id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
325,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic%20Circumpolar%20Wave | The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) is a coupled ocean/atmosphere wave that circles the Southern Ocean in approximately eight years at . Since it is a wave-2 phenomenon (there are two ridges and two troughs in a latitude circle) at each fixed point in space a signal with a period of four years is seen. The wave moves ... | Antarctic Circumpolar Wave | [
"Physics"
] | 264 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
325,028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological%20escalation | Technological escalation describes the situation where two parties in competition tend to employ continual technological improvements in their attempt to defeat each other. Technology is defined here as a creative invention, either in the form of an object or a methodology. An example is the mutual escalation seen bet... | Technological escalation | [
"Biology"
] | 157 | [
"Behavior",
"Aggression",
"Human behavior",
"Conflict (process)"
] |
325,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal%20power | Tidal power or tidal energy is harnessed by converting energy from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity using various methods.
Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewabl... | Tidal power | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,084 | [
"Construction",
"Coastal construction"
] |
325,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenic%20painting%20%28theatre%29 | Theatrical scenic painting includes wide-ranging disciplines, encompassing virtually the entire scope of painting and craft techniques. An experienced scenic painter (or scenic artist) will have skills in landscape painting, figurative painting, trompe-l'œil, and faux finishing, and be versatile in different media such... | Scenic painting (theatre) | [
"Engineering"
] | 470 | [
"Scenic design",
"Design"
] |
325,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20theory | Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science, where it is used to specify denotational semantics, especially ... | Domain theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,902 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Fixed points (mathematics)",
"Topology",
"Domain theory",
"Order theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
325,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezzanine | A mezzanine (; or in Italian, a mezzanino) is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the double-height ceilinged floor below, or which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building, a loft with non-sloped walls. However, the term is often used loosely for the floor above the ground floo... | Mezzanine | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,134 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Floors",
"Architectural elements",
"nan",
"Components",
"Architecture"
] |
325,232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwashing | Greenwashing (a compound word modeled on "whitewash"), also called green sheen, is a form of advertising or marketing spin that deceptively uses green PR and green marketing to persuade the public that an organization's products, goals, or policies are environmentally friendly. Companies that intentionally adopt greenw... | Greenwashing | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 8,660 | [
"Environmental social science concepts",
"Environmental social science"
] |
325,260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figurate%20number | The term figurate number is used by different writers for members of different sets of numbers, generalizing from triangular numbers to different shapes (polygonal numbers) and different dimensions (polyhedral numbers). The term can mean
polygonal number
a number represented as a discrete -dimensional regular geomet... | Figurate number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 962 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Figurate numbers",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
325,329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20War | The Cold War was a period of global geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The term cold war is used because there was no dir... | Cold War | [
"Chemistry"
] | 19,829 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear warfare"
] |
325,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomechanism | In mechanical and control engineering, a servomechanism (also called servo system, or simply servo) is a control system for the position and its time derivatives, such as velocity, of a mechanical system. It often includes a servomotor, and uses closed-loop control to reduce steady-state error and improve dynamic respo... | Servomechanism | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,755 | [
"Mechanical amplifiers",
"Control devices",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Control engineering",
"Amplifiers",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
325,521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation%20%28database%20systems%29 | In database systems, isolation is one of the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transaction properties. It determines how transaction integrity is visible to other users and systems. A lower isolation level increases the ability of many users to access the same data at the same time, but also increase... | Isolation (database systems) | [
"Technology"
] | 2,565 | [
"Data management",
"Data"
] |
325,542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20acceptance%20model | The technology acceptance model (TAM) is an information systems theory that models how users come to accept and use a technology.
The actual system use is the end-point where people use the technology. Behavioral intention is a factor that leads people to use the technology. The behavioral intention (BI) is influenced... | Technology acceptance model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 2,493 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion",
"Science and technology studies"
] |
325,634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20on%20Earth%20%28TV%20series%29 | Life on Earth: A Natural History by David Attenborough is a British television natural history series made by the BBC in association with Warner Bros. Television and Reiner Moritz Productions. It was transmitted in the UK from 16 January 1979.
During the course of the series presenter David Attenborough, following the... | Life on Earth (TV series) | [
"Biology"
] | 1,378 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
325,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successor%20function | In mathematics, the successor function or successor operation sends a natural number to the next one. The successor function is denoted by S, so S(n) = n +1. For example, S(1) = 2 and S(2) = 3. The successor function is one of the basic components used to build a primitive recursive function.
Successor operations are ... | Successor function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 509 | [
"Logic in computer science",
"Mathematical logic",
"Arithmetic",
"Mathematical logic stubs",
"Number theory"
] |
325,714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf%20algebra | In mathematics, a Hopf algebra, named after Heinz Hopf, is a structure that is simultaneously an (unital associative) algebra and a (counital coassociative) coalgebra, with these structures' compatibility making it a bialgebra, and that moreover is equipped with an antihomomorphism satisfying a certain property. The re... | Hopf algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,758 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Monoidal categories",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Representation theory"
] |
325,726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20network%20analysis | Social network analysis (SNA) is the process of investigating social structures through the use of networks and graph theory. It characterizes networked structures in terms of nodes (individual actors, people, or things within the network) and the ties, edges, or links (relationships or interactions) that connect them... | Social network analysis | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,484 | [
"Self-organization",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
325,736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenalism | In metaphysics, phenomenalism is the view that physical objects cannot justifiably be said to exist in themselves, but only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli (e.g. redness, hardness, softness, sweetness, etc.) situated in time and in space. In particular, some forms of phenomenalism reduce all talk about physi... | Phenomenalism | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,776 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logical positivism"
] |
325,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20%28American%20TV%20program%29 | Nova (stylized as NOVΛ) is an American popular science television program produced by WGBH in Boston, Massachusetts, since 1974. It is broadcast on PBS in the United States, and in more than 100 other countries. The program has won many major television awards.
Nova often includes interviews with scientists doing rese... | Nova (American TV program) | [
"Physics"
] | 1,003 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physics education"
] |
325,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20state | Architectural state is the collection of information in a computer system that defines the state of a program during execution. Architectural state includes main memory, architectural registers, and the program counter. Architectural state is defined by the instruction set architecture and can be manipulated by the... | Architectural state | [
"Technology"
] | 279 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer hardware stubs"
] |
325,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20graph%20theory | This is a glossary of graph theory. Graph theory is the study of graphs, systems of nodes or vertices connected in pairs by lines or edges.
Symbols
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
See also
List of graph theory topics
Gallery of named graphs
Graph algorithms
Glossary of areas ... | Glossary of graph theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 109 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory",
"Combinatorics"
] |
325,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20%28discrete%20mathematics%29 | In discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory, a graph is a structure consisting of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects are represented by abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an edge ... | Graph (discrete mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,427 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory",
"Combinatorics"
] |
325,819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban%20solenodon | The Cuban solenodon or almiquí (Atopogale cubana) is a small, furry, shrew-like mammal endemic to mountainous forests on Cuba. It is the only species in the genus Atopogale. An elusive animal, it lives in burrows and is only active at night when it uses its unusual toxic saliva to feed on insects. The solenodons (famil... | Cuban solenodon | [
"Biology"
] | 854 | [
"EDGE species",
"Biodiversity"
] |
325,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Man | The Green Man, also known as a foliate head, is a motif in architecture and art, of a face made of, or completely surrounded by, foliage, which normally spreads out from the centre of the face. Apart from a purely decorative function, the Green Man is primarily interpreted as a symbol of rebirth, representing the cycle... | Green Man | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,964 | [
"Symbols",
"Visual motifs"
] |
325,831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection%20moulding | Injection moulding (U.S. spelling: injection molding) is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten material into a mould, or mold. Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials mainly including metals (for which the process is called die-casting), glasses, elastomers, confections, a... | Injection moulding | [
"Engineering"
] | 6,601 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Design"
] |
325,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20assets%20owned%20by%20General%20Electric | List of assets owned by General Electric:
Primary business units
GE Aerospace
GE Power
GE Renewable Energy
Other business units
GE Additive
GE Capital
GE Energy Financial Services
GE Digital
GE Research
GE Licensing
GE Hot Dogs
See also
Lists of corporate assets
References
Sources
http://www.ge.com
Ge... | List of assets owned by General Electric | [
"Engineering"
] | 62 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical-engineering-related lists"
] |
325,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extendible%20cardinal | In mathematics, extendible cardinals are large cardinals introduced by , who was partly motivated by reflection principles. Intuitively, such a cardinal represents a point beyond which initial pieces of the universe of sets start to look similar, in the sense that each is elementarily embeddable into a later one.
Def... | Extendible cardinal | [
"Mathematics"
] | 519 | [
"Large cardinals",
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity"
] |
325,963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen%20tube | A pollen tube is a tubular structure produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it germinates. Pollen tube elongation is an integral stage in the plant life cycle. The pollen tube acts as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen grain—either from the stigma (in flowering plants) to the ovu... | Pollen tube | [
"Biology"
] | 6,212 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Plants",
"Botany"
] |
325,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Superconducting%20Cyclotron%20Laboratory | The National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL), located on the campus of Michigan State University was a rare isotope research facility in the United States. Established in 1963, the cyclotron laboratory has been succeeded by the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, a linear accelerator providing beam to the sam... | National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory | [
"Engineering"
] | 959 | [
"Nuclear research institutes",
"Nuclear organizations"
] |
326,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2060320 | IEC 60320 Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes is a set of standards from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) specifying non-locking connectors for connecting power supply cords to electrical appliances of voltage not exceeding 250 V (a.c.) and rated current not exceeding 16 A. ... | IEC 60320 | [
"Technology"
] | 4,734 | [
"Computer standards",
"IEC standards"
] |
326,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%207 | Windows 7 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, 2009. It is the successor to Windows Vista, released nearly three years earlier. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2... | Windows 7 | [
"Technology"
] | 7,966 | [
"Computing platforms",
"Microsoft Windows"
] |
326,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoperimetric%20inequality | In mathematics, the isoperimetric inequality is a geometric inequality involving the square of the circumference of a closed curve in the plane and the area of a plane region it encloses, as well as its various generalizations. Isoperimetric literally means "having the same perimeter". Specifically, the isoperimetric i... | Isoperimetric inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,804 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in measure theory",
"Calculus",
"Geometric inequalities",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Multivariable calculus"
] |
326,213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20during%20World%20War%20I | Technology during World War I (1914–1918) reflected a trend toward industrialism and the application of mass-production methods to weapons and to the technology of warfare in general. This trend began at least fifty years prior to World War I during the American Civil War of 1861–1865, and continued through many smalle... | Technology during World War I | [
"Technology"
] | 7,067 | [
"Science and technology during World War I",
"Science and technology by war"
] |
326,225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20during%20World%20War%20II | Technology played a significant role in World War II. Some of the technologies used during the war were developed during the interwar years of the 1920s and 1930s, much was developed in response to needs and lessons learned during the war, while others were beginning to be developed as the war ended. Many wars have had... | Technology during World War II | [
"Technology"
] | 7,796 | [
"Science and technology during World War II",
"Science and technology by war"
] |
326,285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Elvstr%C3%B8m | Paul Bert Elvstrøm (25 February 1928 – 7 December 2016) was a Danish yachtsman and the founder of Elvstrøm Sails. He won four Olympic gold medals and twenty world titles in a range of classes including Snipe, Soling, Star, Flying Dutchman, Finn, 505, and 5.5 Metre. For his achievements, Elvstrøm was chosen as "Danish S... | Paul Elvstrøm | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,161 | [
"Marine engineers",
"Marine engineering"
] |
326,298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20center%20%28geometry%29 | In geometry, the power center of three circles, also called the radical center, is the intersection point of the three radical axes of the pairs of circles. If the radical center lies outside of all three circles, then it is the center of the unique circle (the radical circle) that intersects the three given circles ... | Power center (geometry) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 366 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
326,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covering%20lemma | In the foundations of mathematics, a covering lemma is used to prove that the non-existence of certain large cardinals leads to the existence of a canonical inner model, called the core model, that is, in a sense, maximal and approximates the structure of the von Neumann universe V. A covering lemma asserts that under ... | Covering lemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 983 | [
"Covering lemmas",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Lemmas"
] |
326,357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin | Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abno... | Neurotoxin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 7,717 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Neurotoxins"
] |
326,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20mathematics | Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. Its defining method can briefly be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms", in contrast to the ordinary mathematical practice of deriving theorems from axiom... | Reverse mathematics | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,432 | [
"Computability theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
326,386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20source | An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.
Electron ionization
Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molec... | Ion source | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,902 | [
"Matter",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Ion source",
"Experimental physics",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Accelerator physics",
"Ions"
] |
326,395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%27s%20four-square%20theorem | Lagrange's four-square theorem, also known as Bachet's conjecture, states that every nonnegative integer can be represented as a sum of four non-negative integer squares. That is, the squares form an additive basis of order four.
where the four numbers are integers. For illustration, 3, 31, and 310 can be represente... | Lagrange's four-square theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,223 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical problems",
"Squares in number theory",
"Number theory"
] |
326,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finitely%20generated%20module | In mathematics, a finitely generated module is a module that has a finite generating set. A finitely generated module over a ring R may also be called a finite R-module, finite over R, or a module of finite type.
Related concepts include finitely cogenerated modules, finitely presented modules, finitely related module... | Finitely generated module | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,310 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Module theory"
] |
326,454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20module | In mathematics, a free module is a module that has a basis, that is, a generating set that is linearly independent. Every vector space is a free module, but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules.
Given any set and ring , there ... | Free module | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,315 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Module theory",
"Algebraic structures",
"Free algebraic structures"
] |
326,462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undersampling | In signal processing, undersampling or bandpass sampling is a technique where one samples a bandpass-filtered signal at a sample rate below its Nyquist rate (twice the upper cutoff frequency), but is still able to reconstruct the signal.
When one undersamples a bandpass signal, the samples are indistinguishable from t... | Undersampling | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,277 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
984,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit%20phasing | In astrodynamics, orbit phasing is the adjustment of the time-position of spacecraft along its orbit, usually described as adjusting the orbiting spacecraft's true anomaly. Orbital phasing is primarily used in scenarios where a spacecraft in a given orbit must be moved to a different location within the same orbit. The... | Orbit phasing | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,035 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
984,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief%20valve | A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; excessive pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, explosion, or fire.
Pressure relief
Excess pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurize... | Relief valve | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,862 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Industrial safety devices",
"Pressure vessels",
"Safety valves"
] |
984,081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20rendezvous | A space rendezvous () is a set of orbital maneuvers during which two spacecraft, one of which is often a space station, arrive at the same orbit and approach to a very close distance (e.g. within visual contact). Rendezvous requires a precise match of the orbital velocities and position vectors of the two spacecraft, a... | Space rendezvous | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,372 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
984,130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book%20music | Book music () is a medium for storing the music played on mechanical organs, mainly of European manufacture. Book music is made from thick cardboard, containing perforated holes specifying the musical notes to be played, with the book folded zig-zag style. Unlike the heavy pinned barrels, which could only contain a f... | Book music | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 521 | [
"Physical systems",
"Mechanical musical instruments",
"Machines"
] |
984,232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcholanthrene | Methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced by burning organic compounds at very high temperatures. Methylcholanthrene is also known as 3-methylcholanthrene, 20-methylcholanthrene or the IUPAC name 3-methyl-1,2-dyhydrobenzo[j]aceanthrylene. The short notation often used is 3-MC... | Methylcholanthrene | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,977 | [
"Carcinogens",
"Toxicology"
] |
984,289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiuzhaigou | Jiuzhaigou (; ) is a nature reserve and national park located in the north of Sichuan Province in southwestern China. A long valley running north to south, Jiuzhaigou was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1992 and a World Biosphere Reserve in 1997. It belongs to the category V (Protected Landscape) in the... | Jiuzhaigou | [
"Biology"
] | 3,781 | [
"Old-growth forests",
"Ecosystems"
] |
984,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujiangyan | The Dujiangyan () is an ancient irrigation system in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, China. Originally constructed around 256 BC by the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control project, it is still in use today. The system's infrastructure develops on the Min River (Minjiang), the longest tributary of the Yangtze. The... | Dujiangyan | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,239 | [
"Irrigation projects"
] |
984,355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20glass | Uranium glass is glass which has had uranium, usually in oxide diuranate form, added to a glass mix before melting for colouration. The proportion usually varies from trace levels to about 2% uranium by weight, although some 20th-century pieces were made with up to 25% uranium.
First identified in 1789 by German chemi... | Uranium glass | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,431 | [
"Glass compositions",
"Glass chemistry"
] |
984,380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloproteinase | A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal. An example is ADAM12 which plays a significant role in the fusion of muscle cells during embryo development, in a process known as myogenesis.
Most metalloproteases require zinc, but some use cobalt. The metal ... | Metalloproteinase | [
"Biology"
] | 943 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
984,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipway | A slipway, also known as boat ramp or launch or boat deployer, is a ramp on the shore by which ships or boats can be moved to and from the water. They are used for building and repairing ships and boats, and for launching and retrieving small boats on trailers towed by automobiles and flying boats on their undercarriag... | Slipway | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,492 | [
"Construction",
"Coastal construction",
"Shipbuilding",
"Marine engineering"
] |
984,629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20complexity | In sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society. In the sciences, contemporary definitions of complexity are found in systems theory, wherein the phenomenon being studied has many parts and many possible arrangements of the parts; simultaneously, what is complex and what is sim... | Social complexity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,131 | [
"Self-organization",
"Nonlinear systems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
984,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20sociology | Computational sociology is a branch of sociology that uses computationally intensive methods to analyze and model social phenomena. Using computer simulations, artificial intelligence, complex statistical methods, and analytic approaches like social network analysis, computational sociology develops and tests theories ... | Computational sociology | [
"Technology"
] | 3,698 | [
"Computational fields of study",
"Computing and society"
] |
984,726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropeptide | Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons. Neuropeptides typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate neural activity and other tissues like the gut, muscles, and heart.
Neuropeptides are synthesized from large precurs... | Neuropeptide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,244 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
984,752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov%20equation | The Lyapunov equation, named after the Russian mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov, is a matrix equation used in the stability analysis of linear dynamical systems.
In particular, the discrete-time Lyapunov equation (also known as Stein equation) for is
where is a Hermitian matrix and is the conjugate transpose of ... | Lyapunov equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 795 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
984,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONElist | ONElist was a free mailing list service created by Mark Fletcher in August 1997. In November 1999 ONElist merged with eGroups, which was later purchased by Yahoo! in June 2000.
External links
Electronic mailing lists
Discontinued Yahoo! services
Products introduced in 1997 | ONElist | [
"Technology"
] | 55 | [
"Computing stubs",
"World Wide Web stubs"
] |
984,882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20NT%203.1 | Windows NT 3.1 is the first major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft, released on July 27, 1993. It marked the company's entry into the corporate computing environment, designed to support large networks and to be portable, compiled for Intel x86, DEC Alpha and MIPS based workstations and... | Windows NT 3.1 | [
"Technology"
] | 5,996 | [
"Computing platforms",
"Microsoft Windows",
"History of computing",
"History of software"
] |
984,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20NT%203.5 | Windows NT 3.5 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft and oriented towards businesses. It was released on September 21, 1994, as the successor to Windows NT 3.1. One of the primary goals during its development was to improve the operating system's performance. As a result, the proj... | Windows NT 3.5 | [
"Technology"
] | 633 | [
"Computing platforms",
"Microsoft Windows"
] |
984,885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20NT%203.51 | Windows NT 3.51 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft and oriented towards businesses. It is the third version of Windows NT and was released on May 30, 1995, eight months following the release of Windows NT 3.5. The most significant enhancement offered in this release was that it... | Windows NT 3.51 | [
"Technology"
] | 897 | [
"Computing platforms",
"Microsoft Windows"
] |
984,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20halide | A silver halide (or silver salt) is one of the chemical compounds that can form between the element silver (Ag) and one of the halogens. In particular, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I) and fluorine (F) may each combine with silver to produce silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl), silver iodide (AgI), and... | Silver halide | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,111 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts",
"Metal halides"
] |
985,045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spic%20and%20Span | Spic and Span is a brand of all-purpose household cleaner marketed by KIK Custom Products Inc. for home consumer use and by Procter & Gamble for professional (non-home-consumer) use.
History
On June 15, 1926, Whistle Bottling Company of Johnsonburg, Pennsylvania, registered "Spic and Span" trademark No. 214,076 — was... | Spic and Span | [
"Chemistry"
] | 615 | [
"Cleaning products",
"Products of chemical industry"
] |
985,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20defunct%20hard%20disk%20manufacturers | At least 218 companies have manufactured hard disk drives (HDDs) since 1956. Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first several entrants (including IBM, who invented the HDD) continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived—Seagate, Toshi... | List of defunct hard disk manufacturers | [
"Technology"
] | 159 | [
"Computing-related lists"
] |
985,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20sink | A time sink (also timesink), time drain or time-waster is an activity that consumes a significant amount of time, especially one which is seen as a wasteful way of spending it. Although it is unknown when the term was coined, it makes an analogy with heat sink.
In video games
In massively multiplayer online role-playi... | Time sink | [
"Technology"
] | 666 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Video game terminology"
] |
985,187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving%20simulator | Driving simulators are used for entertainment as well as in training of driver's education courses taught in educational institutions and private businesses. They are also used for research purposes in the area of human factors and medical research, to monitor driver behavior, performance, and attention and in the car ... | Driving simulator | [
"Technology"
] | 1,570 | [
"Driving simulators",
"Real-time simulation"
] |
985,295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther%20Ritz | Walther Heinrich Wilhelm Ritz (22 February 1878 – 7 July 1909) was a Swiss theoretical physicist. He is most famous for his work with Johannes Rydberg on the Rydberg–Ritz combination principle. Ritz is also known for the variational method named after him, the Ritz method.
Life
Walter Ritz's father Raphael Ritz was b... | Walther Ritz | [
"Physics"
] | 1,117 | [
"Relativity critics",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
985,583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothic%20cycle | The Sothic cycle or Canicular period is a period of 1,461 Egyptian civil years of 365 days each or 1,460 Julian years averaging days each. During a Sothic cycle, the 365-day year loses enough time that the start of its year once again coincides with the heliacal rising of the star Sirius ( or , 'Triangle'; , ) on 19 J... | Sothic cycle | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,477 | [
"Chronology",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Units of time",
"Quantity",
"Spacetime",
"Units of measurement"
] |
985,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceric%20ammonium%20nitrate | Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is the inorganic compound with the formula . This orange-red, water-soluble cerium salt is a specialised oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and a standard oxidant in quantitative analysis.
Preparation, properties, and structure
The anion is generated by dissolving in hot and concentrat... | Ceric ammonium nitrate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 863 | [
"Redox",
"Coordination complexes",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Nitrates",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Salts",
"Ammonium compounds"
] |
985,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory%20X%20and%20Theory%20Y | Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who create... | Theory X and Theory Y | [
"Biology"
] | 1,616 | [
"Behavior",
"Organizational behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
985,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20extraction | Vacuum extraction (VE), also known as ventouse, is a method to assist delivery of a baby using a vacuum device. It is used in the second stage of labor if it has not progressed adequately. It may be an alternative to a forceps delivery and caesarean section. It cannot be used when the baby is in the breech position or... | Vacuum extraction | [
"Biology"
] | 759 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
985,897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derived%20category | In mathematics, the derived category D(A) of an abelian category A is a construction of homological algebra introduced to refine and in a certain sense to simplify the theory of derived functors defined on A. The construction proceeds on the basis that the objects of D(A) should be chain complexes in A, with two such ... | Derived category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,282 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Categories in category theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
985,959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifelong%20learning | Lifelong learning is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of learning for either personal or professional reasons.
Lifelong learning is important for an individual's competitiveness and employability, but also enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development.
Professions typica... | Lifelong learning | [
"Biology"
] | 2,200 | [
"Personal development",
"Behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
985,963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM%20model | The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components:
a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy;
the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM;
ordinary matter.
It is the current standard model of Big Ba... | Lambda-CDM model | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 6,638 | [
"Dark matter",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Physical quantities",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Energy (physics)",
"Exotic matter",
"Dark energy",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Matter"
] |
986,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytolysis | Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell. Water can enter the cell by diffusion through the cell membrane or through selective membrane channels called aquaporins, which greatly facilitate the flow of water. It occurs in a h... | Cytolysis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 274 | [
"Membrane biology",
"Cell biology",
"Molecular biology"
] |
986,029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%20CP%20problem | The strong CP problem is a question in particle physics, which brings up the following quandary: why does quantum chromodynamics (QCD) seem to preserve CP-symmetry?
In particle physics, CP stands for the combination of C-symmetry (charge conjugation symmetry) and P-symmetry (parity symmetry). According to the current ... | Strong CP problem | [
"Physics"
] | 1,091 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics"
] |
986,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20oxide%20eugenol | Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) is a material created by the combination of zinc oxide and eugenol contained in clove oil. An acid–base reaction takes place with the formation of zinc eugenolate chelate. The reaction is catalysed by water and is accelerated by the presence of metal salts. ZOE can be used as a dental filling m... | Zinc oxide eugenol | [
"Physics"
] | 850 | [
"Materials",
"Dental materials",
"Matter"
] |
986,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-tuning%20%28physics%29 | In theoretical physics, fine-tuning is the process in which parameters of a model must be adjusted very precisely in order to fit with certain observations.
Theories requiring fine-tuning are regarded as problematic in the absence of a known mechanism to explain why the parameters happen to have precisely the observed... | Fine-tuning (physics) | [
"Physics"
] | 444 | [
"Theoretical physics"
] |
986,096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20surface | In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is the surface in reciprocal space which separates occupied electron states from unoccupied electron states at zero temperature. The shape of the Fermi surface is derived from the periodicity and symmetry of the crystalline lattice and from the occupation of electronic en... | Fermi surface | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,617 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
986,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peccei%E2%80%93Quinn%20theory | In particle physics, the Peccei–Quinn theory is a well-known, long-standing proposal for the resolution of the strong CP problem formulated by Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn in 1977. The theory introduces a new anomalous symmetry to the Standard Model along with a new scalar field which spontaneously breaks the symmet... | Peccei–Quinn theory | [
"Physics"
] | 1,023 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
986,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-gram | An n-gram is a sequence of n adjacent symbols in particular order. The symbols may be n adjacent letters (including punctuation marks and blanks), syllables, or rarely whole words found in a language dataset; or adjacent phonemes extracted from a speech-recording dataset, or adjacent base pairs extracted from a genome.... | N-gram | [
"Technology"
] | 786 | [
"Natural language processing",
"Natural language and computing",
"Computational linguistics"
] |
986,353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20leakage | Information leakage happens whenever a system that is designed to be closed to an eavesdropper reveals some information to unauthorized parties nonetheless. In other words: Information leakage occurs when secret information correlates with, or can be correlated with, observable information. For example, when designing ... | Information leakage | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 448 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
986,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair%20dryer | A hair dryer (the handheld type also referred to as a blow dryer) is an electromechanical device that blows ambient air in hot or warm settings for styling or drying hair. Hair dryers enable better control over the shape and style of hair, by accelerating and controlling the formation of temporary hydrogen bonds within... | Hair dryer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,444 | [
"Machines",
"Chemical equipment",
"Dryers",
"Physical systems",
"Home appliances"
] |
986,434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krang | Krang (also spelled Kraang) is a supervillain appearing in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles-related media, most frequently in the 1987 animated series and its associated merchandise, such as the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures comic book and many TMNT video games. The character has endured as one of the franchise's... | Krang | [
"Biology"
] | 3,388 | [
"Fiction about cyborgs",
"Cyborgs"
] |
986,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%20paper | Tar paper, roofing paper, felt paper, underlayment, or roofing tar paper is a heavy-duty paper used in construction. Tar paper is made by impregnating paper with tar, producing a waterproof material useful for roof construction. Tar paper is similar to roofing felt, historically a felt-like fabric made from recycled r... | Tar paper | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 578 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Structural system",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Roofs",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
986,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20test | A drug test (also often toxicology screen or tox screen) is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites. Major applications of drug testing include detection of the ... | Drug test | [
"Chemistry"
] | 7,377 | [
"Drug control law",
"Regulation of chemicals"
] |
986,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic%20method%20%28combinatorics%29 | In combinatorics, the symbolic method is a technique for counting combinatorial objects. It uses the internal structure of the objects to derive formulas for their generating functions. The method is mostly associated with Philippe Flajolet and is detailed in Part A of his book with Robert Sedgewick, Analytic Combina... | Symbolic method (combinatorics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,506 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
987,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial%20class | In mathematics, a combinatorial class is a countable set of mathematical objects, together with a size function mapping each object to a non-negative integer, such that there are finitely many objects of each size.
Counting sequences and isomorphism
The counting sequence of a combinatorial class is the sequence of the... | Combinatorial class | [
"Mathematics"
] | 607 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
987,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20cross-platform%20instant%20messaging%20clients | The landscape for instant messaging involves cross-platform instant messaging clients that can handle one or multiple protocols. Clients that use the same protocol can typically federate and talk to one another. The following table compares general and technical information for cross-platform instant messaging clients ... | Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients | [
"Technology"
] | 620 | [
"Social software",
"Mobile content",
"Online services comparisons",
"Computing comparisons",
"Instant messaging clients",
"Instant messaging"
] |
987,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnacon | The bonnacon (also called bonasus or bonacho) () is a legendary creature described as a bull with inward-curving horns and a horse-like mane.
Medieval bestiaries usually depict its fur as reddish-brown or black. Because its horns were useless for self-defense, the bonnacon was said to expel large amounts of caustic fe... | Bonnacon | [
"Biology"
] | 440 | [
"Excretion",
"Defecation"
] |
987,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing%20sugar | A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent. In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone, which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent. In such a reaction, the sugar becomes a carboxylic acid.
All monosaccharides are reducing ... | Reducing sugar | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,029 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Carbohydrates",
"Natural products",
"Biochemistry",
"Organic compounds",
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"Chemical synthesis",
"Biomolecules",
"Structural biology",
"Glycobiology",
"nan",
"Molecular biology"
] |
987,490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash%20bar | A crash bar (also known as a panic exit device, panic bar, or bump bar) is a type of door opening mechanism which allows users to open a door by pushing a bar. While originally conceived as a way to prevent crowd crushing in an emergency, crash bars are now used as the primary door opening mechanism in many commercial ... | Crash bar | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,200 | [
"Building engineering",
"Fire protection"
] |
987,492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20browning | Browning is the process of food turning brown due to the chemical reactions that take place within. The process of browning is one of the chemical reactions that take place in food chemistry and represents an interesting research topic regarding health, nutrition, and food technology. Though there are many different wa... | Food browning | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,620 | [
"Biochemistry",
"nan"
] |
987,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20safety | Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce destruction caused by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are intended to prevent the ignition of an uncontrolled fire and those that are used to limit the spread and impact of a fire.
Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the constr... | Fire safety | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,720 | [
"Building engineering",
"Fire protection"
] |
987,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmattan | The Harmattan is a season in West Africa that occurs between the end of November and the middle of March. It is characterized by the dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind, of the same name, which blows from the Sahara over West Africa into the Gulf of Guinea. The name is related to the word in the Twi language. The t... | Harmattan | [
"Physics"
] | 583 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena",
"Seasons"
] |
987,604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobin%27s%20q | Tobin's q (or the q ratio, and Kaldor's v), is the ratio between a physical asset's market value and its replacement value. It was first introduced by Nicholas Kaldor in 1966 in his paper: Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani. It was popularised a de... | Tobin's q | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,088 | [
"Financial ratios",
"Quantity",
"Metrics"
] |
987,792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlow%27s%20wheel | Barlow's wheel was an early demonstration of a homopolar motor, designed and built by English mathematician and physicist, Peter Barlow in 1822. It consists of a star-shaped wheel free to turn suspended over a trough of the liquid metal mercury, with the points dipping into the mercury, between the poles of a horseshoe... | Barlow's wheel | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 675 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Engines",
"Electric motors"
] |
987,847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon%20Bochner | Salomon Bochner (20 August 1899 – 2 May 1982) was a Galizien-born mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis, probability theory and differential geometry.
Life
He was born into a Jewish family in Podgórze (near Kraków), then Austria-Hungary, now Poland. Fearful of a Russian invasion in Galicia at the begi... | Salomon Bochner | [
"Mathematics"
] | 644 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysts"
] |
987,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Food%20of%20the%20Gods%20and%20How%20It%20Came%20to%20Earth | The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells that was first published in 1904. Wells called it "a fantasia on the change of scale in human affairs. ... I had hit upon [the idea] while working out the possibilities of the near future in a book of speculations called Anticipatio... | The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,562 | [
"Fiction about size change",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Size"
] |
987,959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%20matrix | In linear algebra, the Gram matrix (or Gramian matrix, Gramian) of a set of vectors in an inner product space is the Hermitian matrix of inner products, whose entries are given by the inner product . If the vectors are the columns of matrix then the Gram matrix is in the general case that the vector coordinates are... | Gram matrix | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,665 | [
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Mathematical objects"
] |
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