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972966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerridae | Gerridae | The Gerridae are a family of insects in the order Hemiptera, commonly known as water striders, water skeeters, water scooters, water bugs, pond skaters, water skippers, water gliders, water skimmers or puddle flies. Consistent with the classification of the Gerridae as true bugs (i.e., suborder Heteroptera), gerrids ha... | Biology and health sciences | Hemiptera (true bugs) | Animals |
973737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formatted%20text | Formatted text | In computing, formatted text, styled text, or rich text, as opposed to plain text, is digital text which has styling information beyond the minimum of semantic elements: colours, styles (boldface, italic), sizes, and special features in HTML (such as hyperlinks).
Terminology
Formatted text cannot rightly be identified... | Technology | Data storage and memory | null |
973884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erinaceidae | Erinaceidae | Erinaceidae is a family in the order Eulipotyphla, consisting of the hedgehogs and moonrats. Until recently, it was assigned to the order Erinaceomorpha, which has been subsumed with the paraphyletic Soricomorpha into Eulipotyphla. Eulipotyphla has been shown to be monophyletic; Soricomorpha is paraphyletic because bo... | Biology and health sciences | Eulipotyphla | Animals |
974163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backstaff | Backstaff | The backstaff is a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of a celestial body, in particular the Sun or Moon. When observing the Sun, users kept the Sun to their back (hence the name) and observed the shadow cast by the upper vane on a horizon vane. It was invented by the English navigator John D... | Technology | Navigation | null |
974169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20function | Algebraic function | In mathematics, an algebraic function is a function that can be defined
as the root of an irreducible polynomial equation. Algebraic functions are often algebraic expressions using a finite number of terms, involving only the algebraic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and raising to a fracti... | Mathematics | Functions: General | null |
974321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rialto%20Bridge | Rialto Bridge | The Rialto Bridge (; ) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in 1173, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.
The present sto... | Technology | Bridges | null |
974623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20%28color%29 | Silver (color) | Silver or metallic gray is a color tone resembling gray that is a representation of the color of polished silver.
The visual sensation usually associated with the metal silver is its metallic shine. This cannot be reproduced by a simple solid color because the shiny effect is due to the material's brightness varying w... | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
975020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%20106 | Messier 106 | Messier 106 (also known as NGC 4258) is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. M106 is at a distance of about 22 to 25 million light-years away from Earth. M106 contains an active nucleus classified as a Type 2 Seyfert, and the presence of a centr... | Physical sciences | Notable galaxies | Astronomy |
11730924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit%20order | Merit order | The merit order is a way of ranking available sources of energy, especially electrical generation, based on ascending order of price (which may reflect the order of their short-run marginal costs of production) and sometimes pollution, together with amount of energy that will be generated. In a centralized management s... | Technology | Concepts | null |
2970774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant%20flux | Radiant flux | In radiometry, radiant flux or radiant power is the radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received per unit time, and spectral flux or spectral power is the radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of ... | Physical sciences | Electromagnetic radiation | Physics |
2971205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Deemter%20equation | Van Deemter equation | The van Deemter equation in chromatography, named for Jan van Deemter, relates the variance per unit length of a separation column to the linear mobile phase velocity by considering physical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of a separation. These properties include pathways within the column, diffusion (axial and... | Physical sciences | Chromatography | Chemistry |
2973295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20galaxy | Satellite galaxy | A satellite galaxy is a smaller companion galaxy that travels on bound orbits within the gravitational potential of a more massive and luminous host galaxy (also known as the primary galaxy). Satellite galaxies and their constituents are bound to their host galaxy, in the same way that planets within the Solar System a... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
2977013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20heron | Night heron | The night herons are medium-sized herons, 58–65 cm, in the genera Nycticorax, Nyctanassa, and Gorsachius. The genus name Nycticorax derives from the Greek for "night raven" and refers to the largely nocturnal feeding habits of this group of birds, and the croaking crow-like, almost like a barking sound, call of the bes... | Biology and health sciences | Pelecanimorphae | Animals |
6953458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadley%20cell | Hadley cell | The Hadley cell, also known as the Hadley circulation, is a global-scale tropical atmospheric circulation that features air rising near the equator, flowing poleward near the tropopause at a height of above the Earth's surface, cooling and descending in the subtropics at around 25 degrees latitude, and then returning ... | Physical sciences | Atmospheric circulation | null |
6954092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous%20differential%20equation | Homogeneous differential equation | A differential equation can be homogeneous in either of two respects.
A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it may be written
where and are homogeneous functions of the same degree of and . In this case, the change of variable leads to an equation of the form
which is easy to solve b... | Mathematics | Differential equations | null |
42967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithology | Ornithology | Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds. It has also been an area with a large contribution made by amateurs in terms of time, resources, and financial support... | Biology and health sciences | Basics_2 | Biology |
42975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%27s%20law | Hubble's law | Hubble's law, also known as the Hubble–Lemaître law, is the observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance. In other words, the farther a galaxy is from the Earth, the faster it moves away. A galaxy's recessional velocity is typically determined by me... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | null |
42986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20current | Alternating current | Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences, and it is the f... | Physical sciences | Electrical circuits | null |
42991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar%20glider | Sugar glider | The sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) is a small, omnivorous, arboreal, and nocturnal gliding possum. The common name refers to its predilection for sugary foods such as sap and nectar and its ability to glide through the air, much like a flying squirrel. They have very similar habits and appearance to the flying squi... | Biology and health sciences | Diprotodontia | Animals |
43024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee | Levee | A levee ( or ), dike (American English), dyke (British English; see spelling differences), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is an elevated ridge, natural or artificial, alongside the banks of a river, often intended to protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river. It is usually earthen and often runs par... | Technology | Hydraulic infrastructure | null |
43026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness | Endianness | In computing, endianness is the order in which bytes within a word of digital data are transmitted over a data communication medium or addressed (by rising addresses) in computer memory, counting only byte significance compared to earliness. Endianness is primarily expressed as big-endian (BE) or little-endian (LE), te... | Technology | Computer architecture concepts | null |
43081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic | Traffic | Traffic comprises pedestrians, vehicles, ridden or herded animals, trains, and other conveyances that use public ways (roads/sidewalks) for travel and transportation.
Traffic laws govern and regulate traffic, while rules of the road include traffic laws and informal rules that may have developed over time to facilita... | Technology | Basics_7 | null |
43085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutile | Rutile | Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.
Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large biref... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
43093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum | Flagellum | A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores (zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are known as flagellates.
A microorganism may have from ... | Biology and health sciences | Organelles and other cell parts | null |
43118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilium | Cilium | The cilium (: cilia; ; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, cilium) is a short hair-like membrane protrusion from many types of eukaryotic cell. (Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea.) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger cell body. Eukaryotic fla... | Biology and health sciences | Cell parts | Biology |
43126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto%20%28moon%29 | Callisto (moon) | Callisto ( ), or Jupiter IV, is the second-largest moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede. In the Solar System it is the third-largest moon after Ganymede and Saturn's largest moon Titan, and nearly as large as the smallest planet Mercury. Callisto is, with a diameter of , roughly a third larger than Earth's Moon and orbits J... | Physical sciences | Solar System | null |
43127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa%20%28moon%29 | Europa (moon) | Europa , or Jupiter II, is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 95 known moons of Jupiter. It is also the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System. Europa was discovered independently by Simon Marius and Galileo Galilei and was named (by Marius) after Eu... | Physical sciences | Solar System | null |
43136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipuncula | Sipuncula | The Sipuncula or Sipunculida (common names sipunculid worms or peanut worms) is a class containing about 162 species of unsegmented marine annelid worms. Sipuncula was once considered a phylum, but was demoted to a class of Annelida, based on recent molecular work.
Sipunculans vary in size but most species are under ... | Biology and health sciences | Lophotrochozoa | Animals |
43139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placozoa | Placozoa | Placozoa ( ; ) is a phylum of free-living (non-parasitic) marine invertebrates. They are blob-like animals composed of aggregations of cells. Moving in water by ciliary motion, eating food by engulfment, reproducing by fission or budding, placozoans are described as "the simplest animals on Earth." Structural and molec... | Biology and health sciences | Other | Animals |
43140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbion | Symbion | Symbion is a genus of commensal aquatic animals, less than 0.5 mm wide, found living attached to the mouthparts of cold-water lobsters. They have sac-like bodies, and three distinctly different forms in different parts of their two-stage life-cycle. They appear so different from other animals that they were assigned th... | Biology and health sciences | Spiralia | Animals |
43143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm | Echinoderm | An echinoderm () is any animal of the phylum Echinodermata (), which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies". While bilaterally symmetrical as larvae, as adults echinoderms are recognisable by their usually five-pointed radial sy... | Biology and health sciences | Echinoderms | null |
43145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrotrich | Gastrotrich | The gastrotrichs (phylum Gastrotricha), commonly referred to as hairybellies or hairybacks, are a group of microscopic (0.06–3.0 mm), cylindrical, acoelomate animals, and are widely distributed and abundant in freshwater and marine environments. They are mostly benthic and live within the periphyton, the layer of tiny ... | Biology and health sciences | Platyzoa | Animals |
43146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemichordate | Hemichordate | Hemichordata ( ) is a phylum which consists of triploblastic, eucoelomate, and bilaterally symmetrical marine deuterostome animals, generally considered the sister group of the echinoderms. They appear in the Lower or Middle Cambrian and include two main classes: Enteropneusta (acorn worms), and Pterobranchia. A third ... | Biology and health sciences | Other | Animals |
43147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthocephala | Acanthocephala | Acanthocephala (Greek , 'thorn' + , 'head') is a group of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host. Acanthocephalans have complex life cy... | Biology and health sciences | Platyzoa | Animals |
43148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loricifera | Loricifera | Loricifera (from Latin, lorica, corselet (armour) + ferre, to bear) is a phylum of very small to microscopic marine cycloneuralian sediment-dwelling animals with 43 described species. and approximately 100 more that have been collected and not yet described. Their sizes range from 100 μm to .
They are characterised by... | Biology and health sciences | Ecdysozoa | Animals |
43171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaetognatha | Chaetognatha | The Chaetognatha or chaetognaths (meaning bristle-jaws) are a phylum of predatory marine worms that are a major component of plankton worldwide. Commonly known as arrow worms, they are mostly nektonic; however about 20% of the known species are benthic, and can attach to algae and rocks. They are found in all marine ... | Biology and health sciences | Spiralia | Animals |
43175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conodont | Conodont | Conodonts (Greek kōnos, "cone", + odont, "tooth") are an extinct group of jawless vertebrates, classified in the class Conodonta. They are primarily known from their hard, mineralised tooth-like structures called "conodont elements" that in life were present in the oral cavity and used to process food. Rare soft tissu... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric agnathae and early chordates | Animals |
43177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathostomulid | Gnathostomulid | Gnathostomulids, or jaw worms, are a small phylum of nearly microscopic marine animals. They inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters and can survive in relatively anoxic environments. They were first recognised and described in 1956.
Anatomy
Most gnathostomulids measure in length. They are often slender t... | Biology and health sciences | Spiralia | Animals |
43184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobopodia | Lobopodia | Lobopodians are members of the informal group Lobopodia (from the Greek, meaning "blunt feet"), or the formally erected phylum Lobopoda Cavalier-Smith (1998). They are panarthropods with stubby legs called lobopods, a term which may also be used as a common name of this group as well. While the definition of lobopodian... | Biology and health sciences | Ecdysozoa | Animals |
43196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematomorpha | Nematomorpha | Nematomorpha (sometimes called Gordiacea, and commonly known as horsehair worms, hairsnakes, or Gordian worms) are a phylum of parasitoid animals superficially similar to nematode worms in morphology, hence the name. Most species range in size from , reaching in extreme cases, and in diameter. Horsehair worms can be ... | Biology and health sciences | Ecdysozoa | Animals |
43198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora | Onychophora | Onychophora (from , , "claws"; and , , "to carry"), commonly known as velvet worms (for their velvety texture and somewhat wormlike appearance) or more ambiguously as peripatus (after the first described genus, Peripatus), is a phylum of elongate, soft-bodied, many-legged animals. In appearance they have variously be... | Biology and health sciences | Ecdysozoa | Animals |
43200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemertea | Nemertea | Nemertea is a phylum of animals also known as ribbon worms or proboscis worms, consisting of about 1300 known species. Most ribbon worms are very slim, usually only a few millimeters wide, although a few have relatively short but wide bodies. Many have patterns of yellow, orange, red and green coloration.
The foregut... | Biology and health sciences | Lophotrochozoa | Animals |
43207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychaete | Polychaete | Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. More than 10,000 species are described in this class. Common r... | Biology and health sciences | Lophotrochozoa | null |
43209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priapulida | Priapulida | Priapulida (priapulid worms, from Gr. πριάπος, priāpos 'Priapus' + Lat. -ul-, diminutive), sometimes referred to as penis worms, is a phylum of unsegmented marine worms. The name of the phylum relates to the Greek god of fertility, because their general shape and their extensible spiny introvert (eversible) proboscis m... | Biology and health sciences | Ecdysozoa | Animals |
43217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetulicolia | Vetulicolia | Vetulicolia is a group of bilaterian marine animals encompassing several extinct species from the Cambrian, and possibly Ediacaran, periods. As of 2023, the majority of workers favor placing Vetulicolians in the stem group of the Chordata, but some continue to favor a more crownward placement as a sister group to the ... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric agnathae and early chordates | Animals |
43325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability%20space | Probability space | In probability theory, a probability space or a probability triple is a mathematical construct that provides a formal model of a random process or "experiment". For example, one can define a probability space which models the throwing of a .
A probability space consists of three elements:
A sample space, , which is ... | Mathematics | Probability | null |
43377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin | Keratin | Keratin () is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. Alpha-keratin (α-keratin) is a type of keratin found in vertebrates. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin among vertebrates. Keratin also pro... | Biology and health sciences | Proteins | Biology |
43379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballista | Ballista | The ballista (Latin, from Greek βαλλίστρα ballistra and that from βάλλω ballō, "throw"), plural ballistae or ballistas, sometimes called bolt thrower, was an ancient missile weapon that launched either bolts or stones at a distant target.
Developed from earlier Greek weapons, it relied upon different mechanics, using ... | Technology | Artillery and siege | null |
43380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebuchet | Trebuchet | A trebuchet () is a type of catapult that uses a rotating arm with a sling attached to the tip to launch a projectile. It was a common powerful siege engine until the advent of gunpowder. The design of a trebuchet allows it to launch projectiles of greater weights and further distances than that of a traditional catapu... | Technology | Artillery | null |
43444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation | Simulation | A simulation is an imitative representation of a process or system that could exist in the real world. In this broad sense, simulation can often be used interchangeably with model. Sometimes a clear distinction between the two terms is made, in which simulations require the use of models; the model represents the key c... | Technology | General | null |
43476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations%20research | Operations research | Operations research () (U.S. Air Force Specialty Code: Operations Analysis), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a branch of applied mathematics that deals with the development and application of analytical methods to improve decision-making. Although the term management science is sometimes used similarly, the tw... | Mathematics | Other | null |
43487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability%20density%20function | Probability density function | In probability theory, a probability density function (PDF), density function, or density of an absolutely continuous random variable, is a function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelih... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
43490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill | Windmill | A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, by tradition specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but in some parts of the English-speaking world, the term has also been extended to encompass windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications. The term win... | Technology | Energy and fuel | null |
43530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schist | Schist | Schist ( ) is a medium-grained metamorphic rock showing pronounced schistosity (named for the rock). This means that the rock is composed of mineral grains easily seen with a low-power hand lens, oriented in such a way that the rock is easily split into thin flakes or plates. This texture reflects a high content of pla... | Physical sciences | Petrology | null |
43532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraninite | Uraninite | Uraninite, also known as pitchblende, is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore with a chemical composition that is largely UO2 but because of oxidation typically contains variable proportions of U3O8. Radioactive decay of the uranium causes the mineral to contain oxides of lead and trace amounts of helium. It may... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
43533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblende | Hornblende | Hornblende is a complex inosilicate series of minerals. It is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark amphibole. Hornblende minerals are common in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The general formula is .
Physical properties
Hornblende has a hardne... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
43534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt | Basalt | Basalt (; ) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. More than 90% of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt is chemic... | Physical sciences | Petrology | null |
43551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby | Ruby | Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire... | Physical sciences | Mineral gemstones | null |
43589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorite | Fluorite | Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon.
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines value 4 a... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
43590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux | Flux | Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance. Flux is a concept in applied mathematics and vector calculus which has many applications in physics. For transport phenomena, flux is a vector quantity, describing the magnitude and direction of ... | Physical sciences | Basics_6 | null |
43598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord | Fjord | In physical geography, a fjord (also spelled fiord in New Zealand English; ) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the northern and southern hemispheres. Norway's coastline is estimated to be lon... | Physical sciences | Glacial landforms | null |
43600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfish | Crayfish | Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where fresh water is running, while others t... | Biology and health sciences | Crustaceans | null |
43617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark | Shark | Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the Batoidea (rays and kin). Some ... | Biology and health sciences | Sharks | null |
43619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20white%20shark | Great white shark | The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon. The great white shark is no... | Biology and health sciences | Sharks | null |
43701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint | Flint | Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Historically, flint was widely used to make stone tools and start fires.
Flint occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as c... | Physical sciences | Sedimentary rocks | Earth science |
43709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20pressure | Radiation pressure | Radiation pressure (also known as light pressure) is mechanical pressure exerted upon a surface due to the exchange of momentum between the object and the electromagnetic field. This includes the momentum of light or electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength that is absorbed, reflected, or otherwise emitted (e.g. bl... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | Physics |
43710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon%20dioxide | Silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula , commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a syn... | Physical sciences | Ceramic compounds | Chemistry |
43717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner%27s%20dilemma | Prisoner's dilemma | The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment involving two rational agents, each of whom can either cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual gain. The dilemma arises from the fact that while defecting is rational for each agent, cooperation yields a higher payoff for ... | Mathematics | Game theory | null |
43730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20programming | Linear programming | Linear programming (LP), also called linear optimization, is a method to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements and objective are represented by linear relationships. Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as math... | Mathematics | Other | null |
43734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20packet | Network packet | In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination ne... | Technology | Networks | null |
43922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium%20botulinum | Clostridium botulinum | Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin.
C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Initially, they were grouped together by their ability to produce botulinum toxin and are now know... | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
43937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism | Parasitism | Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasi... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | null |
43945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massage | Massage | Massage is the rubbing or kneading of the body's soft tissues. Massage techniques are commonly applied with hands, fingers, elbows, knees, forearms, feet, or a device. The purpose of massage is generally for the treatment of body stress or pain. In English-speaking European countries, a person professionally trained to... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
43946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm | Biofilm | A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are... | Biology and health sciences | Basic anatomy | Biology |
43948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20formation | Star formation | Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions", collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GM... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
43950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate%20Highway%20System | Interstate Highway System | The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, or the Eisenhower Interstate System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Highway System in the United States. The system extends throughout the contiguous ... | Technology | Ground transportation networks | null |
43958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory%20glassware | Laboratory glassware | Laboratory glassware is a variety of equipment used in scientific work, traditionally made of glass. Glass may be blown, bent, cut, molded, or formed into many sizes and shapes. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories. Many laboratories have training programs to demonstrate how glassware... | Physical sciences | Research methods | Basics and measurement |
43970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorimeter | Calorimeter | A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, or the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are among the most common types. A simple c... | Technology | Measuring instruments | null |
43972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20pressure | Partial pressure | In a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
43982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing | Plumbing | Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids. Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these a... | Technology | Food, water and health | null |
44017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle | Candle | A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax, or another flammable solid substance such as tallow, that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance. A candle can also provide heat or a method of keeping time. Candles have been used for over two millennia around the world, and were a significant form of indoor light... | Technology | Energy and fuel | null |
44027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation | Permutation | In mathematics, a permutation of a set can mean one of two different things:
an arrangement of its members in a sequence or linear order, or
the act or process of changing the linear order of an ordered set.
An example of the first meaning is the six permutations (orderings) of the set {1, 2, 3}: written as tuples, ... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
44041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation | Solvation | Solvations describes the interaction of a solvent with dissolved molecules. Both ionized and uncharged molecules interact strongly with a solvent, and the strength and nature of this interaction influence many properties of the solute, including solubility, reactivity, and color, as well as influencing the properties o... | Physical sciences | Mixture | Chemistry |
44044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanography | Oceanography | Oceanography (), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.
It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; fluxe... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | null |
44057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic%20astronomy | Galactic astronomy | Galactic astronomy is the study of the Milky Way galaxy and all its contents. This is in contrast to extragalactic astronomy, which is the study of everything outside our galaxy, including all other galaxies.
Galactic astronomy should not be confused with galaxy formation and evolution, which is the general study of g... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
44058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Bang%20nucleosynthesis | Big Bang nucleosynthesis | In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, and abbreviated as BBN) is the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the universe. This type of nucleosynthesis ... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | Astronomy |
44062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20astronomy | X-ray astronomy | X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X-ray observation and detection from astronomical objects. X-radiation is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so instruments to detect X-rays must be taken to high altitude by balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites. X-ray astron... | Physical sciences | High-energy astronomy | Astronomy |
44063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extragalactic%20astronomy | Extragalactic astronomy | Extragalactic astronomy is the branch of astronomy concerned with objects outside the Milky Way galaxy. In other words, it is the study of all astronomical objects which are not covered by galactic astronomy.
The closest objects in extragalactic astronomy include the galaxies of the Local Group, which are close enough... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
44125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroscope | Gyroscope | A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gŷros, "round" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity. It is a spinning wheel or disc in which the axis of rotation (spin axis) is free to assume any orientation by itself. When rotating, the orientation of this ... | Technology | Navigation | null |
44142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20system | Metric system | The metric system is a system of measurement that standardizes a set of base units and a nomenclature for describing relatively large and small quantities via decimal-based multiplicative unit prefixes. Though the rules governing the metric system have changed over time, the modern definition, the International System ... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | null |
44158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative%20force | Conservative force | In physics, a conservative force is a force with the property that the total work done by the force in moving a particle between two points is independent of the path taken. Equivalently, if a particle travels in a closed loop, the total work done (the sum of the force acting along the path multiplied by the displacem... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | Physics |
44183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone%20depletion | Ozone depletion | Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere, and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone (the ozone layer) around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as t... | Physical sciences | Atmosphere | null |
44211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale | Shale | Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g., kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into th... | Physical sciences | Sedimentary rocks | Earth science |
44214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate | Slate | Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade, regional metamorphism. It is the finest-grained foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering, but inst... | Physical sciences | Petrology | null |
44217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menhaden | Menhaden | Menhaden, also known as mossbunker, bunker, and "the most important fish in the sea", are forage fish of the genera Brevoortia and Ethmidium, two genera of marine fish in the order Clupeiformes. Menhaden is a blend of poghaden (pogy for short) and an Algonquian word akin to Narragansett munnawhatteaûg, derived from mun... | Biology and health sciences | Clupeiformes | Animals |
44284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding%20DNA | Non-coding DNA | Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
44290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20profiling | DNA profiling | DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.
DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investi... | Technology | Diagnostic technologies | null |
44299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine | Moraine | A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders ... | Physical sciences | Glacial landforms | null |
44303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard | Leopard | The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant cat species in the genus Panthera. It has a pale yellowish to dark golden fur with dark spots grouped in rosettes. Its body is slender and muscular reaching a length of with a long tail and a shoulder height of . Males typically weigh , and females .
The leopar... | Biology and health sciences | Carnivora | null |
44305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%20test | Pap test | The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both m... | Biology and health sciences | Medical procedures | null |
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