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171104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitin | Chitin | Chitin (C8H13O5N)n ( ) is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chitin are produced each year in the biosphere. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi (esp... | Biology and health sciences | Biochemistry and molecular biology | null |
171141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guava | Guava | Guava ( ) is a common tropical fruit cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. The common guava Psidium guajava (lemon guava, apple guava) is a small tree in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. The name guava is also given to some other ... | Biology and health sciences | Myrtales | null |
171208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carding | Carding | In textile production, carding is a mechanical process that disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibres to produce a continuous web or sliver suitable for subsequent processing. This is achieved by passing the fibres between differentially moving surfaces covered with "card clothing", a firm flexible material embedded w... | Technology | Textiles | null |
171526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru%20Telescope | Subaru Telescope | is the telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, located at the Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii. It is named after the open star cluster known in English as the Pleiades. It had the largest monolithic primary mirror in the world from its commissioning until the Large Binocular Telescope opened in 20... | Technology | Ground-based observatories | null |
171808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobcat | Bobcat | The bobcat (Lynx rufus), also known as the wildcat, bay lynx, or red lynx, is one of the four extant species within the medium-sized wild cat genus Lynx. Native to North America, it ranges from southern Canada through most of the contiguous United States to Oaxaca in Mexico. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Re... | Biology and health sciences | Felines | Animals |
171830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbeam | Hornbeam | Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus Carpinus in the family Betulaceae. Its species occur across much of the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Common names
The common English name hornbeam derives from the hardness of the woods (likened to horn) and the Old English beam, "tree" (cognate with Du... | Biology and health sciences | Fagales | Plants |
8809081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flock%20%28birds%29 | Flock (birds) | A flock is a gathering of individual birds to forage or travel collectively. Avian flocks are typically associated with migration. Flocking also offers foraging benefits and protection from predators, although flocking can have costs for individual members.
Flocks are often defined as groups consisting of individuals ... | Biology and health sciences | Ethology | Biology |
8809337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpetfish | Trumpetfish | The trumpetfishes are three species of highly specialized, tubularly-elongated marine fishes in the genus Aulostomus, of the monogeneric family Aulostomidae. The trumpetfishes are members of the order Syngnathiformes, together with the seahorses and the similarly built, closely related cornetfishes.
The generic name, ... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
3071186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20acceleration | Gravitational acceleration | In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration of an object in free fall within a vacuum (and thus without experiencing drag). This is the steady gain in speed caused exclusively by gravitational attraction. All bodies accelerate in vacuum at the same rate, regardless of the masses or compositions of the bo... | Physical sciences | Orbital mechanics | null |
3071612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20spectral%20series | Hydrogen spectral series | The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. These observed spectral lines are due to the electron making transitions between two energy levels in an atom. The classification of the series by the Rydberg formula was important ... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | Physics |
3072461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20pepper | Long pepper | Long pepper (Piper longum), sometimes called Indian long pepper or pippali, is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. Long pepper has a taste similar to, but sweeter and more pungent than, that of its close relative Piper nigrum – ... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
3074113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope%20jackrabbit | Antelope jackrabbit | The antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni) is a species of North American hare found in southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico that occupies dry desert areas.
Behaviour
It is most active during twilight (crepuscular) and during the night (nocturnal), but can be active during the day when conditions are favorable (heavy ... | Biology and health sciences | Lagomorphs | Animals |
1581508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonchus | Sonchus | Sonchus is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae and are commonly known as sow thistles (less commonly hare thistles or hare lettuces). Sowthistles are annual, biennial or perennial herbs, with or without rhizomes and a few are even woody (subgenus Dendrosonchus, restricted to... | Biology and health sciences | Asterales | null |
1581671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy%20diet | Healthy diet | A healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy.
A healthy diet may contain fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and may include lit... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness: General | Health |
1584031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten-salt%20reactor | Molten-salt reactor | A molten-salt reactor (MSR) is a class of nuclear fission reactor in which the primary nuclear reactor coolant and/or the fuel is a mixture of molten salt with a fissile material.
Two research MSRs operated in the United States in the mid-20th century. The 1950s Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) was primarily motivate... | Technology | Power generation | null |
1584036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney%20transplantation | Kidney transplantation | Kidney transplant or renal transplant is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). Kidney transplant is typically classified as deceased-donor (formerly known as cadaveric) or living-donor transplantation depending on the source of the donor organ. Living-donor kidney transpl... | Biology and health sciences | Surgery | Health |
1585380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmontosaurus | Edmontosaurus | Edmontosaurus ( ) (meaning "lizard from Edmonton"), with the second species often colloquially and historically known as Anatosaurus or Anatotitan (meaning "duck lizard" and "giant duck"), is a genus of hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur. It contains two known species: Edmontosaurus regalis and Edmontosaurus annectens.... | Biology and health sciences | Ornitischians | Animals |
1585399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginocephalia | Marginocephalia | Marginocephalia ( Latin: margin-head) is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that is characterized by a bony shelf or margin at the back of the skull. These fringes were likely used for display. This clade was officially defined in the PhyloCode by Daniel Madzia and colleagues in 2021 as "the smallest clade containing C... | Biology and health sciences | Ornitischians | Animals |
1586000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandalus%20borealis | Pandalus borealis | Pandalus borealis is a species of caridean shrimp found in cold parts of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific Oceans, although the latter population now often is regarded as a separate species, P. eous. The Food and Agriculture Organization refers to them as the northern prawn. Other common names include pink shr... | Biology and health sciences | Shrimps and prawns | Animals |
8912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake%20equation | Drake equation | The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy.
The equation was formulated in 1961 by Frank Drake, not for purposes of quantifying the number of civilizations, but as a way to stimulate scientific dialogue at t... | Physical sciences | Planetary science | Astronomy |
8937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dsungaripterus | Dsungaripterus | Dsungaripterus is a genus of dsungaripterid pterosaur which lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now China and possibly South Korea. Its first fossil was found in the Tugulu Group (Lianmuqin and Shengjinkou Formations) of the Junggar Basin.
Description
Dsungaripterus weii had a wingspan of . Like most dsungar... | Biology and health sciences | Pterosaurs | Animals |
8972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagger | Dagger | A dagger is a fighting knife with a very sharp point and usually one or two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a cutting or thrusting weapon. Daggers have been used throughout human history for close combat confrontations, and many cultures have used adorned daggers in ritual and ceremonial con... | Technology | Melee weapons | null |
9015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20replication | DNA replication | In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance. This is essential for cell division during growth and repair of damaged t... | Biology and health sciences | Cell processes | null |
9061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin | Dolphin | A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti (toothed whale). Dolphins belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins), and possibly extinct Lipotidae (baiji or Chinese river dol... | Biology and health sciences | Cetaceans | null |
9087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical%20system | Dynamical system | In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space, such as in a parametric curve. Examples include the mathematical models that describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in a pipe, the random motion of particles in the air,... | Mathematics | Other | null |
9101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device%20driver | Device driver | In the context of an operating system, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access hardware functions ... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
9109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine%20equation | Diophantine equation | In mathematics, a Diophantine equation is an equation, typically a polynomial equation in two or more unknowns with integer coefficients, for which only integer solutions are of interest. A linear Diophantine equation equates to a constant the sum of two or more monomials, each of degree one. An exponential Diophantin... | Mathematics | Other | null |
9146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly%20%28sheep%29 | Dolly (sheep) | Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female Finn-Dorset sheep and the first mammal that was cloned from an adult somatic cell. She was cloned by associates of the Roslin Institute in Scotland, using the process of nuclear transfer from a cell taken from a mammary gland. Her cloning proved that a cloned organi... | Biology and health sciences | Individual animals | Animals |
9228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth | Earth | Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust. The remaining 29.2... | Physical sciences | null | null |
9236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution | Evolution | Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successiv... | Biology and health sciences | Science and medicine | null |
9241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglenozoa | Euglenozoa | Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few important parasites, some of which infect humans. Euglenozoa are represented by four major groups, i.e., Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, Euglenida, and Symbiontida. Euglenozoa are unicellular, mostly ar... | Biology and health sciences | Other organisms | null |
9251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering | Engineering | Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to solve technical problems, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve systems. Modern engineering comprises many subfields which include designing and improving infrastructure, machinery, vehicles, electronics... | Technology | Technology | null |
9256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma%20machine | Enigma machine | The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military. The Enigma machine was considered so secure that it was used ... | Technology | Computer security | null |
9257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme | Enzyme | Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occ... | Biology and health sciences | Biochemistry and molecular biology | null |
9259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence%20relation | Equivalence relation | In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments in geometry is a common example of an equivalence relation. A simpler example is equality. Any number is equal to itself (reflexive). If , then (symmetric). If and... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
9260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence%20class | Equivalence class | In mathematics, when the elements of some set have a notion of equivalence (formalized as an equivalence relation), then one may naturally split the set into equivalence classes. These equivalence classes are constructed so that elements and belong to the same equivalence class if, and only if, they are equivalent.... | Mathematics | Set theory | null |
9263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether | Ether | In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—a single oxygen atom bonded to two separate carbon atoms, each part of an organyl group (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula , where R and R′ represent the organyl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties:... | Physical sciences | Carbon–oxygen bond | null |
9264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic | Ecliptic | The ecliptic or ecliptic plane is the orbital plane of Earth around the Sun. It was a central concept in a number of ancient sciences, providing the framework for key measurements in astronomy, astrology and calendar-making.
From the perspective of an observer on Earth, the Sun's movement around the celestial sphere o... | Physical sciences | Celestial sphere | null |
9277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse | Ellipse | In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant. It generalizes a circle, which is the special type of ellipse in which the two focal points are the same. The elongation of an ellipse is measu... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
9279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant | Elephant | Elephants are the largest living land animals. Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They are the only surviving members of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea; ext... | Biology and health sciences | Proboscidea | null |
9284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation | Equation | In mathematics, an equation is a mathematical formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word equation and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in French an équation is defined as containing one or more variables, whi... | Mathematics | Algebra | null |
9300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacaran | Ediacaran | The Ediacaran ( ) is a geological period of the Neoproterozoic Era that spans 96 million years from the end of the Cryogenian Period at 635 Mya to the beginning of the Cambrian Period at 538.8 Mya. It is the last period of the Proterozoic Eon as well as the last of the so-called "Precambrian supereon", before the begin... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
9311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrinology | Endocrinology | Endocrinology (from endocrine + -ology) is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones. It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral ac... | Biology and health sciences | Fields of medicine | Health |
9312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine%20system | Endocrine system | The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
In humans, the ... | Biology and health sciences | Animal: General | null |
9320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericales | Ericales | The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, cranberry, sapote, and azalea. The order includes trees, bushes, lianas, and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary autophy... | Biology and health sciences | Ericales | Plants |
9417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20geometry | Euclidean geometry | Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements. Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these. Although man... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
9419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocene | Eocene | The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name Eocene comes from the Ancient Greek (Ēṓs, "Dawn") and (kainós, "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
9425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology | Ethology | Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology... | Biology and health sciences | Ethology | null |
9426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20radiation | Electromagnetic radiation | In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is the set of waves of an electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy.
Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic f... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
9450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20telegraph | Electrical telegraph | Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century. It was the first electrical telecommunications system and the most widely used of a number of early messaging systems called telegraphs, that were devised to send text messages more quickly than p... | Technology | Telecommunications | null |
9476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron | Electron | The electron (, or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron's mass is app... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
9477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium | Europium | Europium is a chemical element; it has symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is a silvery-white metal of the lanthanide series that reacts readily with air to form a dark oxide coating. It is the most chemically reactive, least dense, and softest of the lanthanide elements. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife. ... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
9478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium | Erbium | Erbium is a chemical element; it has symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. It is a lanthanide, a rare-earth element, originally found in the gadolinite mine in Ytterby, Sweden, which is the sour... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
9479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium | Einsteinium | Einsteinium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is named after Albert Einstein and is a member of the actinide series and the seventh transuranium element.
Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952. Its most common isoto... | Physical sciences | Actinides | Chemistry |
9499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet | Ethernet | Ethernet ( ) is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet has since been refined to support higher bit rates, ... | Technology | Networks | null |
9531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20engineering | Electrical engineering | Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems that use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after the commercialization of the electric te... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
9532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism | Electromagnetism | In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combinatio... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
9540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity%20generation | Electricity generation | Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery (transmission, distribution, etc.) to end users or its storage, using for example, the pumped-storage method.
Consumable electricity is ... | Technology | Electricity generation and distribution | null |
9541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20of%20experiments | Design of experiments | The design of experiments, also known as experiment design or experimental design, is the design of any task that aims to describe and explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. The term is generally associated with experiments in which the design introduces co... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
9550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity | Electricity | Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning,... | Physical sciences | Science and medicine | null |
9555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericaceae | Ericaceae | The Ericaceae () are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well k... | Biology and health sciences | Ericales | null |
9559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20network | Electrical network | An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g., batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, transistors) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g., voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances, capacitances). An electrical circuit... | Physical sciences | Electrical circuits | null |
9566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty%20set | Empty set | In mathematics, the empty set or void set is the unique set having no elements; its size or cardinality (count of elements in a set) is zero. Some axiomatic set theories ensure that the empty set exists by including an axiom of empty set, while in other theories, its existence can be deduced. Many possible properties o... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
9588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterrestrial%20life | Extraterrestrial life | Extraterrestrial life, or alien life (colloquially, alien), is life that originates from another world rather than on Earth. No extraterrestrial life has yet been scientifically conclusively detected. Such life might range from simple forms such as prokaryotes to intelligent beings, possibly bringing forth civilization... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | null |
9597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enola%20Gay | Enola Gay | The Enola Gay () is a Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, named after Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb in warfare. The bomb, code-named "Little Boy", was targeted at the city of ... | Technology | Specific aircraft | null |
9598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt | Electronvolt | In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written electron-volt and electron volt, is the measure of an amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV in joules (symbol J) is... | Physical sciences | Energy, power, force and pressure | null |
9601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry | Electrochemistry | Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electrical circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless... | Physical sciences | Chemistry: General | null |
9604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds%20interpretation | Many-worlds interpretation | The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that asserts that the universal wavefunction is objectively real, and that there is no wave function collapse. This implies that all possible outcomes of quantum measurements are physically realized in different "worlds". The evolution of re... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
9613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s%20formula | Euler's formula | Euler's formula, named after Leonhard Euler, is a mathematical formula in complex analysis that establishes the fundamental relationship between the trigonometric functions and the complex exponential function. Euler's formula states that, for any real number , one has
where is the base of the natural logarithm, is ... | Mathematics | Calculus and analysis | null |
9619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile | Extremophile | An extremophile () is an organism that is able to live (or in some cases thrive) in extreme environments, i.e., environments with conditions approaching or stretching the limits of what known life can adapt to, such as extreme temperature, pressure, radiation, salinity, or pH level.
Since the definition of an extreme ... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | null |
9630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology | Ecology | Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely related sciences of biogeography, evolutionary biology, genetics, ethology, and na... | Biology and health sciences | Science and medicine | null |
9632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem | Ecosystem | An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment. The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, parent material which ... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
9633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%20%28mathematical%20constant%29 | E (mathematical constant) | The number is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function. It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different consta... | Mathematics | Counting and numbers | null |
9640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine | Engine | An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential a... | Technology | Tools and machinery | null |
9649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy | Energy | Energy () is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of... | Physical sciences | Science and medicine | null |
9653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected%20value | Expected value | In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average. Informally, the expected value is the mean of the possible values a random variable can take, weighted by... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
9656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20light | Electric light | An electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical component that produces light. It is the most common form of artificial lighting. Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic, metal, glass, or plastic which secures the lamp in the socket of a light fixture, which is often called a "lamp" as well. The electrical co... | Technology | Electronics | null |
9663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics | Electronics | Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles. It is a subfield of physics and electrical engineering which uses active devices such as transistors, diode... | Technology | Electronics | null |
9672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entscheidungsproblem | Entscheidungsproblem | In mathematics and computer science, the ; ) is a challenge posed by David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann in 1928. It asks for an algorithm that considers an inputted statement and answers "yes" or "no" according to whether it is universally valid, i.e., valid in every structure. Such an algorithm was proven to be impos... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
9675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester | Ester | In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group () of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R). These compounds contain a distinctive functional group. Analogues derived from oxygen replaced by other chalcogens b... | Physical sciences | Carbon–oxygen bond | null |
9678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20function | Exponential function | In mathematics, the exponential function is the unique real function which maps zero to one and has a derivative equal to its value. The exponential of a variable is denoted or , with the two notations used interchangeably. It is called exponential because its argument can be seen as an exponent to which a constant n... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
9696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion | Erosion | Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited. Erosion is distinct from weathering which involves no movement. Removal of rock or soil as clast... | Physical sciences | Earth science | null |
9697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20space | Euclidean space | Euclidean space is the fundamental space of geometry, intended to represent physical space. Originally, in Euclid's Elements, it was the three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, but in modern mathematics there are Euclidean spaces of any positive integer dimension n, which are called Euclidean n-spaces when one w... | Mathematics | Euclidean geometry | null |
9707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity | Electronegativity | Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. T... | Physical sciences | Periodic table | Chemistry |
9710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20algebra | Elementary algebra | Elementary algebra, also known as high school algebra or college algebra, encompasses the basic concepts of algebra. It is often contrasted with arithmetic: arithmetic deals with specified numbers, whilst algebra introduces variables (quantities without fixed values).
This use of variables entails use of algebraic not... | Mathematics | Algebra | null |
9730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20microscope | Electron microscope | An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. They use electron optics that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope to control the electron beam, for instance focusing them to produce magnified images or electron diffraction patterns. As the w... | Technology | Optical instruments | null |
9735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20field | Electromagnetic field | An electromagnetic field (also EM field) is a physical field, mathematical functions of position and time, representing the influences on and due to electric charges. The field at any point in space and time can be regarded as a combination of an electric field and a magnetic field.
Because of the interrelationship be... | Physical sciences | Electrodynamics | null |
9737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics | Eugenics | Eugenics ( ; ) is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter the frequency of various human phenotypes by inhibiting the fertility of people and groups they considered inferior, or promoting that of those considered sup... | Biology and health sciences | Genetics | Biology |
9738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email | Email | Electronic mail (usually shortened to email; alternatively hyphenated e-mail) is a method of transmitting and receiving digital messages using electronic devices over a computer network. It was conceived in the late–20th century as the digital version of, or counterpart to, mail (hence e- + mail). Email is a ubiquitous... | Technology | Networks | null |
9758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era | Era | An era is a span of time defined for the purposes of chronology or historiography, as in the regnal eras in the history of a given monarchy, a calendar era used for a given calendar, or the geological eras defined for the history of Earth.
Comparable terms are Epoch, age, period, saeculum, aeon (Greek aion) and Sanskr... | Physical sciences | Time | Basics and measurement |
9763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoplanet | Exoplanet | An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917 but was not then recognized as such. The first confirmed detection of an exoplanet was in 1992 around a pulsar, and the first detection around a main-sequence star was in 1995. A differe... | Physical sciences | Planetary science | null |
9765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equuleus | Equuleus | Equuleus is a faint constellation located just north of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for "little horse", a foal. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the second smallest of the modern constellations (after Cr... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
9770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse | Eclipse | An eclipse is an astronomical event which occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured, by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer. This alignment of three celestial objects is known as a syzygy. An eclipse is the result of either an o... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | null |
9775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic%20reticulum | Endoplasmic reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The endoplasmic reticulum is found in... | Biology and health sciences | Organelles and other cell parts | null |
9804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20charge | Electric charge | Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. An object with no net charge is referred to as electric... | Physical sciences | Electrostatics | null |
9813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction%20event | Extinction event | An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth. Such an event is identified by a sharp fall in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms. It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the background ex... | Physical sciences | Geological history | null |
9837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene | Ethylene | Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or . It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).
Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 1... | Physical sciences | Hydrocarbons | null |
9845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript | JavaScript | JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS. 99% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior.
Web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine that executes the client code. These engines are also utilized in some server... | Technology | Programming | null |
9877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erg | Erg | The erg is a unit of energy equal to 10−7joules (100nJ). It is not an SI unit, instead originating from the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). Its name is derived from (), a Greek word meaning 'work' or 'task'.
An erg is the amount of work done by a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one centimetr... | Physical sciences | Energy | Basics and measurement |
9890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20counting | Electron counting | In chemistry, electron counting is a formalism for assigning a number of valence electrons to individual atoms in a molecule. It is used for classifying compounds and for explaining or predicting their electronic structure and bonding. Many rules in chemistry rely on electron-counting:
Octet rule is used with Lewis ... | Physical sciences | Bonding | Chemistry |
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