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15,988,913
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripping%20%28chemistry%29
Stripping is a physical separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream. In industrial applications the liquid and vapor streams can have co-current or countercurrent flows. Stripping is usually carried out in either a packed or trayed column. Theory Stripping works...
Stripping (chemistry)
[ "Chemistry" ]
1,166
[ "nan", "Separation processes" ]
15,989,048
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft%20Systems%20and%20Controls%20Lab
The Space Systems and Control Lab (SSCL), is a laboratory based at Iowa State University (ISU) in Ames, IA. SSCL focuses on space systems and has a massive number of independent projects. Within its department, the SSCL also has an AABL Wind and Gust Tunnel, Anechoic Chamber, Icing Tunnel, Neutral Buoyancy Tank, Rotati...
Spacecraft Systems and Controls Lab
[ "Astronomy" ]
672
[ "Space exploration", "Outer space" ]
15,989,478
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur%20radio%20propagation%20beacon
An amateur radio propagation beacon is a radio beacon, whose purpose is the investigation of the propagation of radio signals. Most radio propagation beacons use amateur radio frequencies. They can be found on LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave frequencies. Microwave beacons are also used as signal sources to test ...
Amateur radio propagation beacon
[ "Physics" ]
1,632
[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
15,990,144
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libin%20Cardiovascular%20Institute
The Libin Cardiovascular Institute is an entity of Alberta Health Services and the University of Calgary. It connects all cardiovascular research, education and patient care in Southern Alberta, serving a population of about two million. Its more than 1,500 members include physicians, clinicians and other health profe...
Libin Cardiovascular Institute
[ "Chemistry" ]
974
[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Magnetic resonance imaging" ]
15,990,232
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20management%20of%20high-power%20LEDs
High power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can use 350 milliwatts or more in a single LED. Most of the electricity in an LED becomes heat rather than light – about 70% heat and 30% light. If this heat is not removed, the LEDs run at high temperatures, which not only lowers their efficiency, but also makes the LED less r...
Thermal management of high-power LEDs
[ "Materials_science" ]
2,490
[ "Semiconductor technology", "Microtechnology" ]
15,990,281
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-and-plank
The method of building wooden buildings with a traditional timber frame with horizontal plank or log infill has many names, the most common of which are piece sur piece (French. Also used to describe log building), corner post construction, post-and-plank, Ständerbohlenbau (German) and skiftesverk (Swedish). This tradi...
Post-and-plank
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
1,230
[ "Structural system", "Structural engineering", "Timber framing", "Building engineering" ]
15,991,162
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20vitro%20compartmentalization
In vitro compartmentalization (IVC) is an emulsion-based technology that generates cell-like compartments in vitro. These compartments are designed such that each contains no more than one gene. When the gene is transcribed and/or translated, its products (RNAs and/or proteins) become 'trapped' with the encoding gene ...
In vitro compartmentalization
[ "Biology" ]
1,919
[ "nan", "Biotechnology" ]
15,991,282
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missions%20H%C3%A9liographiques
Missions Héliographiques was a 19th-century project to photograph landmarks and monuments around France so that they could be restored. The project was established by Prosper Mérimée, France's Inspector General of Historical Monuments and author of Carmen, in 1851. The intent was to supplement Monument historique, a ...
Missions Héliographiques
[ "Engineering" ]
259
[ "Architectural history", "Architecture" ]
15,991,422
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic%20hemoglobin
The human embryonic haemoglobins were discovered in 1961. These include Hb-Gower 1, consisting of 2 zeta chains and 2 epsilon chains, and Hb-Gower 2, which consists of 2 αlpha-chains and 2 epsilon-chains, the zeta and epsilon chains being the embryonic haemoglobin chains. Embryonic hemoglobin is a tetramer produced in...
Embryonic hemoglobin
[ "Chemistry" ]
558
[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Protein stubs" ]
15,991,827
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotone
A biotone is a biogeographical region characterized not by distinctive biota but rather by a distinctive transition from one set of biota to another. They often contain the limits of distribution of the biota of neighbouring regions. Biotones are especially useful in marine biogeography, where the movement of water ma...
Biotone
[ "Biology" ]
185
[ "Biogeography" ]
15,991,830
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B8rmer%20number
In mathematics, a Størmer number or arc-cotangent irreducible number is a positive integer for which the greatest prime factor of is greater than or equal to . They are named after Carl Størmer. Sequence The first few Størmer numbers are: Density John Todd proved that this sequence is neither finite nor cofinite. ...
Størmer number
[ "Mathematics" ]
258
[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
15,992,030
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20number
In mathematics, a Gregory number, named after James Gregory, is a real number of the form: where x is any rational number greater or equal to 1. Considering the power series expansion for arctangent, we have Setting x = 1 gives the well-known Leibniz formula for pi. Thus, in particular, is a Gregory number. ...
Gregory number
[ "Mathematics" ]
85
[ "Number theory stubs", "Number theory" ]
15,993,881
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000%20Genomes%20Project
The 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP), taken place from January 2008 to 2015, was an international research effort to establish the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation at the time. Scientists planned to sequence the genomes of at least one thousand anonymous healthy participants from a number of different ethn...
1000 Genomes Project
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]
1,712
[ "Biological engineering", "Single-nucleotide polymorphisms", "Bioinformatics", "Biodiversity", "Molecular biology", "Genome projects", "Human genome projects" ]
15,994,159
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater%20acoustic%20communication
Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving messages in water. There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is by using hydrophones. Underwater communication is difficult due to factors such as multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small avai...
Underwater acoustic communication
[ "Physics" ]
1,809
[ "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics" ]
15,994,978
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HotHardware
HotHardware is an online publication about computer hardware, consumer electronics and related technologies, mobile computing and PC gaming. It regularly features coverage of new products and technologies from vendors including Intel, Dell, AMD, and NVIDIA. "Daily Hardware Round-ups" also offer reviews and news submit...
HotHardware
[ "Technology" ]
154
[ "Computing websites" ]
15,995,078
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMRI%20adaptation
Functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation (FMRIa) is a method of functional magnetic resonance imaging that reads the brain changes occurring in response to long exposure to evocative stimulus. If Stimulus 1 (S1) excites a certain neuronal population, repeated exposure to S1 will result in subsequently attenuate...
FMRI adaptation
[ "Chemistry" ]
180
[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs", "Nuclear chemistry stubs", "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Magnetic resonance imaging" ]
15,995,094
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanese%20art
Bhutanese art (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྱུ་རྩལ) is similar to Tibetan art. Both are based upon Vajrayana Buddhism and its pantheon of teachers and divine beings. The major orders of Buddhism in Bhutan are the Drukpa Lineage and the Nyingma. The former is a branch of the Kagyu school and is known for paintings documenting...
Bhutanese art
[ "Physics" ]
3,325
[ "Religious objects", "Physical objects", "Matter" ]
15,995,191
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoradio
A nanoradio (also called carbon nanotube radio) is a nanotechnology acting as a radio transmitter and receiver by using carbon nanotubes. One of the first nanoradios was constructed in 2007 by researchers under Alex Zettl at the University of California, Berkeley where they successfully transmitted an audio signal. Due...
Nanoradio
[ "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]
1,004
[ "Information and communications technology", "Radio electronics", "Telecommunications engineering", "Radio technology", "Nanoelectronics", "Nanotechnology" ]
15,995,267
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylitol%20pentanitrate
Xylitol pentanitrate (XPN) is a nitrated ester primary explosive first synthesized in 1891 by Gabriel Bertrand. Law enforcement has taken an interest in XPN along with erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) due to their ease of synthesis, which makes them accessible to amateur chemists an...
Xylitol pentanitrate
[ "Chemistry" ]
401
[ "Explosive chemicals" ]
15,996,046
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol%20S
Bisphenol S (BPS, dioxydiphenylsulfone) is an organic compound with the formula . It has two phenol functional groups on either side of a sulfonyl group. It is commonly used in curing fast-drying epoxy resin adhesives. It is classified as a bisphenol, and a close molecular analog of bisphenol A (BPA). BPS differentia...
Bisphenol S
[ "Chemistry" ]
2,515
[ "Endocrine disruptors" ]
15,996,507
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo%20fitting
A banjo fitting is actually called a hose connecting bolt, or internally relieved bolt, and a spherical union for fluid transfer. See DIN 7643. It is typically used to connect a fluid line to a rigid, internally threaded hydraulic component. The bolt is assembled through the center of the union, usually with face seals...
Banjo fitting
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
297
[ "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
15,997,225
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20watershed%20topics
This list embraces topographical watersheds and drainage basins and other topics focused on them. Terms – different uses The source of a river or stream is the furthest place from its estuary or confluence with another river, and is alternatively known as a "watershed" and/or "headwaters" in some countries. The conflu...
List of watershed topics
[ "Environmental_science" ]
467
[ "Hydrology", "Drainage basins" ]
15,997,468
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylic%20acid
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA; trade name Carbomer) is a polymer with the formula (CH2−CHCO2H)n. It is a derivative of acrylic acid (CH2=CHCO2H). In addition to the homopolymers, a variety of copolymers and crosslinked polymers, and partially deprotonated derivatives thereof, are known and of commercial value. In a water sol...
Polyacrylic acid
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]
1,170
[ "Polymers", "Polymer chemistry" ]
16,000,580
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation%20Model%20Portability
The Simulation Model Portability is a standard for simulation models developed by ESA together with various stakeholders in the European Space Industry. The first version, also known as SMI standard, was implemented in SIMSAT and EuroSim, simulator infrastructures in use at various ESA locations. The second version, a...
Simulation Model Portability
[ "Astronomy" ]
325
[ "Outer space stubs", "Outer space", "Astronomy stubs" ]
16,000,973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-40-07
E-40-07 is the code for the ECSS standard titled Simulation Model Portability. This standard builds upon the SMP2 standard version 1.2, released on October 28, 2005 by ESA. The first issue of the E-40-07 standard was published on 2020-03-02 and is available at the ecss.nl website References Space standards
E-40-07
[ "Astronomy" ]
76
[ "Outer space stubs", "Outer space", "Astronomy stubs" ]
7,161,512
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20cryptographic%20file%20systems
This is a list of filesystems with support for filesystem-level encryption. Not to be confused with full-disk encryption. General-purpose filesystems with encryption AdvFS on Digital Tru64 UNIX Novell Storage Services on Novell NetWare and Linux NTFS with Encrypting File System (EFS) for Microsoft Windows ZFS sinc...
List of cryptographic file systems
[ "Technology" ]
232
[ "Computing-related lists", "Cryptography lists and comparisons" ]
7,162,263
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System-specific%20impulse
System-specific Impulse, Issp is a measure that describes performance of jet propulsion systems. A reference number is introduced, which defines the total impulse, Itot, delivered by the system, divided by the system mass, mPS: Issp=Itot/mPS Because of the resulting dimension, - delivered impulse per kilogram of syst...
System-specific impulse
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
328
[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Classical mechanics", "Mechanics", "Physical properties" ]
7,162,550
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20Winsemius
Pieter Winsemius (born 7 March 1942) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and businessman. Winsemius worked as a researcher at the Leiden University from February 1966 until October 1970 and as a management consultant at the McKinsey & Company from October 1970 until Nove...
Pieter Winsemius
[ "Environmental_science" ]
1,008
[ "Environmental social scientists", "Environmental social science" ]
7,162,656
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20triangulation
Stellar triangulation is a method of geodesy and of its subdiscipline space geodesy used to measure Earth's geometric shape. Stars were first used for this purpose by the Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä in 1959, who made astrometric photographs of the night sky at two stations together with a lighted balloon probe betw...
Stellar triangulation
[ "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]
941
[ "Applied mathematics", "Geodesy", "Astrometry", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
7,162,744
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20Imaging%20Science%20and%20Technology
The Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) is a professional society (a type of research and education organization) in the field of photography. Founded in 1947 as the Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers (SPSE), it is headquartered in Springfield, Virginia. In 2018 it had about 850 members worl...
Society for Imaging Science and Technology
[ "Engineering" ]
202
[ "Engineering societies" ]
7,162,957
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RaceCam
RaceCam is a video camera system used primarily in motor racing, which uses a network of car-mounted cameras, microwave radio transmitters, and relays from helicopters to send live images from inside a race car to both pit crews and television audiences. History Although a vehicle-mounted 16mm motion picture camera wa...
RaceCam
[ "Technology" ]
1,270
[ "Recording devices", "Cameras" ]
7,163,283
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippled%20glass
Rippled glass refers to textured glass with marked surface waves. Louis Comfort Tiffany made use of such textured glass to represent, for example, water or leaf veins. The texture is created during the glass sheet-forming process. A sheet is formed from molten glass with a roller that spins on itself, while travellin...
Rippled glass
[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]
200
[ "Glass architecture", "Glass engineering and science" ]
7,163,297
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen-17
Oxygen-17 (17O) is a low-abundance, natural, stable isotope of oxygen (0.0373% in seawater; approximately twice as abundant as deuterium). As the only stable isotope of oxygen possessing a nuclear spin (+5/2) and a favorable characteristic of field-independent relaxation in liquid water, 17O enables NMR studies of oxi...
Oxygen-17
[ "Chemistry" ]
360
[ "Isotopes of oxygen", "Environmental isotopes", "Isotopes" ]
7,163,587
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor%20bolt
Anchor bolts are used to connect structural and non-structural elements to concrete. The connection can be made by a variety of different components: anchor bolts (also named fasteners), steel plates, or stiffeners. Anchor bolts transfer different types of load: tension forces and shear forces. A connection between s...
Anchor bolt
[ "Engineering" ]
2,148
[ "Structural engineering", "Structural connectors" ]
7,163,828
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%20sheathing
Copper sheathing is a method for protecting the hull of a wooden vessel from attack by shipworm, barnacles and other marine growth through the use of copper plates affixed to the surface of the hull, below the waterline. It was pioneered and developed by the Royal Navy during the 18th century. In antiquity, ancient Ch...
Copper sheathing
[ "Engineering" ]
2,640
[ "Shipbuilding", "Marine engineering" ]
7,164,750
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl%20carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH3)2. It is a colourless, flammable liquid. It is classified as a carbonate ester. This compound has found use as a methylating agent and as a co-solvent in lithium-ion batteries. Notably, dimethyl carbonate is a weak methylating agent, and is not ...
Dimethyl carbonate
[ "Chemistry" ]
1,202
[ "Methylation", "Methylating agents" ]
7,165,122
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False%20keel
The false keel was a timber, forming part of the hull of a wooden sailing ship. Typically thick for a 74-gun ship in the 19th century, the false keel was constructed in several pieces, which were scarfed together, and attached to the underside of the keel by iron staples. The false keel was intended to protect the mai...
False keel
[ "Engineering" ]
108
[ "Shipbuilding", "Marine engineering" ]
7,166,138
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth%20Art%20Gallery
Perth Art Gallery is the principal art gallery and exhibition space in the city of Perth, Scotland. It is located partly in the Marshall Monument, named in memory of Thomas Hay Marshall, a former provost of Perth. The building was formerly known as Perth Museum and Art Gallery, ceasing to be so in anticipation of the ...
Perth Art Gallery
[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]
492
[ "Glass engineering and science", "Glass museums and galleries" ]
7,166,412
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Area%20Reference%20System
The Global Area Reference System (GARS) is a standardized geospatial reference system developed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) for use across the United States Department of Defense. Under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction CJCSI 3900.01C dated 30 June 2007, GARS was adopted for...
Global Area Reference System
[ "Mathematics" ]
660
[ "Geographic coordinate systems", "Coordinate systems" ]
7,167,202
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential-Golomb%20coding
An exponential-Golomb code (or just Exp-Golomb code) is a type of universal code. To encode any nonnegative integer x using the exp-Golomb code: Write down x+1 in binary Count the bits written, subtract one, and write that number of starting zero bits preceding the previous bit string. The first few values of the ...
Exponential-Golomb coding
[ "Mathematics" ]
685
[ "Numeral systems", "Mathematical objects", "Numbers" ]
7,167,651
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumocystis%20jirovecii
Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously P. carinii) is a yeast-like fungus of the genus Pneumocystis. The causative organism of Pneumocystis pneumonia, it is an important human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised hosts. Prior to its discovery as a human-specific pathogen, P. jirovecii was known as P. carinii. Li...
Pneumocystis jirovecii
[ "Biology" ]
2,176
[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
7,167,911
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelletizing
Pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a pellet. A wide range of different materials are pelletized including chemicals, iron ore, animal compound feed, plastics, waste materials, and more. The process is considered an excellent option for the storage and transport of said mat...
Pelletizing
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]
1,349
[ "Metallurgical processes", "Metallurgy" ]
7,168,569
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20acoustic%20microscope
A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is a device which uses focused sound to investigate, measure, or image an object (a process called scanning acoustic tomography). It is commonly used in failure analysis and non-destructive evaluation. It also has applications in biological and medical research. The semiconductor in...
Scanning acoustic microscope
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]
1,639
[ "Classical mechanics", "Measuring instruments", "Acoustics", "Microscopes", "Microscopy" ]
7,168,628
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Centric%20Operations%20Industry%20Consortium
The Network Centric Operations Industry Consortium (NCOIC) is an international not-for-profit, chartered in the United States, whose goal is to facilitate the adoption of cross-domain interoperability standards. Formed in September 2004, the organization is composed of more than 50 members and advisors representing bu...
Network Centric Operations Industry Consortium
[ "Technology" ]
632
[ "Information technology", "Information technology organizations" ]
7,168,931
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%20of%20force%20continuum
A use of force continuum is a standard that provides law enforcement officers and civilians with guidelines as to how much force may be used against a resisting or compliant subject in a given situation. In some ways, it is similar to the U.S. military's escalation of force (EOF). The purpose of these models is to clar...
Use of force continuum
[ "Biology" ]
1,983
[ "Behavior", "Aggression", "Human behavior", "Violence" ]
7,169,703
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogh%27s%20principle
Krogh's principle states that "for such a large number of problems there will be some animal of choice, or a few such animals, on which it can be most conveniently studied." This concept is central to those disciplines of biology that rely on the comparative method, such as neuroethology, comparative physiology, and mo...
Krogh's principle
[ "Biology" ]
1,291
[ "Ethology", "Behavior", "Neuroethology", "Biology theories" ]
7,170,399
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal%20dominant%20nocturnal%20frontal%20lobe%20epilepsy
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an epileptic disorder that causes frequent violent seizures during sleep. These seizures often involve complex motor movements, such as hand clenching, arm raising/lowering, and knee bending. Vocalizations such as shouting, moaning, or crying are also commo...
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
[ "Biology" ]
1,106
[ "Behavior", "Sleep", "Sleep disorders" ]
7,170,579
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophoresis
Thermophoresis (also thermomigration, thermodiffusion, the Soret effect, or the Ludwig–Soret effect) is a phenomenon observed in mixtures of mobile particles where the different particle types exhibit different responses to the force of a temperature gradient. This phenomenon tends to move light molecules to hot region...
Thermophoresis
[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]
1,222
[ "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics", "Aerosols", "Colloids", "Dynamical systems" ]
7,170,877
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzeneselenol
Benzeneselenol, also known as selenophenol, is the organoselenium compound with the chemical formula , often abbreviated PhSeH. It is the selenium analog of phenol. This colourless, malodorous compound is a reagent in organic synthesis. Synthesis Benzeneselenol is prepared by the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide an...
Benzeneselenol
[ "Chemistry" ]
466
[ "Reagents for organic chemistry" ]
7,171,253
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-ended%20primary-inductor%20converter
The single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) is a type of DC/DC converter that allows the electrical potential (voltage) at its output to be greater than, less than, or equal to that at its input. The output of the SEPIC is controlled by the duty cycle of the electronic switch (S1). A SEPIC is essentially a boo...
Single-ended primary-inductor converter
[ "Physics" ]
1,822
[ "Voltage", "Physical quantities", "Voltage regulation" ]
9,312,326
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20graph
In mathematics and computational geometry, the Gabriel graph of a set of points in the Euclidean plane expresses one notion of proximity or nearness of those points. Formally, it is the graph with vertex set in which any two distinct points and are adjacent precisely when the closed disc having as a diameter con...
Gabriel graph
[ "Mathematics" ]
381
[ "Planes (geometry)", "Euclidean plane geometry" ]
9,312,350
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element%20distinctness%20problem
In computational complexity theory, the element distinctness problem or element uniqueness problem is the problem of determining whether all the elements of a list are distinct. It is a well studied problem in many different models of computation. The problem may be solved by sorting the list and then checking if ther...
Element distinctness problem
[ "Mathematics" ]
621
[ "Mathematical problems", "Computational problems", "Polynomial-time problems" ]
9,312,650
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawl%20space
A crawl space or crawlspace is an unoccupied, unfinished, narrow space within a building, between the ground and the first (or ground) floor. The crawl space is so named because there is typically only enough room to crawl rather than stand; anything larger than about and beneath the ground floor would tend to be cons...
Crawl space
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
960
[ "Building engineering", "Construction", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Architecture" ]
9,313,361
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASBA%20%28molecular%20biology%29
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, commonly referred to as NASBA, is a method in molecular biology which is used to produce multiple copies of single stranded RNA. NASBA is a two-step process that takes RNA and anneals specially designed primers, then utilizes an enzyme cocktail to amplify it. Background Nucl...
NASBA (molecular biology)
[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Biology" ]
1,049
[ "Biochemistry", "Amplifiers", "Molecular biology" ]
9,313,819
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Tholey
Paul Tholey (14 March 1937 – 7 December 1998) was a German Gestalt psychologist, and a professor of psychology and sports science at the University of Frankfurt and the Technical University of Braunschweig. Tholey started the study of oneirology in an attempt to prove that dreams occur in color. Given the unreliabilit...
Paul Tholey
[ "Biology" ]
550
[ "Sleep researchers", "Behavior", "Sleep" ]
9,314,644
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20problem%20%28algorithms%29
Dynamic problems in computational complexity theory are problems stated in terms of changing input data. In its most general form, a problem in this category is usually stated as follows: Given a class of input objects, find efficient algorithms and data structures to answer a certain query about a set of input object...
Dynamic problem (algorithms)
[ "Technology" ]
486
[ "Computing stubs", "Computer science", "Computer science stubs" ]
9,314,943
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinbergen%27s%20four%20questions
Tinbergen's four questions, named after 20th century biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, are complementary categories of explanations for animal behaviour. These are also commonly referred to as levels of analysis. It suggests that an integrative understanding of behaviour must include ultimate (evolutionary) explanations, ...
Tinbergen's four questions
[ "Biology" ]
2,997
[ "Behavior", "Behavioral ecology", "Behavioural sciences", "Sociobiology", "Ethology" ]
9,315,181
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita%20velosa
Amanita velosa, commonly known as the springtime amanita, or bittersweet orange ringless amanita is a species of agaric found in California, as well as southern Oregon and Baja California. Although a prized edible mushroom, it bears similarities to some deadly poisonous species. Description It is part of Amanita secti...
Amanita velosa
[ "Biology" ]
697
[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
9,315,192
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal%20sequence
In mathematics, a fractal sequence is one that contains itself as a proper subsequence. An example is 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... If the first occurrence of each n is deleted, the remaining sequence is identical to the original. The process can be repeated indefinitely, so tha...
Fractal sequence
[ "Mathematics" ]
587
[ "Sequences and series", "Functions and mappings", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical analysis", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Fractals", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical relations", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
9,315,206
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita%20ocreata
Amanita ocreata, commonly known as the death angel, destroying angel, angel of death or more precisely western North American destroying angel, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. The large fruiting bodies (the mushrooms) generally appear in spring; the cap may be white or ochr...
Amanita ocreata
[ "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]
2,200
[ "Poisonous fungi", "Fungi", "Toxicology", "Fungus species" ]
9,315,395
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametricity
In programming language theory, parametricity is an abstract uniformity property enjoyed by parametrically polymorphic functions, which captures the intuition that all instances of a polymorphic function act the same way. Idea Consider this example, based on a set X and the type T(X) = [X → X] of functions from X to...
Parametricity
[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
608
[ "Polymorphism (computer science)", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical logic", "Mathematical objects", "Type theory", "Software engineering", "Programming language topics" ]
9,317,055
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed%20fuel%20injection
Programmed Fuel Injection, or PGMFI/PGM-FI, is the name given by Honda to a proprietary digital electronic multi-point injection system for internal combustion engines. It has been available since the early 1980s. This system has been used in motorcycles, automobiles, and outboard motors. History With its origins begi...
Programmed fuel injection
[ "Technology" ]
280
[ "Motorcycle engines", "Engines" ]
9,318,403
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20brothers%27%20inequality
In mathematics, the Markov brothers' inequality is an inequality, proved in the 1890s by brothers Andrey Markov and Vladimir Markov, two Russian mathematicians. This inequality bounds the maximum of the derivatives of a polynomial on an interval in terms of the maximum of the polynomial. For k = 1 it was proved by Andr...
Markov brothers' inequality
[ "Mathematics" ]
177
[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical theorems", "Binary relations", "Mathematical relations", "Inequalities (mathematics)", "Mathematical problems" ]
9,318,685
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20proof
In mathematics, an elementary proof is a mathematical proof that only uses basic techniques. More specifically, the term is used in number theory to refer to proofs that make no use of complex analysis. Historically, it was once thought that certain theorems, like the prime number theorem, could only be proved by invok...
Elementary proof
[ "Mathematics" ]
440
[ "Elementary mathematics", "nan" ]
9,319,349
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpentier%20joint
A carpentier joint is a hinge consisting of several thin metal strips of curved cross section, similar in structure to retracting steel measuring tape, or some retractable radio antennas. It has two configurations: closed and open. The defining property of the joint is that it is self-opening, does not need mechanical...
Carpentier joint
[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]
267
[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Hardware (mechanical)", "Construction" ]
9,320,596
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carleman%27s%20inequality
Carleman's inequality is an inequality in mathematics, named after Torsten Carleman, who proved it in 1923 and used it to prove the Denjoy–Carleman theorem on quasi-analytic classes. Statement Let be a sequence of non-negative real numbers, then The constant (euler number) in the inequality is optimal, that is, th...
Carleman's inequality
[ "Mathematics" ]
433
[ "Binary relations", "Mathematical relations", "Inequalities (mathematics)", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems" ]
9,320,720
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional%20quantifier
In logic, a conditional quantifier is a kind of Lindström quantifier (or generalized quantifier) QA that, relative to a classical model A, satisfies some or all of the following conditions ("X" and "Y" range over arbitrary formulas in one free variable): (The implication arrow denotes material implication in the metal...
Conditional quantifier
[ "Mathematics" ]
377
[ "Basic concepts in set theory", "Predicate logic", "Quantifier (logic)", "Mathematical logic" ]
9,321,064
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeeBase
BeeBase was an online bioinformatics database that hosted data related to Apis mellifera, the European honey bee along with some pathogens and other species. It was developed in collaboration with the Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Consortium. In 2020 it was archived and replaced by the Hymenoptera Genome Database. Data ...
BeeBase
[ "Biology" ]
374
[ "Model organism databases", "Model organisms", "Genome projects" ]
9,321,146
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAL-TRIO%20domain
CRAL-TRIO domain is a protein structural domain that binds small lipophilic molecules. This domain is named after cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) and TRIO guanine exchange factor. CRALB protein carries 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde. It modulates interaction of retinoids with visual cycle enzy...
CRAL-TRIO domain
[ "Biology" ]
396
[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
9,321,714
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterol%20carrier%20protein
Sterol carrier proteins (also known as nonspecific lipid transfer proteins) is a family of proteins that transfer steroids and probably also phospholipids and gangliosides between cellular membranes. These proteins are different from plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins but structurally similar to small proteins ...
Sterol carrier protein
[ "Biology" ]
194
[ "Protein families", "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
9,322,003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest%20steppe
A forest steppe is a temperate-climate ecotone and habitat type composed of grassland interspersed with areas of woodland or forest. Locations Forest steppe primarily occurs in a belt of forest steppes across northern Eurasia from the eastern lowlands of Europe to eastern Siberia in northeast Asia. It forms transition...
Forest steppe
[ "Biology" ]
436
[ "Forests", "Grasslands", "Ecosystems" ]
9,322,242
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20conditions
In differential topology, a branch of mathematics, the Whitney conditions are conditions on a pair of submanifolds of a manifold introduced by Hassler Whitney in 1965. A stratification of a topological space is a finite filtration by closed subsets Fi , such that the difference between successive members Fi and F(i − ...
Whitney conditions
[ "Mathematics" ]
1,065
[ "Topology", "Differential topology", "Stratifications" ]
9,322,479
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlegmacium%20ponderosum
Phlegmacium ponderosum, also known as the Ponderous Cortinarius, is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It is very large and due to its thick stem it can be mistaken for Boletus edulis. Taxonomy It was described in 1939 by the American mycologist Alexander H. Smith who classified it a...
Phlegmacium ponderosum
[ "Biology" ]
421
[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
4,123,943
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doebner%E2%80%93Miller%20reaction
The Doebner–Miller reaction is the organic reaction of an aniline with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form quinolines. This reaction is also known as the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis, and is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850–1910), and the Germans Oscar Döbner (Doebner) (18...
Doebner–Miller reaction
[ "Chemistry" ]
607
[ "Name reactions", "Condensation reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
4,124,045
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceremonial%20use%20of%20lights
The ceremonial use of lights occurs in liturgies of various Christian Churches, as well as in Jewish, Zoroastrian, and Hindu rites and customs. Fire is used as an object of worship in many religions. Fire-worship still has its place in at least two of the great religions of the world. The Zoroastrians revere fire as t...
Ceremonial use of lights
[ "Physics", "Biology" ]
7,853
[ "Religious objects", "Behavior", "Physical objects", "Ritual", "Human behavior", "Matter" ]
4,124,553
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Grollo
Bruno Gordano Grollo (born 1942, Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian businessman, property developer, former Director of Grocon and is noted for his controversy surrounding the Swanston Street Wall incident on 29 March 2013. Bruno is the son of Luigi Grollo, who founded Grocon, one of Australia’s largest constructi...
Bruno Grollo
[ "Engineering" ]
2,896
[ "Construction and civil engineering companies", "Civil engineering organizations" ]
4,125,012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demjanov%20rearrangement
The Demjanov rearrangement is the chemical reaction of primary amines with nitrous acid to give rearranged alcohols. It involves substitution by a hydroxyl group with a possible ring expansion. It is named after the Russian chemist Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanov (Dem'anov, Demianov), who first reported it in 1903. React...
Demjanov rearrangement
[ "Chemistry" ]
632
[ "Name reactions", "Rearrangement reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
4,125,123
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg%E2%80%93Ritz%20combination%20principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is an empirical rule proposed by Walther Ritz in 1908 to describe the relationship of the spectral lines for all atoms, as a generalization of an earlier rule by Johannes Rydberg for the hydrogen atom and the alkali metals. The principle states that the spectral lines of any eleme...
Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
641
[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Emission spectroscopy", "Quantum mechanics", "Old quantum theory", "Spectroscopy" ]
4,126,613
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophyte
Pyrophytes are plants which have adapted to tolerate fire. Fire acts favourably for some species. "Passive pyrophytes" resist the effects of fire, particularly when it passes over quickly, and hence can out-compete less resistant plants, which are damaged. "Active pyrophytes" have a similar competing advantage to pass...
Pyrophyte
[ "Biology" ]
662
[ "Plant physiology", "Plants" ]
4,126,653
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%202915
NGC 2915 is a blue dwarf galaxy located 12 million light-years away in the southern constellation Chamaeleon, right on the edge of the Local Group. The optical galaxy corresponds to the core of a much larger spiral galaxy traced by radio observation of neutral hydrogen. The galaxy has a short central bar, much like th...
NGC 2915
[ "Astronomy" ]
170
[ "Chamaeleon", "Galaxy stubs", "Astronomy stubs", "Constellations" ]
4,126,880
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichroic%20glass
Dichroic glass is glass which can display multiple different colors depending on lighting conditions. One dichroic material is a modern composite non-translucent glass that is produced by stacking layers of metal oxides which give the glass shifting colors depending on the angle of view, causing an array of colors to ...
Dichroic glass
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
1,034
[ "Glass engineering and science", "Glass chemistry", "Planes (geometry)", "Glass compositions", "Glass physics", "Materials", "Optical materials", "Condensed matter physics", "Thin-film optics", "Thin films", "Matter" ]
4,127,125
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHP%20formalism
The GHP formalism (or Geroch–Held–Penrose formalism), also known as the compacted spin-coefficient formalism, is a technique used in the mathematics of general relativity that involves singling out a pair of null directions at each point of spacetime. It is a rewriting of the Newman–Penrose formalism which respects the...
GHP formalism
[ "Physics" ]
247
[ "Relativity stubs", "Theory of relativity" ]
4,127,308
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Veterinary%20Medicine
The Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) is a branch of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that regulates the manufacture and distribution of food, food additives, and drugs that will be given to animals. These include animals from which human foods are derived, as well as food additives and drugs for pets or ...
Center for Veterinary Medicine
[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]
1,230
[ "Biotechnology products", "Drug safety" ]
4,127,357
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian%20symmetric%20space
In mathematics, a Hermitian symmetric space is a Hermitian manifold which at every point has an inversion symmetry preserving the Hermitian structure. First studied by Élie Cartan, they form a natural generalization of the notion of Riemannian symmetric space from real manifolds to complex manifolds. Every Hermitian s...
Hermitian symmetric space
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
7,349
[ "Lie groups", "Mathematical structures", "Group actions", "Homogeneous spaces", "Space (mathematics)", "Topological spaces", "Algebraic structures", "Geometry", "Symmetry" ]
4,127,524
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSIX
The common switch interface (CSIX) is a physical interface specification between a traffic manager (network processor) and a switching fabric. It was developed by the Network Processing Forum to: promote development and deployment of highly scalable network switches permit hardware and software interoperability Ref...
CSIX
[ "Technology" ]
58
[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
4,127,667
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiotepa
Thiotepa (INN), sold under the brand name Tepadina among others, is an anti-cancer medication. Thiotepa is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H4N)3PS. Medical uses Thiotepa is indicated for use in combination with other chemotherapy agents to treat cancer. This can be with or without total body irradia...
Thiotepa
[ "Chemistry" ]
480
[ "Functional groups", "Thiophosphoryl compounds" ]
4,127,669
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kookaburra%20%28rocket%29
Kookaburra is an Australian sounding rocket used for atmospheric research. It was designed to be relatively inexpensive It took part in an international experiment in March 1970 with Britain and India to measure ozone levels and atmospheric temperature. The Kookaburra was launched 33 times in total before being retired...
Kookaburra (rocket)
[ "Astronomy" ]
94
[ "Rocketry stubs", "Astronomy stubs" ]
4,128,196
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20prairie
Urban prairie (or urban grassland) is vacant urban land that has reverted to green space. The definition can vary across countries and disciplines, but at its broadest encompasses meadows, lawns, and gardens, as well as public and private parks, vacant land, remnants of rural landscapes, and areas along transportation ...
Urban prairie
[ "Biology" ]
650
[ "Ecology" ]
4,128,358
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krull%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, and more specifically in ring theory, Krull's theorem, named after Wolfgang Krull, asserts that a nonzero ring has at least one maximal ideal. The theorem was proved in 1929 by Krull, who used transfinite induction. The theorem admits a simple proof using Zorn's lemma, and in fact is equivalent to Zor...
Krull's theorem
[ "Mathematics" ]
321
[ "Theorems in algebra", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems", "Algebra" ]
4,128,491
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot%20blot
A dot blot (or slot blot) is a technique in molecular biology used to detect proteins. It represents a simplification of the western blot method, with the exception that the proteins to be detected are not first separated by electrophoresis. Instead, the sample is applied directly on a membrane in a single spot, and th...
Dot blot
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]
398
[ "Genetics techniques", "Molecular biology techniques", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology" ]
4,128,619
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloralphenazone
Dichloralphenazone is a 1:2 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. In combination with paracetamol and isometheptene, it is the active ingredient of medications for migraine and tension headaches, including Epidrin and Midrin. Performance impairments are common with this drug and caution is advised, for example w...
Dichloralphenazone
[ "Biology" ]
154
[ "Hypnotics", "Behavior", "Sleep" ]
4,128,669
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20isotopes
The environmental isotopes are a subset of isotopes, both stable and radioactive, which are the object of isotope geochemistry. They are primarily used as tracers to see how things move around within the ocean-atmosphere system, within terrestrial biomes, within the Earth's surface, and between these broad domains. Is...
Environmental isotopes
[ "Chemistry" ]
3,227
[ "Environmental isotopes", "Isotopes" ]
4,128,720
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20module
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a cyclic module or monogenous module is a module over a ring that is generated by one element. The concept is a generalization of the notion of a cyclic group, that is, an Abelian group (i.e. Z-module) that is generated by one element. Definition A left R-module M ...
Cyclic module
[ "Mathematics" ]
376
[ "Fields of abstract algebra", "Module theory" ]
4,128,733
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bafilomycin
The bafilomycins are a family of macrolide antibiotics produced from a variety of Streptomycetes. Their chemical structure is defined by a 16-membered lactone ring scaffold. Bafilomycins exhibit a wide range of biological activity, including anti-tumor, anti-parasitic, immunosuppressant and anti-fungal activity. The mo...
Bafilomycin
[ "Biology" ]
5,125
[ "Antibiotics", "Biocides", "Biotechnology products" ]
4,128,748
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen-18
Oxygen-18 (, Ω) is a natural, stable isotope of oxygen and one of the environmental isotopes. is an important precursor for the production of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) used in positron emission tomography (PET). Generally, in the radiopharmaceutical industry, enriched water () is bombarded with hydrogen ions in either...
Oxygen-18
[ "Chemistry" ]
969
[ "Isotopes of oxygen", "Environmental isotopes", "Isotopes" ]
4,128,758
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaputra%20Valley%20semi-evergreen%20forests
The Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of Northeastern India, southern Bhutan and adjacent Bangladesh. Location and description The ecoregion covers and encompasses the alluvial plain of the upper Brahmaputra River as it moves westward through India's Assam state ...
Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
[ "Biology" ]
1,562
[ "Biota by country", "Biota of India", "Biota of Bhutan" ]
4,128,785
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fura-2-acetoxymethyl%20ester
Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester, often abbreviated Fura-2AM, is a membrane-permeant derivative of the ratiometric calcium indicator Fura-2 used in biochemistry to measure cellular calcium concentrations by fluorescence. When added to cells, Fura-2AM crosses cell membranes and once inside the cell, the acetoxymethyl groups a...
Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester
[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]
225
[ "Biochemistry methods", "Formals", "Biotechnology stubs", "Functional groups", "Biochemistry stubs", "Cell culture reagents", "Microscopy", "Biochemistry", "Reagents for biochemistry", "Cell imaging" ]
4,128,810
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeotopy
In algebraic topology, an area of mathematics, a homeotopy group of a topological space is a homotopy group of the group of self-homeomorphisms of that space. Definition The homotopy group functors assign to each path-connected topological space the group of homotopy classes of continuous maps Another constructio...
Homeotopy
[ "Mathematics" ]
226
[ "Homeomorphisms", "Algebraic topology", "Topology stubs", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Topology" ]
4,128,827
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamin
Dynamin is a GTPase protein responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamin is part of the "dynamin superfamily", which includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, Mx proteins, OPA1, mitofusins, and GBPs. Members of the dynamin family are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles...
Dynamin
[ "Biology" ]
717
[ "Cellular processes" ]
4,128,860
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine-36
Chlorine-36 (36Cl) is an isotope of chlorine. Chlorine has two stable isotopes and one naturally occurring radioactive isotope, the cosmogenic isotope 36Cl. Its half-life is 301,300 ± 1,500 years. 36Cl decays primarily (98%) by beta-minus decay to 36Ar, and the balance to 36S. Trace amounts of radioactive 36Cl exist ...
Chlorine-36
[ "Chemistry" ]
414
[ "Environmental isotopes", "Isotopes of chlorine", "Isotopes", "Radionuclides used in radiometric dating" ]