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475317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocellated%20turkey | Ocellated turkey | The ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) is a species of turkey residing primarily in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, as well as in parts of Belize and Guatemala. A relative of the North American wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), it was sometimes previously considered in a genus of its own (Agriocharis), but the diffe... | Biology and health sciences | Galliformes | Animals |
475598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20fallacy | Ecological fallacy | An ecological fallacy (also ecological inference fallacy or population fallacy) is a formal fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data that occurs when inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inferences about the group to which those individuals belong. "Ecological fallacy" is a term that is ... | Mathematics | Statistics | null |
475682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium%20perfringens | Clostridium perfringens | Clostridium perfringens (formerly known as C. welchii, or Bacillus welchii) is a Gram-positive, bacillus (rod-shaped), anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. C. perfringens is ever-present in nature and can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation, marine sediment, the inte... | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
475779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calliphoridae | Calliphoridae | The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, are known as gentles. The family is known to be polyphyletic, but much remain... | Biology and health sciences | Flies (Diptera) | null |
475861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o | Jalapeño | The jalapeño ( , , ) is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum. A mature jalapeño chili is long and wide, and hangs down from the plant. The pungency of jalapeño peppers varies, but is usually between 4,000 and 8,500 units on the Scoville scale. Commonly picked and consumed whil... | Biology and health sciences | Botanical fruits used as culinary vegetables | Plants |
476052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloniformes | Beloniformes | Beloniformes is an order composed of six families (and about 264 species) of freshwater and marine ray-finned fish:
Adrianichthyidae (ricefish and medakas)
Belonidae (needlefish)
Exocoetidae (flyingfishes)
Hemiramphidae (halfbeaks)
Scomberesocidae (sauries)
Zenarchopteridae (viviparous halfbeaks)
With the... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
477011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium%20ursinum | Allium ursinum | Allium ursinum, known as wild garlic, ramsons, cowleekes, cows's leek, cowleek, buckrams, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic, bear leek, Eurasian wild garlic or bear's garlic, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant in the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae. It is native to Eurasia, where it grows in moist woodland. It is a... | Biology and health sciences | Asparagales | Plants |
477292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%28II%29%20sulfate | Copper(II) sulfate | Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It forms hydrates , where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, while its anhydrous form is white. Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vit... | Physical sciences | Sulfuric oxyanions | Chemistry |
477661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation%20%28phase%20transition%29 | Sublimation (phase transition) | Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state. The verb form of sublimation is sublime, or less preferably, sublimate. Sublimate also refers to the product obtained by sublimation. The point at which sublimation occurs rapidly (for furthe... | Physical sciences | Phase transitions | Physics |
477730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proboscis%20monkey | Proboscis monkey | The proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose, a reddish-brown skin color and a long tail. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo and is found mostly in mangrove forests and on the coastal areas of the island.
This species co-ex... | Biology and health sciences | Old World monkeys | Animals |
2607068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%20otter | Giant otter | The giant otter or giant river otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to . Atypical of mustelids, the giant otter is a social species, with family groups typically supporting ... | Biology and health sciences | Mustelidae | Animals |
2607200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edaphosaurus | Edaphosaurus | Edaphosaurus (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described Eda... | Biology and health sciences | Proto-mammals | Animals |
2607409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory%20rat | Laboratory rat | Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the rat subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica (Domestic Norwegian rat) which are bred and kept for scientific research. While less commonly used for research than laboratory mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science,... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | Animals |
2608645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybolos | Polybolos | The polybolos (the name means "multi-thrower" in Greek) was an ancient Greek repeating ballista, reputedly invented by Dionysius of Alexandria (a 3rd-century BC Greek engineer at the Rhodes arsenal,) and used in antiquity. The polybolos was not a crossbow since it used a torsion mechanism, drawing its power from tw... | Technology | Artillery | null |
2609001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian%20algorithm | Hungarian algorithm | The Hungarian method is a combinatorial optimization algorithm that solves the assignment problem in polynomial time and which anticipated later primal–dual methods. It was developed and published in 1955 by Harold Kuhn, who gave it the name "Hungarian method" because the algorithm was largely based on the earlier work... | Mathematics | Optimization | null |
2611033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove%20forest | Mangrove forest | Mangrove forests, also called mangrove swamps, mangrove thickets or mangals, are productive wetlands that occur in coastal intertidal zones. Mangrove forests grow mainly at tropical and subtropical latitudes because mangrove trees cannot withstand freezing temperatures. There are about 80 different species of mangroves... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | Earth science |
2611797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moschops | Moschops | Moschops (Ancient Greek for "calf face") is an extinct genus of therapsids that lived in the Guadalupian epoch, around 265–260 million years ago. They were heavily built plant eaters, and they may have lived partly in water, as hippopotamuses do. They had short, thick heads and might have competed by head-butting each ... | Biology and health sciences | Proto-mammals | Animals |
2612628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retractor%20%28medicine%29 | Retractor (medicine) | A retractor is a surgical instrument used to separate the edges of a surgical incision/wound or to hold away certain organs and tissues (i.e. to provide tissue retraction) so that body parts underneath may be accessed during surgical operations.
The broad term retractor typically describes a simple steel tool possessi... | Technology | Surgical instruments | null |
6259941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial | Biomaterial | A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose – either a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair, or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic one. The corresponding field of study, called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering, is abo... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
18619339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slug | Slug | Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semi-slugs (this is in contrast to th... | Biology and health sciences | Mollusks | null |
18625077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish | Goldfish | The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America and Australia.
Native to China, t... | Biology and health sciences | Cypriniformes | null |
23868856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds%20number | Reynolds number | In fluid dynamics, the Reynolds number () is a dimensionless quantity that helps predict fluid flow patterns in different situations by measuring the ratio between inertial and viscous forces. At low Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be dominated by laminar (sheet-like) flow, while at high Reynolds numbers, flows tend to... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | null |
23870096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-index%20metamaterial | Negative-index metamaterial | Negative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range.
NIMs are constructed of periodic basic parts called unit cells, which are usually significantly smaller than the wavelength of the externally... | Physical sciences | Basics_3 | Physics |
23874520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity%20dispersion | Velocity dispersion | In astronomy, the velocity dispersion (σ) is the statistical dispersion of velocities about the mean velocity for a group of astronomical objects, such as an open cluster, globular cluster, galaxy, galaxy cluster, or supercluster. By measuring the radial velocities of the group's members through astronomical spectrosco... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | Astronomy |
20865567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiehallion%20experiment | Schiehallion experiment | The Schiehallion experiment was an 18th-century experiment to determine the mean density of the Earth. Funded by a grant from the Royal Society, it was conducted in the summer of 1774 around the Scottish mountain of Schiehallion, Perthshire. The experiment involved measuring the tiny deflection of the vertical due to t... | Physical sciences | Earth science basics: General | Earth science |
20869694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial%20fibrillation | Atrial fibrillation | Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating, which become longer or continuous over time. It may also start as other forms of arrhythmia such as at... | Biology and health sciences | Cardiovascular disease | Health |
1875639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashpot | Dashpot | A dashpot, also known as a damper, is a mechanical device that resists motion via viscous friction. The resulting force is proportional to the velocity, but acts in the opposite direction, slowing the motion and absorbing energy. It is commonly used in conjunction with a spring. The process and instrumentation diagram ... | Technology | Mechanisms | null |
1877567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-nucleophilic%20base | Non-nucleophilic base | As the name suggests, a non-nucleophilic base is a sterically hindered organic base that is a poor nucleophile. Normal bases are also nucleophiles, but often chemists seek the proton-removing ability of a base without any other functions. Typical non-nucleophilic bases are bulky, such that protons can attach to the ba... | Physical sciences | Concepts | Chemistry |
1878290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20superoxide | Potassium superoxide | Potassium superoxide is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is a yellow paramagnetic solid that decomposes in moist air. It is a rare example of a stable salt of the superoxide anion. It is used as a scrubber, dehumidifier, and generator in rebreathers, spacecraft, submarines, and spacesuits.
Production and... | Physical sciences | Oxide salts | Chemistry |
1879453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20sulfide | Mercury sulfide | Mercury sulfide, or mercury(II) sulfide is a chemical compound composed of the chemical elements mercury and sulfur. It is represented by the chemical formula HgS. It is virtually insoluble in water.
Crystal structure
HgS is dimorphic with two crystal forms:
red cinnabar (α-HgS, trigonal, hP6, P3221) is the form in ... | Physical sciences | Sulfide salts | Chemistry |
1880422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncorhynchus | Oncorhynchus | Oncorhynchus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae, native to coldwater tributaries of the North Pacific basin. The genus contains twelve extant species, namely six species of Pacific salmon and six species of Pacific trout, all of which are migratory (either anadromous or p... | Biology and health sciences | Salmoniformes | Animals |
263745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack%20and%20pinion | Rack and pinion | A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a circular gear (the pinion) engaging a linear gear (the rack). Together, they convert between rotational motion and linear motion: rotating the pinion causes the rack to be driven in a line. Conversely, moving the rack linearly will cause the pinion to rota... | Technology | Mechanisms | null |
263748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalpel | Scalpel | A scalpel, lancet, or bistoury is a small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery, anatomical dissection, podiatry and various handicrafts. A lancet is a double-edged scalpel.
Scalpel blades are usually made of hardened and tempered steel, stainless steel, or high carbon steel; in addition, titanium, ce... | Technology | Surgical instruments | null |
263774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotinga | Cotinga | The cotingas are a large family, Cotingidae, of suboscine passerine birds found in Central America and tropical South America. Cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges, that are primary frugivorous. They all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. They range in size from of the fiery-th... | Biology and health sciences | Tyranni | Animals |
263800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadpole | Tadpole | A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog) is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found in adult amphibians such as a lateral line, g... | Biology and health sciences | Animal ontogeny | null |
263886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20operator | Differential operator | In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer scien... | Mathematics | Differential calculus | null |
263902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanescent%20field | Evanescent field | In electromagnetics, an evanescent field, or evanescent wave, is an oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave but whose energy is spatially concentrated in the vicinity of the source (oscillating charges and currents). Even when there is a propagating electromagnetic... | Physical sciences | Electromagnetic radiation | Physics |
263960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warship | Warship | A warship or combatant ship is a ship that is used for naval warfare. Usually they belong to the navy branch of the armed forces of a nation, though they have also been operated by individuals, cooperatives and corporations. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are typically faster and ... | Technology | Naval warfare | null |
263964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoglossiformes | Osteoglossiformes | Osteoglossiformes (Greek: "bony tongues") is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gond... | Biology and health sciences | Osteoglossiformes | Animals |
263970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20cone | Volcanic cone | Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones... | Physical sciences | Volcanic landforms | Earth science |
264025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curassow | Curassow | Curassows are one of the three major groups of cracid birds. They comprise the largest-bodied species of the cracid family. Three of the four genera are restricted to tropical South America; a single species of Crax ranges north to Mexico. They form a distinct clade which is usually classified as the subfamily Cracinae... | Biology and health sciences | Galliformes | Animals |
264210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20of%20a%20function | Zero of a function | In mathematics, a zero (also sometimes called a root) of a real-, complex-, or generally vector-valued function , is a member of the domain of such that vanishes at ; that is, the function attains the value of 0 at , or equivalently, is a solution to the equation . A "zero" of a function is thus an input value tha... | Mathematics | Functions: General | null |
264213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheremetyevo%20International%20Airport | Sheremetyevo International Airport | Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport () is one of four international airports that serve the city of Moscow. It is the busiest airport in Russia, as well as the 11th-busiest airport in Europe. Originally built as a military airbase, Sheremetyevo was converted into a civilian airport in 1959. The air... | Technology | Europe | null |
264501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia%20faba | Vicia faba | Vicia faba, commonly known as the broad bean, fava bean, or faba bean, is a species of vetch, a flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated as a crop for human consumption, and also as a cover crop. Varieties with smaller, harder seeds that are fed to horses or other animals are called ... | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | null |
264502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shed | Shed | A shed is typically a simple, single-storey roofed structure, often used for storage, for hobbies, or as a workshop, and typically serving as outbuilding, such as in a back garden or on an allotment. Sheds vary considerably in their size and complexity of construction, from simple open-sided ones designed to cover bicy... | Technology | Buildings and infrastructure | null |
264583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine | Phosphine | Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula PH3, classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (). With... | Physical sciences | Hydrogen compounds | Chemistry |
264589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapwing | Lapwing | Lapwings (subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds (family Charadriidae) akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and a shrill, wailing cry.
The traditional terms "plover", "lapwing", and "dotterel" do not correspond exa... | Biology and health sciences | Charadriiformes | Animals |
264604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovenbird%20%28family%29 | Ovenbird (family) | Ovenbirds or furnariids are a large family of small suboscine passerine birds found from Mexico and Central to southern South America. They form the family Furnariidae. This is a large family containing around 321 species and 71 genera. The ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), which breeds in North America, is not a furnar... | Biology and health sciences | Tyranni | null |
264714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa-class%20battleship | Iowa-class battleship | The Iowa class was a class of six fast battleships ordered by the United States Navy in 1939 and 1940. They were initially intended to intercept fast capital ships such as the Japanese and serve as the "fast wing" of the U.S. battle line. The Iowa class was designed to meet the Second London Naval Treaty's "escalator ... | Technology | Naval warfare | null |
264740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerization | Isomerization | In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization. When the isomerization occurs intramolecularly it may be called a ... | Physical sciences | Basics_3 | Chemistry |
265044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellant | Propellant | A propellant (or propellent) is a mass that is expelled or expanded in such a way as to create a thrust or another motive force in accordance with Newton's third law of motion, and "propel" a vehicle, projectile, or fluid payload. In vehicles, the engine that expels the propellant is called a reaction engine. Although ... | Technology | Energy: General | null |
265062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt%20marsh | Salt marsh | A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is dominated by dense stands of salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses, o... | Physical sciences | Wetlands | Earth science |
265112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised%20explosive%20device | Improvised explosive device | An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action. It may be constructed of conventional military explosives, such as an artillery shell, attached to a detonating mechanism. IEDs are commonly used as roadside bombs, or homemade bombs.
The term "... | Technology | Explosive weapons | null |
265118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantidae | Elephantidae | Elephantidae is a family of large, herbivorous proboscidean mammals collectively called elephants and mammoths. In some cases, all members of the family can be referred to as elephants. They are large terrestrial mammals with a snout modified into a trunk and teeth modified into tusks. Most genera and species in the fa... | Biology and health sciences | Proboscidea | Animals |
265509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaceae | Myrtaceae | Myrtaceae (), the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All species are woody, contain essential oils, and have flower parts in multiples of fou... | Biology and health sciences | Myrtales | null |
265533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juglandaceae | Juglandaceae | The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.
The nine or ten genera in the family have a total of around 50 species, and include the commercially important nut-p... | Biology and health sciences | Fagales | Plants |
265594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20and%20tackle | Block and tackle | A block and tackle or only tackle is a system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them, usually used to lift heavy loads.
The pulleys are assembled to form blocks and then blocks are paired so that one is fixed and one moves with the load. The rope is threaded through the pulleys to provide m... | Technology | Rigid components | null |
265787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrant%20flycatcher | Tyrant flycatcher | The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) are a family of passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They are the largest family of birds, with more than 400 species. They are the most diverse avian family in every country in the Americas, except for the United States and Canada. The members vary greatly... | Biology and health sciences | Tyranni | null |
265823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20equilibrium | Thermodynamic equilibrium | Thermodynamic equilibrium is a notion of thermodynamics with axiomatic status referring to an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by more or less permeable or impermeable walls. In thermodynamic equilibrium, there are no net macroscopic flows of... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
265835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francolin | Francolin | Francolins are birds in the tribe Gallini that traditionally have been placed in the genus Francolinus, but now commonly are divided into multiple genera.
As previously defined, they were paraphyletic as the genus Pternistis, which was previously included in Francolinus, is more closely related to Old World quails th... | Biology and health sciences | Galliformes | Animals |
266319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnatcatcher | Gnatcatcher | The gnatcatchers are a family of small passerine birds called Polioptilidae. The 22 species occur in North and South America (except for the far south and the high Andean regions). Most species of this mainly tropical and subtropical group are resident, but the blue-grey gnatcatcher of the United States and southern Ca... | Biology and health sciences | Passerida | Animals |
266443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalworking | Metalworking | Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures. As a term, it covers a wide and diverse range of processes, skills, and tools for producing objects on every scale: from huge ships, buildings, and bridges, down to precise engin... | Technology | Metallurgy | null |
266466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet%20rule | Octet rule | The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. The rule is especially applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens; al... | Physical sciences | Bonding | Chemistry |
266601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refracting%20telescope | Refracting telescope | A refracting telescope (also called a refractor) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptric telescope). The refracting telescope design was originally used in spyglasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long-focus camera lenses. Althoug... | Technology | Telescope | null |
266611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20telescope | Optical telescope | An optical telescope is a telescope that gathers and focuses light mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to create a magnified image for direct visual inspection, to make a photograph, or to collect data through electronic image sensors.
There are three primary types of optical telescope:
Refr... | Technology | Optical instruments | null |
266861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflecting%20telescope | Reflecting telescope | A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century by Isaac Newton as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffe... | Technology | Telescope | null |
797487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieris%20brassicae | Pieris brassicae | Pieris brassicae, the large white, also called cabbage butterfly, cabbage white, cabbage moth (erroneously), or in India the large cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is a close relative of the small white, Pieris rapae.
The large white is common throughout Europe, North Africa and Asia.
Distribu... | Biology and health sciences | Lepidoptera | null |
798370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20cooling | Computer cooling | Computer cooling is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer components, to keep components within permissible operating temperature limits. Components that are susceptible to temporary malfunction or permanent failure if overheated include integrated circuits such as central processing units (CPUs), chip... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
799405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20mapping | Shear mapping | In plane geometry, a shear mapping is an affine transformation that displaces each point in a fixed direction by an amount proportional to its signed distance from a given line parallel to that direction. This type of mapping is also called shear transformation, transvection, or just shearing. The transformations can ... | Mathematics | Geometry: General | null |
799436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork | Pitchfork | A pitchfork or hay fork is an agricultural tool used to pitch loose material, such as hay, straw, manure, or leaves. It has a long handle and usually two to five thin tines designed to efficiently move such materials.
The term is also applied colloquially, but inaccurately, to the garden fork. While similar in appeara... | Technology | Agricultural tools | null |
799876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20susceptibility | Electric susceptibility | In electricity (electromagnetism), the electric susceptibility (; Latin: susceptibilis "receptive") is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of polarization of a dielectric material in response to an applied electric field. The greater the electric susceptibility, the greater the ability o... | Physical sciences | Electrostatics | Physics |
799986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer%20diffraction | Fraunhofer diffraction | In optics, the Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of waves when plane waves are incident on a diffracting object, and the diffraction pattern is viewed at a sufficiently long distance (a distance satisfying Fraunhofer condition) from the object (in the far-field region), and also when it i... | Physical sciences | Waves | Physics |
800373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosasaur | Mosasaur | Mosasaurs (from Latin Mosa meaning the 'Meuse', and Greek meaning 'lizard') are an extinct group of large aquatic reptiles within the family Mosasauridae that lived during the Late Cretaceous. Their first fossil remains were discovered in a limestone quarry at Maastricht on the Meuse in 1764. They belong to the order... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric squamates | Animals |
801330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia%20%28spacecraft%29 | Gaia (spacecraft) | Gaia is a space observatory of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 2013 and operated until March 2025 (planned). The spacecraft is designed for astrometry: measuring the positions, distances and motions of stars with unprecedented precision, and the positions of exoplanets by measuring attributes about the sta... | Technology | Space-based observatories | null |
801420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20physics | Atmospheric physics | Within the atmospheric sciences, atmospheric physics is the application of physics to the study of the atmosphere. Atmospheric physicists attempt to model Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of the other planets using fluid flow equations, radiation budget, and energy transfer processes in the atmosphere (as well as... | Physical sciences | Physics basics: General | Physics |
802029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp%20and%20weft | Warp and weft | In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. In t... | Technology | Weaving | null |
802146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros | Rhinoceros | A rhinoceros ( ; ; ; : rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls) in the family Rhinocerotidae; it can also refer to a member of any of the extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoid... | Biology and health sciences | Perissodactyla | null |
802149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20rhinoceros | Indian rhinoceros | The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is also known as the greater one-horned rhinoceros, great Indian rhinoceros and Indian rhino. It is the second largest living rhinoceros species, with adult males weighing and adult females . Its thick skin is grey-brown with pinkish skin folds. It has a single horn on its ... | Biology and health sciences | Perissodactyla | Animals |
12895973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20walkingstick | Common walkingstick | The common walkingstick or northern walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) is a species of phasmid or stick insect found across North America. The average length of this species is 75mm (3 in) for males and 95mm (3.7 in) for females.
The insect is found in deciduous forest throughout North America, where it eats many ty... | Biology and health sciences | Insects: General | Animals |
1258615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20crater | Volcanic crater | A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's ven... | Physical sciences | Volcanology | Earth science |
1258972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening | Evening | Evening is the period of a day that begins at the end of daylight and overlaps with the beginning of night. It generally indicates the period of time when the sun is close to the horizon and comprises the periods of civil, nautical and astronomical twilight. The exact times when evening begins and ends are subjective a... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | Astronomy |
1259241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat%20fragmentation | Habitat fragmentation | Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of be... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | Biology |
1260189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona%20bark%20scorpion | Arizona bark scorpion | The Arizona bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus, once included in Centruroides exilicauda) is a small light brown scorpion common to the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. An adult male can reach of body length, while a female is slightly smaller, with a maximum length of .
... | Biology and health sciences | Scorpions | Animals |
1261615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangular%20function | Rectangular function | The rectangular function (also known as the rectangle function, rect function, Pi function, Heaviside Pi function, gate function, unit pulse, or the normalized boxcar function) is defined as
Alternative definitions of the function define to be 0, 1, or undefined.
Its periodic version is called a rectangular wave.
H... | Mathematics | Specific functions | null |
1261767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophytum%20comosum | Chlorophytum comosum | Chlorophytum comosum, usually called spider plant or common spider plant due to its spider-like look, also known as spider ivy, airplane plant, ribbon plant (a name it shares with Dracaena sanderiana), and hen and chickens, is a species of evergreen perennial flowering plant of the family Asparagaceae. It is native to ... | Biology and health sciences | Asparagales | Plants |
1262082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistern | Cistern | A cistern (; , ; ) is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater. To prevent leakage, the interior of the cistern is often lined with hydraulic plaster.
Cisterns are distinguished from wells by their waterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in cap... | Technology | Hydraulic infrastructure | null |
1262556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylamine | Methylamine | Methylamine, also known as methanamine, is an organic compound with a formula of . This colorless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one hydrogen atom being replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine.
Methylamine is sold as a solution in methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, or water, or as the a... | Physical sciences | Hydrogen compounds | Chemistry |
23694864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray%20astronomy | Gamma-ray astronomy | Gamma-ray astronomy is a subfield of astronomy where scientists observe and study celestial objects and phenomena in outer space which emit cosmic electromagnetic radiation in the form of gamma rays, i.e. photons with the highest energies (above 100 keV) at the very shortest wavelengths. Radiation below 100 keV is clas... | Physical sciences | High-energy astronomy | Astronomy |
19721986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed%20graph | Directed graph | In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a directed graph (or digraph) is a graph that is made up of a set of vertices connected by directed edges, often called arcs.
Definition
In formal terms, a directed graph is an ordered pair where
V is a set whose elements are called vertices, nodes, or points;
... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
19725090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold | Cold | Cold is the presence of low temperature, especially in the atmosphere. In common usage, cold is often a subjective perception. A lower bound to temperature is absolute zero, defined as 0.00K on the Kelvin scale, an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. This corresponds to on the Celsius scale, on the Fahrenheit s... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
19727024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational%20number | Rational number | In mathematics, a rational number is a number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction of two integers, a numerator and a non-zero denominator . For example, is a rational number, as is every integer (for example, The set of all rational numbers, also referred to as "the rationals", the field of rationals ... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
3559747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staggered%20conformation | Staggered conformation | In organic chemistry, a staggered conformation is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety abcX–Ydef in which the substituents a, b, and c are at the maximum distance from d, e, and f; this requires the torsion angles to be 60°. It is the opposite of an eclipsed conformation, in which those substituents are as ... | Physical sciences | Stereochemistry | Chemistry |
3561094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifiable%20areal%20unit%20problem | Modifiable areal unit problem |
The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a source of statistical bias that can significantly impact the results of statistical hypothesis tests. MAUP affects results when point-based measures of spatial phenomena are aggregated into spatial partitions or areal units (such as regions or districts) as in, for example... | Mathematics | Statistics | null |
125769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding%20energy | Binding energy | In physics and chemistry, binding energy is the smallest amount of energy required to remove a particle from a system of particles or to disassemble a system of particles into individual parts. In the former meaning the term is predominantly used in condensed matter physics, atomic physics, and chemistry, whereas in nu... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | null |
2614714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertigo | Vertigo | Vertigo is a condition in which a person has the sensation that they are moving, or that objects around them are moving, when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. It may be associated with nausea, vomiting, perspiration, or difficulties walking. It is typically worse when the head is moved.... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
20878009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20formal%20garden | French formal garden | The French formal garden, also called the , is a style of "landscape" garden based on symmetry and the principle of imposing order on nature. Its epitome is generally considered to be the Gardens of Versailles designed during the 17th century by the landscape architect André Le Nôtre for Louis XIV and widely copied by ... | Technology | Buildings and infrastructure | null |
10660257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendant%20group | Pendant group | In IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry, a pendant group (sometimes spelled pendent) or side group is a group of atoms attached to a backbone chain of a long molecule, usually a polymer. Pendant groups are different from pendant chains, as they are neither oligomeric nor polymeric.
For example, the phenyl groups are the pe... | Physical sciences | Concepts_2 | Chemistry |
1881328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus%20oxycedrus | Juniperus oxycedrus | Juniperus oxycedrus, vernacularly called Cade, cade juniper, prickly juniper, prickly cedar, or sharp cedar, is a species of juniper, native across the Mediterranean region, growing on a variety of rocky sites from sea level. The specific epithet oxycedrus means "sharp cedar" and this species may have been the original... | Biology and health sciences | Cupressaceae | Plants |
1881635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chironex%20fleckeri | Chironex fleckeri | Chironex fleckeri, commonly known as the Australian box jelly, and nicknamed the sea wasp, is a species of extremely venomous box jellyfish found in coastal waters from northern Australia and New Guinea to Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore, the Philippines and Vietnam. It has been described as "the most leth... | Biology and health sciences | Cnidarians | Animals |
1881649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmus%20laevis | Ulmus laevis | Ulmus laevis Pall., variously known as the European white elm, fluttering elm, spreading elm, stately elm and, in the United States, the Russian elm, is a large deciduous tree native to Europe, from France northeast to southern Finland, east beyond the Urals into Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, and southeast to Bulgaria and... | Biology and health sciences | Rosales | Plants |
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