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598434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-glacial%20rebound | Post-glacial rebound | Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are phases of glacial isostasy (glacial isostatic adj... | Physical sciences | Glacial landforms | Earth science |
599009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass%20knuckles | Brass knuckles | Brass knuckles (also referred to as brass knucks, knuckledusters, iron fist and paperweight, among other names) are a melee weapon used primarily in hand-to-hand combat. They are fitted and designed to be worn around the knuckles of the human hand. Despite their name, they are often made from other metals, plastics or ... | Technology | Melee weapons | null |
599215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron | Synchrotron | A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path. The strength of the magnetic field which bends the particle beam into its closed path increases with time during the accelerating process, be... | Physical sciences | Devices | Physics |
599305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitriol | Vitriol | Vitriol is the general chemical name encompassing a class of chemical compounds comprising sulfates of certain metalsoriginally, iron or copper. Those mineral substances were distinguished by their color, such as green vitriol for hydrated iron(II) sulfate and blue vitriol for hydrated copper(II) sulfate.
These mater... | Physical sciences | Sulfuric oxyanions | Chemistry |
599674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antheridium | Antheridium | An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes (called antherozoids or sperm). The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium. The androecium is also the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants.
Antheridia are p... | Biology and health sciences | Plant reproduction | Biology |
13439463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage%20%28geology%29 | Cleavage (geology) | Cleavage, in structural geology and petrology, describes a type of planar rock feature that develops as a result of deformation and metamorphism. The degree of deformation and metamorphism along with rock type determines the kind of cleavage feature that develops. Generally, these structures are formed in fine grained ... | Physical sciences | Structural geology | Earth science |
13440591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onium | Onium | An onium (plural: onia) is a bound state of a particle and its antiparticle. These states are usually named by adding the suffix -onium to the name of one of the constituent particles (replacing an -on suffix when present), with one exception for "muonium"; a muon–antimuon bound pair is called "true muonium" to avoid ... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | Physics |
5571489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instability%20strip | Instability strip | The unqualified term instability strip usually refers to a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram largely occupied by several related classes of pulsating variable stars: Delta Scuti variables, SX Phoenicis variables, and rapidly oscillating Ap stars (roAps) near the main sequence; RR Lyrae variables where it inters... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
5575197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallicolumba | Gallicolumba | Gallicolumba is a mid-sized genus of ground-dwelling doves (family Columbidae) which occur in rainforests on the Philippines. Local name 'punay' which is a general term for pigeons and doves. They are not closely related to the American ground doves genus (Columbina and related genera). Rather, the present genus is clo... | Biology and health sciences | Columbimorphae | Animals |
4167941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeonite | Pigeonite | Pigeonite is a mineral in the clinopyroxene subgroup of the pyroxene group. It has a general formula of . The calcium cation fraction can vary from 5% to 25%, with iron and magnesium making up the rest of the cations.
Pigeonite crystallizes in the monoclinic system, as does augite, and a miscibility gap exists between... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
4169991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum%20sambac | Jasminum sambac | Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine or Sambac jasmine) is a species of jasmine with a native range from Bhutan to India It is cultivated in many places, especially West Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is naturalised in many scattered locales: Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives, Christmas Island, Chiapas, Central ... | Biology and health sciences | Lamiales | Plants |
4174442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepomorpha | Nepomorpha | Nepomorpha is an infraorder of insects in the "true bug" order (Hemiptera). They belong to the "typical" bugs of the suborder Heteroptera. Due to their aquatic habits, these animals are known as true water bugs. They occur all over the world outside the polar regions, with about 2,000 species altogether. The Nepomorpha... | Biology and health sciences | Hemiptera (true bugs) | Animals |
4174517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaculture | Algaculture | Algaculture is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae.
The majority of algae that are intentionally cultivated fall into the category of microalgae (also referred to as phytoplankton, microphytes, or planktonic algae). Macroalgae, commonly known as seaweed, also have many commercial and indust... | Technology | Aquaculture | null |
4174880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliathus | Goliathus | The Goliath beetles (named after the biblical giant Goliath) are any of the six species in the genus Goliathus. Goliath beetles are among the largest insects on Earth, if measured in terms of size, bulk and weight. They are members of subfamily Cetoniinae, within the family Scarabaeidae. Goliath beetles can be found i... | Biology and health sciences | Beetles (Coleoptera) | Animals |
4174969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castorocauda | Castorocauda | Castorocauda is an extinct, semi-aquatic, superficially otter-like genus of docodont mammaliaforms with one species, C. lutrasimilis. It is part of the Yanliao Biota, found in the Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia, China dating to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It was part of an explosive Middle Jurassic radiation of Mamma... | Biology and health sciences | Stem-mammals | Animals |
8763148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20horticulture | Urban horticulture | Urban horticulture is the science and study of the growing plants in an urban environment. It focuses on the functional use of horticulture so as to maintain and improve the surrounding urban area. Urban horticulture has seen an increase in attention with the global trend of urbanization and works to study the harvest,... | Technology | Horticulture | null |
6781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol | Cytosol | The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)). It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.
In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is surrounded... | Biology and health sciences | Cell parts | Biology |
6794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet%20Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy%209 | Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 | Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (formally designated D/1993 F2) was a comet that broke apart in July 1992 and collided with Jupiter in July 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of Solar System objects. This generated a large amount of coverage in the popular media, and the comet was clos... | Physical sciences | Notable comets | Astronomy |
6799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL | COBOL | COBOL (; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural, and, since 2002, object-oriented language. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governme... | Technology | "Historical" languages | null |
6804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-coupled%20device | Charge-coupled device | A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Overview
In a CCD image sensor... | Technology | Optical instruments | null |
6806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20memory | Computer memory | Computer memory stores information, such as data and programs, for immediate use in the computer. The term memory is often synonymous with the terms RAM, main memory, or primary storage. Archaic synonyms for main memory include core (for magnetic core memory) and store.
Main memory operates at a high speed compared to... | Technology | Data storage and memory | null |
6813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar%20limit | Chandrasekhar limit | The Chandrasekhar limit () is the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. The currently accepted value of the Chandrasekhar limit is about (). The limit was named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
White dwarfs resist gravitational collapse primarily through electron degeneracy pressure, compared to main sequence s... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
6818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric%20acid%20cycle | Citric acid cycle | The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle, or TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol. The chemical energy released... | Biology and health sciences | Metabolic processes | Biology |
6829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache%20%28computing%29 | Cache (computing) | In computing, a cache ( ) is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation or a copy of data stored elsewhere. A cache hit occurs when the requested data can be found in a cache, whil... | Technology | Computer architecture concepts | null |
6854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%E2%80%93Turing%20thesis | Church–Turing thesis | In computability theory, the Church–Turing thesis (also known as computability thesis, the Turing–Church thesis, the Church–Turing conjecture, Church's thesis, Church's conjecture, and Turing's thesis) is a thesis about the nature of computable functions. It states that a function on the natural numbers can be calcula... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
6857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20multitasking | Computer multitasking | In computing, multitasking is the concurrent execution of multiple tasks (also known as processes) over a certain period of time. New tasks can interrupt already started ones before they finish, instead of waiting for them to end. As a result, a computer executes segments of multiple tasks in an interleaved manner, wh... | Technology | Operating systems | null |
6868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine | Caffeine | Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance globally. It is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoting), ergogenic (physical performance-enhancing), or nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) properties. Caffeine acts by bloc... | Biology and health sciences | Biochemistry and molecular biology | null |
6884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitoris | Clitoris | In amniotes, the clitoris ( or ; : clitorises or clitorides) is a female sex organ. In humans, it is the vulva's most erogenous area and generally the primary anatomical source of female sexual pleasure. The clitoris is a complex structure, and its size and sensitivity can vary. The visible portion, the glans, of the... | Biology and health sciences | Reproductive system | null |
6910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning | Cloning | Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. In nature, some organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction; this reproduction of an organism by itself without a mate is known as parthenogenesis. In the field of biotechnology, cloning is ... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
6911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose | Cellulose | Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteri... | Biology and health sciences | Biochemistry and molecular biology | null |
6920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column | Column | A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the... | Technology | Architectural elements | null |
6933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin | Chromatin | Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division, preventing DNA damage, and regulati... | Biology and health sciences | Organelles | Biology |
6944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode | Cathode | A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead-acid battery. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current Departs. A conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move. Electrons have a negative e... | Physical sciences | Electrochemistry | Chemistry |
6948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbow | Crossbow | A crossbow is a ranged weapon using an elastic launching device consisting of a bow-like assembly called a prod, mounted horizontally on a main frame called a tiller, which is hand-held in a similar fashion to the stock of a long gun. Crossbows shoot arrow-like projectiles called bolts or quarrels. A person who shoots ... | Technology | Projectile weapons | null |
6949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamazepine | Carbamazepine | Carbamazepine, sold under the brand name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine appears to work as wel... | Biology and health sciences | Specific drugs | Health |
6956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation%20law | Conservation law | In physics, a conservation law states that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves over time. Exact conservation laws include conservation of mass-energy, conservation of linear momentum, conservation of angular momentum, and conservation of electric charge.... | Physical sciences | Physics basics: General | Physics |
6966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20calendar | Chinese calendar | The traditional Chinese calendar, dating back to the Han dynasty, is a lunisolar calendar that blends solar, lunar, and other cycles for social and agricultural purposes. While modern China primarily uses the Gregorian calendar for official purposes, the traditional calendar remains culturally significant. It determine... | Technology | Timekeeping | null |
6972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipmunk | Chipmunk | Chipmunks are small, striped rodents of subtribe Tamiina. Chipmunks are found in North America, with the exception of the Siberian chipmunk which is found primarily in Asia.
Taxonomy and systematics
Chipmunks are classified as four genera: Tamias, of which the eastern chipmunk (T. striatus) is the only living member; ... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | Animals |
6985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll | Chlorophyll | Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words (, "pale green") and (, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed t... | Biology and health sciences | Biochemistry and molecular biology | null |
7011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20engineering | Control engineering | Control engineering, also known as control systems engineering and, in some European countries, automation engineering, is an engineering discipline that deals with control systems, applying control theory to design equipment and systems with desired behaviors in control environments. The discipline of controls overlap... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
7012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagas%20disease | Chagas disease | Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects in the subfamily Triatominae, known as "kissing bugs". The symptoms change throughout the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild a... | Biology and health sciences | Protozoan infections | Health |
7025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry | Cranberry | Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium. Cranberries are low, creeping shrubs or vines up to long and in height; they have slender stems that are not thickly woody and have small evergreen leaves. The flowers are dark pink. The fruit is a be... | Biology and health sciences | Ericales | null |
7034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruiser | Cruiser | A cruiser is a type of warship. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships, and can usually perform several operational roles from search-and-destroy to ocean escort to sea denial.
The term "cruiser", which has been in use for several hundred years,... | Technology | Naval warfare | null |
7037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia | Chlamydia | Chlamydia, or more specifically a chlamydia infection, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may occur only several weeks after infection; the incubation period between exposure and being able to in... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
7038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis | Candidiasis | Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. Other symptoms may include soreness and problems swallowing. When... | Biology and health sciences | Fungal infections | Health |
7039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20theory | Control theory | Control theory is a field of control engineering and applied mathematics that deals with the control of dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines. The objective is to develop a model or algorithm governing the application of system inputs to drive the system to a desired state, while minimizing any delay, ... | Mathematics | Other | null |
7043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20formula | Chemical formula | A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs. These are ... | Physical sciences | Chemical reactions | null |
7044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle | Beetle | Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described ins... | Biology and health sciences | Beetles (Coleoptera) | null |
7045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde | Concorde | Concorde () is a retired Anglo-French supersonic airliner jointly developed and manufactured by Sud Aviation (later Aérospatiale) and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC).
Studies started in 1954, and France and the United Kingdom signed a treaty establishing the development project on 29 November 1962, as the progr... | Technology | Specific aircraft_2 | null |
7053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon | Cannon | A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in gauge, effective range, mobility, rate ... | Technology | Artillery and siege | null |
7056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20mouse | Computer mouse | A computer mouse (plural mice, also mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of the pointer (called a cursor) on a display, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface of a computer.
The first... | Technology | User interface | null |
7063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catapult | Catapult | A catapult is a ballistic device used to launch a projectile a great distance without the aid of gunpowder or other propellants – particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines. A catapult uses the sudden release of stored potential energy to propel its payload. Most convert tension or torsion energy ... | Technology | Artillery and siege | null |
7077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20file | Computer file | A computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its filename. Just as words can be written on paper, so too can data be written to a computer file. Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the I... | Technology | Data storage | null |
7143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-division%20multiple%20access | Code-division multiple access | Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (see band... | Technology | Telecommunications | null |
7158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carat%20%28mass%29 | Carat (mass) | The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to , which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls.
The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, and soon afterwards in many countries around the world. The carat is divisible into 100... | Physical sciences | Mass and weight | Basics and measurement |
7163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenary | Catenary | In physics and geometry, a catenary ( , ) is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends in a uniform gravitational field.
The catenary curve has a U-like shape, superficially similar in appearance to a parabola, which it is not.
The curve appears i... | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
7172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy | Chemotherapy | Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim... | Biology and health sciences | Medical procedures | null |
7220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Gateway%20Interface | Common Gateway Interface | In computing, Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is an interface specification that enables web servers to execute an external program to process HTTP or HTTPS user requests.
Such programs are often written in a scripting language and are commonly referred to as CGI scripts, but they may include compiled programs.
A typi... | Technology | Internet | null |
7227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet%20Hale%E2%80%93Bopp | Comet Hale–Bopp | Comet Hale–Bopp (formally designated C/1995 O1) is a long-period comet that was one of the most widely observed of the 20th century and one of the brightest seen for many decades.
Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp discovered Comet Hale–Bopp separately on July 23, 1995, before it became visible to the naked eye. It is difficul... | Physical sciences | Notable comets | Astronomy |
7251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20nervous%20system | Central nervous system | The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that i... | Biology and health sciences | Nervous system | null |
7252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20cycle | Cell cycle | The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm, chr... | Biology and health sciences | Cellular division | null |
7293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore%2064 | Commodore 64 | The Commodore 64, also known as the C64, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show, January 7–10, 1982, in Las Vegas). It has been listed in the Guinness World Records as the highest-selling single computer model of all time, with indep... | Technology | Specific hardware | null |
7304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination%20complex | Coordination complex | A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include ... | Physical sciences | Bond structure | Chemistry |
7316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical%20types%20of%20biochemistry | Hypothetical types of biochemistry | Several forms of biochemistry are agreed to be scientifically viable but are not proven to exist at this time. The kinds of living organisms currently known on Earth all use carbon compounds for basic structural and metabolic functions, water as a solvent, and DNA or RNA to define and control their form. If life exists... | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
7329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprinidae | Cyprinidae | Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,... | Biology and health sciences | Cypriniformes | Animals |
7330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary%20DNA | Complementary DNA | In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA that was reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA). cDNA exists in both single-stranded and double-stranded forms and in both natural and engineered forms.
In engineered forms, it often is a copy (replicate) of the natural... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
7346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second%20system%20of%20units | Centimetre–gram–second system of units | The centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS or cgs) is a variant of the metric system based on the centimetre as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of mass, and the second as the unit of time. All CGS mechanical units are unambiguously derived from these three base units, but there are several different ways ... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
7376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic%20microwave%20background | Cosmic microwave background | The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR), or relic radiation, is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. With a standard optical telescope, the background space between stars and galaxies is almost completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope detects a faint backgro... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | null |
7397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20blindness | Color blindness | Color blindness or color vision deficiency (CVD) is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. The severity of color blindness ranges from mostly unnoticeable to full absence of color perception. Color blindness is usually an inherited problem or variation in the functionality of one or more of the thr... | Biology and health sciences | Disability | null |
7398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20security | Computer security | Computer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is the protection of computer software, systems and networks from threats that can lead to unauthorized information disclosure, theft or damage to hardware, software, or data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection... | Technology | Basics_3 | null |
7424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crochet | Crochet | Crochet (; ) is a process of creating textiles by using a crochet hook to interlock loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials. The name is derived from the French term crochet, which means 'hook'. Hooks can be made from different materials (aluminum, steel, metal, wood, bamboo, bone, etc.), sizes, and types ... | Technology | Techniques_2 | null |
7439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible%20number | Constructible number | In geometry and algebra, a real number is constructible if and only if, given a line segment of unit length, a line segment of length can be constructed with compass and straightedge in a finite number of steps. Equivalently, is constructible if and only if there is a closed-form expression for using only integers ... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
7445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20finite%20simple%20groups | Classification of finite simple groups | In mathematics, the classification of finite simple groups (popularly called the enormous theorem) is a result of group theory stating that every finite simple group is either cyclic, or alternating, or belongs to a broad infinite class called the groups of Lie type, or else it is one of twenty-six exceptions, called s... | Mathematics | Algebra | null |
7455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaparral | Chaparral | Chaparral ( ) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, in southern Oregon and in the northern portion of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires.
Many chaparral shrubs have ha... | Physical sciences | Biomes: General | Earth science |
7461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper | Clipper | A clipper was a type of mid-19th-century merchant sailing vessel, designed for speed. The term was also retrospectively applied to the Baltimore clipper, which originated in the late 18th century.
Clippers were generally narrow for their length, small by later 19th-century standards, could carry limited bulk freight, ... | Technology | Naval transport | null |
7463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20fusion | Cold fusion | Cold fusion is a hypothesized type of nuclear reaction that would occur at, or near, room temperature. It would contrast starkly with the "hot" fusion that is known to take place naturally within stars and artificially in hydrogen bombs and prototype fusion reactors under immense pressure and at temperatures of million... | Physical sciences | Nuclear physics | Physics |
7466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal%20tar | Coal tar | Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal. It is a type of creosote. It has both medical and industrial uses. Medicinally it is a topical medication applied to skin to treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff). It may be used in combination with ul... | Physical sciences | Hydrocarbons | Chemistry |
7480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20section%20%28physics%29 | Cross section (physics) | In physics, the cross section is a measure of the probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. For example, the Rutherford cross-section is a measure of probability that an alpha particle will be deflected by a given angle during an interaction with an atomic nucleus. Cross sect... | Physical sciences | Molecular physics | Physics |
7489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation | Collation | Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order. Many systems of collation are based on numerical order or alphabetical order, or extensions and combinations thereof. Collation is a fundamental element of most office filing systems, library catalogs, and reference books.
Collation differs from c... | Technology | Software development: General | null |
7512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration | Concentration | In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, bu... | Physical sciences | Mixture | Chemistry |
7519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution | Convolution | In mathematics (in particular, functional analysis), convolution is a mathematical operation on two functions ( and ) that produces a third function (). The term convolution refers to both the resulting function and to the process of computing it. It is defined as the integral of the product of the two functions after ... | Mathematics | Differential equations | null |
7522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimetry | Calorimetry | In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry () is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorime... | Physical sciences | Instrumental methods | Chemistry |
7534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal%20force | Centripetal force | A centripetal force (from Latin centrum, "center" and petere, "to seek") is a force that makes a body follow a curved path. The direction of the centripetal force is always orthogonal to the motion of the body and towards the fixed point of the instantaneous center of curvature of the path. Isaac Newton described it as... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
7543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20complexity%20theory | Computational complexity theory | In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource usage, and explores the relationships between these classifications. A computational problem is a task solved by a computer. A computation problem is solvable by mec... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
7555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir%20effect | Casimir effect | In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of a field. The term Casimir pressure is sometimes used when it is described in units of force per unit area. It is named after the Dutch... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
7583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%E2%80%93Riemann%20equations | Cauchy–Riemann equations | In the field of complex analysis in mathematics, the Cauchy–Riemann equations, named after Augustin Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann, consist of a system of two partial differential equations which form a necessary and sufficient condition for a complex function of a complex variable to be complex differentiable.
These eq... | Mathematics | Complex analysis | null |
7587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable%20television | Cable television | Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to consumers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables, or in more recent systems, light pulses through fibre-optic cables. This contrasts with broadcast television, in which the television signal is transmitted over-the-air by ... | Technology | Media and communication | null |
7591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera | Cholera | Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hour... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
7592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera | Caldera | A caldera ( ) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant detriment to the structural integrity of such a chamber, greatly diminishing its capacity to sup... | Physical sciences | Volcanic landforms | Earth science |
7593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator | Calculator | An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.
The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the Intel 4004, the fir... | Technology | Basics_3 | null |
7626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea | Cetacea | Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively carnivorous diet. They propel themselves through the water with powerful up... | Biology and health sciences | Cetaceans | null |
7632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal%20fluid | Cerebrospinal fluid | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.
CSF is produced by specialized ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations. In humans, there is about 125 ... | Biology and health sciences | Nervous system | Biology |
7669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre | Centimetre | A centimetre or centimeter (US/Philippine spelling), with SI symbol cm, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one hundredth of a metre, centi being the SI prefix for a factor of . Equivalently, there are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. The centimetre was the base unit of length in the now d... | Physical sciences | Metric | Basics and measurement |
7674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable%20car%20%28railway%29 | Cable car (railway) | A cable car (usually known as a cable tram outside North America) is a type of cable railway used for mass transit in which rail cars are hauled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. Individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping this cable as required. Cable cars are distinct from funic... | Technology | Rail and cable transport | null |
7677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20monitor | Computer monitor | A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power supply, housing, electrical connectors, and external user controls.
The display in modern monitors is typically an LCD with LED backlight, having by t... | Technology | User interface | null |
7682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centriole | Centriole | In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells, but are not present in conifers (Pinophyta), flowering plants (angiosperms) and most fungi, and are only present in the male gametes of charophytes, bryophytes, seedless vas... | Biology and health sciences | Organelles and other cell parts | null |
7697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed%20C-130%20Hercules | Lockheed C-130 Hercules | The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is an American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin). Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medevac, and cargo transport aircraft. The versatile airframe ha... | Technology | Specific aircraft | null |
7701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine | Cocaine | Cocaine (, , ultimately ) is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. As an extract, it is mainly used recreationally and often illegally for its euphoric and rewarding effects. It is also used in medicine by Indigenous South Americans for various purposes and rarely, but more formally, as a ... | Biology and health sciences | Biochemistry and molecular biology | null |
7706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian%20coordinate%20system | Cartesian coordinate system | In geometry, a Cartesian coordinate system (, ) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of real numbers called coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, called coordinate lines, coordinate axes or just axes (plural of axi... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
7713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20remainder%20theorem | Chinese remainder theorem | In mathematics, the Chinese remainder theorem states that if one knows the remainders of the Euclidean division of an integer n by several integers, then one can determine uniquely the remainder of the division of n by the product of these integers, under the condition that the divisors are pairwise coprime (no two div... | Mathematics | Modular arithmetic | null |
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