id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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1975073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic%20ecosystem | Aquatic ecosystem | An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and fresh... | Physical sciences | Water: General | Earth science |
1975220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labia | Labia | The labia are the major externally visible structures of the vulva. In humans and other primates, there are two pairs of labia: the labia majora (outer lips) are large and thick folds of skin that cover the vulva's other parts, while the labia minora (inner lips) are the folds of skin between the outer labia that surro... | Biology and health sciences | Human anatomy | Health |
1975821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew%20lines | Skew lines | In three-dimensional geometry, skew lines are two lines that do not intersect and are not parallel. A simple example of a pair of skew lines is the pair of lines through opposite edges of a regular tetrahedron. Two lines that both lie in the same plane must either cross each other or be parallel, so skew lines can exi... | Mathematics | Three-dimensional space | null |
1975956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20potential%20energy | Electric potential energy | Electric potential energy is a potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration of a particular set of point charges within a defined system. An object may be said to have electric potential energy by virtue of either its own electric charge or... | Physical sciences | Electrostatics | Physics |
1976413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent%20evolution | Divergent evolution | Divergent evolution or divergent selection is the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, sometimes leading to speciation. Divergent evolution is typically exhibited when two populations become separated by a geographic barrier (such as in allopatric or peripatric speciation) a... | Biology and health sciences | Basics_4 | Biology |
1976615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanephrops%20challengeri | Metanephrops challengeri | Metanephrops challengeri (commonly known as the New Zealand lobster or New Zealand scampi) is a species of slim, pink lobster that lives around the coast of New Zealand. It is typically long and weighs around . The carapace and abdomen are smooth, and adults are white with pink and brown markings and a conspicuous pai... | Biology and health sciences | Crayfishes and lobsters | Animals |
1977416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile%20monitor | Nile monitor | The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) is a large member of the monitor family (Varanidae) found throughout most of Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in drier regions, and along the Nile River and its tributaries in East Africa. Additionally, there are modern, invasive populations in North America. The population found in... | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
875134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic%20halo | Galactic halo | A galactic halo is an extended, roughly spherical component of a galaxy which extends beyond the main, visible component. Several distinct components of a galaxy comprise its halo:
the stellar halo
the galactic corona (hot gas, i.e. a plasma)
the dark matter halo
The distinction between the halo and the main body ... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
875148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20of%20cetaceans | Evolution of cetaceans | The evolution of cetaceans is thought to have begun in the Indian subcontinent from even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) 50 million years ago (mya) and to have proceeded over a period of at least 15 million years. Cetaceans are fully aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla and branched off from other artiodac... | Biology and health sciences | Cetaceans | Animals |
875176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colemanite | Colemanite | Colemanite (Ca2B6O11·5H2O) or (CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O) is a borate mineral found in evaporite deposits of alkaline lacustrine environments. Colemanite is a secondary mineral that forms by alteration of borax and ulexite.
It was first described in 1884 for an occurrence near Furnace Creek in Death Valley and was named after W... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
875205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuprite | Cuprite | Cuprite is an oxide mineral composed of copper(I) oxide Cu2O, and is a minor ore of copper.
Its dark crystals with red internal reflections are in the isometric system hexoctahedral class, appearing as cubic, octahedral, or dodecahedral forms, or in combinations. Penetration twins frequently occur. In spite of its nic... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
875336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realgar | Realgar | Realgar ( ), also known as arsenic blende, ruby sulphur or ruby of arsenic, is an arsenic sulfide mineral with the chemical formula α-. It is a soft, sectile mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, or in granular, compact, or powdery form, often in association with the related mineral, orpiment (). It is orange-red i... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
875354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllite | Phyllite | Phyllite ( ) is a type of foliated metamorphic rock formed from slate that is further metamorphosed so that very fine grained white mica achieves a preferred orientation. It is primarily composed of quartz, sericite mica, and chlorite.
Phyllite has fine-grained mica flakes, whereas slate has extremely fine mica flakes... | Physical sciences | Metamorphic rocks | Earth science |
875372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolusite | Pyrolusite | Pyrolusite is a mineral consisting essentially of manganese dioxide (MnO2) and is important as an ore of manganese. It is a black, amorphous appearing mineral, often with a granular, fibrous, or columnar structure, sometimes forming reniform crusts. It has a metallic luster, a black or bluish-black streak, and readily... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
875405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheelite | Scheelite | Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral with the chemical formula CaWO4. It is an important ore of tungsten (wolfram). Scheelite is originally named after Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786). Well-formed crystals are sought by collectors and are occasionally fashioned into gemstones when suitably free of ... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
875418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siderite | Siderite | Siderite is a mineral composed of iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3). Its name comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "iron". A valuable iron ore, it consists of 48% iron and lacks sulfur and phosphorus. Zinc, magnesium, and manganese commonly substitute for the iron, resulting in the siderite-smithsonite, siderite-mag... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
875533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollastonite | Wollastonite | Wollastonite is a calcium inosilicate mineral (CaSiO3) that may contain small amounts of iron, magnesium, and manganese substituting for calcium. It is usually white. It forms when impure limestone or dolomite is subjected to high temperature and pressure, which sometimes occurs in the presence of silica-bearing fluids... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
875717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant%20ship | Merchant ship | A merchant ship, merchant vessel, trading vessel, or merchantman is a watercraft that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This is in contrast to pleasure craft, which are used for personal recreation, and naval ships, which are used for military purposes.
They come in myriad sizes and shapes, from inflat... | Technology | Maritime transport | null |
875900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20of%20water | Body of water | A body of water or waterbody is any significant accumulation of water on the surface of Earth or another planet. The term most often refers to oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; rivers,... | Physical sciences | Hydrology | null |
876428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent%20series | Divergent series | In mathematics, a divergent series is an infinite series that is not convergent, meaning that the infinite sequence of the partial sums of the series does not have a finite limit.
If a series converges, the individual terms of the series must approach zero. Thus any series in which the individual terms do not approach... | Mathematics | Sequences and series | null |
876719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPT%20vaccine | DPT vaccine | The DPT vaccine or DTP vaccine is a class of combination vaccines to protect
against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus (lockjaw). The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and either killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis or... | Biology and health sciences | Vaccines | Health |
877127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastener | Fastener | A fastener (US English) or fastening (UK English) is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together. In general, fasteners are used to create non-permanent joints; that is, joints that can be removed or dismantled without damaging the joining components. Steel fasteners are usually ma... | Technology | Components_2 | null |
5024887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20eclipse | Solar eclipse | A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs approximately every six months, during the eclipse season in its new moon phase, when the Moon's orbital plane is closest to the plane o... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | null |
3702612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True%20toad | True toad | A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
History
Bufonidae... | Biology and health sciences | Amphibians | null |
3704228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe%20%28fluid%20conveyance%29 | Pipe (fluid conveyance) | A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow — liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids. It can also be used for structural applications; a hollow pipe is far stiffer per unit weight... | Technology | Components_2 | null |
3705573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonopsia | Gorgonopsia | Gorgonopsia (from the Greek Gorgon, a mythological beast, and 'aspect') is an extinct clade of sabre-toothed therapsids from the Middle to the Upper Permian, roughly between 270 and 252 million years ago. They are characterised by a long and narrow skull, as well as elongated upper and sometimes lower canine teeth and... | Biology and health sciences | Proto-mammals | Animals |
21183492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-sea%20community | Deep-sea community | A deep-sea community is any community of organisms associated by a shared habitat in the deep sea. Deep sea communities remain largely unexplored, due to the technological and logistical challenges and expense involved in visiting this remote biome. Because of the unique challenges (particularly the high barometric pre... | Physical sciences | Water: General | Earth science |
21188370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel | Fuel | A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy, such as nuclear e... | Technology | Energy and fuel | null |
6595512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy%20%28Australopithecus%29 | Lucy (Australopithecus) | AL 288-1, commonly known as Lucy or Dinkinesh (), is a collection of several hundred pieces of fossilized bone comprising 40 percent of the skeleton of a female of the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis. It was discovered in 1974 in Ethiopia, at Hadar, a site in the Awash Valley of the Afar Triangle, by Donald ... | Biology and health sciences | Australopithecines | Biology |
18914017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s%20disease | Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (in... | Biology and health sciences | Non-infectious disease | null |
2740949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mott%20insulator | Mott insulator | Mott insulators are a class of materials that are expected to conduct electricity according to conventional band theories, but turn out to be insulators (particularly at low temperatures). These insulators fail to be correctly described by band theories of solids due to their strong electron–electron interactions, whic... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Physics |
2741037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%20functor | Hom functor | In mathematics, specifically in category theory, hom-sets (i.e. sets of morphisms between objects) give rise to important functors to the category of sets. These functors are called hom-functors and have numerous applications in category theory and other branches of mathematics.
Formal definition
Let C be a locally sm... | Mathematics | Category theory | null |
2741315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20activity | Physical activity | Physical activity is defined as any voluntary bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical activity encompasses all activities, at any intensity, performed during any time of day or night. It includes both voluntary exercise and incidental activity integrated into the daily r... | Biology and health sciences | Physical fitness | Health |
2741870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level%20%28optical%20instrument%29 | Level (optical instrument) | A level is an optical instrument used to establish or verify points in the same horizontal plane in a process known as levelling. It is used in conjunction with a levelling staff to establish the relative height or levels (the vertical separation) of objects or marks. It is widely used in surveying and construction to ... | Technology | Surveying tools | null |
2743476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20escape | Atmospheric escape | Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape; these processes can be divided into thermal escape, non-thermal (or suprathermal) escape, and impact erosion. The relative importance of each loss process depends on ... | Physical sciences | Atmosphere: General | Earth science |
25563683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20garden | Spanish garden | A traditional Spanish garden is a style of garden or designed landscape developed in historic Spain. Especially in the United States, the term tends to be used for a garden design style with a formal arrangement that evokes, usually not very precisely, the sort of plan and planting developed in southern Spain, incorpor... | Technology | Buildings and infrastructure | null |
523217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama%20Large%20Millimeter%20Array | Atacama Large Millimeter Array | The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The array has been constructed on the elevation Chajnantor plateau – near the Ll... | Technology | Ground-based observatories | null |
523380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatillo | Tomatillo | The tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica and Physalis ixocarpa), also known as the Mexican husk tomato, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical, and green or green-purple fruit of the same name. Tomatillos originated in Mexico and were cultivated in the pre-Columbian era. A staple of Mexican cuisine, ... | Biology and health sciences | Botanical fruits used as culinary vegetables | Plants |
523382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVE | AVE | Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) is a high-speed rail service operated by Renfe, the Spanish State railway company.
The first AVE service was inaugurated in 1992, with the introduction of the first Spanish high-speed railway connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.
In addition to Renfe's use of the Administ... | Technology | High-speed rail | null |
523404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uakari | Uakari | Uakari (, ) is the common name for the New World monkeys of the genus Cacajao. Both the English and scientific names are believed to have originated from indigenous languages.
The uakaris are unusual among New World monkeys in that the tail length (15–18 cm) is substantially less than their head and body length (40–45... | Biology and health sciences | New World monkeys | Animals |
523475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%20Train%20Express | Korea Train Express | Korea Train eXpress (), often known as KTX (), is South Korea's high-speed rail system, operated by Korail. Construction began on the high-speed line from Seoul to Busan in 1992. KTX services were launched on April 1, 2004.
From Seoul Station the KTX lines radiate with stops at Seoul Station, Yongsan station towards B... | Technology | High-speed rail | null |
523680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretcher | Stretcher | A stretcher, gurney, litter, or pram is an apparatus used for moving patients who require medical care. A basic type (cot or litter) must be carried by two or more people. A wheeled stretcher (known as a gurney, trolley, bed or cart) is often equipped with variable height frames, wheels, tracks, or skids.
Stretchers ... | Technology | Equipment | null |
523770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caramelization | Caramelization | Caramelization is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: (C24H36O18), (C36H50O25), and (C125H188O80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl (known for its intense ... | Physical sciences | Organic reactions | Chemistry |
523932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Eastern%20Railway | Chinese Eastern Railway | The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (, , or , Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga or KVZhD), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (also known as Manchuria).
The Russian Empire constructed the line from 1897 to 1902 during the Great Game period. The Railway was a concession to Russia, and la... | Technology | Railway lines | null |
524003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20and%20external%20angles | Internal and external angles | In geometry, an angle of a polygon is formed by two adjacent sides. For a simple polygon (non-self-intersecting), regardless of whether it is convex or non-convex, this angle is called an internal angle (or interior angle) if a point within the angle is in the interior of the polygon. A polygon has exactly one interna... | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
524122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre%E2%80%93tonne%E2%80%93second%20system%20of%20units | Metre–tonne–second system of units | The metre–tonne–second (MTS) system of units was invented in France (hence the derived unit names sthène and pièze) where it became the legal system between 1919 and 1961. It was adopted by the Soviet Union in 1933 and abolished there in 1955. It was a coherent metric system of units, much as SI (itself a refinement of... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
524124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercharge | Hypercharge | In particle physics, the hypercharge (a portmanteau of hyperonic and charge) Y of a particle is a quantum number conserved under the strong interaction. The concept of hypercharge provides a single charge operator that accounts for properties of isospin, electric charge, and flavour. The hypercharge is useful to classi... | Physical sciences | Quantum numbers | Physics |
524283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merino | Merino | The Merino is a breed or group of breeds of domestic sheep, characterised by very fine soft wool. It was established in Spain near the end of the Middle Ages, and was for several centuries kept as a strict Spanish monopoly; exports of the breed were not allowed, and those who tried risked capital punishment. During the... | Biology and health sciences | Sheep | null |
524383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranunculus | Ranunculus | Ranunculus is a large genus of about 1750 species of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. Members of the genus are known as buttercups, spearworts and water crowfoots.
The genus is distributed worldwide, primarily in temperate and montane regions. The familiar and widespread buttercup of gardens throughout N... | Biology and health sciences | Ranunculales | Plants |
524466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique%20%28graph%20theory%29 | Clique (graph theory) | In graph theory, a clique ( or ) is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent. That is, a clique of a graph is an induced subgraph of that is complete. Cliques are one of the basic concepts of graph theory and are used in many other mathematical probl... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
525073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bighorn%20sheep | Bighorn sheep | The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a species of sheep native to North America. It is named for its large horns. A pair of horns may weigh up to ; the sheep typically weigh up to . Recent genetic testing indicates three distinct subspecies of Ovis canadensis, one of which is endangered: O. c. sierrae.
Sheep origin... | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
525310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20finger | Middle finger | The middle finger, long finger, second finger, third finger, toll finger or tall man is the third digit of the human hand, located between the index finger and the ring finger. It is typically the longest digit. In anatomy, it is also called the third finger, digitus medius, digitus tertius or digitus III.
Overview
I... | Biology and health sciences | Human anatomy | Health |
525465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock%20and%20key | Lock and key | A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object (such as a key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card, security token or coin), by supplying secret information (such as a number or letter permutation or password), by a combination thereof, or it may only be able to be opened from o... | Technology | Components_2 | null |
525538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoil | Topsoil | Topsoil is the upper layer of soil. It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs.
Description
Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these m... | Physical sciences | Soil science | Earth science |
525737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin%20U-Bahn | Berlin U-Bahn | The Berlin U-Bahn (; short for , "underground railway") is a rapid transit system in Berlin, the capital and largest city of Germany, and a major part of the city's public transport system. Together with the S-Bahn, a network of suburban train lines, and a tram network that operates mostly in the eastern parts of the c... | Technology | Germany | null |
525887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density%20of%20states | Density of states | In condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of allowed modes or states per unit energy range. The density of states is defined as where is the number of states in the system of volume whose energies lie in the range from to . It is mathematically represented as a distri... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
526042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedna%20%28dwarf%20planet%29 | Sedna (dwarf planet) | Sedna (minor-planet designation: 90377 Sedna) is a dwarf planet in the outermost reaches of the Solar System, orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. Discovered in 2003, the planetoid's surface is one of the reddest known among Solar System bodies. Spectroscopy has revealed Sedna's surface to be mostly a mixture ... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
526164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian%20plate | Arabian plate | The Arabian plate is a minor tectonic plate in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres.
It is one of the three continental plates (along with the African and Indian plates) that have been moving northward in geological history and colliding with the Eurasian plate. This collision is resulting in a mingling of plate piece... | Physical sciences | Tectonic plates | Earth science |
20110668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered%20species | Endangered species | An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, invasive species, and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Natu... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | null |
20110824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity | Infinity | Infinity is something which is boundless, endless, or larger than any natural number. It is denoted by , the infinity symbol.
From the time of the ancient Greeks, the philosophical nature of infinity has been the subject of many discussions among philosophers. In the 17th century, with the introduction of the infinity... | Mathematics | Analysis | null |
306364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20nitrogen | Liquid nitrogen | Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature. Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of about . It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air. It is a colorless, mobile liquid whose viscosity is about one-tenth that of acetone (i.e. roughly one-thirtieth that of water at ro... | Physical sciences | Group 15 | Chemistry |
306543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20analysis | Structural analysis | Structural analysis is a branch of solid mechanics which uses simplified models for solids like bars, beams and shells for engineering decision making. Its main objective is to determine the effect of loads on physical structures and their components. In contrast to theory of elasticity, the models used in structural ... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
306609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%203%20element | Group 3 element | |-
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Group 3 is the first group of transition metals in the periodic table. This group is closely related to the rare-earth elements. It contains the four elem... | Physical sciences | Group 3 | Chemistry |
306755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer%20Space%20Telescope | Spitzer Space Telescope | The Spitzer Space Telescope, formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), was an infrared space telescope launched in 2003, that was deactivated when operations ended on 30 January 2020. Spitzer was the third space telescope dedicated to infrared astronomy, following IRAS (1983) and ISO (1995–1998). It was t... | Technology | Space-based observatories | null |
306773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20quality | Water quality | Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monit... | Physical sciences | Water: General | Earth science |
307065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue%20engineering | Tissue engineering | Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of biological tissues. Tissue engineering often involves the use of cells placed on t... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
307156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20condor | California condor | The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is a New World vulture and the largest North American land bird. It became extinct in the wild in 1987 when all remaining wild individuals were captured, but has since been reintroduced to northern Arizona and southern Utah (including the Grand Canyon area and Zion Nation... | Biology and health sciences | Accipitrimorphae | Animals |
307157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean%20condor | Andean condor | The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is a South American New World vulture and is the only member of the genus Vultur. It is found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western South America. With a maximum wingspan of and weight of , the Andean condor is one of the largest flying birds in the world, and... | Biology and health sciences | Accipitrimorphae | Animals |
307491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishery | Fishery | Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life or, more commonly, the site where such enterprise takes place (a.k.a., fishing grounds). Commercial fisheries include wild fisheries and fish farms, both in freshwater waterbodies (about 10% of all catch) and the oceans (about ... | Technology | Buildings and infrastructure | null |
307556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocotyl | Hypocotyl | The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous stem", meaning "below seed leaf") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root).
Eudicots
As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root, and then pen... | Biology and health sciences | Plant anatomy and morphology: General | Biology |
307694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20shag | European shag | The European shag or common shag (Gulosus aristotelis) is a species of cormorant. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Gulosus. It breeds around the rocky coasts of western and southern Europe, southwest Asia and north Africa, mainly wintering in its breeding range except for the northernmost birds. In Britain ... | Biology and health sciences | Pelecanimorphae | Animals |
307795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | The ocean sunfish (Mola mola), also known as the common mola, is one of the largest bony fish in the world. It is the type species of the genus Mola, and one of five extant species in the family Molidae. It was once misidentified as the heaviest bony fish, which was actually a different and closely related species of s... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
307875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder | Shoulder | The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons.
The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohum... | Biology and health sciences | Human anatomy | Health |
308158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20energy | Vacuum energy | Vacuum energy is an underlying background energy that exists in space throughout the entire universe. The vacuum energy is a special case of zero-point energy that relates to the quantum vacuum.
The effects of vacuum energy can be experimentally observed in various phenomena such as spontaneous emission, the Casimir e... | Physical sciences | Particle physics: General | Physics |
308210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanite | Tanzanite | Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite (a calcium aluminium hydroxyl sorosilicate), caused by small amounts of vanadium. Tanzanite belongs to the epidote mineral group. Tanzanite is only found in Simanjiro District of Manyara Region in Tanzania, in a very small mining area approximately long a... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
308449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchus | Bronchus | A bronchus ( ; : bronchi, ) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The first or primary bronchi to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. These are the widest bronchi, and enter the right lung, and the left lung at ... | Biology and health sciences | Respiratory system | Biology |
308680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphisbaenia | Amphisbaenia | Amphisbaenia (called amphisbaenians or worm lizards) is a group of typically legless lizards, comprising over 200 extant species. Amphisbaenians are characterized by their long bodies, the reduction or loss of the limbs, and rudimentary eyes. As many species have a pink body and scales arranged in rings, they have a s... | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
308865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Physical sciences | Concepts_2 | Chemistry |
308870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-opening%20polymerization | Ring-opening polymerization | In polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a form of chain-growth polymerization in which the terminus of a polymer chain attacks cyclic monomers to form a longer polymer (see figure). The reactive center can be radical, anionic or cationic.
Ring-opening of cyclic monomers is often driven by the relief... | Physical sciences | Organic reactions | Chemistry |
309089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20personality%20disorder | Dependent personality disorder | Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs. Dependent personality disorder is a cluster C personality ... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
309208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic%20exercise | Aerobic exercise | Aerobic exercise, also known as cardio, is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. "Aerobic" is defined as "relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adeq... | Biology and health sciences | Physical fitness | Health |
309252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescence | Phosphorescence | Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. When exposed to light (radiation) of a shorter wavelength, a phosphorescent substance will glow, absorbing the light and reemitting it at a longer wavelength. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately reemit the radiation ... | Physical sciences | Electromagnetic radiation | Physics |
24169775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradation%20%28geology%29 | Degradation (geology) | In geology, degradation refers to the lowering of a fluvial surface, such as a stream bed or floodplain, through erosional processes. Degradation is the opposite of aggradation. Degradation is characteristic of channel networks in which either bedrock erosion is taking place, or in systems that are sediment-starved and... | Physical sciences | Sedimentology | Earth science |
21193982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal | Charcoal | Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, called charcoal burning, often by forming a charcoal kiln, the heat is supplied by... | Technology | Energy and fuel | null |
6603263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20transport%20aircraft | Military transport aircraft | A military transport aircraft, military cargo aircraft or airlifter is a military-owned transport aircraft used to support military operations by airlifting troops and military equipment. Transport aircraft are crucial to maintaining supply lines to forward bases that are difficult to reach by ground or waterborne acce... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
6609562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Longwool | Leicester Longwool | The Leicester Longwool is an English breed of sheep. Alternative names for the breed include: Leicester, Bakewell Leicester, Dishley Leicester, English Leicester, Improved Leicester and New Leicester. It was originally developed by 18th-century breeding innovator Robert Bakewell.
It is now one of Britain's rarest bree... | Biology and health sciences | Sheep | Animals |
6613070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20time | System time | In computer science and computer programming, system time represents a computer system's notion of the passage of time. In this sense, time also includes the passing of days on the calendar.
System time is measured by a system clock, which is typically implemented as a simple count of the number of ticks that have tr... | Technology | Computer architecture concepts | null |
6614349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20reproduction | Plant reproduction | Plant reproduction is the production of new offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from either parent. Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion... | Biology and health sciences | Plant reproduction | null |
3708293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vechur%20cattle | Vechur cattle | Vechur is a breed of zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, named after the village of Vechoor in Kerala, India. With an average length of 124 cm and height of 87 cm, it is the smallest cattle breed in the world according to the Guinness Book of Records, and is valued for the larger amount of milk it produces relative to the amoun... | Biology and health sciences | Miniature cattle | Animals |
3709072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian%20telescope | Gregorian telescope | The Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory in the 17th century, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hooke. James Gregory was a contemporary of Isaac Newton, and both often worked simultaneously on similar projects. Gregory's design was publish... | Technology | Telescope | null |
3716072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull%20and%20terrier | Bull and terrier | Bull and terrier was a common name for crossbreeds between bulldogs and terriers in the early 1800s. Other names included half-and-halfs and half-breds. It was a time in history when, for thousands of years, dogs were classified by use or function, unlike the modern pets of today that were bred to be conformation show ... | Biology and health sciences | Dogs | Animals |
20114039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir%20adsorption%20model | Langmuir adsorption model | The Langmuir adsorption model explains adsorption by assuming an adsorbate behaves as an ideal gas at isothermal conditions. According to the model, adsorption and desorption are reversible processes. This model even explains the effect of pressure; i.e., at these conditions the adsorbate's partial pressure is related... | Physical sciences | Other separations | Chemistry |
1345538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticline | Anticline | In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the curvature is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fo... | Physical sciences | Structural geology | Earth science |
1345771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position%20%28geometry%29 | Position (geometry) | In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents a point P in space. Its length represents the distance in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O, and its direction represents the angular orientation with respect to given reference ax... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | Physics |
1345963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatran%20tiger | Sumatran tiger | The Sumatran tiger is a population of Panthera tigris sondaica on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the only surviving tiger population in the Sunda Islands, where the Bali and Javan tigers are extinct.
Sequences from complete mitochondrial genes of 34 tigers support the hypothesis that Sumatran tigers are diagn... | Biology and health sciences | Felines | Animals |
1346982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gharial | Gharial | The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), also known as gavial or fish-eating crocodile, is a crocodilian in the family Gavialidae and among the longest of all living crocodilians. Mature females are long, and males . Adult males have a distinct boss at the end of the snout, which resembles an earthenware pot known as a ghar... | Biology and health sciences | Crocodilia | Animals |
1347945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Filter | Great Filter | The Great Filter is the idea that, in the development of life from the earliest stages of abiogenesis to reaching the highest levels of development on the Kardashev scale, there is a barrier to development that makes detectable extraterrestrial life exceedingly rare. The Great Filter is one possible resolution of the F... | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
1348347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funding%20of%20science | Funding of science | Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of natural science, technology, and social science. Different methods can be used to disburse funding, but the term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are eval... | Physical sciences | Science basics | Basics and measurement |
1348798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolem%27s%20paradox | Skolem's paradox | In mathematical logic and philosophy, Skolem's paradox is the apparent contradiction that a countable model of first-order set theory could contain an uncountable set. The paradox arises from part of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem; Thoralf Skolem was the first to discuss the seemingly contradictory aspects of the theorem... | Mathematics | Model theory | null |
2746930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium%20thermodynamics | Equilibrium thermodynamics | Equilibrium Thermodynamics is the systematic study of transformations of matter and energy in systems in terms of a concept called thermodynamic equilibrium. The word equilibrium implies a state of balance. Equilibrium thermodynamics, in origins, derives from analysis of the Carnot cycle. Here, typically a system, a... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
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