id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
values | section stringlengths 4 49 ⌀ | sublist stringclasses 9
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4109042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20signaling | Cell signaling | In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, th... | Biology and health sciences | Cell processes | null |
5482408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20louse | Body louse | The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus, also known as Pediculus humanus corporis) or the cootie is a hematophagic ectoparasite louse that infests humans. It is one of three lice which infest humans, the other two being the head louse, and the crab louse or pubic louse.
Body lice may lay eggs on the host hairs and ... | Biology and health sciences | Insects and other hexapods | null |
5485503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthopper | Planthopper | A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment and that they often "hop" for quick transportation in a similar way to that... | Biology and health sciences | Hemiptera (true bugs) | Animals |
5489512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20carbide | Aluminium carbide | Aluminium carbide, chemical formula Al4C3, is a carbide of aluminium. It has the appearance of pale yellow to brown crystals. It is stable up to 1400 °C. It decomposes in water with the production of methane.
Structure
Aluminium carbide has an unusual crystal structure that consists of alternating layers of Al2C and A... | Physical sciences | Carbide salts | Chemistry |
5489731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex%20hammer | Reflex hammer | A reflex hammer is a medical instrument used by practitioners to test deep tendon reflexes, the best known possibly being the patellar reflex. Testing for reflexes is an important part of the neurological physical examination in order to detect abnormalities in the central or peripheral nervous system.
Reflex hammers... | Technology | Devices | null |
44958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20tower | Water tower | A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize a distribution system for potable water, and to provide emergency storage for fire protection. Water towers often operate in conjunction with underground or surface service reservoirs, which store treated wat... | Technology | Food, water and health | null |
44968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood%20function | Likelihood function | A likelihood function (often simply called the likelihood) measures how well a statistical model explains observed data by calculating the probability of seeing that data under different parameter values of the model. It is constructed from the joint probability distribution of the random variable that (presumably) gen... | Mathematics | Specific functions | null |
45010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20shale | Oil shale | Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced. In addition to kerogen, general composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic substance and bitumens. Based on their deposition environment, oil... | Physical sciences | Petrology | null |
45022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20transformation | Natural transformation | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a natural transformation provides a way of transforming one functor into another while respecting the internal structure (i.e., the composition of morphisms) of the categories involved. Hence, a natural transformation can be considered to be a "morphism of functors". Informa... | Mathematics | Category theory | null |
45086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity | Biodiversity | Biodiversity is the variability of life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
45116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunokhod%201 | Lunokhod 1 | Lunokhod 1 (Russian: Луноход-1 "Moonwalker 1"), also known as Аппарат 8ЕЛ № 203 ("Device 8EL No. 203") was the first robotic rover on the Moon and the first to freely move across the surface of an astronomical object beyond the Earth. Sent by the Soviet Union it was part of the robotic rovers Lunokhod program. The Luna... | Technology | Rovers | null |
45145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%20sequence | Hubble sequence | The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning-fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork.
It was invented by John Henry Reynolds and Sir James Jeans.
T... | Physical sciences | Galaxy classification | Astronomy |
45148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-bit%20computing | 8-bit computing | In computer architecture, 8-bit integers or other data units are those that are 8 bits wide (1 octet). Also, 8-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers or data buses of that size. Memory addresses (and thus address buses) for 8-bit CPUs are ge... | Technology | Computer architecture concepts | null |
45159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivine | Olivine | The mineral olivine () is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula . It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate. The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface. Olivine has many uses, such as the gemstone peridot (or chr... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
45162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridot | Peridot | Peridot ( ), sometimes called chrysolite, is a yellow-green transparent variety of olivine. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color.
Peridot can be found in mafic and ultramafic rocks occurring in lava and peridotite xenoliths of the mantle. The gem occurs in silica-deficient rocks such as vol... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
45165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoclase | Orthoclase | Orthoclase, or orthoclase feldspar (endmember formula KAlSi3O8), is an important tectosilicate mineral which forms igneous rock. The name is from the Ancient Greek for "straight fracture", because its two cleavage planes are at right angles to each other. It is a type of potassium feldspar, also known as K-feldspar. Th... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
45166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcline | Microcline | Microcline (KAlSi3O8) is an important igneous rock-forming tectosilicate mineral. It is a potassium-rich alkali feldspar. Microcline typically contains minor amounts of sodium. It is common in granite and pegmatites. Microcline forms during slow cooling of orthoclase; it is more stable at lower temperatures than ortho... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
45168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagioclase | Plagioclase | Plagioclase ( ) is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group. Rather than referring to a particular mineral with a specific chemical composition, plagioclase is a continuous solid solution series, more properly known as the plagioclase feldspar series. This was first shown by th... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
45178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20%28computing%29 | Process (computing) | In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are rooted in an operating system (OS) process which comprises the program code, a... | Technology | Operating systems | null |
45194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lp%20space | Lp space | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Lp space}}
In mathematics, the spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the -norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue , although according to the Bourbaki group they were first introduced by Frigyes Rie... | Mathematics | Mathematical analysis | null |
45196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective%20function | Injective function | In mathematics, an injective function (also known as injection, or one-to-one function ) is a function that maps distinct elements of its domain to distinct elements of its codomain; that is, implies (equivalently by contraposition, implies ). In other words, every element of the function's codomain is the image o... | Mathematics | Functions: General | null |
45206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine%20communications%20cable | Submarine communications cable | A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the seabed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea. The first submarine communications cables were laid beginning in the 1850s and carried telegraphy traffic, establishing the first instant telecommunications li... | Technology | Telecommunications | null |
45207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications%20satellite | Communications satellite | A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunication signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth. Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet... | Technology | Media and communication | null |
45240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel%20%28algebra%29 | Kernel (algebra) | In algebra, the kernel of a homomorphism (function that preserves the structure) is generally the inverse image of 0 (except for groups whose operation is denoted multiplicatively, where the kernel is the inverse image of 1). An important special case is the kernel of a linear map. The kernel of a matrix, also called t... | Mathematics | Abstract algebra | null |
45241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism%20theorems | Isomorphism theorems | In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, the isomorphism theorems (also known as Noether's isomorphism theorems) are theorems that describe the relationship among quotients, homomorphisms, and subobjects. Versions of the theorems exist for groups, rings, vector spaces, modules, Lie algebras, and other algebraic ... | Mathematics | Abstract algebra | null |
45249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User%20interface | User interface | In the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, a user interface (UI) is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, while the machine simultaneously feeds back information that ... | Technology | User interface | null |
45286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonobo | Bonobo | The bonobo (; Pan paniscus), also historically called the pygmy chimpanzee (less often the dwarf chimpanzee or gracile chimpanzee), is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan (the other being the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes). While bonobos are, today, recognized as a distinct s... | Biology and health sciences | Primates | null |
45303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread%20%28computing%29 | Thread (computing) | In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. In many cases, a thread is a component of a process.
The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently ... | Technology | Operating systems | null |
45337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nash%20equilibrium | Nash equilibrium | In game theory, the Nash equilibrium is the most commonly-used solution concept for non-cooperative games. A Nash equilibrium is a situation where no player could gain by changing their own strategy (holding all other players' strategies fixed). The idea of Nash equilibrium dates back to the time of Cournot, who in 183... | Mathematics | Game theory | null |
45459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20flow | Control flow | In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated. The emphasis on explicit control flow distinguishes an imperative programming language from a declarative programming language.
Within a... | Technology | Software development: General | null |
45503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth | Coelacanth | Coelacanths ( ) (order Coelacanthiformes) are an ancient group of lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) in the class Actinistia. As sarcopterygians, they are more closely related to lungfish and tetrapods (which includes amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) than to ray-finned fish.
Well-represented in both freshwater a... | Biology and health sciences | Fishes | null |
45511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treeshrew | Treeshrew | The treeshrews (also called tree shrews or banxrings) are small mammals native to the tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia. They make up the entire order Scandentia (from Latin scandere, "to climb"), which split into two families: the Tupaiidae (19 species, "ordinary" treeshrews), and the Ptilocercidae (one spe... | Biology and health sciences | Mammals: General | Animals |
45598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strepsiptera | Strepsiptera | The Strepsiptera () are an order of insects with eleven extant families that include about 600 described species. They are endoparasites of other insects, such as bees, wasps, leafhoppers, silverfish, and cockroaches. Females of most species never emerge from the host after entering its body, finally dying inside it. T... | Biology and health sciences | Insects: General | Animals |
45599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery | Surgery | Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass), to reconstruct or alter aesthetics and appearance (co... | Biology and health sciences | Health, fitness, and medicine | null |
45600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon%20error%20correction | Reed–Solomon error correction | In information theory and coding theory, Reed–Solomon codes are a group of error-correcting codes that were introduced by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon in 1960.
They have many applications, including consumer technologies such as MiniDiscs, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, QR codes, Data Matrix, data transmission technol... | Mathematics | Information theory | null |
45609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah | Cheetah | The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat and the fastest land animal. It has a tawny to creamy white or pale buff fur that is marked with evenly spaced, solid black spots. The head is small and rounded, with a short snout and black tear-like facial streaks. It reaches at the shoulder, and the head-and-body length... | Biology and health sciences | Carnivora | null |
45648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightjar | Nightjar | Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called bugeaters, their primary source of food being insects. Some New World species are called nighthawks. The English wor... | Biology and health sciences | Caprimulgiformes | null |
45712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggplant | Eggplant | Eggplant (US, CA, AU, NZ, PH), aubergine (UK, IE), brinjal (IN, SG, MY, ZA), or baigan (IN, GY) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit.
Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. Typically used as a vegetable... | Biology and health sciences | Solanales | null |
45714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseradish | Horseradish | Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and used worldwide as a spice and as a condiment. The species is probably native to Southeastern Europe an... | Biology and health sciences | Brassicales | null |
45715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae | Arecaceae | The Arecaceae () is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are colloquially called palm trees. Currently, 181 genera with around 2,600 species are known, m... | Biology and health sciences | Monocots | null |
45729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthera | Panthera | Panthera is a genus within the family Felidae, and one of two extant genera in the subfamily Pantherinae. It contains the largest living members of the cat family. There are five living species: the jaguar, leopard, lion, snow leopard and tiger. Numerous extinct species are also named, including the cave lion and Ameri... | Biology and health sciences | Felines | Animals |
45748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariot | Chariot | A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power. The oldest known chariots have been found in burials of the Sintashta culture in modern-day Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, dated to c. 1950–1880 BC and are depicted on cylinder seals from Central Anatolia in Kültepe dat... | Technology | Military technology: General | null |
45756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrite | Pyrite | The mineral pyrite ( ), or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula FeS2 (iron (II) disulfide). Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral.
Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold, hence the well-known nickname of fool's ... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
45784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetics | Biomimetics | Biomimetics or biomimicry is the emulation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. The terms "biomimetics" and "biomimicry" are derived from (bios), life, and μίμησις (mīmēsis), imitation, from μιμεῖσθαι (mīmeisthai), to imitate, from μῖμος (mimos), actor. A cl... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
45798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouded%20leopard | Clouded leopard | The clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), also called mainland clouded leopard, is a wild cat inhabiting dense forests from the foothills of the Himalayas through Northeast India and Bhutan to mainland Southeast Asia into South China. It was first described in 1821 on the basis of a skin of an individual from China. The... | Biology and health sciences | Felines | Animals |
45809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s%20algorithm | Dijkstra's algorithm | Dijkstra's algorithm ( ) is an algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes in a weighted graph, which may represent, for example, a road network. It was conceived by computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra in 1956 and published three years later.
Dijkstra's algorithm finds the shortest path from a given sour... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
45829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20engineering | Structural engineering | Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the 'bones and joints' that create the form and shape of human-made structures. Structural engineers also must understand and calculate the stability, strength, rigidity and earthquake-susceptibility of b... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
45831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus | Tetanus | Tetanus (), also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body. Each spasm usually lasts for a few minutes. Spasms occur frequently for three to four weeks. Some s... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
45871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker | Loudspeaker | A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or, more fully, a speaker system) is a combination of one or more speaker drivers, an enclosure, and electrical connections (possibly including a crossover network). The speaker driver is an electroacoustic transducer that converts an electrical audio signal into a corre... | Technology | Media and communication | null |
45906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20distribution | Exponential distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the exponential distribution or negative exponential distribution is the probability distribution of the distance between events in a Poisson point process, i.e., a process in which events occur continuously and independently at a constant average rate; the distance parameter could... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
45922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20distribution | Geometric distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the geometric distribution is either one of two discrete probability distributions:
The probability distribution of the number of Bernoulli trials needed to get one success, supported on ;
The probability distribution of the number of failures before the first success, support... | Mathematics | Probability | null |
45930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20index%20fossils | List of index fossils | Index fossils (also known as guide fossils or indicator fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages). Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. Another term, "zone fossil", is used when the fossil has all the chara... | Physical sciences | Stratigraphy | Earth science |
45939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20color | Primary color | A set of primary colors (see spelling differences) consists of colorants or colored lights that can be mixed in varying amounts to produce a gamut of colors. This is the essential method used to create the perception of a broad range of colors in, e.g., electronic displays, color printing, and paintings. Perceptions as... | Physical sciences | Basics_7 | null |
45995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building | Building | A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather condition... | Technology | Structures | null |
46037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porpoise | Porpoise | Porpoises () are small dolphin-like cetaceans classified under the family Phocoenidae. Although similar in appearance to dolphins, they are more closely related to narwhals and belugas than to the true dolphins. There are eight extant species of porpoise, all among the smallest of the toothed whales. Porpoises are dis... | Biology and health sciences | Cetaceans | null |
46083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley%27s%20Comet | Halley's Comet | Halley's Comet is the only known short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing every 72–80 years, though with the majority of recorded apparations (25 of 30) occurring after 75–77 years. It last appeared in the inner parts of the Solar System in 1986 and will next appear in mid-... | Physical sciences | Solar System | null |
46086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared%20seal | Eared seal | An eared seal, otariid, or otary is any member of the marine mammal family Otariidae, one of three groupings of pinnipeds. They comprise 15 extant species in seven genera (another species became extinct in the 1950s) and are commonly known either as sea lions or fur seals, distinct from true seals (phocids) and the wal... | Biology and health sciences | Pinnipeds | null |
46095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s%20paradox | Russell's paradox | In mathematical logic, Russell's paradox (also known as Russell's antinomy) is a set-theoretic paradox published by the British philosopher and mathematician, Bertrand Russell, in 1901. Russell's paradox shows that every set theory that contains an unrestricted comprehension principle leads to contradictions. Accordin... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
46149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLONASS | GLONASS | GLONASS (, ; ) is a Russian satellite navigation system operating as part of a radionavigation-satellite service. It provides an alternative to Global Positioning System (GPS) and is the second navigational system in operation with global coverage and of comparable precision.
Satellite navigation devices supporting bo... | Technology | Navigation | null |
46191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage | Tillage | Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. Examples of human-powered tilling methods using hand tools include shoveling, picking, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. Examples of draft-animal-powered or mechanized work include ploug... | Technology | Horticultural techniques | null |
46193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshing%20machine | Threshing machine | A threshing machine or a thresher is a piece of farm equipment that separates grain seed from the stalks and husks. It does so by beating the plant to make the seeds fall out. Before such machines were developed, threshing was done by hand with flails: such hand threshing was very laborious and time-consuming, taking a... | Technology | Farm and garden machinery | null |
46211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuna | Tuna | A tuna (: tunas or tuna) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family. The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: , weight: ) up to the Atlantic bluefin tuna (max length: , w... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
46223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowing | Sowing | Sowing is the process of planting seeds. An area that has had seeds planted in it will be described as a sowed or sown area.
When sowing it is important to:
Use quality seeds
Maintain proper distance between seeds
Plant at correct depth
Ensure the soil is clean , healthy , and free of pathogens (disease causing m... | Technology | Agronomical techniques | null |
46238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigeration | Refrigeration | Refrigeration is any of various types of cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is ejected to a place of higher temperature). Refrigeration is an artificial, or human-made, cooling method.
Refrigeration refers to the process by w... | Technology | Food and health | null |
46253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever | Fever | Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with body temperature exceeding the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus. There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between ... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
46256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetry | Telemetry | Telemetry is the in situ collection of measurements or other data at remote points and their automatic transmission to receiving equipment (telecommunication) for monitoring. The word is derived from the Greek roots tele, 'far off', and metron, 'measure'. Systems that need external instructions and data to operate requ... | Physical sciences | Basics | Basics and measurement |
46310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobster | Lobster | Lobsters are malacostracans of the family Nephropidae or its synonym Homaridae. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. Highly prized as seafood, lob... | Biology and health sciences | Crustaceans | null |
46311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flounder | Flounder | Flounders are a group of flatfish species. They are demersal fish, found at the bottom of oceans around the world; some species will also enter estuaries.
Taxonomy
The name "flounder" is used for several only distantly related species, though all are in the suborder Pleuronectoidei (families Achiropsettidae, Bothidae... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
46319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus | Asparagus | Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial flowering plant species in the genus Asparagus native to Eurasia. Widely cultivated as a vegetable crop, its young shoots are used as a spring vegetable.
Description
Asparagus is an herbaceous, perennial plant growing to tall, with stout stems with much-branched, fea... | Biology and health sciences | Monocots | null |
46331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatfish | Flatfish | A flatfish is a member of the ray-finned demersal fish superorder Pleuronectoidei, also called the Heterosomata. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through or around the head during development. Some species face their left sides upward, some face their right sides upward... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
46336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passerine | Passerine | A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their toes (three pointing forward and one back), which facilitates perching.
With... | Biology and health sciences | Passerines | null |
46371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalangeriformes | Phalangeriformes | Phalangeriformes is a paraphyletic suborder of about 70 species of small to medium-sized arboreal marsupials native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi. The species are commonly known as possums, opossums, gliders, and cuscus. The common name "(o)possum" for various Phalangeriformes species derives from the creatur... | Biology and health sciences | Diprotodontia | Animals |
46374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom | Diatom | A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world. Living diatoms make up a significant portion of the Earth's biomass: they generate about 20 to 50 percent of the oxygen produced on the planet e... | Biology and health sciences | Other organisms | null |
46380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial%20cable | Coaxial cable | Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced ), is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by a concentric conducting shield, with the two separated by a dielectric (insulating material); many coaxial cables also have a protective outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial refers to the inner conduct... | Technology | Signal transmission | null |
46408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magenta | Magenta | Magenta () is a purplish-red color. On color wheels of the RGB (additive) and CMY (subtractive) color models, it is located precisely midway between blue and red. It is one of the four colors of ink used in color printing by an inkjet printer, along with yellow, cyan, and black to make all the other colors. The tone of... | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
46415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayon | Crayon | A crayon (or wax pastel) is a stick of pigmented wax used for writing or drawing. Wax crayons differ from pastels, in which the pigment is mixed with a dry binder such as gum arabic, and from oil pastels, where the binder is a mixture of wax and oil.
Crayons are available in a range of prices, and are easy to work wit... | Technology | Artist's and drafting tools | null |
46470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop%20rotation | Crop rotation | Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. This practice reduces the reliance of crops on one set of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, along with the probability of developing resistant pests and weeds.
Growing the same crop in ... | Technology | Soil and soil management | null |
46573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oat | Oat | The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural). Oats appear to have been domesticated as a secondary crop, as their seeds resembled those of other cereals closely enough for them to be included by early cu... | Biology and health sciences | Poales | null |
46574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye | Rye | Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is grown principally in an area from Eastern and Northern Europe into Russia. It is much more tolerant of cold weather and poor soil than other cereals, making it useful in those regions; its vigorous growth suppresses weed... | Biology and health sciences | Poales | null |
46576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnip | Turnip | The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock. The name turnip used in many regions may also be use... | Biology and health sciences | Brassicales | null |
46590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedgehog | Hedgehog | A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. There are no hedgehogs native to Australia and no living species native to the Ame... | Biology and health sciences | Erinaceids | null |
46593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay | Hay | Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, either for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep, or for smaller domesticated animals such as rabbits and guinea pigs. Pigs can eat hay, but do not digest i... | Technology | Animal husbandry | null |
46594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw | Straw | Straw is an agricultural byproduct consisting of the dry stalks of cereal plants after the grain and chaff have been removed. It makes up about half of the yield by weight of cereal crops such as barley, oats, rice, rye and wheat. It has a number of different uses, including fuel, livestock bedding and fodder, thatchin... | Technology | Animal husbandry | null |
46595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom | Loom | A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.
Etymology and usage
The word "loom" derives from... | Technology | Industrial machinery | null |
46596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage | Drainage | Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils can prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many soils need artificial drainage to improve production or to mana... | Technology | Hydraulic infrastructure | null |
46630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded%20system | Embedded system | An embedded system is a specialized computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including electrical or electronic hardware and... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
46656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20telescope | Radio telescope | A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to detect radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky. Radio telescopes are the main observing instrument used in radio astronomy, which studies the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, just as optical telescopes are used ... | Technology | Optical instruments | null |
46675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylem | Xylem | Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem; both of these are part of the vascular bundle. The basic function of the xylem is to transport water upward from the roots to parts of the plants such as stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. The word xylem is de... | Biology and health sciences | Plant tissues | Biology |
46740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s%20identity | Euler's identity | In mathematics, Euler's identity (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality
where
is Euler's number, the base of natural logarithms,
is the imaginary unit, which by definition satisfies , and
is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathemati... | Mathematics | Calculus and analysis | null |
46750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20opossum | Virginia opossum | The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), also known as the North American opossum, is a member of the opossum family found from southern Canada to northern Costa Rica (making it the northernmost marsupial in the world). Commonly referred to simply as the possum, it is a solitary nocturnal animal about the size of a... | Biology and health sciences | Marsupials | Animals |
46764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyl | Artiodactyl | Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla ( , ). Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof). The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly. By co... | Biology and health sciences | Artiodactyla | null |
46770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-wing%20aircraft | Fixed-wing aircraft | A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wi... | Technology | Aviation | null |
46818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance%20aircraft | Surveillance aircraft | Surveillance aircraft are aircraft used for surveillance. They are primarily operated by military forces and government agencies in roles including intelligence gathering, maritime patrol, battlefield and airspace surveillance, observation (e.g. artillery spotting), and law enforcement.
Surveillance aircraft usually c... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
46828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation | Fertilisation | Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen befor... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness | null |
46890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-hopping%20spread%20spectrum | Frequency-hopping spread spectrum | Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly changing the carrier frequency among many frequencies occupying a large spectral band. The changes are controlled by a code known to both transmitter and receiver. FHSS is used to avoid interference, to prevent eavesdropping, ... | Technology | Telecommunications | null |
46916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter | Otter | Otters are carnivorous mammals in the subfamily Lutrinae. The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic, or marine. Lutrinae is a branch of the Mustelidae family, which includes weasels, badgers, mink, and wolverines, among other animals.
Otters' habitats include dens known as holts or couches, with their s... | Biology and health sciences | Carnivora | null |
46924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean%20section | Caesarean section | Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginal delivery would put the mother or child at risk. Reasons for the operation include obstructed... | Biology and health sciences | Surgery | Health |
46959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch%20snowflake | Koch snowflake | The Koch snowflake (also known as the Koch curve, Koch star, or Koch island) is a fractal curve and one of the earliest fractals to have been described. It is based on the Koch curve, which appeared in a 1904 paper titled "On a Continuous Curve Without Tangents, Constructible from Elementary Geometry" by the Swedish ma... | Mathematics | Other | null |
46966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep%20disorder | Sleep disorder | A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder affecting an individual's sleep patterns, sometimes impacting physical, mental, social, and emotional functioning. Polysomnography and actigraphy are tests commonly ordered for diagnosing sleep disorders.
Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, par... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
46980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen | Pollen | Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells).
Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during t... | Biology and health sciences | Plant reproduction | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.