id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
values | section stringlengths 4 49 ⌀ | sublist stringclasses 9
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
26700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science | Science | Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two or three major branches: the natural sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology), which study the physical world; and the behavi... | Physical sciences | null | null |
26725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slime%20mold | Slime mold | Slime mold or slime mould is an informal name given to a polyphyletic assemblage of unrelated eukaryotic organisms in the Stramenopiles, Rhizaria, Discoba, Amoebozoa and Holomycota clades. Most are microscopic; those in the Myxogastria form larger plasmodial slime molds visible to the naked eye.
The slime mold life ... | Biology and health sciences | Other organisms | null |
26751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun | Sun | The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet energies. It is by far the most impor... | Physical sciences | Science and medicine | null |
26764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20System%20of%20Units | International System of Units | The International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from French ), is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement. It is the only system of measurement with official status in nearly every country in the world, employed in science, technology,... | Physical sciences | Science: General | null |
26768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirenia | Sirenia | The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct families: Dugongidae (the dugong and the now extinct Steller's sea cow) and Trich... | Biology and health sciences | Mammals | null |
26805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex | Sex | Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes. During sexual reproduction, a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote, which develops into an offspring that inherits traits from each parent. By convention, organisms that produce smaller, more ... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
26808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star | Star | A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night; their immense distances from Earth make them appear as fixed points of light. The most prominent stars have been categorised into constellations and asteri... | Physical sciences | Astronomy | null |
26826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium | Sodium | Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature and must be prepared from compounds. Sodi... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
26832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stramenopile | Stramenopile | The stramenopiles, also called heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. In most species, the hairs are attached to flagella, in some they are attached to other areas of the cellular surface, and in some they have been secondarily lost (in which case relate... | Biology and health sciences | Other organisms | null |
26833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific%20method | Scientific method | The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has been referred to while doing science since at least the 17th century. The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous skepticism, because cognitive assumptions can distort the interpretation of the observation. Scient... | Physical sciences | Science: General | null |
26838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun | Shotgun | A shotgun (also known as a scattergun, peppergun, or historically as a fowling piece) is a long-barreled firearm designed to shoot a straight-walled cartridge known as a shotshell, which discharges numerous small spherical projectiles called shot, or a single solid projectile called a slug. Shotguns are most commonly u... | Technology | Projectile weapons | null |
26872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI%20base%20unit | SI base unit | The SI base units are the standard units of measurement defined by the International System of Units (SI) for the seven base quantities of what is now known as the International System of Quantities: they are notably a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived. The units and their physical quantities are t... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
26873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second | Second | The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time, historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400).
The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise:The ... | Physical sciences | Time | null |
26884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity | Superconductivity | Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered, even down to near absolute zero, a ... | Physical sciences | Electrical circuits | null |
26899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearmint | Spearmint | Spearmint (Mentha spicata), also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is native to Europe and southern temperate Asia, extending from Ireland in the west to southern China in the east. It is naturalized in many other temperate parts of the world, including northern and southern Africa, North ... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
26903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20System | Solar System | The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. It formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a dense region of a molecular cloud collapsed, forming the Sun and a protoplanetary disc. The Sun is a typical star that maintains a balanced equilibrium by the fusion of hydrogen in... | Physical sciences | Science and medicine | null |
26904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian | Silurian | The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the third and shortest period of the Paleozoic Era, and the third of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon. As w... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
26932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius%20%28constellation%29 | Sagittarius (constellation) | Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius... | Physical sciences | Zodiac | Astronomy |
26933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpius | Scorpius | Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Gree... | Physical sciences | Zodiac | Astronomy |
26962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20relativity | Special relativity | In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:
The laws of physics are invariant (i... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | null |
26985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity | Salinity | Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).
Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the c... | Physical sciences | Water: General | Earth science |
26997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientist | Scientist | A scientist is a person who researches to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences.
In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. Though Thales ( 6... | Physical sciences | Science basics | Basics and measurement |
27000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog | Smog | Smog, or smoke fog, is a type of intense air pollution. The word "smog" was coined in the early 20th century, and is a portmanteau of the words smoke and fog to refer to smoky fog due to its opacity, and odor. The word was then intended to refer to what was sometimes known as pea soup fog, a familiar and serious probl... | Physical sciences | Atmospheric optics | Earth science |
27008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship | Ship | A ship is a large vessel that travels the world's oceans and other navigable waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported explora... | Technology | Transportation | null |
27010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20engineering | Software engineering | Software engineering is a field within computer science focused on designing, developing, testing, and maintaining of software applications. It involves applying engineering principles and computer programming expertise to develop software systems that meet user needs.
The terms programmer and coder overlap software e... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
18070419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow%20supergiant | Yellow supergiant | A yellow supergiant (YSG) is a star, generally of spectral type F or G, having a supergiant luminosity class (e.g. Ia or Ib). They are stars that have evolved away from the main sequence, expanding and becoming more luminous.
Yellow supergiants are hotter and smaller than red supergiants; naked eye examples include P... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
18075548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units%20of%20information | Units of information | A unit of information is any unit of measure of digital data size. In digital computing, a unit of information is used to describe the capacity of a digital data storage device. In telecommunications, a unit of information is used to describe the throughput of a communication channel. In information theory, a unit of i... | Physical sciences | Basics | Basics and measurement |
16874172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic%20Abney%20level | Topographic Abney level | An Abney level and clinometer is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm, and a protractor scale. An internal mirror allows the user to see the bubble in the level while sighting a distant target. It can be used as a hand-held... | Technology | Surveying tools | null |
695215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon%20problem | Horizon problem | The horizon problem (also known as the homogeneity problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. It arises due to the difficulty in explaining the observed homogeneity of causally disconnected regions of space in the absence of a mechanism that sets the same initial condition... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | Astronomy |
695241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale%20invariance | Scale invariance | In physics, mathematics and statistics, scale invariance is a feature of objects or laws that do not change if scales of length, energy, or other variables, are multiplied by a common factor, and thus represent a universality.
The technical term for this transformation is a dilatation (also known as dilation). Dilatat... | Physical sciences | Physics basics: General | Physics |
695423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporin | Cephalosporin | The cephalosporins (sg. ) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.
Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics called cephems. Cephalosporins were discovered in 1945, and first sold in 1964.
Disco... | Biology and health sciences | Antibiotics | Health |
695530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decade | Decade | A decade () is a period of 10 years. Decades may describe any 10-year period, such as those of a person's life, or refer to specific groupings of calendar years.
Usage
Any period of ten years is a "decade". For example, the statement that "during his last decade, Mozart explored chromatic harmony to a degree rare at ... | Physical sciences | Time | Basics and measurement |
695713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothpick | Toothpick | A toothpick is a small thin stick of wood, plastic, bamboo, metal, bone or other substance with at least one and sometimes two pointed ends to insert between teeth to remove detritus, usually after a meal. Toothpicks are also used for festive occasions to hold or spear small appetizers (like cheese cubes or olives) or ... | Biology and health sciences | Hygiene products | Health |
695978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid%20personality%20disorder | Paranoid personality disorder | Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental disorder characterized by paranoia, and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. People with this personality disorder may be hypersensitive, easily insulted, and habitually relate to the world by vigilant scanning of the environment f... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
696619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20series | Binomial series | In mathematics, the binomial series is a generalization of the polynomial that comes from a binomial formula expression like for a nonnegative integer . Specifically, the binomial series is the MacLaurin series for the function , where and . Explicitly,
where the power series on the right-hand side of () is express... | Mathematics | Sequences and series | null |
696912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound%20state | Bound state | A bound state is a composite of two or more fundamental building blocks, such as particles, atoms, or bodies, that behaves as a single object and in which energy is required to split them.
In quantum physics, a bound state is a quantum state of a particle subject to a potential such that the particle has a tendency to... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
697155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy%20problem | Hierarchy problem | In theoretical physics, the hierarchy problem is the problem concerning the large discrepancy between aspects of the weak force and gravity. There is no scientific consensus on why, for example, the weak force is 1024 times stronger than gravity.
Technical definition
A hierarchy problem occurs when the fundamental va... | Physical sciences | Particle physics: General | Physics |
697208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizziness | Dizziness | Dizziness is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space, vertigo, or lightheadedness. It can also refer to disequilibrium or a non-specific feeling, such as giddiness or foolishness.
Dizziness is a common medical complaint, affecting 20–30% of persons. Dizziness is broken down into four mai... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
697387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular%20convection | Granular convection | Granular convection is a phenomenon where granular material subjected to shaking or vibration will exhibit circulation patterns similar to types of fluid convection. It is sometimes called the Brazil nut effect, when the largest of irregularly shaped particles end up on the surface of a granular material containing a m... | Physical sciences | Soil mechanics | Physics |
697411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe | Safe | A safe (also called a strongbox or coffer) is a secure lockable enclosure used for securing valuable objects against theft or fire. A safe is usually a hollow cuboid or cylinder, with one face being removable or hinged to form a door. The body and door may be cast from metal (such as steel) or formed out of plastic thr... | Technology | Containers | null |
697815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested%20penguin | Crested penguin | Eudyptes is a genus of penguins whose members are collectively called crested penguins. The exact number of species in the genus varies between four and seven depending on the authority, and a Chatham Islands species became extinct in recent centuries. All are black and white penguins with yellow crests, red bills and ... | Biology and health sciences | Sphenisciformes | Animals |
697890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational%20diabetes | Gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. Babies born to... | Biology and health sciences | Specific diseases | Health |
698477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinal | Urinal | A urinal (, ) is a sanitary plumbing fixture similar to a toilet, but for urination only. Urinals are often provided in men's public restrooms in Western countries (less so in Muslim countries). They are usually used in a standing position. Urinals can be equipped with manual flushing, automatic flushing, or without fl... | Technology | Hydraulics and pneumatics | null |
698648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization%20density | Polarization density | In classical electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. When a dielectric is placed in an external electric field, its molecules gain electri... | Physical sciences | Electrostatics | Physics |
698759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagator | Propagator | In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the propagator is a function that specifies the probability amplitude for a particle to travel from one place to another in a given period of time, or to travel with a certain energy and momentum. In Feynman diagrams, which serve to calculate the rate of collisions in quan... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
10047006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unipedalism | Unipedalism | A uniped (from Latin uni- "one" and ped- "foot") is a person or creature with only one foot and one leg, as contrasted with a biped (two legs) and a quadruped (four legs). Moving using only one leg is known as unipedal movement. Many bivalvia and nearly all gastropoda molluscs have evolved only one foot. Through accide... | Biology and health sciences | Ethology | Biology |
14067771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalattosauria | Thalattosauria | Thalattosauria (Greek for "sea lizards") is an extinct order of marine reptiles that lived in the Middle to Late Triassic. Thalattosaurs were diverse in size and shape, and are divided into two superfamilies: Askeptosauroidea and Thalattosauroidea. Askeptosauroids were endemic to the Tethys Ocean, their fossils have be... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric marine reptiles | Animals |
1735128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disproportionation | Disproportionation | In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation state. The reverse of disproportionation, such as when a compound in an intermediate oxidation state is formed fro... | Physical sciences | Redox reactions | Chemistry |
1735240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichlorodifluoromethane | Dichlorodifluoromethane | Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) is a colorless gas popularly known by the genericized brand name Freon (as Freon-12). It is a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant. In compliance with the Montreal Protocol, its manufacture was banned in developed countries (non-article 5... | Physical sciences | Halocarbons | Chemistry |
1738148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limpet | Limpet | Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors).
... | Biology and health sciences | Gastropods | Animals |
1738488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%20coral | Brain coral | Brain coral is a common name given to various corals in the families Mussidae and Merulinidae, so called due to their generally spheroid shape and grooved surface which resembles a brain. Each head of coral is formed by a colony of genetically identical polyps which secrete a hard skeleton of calcium carbonate; this ma... | Biology and health sciences | Cnidarians | Animals |
3307045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid%20%28geometry%29 | Pyramid (geometry) | In geometry, a pyramid is a polyhedron formed by connecting a polygonal base and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form a triangle, called a lateral face. A pyramid is a conic solid with a polygonal base. Many types of pyramids can be found by determining the shape of bases, either by based on a regular... | Mathematics | Three-dimensional space | null |
3308069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai%20basil | Thai basil | Thai basil is a type of basil native to Southeast Asia that has been cultivated to provide distinctive traits. Widely used throughout Southeast Asia, its flavor, described as anise- and licorice-like and slightly spicy, is more stable under high or extended cooking temperatures than that of sweet basil. Thai basil has ... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
3309189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20giant%20squirrel | Oriental giant squirrel | Oriental giant squirrels are cat-sized tree squirrels from the genus Ratufa in the subfamily Ratufinae. They are a distinctive element of the fauna of south and southeast Asia.
Species
There are four living species of oriental giant squirrels:
In prehistoric times this lineage was more widespread. For example, animal... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | Animals |
3311468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20copper%20alloys | List of copper alloys | Copper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have high resistance against corrosion. Of the large number of different types, the best known traditional types are bronze, where tin is a significant addition, and brass, using zinc instead. Both of these are imprecise terms. Latten i... | Physical sciences | Copper alloys | Chemistry |
3311599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoy%20cabbage | Savoy cabbage | Savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L. or Brassica oleracea Savoy Cabbage Group) is a variety or cultivar group of the plant species Brassica oleracea. Savoy cabbage is a winter vegetable and one of several cabbage varieties. It has crinkled, emerald green leaves,
which are crunchy with a slightly elastic con... | Biology and health sciences | Leafy vegetables | Plants |
11484716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20vapor%20extraction | Soil vapor extraction | Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a physical treatment process for in situ remediation of volatile contaminants in vadose zone (unsaturated) soils (EPA, 2012). SVE (also referred to as in situ soil venting or vacuum extraction) is based on mass transfer of contaminant from the solid (sorbed) and liquid (aqueous or non-aq... | Technology | Environmental remediation | null |
7774494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simosuchus | Simosuchus | Simosuchus is an extinct genus of notosuchian crocodyliforms from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. It is named for its unusually short skull. Fully grown individuals were about in length. The type species is Simosuchus clarki, found from the Maevarano Formation in Mahajanga Province, although one isolated multicuspi... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric crocodiles | Animals |
7780536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20tiger | White tiger | The Ashy Tiger is a leucistic morph of the tiger. It is occasionally reported in the Indian wilderness. It has the typical black stripes of a tiger, but its coat is otherwise white or near-white, and it has blue eyes.
Variation
The white Bengal tigers are distinctive due to the color of their fur. The white fur is c... | Biology and health sciences | Felines | Animals |
4490796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacotherapy | Pharmacotherapy | Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).
It can be distinguished from ... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
4492335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass%20meadow | Seagrass meadow | A seagrass meadow or seagrass bed is an underwater ecosystem formed by seagrasses. Seagrasses are marine (saltwater) plants found in shallow coastal waters and in the brackish waters of estuaries. Seagrasses are flowering plants with stems and long green, grass-like leaves. They produce seeds and pollen and have roots ... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | Earth science |
1137568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20gravity | Artificial gravity | Artificial gravity is the creation of an inertial force that mimics the effects of a gravitational force, usually by rotation.
Artificial gravity, or rotational gravity, is thus the appearance of a centrifugal force in a rotating frame of reference (the transmission of centripetal acceleration via normal force in the ... | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
1137672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical%20ensemble | Canonical ensemble | In statistical mechanics, a canonical ensemble is the statistical ensemble that represents the possible states of a mechanical system in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath at a fixed temperature. The system can exchange energy with the heat bath, so that the states of the system will differ in total energy.
The prin... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
1138578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20field%20theory | Crystal field theory | In molecular physics, crystal field theory (CFT) describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals, due to a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbors). This theory has been used to describe various spectroscopies of transition metal co... | Physical sciences | Bond structure | Chemistry |
1139338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable%20function | Computable function | Computable functions are the basic objects of study in computability theory. Computable functions are the formalized analogue of the intuitive notion of algorithms, in the sense that a function is computable if there exists an algorithm that can do the job of the function, i.e. given an input of the function domain it ... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
1139347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanosauria | Titanosauria | Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. Th... | Biology and health sciences | Sauropods | Animals |
1139981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20angle | Hyperbolic angle | In geometry, hyperbolic angle is a real number determined by the area of the corresponding hyperbolic sector of xy = 1 in Quadrant I of the Cartesian plane. The hyperbolic angle parametrizes the unit hyperbola, which has hyperbolic functions as coordinates. In mathematics, hyperbolic angle is an invariant measure as it... | Mathematics | Non-Euclidean geometry | null |
213583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Wilson%20Observatory | Mount Wilson Observatory | The Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The MWO is located on Mount Wilson, a peak in the San Gabriel Mountains near Pasadena, northeast of Los Angeles.
The observatory contains two historically important telescopes: the Hooker telescope, wh... | Technology | Ground-based observatories | null |
213614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20distillation | Fractional distillation | Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Generally the component parts have boiling points that diffe... | Physical sciences | Phase separations | Chemistry |
213671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runge%E2%80%93Kutta%20methods | Runge–Kutta methods | In numerical analysis, the Runge–Kutta methods ( ) are a family of implicit and explicit iterative methods, which include the Euler method, used in temporal discretization for the approximate solutions of simultaneous nonlinear equations. These methods were developed around 1900 by the German mathematicians Carl Runge ... | Mathematics | Differential equations | null |
213739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20dock | Dry dock | A dry dock (sometimes drydock or dry-dock) is a narrow basin or vessel that can be flooded to allow a load to be floated in, then drained to allow that load to come to rest on a dry platform. Dry docks are used for the construction, maintenance, and repair of ships, boats, and other watercraft.
History
China
The use ... | Technology | Coastal infrastructure | null |
213968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20atomic%20mass | Relative atomic mass | Relative atomic mass (symbol: A; sometimes abbreviated RAM or r.a.m.), also known by the deprecated synonym atomic weight, is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to the atomic mass constant. The atomic mass constant (symbol: m) is d... | Physical sciences | Periodic table | Chemistry |
214067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo%20Cluster | Virgo Cluster | The Virgo Cluster is a cluster of galaxies whose center is 53.8 ± 0.3 Mly (16.5 ± 0.1 Mpc) away in the constellation Virgo. Comprising approximately 1,300 (and possibly up to 2,000) member galaxies, the cluster forms the heart of the larger Virgo Supercluster, of which the Local Group (containing the Milky Way galaxy) ... | Physical sciences | Other notable objects | null |
214077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2087 | Messier 87 | Messier 87 (also known as Virgo A or NGC 4486, generally abbreviated to M87) is a supergiant elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo that contains several trillion stars. One of the largest and most massive galaxies in the local universe, it has a large population of globular clusters—about 15,000 compared with th... | Physical sciences | Notable galaxies | null |
214096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20optics | Active optics | Active optics is a technology used with reflecting telescopes developed in the 1980s, which actively shapes a telescope's mirrors to prevent deformation due to external influences such as wind, temperature, and mechanical stress. Without active optics, the construction of 8 metre class telescopes is not possible, nor w... | Technology | Telescope | null |
214102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20aberration | Spherical aberration | In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of manufacturing. Light rays that strike a spherical surface o... | Physical sciences | Optics | Physics |
214116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20inch | Cubic inch | The cubic inch (symbol in3) is a unit of volume in the Imperial units and United States customary units systems. It is the volume of a cube with each of its three dimensions (length, width, and height) being one inch long which is equivalent to 1/231 of a US gallon.
The cubic inch and the cubic foot are used as units ... | Physical sciences | Volume | Basics and measurement |
214209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic%20bomber | Strategic bomber | A strategic bomber is a medium- to long-range penetration bomber aircraft designed to drop large amounts of air-to-ground weaponry onto a distant target for the purposes of debilitating the enemy's capacity to wage war. Unlike tactical bombers, penetrators, fighter-bombers, and attack aircraft, which are used in air in... | Technology | Military aviation | null |
214241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid | Terpenoid | The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene and its derivatives called terpenes, diterpenes, etc. While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional groups, usually containing oxy... | Physical sciences | Terpenes and terpenoids | Chemistry |
214242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene | Terpene | Terpenes () are a class of natural products consisting of compounds with the formula (C5H8)n for n ≥ 2. Terpenes are major biosynthetic building blocks. Comprising more than 30,000 compounds, these unsaturated hydrocarbons are produced predominantly by plants, particularly conifers. In plants, terpenes and terpenoids ... | Physical sciences | Terpenes and terpenoids | Chemistry |
214294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis%20D | Hepatitis D | Hepatitis D is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDV is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. HDV is considered to be a satellite (a type of subviral agent) because it can propagate only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transmission of HDV can occur ei... | Biology and health sciences | Viral diseases | Health |
214340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavo%20%28constellation%29 | Pavo (constellation) | Pavo is a constellation in the southern sky whose name is Latin for . Pavo first appeared on a 35-cm (14 in) diameter celestial globe published in 1598 in Amsterdam by Petrus Plancius and Jodocus Hondius and was depicted in Johann Bayer's star atlas Uranometria of 1603, and was likely conceived by Plancius from the obs... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
214369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penduline%20tit | Penduline tit | The penduline tits constitute the family Remizidae, of small passerine birds related to the true tits. All but the verdin make elaborate bag nests hanging from trees (whence "penduline", hanging), usually over water.
Characteristics
Penduline tits are tiny passerines, ranging from 7.5 to 11 cm in length, that resemble... | Biology and health sciences | Passerida | Animals |
214424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagtail | Wagtail | Wagtails are a group of passerine birds that form the genus Motacilla in the family Motacillidae. The common name and genus name are derived from their characteristic tail pumping behaviour. Together with the pipits and longclaws they form the family Motacillidae.
The forest wagtail belongs to the monotypic genus Dend... | Biology and health sciences | Passerida | Animals |
214505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower | Tower | A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures.
Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable bu... | Technology | Mixed-use buildings | null |
214513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20electron%20microscopy | Transmission electron microscopy | Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as ... | Technology | Optical instruments | null |
214550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr%20virus | Epstein–Barr virus | The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified oncogenic virus, or a virus that can cause ... | Biology and health sciences | Specific viruses | Health |
214571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolism | Catabolism | Catabolism () is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins) into smaller units (such as monosaccharides, ... | Biology and health sciences | Metabolic processes | Biology |
214645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnish | Varnish | Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not to be confused with wood stain. It usually has a yellowish shade due to the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired. It is sold commercially in various shades.
Varnish is primarily used as a wood finish ... | Technology | Artist's and drafting tools | null |
214701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20purification | Water purification | Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be carried ... | Technology | Food, water and health | null |
214755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling%20stock | Rolling stock | The term rolling stock in the rail transport industry refers to railway vehicles, including both powered and unpowered vehicles: for example, locomotives, freight and passenger cars (or coaches), and non-revenue cars. Passenger vehicles can be un-powered, or self-propelled, single or multiple units.
In North America, ... | Technology | Rail and cable transport | null |
214761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach%20%28bus%29 | Coach (bus) | A coach (also known as a motorcoach or coach bus) is a type of bus built for longer distance service, in contrast to transit buses that are typically used for shorter journeys within a single metropolitan region. Often used for touring, intercity, and international bus service, coaches are also used for private charter... | Technology | Motorized road transport | null |
214764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoach | Stagecoach | A stagecoach (also: stage coach, stage, road coach, ) is a four-wheeled public transport coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses although some versions are drawn by six horses.
Commonly used be... | Technology | Animal-powered transport | null |
214934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonemasonry | Stonemasonry | Stonemasonry or stonecraft is the creation of buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone as the primary material. Stonemasonry is the craft of shaping and arranging stones, often together with mortar and even the ancient lime mortar, to wall or cover formed structures.
The basic tools, methods and skills of the... | Technology | Building materials | null |
214938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptin | Leptin | Leptin (from Greek λεπτός leptos, "thin" or "light" or "small"), also known as obese protein, is a protein hormone predominantly made by adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue). Its primary role is likely to regulate long-term energy balance.
As one of the major signals of energy status, leptin levels influence appetite... | Biology and health sciences | Animal hormones | Biology |
215027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20grey%20kangaroo | Eastern grey kangaroo | The eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) is a marsupial found in the eastern third of Australia, with a population of several million. It is also known as the great grey kangaroo and the forester kangaroo. Although a big eastern grey male can typically weigh up to and have a length of well over , the scientific ... | Biology and health sciences | Diprotodontia | Animals |
215038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhancer%20%28genetics%29 | Enhancer (genetics) | In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. These proteins are usually referred to as transcription factors. Enhancers are cis-acting. They can be located up to 1 Mbp (1,000,000 b... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
215199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis%20media | Otitis media | Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. Decreased eating and a fever may also be ... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious diseases by site | Health |
215248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron | Nephron | The nephron is the minute or microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and a cup-shaped structure called Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule extends from the capsule. The caps... | Biology and health sciences | Urinary system | Biology |
215397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipit | Pipit | The pipits are a cosmopolitan genus, Anthus, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Along with the wagtails and longclaws, the pipits make up the family Motacillidae. The genus is widespread, occurring across most of the world, except the driest deserts, rainforest and the mainland of Antarctica.
They are... | Biology and health sciences | Passerida | Animals |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.