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55951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant%20messaging | Instant messaging | Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of synchronous computer-mediated communication involving the immediate (real-time) transmission of messages between two or more parties over the Internet or another computer network. Originally involving simple text message exchanges, modern IM applications and services (also... | Technology | Internet | null |
55955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version%20control | Version control | Version control (also known as revision control, source control, and source code management) is the software engineering practice of controlling, organizing, and tracking different versions in history of computer files; primarily source code text files, but generally any type of file.
Version control is a component of... | Technology | Software development: General | null |
55973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer%20ear | Outer ear | The outer ear, external ear, or auris externa is the external part of the ear, which consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal. It gathers sound energy and focuses it on the eardrum (tympanic membrane).
Structure
Auricle
The visible part is called the auricle, also known as the pinna, especially in othe... | Biology and health sciences | Sensory nervous system | Biology |
55982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty%20bomb | Dirty bomb | A dirty bomb or radiological dispersal device is a radiological weapon that combines radioactive material with conventional explosives. The purpose of the weapon is to contaminate the area around the dispersal agent/conventional explosion with radioactive material, serving primarily as an area denial device against civ... | Technology | Weapon of mass destruction | null |
55983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20rat | Black rat | The black rat (Rattus rattus), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus, in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is now found worldwide.
The black rat is black to light brown in colour with a lighter ... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | Animals |
55999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue | Tongue | The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for chewing and swallowing as part of the digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste buds housed in numerous lingual papillae. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliv... | Biology and health sciences | Digestive system | null |
56098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Carlo%20method | Monte Carlo method | Monte Carlo methods, or Monte Carlo experiments, are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve problems that might be deterministic in principle. The name comes from the Monte Carlo Casino in Monaco, ... | Mathematics | Statistics | null |
56099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20dwarf | Red dwarf | A red dwarf is the smallest kind of star on the main sequence. Red dwarfs are by far the most common type of fusing star in the Milky Way, at least in the neighborhood of the Sun. However, due to their low luminosity, individual red dwarfs cannot be easily observed. From Earth, not one star that fits the stricter defin... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
56106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfire | Wildfire | A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation. Depending on the type of vegetation present, a wildfire may be more specifically identified as a bushfire (in Australia), desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, prairie fire, vegetat... | Physical sciences | Natural disasters | null |
56109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20rat | Brown rat | The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat and Norwegian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown or grey rodent with a body length of up to long, and a tail slightly shorter than that. It weigh... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | null |
602919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20examination | Physical examination | In a physical examination, medical examination, clinical examination, or medical checkup, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition. It generally consists of a series of questions about the patient's medical history followed by an examination based on th... | Biology and health sciences | Medical procedures | null |
602960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20processing | Food processing | Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour, home cooking, and complex industrial methods used in the making of convenience foods. Some food processing methods play important role... | Technology | Food, water and health | null |
603273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification | Magnification | Magnification is the process of enlarging the apparent size, not physical size, of something. This enlargement is quantified by a size ratio called optical magnification. When this number is less than one, it refers to a reduction in size, sometimes called de-magnification.
Typically, magnification is related to scali... | Physical sciences | Optics | Physics |
604156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicobar%20pigeon | Nicobar pigeon | The Nicobar pigeon or Nicobar dove (Caloenas nicobarica, Car: ) is a bird found on small islands and in coastal regions from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, east through the Indonesian Archipelago, to the Solomons and Palau. It is the only living member of the genus Caloenas alongside the extinct spotted green ... | Biology and health sciences | Columbimorphae | Animals |
604685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutibacterium%20acnes | Cutibacterium acnes | Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) is the relatively slow-growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium (rod) linked to the skin condition of acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery. Its genome has been sequen... | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
604798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule%20heating | Joule heating | Joule heating (also known as resistive heating, resistance heating, or Ohmic heating) is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat.
Joule's first law (also just Joule's law), also known in countries of the former USSR as the Joule–Lenz law, states that the power of heati... | Physical sciences | Electrical circuits | Physics |
605210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryopteridaceae | Dryopteridaceae | The Dryopteridaceae are a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales. They are known colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Dryopteridoideae ... | Biology and health sciences | Ferns | Plants |
605528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted%20dove | Spotted dove | The spotted dove or eastern spotted dove (Spilopelia chinensis) is a small and somewhat long-tailed pigeon that is a common resident breeding bird across its native range on the Indian subcontinent and in East and Southeast Asia. The species has been introduced to many parts of the world and feral populations have beco... | Biology and health sciences | Columbimorphae | Animals |
605587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing%20dove | Laughing dove | The laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) is a small pigeon that is a resident breeder in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Western Australia where it has established itself in the wild after being released from Perth Zoo in 1898. This small long-tailed dove is found in dry scrub and semi-desert habitats where... | Biology and health sciences | Columbimorphae | Animals |
606149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meso%20compound | Meso compound | A meso compound or meso isomer is an optically inactive isomer in a set of stereoisomers, at least two of which are optically active. This means that despite containing two or more stereocenters, the molecule is not chiral. A meso compound is superposable on its mirror image (not to be confused with superimposable, as ... | Physical sciences | Stereochemistry | Chemistry |
1018642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawall | Seawall | A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast. The purpose of a seawall is to protect areas of human habitation, conservation, and leisure activities from the action of tides, waves, or tsunamis. As a sea... | Technology | Coastal infrastructure | null |
1018849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus%20Arm | Perseus Arm | The Perseus Arm is one of two major spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy. The second major arm is called the Scutum–Centaurus Arm. The Perseus Arm begins from the distal end of the long Milky Way central bar. Previously thought to be 13,000 light-years away, it is now thought to lie 6,400 light years from the Solar Syst... | Physical sciences | Milky Way | Astronomy |
1018854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutum%E2%80%93Centaurus%20Arm | Scutum–Centaurus Arm | The Scutum–Centaurus Arm, also known as Scutum-Crux arm, is a long, diffuse curving streamer of stars, gas and dust that spirals outward from the proximate end of the Milky Way's central bar. The Milky Way has been posited since the 1950s to have four spiral arms; numerous studies contest or nuance this number. In 2008... | Physical sciences | Milky Way | Astronomy |
1019118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown%20group | Crown group | In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and ... | Biology and health sciences | Phylogenetics and taxonomy | Biology |
1019228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating%20crossbow | Repeating crossbow | The repeating crossbow (), also known as the repeater crossbow, and the Zhuge crossbow (, also romanized Chu-ko-nu) due to its association with the Three Kingdoms-era strategist Zhuge Liang (181–234 AD), is a crossbow invented during the Warring States period in China that combined the bow spanning, bolt placing, and s... | Technology | Archery | null |
1019238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imipramine | Imipramine | Imipramine, sold under the brand name Tofranil, among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) mainly used in the treatment of depression. It is also effective in treating anxiety and panic disorder. Imipramine is taken by mouth.
Common side effects of imipramine include dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, low blood ... | Biology and health sciences | Psychiatric drugs | Health |
1019722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISRO | ISRO | The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO ) is India's national space agency. It serves as the principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), overseen by the Prime Minister of India, with the Chairman of ISRO also serving as the chief executive of the DoS. It is primarily responsible for sp... | Technology | Programs and launch sites | null |
1020491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite%20%28rock%29 | Dolomite (rock) | Dolomite (also known as dolomite rock, dolostone or dolomitic rock) is a sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2. It occurs widely, often in association with limestone and evaporites, though it is less abundant than limestone and rare in Cenozoic rock beds (beds le... | Physical sciences | Sedimentary rocks | Earth science |
1021213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodiak%20bear | Kodiak bear | The Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi), also known as the Kodiak brown bear and sometimes the Alaskan brown bear, inhabits the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in southwest Alaska. It is one of the largest recognized subspecies or population of the brown bear, and one of the two largest bears alive today, the oth... | Biology and health sciences | Bears | Animals |
1021764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshopper | Grasshopper | Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera. They are amongst what are possibly the most ancient living groups of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago.
Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which all... | Biology and health sciences | Orthoptera | null |
10964778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinder%20cone | Cinder cone | A cinder cone (or scoria cone) is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent. As the gas-charg... | Physical sciences | Volcanology | Earth science |
10970082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning%20disability | Learning disability | Learning disability, learning disorder, or learning difficulty (British English) is a condition in the brain that causes difficulties comprehending or processing information and can be caused by several different factors. Given the "difficulty learning in a typical manner", this does not exclude the ability to learn i... | Biology and health sciences | Disabilities | Health |
341640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriander | Coriander | Coriander (; Coriandrum sativum), also known as cilantro (), is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae.
Most people perceive coriander to have a tart, slightly citrus taste. Due to variations in the gene OR6A2, some people perceive it to have a soap-like taste, or even a pungent or rotten taste.
It is native to the Me... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
341682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%20root%20of%202 | Square root of 2 | The square root of 2 (approximately 1.4142) is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself or squared, equals the number 2. It may be written in mathematics as or . It is an algebraic number, and therefore not a transcendental number. Technically, it should be called the principal square root of 2, to dis... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
341989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasmatodea | Phasmatodea | The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida or Phasmatoptera) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick bugs, walkingsticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as Devil's darning needles, although this name is shared by both dragonflies and crane fli... | Biology and health sciences | Insects and other hexapods | null |
342078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimbal | Gimbal | A gimbal is a pivoted support that permits rotation of an object about an axis. A set of three gimbals, one mounted on the other with orthogonal pivot axes, may be used to allow an object mounted on the innermost gimbal to remain independent of the rotation of its support (e.g. vertical in the first animation). For exa... | Technology | Mechanisms | null |
342304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar%20puncture | Lumbar puncture | Lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal, most commonly to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic testing. The main reason for a lumbar puncture is to help diagnose diseases of the central nervous system, including the brain a... | Biology and health sciences | Medical procedures | null |
342334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopsy | Autopsy | An autopsy (also referred to as post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death; or the exam may be performed to evaluate any disease or injury that may be pre... | Biology and health sciences | Medical procedures | null |
342684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion%E2%80%93exclusion%20principle | Inclusion–exclusion principle | In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as
where A and B are two finite sets and |S| indicates the cardinality of a set S (which may be considered as the... | Mathematics | Combinatorics | null |
342941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime%20patrol%20aircraft | Maritime patrol aircraft | A maritime patrol aircraft (MPA), also known as a patrol aircraft, maritime reconnaissance aircraft, maritime surveillance aircraft, or by the older American term patrol bomber, is a fixed-wing aircraft designed to operate for long durations over water in maritime patrol roles — in particular anti-submarine warfare (AS... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
343225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20ice | Sea ice | Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth's surface and about 12% of the world's oceans. Much of the world's sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth's polar regions: the A... | Physical sciences | Glaciology | null |
343230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopilot | Autopilot | An autopilot is a system used to control the path of a vehicle without requiring constant manual control by a human operator. Autopilots do not replace human operators. Instead, the autopilot assists the operator's control of the vehicle, allowing the operator to focus on broader aspects of operations (for example, mo... | Technology | Aircraft components | null |
343246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20shelf | Ice shelf | An ice shelf is a large platform of glacial ice floating on the ocean, fed by one or multiple tributary glaciers. Ice shelves form along coastlines where the ice thickness is insufficient to displace the more dense surrounding ocean water. The boundary between the ice shelf (floating) and grounded ice (resting on bedro... | Physical sciences | Glaciology | null |
343492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor | An electrolytic capacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving as the cathode or n... | Technology | Components | null |
343857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn%20mower | Lawn mower | A lawn mower (also known as a grass cutter or simply mower, also often spelled lawnmower) is a device utilizing one or more revolving blades (or a reel) to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the mower's design but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a si... | Technology | Farm and garden machinery | null |
343884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacerta%20%28genus%29 | Lacerta (genus) | Lacerta is a genus of lizards of the family Lacertidae.
Taxonomy
Lacerta was a fairly diverse genus containing around 40 species, until it was split into nine genera in 2007 by Arnold, Arribas & Carranza.
Fossil record
The earliest known members of the genus Lacerta are known from early Miocene epoch fossils indistin... | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
343960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy%20bomber | Heavy bomber | Heavy bombers are bomber aircraft capable of delivering the largest payload of air-to-ground weaponry (usually bombs) and longest range (takeoff to landing) of their era. Archetypal heavy bombers have therefore usually been among the largest and most powerful military aircraft at any point in time. In the second half o... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
343971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium%20bomber | Medium bomber | A medium bomber is a military bomber aircraft designed to operate with medium-sized bombloads over medium range distances; the name serves to distinguish this type from larger heavy bombers and smaller light bombers. Mediums generally carried about two tons of bombs, compared to light bombers that carried one ton, and ... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
344195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living%20fossil | Living fossil | A living fossil is a deprecated term for an extant taxon that phenotypically resembles related species known only from the fossil record. To be considered a living fossil, the fossil species must be old relative to the time of origin of the extant clade. Living fossils commonly are of species-poor lineages, but they ... | Biology and health sciences | Basics_4 | Biology |
344287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20poisoning | Mercury poisoning | Mercury poisoning is a type of metal poisoning due to exposure to mercury. Symptoms depend upon the type, dose, method, and duration of exposure. They may include muscle weakness, poor coordination, numbness in the hands and feet, skin rashes, anxiety, memory problems, trouble speaking, trouble hearing, or trouble seei... | Biology and health sciences | Types | Health |
11946500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20189733%20b | HD 189733 b | HD 189733 b is an exoplanet in the constellation of Vulpecula approximately away from the Solar System. Astronomers in France discovered the planet orbiting the star HD 189733 on October 5, 2005, by observing its transit across the star's face. With a mass 11.2% higher than that of Jupiter and a radius 11.4% greater, ... | Physical sciences | Notable exoplanets | Astronomy |
9491546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slickenside | Slickenside | In geology, a slickenside is a smoothly polished surface caused by frictional movement between rocks along a fault. This surface is typically striated with linear features, called slickenlines, in the direction of movement.
Geometry of slickensides
A slickenside can occur as a single surface at a fault between two ha... | Physical sciences | Geologic features | Earth science |
2229292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%20numbers%20of%20the%20second%20kind | Stirling numbers of the second kind | In mathematics, particularly in combinatorics, a Stirling number of the second kind (or Stirling partition number) is the number of ways to partition a set of n objects into k non-empty subsets and is denoted by or . Stirling numbers of the second kind occur in the field of mathematics called combinatorics and the st... | Mathematics | Combinatorics | null |
2229296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%20numbers%20of%20the%20first%20kind | Stirling numbers of the first kind | In mathematics, especially in combinatorics, Stirling numbers of the first kind arise in the study of permutations. In particular, the unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind count permutations according to their number of cycles (counting fixed points as cycles of length one).
The Stirling numbers of the first a... | Mathematics | Combinatorics | null |
2229759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensis | Ensis | Ensis is a genus of medium-sized edible saltwater clams, littoral bivalve molluscs in the family Pharidae. Ensis, or razor clams, are known in much of Scotland as spoots, for the spouts of water they eject while burrowing into the sand, when visible at low tide. This term may also colloquially include members of the ge... | Biology and health sciences | Bivalvia | Animals |
2230558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diadectes | Diadectes | Diadectes (meaning crosswise-biter) is an extinct genus of large reptiliomorphs or synapsids that lived during the early Permian period (Artinskian-Kungurian stages of the Cisuralian epoch, between 290 and 272 million years ago). Diadectes was one of the first herbivorous tetrapods, and also one of the first fully terr... | Biology and health sciences | Reptiliomorphs | Animals |
2231059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheavy%20element | Superheavy element | Superheavy elements, also known as transactinide elements, transactinides, or super-heavy elements, or superheavies for short, are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 104. The superheavy elements are those beyond the actinides in the periodic table; the last actinide is lawrencium (atomic number 103).... | Physical sciences | Periods | Chemistry |
2232092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutein | Lutein | Lutein (; from Latin luteus meaning "yellow") is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants, and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modu... | Biology and health sciences | Biological pigments | Biology |
5604894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyornis | Presbyornis | Presbyornis is an extinct genus of presbyornithid bird from North America during the Paleogene period, between the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene.
History of discovery
The fossil record of P. pervetus includes many complete skeletons from Green River Formation sites (Early Eocene), suggesting that the birds nested i... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric birds | Animals |
5605480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostability | Thermostability | In materials science and molecular biology, thermostability is the ability of a substance to resist irreversible change in its chemical or physical structure, often by resisting decomposition or polymerization, at a high relative temperature.
Thermostable materials may be used industrially as fire retardants. A thermo... | Biology and health sciences | Basics | Biology |
14640471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars | Mars | Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The surface of Mars is orange-red because it is covered in iron(III) oxide dust, giving it the nickname "the Red Planet". Mars is among the brightest objects in Earth's sky, and its high-contrast albedo features have made it a common subject for telescope viewing. It is classifie... | Physical sciences | Astronomy | null |
14644243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic%20rank | Taxonomic rank | In biology, taxonomic rank (which some authors prefer to call nomenclatural rank because ranking is part of nomenclature rather than taxonomy proper, according to some definitions of these terms) is the relative or absolute level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a hierarchy that reflects evolutionary relationships.... | Biology and health sciences | Taxonomic rank | Biology |
169358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations%20of%20mathematics | Foundations of mathematics | Foundations of mathematics are the logical and mathematical framework that allows the development of mathematics without generating self-contradictory theories, and, in particular, to have reliable concepts of theorems, proofs, algorithms, etc. This may also include the philosophical study of the relation of this frame... | Mathematics | Foundations | null |
169493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petal | Petal | Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the corolla. Petals are usually surrounded by an outer whorl of modified leaves called s... | Biology and health sciences | Plant anatomy and morphology: General | Biology |
169498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia%20areata | Alopecia areata | Alopecia areata, also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. It often results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological stress and illness are possible factors in bringing on alopecia areata in individuals at risk, but in mos... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness: General | Health |
169546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suede | Suede | Suede (pronounced ) is a type of leather with a fuzzy, napped finish, commonly used for jackets, shoes, fabrics, purses, furniture, and other items.
Suede is made from the underside of the animal skin, which is softer and more pliable than the outer skin layer, though not as durable.
Etymology
The term comes from th... | Technology | Materials | null |
169552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth%20force | Fifth force | In physics, a fifth force refers to a hypothetical fundamental interaction (also known as fundamental force) beyond the four known interactions in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces.
Some speculative theories have proposed a fifth force to explain various anomalous observat... | Physical sciences | Physics basics: General | Physics |
169553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20dating | Online dating | Online dating, also known as internet dating, virtual dating, or mobile app dating, is a method used by people with a goal of searching for and interacting with potential romantic or sexual partners, via the internet. An online dating service is a company that promotes and provides specific mechanisms for the practice ... | Technology | Internet | null |
169720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melon | Melon | A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet, edible, and fleshy fruit. It can also specifically refer to Cucumis melo, commonly known as the "true melon" or simply "melon". The term "melon" can apply to both the plant and its fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a "pe... | Biology and health sciences | Melons | Plants |
169734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinach | Spinach | Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a leafy green flowering plant native to central and Western Asia. It is of the order Caryophyllales, family Amaranthaceae, subfamily Chenopodioideae. Its leaves are a common edible vegetable consumed either fresh, or after storage using preservation techniques by canning, freezing, or deh... | Biology and health sciences | Caryophyllales | null |
169785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewberry | Dewberry | The dewberries are a group of species in the genus Rubus, section Rubus, closely related to the blackberries. They are small trailing (rather than upright or high-arching) brambles with aggregate fruits, reminiscent of the raspberry, but are usually purple to black instead of red.
Description
The plants do not have up... | Biology and health sciences | Berries | Plants |
169799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon%20tetra | Neon tetra | The neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) is a freshwater fish of the characin family (family Characidae) of order Characiformes. The type species of its genus, it is native to blackwater and clearwater streams in the Amazon basin of South America. Its bright colouring makes the fish visible to conspecifics in the dark bla... | Biology and health sciences | Characiformes | Animals |
169889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoproterozoic | Paleoproterozoic | The Paleoproterozoic Era (also spelled Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning from (2.5–1.6 Ga). It is further subdivided into four geologic periods, namely the Siderian, Rhyacian, Orosirian and Stat... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
169942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20weight | Troy weight | Troy weight is a system of units of mass that originated in the Kingdom of England in the 15th century and is primarily used in the precious metals industry. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal t... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
169946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain%20%28unit%29 | Grain (unit) | A grain is a unit of measurement of mass, and in the troy weight, avoirdupois, and apothecaries' systems, equal to exactly . It is nominally based upon the mass of a single ideal seed of a cereal. From the Bronze Age into the Renaissance, the average masses of wheat and barley grains were part of the legal definitions ... | Physical sciences | Mass and weight | Basics and measurement |
170045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke%20engine | Four-stroke engine | A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction. The four separate strokes are termed:
Intake: Also known as induction o... | Technology | Basics_8 | null |
170089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical%20integration | Numerical integration | In analysis, numerical integration comprises a broad family of algorithms for calculating the numerical value of a definite integral.
The term numerical quadrature (often abbreviated to quadrature) is more or less a synonym for "numerical integration", especially as applied to one-dimensional integrals. Some authors re... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
170097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20free%20path | Mean free path | In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles.
Scatte... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
170104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper | Juniper | Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus ( ) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south as tropical Africa, including the Arctic, parts of Asia, and Central America. Th... | Biology and health sciences | Gymnosperms | null |
170165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20energy | Fermi energy | The Fermi energy is a concept in quantum mechanics usually referring to the energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied single-particle states in a quantum system of non-interacting fermions at absolute zero temperature.
In a Fermi gas, the lowest occupied state is taken to have zero kinetic energy, where... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
170167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann%20statistics | Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | In statistical mechanics, Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics describes the distribution of classical material particles over various energy states in thermal equilibrium. It is applicable when the temperature is high enough or the particle density is low enough to render quantum effects negligible.
The expected number of pa... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
170350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert%20climate | Desert climate | The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk) is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert climates are dry and hold little moisture, quickly evaporating the already little ra... | Physical sciences | Climates | Earth science |
170396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark%20%28botany%29 | Bark (botany) | Bark is the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues outside the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark. The inner bark, which in older stems i... | Biology and health sciences | Plant stem | null |
170406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt | Silt | Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water. Silt usually has a floury feel when dry, and lacks plasticity when wet. Silt can also be felt by the tongue as... | Physical sciences | Sedimentology | Earth science |
170417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%20cell | T cell | T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell surface.
T cells are born from hematopoietic stem cells, found in the bo... | Biology and health sciences | Immune system | Biology |
170567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicity | Toxicity | Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the ... | Biology and health sciences | Miscellaneous | null |
170578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermicompost | Vermicompost | Vermicompost (vermi-compost) is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. This process is called vermicomposting, with the rearing of worm... | Technology | Agronomical techniques | null |
170660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angora%20goat | Angora goat | The Angora or Ankara is a Turkish breed of domesticated goat. It produces the lustrous fibre known as mohair. It is widespread in many countries of the world. Many breeds derive from it, among them the Indian Mohair, the Soviet Mohair, the Angora-Don of the Russian Federation and the Pygora in the United States.
Histo... | Biology and health sciences | Goats | Animals |
170690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuniculture | Cuniculture | Cuniculture is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising domestic rabbits as livestock for their meat, fur, or wool. Cuniculture is also employed by rabbit fanciers and hobbyists in the development and betterment of rabbit breeds and the exhibition of those efforts. Scientists practice cuniculture in the use an... | Technology | Agriculture_2 | null |
170718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce | Spruce | A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea ( ), a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Northern hemisphere. Picea is the sole genus in the subfamily Piceoideae. Spruces are large trees, from about 20 to 60 m (about 6... | Biology and health sciences | Gymnosperms | null |
170722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fir | Fir | Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies () in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.
... | Biology and health sciences | Gymnosperms | null |
170742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betulaceae | Betulaceae | Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams, numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with a few species reaching the Southern Hemis... | Biology and health sciences | Fagales | Plants |
170757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotron%20radiation | Cyclotron radiation | In particle physics, cyclotron radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by non-relativistic accelerating charged particles deflected by a magnetic field. The Lorentz force on the particles acts perpendicular to both the magnetic field lines and the particles' motion through them, creating an acceleration of char... | Physical sciences | Electromagnetic radiation | Physics |
170808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron%20radiation | Synchrotron radiation | Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity (). It is produced artificially in some types of particle accelerators or naturally by fast electrons moving through mag... | Physical sciences | Electromagnetic radiation | Physics |
170825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipworm | Shipworm | The shipworms, also called Teredo worms or simply Teredo (, via Latin ), are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Teredinidae, a group of saltwater clams with long, soft, naked bodies. They are notorious for boring into (and commonly eventually destroying) wood that is immersed in seawater, including such structures a... | Biology and health sciences | Bivalvia | Animals |
170829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock%20absorber | Shock absorber | A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via visco... | Technology | Mechanisms | null |
170853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergiant | Supergiant | Supergiants are among the most massive and most luminous stars. Supergiant stars occupy the top region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram with absolute visual magnitudes between about −3 and −8. The temperature range of supergiant stars spans from about 3,400 K to over 20,000 K.
Definition
The title supergiant, as app... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
170920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiitake | Shiitake | The shiitake (; Chinese/black forest mushrooms or Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom native to East Asia, which is cultivated and consumed around the globe.
Taxonomy
The fungus was first described scientifically as Agaricus edodes by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1877. It was placed in the genus Lentinula by David Pe... | Biology and health sciences | Edible fungi | null |
170927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping%20cough | Whooping cough | Whooping cough ( or ), also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. Following ... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
170939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step%20function | Step function | In mathematics, a function on the real numbers is called a step function if it can be written as a finite linear combination of indicator functions of intervals. Informally speaking, a step function is a piecewise constant function having only finitely many pieces.
Definition and first consequences
A function is call... | Mathematics | Specific functions | null |
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