id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
values | section stringlengths 4 49 ⌀ | sublist stringclasses 9
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
46981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutum%20%28constellation%29 | Scutum (constellation) | Scutum is a small constellation. Its name is Latin for shield, and it was originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by Johannes Hevelius in 1684. Located just south of the celestial equator, its four brightest stars form a narrow diamond shape. It is one of the 88 IAU designated constellations defined in 1922.
History
Sc... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
46999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20solution | Buffer solution | A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide var... | Physical sciences | Concepts | Chemistry |
47011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius%20equation | Arrhenius equation | In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates. The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff who had noted in 1884 that the van 't Hoff equation for the temperature dependence of equili... | Physical sciences | Kinetics | Chemistry |
47139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent%20light%20bulb | Incandescent light bulb | An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a filament that is heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb that is either evacuated or filled with inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation. Electric current is supplied to the filament by... | Technology | Electricity generation and distribution | null |
47200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%20Vesta | 4 Vesta | Vesta (minor-planet designation: 4 Vesta) is one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of . It was discovered by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers on 29 March 1807 and is named after Vesta, the virgin goddess of home and hearth from Roman mythology.
Vesta is thought to ... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
47262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%20Pallas | 2 Pallas | Pallas (minor-planet designation: 2 Pallas) is the third-largest asteroid in the Solar System by volume and mass. It is the second asteroid to have been discovered, after Ceres, and is likely a remnant protoplanet. Like Ceres, it is believed to have a mineral composition similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, th... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
47263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/243%20Ida | 243 Ida | 243 Ida is an asteroid in the Koronis family of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 29 September 1884 by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at Vienna Observatory and named after a nymph from Greek mythology. Later telescopic observations categorized Ida as an S-type asteroid, the most numerous type in the inner aste... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
47264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid%20belt | Asteroid belt | The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, centered on the Sun and roughly spanning the space between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. It contains a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The identified objects are of many sizes, but much smaller t... | Physical sciences | Solar System | null |
47271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge | Sponge | Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine invertebrates of the metazoan phylum Porifera ( ; meaning 'pore bearer'), a basal animal clade and a sister taxon of the diploblasts. They are sessile filter feeders that are bound to the seabed, and are one of the most ancient members of macrobenthos, with many historical sp... | Biology and health sciences | Porifera | null |
47300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable%20type | Movable type | Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper.
Overview
The world's first movable ... | Technology | Printing | null |
11782509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isostatic%20depression | Isostatic depression | Isostatic depression is the sinking of large parts of the Earth's crust into the asthenosphere caused by a heavy weight placed on the Earth's surface, often glacial ice during continental glaciation. Isostatic depression and isostatic rebound occur at rates of centimeters per year. Greenland is an example of an isostat... | Physical sciences | Landforms: General | Earth science |
6995526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20motor | Hydraulic motor | A hydraulic motor is a mechanical actuator that converts hydraulic pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement (rotation). The hydraulic motor is the rotary counterpart of the hydraulic cylinder as a linear actuator. Most broadly, the category of devices called hydraulic motors has sometimes included those t... | Technology | Hydraulics and pneumatics | null |
8649736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella%20vaccine | Varicella vaccine | Varicella vaccine, also known as chickenpox vaccine, is a vaccine that protects against chickenpox. One dose of vaccine prevents 95% of moderate disease and 100% of severe disease. Two doses of vaccine are more effective than one. If given to those who are not immune within five days of exposure to chickenpox it preven... | Biology and health sciences | Vaccines | Health |
2508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery | Artillery | Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and led to heavy, fairly immobile siege engines. As technology improved, lighter, more mobile field artil... | Technology | Artillery and siege | null |
2524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus%20A300 | Airbus A300 | The Airbus A300 is Airbus' first production aircraft and the world's first twin-engine, double-aisle (wide-body) airliner. It was developed by Airbus Industrie GIE, now merged into Airbus SE, and manufactured from 1971 to 2007.
In September 1967, aircraft manufacturers in France, West Germany and the United Kingdom si... | Technology | Specific aircraft_2 | null |
2547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent%20Orange | Agent Orange | Agent Orange is a chemical herbicide and defoliant, one of the tactical use Rainbow Herbicides. It was used by the U.S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. The U.S. was strongly influenced by the British who used Agent Orange during the Mal... | Technology | Pest and disease control | null |
2551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical%20year%20numbering | Astronomical year numbering | Astronomical year numbering is based on AD/CE year numbering, but follows normal decimal integer numbering more strictly. Thus, it has a year 0; the years before that are designated with negative numbers and the years after that are designated with positive numbers. Astronomers use the Julian calendar for years before ... | Technology | Timekeeping | null |
2594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant | Ant | Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. They are easily identified by their geniculate... | Biology and health sciences | Hymenoptera | null |
2637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20absorption%20spectroscopy | Atomic absorption spectroscopy | Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative measurement of chemical elements. AAS is based on the absorption of light by free metallic ions that have been atomized from a sample. An alternative technique is atomic emission spectroscopy (AES).
In analytical chemistry the... | Physical sciences | Spectroscopy | Chemistry |
2704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20aberration | Optical aberration | In optics, aberration is a property of optical systems, such as lenses, that causes light to be spread out over some region of space rather than focused to a point. Aberrations cause the image formed by a lens to be blurred or distorted, with the nature of the distortion depending on the type of aberration. Aberration ... | Physical sciences | Optics | Physics |
2724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocorrelation | Autocorrelation | Autocorrelation, sometimes known as serial correlation in the discrete time case, is the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself as a function of delay. Informally, it is the similarity between observations of a random variable as a function of the time lag between them. The analysis of autocorrelation is... | Mathematics | Statistics | null |
2753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD | AutoCAD | AutoCAD is a 2D and
3D computer-aided design (CAD) software application developed by Autodesk. It was first released in December 1982 for the CP/M and IBM PC platforms as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Initially a DOS application, subsequent versions were later released for... | Technology | Science and Engineering | null |
2756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual%20reproduction | Asexual reproduction | Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individua... | Biology and health sciences | Biological reproduction | null |
2761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene | Alkene | In organic chemistry, an alkene, or olefin, is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. The double bond may be internal or in the terminal position. Terminal alkenes are also known as α-olefins.
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends using the name "alkene" only for acycl... | Physical sciences | Hydrocarbons | null |
2763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne | Alkyne | Acetylene
Propyne
1-Butyne
In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula . Alkynes are traditionally kno... | Physical sciences | Hydrocarbons | null |
2770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical%20Therapeutic%20Chemical%20Classification%20System | Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System | The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to... | Biology and health sciences | General concepts_2 | Health |
2778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20ATA | Parallel ATA | Parallel ATA (PATA), originally , also known as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), is a standard interface designed for IBM PC-compatible computers. It was first developed by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives. The connection is used for storage devices such as hard disk... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
2787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiology | Astrobiology | Astrobiology (also xenology or exobiology) is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events. As a discipline, astrobiology is founded on the pre... | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
2792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic%20principle | Anthropic principle | The anthropic principle, also known as the observation selection effect, is the proposition that the range of possible observations that could be made about the universe is limited by the fact that observations are only possible in the type of universe that is capable of developing intelligent life. Proponents of the a... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | Astronomy |
2819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamics | Aerodynamics | Aerodynamics ( aero (air) + (dynamics)) is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dynamics and its subfield of gas dynamics, and is an important domain of study in aeronautics. The term aerodynamics is oft... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | null |
2822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash | Ash | Ash is the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, ash refers to all non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash is the non-gaseous, non-liquid residue after complete combustion.
Ashes as the end product ... | Physical sciences | Salts and ions: General | Chemistry |
2823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiderivative | Antiderivative | In calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral of a continuous function is a differentiable function whose derivative is equal to the original function . This can be stated symbolically as . The process of solving for antiderivatives is called antidif... | Mathematics | Integral calculus | null |
2838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic%20paint | Acrylic paint | Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion and plasticizers, silicone oils, defoamers, stabilizers, or metal soaps. Most acrylic paints are water-based, but become water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted with water, or modified with acrylic ge... | Technology | Artist's and drafting tools | null |
2839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20momentum | Angular momentum | Angular momentum (sometimes called moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational analog of linear momentum. It is an important physical quantity because it is a conserved quantity – the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant. Angular momentum has both a direction and a magnitude, and... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
2840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum%20pudding%20model | Plum pudding model | The plum pudding model was the first scientific model of the atom to describe an internal structure. It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911. The model tried to account for tw... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | Physics |
2844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20atomic%20theory | History of atomic theory | Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical concept of there being some fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the n... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | null |
2869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiolytic | Anxiolytic | An anxiolytic (; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and their related psychological and physical symptoms.
Nature... | Biology and health sciences | Psychiatric drugs | Health |
2870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipsychotic | Antipsychotic | Antipsychotics, previously known as neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders. They are also the main... | Biology and health sciences | Psychiatric drugs | Health |
2885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoxicillin | Amoxicillin | Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medication belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to treat bacterial infections such as middle ear infection, strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, odontogenic infections, and urinary tract infections. It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth), o... | Biology and health sciences | Antibiotics | Health |
2889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous%20solid | Amorphous solid | In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous... | Physical sciences | Basics_8 | null |
2955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali | Alkali | In chemistry, an alkali (; from the Arabic word , ) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in Engl... | Physical sciences | Concepts | Chemistry |
2965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism | Alcoholism | Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. Problematic use of alcohol has been mentioned in the earliest historical records. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated there were 283 million people with alcohol use dis... | Biology and health sciences | Drugs and medication | null |
2974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelian%20group | Abelian group | In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers fo... | Mathematics | Algebra | null |
2992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amputation | Amputation | Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of co... | Biology and health sciences | Medical procedures | null |
2995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeopteryx | Archaeopteryx | Archaeopteryx (; ), sometimes referred to by its German name, "" ( Primeval Bird) is a genus of bird-like dinosaurs. The name derives from the ancient Greek (archaīos), meaning "ancient", and (ptéryx), meaning "feather" or "wing". Between the late 19th century and the early 21st century, Archaeopteryx was generally a... | Biology and health sciences | General articles | null |
3038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base%20reaction | Acid–base reaction | In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. It can be used to determine pH via titration. Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base the... | Physical sciences | Chemistry | null |
3049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn | Autumn | Autumn, also known as fall, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere). Autumn is the season when the duration of daylight becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools co... | Physical sciences | Seasons | null |
3072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcturus | Arcturus | |- bgcolor="#FFFAFA"
| Note (category: variability): || H and K emission vary.
Arcturus is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Boötes. With an apparent visual magnitude of −0.05, it is the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, and the brightest in the northern celestial hemisphere. The name Arcturus... | Physical sciences | Notable stars | null |
3076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antares | Antares | Antares is the brightest star in the constellation of Scorpius. It has the Bayer designation α Scorpii, which is Latinised to Alpha Scorpii. Often referred to as "the heart of the scorpion", Antares is flanked by σ Scorpii and τ Scorpii near the center of the constellation. Distinctly reddish when viewed with the naked... | Physical sciences | Notable stars | Astronomy |
3077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran | Aldebaran | Aldebaran () (Proto-Semitic *dVbr- “bee”) is a star located in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It has the Bayer designation α Tauri, which is Latinized to Alpha Tauri and abbreviated Alpha Tau or α Tau. Aldebaran varies in brightness from an apparent visual magnitude 0.75 down to 0.95, making it the brightest star ... | Physical sciences | Notable stars | Astronomy |
3078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altair | Altair | Altair is the brightest star in the constellation of Aquila and the twelfth-brightest star in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation Alpha Aquilae, which is Latinised from α Aquilae and abbreviated Alpha Aql or α Aql. Altair is an A-type main-sequence star with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.77 and is one of th... | Physical sciences | Notable stars | Astronomy |
3107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptote | Asymptote | In analytic geometry, an asymptote () of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or both of the x or y coordinates tends to infinity. In projective geometry and related contexts, an asymptote of a curve is a line which is tangent to the curve at a point at infinity... | Mathematics | Mathematical analysis | null |
3118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic | Arithmetic | Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms.
Arithmetic systems can be distinguished based on the type of numbers they operate ... | Mathematics | Mathematics | null |
3170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic%20function | Arithmetic function | In number theory, an arithmetic, arithmetical, or number-theoretic function is generally any function f(n) whose domain is the positive integers and whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. Hardy & Wright include in their definition the requirement that an arithmetical function "expresses some arithmetical prope... | Mathematics | Functions: General | null |
3262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agar | Agar | Agar ( or ), or agar-agar, is a jelly-like substance consisting of polysaccharides obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae, primarily from “ogonori” and “tengusa”. As found in nature, agar is a mixture of two components, the linear polysaccharide agarose and a heterogeneous mixture of smaller molecul... | Biology and health sciences | Carbohydrates | Biology |
3263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%20rain | Acid rain | Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5 and 8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4–5 on average. The more acid... | Physical sciences | Precipitation | null |
3292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass | Brass | Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 66% copper and 34% zinc. In use since prehistoric times, it is a substitutional alloy: atoms of th... | Physical sciences | Specific alloys | null |
3336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish%20water | Brackish water | Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the M... | Physical sciences | Water: General | Earth science |
3364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit | Bit | The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. These values are most commonly represented as either , but other representations such as true/false, yes/no, on/off, or +/−... | Physical sciences | Data | null |
3365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte | Byte | The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. 1 byte (B) = 8 bits (bit). Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. To disam... | Physical sciences | Data | null |
3370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron%20nitride | Boron nitride | Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN. It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice. The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorp... | Physical sciences | Ceramic compounds | Chemistry |
3378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium | Beryllium | Beryllium is a chemical element; it has symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a steel-gray, hard, strong, lightweight and brittle alkaline earth metal. It is a divalent element that occurs naturally only in combination with other elements to form minerals. Gemstones high in beryllium include beryl (aquamarine, emerald, ... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
3397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge | Bridge | A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many diff... | Technology | Transportation | null |
3406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchiopoda | Branchiopoda | Branchiopoda is a class of crustaceans. It comprises fairy shrimp, clam shrimp, Diplostraca (or Cladocera), Notostraca, the Devonian Lepidocaris and possibly the Cambrian Rehbachiella. They are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on plankton and detritus.
Description
Members of the Branchiopoda are unified by t... | Biology and health sciences | Crustaceans | Animals |
3410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird | Bird | Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
3416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa | Bryozoa | Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoa... | Biology and health sciences | Lophotrochozoa | null |
3419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20leaf | Bay leaf | The bay leaf is an aromatic leaf commonly used as a herb in cooking. It can be used whole, either dried or fresh, in which case it is removed from the dish before consumption, or less commonly used in ground form. The flavor that a bay leaf imparts to a dish has not been universally agreed upon, but many agree it is a ... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
3430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin%20board%20system | Bulletin board system | A bulletin board system (BBS), also called a computer bulletin board service (CBBS), is a computer server running software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, the user performs functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and... | Technology | Internet | null |
3446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomber | Bomber | A bomber is a military combat aircraft that utilizes
air-to-ground weaponry to drop bombs, launch torpedoes, or deploy air-launched cruise missiles. Bombs were first dropped from an aircraft during the Italo-Turkish War, with the first major deployments coming in the First World War and Second World War by all major a... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
3717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain | Brain | The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing and olfaction. Being the most specialized organ, it is... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
3742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth | Bluetooth | Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building personal area networks (PANs). In the most widely used mode, transmission power is limited to 2.5 milliwatts, giving it a very short range of up to . It employs UHF... | Technology | Networks | null |
3755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron | Boron | Boron is a chemical element. It has the symbol B and atomic number 5. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder. As the lightest element of the boron group it has three valence electrons for forming covalent bonds, resulting in many compounds such as b... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
3756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine | Bromine | Bromine is a chemical element; it has symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured vapour. Its properties are intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine. Isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig (in 1825... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
3757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium | Barium | Barium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element.
The most common minerals of barium are barite (barium sulfate, BaSO4) and with... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
3758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium | Berkelium | Berkelium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) where i... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
3760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite | Bauxite | Bauxite () is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and haematite (), the alumini... | Physical sciences | Petrology | null |
3778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book | Book | A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images. Modern books are typically in codex format, composed of many pages that are bound together and protected by a cover; they were preceded by several earlier formats, including the scroll and the tablet. The book publishing process is the serie... | Technology | Media and communication | null |
3794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassicaceae | Brassicaceae | Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leaves are simple (although are sometimes deeply incised), lack stipules, and ... | Biology and health sciences | Brassicales | null |
3876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20distribution | Binomial distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters and is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of independent experiments, each asking a yes–no question, and each with its own Boolean-valued outcome: success (with probability ) or failure (with p... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
3931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20relation | Binary relation | In mathematics, a binary relation associates elements of one set called the domain with elements of another set called the codomain. Precisely, a binary relation over sets and is a set of ordered pairs where is in and is in . It encodes the common concept of relation: an element is related to an element , if and... | Mathematics | Set theory | null |
3942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijection | Bijection | A bijection, bijective function, or one-to-one correspondence between two mathematical sets is a function such that each element of the second set (the codomain) is the image of exactly one element of the first set (the domain). Equivalently, a bijection is a relation between two sets such that each element of either s... | Mathematics | Functions: General | null |
3954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry | Biochemistry | Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has b... | Biology and health sciences | Chemistry | null |
3959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean%20algebra%20%28structure%29 | Boolean algebra (structure) | In abstract algebra, a Boolean algebra or Boolean lattice is a complemented distributive lattice. This type of algebraic structure captures essential properties of both set operations and logic operations. A Boolean algebra can be seen as a generalization of a power set algebra or a field of sets, or its elements can b... | Mathematics | Order theory | null |
3973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle | Bicycle | A bicycle, also called a pedal cycle, bike, push-bike or cycle, is a human-powered or motor-assisted, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A is called a cyclist, or bicyclist.
Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century in Europe. By the early 21st century th... | Technology | Transportation | null |
3982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate | Bicarbonate | In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula .
Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system.
The term "bicarbonate" was... | Physical sciences | Carbonic oxyanions | Chemistry |
3989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%20space | Banach space | In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (pronounced ) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always c... | Mathematics | Linear algebra | null |
3996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat | Boat | A boat is a watercraft of a large range of types and sizes, but generally smaller than a ship, which is distinguished by its larger size or capacity, its shape, or its ability to carry boats.
Small boats are typically used on inland waterways such as rivers and lakes, or in protected coastal areas. However, some boats... | Technology | Maritime transport | null |
3997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood | Blood | Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
Blood is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of ... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
4015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC | BASIC | BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College in 1963. They wanted to enable students in non-scientific fields to use computer... | Technology | "Historical" languages | null |
4024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20effect | Butterfly effect | In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state.
The term is closely associated with the work of the mathematician and meteorologist Edward Norton Lorenz. He... | Mathematics | Dynamical systems | null |
4035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black | Black | Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have often been used to describe opposites such as good and evil, the Dark Ages versus... | Physical sciences | Color terms | null |
4054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship | Battleship | A battleship is a large, heavily armored warship with a main battery consisting of large-caliber guns, designed to serve as capital ships with the most intense firepower. Before the rise of supercarriers, battleships were among the largest and most formidable weapon systems ever built.
The term battleship came into us... | Technology | Naval warfare | null |
4099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone | Bone | A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex i... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
4101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brouwer%20fixed-point%20theorem | Brouwer fixed-point theorem | Brouwer's fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in topology, named after L. E. J. (Bertus) Brouwer. It states that for any continuous function mapping a nonempty compact convex set to itself, there is a point such that . The simplest forms of Brouwer's theorem are for continuous functions from a closed interv... | Mathematics | Topology | null |
4106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoic%20acid | Benzoic acid | Benzoic acid () is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula , whose structure consists of a benzene ring () with a carboxyl () substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn," which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the ben... | Physical sciences | Specific acids | Chemistry |
4107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann%20distribution | Boltzmann distribution | In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain state as a function of that state's energy and the temperature of the system. The distribution is express... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
4111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioleaching | Bioleaching | Bioleaching is the extraction or liberation of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms. Bioleaching is one of several applications within biohydrometallurgy and several methods are used to treat ores or concentrates containing copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel, molybdenum, gold, silver, ... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
4115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling%20point | Boiling point | The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.
The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure. A liquid in a partial vacuum, i.e., under a lower pres... | Physical sciences | Phase transitions | Physics |
4116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Bang | Big Bang | The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. The notion of an expanding universe was first scientifically originated by physicist Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with the mathematical derivation of the Friedmann equations. The earliest emp... | Physical sciences | Astronomy | null |
4146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus | Bus | A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a motor vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van, but fewer than the average rail transport. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for charter purposes, or through private ... | Technology | Road transport | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.