Split (1)

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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
8,665,986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verilog%20Procedural%20Interface	The Verilog Procedural Interface (VPI), originally known as PLI 2.0, is an interface primarily intended for the C programming language. It allows behavioral Verilog code to invoke C functions, and C functions to invoke standard Verilog system tasks. The Verilog Procedural Interface is part of the IEEE 1364 Programming ...	Verilog Procedural Interface	[ "Technology" ]	857	[ "Computer standards", "IEEE standards" ]
8,666,134	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physcomitrella%20patens	Physcomitrella patens is a synonym of Physcomitrium patens, the spreading earthmoss. It is a moss, a bryophyte used as a model organism for studies on plant evolution, development, and physiology. Distribution and ecology Physcomitrella patens is an early colonist of exposed mud and earth around the edges of pools o...	Physcomitrella patens	[ "Biology" ]	1,527	[ "Model organisms", "Plant models" ]
8,666,685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Koch%27s%20postulates	Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen. Genes that satisfy molecular Koch's postulates are often referred to as virulence factors. The postulate...	Molecular Koch's postulates	[ "Chemistry", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	658	[ "Epidemiology", "Microbiology", "Environmental social science", "Microscopy" ]
8,666,821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing%20letter%20effect	In cognitive psychology, the missing letter effect refers to the finding that, when people are asked to consciously detect target letters while reading text, they miss more letters in frequent function words (e.g. the letter "h" in "the") than in less frequent, content words. Understanding how, why and where this effec...	Missing letter effect	[ "Biology" ]	2,627	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Cognitive psychology" ]
8,668,103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20transporter	Animal transporters are used to transport livestock or non-livestock animals over long distances. They could be specially-modified vehicles, trailers, ships or aircraft containers. While some animal transporters like horse trailers only carry a few animals, modern ships engaged in live export can carry tens of thousand...	Animal transporter	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	121	[ "Animals", "Eutrophication", "Intensive farming", "Human–animal interaction", "Humans and other species" ]
8,668,185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Sky%20at%20Night	BBC Sky at Night is a British monthly magazine about astronomy aimed at amateur astronomers and published by Immediate Media Company. Its title is taken from the television program produced by the BBC, The Sky at Night. The magazine, in comparison with the TV series, includes more technical and scientific information. ...	BBC Sky at Night	[ "Astronomy" ]	323	[ "Astronomy magazines", "Works about astronomy" ]
6,999,722	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic%20barrier	Traffic barriers (known in North America as guardrails or guard rails, in Britain as crash barriers, and in auto racing as Armco barriers) keep vehicles within their roadway and prevent them from colliding with dangerous obstacles such as boulders, sign supports, trees, bridge abutments, buildings, walls, and large sto...	Traffic barrier	[ "Engineering" ]	2,930	[ "Transportation engineering", "Civil engineering", "Industrial engineering" ]
7,000,446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-band%20management	In systems management, out-of-band management (OOB; also lights-out management or LOM) is a process for accessing and managing devices and infrastructure at remote locations through a separate management plane from the production network. OOB allows a system administrator to monitor and manage servers and other network...	Out-of-band management	[ "Technology" ]	1,202	[ "Information systems", "System administration" ]
7,000,543	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Last%20Dragon%20%282004%20film%29	The Last Dragon, known as Dragons: A Fantasy Made Real in the United States, and also known as Dragon's World in other countries, is a 2004 British docufiction made by Darlow Smithson Productions for Channel Four and broadcast on both Channel Four and Animal Planet. It posits a speculative evolution of dragons from th...	The Last Dragon (2004 film)	[ "Biology" ]	1,234	[ "Biological hypotheses", "Speculative evolution", "Hypothetical life forms" ]
7,000,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen-powered%20aircraft	A hydrogen-powered aircraft is an aeroplane that uses hydrogen fuel as a power source. Hydrogen can either be burned in a jet engine or another kind of internal combustion engine, or can be used to power a fuel cell to generate electricity to power an electric propulsor. It cannot be stored in a traditional wet wing, a...	Hydrogen-powered aircraft	[ "Engineering" ]	3,228	[ "Aircraft configurations", "Aerospace engineering" ]
7,000,956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomarski%20prism	A Nomarski prism is a modification of the Wollaston prism that is used in differential interference contrast microscopy. It is named after its inventor, Polish and naturalized-French physicist Georges Nomarski. Like the Wollaston prism, the Nomarski prism consists of two birefringent crystal wedges (e.g. quartz or calc...	Nomarski prism	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	261	[ "Polarization (waves)", "Astrophysics", "Microscopy" ]
7,001,234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment%20trap	Sediment traps are instruments used in oceanography and limnology to measure the quantity of sinking particulate organic (and inorganic) material in aquatic systems, usually oceans, lakes, or reservoirs. This flux of material is the product of biological and ecological processes typically within the surface euphotic z...	Sediment trap	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	362	[ "Oceanographic instrumentation", "Measuring instruments" ]
7,001,511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netgear%20DG834%20%28series%29	The DG834 series are popular ADSL modem router products from Netgear. The devices can be directly connected to a phone line and establish an ADSL broadband Internet connection to an internet service provider (ISP) and share it among several computers via 802.3 Ethernet and (on many models) 802.11b/g wireless data link...	Netgear DG834 (series)	[ "Technology" ]	1,646	[ "Netgear", "Wireless networking" ]
7,001,745	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance%20of%20free%20space	In electromagnetism, the impedance of free space, , is a physical constant relating the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic radiation travelling through free space. That is, where is the electric field strength, and is the magnetic field strength. Its presently accepted value is , wh...	Impedance of free space	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	642	[ "Electromagnetism", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Physical constants", "Fundamental interactions" ]
7,002,202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia%20Mitchell	Claudia Mitchell (born 1980) is a former United States Marine whose left arm was amputated near the shoulder following a motorcycle crash in 2004. She became the first woman to be outfitted with a bionic arm. The arm is controlled through muscles in her chest and side, which in turn are controlled by the nerves that ha...	Claudia Mitchell	[ "Biology" ]	181	[ "Cyborgs" ]
7,002,304	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiplon	Indiplon (INN and USAN) is a nonbenzodiazepine, hypnotic sedative that was developed in two formulations—an immediate-release formulation for sleep onset, and a modified-release (also called controlled-release or extended-release) version for sleep maintenance. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Indiplon works by enhanci...	Indiplon	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	619	[ "Hypnotics", "Behavior", "Ketones", "Functional groups", "Sleep" ]
7,002,935	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20Sp%C3%B6ring%20Jr.	Herman Diedrich Spöring Jr. (1733–1771) was a Finnish explorer, draughtsman, botanist and a naturalist. Early life Herman Spöring Jr. was born in 1733 in the town of Turku, at that time a major Finnish city and administrative center of the Swedish Empire. He was the son of an amateur naturalist and professor of Medi...	Herman Spöring Jr.	[ "Engineering" ]	1,178	[ "Design engineering", "Draughtsmen" ]
7,003,710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klotz%20Digital	Klotz Digital AG was a manufacturer of audio media products based in Munich, Germany; it was founded in 1990 and acquired by United Screens Media AG in 2009. The company was active in the two business segments Public Address and Radio & TV Broadcast. Its products include systems for radio broadcast, television broadcas...	Klotz Digital	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	379	[ "Information and communications technology", "Radio electronics", "Telecommunications engineering", "Radio technology" ]
7,004,401	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Rosenstiehl	Pierre Rosenstiehl (5 December 1933 – 28 October 2020) was a French mathematician recognized for his work in graph theory, planar graphs, and graph drawing. The Fraysseix-Rosenstiehl's planarity criterion is at the origin of the left-right planarity algorithm implemented in Pigale software, which is considered the fas...	Pierre Rosenstiehl	[ "Mathematics" ]	256	[ "Mathematical relations", "Graph theory", "Graph theorists" ]
7,004,443	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic%20haze	Arctic haze is the phenomenon of a visible reddish-brown springtime haze in the atmosphere at high latitudes in the Arctic due to anthropogenic air pollution. A major distinguishing factor of Arctic haze is the ability of its chemical ingredients to persist in the atmosphere for significantly longer than other pollutan...	Arctic haze	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,119	[ "Visibility", "Fog", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Smog", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
7,004,848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1inne	(; pl. Fáinní but often Fáinnes in English) is the name of a pin badge worn to show fluency in, or a willingness to speak, the Irish language. The three modern versions of the pin as relaunched in 2014 by Conradh na Gaeilge are the Fáinne Óir (gold circle), Seanfháinne (old fáinne/circle) and Fáinne Airgid (silver cir...	Fáinne	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,888	[ "Symbols" ]
7,005,062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20conversion%20efficiency	Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms. The input, as well as the useful output may be chemical, electric power, mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat. The resulting value, η (eta), ranges between 0 and 1. Overview E...	Energy conversion efficiency	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,821	[ "Thermodynamic properties", "Physical quantities", "Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics", "Building engineering", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
7,005,392	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20Roundtable	The Business Roundtable (BRT) is a nonprofit lobbyist association based in Washington, D.C. whose members are chief executive officers of major U.S. companies. Unlike the United States Chamber of Commerce, whose members are entire businesses, BRT members are exclusively CEOs. The BRT lobbies for public policy that is f...	Business Roundtable	[ "Biology" ]	2,135	[ "Life sciences industry" ]
7,005,552	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Lebedev%20%28biochemist%29	Alexander Nikolayevich Lebedev (1869–1937) was a biochemist in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. He is known for his early experiments on the biochemical basis of behavior. Lebedev apprenticed as a student with physiologist and psychologist Ivan Pavlov, becoming familiar with various techniques involved used in ...	Aleksandr Lebedev (biochemist)	[ "Chemistry" ]	189	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biochemists", "Biochemist stubs" ]
7,005,786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hengzhi%20chip	The Hengzhi chip (, 共產主義監控晶片) is a microcontroller that can store secured information, designed by the People's Republic of China government and manufactured in China. Its functionalities should be similar to those offered by a Trusted Platform Module but, unlike the TPM, it does not follow Trusted Computing Group spec...	Hengzhi chip	[ "Engineering" ]	217	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Trusted computing" ]
7,005,992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBBC	NBBC (the National Broadband Company) was a marketplace for digital video syndication. It connected owners of digital video content (content licensors) with owners of websites that wanted video content (distributors). The marketplace generated revenue by selling advertising against content and sharing the income amongs...	NBBC	[ "Technology" ]	233	[ "Computing stubs", "World Wide Web stubs" ]
7,005,997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Salt%20and%20Marine%20Chemicals%20Research%20Institute	Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (formerly Central Salt Research Institute) is a constituent laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India. The institute was inaugurated by Jawahar Lal Nehru on 10 April 1954 at Bhavnagar, in Gujarat. Technology developed Preparation...	Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute	[ "Chemistry" ]	258	[ "Chemistry organization stubs" ]
7,006,101	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leftover%20hash%20lemma	The leftover hash lemma is a lemma in cryptography first stated by Russell Impagliazzo, Leonid Levin, and Michael Luby. Given a secret key that has uniform random bits, of which an adversary was able to learn the values of some bits of that key, the leftover hash lemma states that it is possible to produce a key of...	Leftover hash lemma	[ "Mathematics" ]	487	[ "Theorems in probability theory", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems" ]
7,006,166	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Tao%20theorem	In number theory, the Green–Tao theorem, proved by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004, states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. In other words, for every natural number , there exist arithmetic progressions of primes with terms. The proof is an extension of Szemerédi...	Green–Tao theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,033	[ "Additive combinatorics", "Theorems about prime numbers", "Combinatorics", "Theorems in number theory", "Ramsey theory" ]
7,006,587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20sex%20addiction	Internet sex addiction, also known as cybersex addiction, has been proposed as a sexual addiction characterized by virtual Internet sexual activity that causes serious negative consequences to one's physical, mental, social, and/or financial well-being. It may also be considered a subset of the theorized Internet addic...	Internet sex addiction	[ "Technology" ]	724	[ "Computing and society", "Sexuality and computing" ]
7,006,917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix%20order	In mathematics, especially order theory, a prefix ordered set generalizes the intuitive concept of a tree by introducing the possibility of continuous progress and continuous branching. Natural prefix orders often occur when considering dynamical systems as a set of functions from time (a totally-ordered set) to some p...	Prefix order	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	731	[ "Order theory", "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
7,007,010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted%20bell	The inverted bell is a metaphorical name for a geometric shape that resembles a bell upside-down. By context In architecture, the term is applied to describe the shape of the capitals of Corinthian columns. The inverted bell is used in shape classification in pottery, often featured in archaeology as well as in moder...	Inverted bell	[ "Mathematics" ]	86	[ "Geometric shapes", "Mathematical objects", "Geometric objects" ]
7,007,246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadheader	A roadheader, also called a boom-type roadheader, road header machine, road header or just header machine, is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a boom-mounted cutting head, a loading device usually involving a conveyor, and a crawler travelling track to move the entire machine forward into the rock face. T...	Roadheader	[ "Engineering" ]	515	[ "Engineering vehicles", "Excavating equipment", "Mining equipment" ]
7,008,701	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decrement%20table	Decrement tables, also called life table methods, are used to calculate the probability of certain events. Birth control Life table methods are often used to study birth control effectiveness. In this role, they are an alternative to the Pearl Index. As used in birth control studies, a decrement table calculates a s...	Decrement table	[ "Mathematics" ]	234	[ "Applied mathematics", "Actuarial science" ]
7,008,837	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jig%20borer	The jig borer is a type of machine tool invented at the end of World War I to enable the quick and precise location of hole centers. It was invented independently in Switzerland and the United States. It resembles a specialized kind of milling machine that provides tool and die makers with a higher degree of positionin...	Jig borer	[ "Engineering" ]	795	[ "Machine tools", "Industrial machinery" ]
10,818,503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feller%27s%20coin-tossing%20constants	Feller's coin-tossing constants are a set of numerical constants which describe asymptotic probabilities that in n independent tosses of a fair coin, no run of k consecutive heads (or, equally, tails) appears. William Feller showed that if this probability is written as p(n,k) then where αk is the smallest positive r...	Feller's coin-tossing constants	[ "Mathematics" ]	314	[ "Mathematical objects", "Theorems in probability theory", "nan", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical constants", "Numbers" ]
10,818,976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alusil	Alusil as a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy (EN AC-AlSi17Cu4Mg / EN AC-48100 or A390) contains approximately 78% aluminium and 17% silicon. This alloy was theoretically conceived in 1927 by Schweizer & Fehrenbach, of Badener Metall-Waren-Fabrik, but practically created only by Lancia in the same year, for its ca...	Alusil	[ "Chemistry" ]	780	[ "Alloys", "Aluminium alloys" ]
10,820,517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20United%20States%20Tri-Service%20rocket%20and%20guided%20missile%20designation%20system	In 1963, the U.S. Department of Defense established a designation system for rockets and guided missiles jointly used by all the United States armed services. It superseded the separate designation systems the Air Force and Navy had for designating US guided missiles and drones, but also a short-lived interim USAF syst...	1963 United States Tri-Service rocket and guided missile designation system	[ "Engineering" ]	747	[ "Rocketry", "Aerospace engineering" ]
10,821,496	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dullard%20protein	In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential regulator of neural tube development in Xenopus. The gene promotes neural development by inhibiting Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). Dullard is also known as CTD...	Dullard protein	[ "Chemistry" ]	552	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
10,821,683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Simonaire	Bryan Warner Simonaire (born September 6, 1963) is an American politician who serves as a Maryland state senator representing District 31, which encompasses much of northern Anne Arundel County's Baltimore suburbs. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the minority leader of the Maryland Senate from 2020 to 20...	Bryan Simonaire	[ "Technology" ]	2,270	[ "Computer systems engineers", "Computer systems" ]
10,821,878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20ink	Pharmaceutical ink is an ingestible form of water-based ink used on most medicine pills to indicate which drug it is, and/or how many milligrams the pill contains. History The first U.S. patent for pharmaceutical inks was filed on 28 June 1966, and its method involved ethyl alcohol, shellac, titanium dioxide and pro...	Pharmaceutical ink	[ "Chemistry" ]	184	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacy" ]
10,822,281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Barr%20%28software%20engineer%29	Michael Barr is a software engineer specializing in software design for medical devices and other embedded systems. He is a past editor-in-chief of Embedded Systems Design magazine and author of three books and more than seventy articles about embedded software. Barr has often worked as an expert witness, including te...	Michael Barr (software engineer)	[ "Technology" ]	409	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer specialist stubs" ]
10,822,681	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline%20%28magazine%29	Baseline magazine () is a magazine devoted to typography, book arts and graphic design (distinct from the information technology magazine of the same name published by QuinStreet). History Since Baseline 19, which appeared in 1995, Baseline has been published by Bradbourne Publishing, co-edited by Mike Daines and Han...	Baseline (magazine)	[ "Engineering" ]	400	[ "Design magazines", "Design" ]
10,822,838	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20profile	The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail, perpendicular to its length. Early rails were made of wood, cast iron or wrought iron. All modern rails are hot rolled steel with a cross section (profile) approximate to an I-beam, but asymmetric about a horizontal axis (however see grooved rail below)....	Rail profile	[ "Engineering" ]	4,286	[ "Structural engineering", "Structural steel" ]
10,823,418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Water%20Resources%20Planning%20and%20Management	The Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management is a monthly scientific journal of engineering published by the American Society of Civil Engineers since 1943. The journal covers the development of methods, theories, and applications to current administrative, economic, engineering, planning, and social issues a...	Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management	[ "Physics", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	189	[ "Hydrology", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Hydraulic engineering" ]
10,824,215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heckler%20v.%20Chaney	Heckler v. Chaney, 470 U.S. 821 (1985), is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States which held that a federal agency's decision to not take an enforcement action is presumptively unreviewable by the courts under section 701(a)(2) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). The case arose out of a group of de...	Heckler v. Chaney	[ "Environmental_science" ]	3,983	[ "Toxicology", "Lethal injection" ]
10,824,237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20Union%20Department%20v.%20American%20Petroleum%20Institute	Industrial Union Department v. American Petroleum Institute (also known as the Benzene Case), 448 U.S. 607 (1980), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. This case represented a challenge to the OSHA practice of regulating carcinogens by setting the exposure limit "at the lowest technologically f...	Industrial Union Department v. American Petroleum Institute	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,048	[ "Chemical safety", "Chemical accident", "nan" ]
10,824,968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion%20%28space%20telescope%29	The Orion space telescopes were a series of two instruments flown aboard Soviet spacecraft during the 1970s to conduct ultraviolet spectroscopy of stars. Orion 1 The Orion 1 space astrophysical observatory was installed in the orbital station Salyut 1. It was designed by Grigor Gurzadyan of Byurakan Observatory in A...	Orion (space telescope)	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,124	[ "Space telescopes", "Crewed space observatories", "Soviet space observatories" ]
10,825,303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Kay%20%28engineer%29	Leslie Kay (14 January 1922 – 2 June 2020) was a British–New Zealand electrical engineer, particularly known for the development of ultrasonic devices to assist the blind. Early life and family Kay was born in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, England, on 14 January 1922, the son of a colliery manager. He left school...	Leslie Kay (engineer)	[ "Engineering" ]	866	[ "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology" ]
10,825,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro%20key	A macro key is a keyboard key that can be configured to perform custom, user-defined behavior. Many keyboards do not have a macro key, but some have one or more. Some consider a macro key to enhance productivity by allowing them to do operations via a single key press that otherwise requires slower or multiple UI actio...	Macro key	[ "Technology" ]	197	[ "Computing stubs" ]
10,826,922	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20W.%20Taylor	Paul W. Taylor (November 19, 1923 – October 14, 2015) was an American philosopher best known for his work in the field of environmental ethics. Biography Taylor's theory of biocentric egalitarianism, related to but not identical with deep ecology, was expounded in his 1986 book Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environ...	Paul W. Taylor	[ "Environmental_science" ]	1,071	[ "Environmental ethicists", "Environmental ethics" ]
10,828,016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subparhelic%20circle	The subparhelic circle is a rare halo, an optical phenomenon, located below the horizon. It passes through both the subsun (below the Sun) and the antisolar point (opposite to the Sun). The subparhelic circle is the subhorizon counterpart to the parhelic circle, located above the horizon. Located on the subparhelic ci...	Subparhelic circle	[ "Physics" ]	197	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Atmospheric optical phenomena", "Earth phenomena" ]
10,828,129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth%20positions	Childbirth positions (or maternal birthing positions) are the physical postures that the pregnant mother may assume during the process of childbirth. They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions. In addition to the lithotomy position (on back with feet pulled up), still commonly used by many o...	Childbirth positions	[ "Biology" ]	989	[ "Behavior", "Human positions", "Human behavior" ]
10,828,381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20Clock%20Ensemble%20in%20Space	Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) is a project led by the European Space Agency which will place ultra-stable atomic clocks on the International Space Station. Operation in the microgravity environment of the ISS will provide a stable and accurate time base for different areas of research, including general relativ...	Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space	[ "Astronomy" ]	381	[ "Space science", "Outer space" ]
10,828,674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenadoxone	Phenadoxone (trade names Heptalgin, Morphidone, and Heptazone) is an opioid analgesic of the open chain class (methadone and relatives) invented in Germany by Hoechst in 1947. It is one of a handful of useful synthetic analgesics which were used in the United States for various lengths of time in the 20 or so years aft...	Phenadoxone	[ "Chemistry" ]	489	[ "Ketones", "Functional groups" ]
10,829,007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope%20car	A is a small automated monorail, or a fusion between monorail, people mover, inclined elevator and rack railway. It is a brand name of . Since this mode of transportation is relatively unknown, it lacks widely accepted generic name, other than the simple "monorail". The system is different from normal modern monorails...	Slope car	[ "Technology" ]	814	[ "Vertical transport devices", "Transport systems" ]
10,829,022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liljequist%20parhelion	A Liljequist parhelion is a rare halo, an optical phenomenon in the form of a brightened spot on the parhelic circle approximately 150–160° from the sun; i.e., between the position of the 120° parhelion and the anthelion. While the sun touches the horizon, a Liljequist parhelion is located approximately 160° from the ...	Liljequist parhelion	[ "Physics" ]	385	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Atmospheric optical phenomena", "Earth phenomena" ]
10,830,506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face%20diagonal	In geometry, a face diagonal of a polyhedron is a diagonal on one of the faces, in contrast to a space diagonal passing through the interior of the polyhedron. A cuboid has twelve face diagonals (two on each of the six faces), and it has four space diagonals. The cuboid's face diagonals can have up to three different ...	Face diagonal	[ "Mathematics" ]	197	[ "Elementary mathematics", "Elementary geometry" ]
10,831,433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20sea%20scale	The Douglas sea scale is a scale which measures the height of the waves and also measures the swell of the sea. The scale is very simple to follow and is expressed in one of 10 degrees. The scale The Douglas sea scale, also called the "international sea and swell scale", was devised in 1921 by Captain H. P. Douglas,...	Douglas sea scale	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	328	[ "Water waves", "Waves", "Physical phenomena", "Fluid dynamics" ]
10,831,486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Hey	Anthony John Grenville Hey (born 17 August 1946) was vice-president of Microsoft Research Connections, a division of Microsoft Research, until his departure in 2014. Education Hey was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham and the University of Oxford. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics in 1...	Tony Hey	[ "Engineering" ]	886	[ "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology" ]
10,831,708	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinosad	Spinosad is an insecticide based on chemical compounds found in the bacterial species Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The genus Saccharopolyspora was discovered in 1985 in isolates from crushed sugarcane. The bacteria produce yellowish-pink aerial hyphae, with bead-like chains of spores enclosed in a characteristic hairy sh...	Spinosad	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,463	[ "Drug safety", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
10,831,865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20pool%20sanitation	Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming pools. Proper sanitation is needed to maintain the visual clarity of water and to prevent the transmission of infectious waterborne diseases. Methods Two distinct and separate methods are employed in the sanitation of a swimming pool. T...	Swimming pool sanitation	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	5,483	[ "Water filters", "Water treatment", "Filters", "Water pollution", "Environmental engineering", "Water technology" ]
323,328	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating%20hormone	Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) work to...	Follicle-stimulating hormone	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,465	[ "Behavior", "Biotechnology products", "Sex hormones", "Recombinant proteins", "Glycoproteins", "Glycobiology", "Sexuality" ]
323,371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch%20%28resin%29	Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer which can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar, or plants. Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt, while plant-derived pitch, a resin, is known as rosin in its solid form. Tar is sometimes used interchangeably with pitch, but generally refe...	Pitch (resin)	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,087	[ "Unsolved problems in physics", "Materials", "Chemical mixtures", "nan", "Amorphous solids", "Matter" ]
323,392	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20computer%20science	Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation. It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following...	Theoretical computer science	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,882	[ "Theoretical computer science", "Applied mathematics" ]
323,413	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpenglow	Alpenglow (from ; ) is an optical phenomenon that appears as a horizontal reddish glow near the horizon opposite to the Sun when the solar disk is just below the horizon. Description Strictly speaking, alpenglow refers to indirect sunlight reflected or diffracted by the atmosphere after sunset or before sunrise. This...	Alpenglow	[ "Physics" ]	324	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Atmospheric optical phenomena", "Earth phenomena" ]
323,428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20craters%20on%20the%20Moon	This is a list of named lunar craters. The large majority of these features are impact craters. The crater nomenclature is governed by the International Astronomical Union, and this listing only includes features that are officially recognized by that scientific society. Craters The lunar craters are listed in the ...	List of craters on the Moon	[ "Astronomy" ]	308	[ "Astronomy-related lists", "Lists of impact craters" ]
323,478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20regionalism	Critical regionalism is an approach to architecture that strives to counter the placelessness and lack of identity of the International Style, but also rejects the whimsical individualism and ornamentation of Postmodern architecture. The stylings of critical regionalism seek to provide an architecture rooted in the mod...	Critical regionalism	[ "Engineering" ]	1,863	[ "Architectural theory", "Architecture" ]
323,592	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus%20Copernicus	Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. In all likelihood, Copernicus developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos,...	Nicolaus Copernicus	[ "Astronomy" ]	17,440	[ "Copernican Revolution", "History of astronomy" ]
323,608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20alert	Global alert is used as the global radio-communications network during times of international crises or threats to international security. Global Alerts are also issued by agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), when there is a perceived threat of an international pandemic, (global epidemic), such as the ...	Global alert	[ "Technology" ]	265	[ "Warning systems", "Alert measurement systems" ]
323,631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieferich%20prime	In number theory, a Wieferich prime is a prime number p such that p2 divides , therefore connecting these primes with Fermat's little theorem, which states that every odd prime p divides . Wieferich primes were first described by Arthur Wieferich in 1909 in works pertaining to Fermat's Last Theorem, at which time both ...	Wieferich prime	[ "Mathematics" ]	8,777	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Unsolved problems in number theory", "Abc conjecture", "Mathematical problems", "Number theory" ]
323,646	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%20prime	In number theory, a Wilson prime is a prime number such that divides , where "" denotes the factorial function; compare this with Wilson's theorem, which states that every prime divides . Both are named for 18th-century English mathematician John Wilson; in 1770, Edward Waring credited the theorem to Wilson, althoug...	Wilson prime	[ "Mathematics" ]	523	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Factorial and binomial topics", "Unsolved problems in number theory", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical problems", "Number theory" ]
323,651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall%E2%80%93Sun%E2%80%93Sun%20prime	In number theory, a Wall–Sun–Sun prime or Fibonacci–Wieferich prime is a certain kind of prime number which is conjectured to exist, although none are known. Definition Let be a prime number. When each term in the sequence of Fibonacci numbers is reduced modulo , the result is a periodic sequence. The (minimal) pe...	Wall–Sun–Sun prime	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,311	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Mathematical problems", "Unsolved problems in number theory", "Number theory" ]
323,689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20prime	In number theory, a regular prime is a special kind of prime number, defined by Ernst Kummer in 1850 to prove certain cases of Fermat's Last Theorem. Regular primes may be defined via the divisibility of either class numbers or of Bernoulli numbers. The first few regular odd primes are: 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 2...	Regular prime	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,739	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Unsolved problems in number theory", "Algebraic number theory", "Mathematical problems", "Number theory" ]
323,705	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman%E2%80%93Shanks%E2%80%93Williams%20prime	In mathematics, a Newman–Shanks–Williams prime (NSW prime) is a prime number p which can be written in the form NSW primes were first described by Morris Newman, Daniel Shanks and Hugh C. Williams in 1981 during the study of finite simple groups with square order. The first few NSW primes are 7, 41, 239, 9369319, 630...	Newman–Shanks–Williams prime	[ "Mathematics" ]	200	[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Mathematical problems" ]
323,707	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20group	In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite. Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations. Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and p...	Finite group	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,116	[ "Mathematical structures", "Algebraic structures", "Finite groups", "Properties of groups" ]
323,725	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle%20Database	Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a proprietary multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. It is a database commonly used for running online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (O...	Oracle Database	[ "Technology" ]	985	[ "Cloud infrastructure", "IT infrastructure" ]
323,737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfund	Superfund is a United States federal environmental remediation program established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The program is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and is designed to pay for investigating and cleaning up sites contam...	Superfund	[ "Technology" ]	5,285	[ "Hazardous waste", "Superfund sites" ]
323,792	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome%20project	Genome projects are scientific endeavours that ultimately aim to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism (be it an animal, a plant, a fungus, a bacterium, an archaean, a protist or a virus) and to annotate protein-coding genes and other important genome-encoded features. The genome sequence of an organism...	Genome project	[ "Biology" ]	1,496	[ "Genome projects" ]
323,912	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20ecology	Cultural ecology is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments. Human adaptation refers to both biological and cultural processes that enable a population to survive and reproduce within a given or changing environment. This may be carried out diachronically (examining entities that existed in d...	Cultural ecology	[ "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	4,540	[ "Ecology terminology", "Environmental social science", "Human geography" ]
324,132	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered%20jack	A registered jack (RJ) is a standardized telecommunication network interface for connecting voice and data equipment to a computer service provided by a local exchange carrier or long distance carrier. Registered interfaces were first defined in the Universal Service Ordering Code (USOC) of the Bell System in the Unite...	Registered jack	[ "Engineering" ]	3,825	[ "Computer networks engineering", "Networking hardware" ]
324,134	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide%20library	A slide library is a library that houses a collection of photographic slides, either as a part of a larger library or image archive, or standing alone within a larger organization, such as an academic department of a college or university, a museum, or a corporation. Typically, a "slide library" contains slides depict...	Slide library	[ "Engineering" ]	2,867	[ "Architectural history", "Architecture" ]
324,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrical%20scenery	Theatrical scenery is that which is used as a setting for a theatrical production. Scenery may be just about anything, from a single chair to an elaborately re-created street, no matter how large or how small, whether the item was custom-made or is the genuine item, appropriated for theatrical use. History The history...	Theatrical scenery	[ "Engineering" ]	602	[ "Scenic design", "Design" ]
324,402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazone	Hydrazones are a class of organic compounds with the structure . They are related to ketones and aldehydes by the replacement of the oxygen =O with the = functional group. They are formed usually by the action of hydrazine on ketones or aldehydes. Synthesis Hydrazine, organohydrazines, and 1,1-diorganohydrazines react...	Hydrazone	[ "Chemistry" ]	821	[ "Hydrazones", "Functional groups" ]
324,412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromic%20acid	Chromic acid is jargon for a solution formed by the addition of sulfuric acid to aqueous solutions of dichromate. It consists at least in part of chromium trioxide. The term chromic acid is usually used for a mixture made by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a dichromate, which may contain a variety of compounds, i...	Chromic acid	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,423	[ "Acids", "Inorganic compounds", "Mineral acids", "Oxidizing agents", "Salts", "Chromates", "Oxidizing acids" ]
324,498	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar%20%28masonry%29	Mortar is a workable paste which hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, spread the weight of them evenly, and sometimes to add decorative colours or patterns to masonry walls. In its broadest sense, mortar includes pitch, as...	Mortar (masonry)	[ "Engineering" ]	2,239	[ "Structural engineering", "Concrete", "Construction", "Masonry" ]
324,502	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantric%20sex	Tantric sex or sexual yoga refers to a range of practices in Hindu and Buddhist tantra that utilize sexual activity in a ritual or yogic context. Tantric sex is associated with antinomian elements such as the consumption of alcohol, and the offerings of substances like meat to deities. Moreover, sexual fluids may be vi...	Tantric sex	[ "Biology" ]	2,517	[ "Human sexuality", "Behavior", "Human behavior", "Sexual acts", "Sexuality", "Mating" ]
324,744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial%20engineering	Financial engineering is a multidisciplinary field involving financial theory, methods of engineering, tools of mathematics and the practice of programming. It has also been defined as the application of technical methods, especially from mathematical finance and computational finance, in the practice of finance. Fina...	Financial engineering	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,018	[ "Applied mathematics", "Mathematical finance", "nan" ]
324,749	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine%20wave	A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion. Sine waves occur often in physics, including wind waves,...	Sine wave	[ "Physics" ]	1,288	[ "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics", "Waves", "Wave mechanics", "Motion (physics)", "Waveforms" ]
324,752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiyah%E2%80%93Singer%20index%20theorem	In differential geometry, the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, proved by Michael Atiyah and Isadore Singer (1963), states that for an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold, the analytical index (related to the dimension of the space of solutions) is equal to the topological index (defined in terms of some to...	Atiyah–Singer index theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	6,088	[ "Theorems in differential geometry", "Mathematical analysis", "Differential operators", "Theorems in geometry" ]
324,772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotra	Eurotra was a machine translation project established and funded by the European Commission from 1978 until 1992. History In 1976, the European Commission started using the commercially developed machine translation system SYSTRAN with a plan to make it work for further languages than originally developed for (Russian...	Eurotra	[ "Technology" ]	756	[ "Machine translation", "Natural language and computing" ]
324,806	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporadic%20group	In the mathematical classification of finite simple groups, there are a number of groups which do not fit into any infinite family. These are called the sporadic simple groups, or the sporadic finite groups, or just the sporadic groups. A simple group is a group G that does not have any normal subgroups except for the...	Sporadic group	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,458	[ "Mathematical tables" ]
324,807	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatol	Amatol is a highly explosive material made from a mixture of TNT and ammonium nitrate. The British name originates from the words ammonium and toluene (the precursor of TNT). Similar mixtures (one part dinitronaphthalene and seven parts ammonium nitrate) were known as Schneiderite in France. Amatol was used extensively...	Amatol	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,061	[ "Explosive chemicals", "Trinitrotoluene", "Explosives", "Explosions" ]
324,828	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimonster%20group	In mathematics, the bimonster is a group that is the wreath product of the monster group M with Z2: The Bimonster is also a quotient of the Coxeter group corresponding to the Dynkin diagram Y555, a Y-shaped graph with 16 nodes: Actually, the 3 outermost nodes are redundant. This is because the subgroup Y124 is the...	Bimonster group	[ "Mathematics" ]	395	[ "Group theory", "Fields of abstract algebra" ]
324,834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa	HeLa () is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest human cell line and one of the most commonly used. HeLa cells are durable and prolific, allowing for extensive applications in scientific study. The line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951, from Henrietta Lac...	HeLa	[ "Technology", "Biology" ]	4,087	[ "Bioethics", "Senescence", "Cellular senescence", "Cellular processes", "Ethics of science and technology" ]
324,863	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalism%20%28philosophy%29	The term formalism describes an emphasis on form over content or meaning in the arts, literature, or philosophy. A practitioner of formalism is called a formalist. A formalist, with respect to some discipline, holds that there is no transcendent meaning to that discipline other than the literal content created by a pr...	Formalism (philosophy)	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,179	[ "Theories of deduction" ]
324,888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational%20ignorance	Rational ignorance is refraining from acquiring knowledge when the supposed cost of educating oneself on an issue exceeds the expected potential benefit that the knowledge would provide. Ignorance about an issue is said to be "rational" when the cost of educating oneself about the issue sufficiently to make an informe...	Rational ignorance	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,287	[ "Game theory" ]
324,949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer	An accelerometer is a device that measures the proper acceleration of an object. Proper acceleration is the acceleration (the rate of change of velocity) of the object relative to an observer who is in free fall (that is, relative to an inertial frame of reference). Proper acceleration is different from coordinate acce...	Accelerometer	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	4,916	[ "Accelerometers", "Physical quantities", "Acceleration", "Quantity", "Measuring instruments", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
324,997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological%20warfare	Radiological warfare is any form of warfare involving deliberate radiation poisoning or contamination of an area with radiological sources. Radiological weapons are normally classified as weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), although radiological weapons can also be specific in whom they target, such as the radiation p...	Radiological warfare	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	897	[ "Radiobiology", "Radioactivity" ]
325,019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20group	In mathematics, the modular group is the projective special linear group of matrices with integer coefficients and determinant 1. The matrices and are identified. The modular group acts on the upper-half of the complex plane by fractional linear transformations, and the name "modular group" comes from the relation...	Modular group	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,683	[ "Analytic number theory", "Group theory", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Modular forms", "Number theory" ]

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