id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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332090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computably%20enumerable%20set | Computably enumerable set | In computability theory, a set S of natural numbers is called computably enumerable (c.e.), recursively enumerable (r.e.), semidecidable, partially decidable, listable, provable or Turing-recognizable if:
There is an algorithm such that the set of input numbers for which the algorithm halts is exactly S.
Or, equival... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
332264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable%20set | Computable set | In computability theory, a set of natural numbers is called computable, recursive, or decidable if there is an algorithm which takes a number as input, terminates after a finite amount of time (possibly depending on the given number) and correctly decides whether the number belongs to the set or not.
A set which is no... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
332372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%20%28mathematics%29 | Rate (mathematics) | In mathematics, a rate is the quotient of two quantities, often represented as a fraction. If the divisor (or fraction denominator) in the rate is equal to one expressed as a single unit, and if it is assumed that this quantity can be changed systematically (i.e., is an independent variable), then the dividend (the fra... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
332638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satin | Satin | A satin weave is a type of fabric weave that produces a characteristically glossy, smooth or lustrous material, typically with a glossy top surface and a dull back; it is not durable, as it tends to snag. It is one of three fundamental types of textile weaves alongside plain weave and twill weave.
The satin weave is c... | Technology | Weaving | null |
332666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade | Façade | A façade or facade (; ) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French (), which means "frontage" or "face".
In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building. From the engine... | Technology | Architectural elements | null |
332769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmobile | Snowmobile | A snowmobile, also known as a snowmachine (chiefly Alaskan), motor sled (chiefly Canadian), motor sledge, skimobile, or snow scooter, is a motorized vehicle designed for winter travel and recreation on snow.
Their engines normally drive a continuous track at the rear, while skis at the front provide directional contro... | Technology | Motorized road transport | null |
332902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad | Olympiad | An olympiad (, Olympiás) is a period of four years, particularly those associated with the ancient and modern Olympic Games.
Although the ancient Olympics were established during Greece's Archaic Era, it was not until Hippias that a consistent list was established and not until Ephorus in the Hellenistic period that t... | Physical sciences | Time | Basics and measurement |
333119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermis | Epidermis | The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermal layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss.
T... | Biology and health sciences | Integumentary system | Biology |
333163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfbeak | Halfbeak | Hemiramphidae is a family of fishes that are commonly called halfbeaks, spipe fish or spipefish. They are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
333170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation%20theorem | Fluctuation theorem | The fluctuation theorem (FT), which originated from statistical mechanics, deals with the relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease over a given amount of time. While the second law of thermodynamics predict... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
333219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulerian%20path | Eulerian path | In graph theory, an Eulerian trail (or Eulerian path) is a trail in a finite graph that visits every edge exactly once (allowing for revisiting vertices). Similarly, an Eulerian circuit or Eulerian cycle is an Eulerian trail that starts and ends on the same vertex. They were first discussed by Leonhard Euler while solv... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
333299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20polyhedron | Regular polyhedron | A regular polyhedron is a polyhedron whose symmetry group acts transitively on its flags. A regular polyhedron is highly symmetrical, being all of edge-transitive, vertex-transitive and face-transitive. In classical contexts, many different equivalent definitions are used; a common one is that the faces are congruent r... | Mathematics | Three-dimensional space | null |
333306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20polygon | Regular polygon | In Euclidean geometry, a regular polygon is a polygon that is direct equiangular (all angles are equal in measure) and equilateral (all sides have the same length). Regular polygons may be either convex or star. In the limit, a sequence of regular polygons with an increasing number of sides approximates a circle, if th... | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
333420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27%20principle | Archimedes' principle | Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. It was formul... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | Physics |
333625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus%20rapid%20transit | Bus rapid transit | Bus rapid transit (BRT), also referred to as a busway or transitway, is a trolleybus, electric bus and public transport bus service system designed to have much more capacity, reliability, and other quality features than a conventional bus system. Typically, a BRT system includes roadways that are dedicated to buses, a... | Technology | Motorized road transport | null |
333835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20object | Free object | In mathematics, the idea of a free object is one of the basic concepts of abstract algebra. Informally, a free object over a set A can be thought of as being a "generic" algebraic structure over A: the only equations that hold between elements of the free object are those that follow from the defining axioms of the alg... | Mathematics | Category theory | null |
334037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational%20therapy | Occupational therapy | Occupational therapy (OT) is a healthcare profession that involves the use of assessment, intervention, consultation, and coaching to develop, recover, or maintain meaningful occupations of individuals, groups, or communities. The field of OT consists of health care practitioners trained and educated to support mental ... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
334071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle%20steamer | Paddle steamer | A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. In antiquity, paddle wheelers followed the development of poles, oars and sails, whereby the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans.
In the early 19th century, paddle wheels... | Technology | Naval transport | null |
334351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirula | Spirula | Spirula spirula is a species of deep-water squid-like cephalopod mollusk. It is the only extant member of the genus Spirula, the family Spirulidae, and the order Spirulida. Because of the shape of its internal shell, it is commonly known as the ram's horn squid or the little post horn squid. Because the live animal has... | Biology and health sciences | Cephalopods | Animals |
334392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horned%20lizard | Horned lizard | Phrynosoma, whose members are known as the horned lizards, horny toads, or horntoads, is a genus of North American lizards and the type genus of the family Phrynosomatidae. Their common names refer directly to their horns or to their flattened, rounded bodies, and blunt snouts.
The generic name Phrynosoma means "toad-... | Biology and health sciences | Reptiles | null |
334411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor%20lizard | Monitor lizard | Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the Americas as an invasive species. About 80 species are recognized.
Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-deve... | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
334415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20pheasant | Green pheasant | The green pheasant (Phasianus versicolor), also known as the Japanese green pheasant, is an omnivorous bird native to the Japanese archipelago, to which it is endemic. Some taxonomic authorities consider it a subspecies of the common pheasant, Phasianus colchicus. It is the national bird of Japan.
Taxonomy and system... | Biology and health sciences | Galliformes | Animals |
334785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box%20jellyfish | Box jellyfish | Box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are cnidarian invertebrates distinguished by their box-like (i.e., cube-shaped) body. Some species of box jellyfish produce potent venom delivered by contact with their tentacles. Stings from some species, including Chironex fleckeri, Carukia barnesi, Malo kingi, and a few others, are extr... | Biology and health sciences | Cnidarians | Animals |
334816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20of%20administration | Route of administration | In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.
Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can ... | Biology and health sciences | General concepts_2 | Health |
334845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora%20edulis | Passiflora edulis | Passiflora edulis, commonly known as passion fruit, is a vine species of passion flower native to the region of southern Brazil through Paraguay to northern Argentina. It is cultivated commercially in tropical and subtropical areas for its sweet, seedy fruit.
The fruit is a pepo, a type of botanical berry, round to o... | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
334884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinkajou | Kinkajou | The kinkajou (/ˈkɪŋkədʒuː/ KING-kə-joo; Potos flavus) is a tropical rainforest mammal of the family Procyonidae related to olingos, coatis, raccoons, and the ringtail and cacomistle. It is the only member of the genus Potos and is also known as the "honey bear" (a name that it shares with the unrelated sun bear). Thoug... | Biology and health sciences | Procyonidae | Animals |
334990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope | Rope | A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibres, or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have tensile strength and so can be used for dragging and lifting. Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly constructed cord, string, and twine.
Construction
Rope may be constructed of... | Technology | Components_2 | null |
3034219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyto | Tyto | Tyto is a genus of birds consisting of true barn owls, grass owls and masked owls that collectively make up all the species within the subfamily Tytoninae of the barn owl family, Tytonidae.
Taxonomy
The genus Tyto was introduced in 1828 by the Swedish naturalist Gustaf Johan Billberg with the western barn owl as the t... | Biology and health sciences | Strigiformes | null |
3034286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20lock | Electronic lock | An electronic lock (or electric lock) is a locking device which operates by means of electric current. Electric locks are sometimes stand-alone with an electronic control assembly mounted directly to the lock. Electric locks may be connected to an access control system, the advantages of which include: key control, whe... | Technology | Mechanisms | null |
3036155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmeliaceae | Parmeliaceae | The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia (822 species), Usnea (355 species), Parmotrema (255 species), and Hypotrachyna (262 ... | Biology and health sciences | Lichens | Plants |
164217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco%20mosaic%20virus | Tobacco mosaic virus | Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves (hen... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
164331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauliflower | Cauliflower | Cauliflower is one of several vegetables cultivated from the species Brassica oleracea in the genus Brassica, which is in the Brassicaceae (or mustard) family.
An annual plant that reproduces by seed, the cauliflower head is composed of a (generally) white inflorescence meristem. Cauliflower heads resemble those in br... | Biology and health sciences | Brassicales | null |
164402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20dipole | Magnetic dipole | In electromagnetism, a magnetic dipole is the limit of either a closed loop of electric current or a pair of poles as the size of the source is reduced to zero while keeping the magnetic moment constant.
It is a magnetic analogue of the electric dipole, but the analogy is not perfect. In particular, a true magnetic m... | Physical sciences | Magnetostatics | Physics |
164483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering | Scattering | In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also ... | Physical sciences | Particle physics: General | null |
164491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber | Cucumber | The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely-cultivated creeping vine plant in the family Cucurbitaceae that bears cylindrical to spherical fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables. Considered an annual plant, there are three main types of cucumber—slicing, pickling, and seedless—within which several cultivars have ... | Biology and health sciences | Cucurbitales | null |
164497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radish | Radish | The radish (Raphanus sativus) is a flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its large taproot is commonly used as a root vegetable, although the entire plant is edible and its leaves are sometimes used as a leaf vegetable. Originally domesticated in Asia, radishes are now grown and consumed throughout the w... | Biology and health sciences | Brassicales | null |
164544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20formation | Soil formation | Soil formation, also known as pedogenesis, is the process of soil genesis as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history. Biogeochemical processes act to both create and destroy order (anisotropy) within soils. These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by d... | Physical sciences | Pedology | null |
164570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber | Wavenumber | In the physical sciences, the wavenumber (or wave number), also known as repetency, is the spatial frequency of a wave, measured in cycles per unit distance (ordinary wavenumber) or radians per unit distance (angular wavenumber). It is analogous to temporal frequency, which is defined as the number of wave cycles per u... | Physical sciences | Waves | Physics |
164610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent%20heat | Latent heat | Latent heat (also known as latent energy or heat of transformation) is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process—usually a first-order phase transition, like melting or condensation.
Latent heat can be understood as hidden energy which is supplied or extrac... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
164633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20science | Atmospheric science | Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its various inner-working physical processes. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting. Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climat... | Physical sciences | Atmosphere | null |
164653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20restraint | Physical restraint | Physical restraint refers to means of purposely limiting or obstructing the freedom of a person's or an animal's bodily movement.
Basic methods
Usually, binding objects such as handcuffs, legcuffs, ropes, chains, straps or straitjackets are used for this purpose.
Alternatively different kinds of arm locks deriving f... | Technology | Law enforcement equipment | null |
164656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%20aircraft | Jet aircraft | A jet aircraft (or simply jet) is an aircraft (nearly always a fixed-wing aircraft) propelled by one or more jet engines.
Whereas the engines in propeller-powered aircraft generally achieve their maximum efficiency at much lower speeds and altitudes, jet engines achieve maximum efficiency at speeds close to or even we... | Technology | Aviation | null |
164901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-translational%20modification | Post-translational modification | In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis. PTMs may involve enzymes or occur spontaneously. Proteins are created by ribosomes, which translate mRNA into polypeptide chains, which may then change to form the mature protein prod... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
164912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein | Glycoprotein | Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation. Secreted extracellular proteins are often glycosylated.
In p... | Biology and health sciences | Proteins | Biology |
164922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike%20fighter | Strike fighter | In current military parlance, a strike fighter is a multirole combat aircraft designed to operate both as an attack aircraft and as an air superiority fighter. As a category, it is distinct from fighter-bombers, and is closely related to the concept of interdictor aircraft, although it puts more emphasis on aerial comb... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
164924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus | Norovirus | Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. Infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Fever or headaches may also occur. Symptoms usually develop 12 to 48 hours after being exposed, and... | Biology and health sciences | Specific viruses | Health |
164933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus%20A320%20family | Airbus A320 family | The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus.
The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France.
The first member of the family was followed by the stretched A321 (first delivered in January 1994), the sho... | Technology | Specific aircraft_2 | null |
164956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20coloring | Food coloring | Food coloring, color additive or colorant is any dye, pigment, or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or beverages. Colorants can be supplied as liquids, powders, gels, or pastes. Food coloring is commonly used in commercial products and in domestic cooking.
Food colorants are also used in various n... | Technology | Food, water and health | null |
164974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrography | Hydrography | Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activitie... | Physical sciences | Hydrology | null |
165015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%20detector | Metal detector | A metal detector is an instrument that detects the nearby presence of metal. Metal detectors are useful for finding metal objects on the surface, underground, and under water. A metal detector consists of a control box, an adjustable shaft, and a variable-shaped pickup coil. When the coil nears metal, the control box s... | Technology | Measuring instruments | null |
165094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway | Runway | In aviation, a runway is an elongated, rectangular surface designed for the landing and takeoff of an aircraft. Runways may be a human-made surface (often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or a natural surface (grass, dirt, gravel, ice, sand or salt). Runways, taxiways and ramps, are sometimes referred to as "ta... | Technology | Concepts of aviation | null |
165146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductance | Inductance | Inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it. The electric current produces a magnetic field around the conductor. The magnetic field strength depends on the magnitude of the electric current, and therefore follows any changes in the magnitude of th... | Physical sciences | Electrical circuits | null |
165252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech | Beech | Beech (Fagus) is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to subtropical (accessory forest element) and temperate (as dominant element of mesophytic forests) Eurasia and North America. There are 14 accepted species in two distinct subgenera, Englerianae and Fagus. The subgenus Englerianae is found onl... | Biology and health sciences | Fagales | null |
165261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus | Platanus | Platanus ( ) is a genus consisting of a small number of tree species native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are the sole living members of the family Platanaceae.
All mature members of Platanus are tall, reaching in height. The type species of the genus is the Oriental plane Platanus orientalis. All except for P. ke... | Biology and health sciences | Others | null |
165320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodrell%20Bank%20Observatory | Jodrell Bank Observatory | Jodrell Bank Observatory ( ) in Cheshire, England hosts a number of radio telescopes as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Manchester. The observatory was established in 1945 by Bernard Lovell, a radio astronomer at the university, to investigate cosmic rays after his work on radar in... | Technology | Ground-based observatories | null |
165384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie%20temperature | Curie temperature | In physics and materials science, the Curie temperature (TC), or Curie point, is the temperature above which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, which can (in most cases) be replaced by induced magnetism. The Curie temperature is named after Pierre Curie, who showed that magnetism is lost at a c... | Physical sciences | Phase transitions | Physics |
165423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion | Digestion | Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components so that they can be absorbed into the blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
165450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytophthora%20infestans | Phytophthora infestans | Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete or water mold, a fungus-like microorganism that causes the serious potato and tomato disease known as late blight or potato blight. Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is also often called "potato blight". Late blight was a major culprit in the 1840s European, the 1845–1852 ... | Biology and health sciences | SAR supergroup | Plants |
165585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock%20%28water%20navigation%29 | Lock (water navigation) | A lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied; whereas in a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined p... | Technology | Maritime transport | null |
165744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp | Kelp | Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera. Despite its appearance and use of photosynthesis in chloroplasts, kelp is technically not a plant but a stramenopile (a group containing many protists).
Kelp grow from stalks close together in very dense a... | Biology and health sciences | Other organisms | null |
165767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towel | Towel | A towel () is a piece of absorbent cloth or paper used for drying or wiping a surface. Towels draw moisture through direct contact.
Bathing towels and hand towels are usually made of cotton, linen, bamboo and synthetic microfibers.
In households, several types of towels are used, such as hand towels, bath towels, an... | Biology and health sciences | Hygiene products | Health |
165926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland%20Bay%20Bridge | San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge | The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, commonly referred to as the Bay Bridge, is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 260,000 vehicles a day on its two decks. It includes one of the longest bridge ... | Technology | Bridges | null |
165927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamingo | Flamingo | Flamingos or flamingoes () are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbean), and two species native to Afro-Eurasia.
A group of flamingoes is called a... | Biology and health sciences | Phoenicopteriformes | null |
166008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramer%27s%20rule | Cramer's rule | In linear algebra, Cramer's rule is an explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns, valid whenever the system has a unique solution. It expresses the solution in terms of the determinants of the (square) coefficient matrix and of matrices obtained from it by repl... | Mathematics | Linear algebra | null |
166010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorticity | Vorticity | In continuum mechanics, vorticity is a pseudovector (or axial vector) field that describes the local spinning motion of a continuum near some point (the tendency of something to rotate), as would be seen by an observer located at that point and traveling along with the flow. It is an important quantity in the dynamical... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | Physics |
166017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avocado | Avocado | The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is an evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated in Mesoamerica more than 5,000 years ago. It was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridgi... | Biology and health sciences | Magnoliids | null |
166189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic%20nervous%20system | Autonomic nervous system | The autonomic nervous system (ANS), sometimes called the visceral nervous system and formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that operates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands. The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily ... | Biology and health sciences | Nervous system | Biology |
166194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol%20engine | Petrol engine | A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher... | Technology | Engines | null |
166394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobics | Aerobics | Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines with the goal of improving all elements of fitness (flexibility, muscular strength, and cardio-vascular fitness). It is usually performed to music and may be practiced in a group setting led by... | Biology and health sciences | Physical fitness | Health |
166404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20law%20of%20thermodynamics | First law of thermodynamics | The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. The law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work, that modify a thermodynamic system containing a constant amount of matter. The law also defines the ... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
166415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20equation | Heat equation | In mathematics and physics, the heat equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. The theory of the heat equation was first developed by Joseph Fourier in 1822 for the purpose of modeling how a quantity such as heat diffuses through a given region. Since then, the heat equation and its variants have been foun... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
166441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov%20exponent | Lyapunov exponent | In mathematics, the Lyapunov exponent or Lyapunov characteristic exponent of a dynamical system is a quantity that characterizes the rate of separation of infinitesimally close trajectories. Quantitatively, two trajectories in phase space with initial separation vector diverge (provided that the divergence can be trea... | Mathematics | Dynamical systems | null |
13407628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metroxylon%20sagu | Metroxylon sagu | Metroxylon sagu, the true sago palm, is a species of palm in the genus Metroxylon, native to tropical southeastern Asia. The tree is a major source of sago starch.
Description
True sago palm is a suckering (multiple-stemmed) palm, each stem only flowering once (hapaxanthic) with a large upright terminal inflorescence... | Biology and health sciences | Arecales (inc. Palms) | Plants |
1002536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeze%20drying | Freeze drying | Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation. This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat.
Because of the low... | Physical sciences | Phase separations | Chemistry |
1002551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap%20%28aeronautics%29 | Flap (aeronautics) | A flap is a high-lift device used to reduce the stalling speed of an aircraft wing at a given weight. Flaps are usually mounted on the wing trailing edges of a fixed-wing aircraft. Flaps are used to reduce the take-off distance and the landing distance. Flaps also cause an increase in drag so they are retracted when no... | Technology | Aircraft components | null |
1002559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian%20giant%20hornet | Asian giant hornet | The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) or northern giant hornet, including the color form referred to as the Japanese giant hornet, is the world's largest hornet. It is native to temperate and tropical East Asia, South Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, and parts of the Russian Far East. It was also found in the Pacific... | Biology and health sciences | Hymenoptera | Animals |
1002640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion%20%28medicine%29 | Abrasion (medicine) | An abrasion is a partial thickness wound caused by damage to the skin. It can be superficial involving only the epidermis to deep, involving the deep dermis. Abrasions usually involve minimal bleeding. Mild abrasions, also known as grazes or scrapes, do not scar or bleed because the dermis is left intact, but deep a... | Biology and health sciences | Types | Health |
1002779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotropic%20distillation | Azeotropic distillation | In chemistry, azeotropic distillation is any of a range of techniques used to break an azeotrope in distillation. In chemical engineering, azeotropic distillation usually refers to the specific technique of adding another component to generate a new, lower-boiling azeotrope that is heterogeneous (e.g. producing two, i... | Physical sciences | Phase separations | Chemistry |
1003338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillnetting | Gillnetting | Gillnetting is a fishing method that uses gillnets: vertical panels of netting that hang from a line with regularly spaced floaters that hold the line on the surface of the water. The floats are sometimes called "corks" and the line with corks is generally referred to as a "cork line." The line along the bottom of the ... | Technology | Hunting and fishing | null |
1003895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juncus | Juncus | Juncus is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species.
Description
Rushes of the genus Juncus are herbaceous plants that superficially resemble grasses or sedges. They have historically received little attention ... | Biology and health sciences | Poales | null |
1004486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacogenomics | Pharmacogenomics | Pharmacogenomics, often abbreviated "PGx," is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name (pharmaco- + genomics) reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs. It deals with the influence of acquired ... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
7228251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted%20ratfish | Spotted ratfish | The spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) is a chimaera found in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean. Often seen by divers at night in the Pacific Northwest, this cartilaginous fish gets its characteristic name from a pointed rat-like tail. The ratfish lays leathery egg cases on the bottom of muddy or sandy areas, which are... | Biology and health sciences | Chimaeriformes | Animals |
4158193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clastic%20rock | Clastic rock | Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of geological detritus, chunks, and smaller grains of rock broken off other rocks by physical weathering. Geologists use the term clastic to refer to sedimentary rocks and particles in sediment transport, whethe... | Physical sciences | Sedimentary rocks | Earth science |
16079692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage%20treatment | Sewage treatment | Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution fro... | Technology | Food, water and health | null |
593367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Havilland%20Canada%20Dash%208 | De Havilland Canada Dash 8 | The De Havilland Canada DHC-8, commonly known as the Dash 8, is a series of turboprop-powered regional airliners, introduced by de Havilland Canada (DHC) in 1984. DHC was bought by Boeing in 1986, then by Bombardier in 1992, then by Longview Aviation Capital in 2019; Longview revived the De Havilland Canada brand. Pow... | Technology | Specific aircraft_2 | null |
593693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20%28geometry%29 | Point (geometry) | In geometry, a point is an abstract idealization of an exact position, without size, in physical space, or its generalization to other kinds of mathematical spaces. As zero-dimensional objects, points are usually taken to be the fundamental indivisible elements comprising the space, of which one-dimensional curves, two... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
593703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal%20pain | Abdominal pain | Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a differential dia... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
593758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichromacy | Dichromacy | Dichromacy (from Greek di, meaning "two" and chromo, meaning "color") is the state of having two types of functioning photoreceptors, called cone cells, in the eyes. Organisms with dichromacy are called dichromats. Dichromats require only two primary colors to be able to represent their visible gamut. By comparison, tr... | Biology and health sciences | Visual system | Biology |
593765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto%20rickshaw | Auto rickshaw | An auto rickshaw is a motorized version of the pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw. Most have three wheels and do not tilt. They are known by many terms in various countries, including 3wheel, Adaidaita Sahu, Keke-napep, Maruwa, auto rickshaw, auto, baby taxi, bajaj, bao-bao, chand gari, CNG, easy bike, jonnybee, lapa, l... | Technology | Motorized road transport | null |
593784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromacy | Monochromacy | Monochromacy (from Greek mono, meaning "one" and chromo, meaning "color") is the ability of organisms to perceive only light intensity without respect to spectral composition. Organisms with monochromacy lack color vision and can only see in shades of grey ranging from black to white. Organisms with monochromacy are ca... | Biology and health sciences | Visual system | Biology |
594043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel%20%28unit%29 | Barrel (unit) | A barrel is one of several units of volume applied in various contexts; there are dry barrels, fluid barrels (such as the U.K. beer barrel and U.S. beer barrel), oil barrels, and so forth. For historical reasons the volumes of some barrel units are roughly double the volumes of others; volumes in common use range appro... | Physical sciences | Volume | Basics and measurement |
594050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidote | Epidote | Epidote is a calcium aluminium iron sorosilicate mineral.
Description
Well developed crystals of epidote, Ca2Al2(Fe3+;Al)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH), crystallizing in the monoclinic system, are of frequent occurrence: they are commonly prismatic in habit, the direction of elongation being perpendicular to the single plane of s... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
594086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podiatry | Podiatry | Podiatry ( ), or podiatric medicine and surgery ( ), is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower limb. The healthcare professional is known as a podiatrist. The US podiatric medical school curriculum includes lower extremity anatomy, general human an... | Biology and health sciences | Fields of medicine | Health |
594615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia%20solution | Ammonia solution | Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH3(aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition , it is ... | Physical sciences | Specific bases | Chemistry |
594964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodical%20cicadas | Periodical cicadas | The term periodical cicada is commonly used to refer to any of the seven species of the genus Magicicada of eastern North America, the 13- and 17-year cicadas. They are called periodical because nearly all individuals in a local population are developmentally synchronized and emerge in the same year. Although they are ... | Biology and health sciences | Hemiptera (true bugs) | Animals |
595183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20sulfate | Calcium sulfate | Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates. In the form of γ-anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant. One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris, and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum. It has many uses in in... | Physical sciences | Sulfuric oxyanions | Chemistry |
595716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilbite | Stilbite | Stilbite is the name of a series of tectosilicate minerals of the zeolite group. Prior to 1997, stilbite was recognized as a mineral species, but a reclassification in 1997 by the International Mineralogical Association changed it to a series name, with the mineral species being named:
Stilbite-Ca
Stilbite-Na, somet... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
595793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus%20pyrifolia | Pyrus pyrifolia | Pyrus pyrifolia is a species of pear tree native to southern China and northern Indochina that has been introduced to Korea, Japan and other parts of the world. The tree's edible fruit is known by many names, including Asian pear, Persian pear, Japanese pear, Chinese pear, Korean pear, Taiwanese pear, apple pear, zodia... | Biology and health sciences | Pomes | Plants |
595823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus%20%C3%97%20bretschneideri | Pyrus × bretschneideri | Pyrus × bretschneideri (or Pyrus bretschneideri), the ya pear or pearple or Chinese white pear (), is an interspecific hybrid species of pear native to North China, where it is widely grown for its edible fruit.
Recent molecular genetic evidence confirms some relationship to the Siberian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), but ... | Biology and health sciences | Pomes | Plants |
1558567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral%20rehydration%20therapy | Oral rehydration therapy | Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. Oral rehydration therapy can also be given by a nasogastric tube. Therapy can include the... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
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