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54000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophysics | Biophysics | Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, molecular ... | Physical sciences | Physics basics: General | Physics |
54025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceae | Rubiaceae | Rubiaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,100 species ... | Biology and health sciences | Others | null |
54047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus | Rubus | Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to ov... | Biology and health sciences | Berries | Plants |
54048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe | Steppe | In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without closed forests except near rivers and lakes.
Steppe biomes may include:
the montane grasslands and shrublands biome
the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome
the temperate grasslands, savannas... | Physical sciences | Grasslands | null |
54050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographic%20unit | Typographic unit | Typographic units are the units of measurement used in typography or typesetting. Traditional typometry units are different from familiar metric units because they were established in the early days of printing. Though most printing is digital now, the old terms and units have persisted.
Even though these units are al... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
54077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual%20motion | Perpetual motion | Perpetual motion is the motion of bodies that continues forever in an unperturbed system. A perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical machine that can do work indefinitely without an external energy source. This kind of machine is impossible, since its existence would violate the first and/or second laws of thermodyna... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | Physics |
54099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantothenic%20acid | Pantothenic acid | Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic... | Biology and health sciences | Vitamins | Health |
54104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin%20E | Vitamin E | Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds related in molecular structure that includes four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The tocopherols function as fat-soluble antioxidants which may help protect cell membranes from reactive oxygen species. Vitamin E is classified as an essential nutrient for humans. Various gover... | Biology and health sciences | Vitamins | Health |
54110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin%20B6 | Vitamin B6 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Vitamin B6}}
Vitamin B6 is one of the B vitamins, and is an essential nutrient for humans. The term essential nutrient refers to a group of six chemically similar compounds, i.e., "vitamers", which can be interconverted in biological systems. Its active form, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, serves as a coenzyme... | Biology and health sciences | Vitamins | Health |
54114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin%20A | Vitamin A | Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is an essential nutrient. The term "vitamin A" encompasses a group of chemically related organic compounds that includes retinol, retinyl esters, and several provitamin (precursor) carotenoids, most notably β-carotene (beta-carotene). Vitamin A has multiple functions: growth duri... | Biology and health sciences | Vitamins | Health |
54117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folate | Folate | Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and storage. Folate is required for the body to make DNA and RNA and metabolise am... | Biology and health sciences | Vitamins | Health |
54118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin | Biotin | Biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The name biotin, borrowed from the German , derives from the Ancient Greek ... | Biology and health sciences | Vitamins | Health |
54124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite | Rhyolite | Rhyolite ( ) is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks. It is generally glassy or fine-grained (aphanitic) in texture, but may be porphyritic, containing larger mineral crystals (phenocrysts) in an otherwise fine-grained groundmass. The mineral assemblage is predominantly quartz, sanidine, and plagioclase. It is the ex... | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
54125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breccia | Breccia | Breccia ( , ; ) is a rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix.
The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means "rubble". A breccia may have a variety of different origins, as indicated by the named types including sedimentary... | Physical sciences | Petrology | null |
54137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane%20clathrate | Methane clathrate | Methane clathrate (CH4·5.75H2O) or (4CH4·23H2O), also called methane hydrate, hydromethane, methane ice, fire ice, natural gas hydrate, or gas hydrate, is a solid clathrate compound (more specifically, a clathrate hydrate) in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a soli... | Physical sciences | Glaciology | Earth science |
54146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadfruit | Breadfruit | Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family (Moraceae) believed to be a domesticated descendant of Artocarpus camansi originating in New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, and the Philippines. It was initially spread to Oceania via the Austronesian expansion. It was furt... | Biology and health sciences | Rosales | null |
54147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung | Bremsstrahlung | In particle physics, (; ) is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into radiation (i.e., photons), thus satisfying the law of cons... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | null |
54149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicotyledon | Dicotyledon | The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 200,00... | Biology and health sciences | Flowering plants | Plants |
54176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20body | Human body | The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.
The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and ... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
54195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingray | Stingray | Stingrays are a group of sea rays, a type of cartilaginous fish. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray), Urolophidae (stingarees), Urotrygonidae (round rays), Dasyatidae (whiptail... | Biology and health sciences | Batoidea | null |
54211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede%20%28moon%29 | Ganymede (moon) | Ganymede, or Jupiter III, is the largest and most massive natural satellite of Jupiter, and in the Solar System. Despite being the only moon in the Solar System with a substantial magnetic field, it is the largest Solar System object without a substantial atmosphere. Like Saturn's largest moon Titan, it is larger than ... | Physical sciences | Solar System | null |
54217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeonhole%20principle | Pigeonhole principle | In mathematics, the pigeonhole principle states that if items are put into containers, with , then at least one container must contain more than one item. For example, of three gloves, at least two must be right-handed or at least two must be left-handed, because there are three objects but only two categories of han... | Mathematics | Combinatorics | null |
54232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced%20concrete | Reinforced concrete | Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (known... | Technology | Building materials | null |
54240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularity%20%28mathematics%29 | Singularity (mathematics) | In mathematics, a singularity is a point at which a given mathematical object is not defined, or a point where the mathematical object ceases to be well-behaved in some particular way, such as by lacking differentiability or analyticity.
For example, the reciprocal function has a singularity at , where the value of t... | Mathematics | Complex analysis | null |
54244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20singularity | Gravitational singularity | A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity, or simply singularity, is a theoretical condition in which gravity is predicted to be so intense that spacetime itself would break down catastrophically. As such, a singularity is by definition no longer part of the regular spacetime and cannot be determined by "where... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | Physics |
54245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological%20singularity | Technological singularity | The technological singularity—or simply the singularity—is a hypothetical future point in time at which technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, resulting in unforeseeable consequences for human civilization. According to the most popular version of the singularity hypothesis, I. J. Good's intellig... | Technology | Artificial intelligence concepts | null |
54248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20aircraft | Military aircraft | A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft that is operated by a legal or insurrectionary military of any type. Some military aircraft engage directly in aerial warfare, while others take on support roles:
Combat aircraft, such as fighters and bombers, are designed to destroy enemy equipment or per... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
54257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop%20publishing | Desktop publishing | Desktop publishing (DTP) is the creation of documents using dedicated software on a personal ("desktop") computer. It was first used almost exclusively for print publications, but now it also assists in the creation of various forms of online content. Desktop publishing software can generate page layouts and produce te... | Technology | Computer software | null |
54267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor%20and%20ceiling%20functions | Floor and ceiling functions | In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number , and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to , denoted or . Similarly, the ceiling function maps to the least integer greater than or equal to , denoted or .
For example, for floor: , , and for ceiling: , and .... | Mathematics | Specific functions | null |
54301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic%20ovary%20syndrome | Polycystic ovary syndrome | Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The syndrome is named after cysts which form on the ovaries of some women with this condition, though this is not a universal symptom, and not the underlying cause of the disorder.
The ... | Biology and health sciences | Specific diseases | Health |
54342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20automaton | Cellular automaton | A cellular automaton (pl. cellular automata, abbrev. CA) is a discrete model of computation studied in automata theory. Cellular automata are also called cellular spaces, tessellation automata, homogeneous structures, cellular structures, tessellation structures, and iterative arrays. Cellular automata have found appli... | Mathematics | Automata theory | null |
54347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement%20%28set%20theory%29 | Complement (set theory) | In set theory, the complement of a set , often denoted by (or ), is the set of elements not in .
When all elements in the universe, i.e. all elements under consideration, are considered to be members of a given set , the absolute complement of is the set of elements in that are not in .
The relative complement of ... | Mathematics | Set theory | null |
54404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaeolum | Tropaeolum | Tropaeolum , commonly known as nasturtium (; literally "nose-twister" or "nose-tweaker"), is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants. It was named by Carl Linnaeus in his book Species Plantarum, and is the only genus in the family Tropaeolaceae. The nasturtiums received their c... | Biology and health sciences | Brassicales | null |
54406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monday | Monday | Monday is the day of the week that takes place between Sunday and Tuesday. According to the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 8601 standard, it is the first day of the week.
Names
The names of the day of the week were coined in the Roman era, in Greek and Latin, in the case of Monday as
ἡμέρᾱ Σελήν... | Technology | Days of the week | null |
54407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday | Sunday | Sunday (Latin: dies solis meaning "day of the sun") is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. Sunday is a day of rest in most Western countries and a part of the weekend. In some Middle Eastern countries, Sunday is a weekday.
For most Christians, Sunday is observed as a day of worship and rest, holding it as... | Technology | Days of the week | null |
54410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceratops | Triceratops | Triceratops ( ; ) is a genus of chasmosaurine ceratopsian dinosaur that lived during the late Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period, about 68 to 66 million years ago in what is now western North America. It was one of the last-known non-avian dinosaurs and lived until the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event... | Biology and health sciences | Dinosaurs and prehistoric reptiles | null |
54412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicycle | Unicycle | A unicycle is a vehicle that touches the ground with only one wheel. The most common variation has a frame with a saddle, and has a pedal-driven direct-drive. A two speed hub is commercially available for faster unicycling. Unicycling is practiced professionally in circuses, by street performers, in festivals, and as a... | Technology | Human-powered transport | null |
54416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybus | Trolleybus | A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sor trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead wires (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete ... | Technology | Motorized road transport | null |
54423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20transition | Phase transition | In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase o... | Physical sciences | Phase transitions | null |
54444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon | Falcon | Falcons () are birds of prey in the genus Falco, which includes about 40 species. Some small species of falcons with long, narrow wings are called hobbies, and some that hover while hunting are called kestrels. Falcons are widely distributed on all continents of the world except Antarctica, though closely related rapto... | Biology and health sciences | Accipitriformes and Falconiformes | null |
54445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%20of%20prey | Bird of prey | Birds of prey or predatory birds, also known as (although not the same as) raptors, are hypercarnivorous bird species that actively hunt and feed on other vertebrates (mainly mammals, reptiles and other smaller birds). In addition to speed and strength, these predators have keen eyesight for detecting prey from a dista... | Biology and health sciences | General articles | null |
54493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuratowski%27s%20theorem | Kuratowski's theorem | In graph theory, Kuratowski's theorem is a mathematical forbidden graph characterization of planar graphs, named after Kazimierz Kuratowski. It states that a finite graph is planar if and only if it does not contain a subgraph that is a subdivision of (the complete graph on five vertices) or of (a complete bipartite... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
54513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal | Opal | Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O); its water content may range from 3% to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6% and 10%. Due to the amorphous (chemical) physical structure, it is classified as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are considered minerals. It is deposited at a ... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
54536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric%20acid | Citric acid | Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula . It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.
More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every yea... | Physical sciences | Carbon–oxygen bond | null |
54592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicada | Cicada | The cicadas () are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs). They are in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, along with smaller jumping bugs such as leafhoppers and froghoppers. The superfamily is divided into two families, the Tettigarctidae, with two species in Australia, and the Cicadid... | Biology and health sciences | Hemiptera (true bugs) | null |
54631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday | Saturday | Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. No later than the 2nd century, the Romans named Saturday ("Saturn's Day") for the god Saturn. His planet, Saturn, controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens. The day's name was introduced into West Germanic languages and is recorded in ... | Technology | Days of the week | null |
54632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday | Friday | Friday is the day of the week between Thursday and Saturday. In countries that adopt the traditional "Sunday-first" convention, it is the sixth day of the week. In countries adopting the ISO 8601-defined "Monday-first" convention, it is the fifth day of the week.
In most Western countries, Friday is the fifth and fin... | Technology | Days of the week | null |
54633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thursday | Thursday | Thursday is the day of the week between Wednesday and Friday. According to the ISO 8601 international standard, it is the 4th day of the week. In countries which adopt the "Sunday-first" convention, it is the fifth day of the week.
Name
Thor's (or Jupiter's) day
The name is derived from Old English þunresdæg and Mid... | Technology | Days of the week | null |
54634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wednesday | Wednesday | Wednesday is the day of the week between Tuesday and Thursday. According to international standard ISO 8601, it is the third day of the week.
In English, the name is derived from Old English and Middle English , 'day of Woden', reflecting the religion practised by the Anglo-Saxons, the English equivalent to the Nors... | Technology | Days of the week | null |
54635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuesday | Tuesday | Tuesday is the day of the week between Monday and Wednesday. According to international standard ISO 8601, Monday is the first day of the week; thus, Tuesday is the second day of the week. According to many traditional calendars, however, Sunday is the first day of the week, so Tuesday is the third day of the week. I... | Technology | Days of the week | null |
54648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20flare | Solar flare | A solar flare is a relatively intense, localized emission of electromagnetic radiation in the Sun's atmosphere. Flares occur in active regions and are often, but not always, accompanied by coronal mass ejections, solar particle events, and other eruptive solar phenomena. The occurrence of solar flares varies with the 1... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
54653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosphere | Chromosphere | A chromosphere ("sphere of color", from the Ancient Greek words χρῶμα (khrôma) 'color' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') is the second layer of a star's atmosphere, located above the photosphere and below the solar transition region and corona. The term usually refers to the Sun's chromosphere, but not exclusively, since ... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
54681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-hardness | NP-hardness | In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time, there is a polynomial-time reduction from L to H. That is, assuming a solution for H takes 1 unit time, Hs solution can be used to solve L in polynomial time... | Mathematics | Complexity theory | null |
54695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID | RAID | RAID (; redundant array of inexpensive disks or redundant array of independent disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical data storage components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both. This is in contrast to the previ... | Technology | Data storage and memory | null |
54717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Broglie%E2%80%93Bohm%20theory | De Broglie–Bohm theory | The de Broglie–Bohm theory is an interpretation of quantum mechanics which postulates that, in addition to the wavefunction, an actual configuration of particles exists, even when unobserved. The evolution over time of the configuration of all particles is defined by a guiding equation. The evolution of the wave functi... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
54738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretations%20of%20quantum%20mechanics | Interpretations of quantum mechanics | An interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics might correspond to experienced reality. Quantum mechanics has held up to rigorous and extremely precise tests in an extraordinarily broad range of experiments. However, there exist a number of contending sc... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
54743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding | Inbreeding | Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious recessive tra... | Biology and health sciences | Genetics | Biology |
54749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic%20aberration | Chromatic aberration | In optics, chromatic aberration (CA), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements varies with the wavelength of light. The refractive index of m... | Physical sciences | Optics | Physics |
54773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry | Cherry | A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).
Commercial cherries are obtained from cultivars of several species, such as the sweet Prunus avium and the sour Prunus cerasus. The name 'cherry' also refers to the cherry tree and its wood, and is sometimes applied to almon... | Biology and health sciences | Rosales | null |
54808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite | Termite | Termites are a group of detritophagous eusocial insects which consume a variety of decaying plant material, generally in the form of wood, leaf litter, and soil humus. They are distinguished by their moniliform antennae and the soft-bodied and often unpigmented worker caste for which they have been commonly termed "whi... | Biology and health sciences | Insects and other hexapods | null |
54813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac | Shellac | Shellac () is a resin secreted by the female lac bug on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. Chemically, it is mainly composed of aleuritic acid, jalaric acid, shellolic acid, and other natural waxes. It is processed and sold as dry flakes and dissolved in alcohol to make liquid shellac, which is used as a brush... | Physical sciences | Terpenes and terpenoids | Chemistry |
54840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutrophication | Eutrophication | Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of organism that may deplete the oxygen in the water. Eutrophication may occur naturally or as a result of human actions. Manmade, or cultural, eutrophication occurs when sewage, indu... | Physical sciences | Water: General | Earth science |
54888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere | Telomere | A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. In most, if not all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromoso... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
54910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon | Chlorofluorocarbon | Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F), produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane.
The most common example is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). R-12 is also ... | Physical sciences | Halocarbons | Chemistry |
54911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew | Dew | Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening due to condensation.
As the exposed surface cools by radiating its heat, atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate greater than that at which it can evaporate, resulting in the formation of water droplets.
When tempera... | Physical sciences | Precipitation | null |
54929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger | Ginger | Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. It is an herbaceous perennial that grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) about one meter tall, bearing narrow leaf blades. The inflorescences bear fl... | Biology and health sciences | Monocots | null |
54930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole | Fumarole | A fumarole (or fumerole) is a vent in the surface of the Earth or another rocky planet from which hot volcanic gases and vapors are emitted, without any accompanying liquids or solids. Fumaroles are characteristic of the late stages of volcanic activity, but fumarole activity can also precede a volcanic eruption and ha... | Physical sciences | Volcanic landforms | Earth science |
54952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical%20drawing | Technical drawing | Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed.
Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering.
To make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols, perspe... | Technology | Basics_5 | null |
54962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysics | Geophysics | Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. Geophysicists, who usually study geophysics, physics, or one of the Earth sciences at the graduate level... | Physical sciences | Geophysics | null |
54969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail | Snail | A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the... | Biology and health sciences | Mollusks | null |
55017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion%20power | Fusion power | Fusion power is a proposed form of power generation that would generate electricity by using heat from nuclear fusion reactions. In a fusion process, two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, while releasing energy. Devices designed to harness this energy are known as fusion reactors. Research into f... | Technology | Power generation | null |
55076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse | Slaughterhouse | In livestock agriculture and the meat industry, a slaughterhouse, also called an abattoir (), is a facility where livestock animals are slaughtered to provide food. Slaughterhouses supply meat, which then becomes the responsibility of a meat-packing facility.
Slaughterhouses that produce meat that is not intended for ... | Technology | Animal husbandry | null |
55115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage | Cabbage | Cabbage, comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea, is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage (B. oleracea var. oleracea), and belongs to the "cole crops" or brassicas, meaning it is cl... | Biology and health sciences | Brassicales | null |
55170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomics | Genomics | Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration. In contrast to genetics, which r... | Biology and health sciences | Genetics | Biology |
55172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomics | Proteomics | Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. Proteins are vital macromolecules of all living organisms, with many functions such as the formation of structural fibers of muscle tissue, enzymatic digestion of food, or synthesis and replication of DNA. In addition, other kinds of proteins include antibodies that prot... | Biology and health sciences | Biology basics | Biology |
55212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s%20laws%20of%20motion | Newton's laws of motion | Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws, which provide the basis for Newtonian mechanics, can be paraphrased as follows:
A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, except in... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
55222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene | Buckminsterfullerene | Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a soccer ball. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors.
Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolve... | Physical sciences | Group 14 | Chemistry |
55233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-energy%20astronomy | High-energy astronomy | High-energy astronomy is the study of astronomical objects that release electromagnetic radiation of highly energetic wavelengths. It includes X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, extreme UV astronomy, neutrino astronomy, and studies of cosmic rays. The physical study of these phenomena is referred to as high-energy... | Physical sciences | High-energy astronomy | Astronomy |
55236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%20scattering | Compton scattering | Compton scattering (or the Compton effect) is the quantum theory of high frequency photons scattering following an interaction with a charged particle, usually an electron. Specifically, when the photon hits electrons, it releases loosely bound electrons from the outer valence shells of atoms or molecules.
The effect ... | Physical sciences | Electromagnetic radiation | Physics |
55245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed%20SR-71%20Blackbird | Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird | The Lockheed SR-71 "Blackbird" is a retired long-range, high-altitude, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft developed and manufactured by the American aerospace company Lockheed Corporation. Its nicknames include "Blackbird" and "Habu".
The SR-71 was developed in the 1960s as a black project by Lockheed's Skunk W... | Technology | Specific aircraft | null |
55309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20type | Blood type | A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some o... | Biology and health sciences | Fields of medicine | null |
55313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy | Allergy | Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sne... | Biology and health sciences | Illness and injury | null |
55380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20partitioning | Disk partitioning | Disk partitioning or disk slicing is the creation of one or more regions on secondary storage, so that each region can be managed separately. These regions are called partitions. It is typically the first step of preparing a newly installed disk after a partitioning scheme is chosen for the new disk before any file sys... | Technology | Data storage and memory | null |
55397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadean | Hadean | The Hadean ( ) is the first and oldest of the four known geologic eons of Earth's history, starting with the planet's formation about 4.6 billion years ago (estimated 4567.30 ± 0.16 million years ago set by the age of the oldest solid material in the Solar System — protoplanetary disk dust particles — found as chondru... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
55406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded%20iron%20formation | Banded iron formation | Banded iron formations (BIFs; also called banded ironstone formations) are distinctive units of sedimentary rock consisting of alternating layers of iron oxides and iron-poor chert. They can be up to several hundred meters in thickness and extend laterally for several hundred kilometers. Almost all of these formations ... | Physical sciences | Sedimentary rocks | Earth science |
55526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey | Donkey | The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus, and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, Equus africanus asinus, or as a separate species, Equus asinus. It was domesticated in Africa some years ago, and has been used mainly as a working animal since that ... | Biology and health sciences | Perissodactyla | null |
55528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clam | Clam | Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve mollusc. The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the sea floor or riverbeds. Clams have two shells of equal size connected by two adductor muscles and have a powerful burrow... | Biology and health sciences | Mollusks | null |
55530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20protective%20equipment | Personal protective equipment | Personal protective equipment (PPE) is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemical, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter. Protective... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness | null |
55557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline | Timeline | A timeline is a list of events displayed in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events.
Timelines can use any suitable scale representing time, suiting the subject and data; many use a linear scale, in which a unit of ... | Technology | Timekeeping | null |
55584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout | Gout | Gout ( ) is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals. Pain typically comes on rapidly, reaching maximal intensity in less than 12 hours. The joint... | Biology and health sciences | Non-infectious disease | null |
55602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut | Peanut | The peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), goober pea, pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics by small and large commercial producers, both as grain legume and as an oil crop. Atypically among leg... | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | null |
55623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotyledon | Cotyledon | A cotyledon ( ; ; "a cavity, small cup, any cup-shaped hollow",
gen. (), ) is a "seed leaf" – a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant – and is formally defined as "the embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first to appear from a germinating seed." Botanists use the nu... | Biology and health sciences | Plant anatomy and morphology: General | Biology |
55625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocotyledon | Monocotyledon | Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae sensu Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divide... | Biology and health sciences | Monocots | null |
55632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20combination | Linear combination | In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is cent... | Mathematics | Linear algebra | null |
55693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquoise | Turquoise | Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula . It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone for millennia due to its hue.
Like most other opaque gems, turquoise has been devalued by the introduction of treatmen... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
55695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage | Mirage | A mirage is a naturally-occurring optical phenomenon in which light rays bend via refraction to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. The word comes to English via the French (se) mirer, from the Latin mirari, meaning "to look at, to wonder at".
Mirages can be categorized as "inferior" (meaning lowe... | Physical sciences | Atmospheric optics | null |
55762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20function | Harmonic function | In mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of stochastic processes, a harmonic function is a twice continuously differentiable function where is an open subset of that satisfies Laplace's equation, that is,
everywhere on . This is usually written as
or
Etymology of the term "harmonic"
The descriptor "har... | Mathematics | Harmonic analysis | null |
55890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa%20%28API%29 | Cocoa (API) | Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for its desktop operating system macOS.
Cocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by the Cocoa.h header file, and the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard lib... | Technology | Software development: General | null |
55924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate | Prostate | The prostate is an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and a muscle-driven mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation. It is found in all male mammals. It differs between species anatomically, chemically, and physiologically. Anatomically, the prostate is found below the bladder, with the urethra p... | Biology and health sciences | Reproductive system | Biology |
55927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary%20system | Urinary system | The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. T... | Biology and health sciences | Urinary system | null |
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