id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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210892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox | Firefox | Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards. Firefox is available for Windows 10 and later versio... | Technology | Browsers | null |
210900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20luminosity | Solar luminosity | The solar luminosity () is a unit of radiant flux (power emitted in the form of photons) conventionally used by astronomers to measure the luminosity of stars, galaxies and other celestial objects in terms of the output of the Sun.
One nominal solar luminosity is defined by the International Astronomical Union to be .... | Physical sciences | Power | Basics and measurement |
211168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20galaxy | Radio galaxy | A radio galaxy is a galaxy with giant regions of radio emission extending well beyond its visible structure. These energetic radio lobes are powered by jets from its active galactic nucleus. They have luminosities up to 1039 W at radio wavelengths between 10 MHz and 100 GHz. The radio emission is due to the synchrotron... | Physical sciences | Active galactic nucleus | null |
211280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahi-mahi | Mahi-mahi | The mahi-mahi ( ) or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. It is also widely called dorado (not to be confused with Salminus brasiliensis, a freshwater fish) and dolphin (not to be confused with the aquati... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
211285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill | Landfill | A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials. It is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal, although the systematic burial of waste with daily, intermediate and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past, waste was simply left in piles or thrown into pits (known in archeology as middens).
... | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
211324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turaco | Turaco | The turacos make up the bird family Musophagidae ( "banana-eaters"), which includes plantain-eaters and go-away-birds. In southern Africa both turacos and go-away-birds are commonly known as loeries. They are semi-zygodactylous: the fourth (outer) toe can be switched back and forth. The second and third toes, which al... | Biology and health sciences | Cuculiformes | null |
211386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapula | Scapula | The scapula (: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives fr... | Biology and health sciences | Skeletal system | Biology |
211397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toe | Toe | Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being digitigrade. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being plantigrade; unguligrade animals are those that walk on hooves at the tips of their toes.
Structu... | Biology and health sciences | Human anatomy | Health |
211411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroptera | Heteroptera | The Heteroptera are a group of about 40,000 species of insects in the order Hemiptera. They are sometimes called "true bugs", though that name more commonly refers to the Hemiptera as a whole. "Typical bugs" might be used as a more unequivocal alternative, since the heteropterans are most consistently and universally t... | Biology and health sciences | Hemiptera (true bugs) | Animals |
211426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathostomata | Gnathostomata | Gnathostomata (; from Ancient Greek: () 'jaw' + () 'mouth') are the jawed vertebrates. Gnathostome diversity comprises roughly 60,000 species, which accounts for 99% of all living vertebrates, including humans. Most gnathostomes have retained ancestral traits like true teeth, a stomach, and paired appendages (pectora... | Biology and health sciences | Vertebrates, general classification | null |
211475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20World%20oriole | Old World oriole | The Old World orioles (Oriolidae) are an Old World family of passerine birds. The family contains 41 species which are divided in 4 genera. The family includes two extinct species from New Zealand that are placed in the genus Turnagra.
Taxonomy and systematics
The family Oriolidae comprises the piopios, figbirds, pito... | Biology and health sciences | Passerida | Animals |
211505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepal | Sepal | A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom.
Etymology
The term sepalum was coined by Noël Martin Joseph de Necker in 1790, and derived .
Collectively, the sepals ... | Biology and health sciences | Plant anatomy and morphology: General | Biology |
211517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulpecula | Vulpecula | Vulpecula is a faint constellation in the northern sky. Its name is Latin for "little fox", although it is commonly known simply as the fox. It was identified in the seventeenth century, and is located in the middle of the Summer Triangle (an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair).
Features
... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable%20theory | Hidden-variable theory | In physics, a hidden-variable theory is a deterministic physical model which seeks to explain the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics by introducing additional (possibly inaccessible) variables.
Indeterminacy of the state of a system previous to measurement is assumed to be a part of the mathematical formulation... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
211647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardia%20duodenalis | Giardia duodenalis | Giardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia, is a flagellated parasitic protozoan microorganism of the genus Giardia that colonizes the small intestine, causing a diarrheal condition known as giardiasis. The parasite attaches to the intestinal epithelium by a ventral disc (syn. adhesive d... | Biology and health sciences | Excavata | Plants |
211724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxy | Epoxy | Epoxy is the family of basic components or cured end products of epoxy resins. Epoxy resins, also known as polyepoxides, are a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups. The epoxide functional group is also collectively called epoxy. The IUPAC name for an epoxide group is an oxirane.
Epo... | Physical sciences | Polymers | Chemistry |
211761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoose | Mongoose | A mongoose is a small terrestrial carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Herpestidae. This family has two subfamilies, the Herpestinae and the Mungotinae. The Herpestinae comprises 23 living species that are native to southern Europe, Africa and Asia, whereas the Mungotinae comprises 11 species native to Africa.
Th... | Biology and health sciences | Carnivora | null |
211816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circinus | Circinus | Circinus is a small, faint constellation in the southern sky, first defined in 1756 by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille. Its name is Latin for compass, referring to the drafting tool used for drawing circles (it should not be confused with Pyxis, a constellation that represents a mariner's compass which ... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volans | Volans | Volans is a constellation in the southern sky. It represents a flying fish; its name is a shortened form of its original name, Piscis Volans. Volans was one of twelve constellations created by Petrus Plancius from the observations of Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman and it first appeared on a 35-cm (14"... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulum | Reticulum | Reticulum is a small, faint constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for a small net, or reticle—a net of crosshairs at the focus of a telescope eyepiece that is used to measure star positions. The constellation is best viewed between October and December, and save for one main star visible in ideal conditi... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictor | Pictor | Pictor is a constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere, located between the star Canopus and the Large Magellanic Cloud. Its name is Latin for painter, and is an abbreviation of the older name Equuleus Pictoris (the "painter's easel"). Normally represented as an easel, Pictor was named by Abbé Nicolas-Louis de ... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacerta | Lacerta | Lacerta is one of the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union. Its name is Latin for lizard. A small, faint constellation, it was defined in 1687 by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius. Its brightest stars form a "W" shape similar to that of Cassiopeia, and it is thus sometimes referred to... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musca | Musca | is a small constellation in the deep southern sky. It was one of 12 constellations created by Petrus Plancius from the observations of Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, and it first appeared on a celestial globe in diameter published in 1597 (or 1598) in Amsterdam by Plancius and Jodocus Hondius. The f... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Minor | Leo Minor | Leo Minor is a small and faint constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for "the smaller lion", in contrast to Leo, the larger lion. It lies between the larger and more recognizable Ursa Major to the north and Leo to the south. Leo Minor was not regarded as a separate constellation by class... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columba%20%28constellation%29 | Columba (constellation) | Columba is a faint constellation designated in the late sixteenth century, remaining in official use, with its rigid limits set in the 20th century. Its name is Latin for dove. It takes up 1.31% of the southern celestial hemisphere and is just south of Canis Major and Lepus.
History
Early 3rd century BC: Aratus's as... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horologium%20%28constellation%29 | Horologium (constellation) | Horologium (Latin , the pendulum clock, from Greek , ) is a constellation of six stars faintly visible in the southern celestial hemisphere. It was first described by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in 1756 and visualized by him as a clock with a pendulum and a second hand. In 1922 the constellation was... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus%20%28constellation%29 | Indus (constellation) | Indus is a constellation in the southern sky first professionally surveyed by Europeans in the 1590s and mapped on a globe by Petrus Plancius by early 1598. It was included on a plate illustrating southern constellations in Bayer's sky atlas Uranometria in 1603. It lies well south of the Tropic of Capricorn but its tr... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
211857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana%20slug | Banana slug | Banana slugs (Ariolimax) are a genus of air-breathing, terrestrial gastropod slugs in the family Ariolimacidae. Their often yellow color and elongated shape can resemble a banana, thus giving rise to their common name.
Species
Species within the genus Ariolimax include:
Synonyms:
Ariolimax andersonii J. G. Cooper, ... | Biology and health sciences | Gastropods | Animals |
211922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse%20%28physics%29 | Impulse (physics) | In classical mechanics, impulse (symbolized by or Imp) is the change in momentum of an object. If the initial momentum of an object is , and a subsequent momentum is , the object has received an impulse :
Momentum is a vector quantity, so impulse is also a vector quantity:
Newton’s second law of motion states that ... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
211941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%20cell | B cell | B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system. B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted or inserted into the plasma membrane where they serve as a part of B-cell recepto... | Biology and health sciences | Immune system | Biology |
211955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20killer%20cell | Natural killer cell | Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells, are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. They are a kind of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and belong to the rapidly expanding family of known innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and represent 5–20% of all circulating lymphocytes in humans. The ro... | Biology and health sciences | Immune system | Biology |
212094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistics | Ballistics | Ballistics is the field of mechanics concerned with the launching, flight behaviour and impact effects of projectiles, especially weapon munitions such as bullets, unguided bombs, rockets and the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.
A ballistic body... | Physical sciences | Basics_10 | null |
212101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse%20sky%20radiation | Diffuse sky radiation | Diffuse sky radiation is solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates in the atmosphere. It is also called sky radiation, the determinative process for changing the colors of the sky. Approximately 23% of direct incident radiation of t... | Physical sciences | Atmospheric optics | Earth science |
212141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20station | Power station | A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid.
Many power stations contain one or more generators, rotating machine that converts mecha... | Technology | Electricity generation and distribution | null |
212146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinkling | Twinkling | Twinkling, also called scintillation, is a generic term for variations in apparent brightness, colour, or position of a distant luminous object viewed through a medium. If the object lies outside the Earth's atmosphere, as in the case of stars and planets, the phenomenon is termed astronomical scintillation; for object... | Physical sciences | Basics | Astronomy |
212193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation | Coagulation | Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The process of coagulation involves activation, adhesion and aggregation of platelets, as well as depo... | Biology and health sciences | Basics | Biology |
212240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20plasma | Blood plasma | Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It... | Biology and health sciences | Circulatory system | Biology |
212250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy | Homotopy | In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from "same, similar" and "place") if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (, ; , ) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homo... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
212253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20power%20distribution | Electric power distribution | Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity. Electricity is carried from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between and with the use of transformers.... | Technology | Electricity generation and distribution | null |
212330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lye | Lye | Lye is a hydroxide, either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The word lye most accurately refers to sodium hydroxide (NaOH), but historically has been conflated to include other alkali materials, most notably potassium hydroxide (KOH). In order to distinguish between the two, sodium hydroxide may be referred to ... | Physical sciences | Specific bases | Chemistry |
212374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebular%20hypothesis | Nebular hypothesis | The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests the Solar System is formed from gas and dust orbiting the Sun which clumped up together to form the planets. The theory was deve... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | null |
212490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic%20particle | Subatomic particle | In physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a composite particle, which is composed of other particles (for example, a baryon, like a proton or a neutron, composed of three quarks; or a meson, composed of tw... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
212523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus%20%28constellation%29 | Pegasus (constellation) | Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today.
With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star i... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
212598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor-planet%20moon | Minor-planet moon | A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. , there are 457 minor planets known or suspected to have moons. Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and... | Physical sciences | Planetary science | Astronomy |
212698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quackery | Quackery | Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or s... | Biology and health sciences | Alternative and traditional medicine | null |
212764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminous%20supernova | Superluminous supernova | A super-luminous supernova (SLSN, plural super luminous supernovae or SLSNe) is a type of stellar explosion with a luminosity 10 or more times higher than that of standard supernovae. Like supernovae, SLSNe seem to be produced by several mechanisms, which is readily revealed by their light-curves and spectra. There are... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
212786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose | Maltose | Maltose ( or ), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. ... | Biology and health sciences | Carbohydrates | Biology |
212855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20card | Memory card | A memory card is an electronic data storage device used for storing digital information, typically using flash memory. These are commonly used in digital portable electronic devices, such as digital cameras as well as in many early games consoles such as the Nintendo Wii. They allow adding memory to such devices using ... | Technology | Data storage | null |
212980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20operations | Order of operations | In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression.
These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedenc... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
212989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20jackdaw | Western jackdaw | The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula), also known as the Eurasian jackdaw, the European jackdaw, or simply the jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family. Found across Europe, western Asia and western North Africa; it is mostly resident, although northern and eastern populations migrate south in the winter. Four ... | Biology and health sciences | Corvoidea | Animals |
213073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20crow | House crow | The house crow (Corvus splendens), also known as the Indian, greynecked, Ceylon or Colombo crow, is a common bird of the crow family that is of Asian origin but now found in many parts of the world, where they arrived assisted by shipping. It is between the jackdaw and the carrion crow in size ( in length) but is slimm... | Biology and health sciences | Corvoidea | Animals |
213108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20crow | American crow | The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) is a large passerine bird species of the family Corvidae. It is a common bird found throughout much of North America. American crows are the New World counterpart to the carrion crow and the hooded crow of Eurasia; they all occupy the same ecological niche. Although the America... | Biology and health sciences | Corvoidea | Animals |
213403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula | Primula | Primula () is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. They include the primrose (P. vulgaris), a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Other common species are P. auricula (auricula), P. veris (cowslip), and P. elatior (oxlip). These species and many others are valued for their ornamental f... | Biology and health sciences | Ericales | Plants |
213407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay | Jay | A jay is a member of a number of species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy, passerine birds in the crow family, Corvidae. The evolutionary relationships between the jays and the magpies are rather complex. For example, the Eurasian magpie seems more closely related to the Eurasian jay than to the East Asian ... | Biology and health sciences | Corvoidea | Animals |
213429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accentor | Accentor | The accentors are a genus of birds in the family Prunellidae, which is endemic to the Old World. This small group of closely related passerines are all in the genus Prunella. All but the dunnock and the Japanese accentor are inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia; these two also occur in lowland area... | Biology and health sciences | Passerida | Animals |
213454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvus%20%28constellation%29 | Corvus (constellation) | Corvus is a small constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere. Its name means "crow" in Latin. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, it depicts a raven, a bird associated with stories about the god Apollo, perched on the back of Hydra the water snake. The four brightest stars... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
213468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra%20%28constellation%29 | Hydra (constellation) | Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented ... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
7750391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision%20frequency | Collision frequency | Collision frequency describes the rate of collisions between two atomic or molecular species in a given volume, per unit time. In an ideal gas, assuming that the species behave like hard spheres, the collision frequency between entities of species A and species B is:
which has units of [volume][time]−1.
Here,
... | Physical sciences | Kinetics | Chemistry |
7753430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy | Psychopathy | Psychopathy, or psychopathic personality, is a personality construct characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, in combination with traits of boldness, disinhibition, and egocentrism. These traits are often masked by superficial charm and immunity to stress, which create an outward appearance of apparent normalcy.
... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorder | null |
12408673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20bullfrog | African bullfrog | The African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus), also known as the giant bullfrog or the South African burrowing frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is also known as the pixie frog due to its scientific name. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzan... | Biology and health sciences | Frogs and toads | Animals |
3293252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodidae | Psychodidae | Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a family of true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth flies. Members of the sub-family Phlebotominae, which are hematophagou... | Biology and health sciences | Flies (Diptera) | Animals |
3298595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinus%20maenas | Carcinus maenas | Carcinus maenas is a common littoral crab. It is known by different names around the world. In the British Isles, it is generally referred to as the shore crab, or green shore crab. In North America and South Africa, it bears the name European green crab.
C. maenas is a widespread invasive species, listed among the 10... | Biology and health sciences | Crabs and hermit crabs | Animals |
3300228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetic%20gingivostomatitis | Herpetic gingivostomatitis | Gingivostomatitis is a combination of gingivitis and stomatitis, or an inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingiva. Herpetic gingivostomatitis is often the initial presentation during the first ("primary") herpes simplex infection. It is of greater severity than herpes labialis (cold sores) which is often the subsequen... | Biology and health sciences | Viral diseases | Health |
5897742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20media | Social media | Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content (such as ideas, interests, and other forms of expression) amongst virtual communities and networks. Common features include:
Online platforms that enable users to create and share content and participate in soci... | Technology | Internet | null |
690415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo%20Metro | Cairo Metro | The Cairo Metro (, lit. "Cairo Tunnel Metro" or ) is a rapid transit system in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It was the first of the three full-fledged metro systems in Africa and the first in the Middle East to be constructed. It was opened in 1987 as Line 1 from Helwan to Ramses Square with a length of . As of 2013, the m... | Technology | Africa | null |
691224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20flash | Hot flash | Hot flashes, also known as hot flushes, are a form of flushing, often caused by the changing hormone levels that are characteristic of menopause. They are typically experienced as a feeling of intense heat with sweating and rapid heartbeat, and may typically last from two to 30 minutes for each occurrence.
Signs and s... | Biology and health sciences | Human reproduction | Biology |
692463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation%20operator%20%28quantum%20mechanics%29 | Rotation operator (quantum mechanics) | This article concerns the rotation operator, as it appears in quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanical rotations
With every physical rotation , we postulate a quantum mechanical rotation operator that is the rule that assigns to each vector in the space the vector
that is also in . We will show that, in terms of th... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
692624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard%20Base%20Tunnel | Gotthard Base Tunnel | The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT; , , ) is a railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland. It opened in June 2016 and full service began the following December. With a route length of , it is the world's longest railway and deepest traffic tunnel and the first flat, low-level route through the Alps. It lies at the heart... | Technology | Tunnels | null |
692997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannic%20acid | Tannic acid | Tannic acid is a specific form of tannin, a type of polyphenol. Its weak acidity (pKa around 6) is due to the numerous phenol groups in the structure. The chemical formula for commercial tannic acid is often given as C76H52O46, which corresponds with decagalloyl glucose, but in fact it is a mixture of polygalloyl gluc... | Physical sciences | Polyphenols | Chemistry |
693028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channichthyidae | Channichthyidae | The crocodile icefish or white-blooded fish comprise a family (Channichthyidae) of notothenioid fish found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. They are the only known vertebrates to lack hemoglobin in their blood as adults. Icefish populations are known to reside in the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern ... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
693197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%20operator | Μ operator | In computability theory, the μ-operator, minimization operator, or unbounded search operator searches for the least natural number with a given property. Adding the μ-operator to the primitive recursive functions makes it possible to define all computable functions.
Definition
Suppose that R(y, x1, ..., xk) is a fixe... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
693334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation%20%28engineering%29 | Foundation (engineering) | In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics a... | Technology | Architectural elements | null |
693623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic%20plane | Galactic plane | The galactic plane is the plane on which the majority of a disk-shaped galaxy's mass lies. The directions perpendicular to the galactic plane point to the galactic poles. In actual usage, the terms galactic plane and galactic poles usually refer specifically to the plane and poles of the Milky Way, in which Planet Eart... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
2404348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetization | Magnetization | In classical electromagnetism, magnetization is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced magnetic dipole moments in a magnetic material. Accordingly, physicists and engineers usually define magnetization as the quantity of magnetic moment per unit volume.
It is represented by a pseudovector M... | Physical sciences | Magnetostatics | Physics |
2408688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic%20aromatic%20substitution | Nucleophilic aromatic substitution | A nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry in which the nucleophile displaces a good leaving group, such as a halide, on an aromatic ring. Aromatic rings are usually nucleophilic, but some aromatic compounds do undergo nucleophilic substitution. Just as normally nucleoph... | Physical sciences | Organic reactions | Chemistry |
2409351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armor-piercing%20bullet | Armor-piercing bullet | Armor-piercing bullets for rifle and handgun cartridges are designed to penetrate ballistic armor and protective shields intended to stop or deflect conventional bullets. Although bullet design is an important factor with regard to armor penetration, the ability of any given projectile to penetrate ballistic armor inc... | Technology | Ammunition | null |
15124887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphosphane | Diphosphane | Diphosphane, or diphosphine, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula P2H4. This colourless liquid is one of several binary phosphorus hydrides. It is the impurity that typically causes samples of phosphine to ignite in air.
Properties, preparation, reactions
Diphosphane adopts the gauche conformation (lik... | Physical sciences | Hydrogen compounds | Chemistry |
19074264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgam%20%28chemistry%29 | Amalgam (chemistry) | An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal. It may be a liquid, a soft paste or a solid, depending upon the proportion of mercury. These alloys are formed through metallic bonding, with the electrostatic attractive force of the conduction electrons working to bind all the positively charged metal ions togethe... | Physical sciences | Chemical mixtures: General | null |
10027284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hook%20%28hand%20tool%29 | Hook (hand tool) | A hook is a hand tool used for securing and moving loads. It consists of a round wooden handle with a strong metal hook about long projecting at a right angle from the center of the handle. The appliance is held in a closed fist with the hook projecting between two fingers.
This type of hook is used in many different... | Technology | Hand tools | null |
1133088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic%20scattering | Elastic scattering | Elastic scattering is a form of particle scattering in scattering theory, nuclear physics and particle physics. In this process, the internal states of the particles involved stay the same. In the non-relativistic case, where the relative velocities of the particles are much less than the speed of light, elastic scatte... | Physical sciences | Particle physics: General | Physics |
1135529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardiness%20%28plants%29 | Hardiness (plants) | Hardiness of plants describes their ability to survive adverse growing conditions. It is usually limited to discussions of climatic adversity. Thus a plant's ability to tolerate cold, heat, drought, flooding, or wind are typically considered measurements of hardiness. Hardiness of plants is defined by their native exte... | Technology | Horticulture | null |
1136447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcanonical%20ensemble | Microcanonical ensemble | In statistical mechanics, the microcanonical ensemble is a statistical ensemble that represents the possible states of a mechanical system whose total energy is exactly specified. The system is assumed to be isolated in the sense that it cannot exchange energy or particles with its environment, so that (by conservation... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
1137144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisense%20therapy | Antisense therapy | Antisense therapy is a form of treatment that uses antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to target messenger RNA (mRNA). ASOs are capable of altering mRNA expression through a variety of mechanisms, including ribonuclease H mediated decay of the pre-mRNA, direct steric blockage, and exon content modulation through splicing... | Technology | Biotechnology | null |
1137210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocketknife | Pocketknife | A pocketknife is a knife with one or more blades that fold into the handle. They are also known as jackknives, folding knives, EDC knife, or may be referred to as a penknife, though a penknife may also be a specific kind of pocketknife. A typical blade length is .
Pocketknives are versatile tools, and may be used for... | Technology | Knives | null |
1137395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing%20net | Fishing net | A fishing net is a net used for fishing. Some fishing nets are also called fish traps, for example fyke nets. Fishing nets are usually meshes formed by knotting a relatively thin thread. Early nets were woven from grasses, flaxes and other fibrous plant material. Later cotton was used. Modern nets are usually made of a... | Technology | Hunting and fishing | null |
1137424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loricariidae | Loricariidae | Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Seve... | Biology and health sciences | Siluriformes | null |
4472066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20formula | Atomic formula | In mathematical logic, an atomic formula (also known as an atom or a prime formula) is a formula with no deeper propositional structure, that is, a formula that contains no logical connectives or equivalently a formula that has no strict subformulas. Atoms are thus the simplest well-formed formulas of the logic. Compou... | Mathematics | Mathematical logic | null |
7757921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocade | Brocade | Brocade () is a class of richly decorative shuttle-woven fabrics, often made in coloured silks and sometimes with gold and silver threads. The name, related to the same root as the word "broccoli", comes from Italian meaning 'embossed cloth', originally past participle of the verb 'to stud, set with nails', from , 's... | Technology | Weaving | null |
7760747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20plate | Theoretical plate | A theoretical plate in many separation processes is a hypothetical zone or stage in which two phases, such as the liquid and vapor phases of a substance, establish an equilibrium with each other. Such equilibrium stages may also be referred to as an equilibrium stage, ideal stage, or a theoretical tray. The performance... | Physical sciences | Separation processes | Chemistry |
88580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boidae | Boidae | The Boidae, commonly known as boas or boids, are a family of nonvenomous snakes primarily found in the Americas, as well as Africa, Europe, Asia, and some Pacific islands. Boas include some of the world's largest snakes, with the green anaconda of South America being the heaviest and second-longest snake known; in gene... | Biology and health sciences | Reptiles | null |
88590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megatherium | Megatherium | Megatherium ( ; from Greek () 'great' + () 'beast') is an extinct genus of ground sloths endemic to South America that lived from the Early Pliocene through the end of the Late Pleistocene. It is best known for the elephant-sized type species Megatherium americanum, primarily known from the Pampas, but ranging southw... | Biology and health sciences | Xenarthra | Animals |
88595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulated%20python | Reticulated python | The reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) is a python species native to South and Southeast Asia. It is the world's longest snake, and the third heaviest after the green anaconda and Burmese python. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List because of its wide distribution. In several countries in its ... | Biology and health sciences | Snakes | Animals |
88750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-spot | G-spot | The G-spot, also called the Gräfenberg spot (for German gynecologist Ernst Gräfenberg), is characterized as an erogenous area of the vagina that, when stimulated, may lead to strong sexual arousal, powerful orgasms and potential female ejaculation. It is typically reported to be located up the front (anterior) vaginal... | Biology and health sciences | Human anatomy | Health |
88793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20ray | Eagle ray | The eagle rays are a group of cartilaginous fishes in the family Myliobatidae, consisting mostly of large species living in the open ocean rather than on the sea bottom.
Eagle rays feed on mollusks, and crustaceans, crushing their shells with their flattened teeth. They are excellent swimmers and are able to breach th... | Biology and health sciences | Batoidea | Animals |
88837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile%20perch | Nile perch | The Nile perch (Lates niloticus), also known as the African snook, Goliath perch, African barramundi, Goliath barramundi, Giant lates or the Victoria perch, is a species of freshwater fish in family Latidae of order Perciformes. It is widespread throughout much of the Afrotropical realm, being native to the Congo, Nile... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
88847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20eagle | Philippine eagle | The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is a critically endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the Philippines. It has brown and white-colored plumage, a shaggy crest, and generally measures in length ... | Biology and health sciences | Accipitrimorphae | Animals |
88857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20transfusion | Blood transfusion | Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood products into a person's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as re... | Biology and health sciences | Medical procedures | null |
88873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest | Nest | A nest is a structure built for certain animals to hold eggs or young. Although nests are most closely associated with birds, members of all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates construct nests. They may be composed of organic material such as twigs, grass, and leaves, or may be a simple depression in the gr... | Biology and health sciences | Shelters and structures | Animals |
88891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia | Tilapia | Tilapia ( ) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine, and tilapiine tribes (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with the economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini. Tilapia are mainly... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
88931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract | Cataract | A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision of the eye. Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may include faded colours, blurry or double vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and difficulty seeing at night. This may result i... | Biology and health sciences | Disabilities | Health |
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