id
stringlengths
2
8
url
stringlengths
31
117
title
stringlengths
1
71
text
stringlengths
153
118k
topic
stringclasses
4 values
section
stringlengths
4
49
sublist
stringclasses
9 values
82420
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame
Sesame
Sesame (; Sesamum indicum) is a plant in the genus Sesamum, also called benne. Numerous wild relatives occur in Africa and a smaller number in India. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods. World production in 2018 was , with Sudan, Myanm...
Biology and health sciences
Lamiales
null
82490
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyades%20%28star%20cluster%29
Hyades (star cluster)
The Hyades (; Greek Ὑάδες, also known as Caldwell 41, Collinder 50, or Melotte 25) is the nearest open cluster and one of the best-studied star clusters. Located about away from the Sun, it consists of a roughly spherical group of hundreds of stars sharing the same age, place of origin, chemical characteristics, and m...
Physical sciences
Other notable objects
null
82518
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymen
Hymen
The hymen is a thin piece of mucosal tissue that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal introitus. A small percentage are born with hymens that are imperforate and completely obstruct the vaginal canal. It forms part of the vulva and is similar in structure to the vagina. The term comes straight from the Greek, for ...
Biology and health sciences
Reproductive system
Biology
82687
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoag%27s%20Object
Hoag's Object
Hoag's Object is an unusual ring galaxy in the constellation of Serpens Caput. It is named after Arthur Hoag, who discovered it in 1950 and identified it as either a planetary nebula or a peculiar galaxy. The galaxy has a D25 isophotal diameter of . Characteristics A nearly perfect ring of young hot blue stars circles...
Physical sciences
Notable galaxies
Astronomy
82728
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20superposition
Quantum superposition
Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that states that linear combinations of solutions to the Schrödinger equation are also solutions of the Schrödinger equation. This follows from the fact that the Schrödinger equation is a linear differential equation in time and position. More precis...
Physical sciences
Quantum mechanics
Physics
82780
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab%20Nebula
Crab Nebula
The Crab Nebula (catalogue designations M1, NGC 1952, Taurus A) is a supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula in the constellation of Taurus. The common name comes from a drawing that somewhat resembled a crab with arms produced by William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, in 1842 or 1843 using a telescope. The nebula was d...
Physical sciences
Notable nebulae
null
82804
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent%20evolution
Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is ho...
Biology and health sciences
Basics_4
Biology
82867
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine
Clementine
A clementine (Citrus × clementina) is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (C. × deliciosa) and a sweet orange (C. × sinensis), named in honor of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a ...
Biology and health sciences
Citrus fruits
Plants
82871
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20model
Data model
A data model is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world entities. For instance, a data model may specify that the data element representing a car be composed of a number of other elements which, in turn, represent the color an...
Mathematics
Data structures and types
null
82916
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear
Gear
A gear or gearwheel is a rotating machine part typically used to transmit rotational motion and/or torque by means of a series of teeth that engage with compatible teeth of another gear or other part. The teeth can be integral saliences or cavities machined on the part, or separate pegs inserted into it. In the latte...
Technology
Components_2
null
82926
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor
Floor
A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. Floors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many layered surfaces made with modern technology. Floors may be stone, wood, bamboo, metal or any other material that can support the expected load. The levels of a building are often referred to as floors, although sometime...
Technology
Architectural elements
null
82933
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform
Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE. Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th ce...
Physical sciences
Halocarbons
Chemistry
82940
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossicles
Ossicles
The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are three irregular bones in the middle ear of humans and other mammals, and are among the smallest bones in the human body. Although the term "ossicle" literally means "tiny bone" (from Latin ossiculum) and may refer to any small bone throughout the body, it typically refer...
Biology and health sciences
Sensory nervous system
Biology
82961
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20astronomy
Radio astronomy
Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. The first detection of radio waves from an astronomical object was in 1933, when Karl Jansky at Bell Telephone Laboratories reported radiation coming from the Milky Way. Subsequent observations have identified a number of di...
Physical sciences
Radio astronomy
Astronomy
82974
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic%20stress%20disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being. Symptoms may in...
Biology and health sciences
Mental disorder
null
83124
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20dwarf
Black dwarf
A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently to no longer emit significant heat or light. Because the time required for a white dwarf to reach this state is calculated to be longer than the current age of the universe (13.8 billion years), no black dwarfs are e...
Physical sciences
Stellar astronomy
Astronomy
83137
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software-defined%20radio
Software-defined radio
Software-defined radio (SDR) is a radio communication system where components that conventionally have been implemented in analog hardware (e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators, detectors, etc.) are instead implemented by means of software on a computer or embedded system. While the concept of SDR ...
Technology
Broadcasting
null
11383147
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room
Room
In a building or a ship, a room is any enclosed space within a number of walls to which entry is possible only via a door or other dividing structure. The entrance connects it to either a passageway, another room, or the outdoors. The space is typically large enough for several people to move about. The size, fixtures,...
Technology
Architectural elements
null
9940234
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato
Tomato
The tomato (, ), Solanum lycopersicum, is a plant whose fruit is an edible berry that is eaten as a vegetable. The tomato is a member of the nightshade family that includes tobacco, potato, and chili peppers. It originated from and was domesticated in western South America. It was introduced to the Old World by the Spa...
Biology and health sciences
Solanales
null
19006979
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%20%28computer%29
Mac (computer)
Mac is a family of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple since 1984. The name is short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), a reference to a type of apple called McIntosh. The current product lineup includes the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops, and the iMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro de...
Technology
Computer hardware
null
19008673
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conic%20section
Conic section
A conic section, conic or a quadratic curve is a curve obtained from a cone's surface intersecting a plane. The three types of conic section are the hyperbola, the parabola, and the ellipse; the circle is a special case of the ellipse, though it was sometimes considered a fourth type. The ancient Greek mathematicians s...
Mathematics
Geometry
null
3261205
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landspout
Landspout
Landspout is a term created by atmospheric scientist Howard B. Bluestein in 1985 for a tornado not associated with a mesocyclone. The Glossary of Meteorology defines a landspout: "Colloquial expression describing tornadoes occurring with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the b...
Physical sciences
Storms
Earth science
3263679
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgeneration
Microgeneration
Microgeneration is the small-scale production of heat or electric power from a "low carbon source," as an alternative or supplement to traditional centralized grid-connected power. Microgeneration technologies include small-scale wind turbines, micro hydro, solar PV systems, microbial fuel cells, ground source heat pu...
Technology
Power generation
null
3263946
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamphen
Swamphen
Porphyrio is the swamphen or swamp hen bird genus in the rail family. It includes some smaller species of gallinules which are sometimes separated as genus Porphyrula or united with the gallinules proper (or "moorhens") in Gallinula. The Porphyrio gallinules are distributed in the warmer regions of the world. The group...
Biology and health sciences
Gruiformes
Animals
3264579
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial%20mass%20function
Initial mass function
In astronomy, the initial mass function (IMF) is an empirical function that describes the initial distribution of masses for a population of stars during star formation. IMF not only describes the formation and evolution of individual stars, it also serves as an important link that describes the formation and evolution...
Physical sciences
Stellar astronomy
Astronomy
4428626
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyniophyte
Rhyniophyte
The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus Rhynia, found in the Early Devonian (around ). Sources vary in the name and rank used for this group, some treating it as the class Rhyniopsida, others as the subdivision Rhyniophytina or the division Rhyniophyt...
Biology and health sciences
Pteridophytes
Plants
4432524
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne%20disease
Waterborne disease
Waterborne diseases are conditions (meaning adverse effects on human health, such as death, disability, illness or disorders) caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted by water. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. They are...
Biology and health sciences
Concepts
Health
7682300
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothofagus%20fusca
Nothofagus fusca
Nothofagus fusca, commonly known as red beech (Māori: tawhai raunui) is a species of southern beech, endemic to New Zealand, occurring on both the North and South Island. It is generally found on lower hills and inland valley floors where soil is fertile and well drained. In New Zealand the species is called Fuscospora...
Biology and health sciences
Fagales
Plants
7685074
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachalaca
Chachalaca
Chachalacas are galliform birds from the genus Ortalis. These birds are found in wooded habitats in the far southern United States (Texas), Mexico, and Central and South America. They are social, can be very noisy and often remain fairly common even near humans, as their relatively small size makes them less desirable ...
Biology and health sciences
Galliformes
Animals
674489
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-till%20farming
No-till farming
No-till farming (also known as zero tillage or direct drilling) is an agricultural technique for growing crops or pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till farming decreases the amount of soil erosion tillage causes in certain soils, especially in sandy and dry soils on sloping terrain. Other possibl...
Technology
Soil and soil management
null
674776
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic%20floor
Pelvic floor
The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is an anatomical location in the human body, which has an important role in urinary and anal continence, sexual function and support of the pelvic organs. The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments and fascia. and separates between the pelvic cavity from ...
Biology and health sciences
Human anatomy
Health
675130
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20physics
Molecular physics
Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules and molecular dynamics. The field overlaps significantly with physical chemistry, chemical physics, and quantum chemistry. It is often considered as a sub-field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Research groups studying molecular physics ar...
Physical sciences
Molecular physics
Physics
675231
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20graph
Line graph
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, the line graph of an undirected graph is another graph that represents the adjacencies between edges of . is constructed in the following way: for each edge in , make a vertex in ; for every two edges in that have a vertex in common, make an edge between their corr...
Mathematics
Graph theory
null
676328
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20homomorphism
Graph homomorphism
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a graph homomorphism is a mapping between two graphs that respects their structure. More concretely, it is a function between the vertex sets of two graphs that maps adjacent vertices to adjacent vertices. Homomorphisms generalize various notions of graph colorings and allow ...
Mathematics
Graph theory
null
676393
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock
Dock
The word dock () in American English refers to one or a group of human-made structures that are involved in the handling of boats or ships (usually on or near a shore). In British English, the term is not used the same way as in American English; it is used to mean the area of water that is next to or around a wharf or...
Technology
Coastal infrastructure
null
676502
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue%20wave
Rogue wave
Rogue waves (also known as freak waves or killer waves) are large and unpredictable surface waves that can be extremely dangerous to ships and isolated structures such as lighthouses. They are distinct from tsunamis, which are long wavelength waves, often almost unnoticeable in deep waters and are caused by the displac...
Physical sciences
Oceanography
Earth science
676555
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20tourer
Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed and long-distance driving with performance and luxury. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Som...
Technology
Motorized road transport
null
677191
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20%28mathematics%29
Differential (mathematics)
In mathematics, differential refers to several related notions derived from the early days of calculus, put on a rigorous footing, such as infinitesimal differences and the derivatives of functions. The term is used in various branches of mathematics such as calculus, differential geometry, algebraic geometry and alge...
Mathematics
Basics_2
null
12354211
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn%20harvester
Corn harvester
A corn harvester is a machine used on farms to harvest corn, stripping the stalks about one foot from the ground shooting the stalks through the header to the ground. The corn is stripped from its stalk and then moves through the header to the intake conveyor belt. From there it goes up the conveying system through a f...
Technology
Farm and garden machinery
null
2380869
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrite%20%28magnet%29
Ferrite (magnet)
A ferrite is one of a family of iron oxide-containing magnetic ceramic materials. They are ferrimagnetic, meaning they are attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets. Unlike many ferromagnetic materials, most ferrites are not electrically conductive, making them useful in applicati...
Physical sciences
Ceramic compounds
Chemistry
2381321
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot%20%28pellet%29
Shot (pellet)
Shot is a collective term for small spheres or pellets, often made of lead. These have been projected from slings since ancient times and were the original projectiles for shotguns and are still fired primarily from shotguns and grenade launchers, while they are less commonly used in riot guns. Shot shells are also ava...
Technology
Ammunition
null
19009006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur
Fur
Fur is a thick growth of hair that covers the skin of almost all mammals. It consists of a combination of oily guard hair on top and thick underfur beneath. The guard hair keeps moisture from reaching the skin; the underfur acts as an insulating blanket that keeps the animal warm. The fur of mammals has many uses: pro...
Biology and health sciences
Integumentary system
null
19009110
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain
Rain
Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides water for hydroelectric power plants, crop irrigation, and suitable conditions for many ty...
Physical sciences
Earth science
null
19013767
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20diagnosis
Medical diagnosis
Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx, Dx, or Ds) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs. It is most often referred to as a diagnosis with the medical context being implicit. The information required for a diagnosis is typically collected from a history and physical ...
Biology and health sciences
Medical procedures
null
9949565
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20microbiology
Medical microbiology
Medical microbiology, the large subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine, is a branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, this field of science studies various clinical applications of microbes for the improvement of health. There are ...
Biology and health sciences
Fields of medicine
Health
9951602
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%20mass
Earth mass
An Earth mass (denoted as M🜨, M♁ or ME, where 🜨 and ♁ are the astronomical symbols for Earth), is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Earth. The current best estimate for the mass of Earth is , with a relative uncertainty of 10−4. It is equivalent to an average density of . Using the nearest metric prefix,...
Physical sciences
Mass and weight
Basics and measurement
9958966
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgun
Handgun
A handgun is a firearm designed to be usable with only one hand. It is distinguished from a long barreled gun (i.e., carbine, rifle, shotgun, submachine gun, or machine gun) which typically is intended to be held by both hands and braced against the shoulder. Handguns have shorter effective ranges compared to long guns...
Technology
Projectile weapons
null
9959000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistol
Pistol
A pistol is a type of handgun, characterised by a barrel with an integral chamber. The word "pistol" derives from the Middle French pistolet (), meaning a small gun or knife, and first appeared in the English language when early handguns were produced in Europe. In colloquial usage, the word "pistol" is often used as ...
Technology
Firearms
null
12356743
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bite%20angle
Bite angle
In coordination chemistry, the bite angle is the angle on a central atom between two bonds to a bidentate ligand. This ligand–metal–ligand geometric parameter is used to classify chelating ligands, including those in organometallic complexes. It is most often discussed in terms of catalysis, as changes in bite angle ca...
Physical sciences
Bond structure
Chemistry
204658
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupe
Coupe
A coupe or coupé (, ) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors. The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of , "cut". Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some...
Technology
Motorized road transport
null
204680
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-momentum
Four-momentum
In special relativity, four-momentum (also called momentum–energy or momenergy) is the generalization of the classical three-dimensional momentum to four-dimensional spacetime. Momentum is a vector in three dimensions; similarly four-momentum is a four-vector in spacetime. The contravariant four-momentum of a particle...
Physical sciences
Theory of relativity
Physics
204682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20%28geometry%29
Translation (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. In a Euclidean s...
Mathematics
Geometry: General
null
204762
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporization
Vaporization
Vaporization (or vapo(u)risation) of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor. There are two types of vaporization: evaporation and boiling. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon, whereas boiling is a bulk phenomenon (a phenomenon in which the whole object or substance is involved in th...
Physical sciences
Phase transitions
Physics
204924
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone-curlew
Stone-curlew
The stone-curlews, also known as dikkops or thick-knees, consist of 10 species within the family Burhinidae, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world, with two or more species occurring in some areas of Africa, Asia, and Australia. Despite the group being classified as waders, most species...
Biology and health sciences
Charadriiformes
Animals
204967
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regolith
Regolith
Regolith () is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons. Etymology The term regolith combines two Greek words: ...
Physical sciences
Sedimentology
Earth science
204994
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisteria
Wisteria
Wisteria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae). The genus includes four species of woody twining vines that are native to China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, southern Canada, the Eastern United States, and north of Iran. They were later introduced to France, Germany and various other cou...
Biology and health sciences
Fabales
Plants
204996
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla%20oblongata
Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum. It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions, ranging from vomiting to sneezing. The medulla contains the ...
Biology and health sciences
Nervous system
Biology
205012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerage
Sewerage
Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer. Sewerage ends at the e...
Technology
Food, water and health
null
205140
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpiper
Sandpiper
Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds, or waders, which mainly includes many species known as sandpipers, but also others such as woodcocks, curlews and snipes. Most of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habi...
Biology and health sciences
Charadriiformes
null
205156
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgeusia
Dysgeusia
Dysgeusia, also known as parageusia, is a distortion of the sense of taste. Dysgeusia is also often associated with ageusia, which is the complete lack of taste, and hypogeusia, which is a decrease in taste sensitivity. An alteration in taste or smell may be a secondary process in various disease states, or it may be t...
Biology and health sciences
Symptoms and signs
Health
205264
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20medicine
Internal medicine
Internal medicine, also known as general medicine in Commonwealth nations, is a medical specialty for medical doctors focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases in adults. Medical practitioners of internal medicine are referred to as internists, or physicians in Commonwealth nations. Inter...
Biology and health sciences
Fields of medicine
Health
205326
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kookaburra
Kookaburra
Kookaburras (pronounced ) are terrestrial tree kingfishers of the genus Dacelo native to Australia and New Guinea, which grow to between in length and weigh around . The name is a loanword from Wiradjuri guuguubarra, onomatopoeic of its call. The loud, distinctive call of the laughing kookaburra is widely used as a st...
Biology and health sciences
Coraciiformes
Animals
205372
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamerkop
Hamerkop
The hamerkop (Scopus umbretta) is a medium-sized wading bird. It is the only living species in the genus Scopus and the family Scopidae. The species and family was long thought to sit with the Ciconiiformes but is now placed with the Pelecaniformes, and its closest relatives are thought to be the pelicans and the shoe...
Biology and health sciences
Pelecanimorphae
Animals
205406
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgram
Microgram
In the metric system, a microgram or microgramme is a unit of mass equal to one millionth () of a gram. The unit symbol is μg according to the International System of Units (SI); the recommended symbol in the United States and United Kingdom when communicating medical information is mcg. In μg, the prefix symbol for m...
Physical sciences
Mass and weight
Basics and measurement
205592
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway%20engineering
Highway engineering
Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and ...
Technology
Disciplines
null
205624
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal%20gene%20transfer
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). HGT is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms. HGT is influencing scientific understanding of h...
Biology and health sciences
Genetics
Biology
205710
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achernar
Achernar
Achernar is the brightest star in the constellation of Eridanus and the ninth-brightest in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation Alpha Eridani, which is Latinized from α Eridani and abbreviated Alpha Eri or α Eri. The name Achernar applies to the primary component of a binary system. The two components are design...
Physical sciences
Notable stars
Astronomy
205716
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretarybird
Secretarybird
The secretarybird or secretary bird (Sagittarius serpentarius) is a large bird of prey that is endemic to Africa. It is mostly terrestrial, spending most of its time on the ground, and is usually found in the open grasslands and savanna of the sub-Saharan region. John Frederick Miller described the species in 1779. A m...
Biology and health sciences
Accipitriformes and Falconiformes
null
205718
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimosa%20%28star%29
Mimosa (star)
Mimosa is the second-brightest object in the southern constellation of Crux (after Acrux), and the 20th-brightest star in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation β Crucis, which is Latinised to Beta Crucis and abbreviated Beta Cru or β Cru. Mimosa forms part of the prominent asterism called the Southern Cross. It i...
Physical sciences
Notable stars
Astronomy
205719
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20Centauri
Beta Centauri
Beta Centauri is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is officially called Hadar (). The Bayer designation of Beta Centauri is Latinised from β Centauri, and abbreviated Beta Cen or β Cen. The system's combined apparent visual magnitude of 0.61 makes it the second-brightest object in Cent...
Physical sciences
Notable stars
Astronomy
205721
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulus
Regulus
Regulus is the brightest object in the constellation Leo and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation designated α Leonis, which is Latinized to Alpha Leonis, and abbreviated Alpha Leo or α Leo. Regulus appears singular, but is actually a quadruple star system composed of four stars tha...
Physical sciences
Notable stars
Astronomy
205742
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucophyte
Glaucophyte
The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of unicellular algae found in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments, less common today than they were during the Proterozoic. The stated number of species in the group varies from about 14 to 26. Together with the red algae (R...
Biology and health sciences
Bikonts
Plants
206018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather%20station
Weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and preci...
Physical sciences
Meteorology: General
Earth science
206064
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20der%20Waals%20equation
Van der Waals equation
The van der Waals equation is a mathematical formula that describes the behavior of real gases. It is named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals. It is an equation of state that relates the pressure, temperature, and molar volume in a fluid. However, it can be written in terms of other, equivalent, prop...
Physical sciences
Thermodynamics
Physics
206115
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild%20radius
Schwarzschild radius
The Schwarzschild radius or the gravitational radius is a physical parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is a characteristic radius associated with any quantity of mass. The Schwarzschild radius w...
Physical sciences
Basics_2
Astronomy
206119
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night
Night
Night, or nighttime, is the period of darkness when the Sun is below the horizon. The opposite of nighttime is daytime. Sunlight illuminates one side of the Earth, leaving the other in darkness. Earth's rotation causes the appearance of sunrise and sunset. Moonlight, airglow, starlight, and light pollution dimly illumi...
Physical sciences
Celestial mechanics
null
206122
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Crunch
Big Crunch
The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach absolute zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with anothe...
Physical sciences
Physical cosmology
Astronomy
206230
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coonhound
Coonhound
A coonhound, colloquially a coon dog, is a type of scenthound, a member of the hound group. They are an American type of hunting dog developed for the hunting of raccoons and also for feral pigs, bobcats, cougars, and bears. There are six distinct breeds of coonhound. History In the colonial period, hounds were import...
Biology and health sciences
Dogs
Animals
206242
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20%28mechanical%20device%29
Differential (mechanical device)
A differential is a gear train with three drive shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others. A common use of differentials is in motor vehicles, to allow the wheels at each end of a drive axle to rotate at different speeds while cornering. Other uses in...
Technology
Mechanisms
null
206410
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20%28bird%29
Rail (bird)
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the crakes, coots, and gallinule; other rail species are extremely rare or endangered. Many ...
Biology and health sciences
Gruiformes
null
206491
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bustard
Bustard
Bustards, including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and in steppe regions. They range in length from . They make up the family Otididae (, formerly known as Otidae). Bustards are omnivorous and opportunistic, eating leaves, buds, seeds, fruit, small vertebrates...
Biology and health sciences
Gruiformes
null
206520
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic%20flow
Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of but is capable of reaching speeds up to . The gases and tephra can reach te...
Physical sciences
Volcanology
Earth science
206542
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical%20object
Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body or celestial body is a single, t...
Physical sciences
Basics_2
null
206555
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20cycle
Solar cycle
The Solar cycle, also known as the solar magnetic activity cycle, sunspot cycle, or Schwabe cycle, is a periodic 11-year change in the Sun's activity measured in terms of variations in the number of observed sunspots on the Sun's surface. Over the period of a solar cycle, levels of solar radiation and ejection of solar...
Physical sciences
Solar System
Astronomy
206586
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological%20convergence
Technological convergence
Technological convergence is the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop and advance. For example, watches, telephones, television, computers, and social media platforms began as separate and mostly unrelated technologies, but have conv...
Technology
General
null
206897
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic%20plate
Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a capture medium in photography. The light-sensitive emulsion of silver salts was coated on a glass plate, typically thinner than common window glass. They were heavily used in the late 19th century. With the spread of photographic film, the use of plates declined throu...
Technology
Photography
null
206919
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyfert%20galaxy
Seyfert galaxy
Seyfert galaxies are one of the two largest groups of active galaxies, along with quasar host galaxies. They have quasar-like nuclei (very luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation that are outside of our own galaxy) with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, bu...
Physical sciences
Active galactic nucleus
null
206940
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20storm
Ice storm
An ice storm, also known as a glaze event or a silver storm, is a type of winter storm characterized by freezing rain. The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least of ice on exposed surfaces. They are generally not violent storms but instead are commo...
Physical sciences
Storms
Earth science
206947
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%20II%20region
H II region
An H II region or HII region is a region of interstellar atomic hydrogen that is ionized. It is typically in a molecular cloud of partially ionized gas in which star formation has recently taken place, with a size ranging from one to hundreds of light years, and density from a few to about a million particles per cubic...
Physical sciences
Basics_3
null
206953
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandgrouse
Sandgrouse
Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as Syrrhaptes and the other fourteen species, from Africa and Asia, are placed in the genus Pterocles. They...
Biology and health sciences
Columbimorphae
Animals
206964
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homing%20pigeon
Homing pigeon
The homing pigeon is a variety of domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica), selectively bred for its ability to find its way home over extremely long distances. Because of this skill, homing pigeons were used to carry messages, a practice referred to as "pigeon post". Until the introduction of telephones, they were us...
Biology and health sciences
Pigeons
Animals
206979
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal%20cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool, a change in bowel movements, weight loss, abdominal pain and fatigue. Most colorectal cancers are ...
Biology and health sciences
Cancer
null
207036
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copepod
Copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial ...
Biology and health sciences
Crustaceans
Animals
207040
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20aid%20kit
First aid kit
A first aid kit or medical kit is a collection of supplies and equipment used to give immediate medical treatment, primarily to treat injuries and other mild or moderate medical conditions. There is a wide variation in the contents of first aid kits based on the knowledge and experience of those putting it together, th...
Biology and health sciences
General concepts
Health
207249
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckoo
Cuckoo
Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separated as distinct families, the Centropodidae and Crotophagidae, respectiv...
Biology and health sciences
Cuculiformes
null
207277
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20cuckoo
Common cuckoo
The cuckoo, common cuckoo, European cuckoo or Eurasian cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals. This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. It is a brood parasite, which means it...
Biology and health sciences
Cuculiformes and relatives
Animals
207336
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary%20gland
Salivary gland
The salivary glands in many vertebrates including mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual), as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. Salivary glands can be classified as serous, mucous, or sero...
Biology and health sciences
Gastrointestinal tract
Biology
207397
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20straggler
Blue straggler
A blue straggler is a type of star that is more luminous and bluer than expected. Typically identified in a stellar cluster, they have a higher effective temperature than the main sequence turnoff point for the cluster, where ordinary stars begin to evolve towards the red giant branch. Blue stragglers were first disco...
Physical sciences
Stellar astronomy
Astronomy
19019270
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually%20transmitted%20infection
Sexually transmitted infection
A sexually transmitted infection (STI), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the older term venereal disease (VD), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, or sometimes manual sex. STIs often do not initially cause symptoms, which res...
Biology and health sciences
Illness and injury
null
1705831
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s%20crust
Earth's crust
Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates whose motion ...
Physical sciences
Geology: General
Earth science