id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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868953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital%20heart%20defect | Congenital heart defect | A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. A congenital heart defect is classed as a cardiovascular disease. Signs and symptoms depen... | Biology and health sciences | Cardiovascular disease | Health |
868983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretching | Stretching | Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group) is deliberately expanded and flexed in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone. The result is a feeling of increased muscle control, flexibility, and range of motion. Stretching is ... | Biology and health sciences | Physical fitness | Health |
869123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritis | Gastroenteritis | Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. This typically lasts less than two weeks. Although it is not relat... | Biology and health sciences | Illness and injury | null |
869797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurospora%20crassa | Neurospora crassa | Neurospora crassa is a type of red bread mold of the phylum Ascomycota. The genus name, meaning 'nerve spore' in Greek, refers to the characteristic striations on the spores. The first published account of this fungus was from an infestation of French bakeries in 1843.
Neurospora crassa is used as a model organism be... | Biology and health sciences | Basics | Plants |
869868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20spirit | White spirit | White spirit (AU, UK and Ireland) or mineral spirits (US, Canada), also known as mineral turpentine (AU/NZ/ZA), turpentine substitute, and petroleum spirits, is a petroleum-derived clear liquid used as a common organic solvent in painting. There are also terms for specific kinds of white spirit, including Stoddard sol... | Physical sciences | Hydrocarbons | Chemistry |
869944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological%20formation | Geological formation | A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundame... | Physical sciences | Stratigraphy | Earth science |
1334840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga%20%28sturgeon%29 | Beluga (sturgeon) | The beluga (), also known as the beluga sturgeon or great sturgeon (Huso huso), is a species of anadromous fish in the sturgeon family (Acipenseridae) of the order Acipenseriformes. It is found primarily in the Caspian and Black Sea basins, and formerly in the Adriatic Sea. Based on maximum size, it is the third-most-... | Biology and health sciences | Acipenseriformes | Animals |
1335268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20badger | American badger | The American badger (Taxidea taxus) is a North American badger similar in appearance to the European badger, although not closely related. It is found in the western, central, and northeastern United States, northern Mexico, and south-central Canada to certain areas of southwestern British Columbia.
The American badg... | Biology and health sciences | Mustelidae | Animals |
1335820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhaler | Inhaler | An inhaler (puffer, asthma pump or allergy spray) is a medical device used for delivering medicines into the lungs through the work of a person's breathing. This allows medicines to be delivered to and absorbed in the lungs, which provides the ability for targeted medical treatment to this specific region of the body, ... | Biology and health sciences | General concepts_2 | Health |
1335911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usnea | Usnea | Usnea is a genus of fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel Adanson in 1763. Species in the genus grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard,... | Biology and health sciences | Lichens | Plants |
1337421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%207027 | NGC 7027 | NGC 7027, also known as the Jewel Bug Nebula or the Magic Carpet Nebula, is a very young and dense planetary nebula located around from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. Discovered in 1878 by Édouard Stephan using the reflector at Marseille Observatory, it is one of the smallest planetary nebulae and by far the most... | Physical sciences | Notable nebulae | Astronomy |
1338096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilth | Tilth | Tilth is a physical condition of soil, especially in relation to its suitability for planting or growing a crop. Factors that determine tilth include the formation and stability of aggregated soil particles, moisture content, degree of aeration, soil biota, rate of water infiltration and drainage. Tilth can change rapi... | Physical sciences | Soil science | Earth science |
1338741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peculiar%20galaxy | Peculiar galaxy | A peculiar galaxy is a galaxy of unusual size, shape, or composition. Between five and ten percent of known galaxies are categorized as peculiar. Astronomers have identified two types of peculiar galaxies: interacting galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN).
When two galaxies come close to each other, their mutual g... | Physical sciences | Galaxy classification | Astronomy |
25516868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochetellus%20glaber | Ochetellus glaber | Ochetellus glaber (also known as the black household ant) is a species of ant native to Australia. A member of the genus Ochetellus in the subfamily Dolichoderinae, it was described by Austrian entomologist Gustav Mayr in 1862. Aside from Australia, O. glaber has been introduced to a number of countries, including Chin... | Biology and health sciences | Hymenoptera | Animals |
21144218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20mass | Electron mass | In particle physics, the electron mass (symbol: ) is the mass of a stationary electron, also known as the invariant mass of the electron. It is one of the fundamental constants of physics. It has a value of about or about , which has an energy-equivalent of about or about .
Terminology
The term "rest mass" is somet... | Physical sciences | Mass and weight | Basics and measurement |
2719753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattered%20disc | Scattered disc | The scattered disc (or scattered disk) is a distant circumstellar disc in the Solar System that is sparsely populated by icy small Solar System bodies, which are a subset of the broader family of trans-Neptunian objects. The scattered-disc objects (SDOs) have orbital eccentricities ranging as high as 0.8, inclinations ... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
2720954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20analysis | Data analysis | Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in differ... | Physical sciences | Science basics | Basics and measurement |
2722105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer | Polarizer | A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations. It can filter a beam of light of undefined or mixed polarization into a beam of well-defined polarization, known as polarized light. Polarizers are used in many ... | Technology | Optics | null |
2726466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNi | SNi | In chemistry, Si (substitution nucleophilic internal) refers to a specific, regio-selective but not often encountered reaction mechanism for nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. The name was introduced by Cowdrey et al. in 1937 to label nucleophilic reactions which occur with retention of configuration, but later was e... | Physical sciences | Organic reactions | Chemistry |
27394479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrfalcon | Gyrfalcon | The gyrfalcon ( or ) (), also abbreviated as gyr, is a bird of prey from the genus Falco (falcons and kestrels) and the largest species of the family Falconidae. A high-latitude species, the gyrfalcon breeds on the Arctic coasts and tundra, the islands of northern North America and the Eurosiberian region, where it is ... | Biology and health sciences | Basics | Animals |
4998804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libellula | Libellula | Libellula is a genus of dragonflies, called chasers (in English) or skimmers (in American), in the family Libellulidae. They are distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Many have showy wing patterns.
Overview
The taxa Ladona (corporals) and Plathemis (whitetails) have been considered as s... | Biology and health sciences | Odonata | Animals |
5000404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20line | Field line | A field line is a graphical visual aid for visualizing vector fields. It consists of an imaginary integral curve which is tangent to the field vector at each point along its length. A diagram showing a representative set of neighboring field lines is a common way of depicting a vector field in scientific and mathemat... | Mathematics | Other | null |
1963231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caridina | Caridina | Caridina is a genus of freshwater atyid shrimp. They are widely found in tropical or subtropical water in Asia, Oceania and Africa. They are filter-feeders and omnivorous scavengers. They range from 0.9 to 9.8 mm (C. cantonensis) to 1.2–7.4 mm (C. serrata) in carapace length.
Taxonomy and species
There is evidence fo... | Biology and health sciences | Shrimps and prawns | Animals |
1965396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa%20%28animal%29 | Fossa (animal) | The fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox; or ; ) is a slender, long-tailed, cat-like mammal that is endemic to Madagascar. It is a member of the carnivoran family Eupleridae.
The fossa is the largest mammalian carnivore on Madagascar and has been compared to a small cougar, as it has convergently evolved many cat-like feature... | Biology and health sciences | Other carnivora | Animals |
1966070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%28II%29%20acetate | Lead(II) acetate | Lead(II) acetate is a white crystalline chemical compound with a slightly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is usually expressed as or , where Ac represents the acetyl group. Like many other lead compounds, it causes lead poisoning. Lead acetate is soluble in water and glycerin. With water it forms the trihydrate, , a... | Physical sciences | Acetates | Chemistry |
1966840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria%20meningitidis | Neisseria meningitidis | Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as the meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically a diplococcus because of... | Biology and health sciences | Gram-negative bacteria | Plants |
1967137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QCD%20vacuum | QCD vacuum | The QCD vacuum is the quantum vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is an example of a non-perturbative vacuum state, characterized by non-vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate and the quark condensate in the complete theory which includes quarks. The presence of these condensates characterizes ... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
8528731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carassius | Carassius | Carassius is a genus in the ray-finned fish family Cyprinidae. Most species in this genus are commonly known as crucian carps, though that term often refers specifically to C. carassius. The most well known species is the goldfish (C. auratus). They have a Eurasian distribution, apparently originating further to the w... | Biology and health sciences | Cypriniformes | Animals |
6567126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20metre%20per%20second | Cubic metre per second | Cubic metre per second or cubic meter per second in American English (symbol m3s−1 or m3/s) is the unit of volumetric flow rate in the International System of Units (SI). It corresponds to the exchange or movement of the volume of a cube with sides of in length (a cubic meter, originally a stere) each second. It is p... | Physical sciences | Volumetric flow rate | Basics and measurement |
20063724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colored%20gold | Colored gold | Colored gold is the name given to any gold that has been treated using techniques to change its natural color. Pure gold is slightly reddish yellow in color, but colored gold can come in a variety of different colors by alloying it with different elements.
Colored golds can be classified in three groups:
Alloys with ... | Physical sciences | Specific alloys | Chemistry |
22641228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplanter | Transplanter | A transplanter is an agricultural machine used for transplanting seedlings to the field. Transplanters greatly reduce time required to transplant seedlings compared to manual transplanting. Among the crops that are transplanted with transplanters are strawberries, vegetables, tomatoes, cabbages, tobacco and rice.
Semi... | Technology | Farm and garden machinery | null |
24130500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoney%20units | Stoney units | In physics, the Stoney units form a system of units named after the Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney, who first proposed them in 1881. They are the earliest example of natural units, i.e., a coherent set of units of measurement designed so that chosen physical constants fully define and are included in the set.
... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
25532030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20metamaterial | Nonlinear metamaterial | A nonlinear metamaterial is an artificially constructed material that can exhibit properties not yet found in nature. Its response to electromagnetic radiation can be characterized by its permittivity and material permeability. The product of the permittivity and permeability results in the refractive index. Unlike nat... | Physical sciences | Basics_3 | Physics |
28661667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmotrema%20perlatum | Parmotrema perlatum | Parmotrema perlatum, commonly known as the powdered ruffle lichen, is a common species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. The species has a cosmopolitan distribution and occurs throughout the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Parmotrema perlatum is a prominent and widely recognised species within its genus ... | Biology and health sciences | Lichens | Plants |
27046146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic%20logic%20unit | Arithmetic logic unit | In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits,... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
2728240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnallite | Carnallite | Carnallite (also carnalite) is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated potassium magnesium chloride with formula KCl.MgCl2·6(H2O). It is variably colored yellow to white, reddish, and sometimes colorless or blue. It is usually massive to fibrous with rare pseudohexagonal orthorhombic crystals. The mineral is deliquescent (abs... | Physical sciences | Sedimentary rocks | Earth science |
2729585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working%20animal | Working animal | A working animal is an animal, usually domesticated, that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks instead of being slaughtered to harvest animal products. Some are used for their physical strength (e.g. oxen and draft horses) or for transportation (e.g. riding horses and camels), while others are service animals... | Technology | Agriculture, labor and economy | null |
5006326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix%20nigra | Salix nigra | Salix nigra, the black willow, is a species of willow native to a large portion of North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Arizona and California, and south to northern Florida and Texas.
Description
Salix nigra is a medium-sized deciduous tree, the largest North American species of willow, gr... | Biology and health sciences | Malpighiales | Plants |
5009517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20snake | Sea snake | Sea snakes, or coral reef snakes, are elapid snakes that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives. They belong to two subfamilies, Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae. Hydrophiinae also includes Australasian terrestrial snakes, whereas Laticaudinae only includes the sea kraits (Laticauda), of which three sp... | Biology and health sciences | Reptiles | null |
27401902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20thermarum | Nymphaea thermarum | Nymphaea thermarum, also known as Pygmy Rwandan water lily, is a species of water lily that is endemic to Rwanda. Once thought to be extinct in the wild, all wild plants were believed to be lost due to destruction of its native habitat, but it was thought to be saved from extinction when it was grown from seed at the R... | Biology and health sciences | Nymphaeales | Plants |
27404990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell | Haskell | Haskell () is a general-purpose, statically-typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation. Designed for teaching, research, and industrial applications, Haskell has pioneered several programming language features such as type classes, which enable type-safe operator overloading, ... | Technology | Programming languages | null |
145550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flechette | Flechette | A flechette or flèchette ( ) is a pointed, fin-stabilized steel projectile. The name comes from French (from flèche), meaning "little arrow" or "dart", and sometimes retains the grave accent in English: flèchette. They have been used as ballistic weapons since World War I. Delivery systems and methods of launching fl... | Technology | Ammunition | null |
145672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx%20cat | Manx cat | The Manx cat (, in earlier times often spelled Manks) is a breed of domestic cat (Felis catus) originating on the Isle of Man, with a mutation that shortens the tail. Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the bre... | Biology and health sciences | Cats | Animals |
145694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic%20trench | Oceanic trench | Oceanic trenches are prominent, long, narrow topographic depressions of the ocean floor. They are typically wide and below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor, but can be thousands of kilometers in length. There are about of oceanic trenches worldwide, mostly around the Pacific Ocean, but also in the eastern ... | Physical sciences | Oceanic and coastal landforms | null |
145700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust%20%28geology%29 | Crust (geology) | In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).
The crusts of Earth, Mercury, ... | Physical sciences | Geology | null |
145703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasia | Laurasia | Laurasia () was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around (Mya), the other being Gondwana. It separated from Gondwana (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pangaea, drifting farther north after the split and finally broke apart with th... | Physical sciences | Paleogeography | Earth science |
145716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere | Lithosphere | A lithosphere () is the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distin... | Physical sciences | Geology | null |
145717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenosphere | Asthenosphere | The asthenosphere () is the mechanically weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth. It lies below the lithosphere, at a depth between c. below the surface, and extends as deep as . However, the lower boundary of the asthenosphere is not well defined.
The asthenosphere is almost solid, but a slight amount o... | Physical sciences | Tectonics | Earth science |
145753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere | Hydrosphere | The hydrosphere () is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, it continues to change in shape. This is caused by seafloor spreading and continental drift, which rearranges t... | Physical sciences | Water: General | null |
145772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20web | Food web | A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Position in the food web, or trophic level, is used in ecology to broadly classify organisms as autotrophs or heterotrophs. This is a non-binary classification; some organisms (such as ... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | Biology |
145773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoy | Buoy | A buoy (; ) is a floating device that can have many purposes. It can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents.
History
The ultimate origin of buoys is unknown, but by 1295 a seaman's manual referred to navigation buoys in the Guadalquivir River in Spain. To the north there are early medieval ... | Technology | Naval transport | null |
145813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction | Subduction | Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at the convergent boundaries between tectonic plates. Where one tectonic plate converges with a second plate, the heavier plate dives beneath the other and sinks into the mantle. A re... | Physical sciences | Tectonics | Earth science |
145865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per%20notation | Parts-per notation | In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction. Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are ... | Physical sciences | Concentration | Basics and measurement |
146000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala | Amygdala | The amygdala (; : amygdalae or amygdalas; also ; Latin from Greek, , , 'almond', 'tonsil') is a paired nuclear complex present in the cerebral hemispheres of vertebrates. It is considered part of the limbic system. In primates, it is located medially within the temporal lobes. It consists of many nuclei, each made up... | Biology and health sciences | Nervous system | Biology |
146031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan%20cat | Himalayan cat | The Himalayan (short for Himalayan Persian, or Colourpoint Persian as it is commonly referred to in Europe), is a breed or sub-breed of long-haired cat similar in type to the Persian, with the exception of its blue eyes and its point colouration, which were derived from crossing the Persian with the Siamese. Some regis... | Biology and health sciences | Cats | Animals |
146038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon%20Rex | Devon Rex | The Devon Rex is a tall-eared, short-haired breed of cat that emerged in England during the late 1950s. The breed is known for its atypical appearance, with an oddly shaped head, large eyes, and the short and wavy coat.
History
Origin
Beryl Cox came across a novel curly-coated kitten in Buckfastleigh, Devon in 1960 w... | Biology and health sciences | Cats | Animals |
146048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birman | Birman | The Birman, also called the "Sacred Cat of Burma", is a domestic cat breed. The Birman is a long-haired, colour-pointed cat distinguished by a silky coat, deep blue eyes, and contrasting white "gloves" on each paw.
The breed name is derived from Birmanie, the French form of Burma. The breed was first recognised in 192... | Biology and health sciences | Cats | Animals |
146072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%20%28biology%29 | Stress (biology) | Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the body. In humans and most mammals, the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pitui... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness | null |
146103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20system | Nonlinear system | In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonli... | Mathematics | Dynamical systems | null |
146151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Metro | Washington Metro | The Washington Metro, often abbreviated as the Metro and formally the Metrorail, is a rapid transit system serving the Washington metropolitan area of the United States. It is administered by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), which also operates the Metrobus service under the Metro name. Opene... | Technology | United States | null |
146181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys%20Ocean | Tethys Ocean | The Tethys Ocean ( ; ), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era and early-mid Cenozoic Era. It was the predecessor to the modern Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Eurasian inland marine basins (primarily represented today by the Black Sea and Cas... | Physical sciences | Paleogeography | Earth science |
146227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports%20car | Sports car | A sports car is a type of car that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Definition
Definitions ... | Technology | Motorized road transport | null |
146230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceberg | Iceberg | An iceberg is a piece of fresh water ice more than long that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water. Smaller chunks of floating glacially derived ice are called "growlers" or "bergy bits". Much of an iceberg is below the water's surface, which led to the expression "tip of the ic... | Physical sciences | Glaciology | null |
146237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osprey | Osprey | The osprey (; Pandion haliaetus), historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than in length and across the wings. It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts.
T... | Biology and health sciences | Accipitriformes and Falconiformes | null |
146249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s%20outer%20core | Earth's outer core | Earth's outer core is a fluid layer about thick, composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. The outer core begins approximately beneath Earth's surface is at the core-mantle boundary and ends beneath Earth's surface at the inner core boundary.
Properties
The ... | Physical sciences | Geophysics | null |
146250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-14 | Carbon-14 | Carbon-14, C-14, C or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon with an atomic nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Its presence in organic matter is the basis of the radiocarbon dating method pioneered by Willard Libby and colleagues (1949) to date archaeological, geological and hydrogeological samples. ... | Physical sciences | Group 14 | Chemistry |
146253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock%20wave | Shock wave | In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium. Like an ordinary wave, a shock wave carries energy and can propagate through a medium, but is characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous, change in press... | Physical sciences | Waves | Physics |
146290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20emergency | Medical emergency | A medical emergency is an acute injury or illness that poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health, sometimes referred to as a situation risking "life or limb". These emergencies may require assistance from another, qualified person, as some of these emergencies, such as cardiovascular (heart), respi... | Biology and health sciences | General concepts | Health |
146311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock%20%28circulatory%29 | Shock (circulatory) | Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst. This may be followed by confusion, unconsciousness, or cardiac arrest, as ... | Biology and health sciences | Injury | null |
146315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding | Bleeding | Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decre... | Biology and health sciences | Injury | null |
146317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulance | Ambulance | An ambulance is a medically-equipped vehicle used to transport patients to treatment facilities, such as hospitals. Typically, out-of-hospital medical care is provided to the patient during the transport. Ambulances are used to respond to medical emergencies by emergency medical services (EMS), and can rapidly transpor... | Technology | Transport | null |
146351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital%20ship | Hospital ship | A hospital ship is a ship designated for primary function as a floating medical treatment facility or hospital. Most are operated by the military forces (mostly navies) of various countries, as they are intended to be used in or near war zones. In the 19th century, redundant warships were used as moored hospitals for s... | Technology | Naval transport | null |
146363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20engine | Fire engine | A fire engine or fire truck (also spelled firetruck) is a vehicle, usually a specially-designed or modified truck, that functions as a firefighting apparatus. The primary purposes of a fire engine include transporting firefighters and water to an incident as well as carrying equipment for firefighting operations in a f... | Technology | Specific-purpose transportation | null |
146384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defibrillation | Defibrillation | Defibrillation is a treatment for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, specifically ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) and non-perfusing ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach). A defibrillator delivers a dose of electric current (often called a counter-shock) to the heart. Although not fully understood, this process depolariz... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
146393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth-to-mouth%20resuscitation | Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation | Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, a form of artificial ventilation, is the act of assisting or stimulating respiration in which a rescuer presses their mouth against that of the victim and blows air into the person's lungs. Artificial respiration takes many forms, but generally entails providing air for a person who is not... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
146396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal%20intubation | Tracheal intubation | Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. It is frequently performed in critically injured, ill, or anesthetized patients to facilit... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
146444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opabinia | Opabinia | Opabinia regalis is an extinct, stem group arthropod found in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Lagerstätte (505 million years ago) of British Columbia. Opabinia was a soft-bodied animal, measuring up to 7 cm in body length, and had a segmented trunk with flaps along its sides and a fan-shaped tail. The head showed unu... | Biology and health sciences | Fossil arthropods | Animals |
146539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence | Senescence | Senescence () or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms. Whole organism senescence involves an increase in death rates or a decrease in fecundity with increasing age, at least in the later part of an organism's life cycle. However, the resulting effects of senesc... | Biology and health sciences | Fields of medicine | Health |
146635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamship | Steamship | A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is a type of steam-powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically move (turn) propellers or paddlewheels. The first steamships came into practical usage during the early 19th century; however, there were e... | Technology | Maritime transport | null |
146806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20relation | Recurrence relation | In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.... | Mathematics | Sequences | null |
146808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-lethal%20weapon | Non-lethal weapon | Non-lethal weapons , also called nonlethal weapons, less-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, compliance weapons, or pain-inducing weapons are weapons intended to be less likely to kill a living target than conventional weapons such as knives and firearms with live ammunition. It is often under... | Technology | Less-lethal weapons | null |
146839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram | Gram | The gram (originally gramme; SI unit symbol g) is a unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one thousandth of a kilogram.
Originally defined as of 1795 as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre [1 cm3], and at the temperature of melting... | Physical sciences | Mass and weight | Basics and measurement |
146879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia | Hypothermia | Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below in humans. Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia, there is shivering and mental confusion. In moderate hypothermia, shivering stops and confusion increases. In severe hypothermia, there may be hallucinations and paradoxical undressing, in which ... | Biology and health sciences | Injury | null |
146924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20engine | Radial engine | The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel. It resembles a stylized star when viewed from the front, and is called a "star engine" in some other languages.
The radial configuration was c... | Technology | Aircraft components | null |
146977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB | DVB | Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of international open standards for digital television. DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, an international industry consortium, and are published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committe... | Technology | Broadcasting | null |
146983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s%20magnetic%20field | Earth's magnetic field | Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun. The magnetic field is generated by electric currents due to the motion of convection c... | Physical sciences | Geophysics | null |
147003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteresis | Hysteresis | Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field, depending on how the field changed in the past. Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are differen... | Physical sciences | Physics basics: General | Physics |
147019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabird | Seabird | Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and feeding niches have resulted in similar adaptations. The fi... | Biology and health sciences | General articles | null |
147020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene | Hygiene | Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped int... | Biology and health sciences | Health, fitness, and medicine | null |
147190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground%20stone | Ground stone | In archaeology, ground stone is a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained tool stone, either purposely or incidentally. Ground stone tools are usually made of basalt, rhyolite, granite, or other cryptocrystalline and igneous stones whose coarse structure makes them ideal for grinding other ma... | Technology | Hand tools | null |
147203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene%20glycol | Polyethylene glycol | {{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477163023
| Name =
| ImageFile = PEG Structural Formula V1.svg
| ImageFile2 = Polyethylene glycol 400.jpg
| ImageName2 = Polyethylene glycol 400
| IUPACName = poly(oxyethylene) {structure-based}, poly(ethylen... | Physical sciences | Polymers | Chemistry |
147235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20units%20of%20measurement | Chinese units of measurement | Chinese units of measurement, known in Chinese as the shìzhì ("market system"), are the traditional units of measurement of the Han Chinese. Although Chinese numerals have been decimal (base-10) since the Shang, several Chinese measures use hexadecimal (base-16). Local applications have varied, but the Chinese dynastie... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
147242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane%20rating | Octane rating | An octane rating, or octane number, is a standard measure of a fuel's ability to withstand compression in an internal combustion engine without causing engine knocking. The higher the octane number, the more compression the fuel can withstand before detonating. Octane rating does not relate directly to the power output... | Physical sciences | Hydrocarbons | Chemistry |
147252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration%20by%20parts | Integration by parts | In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by parts or partial integration is a process that finds the integral of a product of functions in terms of the integral of the product of their derivative and antiderivative. It is frequently used to transform the antiderivative of a product of funct... | Mathematics | Integral calculus | null |
147341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog | Bog | A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; alkaline mires are called fens. A bayhead is another type of bog found in the fo... | Physical sciences | Wetlands | null |
147460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20variables%20and%20bound%20variables | Free variables and bound variables | In mathematics, and in other disciplines involving formal languages, including mathematical logic and computer science, a variable may be said to be either free or bound. Some older books use the terms real variable and apparent variable for free variable and bound variable, respectively. A free variable is a notation ... | Mathematics | Mathematical logic | null |
147484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20pathology | Plant pathology | Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant... | Biology and health sciences | Botany | Biology |
147518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder | Ladder | A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or steps commonly used for climbing or descending. There are two types: rigid ladders that are self-supporting or that may be leaned against a vertical surface such as a wall, and rollable ladders, such as those made of rope or aluminium, that may be hung from the top. Th... | Technology | Architectural elements | null |
147536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20oxide | Calcium oxide | Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term lime connotes calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silico... | Physical sciences | Alkali oxide salts | Chemistry |
147566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20cycle | Otto cycle | An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile engines.
The Otto cycle is a description of what happens to a gas as it is subjected to changes of pressure, temperature, volume,... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
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