Instruction
stringlengths
45
106
input_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
output_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
Translate the given Forth code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
1 constant maybe : tnot dup maybe <> if invert then ; : tand and ; : tor or ; : tequiv 2dup and rot tnot rot tnot and or ; : timply tnot tor ; : txor tequiv tnot ; : t. C" TF?" 2 + + c@ emit ; : table2. cr ." T F ?" cr ." --------" 2 true DO cr I t. ." | " 2 true DO dup I J rot execute t. ." " LOOP LOOP DROP ; : table1. 2 true DO CR I t. ." | " dup I swap execute t. LOOP DROP ; CR ." [NOT]" ' tnot table1. CR CR ." [AND]" ' tand table2. CR CR ." [OR]" ' tor table2. CR CR ." [XOR]" ' txor table2. CR CR ." [IMPLY]" ' timply table2. CR CR ." [EQUIV]" ' tequiv table2. CR
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Convert this Forth block to Python, preserving its control flow and logic.
1 constant maybe : tnot dup maybe <> if invert then ; : tand and ; : tor or ; : tequiv 2dup and rot tnot rot tnot and or ; : timply tnot tor ; : txor tequiv tnot ; : t. C" TF?" 2 + + c@ emit ; : table2. cr ." T F ?" cr ." --------" 2 true DO cr I t. ." | " 2 true DO dup I J rot execute t. ." " LOOP LOOP DROP ; : table1. 2 true DO CR I t. ." | " dup I swap execute t. LOOP DROP ; CR ." [NOT]" ' tnot table1. CR CR ." [AND]" ' tand table2. CR CR ." [OR]" ' tor table2. CR CR ." [XOR]" ' txor table2. CR CR ." [IMPLY]" ' timply table2. CR CR ." [EQUIV]" ' tequiv table2. CR
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this Forth implementation.
1 constant maybe : tnot dup maybe <> if invert then ; : tand and ; : tor or ; : tequiv 2dup and rot tnot rot tnot and or ; : timply tnot tor ; : txor tequiv tnot ; : t. C" TF?" 2 + + c@ emit ; : table2. cr ." T F ?" cr ." --------" 2 true DO cr I t. ." | " 2 true DO dup I J rot execute t. ." " LOOP LOOP DROP ; : table1. 2 true DO CR I t. ." | " dup I swap execute t. LOOP DROP ; CR ." [NOT]" ' tnot table1. CR CR ." [AND]" ' tand table2. CR CR ." [OR]" ' tor table2. CR CR ." [XOR]" ' txor table2. CR CR ." [IMPLY]" ' timply table2. CR CR ." [EQUIV]" ' tequiv table2. CR
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Generate an equivalent C# version of this Fortran code.
module trit real, parameter :: true = 1, false = 0, maybe = 0.5 contains real function tnot(y) real, intent(in) :: y tnot = 1 - y end function tnot real function tand(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tand = min(x, y) end function tand real function tor(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tor = max(x, y) end function tor real function tif(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tif = tor(y, tnot(x)) end function tif real function teq(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y teq = tor(tand(tnot(x), tnot(y)), tand(x, y)) end function teq end module trit program ternaryLogic use trit integer :: i real, dimension(3) :: a = [false, maybe, true] write(6,'(/a)')'ternary not' ; write(6, '(3f4.1/)') (tnot(a(i)), i = 1 , 3) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary and' ; call table(tand, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary or' ; call table(tor, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary if' ; call table(tif, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary eq' ; call table(teq, a, a) contains subroutine table(u, x, y) real, external :: u real, dimension(3), intent(in) :: x, y integer :: i, j write(6, '(3(3f4.1/))') ((u(x(i), y(j)), j=1,3), i=1,3) end subroutine table end program ternaryLogic
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Write the same algorithm in C++ as shown in this Fortran implementation.
module trit real, parameter :: true = 1, false = 0, maybe = 0.5 contains real function tnot(y) real, intent(in) :: y tnot = 1 - y end function tnot real function tand(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tand = min(x, y) end function tand real function tor(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tor = max(x, y) end function tor real function tif(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tif = tor(y, tnot(x)) end function tif real function teq(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y teq = tor(tand(tnot(x), tnot(y)), tand(x, y)) end function teq end module trit program ternaryLogic use trit integer :: i real, dimension(3) :: a = [false, maybe, true] write(6,'(/a)')'ternary not' ; write(6, '(3f4.1/)') (tnot(a(i)), i = 1 , 3) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary and' ; call table(tand, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary or' ; call table(tor, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary if' ; call table(tif, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary eq' ; call table(teq, a, a) contains subroutine table(u, x, y) real, external :: u real, dimension(3), intent(in) :: x, y integer :: i, j write(6, '(3(3f4.1/))') ((u(x(i), y(j)), j=1,3), i=1,3) end subroutine table end program ternaryLogic
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Fortran snippet.
module trit real, parameter :: true = 1, false = 0, maybe = 0.5 contains real function tnot(y) real, intent(in) :: y tnot = 1 - y end function tnot real function tand(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tand = min(x, y) end function tand real function tor(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tor = max(x, y) end function tor real function tif(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tif = tor(y, tnot(x)) end function tif real function teq(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y teq = tor(tand(tnot(x), tnot(y)), tand(x, y)) end function teq end module trit program ternaryLogic use trit integer :: i real, dimension(3) :: a = [false, maybe, true] write(6,'(/a)')'ternary not' ; write(6, '(3f4.1/)') (tnot(a(i)), i = 1 , 3) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary and' ; call table(tand, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary or' ; call table(tor, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary if' ; call table(tif, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary eq' ; call table(teq, a, a) contains subroutine table(u, x, y) real, external :: u real, dimension(3), intent(in) :: x, y integer :: i, j write(6, '(3(3f4.1/))') ((u(x(i), y(j)), j=1,3), i=1,3) end subroutine table end program ternaryLogic
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Convert this Fortran snippet to Java and keep its semantics consistent.
module trit real, parameter :: true = 1, false = 0, maybe = 0.5 contains real function tnot(y) real, intent(in) :: y tnot = 1 - y end function tnot real function tand(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tand = min(x, y) end function tand real function tor(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tor = max(x, y) end function tor real function tif(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tif = tor(y, tnot(x)) end function tif real function teq(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y teq = tor(tand(tnot(x), tnot(y)), tand(x, y)) end function teq end module trit program ternaryLogic use trit integer :: i real, dimension(3) :: a = [false, maybe, true] write(6,'(/a)')'ternary not' ; write(6, '(3f4.1/)') (tnot(a(i)), i = 1 , 3) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary and' ; call table(tand, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary or' ; call table(tor, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary if' ; call table(tif, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary eq' ; call table(teq, a, a) contains subroutine table(u, x, y) real, external :: u real, dimension(3), intent(in) :: x, y integer :: i, j write(6, '(3(3f4.1/))') ((u(x(i), y(j)), j=1,3), i=1,3) end subroutine table end program ternaryLogic
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Generate a Python translation of this Fortran snippet without changing its computational steps.
module trit real, parameter :: true = 1, false = 0, maybe = 0.5 contains real function tnot(y) real, intent(in) :: y tnot = 1 - y end function tnot real function tand(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tand = min(x, y) end function tand real function tor(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tor = max(x, y) end function tor real function tif(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tif = tor(y, tnot(x)) end function tif real function teq(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y teq = tor(tand(tnot(x), tnot(y)), tand(x, y)) end function teq end module trit program ternaryLogic use trit integer :: i real, dimension(3) :: a = [false, maybe, true] write(6,'(/a)')'ternary not' ; write(6, '(3f4.1/)') (tnot(a(i)), i = 1 , 3) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary and' ; call table(tand, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary or' ; call table(tor, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary if' ; call table(tif, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary eq' ; call table(teq, a, a) contains subroutine table(u, x, y) real, external :: u real, dimension(3), intent(in) :: x, y integer :: i, j write(6, '(3(3f4.1/))') ((u(x(i), y(j)), j=1,3), i=1,3) end subroutine table end program ternaryLogic
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Translate the given Fortran code snippet into PHP without altering its behavior.
module trit real, parameter :: true = 1, false = 0, maybe = 0.5 contains real function tnot(y) real, intent(in) :: y tnot = 1 - y end function tnot real function tand(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tand = min(x, y) end function tand real function tor(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tor = max(x, y) end function tor real function tif(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y tif = tor(y, tnot(x)) end function tif real function teq(x, y) real, intent(in) :: x, y teq = tor(tand(tnot(x), tnot(y)), tand(x, y)) end function teq end module trit program ternaryLogic use trit integer :: i real, dimension(3) :: a = [false, maybe, true] write(6,'(/a)')'ternary not' ; write(6, '(3f4.1/)') (tnot(a(i)), i = 1 , 3) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary and' ; call table(tand, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary or' ; call table(tor, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary if' ; call table(tif, a, a) write(6,'(/a)')'ternary eq' ; call table(teq, a, a) contains subroutine table(u, x, y) real, external :: u real, dimension(3), intent(in) :: x, y integer :: i, j write(6, '(3(3f4.1/))') ((u(x(i), y(j)), j=1,3), i=1,3) end subroutine table end program ternaryLogic
#!/usr/bin/php <?php # defined as numbers, so I can use max() and min() on it if (! define('triFalse',0)) trigger_error('Unknown error defining!', E_USER_ERROR); if (! define('triMaybe',1)) trigger_error('Unknown error defining!', E_USER_ERROR); if (! define('triTrue', 2)) trigger_error('Unknown error defining!', E_USER_ERROR); $triNotarray = array(triFalse=>triTrue, triMaybe=>triMaybe, triTrue=>triFalse); # output helper function triString ($tri) { if ($tri===triFalse) return 'false '; if ($tri===triMaybe) return 'unknown'; if ($tri===triTrue) return 'true '; trigger_error('triString: parameter not a tri value', E_USER_ERROR); } function triAnd() { if (func_num_args() < 2) trigger_error('triAnd needs 2 or more parameters', E_USER_ERROR); return min(func_get_args()); } function triOr() { if (func_num_args() < 2) trigger_error('triOr needs 2 or more parameters', E_USER_ERROR); return max(func_get_args()); } function triNot($t) { global $triNotarray; # using result table if (in_array($t, $triNotarray)) return $triNotarray[$t]; trigger_error('triNot: Parameter is not a tri value', E_USER_ERROR); } function triImplies($a, $b) { if ($a===triFalse || $b===triTrue) return triTrue; if ($a===triMaybe || $b===triMaybe) return triMaybe; # without parameter type check I just would return triFalse here if ($a===triTrue && $b===triFalse) return triFalse; trigger_error('triImplies: parameter type error', E_USER_ERROR); } function triEquiv($a, $b) { if ($a===triTrue) return $b; if ($a===triMaybe) return $a; if ($a===triFalse) return triNot($b); trigger_error('triEquiv: parameter type error', E_USER_ERROR); } # data sampling printf("--- Sample output for a equivalent b ---\n\n"); foreach ([triTrue,triMaybe,triFalse] as $a) { foreach ([triTrue,triMaybe,triFalse] as $b) { printf("for a=%s and b=%s a equivalent b is %s\n", triString($a), triString($b), triString(triEquiv($a, $b))); } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Groovy code in C.
enum Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE private Trit nand(Trit that) { switch ([this,that]) { case { FALSE in it }: return TRUE case { MAYBE in it }: return MAYBE default : return FALSE } } private Trit nor(Trit that) { this.or(that).not() } Trit and(Trit that) { this.nand(that).not() } Trit or(Trit that) { this.not().nand(that.not()) } Trit not() { this.nand(this) } Trit imply(Trit that) { this.nand(that.not()) } Trit equiv(Trit that) { this.and(that).or(this.nor(that)) } }
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C# while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Groovy version.
enum Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE private Trit nand(Trit that) { switch ([this,that]) { case { FALSE in it }: return TRUE case { MAYBE in it }: return MAYBE default : return FALSE } } private Trit nor(Trit that) { this.or(that).not() } Trit and(Trit that) { this.nand(that).not() } Trit or(Trit that) { this.not().nand(that.not()) } Trit not() { this.nand(this) } Trit imply(Trit that) { this.nand(that.not()) } Trit equiv(Trit that) { this.and(that).or(this.nor(that)) } }
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Convert this Groovy snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
enum Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE private Trit nand(Trit that) { switch ([this,that]) { case { FALSE in it }: return TRUE case { MAYBE in it }: return MAYBE default : return FALSE } } private Trit nor(Trit that) { this.or(that).not() } Trit and(Trit that) { this.nand(that).not() } Trit or(Trit that) { this.not().nand(that.not()) } Trit not() { this.nand(this) } Trit imply(Trit that) { this.nand(that.not()) } Trit equiv(Trit that) { this.and(that).or(this.nor(that)) } }
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Convert this Groovy snippet to Java and keep its semantics consistent.
enum Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE private Trit nand(Trit that) { switch ([this,that]) { case { FALSE in it }: return TRUE case { MAYBE in it }: return MAYBE default : return FALSE } } private Trit nor(Trit that) { this.or(that).not() } Trit and(Trit that) { this.nand(that).not() } Trit or(Trit that) { this.not().nand(that.not()) } Trit not() { this.nand(this) } Trit imply(Trit that) { this.nand(that.not()) } Trit equiv(Trit that) { this.and(that).or(this.nor(that)) } }
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Groovy to Python.
enum Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE private Trit nand(Trit that) { switch ([this,that]) { case { FALSE in it }: return TRUE case { MAYBE in it }: return MAYBE default : return FALSE } } private Trit nor(Trit that) { this.or(that).not() } Trit and(Trit that) { this.nand(that).not() } Trit or(Trit that) { this.not().nand(that.not()) } Trit not() { this.nand(this) } Trit imply(Trit that) { this.nand(that.not()) } Trit equiv(Trit that) { this.and(that).or(this.nor(that)) } }
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Write a version of this Groovy function in Go with identical behavior.
enum Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE private Trit nand(Trit that) { switch ([this,that]) { case { FALSE in it }: return TRUE case { MAYBE in it }: return MAYBE default : return FALSE } } private Trit nor(Trit that) { this.or(that).not() } Trit and(Trit that) { this.nand(that).not() } Trit or(Trit that) { this.not().nand(that.not()) } Trit not() { this.nand(this) } Trit imply(Trit that) { this.nand(that.not()) } Trit equiv(Trit that) { this.and(that).or(this.nor(that)) } }
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Haskell version.
import Prelude hiding (Bool(..), not, (&&), (||), (==)) main = mapM_ (putStrLn . unlines . map unwords) [ table "not" $ unary not , table "and" $ binary (&&) , table "or" $ binary (||) , table "implies" $ binary (=->) , table "equals" $ binary (==) ] data Trit = False | Maybe | True deriving (Show) False `nand` _ = True _ `nand` False = True True `nand` True = False _ `nand` _ = Maybe not a = nand a a a && b = not $ a `nand` b a || b = not a `nand` not b a =-> b = a `nand` not b a == b = (a && b) || (not a && not b) inputs1 = [True, Maybe, False] inputs2 = [(a,b) | a <- inputs1, b <- inputs1] unary f = map (\a -> [a, f a]) inputs1 binary f = map (\(a,b) -> [a, b, f a b]) inputs2 table name xs = map (map pad) . (header :) $ map (map show) xs where header = map (:[]) (take ((length $ head xs) - 1) ['A'..]) ++ [name] pad s = s ++ replicate (5 - length s) ' '
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C# instead of Haskell, keeping it the same logically?
import Prelude hiding (Bool(..), not, (&&), (||), (==)) main = mapM_ (putStrLn . unlines . map unwords) [ table "not" $ unary not , table "and" $ binary (&&) , table "or" $ binary (||) , table "implies" $ binary (=->) , table "equals" $ binary (==) ] data Trit = False | Maybe | True deriving (Show) False `nand` _ = True _ `nand` False = True True `nand` True = False _ `nand` _ = Maybe not a = nand a a a && b = not $ a `nand` b a || b = not a `nand` not b a =-> b = a `nand` not b a == b = (a && b) || (not a && not b) inputs1 = [True, Maybe, False] inputs2 = [(a,b) | a <- inputs1, b <- inputs1] unary f = map (\a -> [a, f a]) inputs1 binary f = map (\(a,b) -> [a, b, f a b]) inputs2 table name xs = map (map pad) . (header :) $ map (map show) xs where header = map (:[]) (take ((length $ head xs) - 1) ['A'..]) ++ [name] pad s = s ++ replicate (5 - length s) ' '
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Haskell code.
import Prelude hiding (Bool(..), not, (&&), (||), (==)) main = mapM_ (putStrLn . unlines . map unwords) [ table "not" $ unary not , table "and" $ binary (&&) , table "or" $ binary (||) , table "implies" $ binary (=->) , table "equals" $ binary (==) ] data Trit = False | Maybe | True deriving (Show) False `nand` _ = True _ `nand` False = True True `nand` True = False _ `nand` _ = Maybe not a = nand a a a && b = not $ a `nand` b a || b = not a `nand` not b a =-> b = a `nand` not b a == b = (a && b) || (not a && not b) inputs1 = [True, Maybe, False] inputs2 = [(a,b) | a <- inputs1, b <- inputs1] unary f = map (\a -> [a, f a]) inputs1 binary f = map (\(a,b) -> [a, b, f a b]) inputs2 table name xs = map (map pad) . (header :) $ map (map show) xs where header = map (:[]) (take ((length $ head xs) - 1) ['A'..]) ++ [name] pad s = s ++ replicate (5 - length s) ' '
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Java.
import Prelude hiding (Bool(..), not, (&&), (||), (==)) main = mapM_ (putStrLn . unlines . map unwords) [ table "not" $ unary not , table "and" $ binary (&&) , table "or" $ binary (||) , table "implies" $ binary (=->) , table "equals" $ binary (==) ] data Trit = False | Maybe | True deriving (Show) False `nand` _ = True _ `nand` False = True True `nand` True = False _ `nand` _ = Maybe not a = nand a a a && b = not $ a `nand` b a || b = not a `nand` not b a =-> b = a `nand` not b a == b = (a && b) || (not a && not b) inputs1 = [True, Maybe, False] inputs2 = [(a,b) | a <- inputs1, b <- inputs1] unary f = map (\a -> [a, f a]) inputs1 binary f = map (\(a,b) -> [a, b, f a b]) inputs2 table name xs = map (map pad) . (header :) $ map (map show) xs where header = map (:[]) (take ((length $ head xs) - 1) ['A'..]) ++ [name] pad s = s ++ replicate (5 - length s) ' '
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
import Prelude hiding (Bool(..), not, (&&), (||), (==)) main = mapM_ (putStrLn . unlines . map unwords) [ table "not" $ unary not , table "and" $ binary (&&) , table "or" $ binary (||) , table "implies" $ binary (=->) , table "equals" $ binary (==) ] data Trit = False | Maybe | True deriving (Show) False `nand` _ = True _ `nand` False = True True `nand` True = False _ `nand` _ = Maybe not a = nand a a a && b = not $ a `nand` b a || b = not a `nand` not b a =-> b = a `nand` not b a == b = (a && b) || (not a && not b) inputs1 = [True, Maybe, False] inputs2 = [(a,b) | a <- inputs1, b <- inputs1] unary f = map (\a -> [a, f a]) inputs1 binary f = map (\(a,b) -> [a, b, f a b]) inputs2 table name xs = map (map pad) . (header :) $ map (map show) xs where header = map (:[]) (take ((length $ head xs) - 1) ['A'..]) ++ [name] pad s = s ++ replicate (5 - length s) ' '
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Generate an equivalent Go version of this Haskell code.
import Prelude hiding (Bool(..), not, (&&), (||), (==)) main = mapM_ (putStrLn . unlines . map unwords) [ table "not" $ unary not , table "and" $ binary (&&) , table "or" $ binary (||) , table "implies" $ binary (=->) , table "equals" $ binary (==) ] data Trit = False | Maybe | True deriving (Show) False `nand` _ = True _ `nand` False = True True `nand` True = False _ `nand` _ = Maybe not a = nand a a a && b = not $ a `nand` b a || b = not a `nand` not b a =-> b = a `nand` not b a == b = (a && b) || (not a && not b) inputs1 = [True, Maybe, False] inputs2 = [(a,b) | a <- inputs1, b <- inputs1] unary f = map (\a -> [a, f a]) inputs1 binary f = map (\(a,b) -> [a, b, f a b]) inputs2 table name xs = map (map pad) . (header :) $ map (map show) xs where header = map (:[]) (take ((length $ head xs) - 1) ['A'..]) ++ [name] pad s = s ++ replicate (5 - length s) ' '
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Translate the given Icon code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
$define TRUE 1 $define FALSE -1 $define UNKNOWN 0 invocable all link printf procedure main() ufunc := ["not3"] bfunc := ["and3", "or3", "xor3", "eq3", "ifthen3"] every f := !ufunc do { printf("\nunary function=%s:\n",f) every t1 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do printf(" %s : %s\n",showtrit(t1),showtrit(not3(t1))) } every f := !bfunc do { printf("\nbinary function=%s:\n ",f) every t1 := (&null | TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do { printf(" %s : ",showtrit(\t1)) every t2 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN | &null) do { if /t1 then printf(" %s",showtrit(\t2)|"\n") else printf(" %s",showtrit(f(t1,\t2))|"\n") } } } end procedure showtrit(a) return case a of {TRUE:"T";FALSE:"F";UNKNOWN:"?";default:runerr(205,a)} end procedure istrit(a) return (TRUE|FALSE|UNKNOWN|runerr(205,a)) = a end procedure not3(a) return FALSE * istrit(a) end procedure and3(a,b) return min(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure or3(a,b) return max(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure eq3(a,b) return istrit(a) * istrit(b) end procedure ifthen3(a,b) return case istrit(a) of { TRUE: istrit(b) ; UNKNOWN: or3(a,b); FALSE: TRUE } end procedure xor3(a,b) return not3(eq3(a,b)) end
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Translate the given Icon code snippet into C# without altering its behavior.
$define TRUE 1 $define FALSE -1 $define UNKNOWN 0 invocable all link printf procedure main() ufunc := ["not3"] bfunc := ["and3", "or3", "xor3", "eq3", "ifthen3"] every f := !ufunc do { printf("\nunary function=%s:\n",f) every t1 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do printf(" %s : %s\n",showtrit(t1),showtrit(not3(t1))) } every f := !bfunc do { printf("\nbinary function=%s:\n ",f) every t1 := (&null | TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do { printf(" %s : ",showtrit(\t1)) every t2 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN | &null) do { if /t1 then printf(" %s",showtrit(\t2)|"\n") else printf(" %s",showtrit(f(t1,\t2))|"\n") } } } end procedure showtrit(a) return case a of {TRUE:"T";FALSE:"F";UNKNOWN:"?";default:runerr(205,a)} end procedure istrit(a) return (TRUE|FALSE|UNKNOWN|runerr(205,a)) = a end procedure not3(a) return FALSE * istrit(a) end procedure and3(a,b) return min(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure or3(a,b) return max(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure eq3(a,b) return istrit(a) * istrit(b) end procedure ifthen3(a,b) return case istrit(a) of { TRUE: istrit(b) ; UNKNOWN: or3(a,b); FALSE: TRUE } end procedure xor3(a,b) return not3(eq3(a,b)) end
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Transform the following Icon implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
$define TRUE 1 $define FALSE -1 $define UNKNOWN 0 invocable all link printf procedure main() ufunc := ["not3"] bfunc := ["and3", "or3", "xor3", "eq3", "ifthen3"] every f := !ufunc do { printf("\nunary function=%s:\n",f) every t1 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do printf(" %s : %s\n",showtrit(t1),showtrit(not3(t1))) } every f := !bfunc do { printf("\nbinary function=%s:\n ",f) every t1 := (&null | TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do { printf(" %s : ",showtrit(\t1)) every t2 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN | &null) do { if /t1 then printf(" %s",showtrit(\t2)|"\n") else printf(" %s",showtrit(f(t1,\t2))|"\n") } } } end procedure showtrit(a) return case a of {TRUE:"T";FALSE:"F";UNKNOWN:"?";default:runerr(205,a)} end procedure istrit(a) return (TRUE|FALSE|UNKNOWN|runerr(205,a)) = a end procedure not3(a) return FALSE * istrit(a) end procedure and3(a,b) return min(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure or3(a,b) return max(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure eq3(a,b) return istrit(a) * istrit(b) end procedure ifthen3(a,b) return case istrit(a) of { TRUE: istrit(b) ; UNKNOWN: or3(a,b); FALSE: TRUE } end procedure xor3(a,b) return not3(eq3(a,b)) end
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Write the same code in Java as shown below in Icon.
$define TRUE 1 $define FALSE -1 $define UNKNOWN 0 invocable all link printf procedure main() ufunc := ["not3"] bfunc := ["and3", "or3", "xor3", "eq3", "ifthen3"] every f := !ufunc do { printf("\nunary function=%s:\n",f) every t1 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do printf(" %s : %s\n",showtrit(t1),showtrit(not3(t1))) } every f := !bfunc do { printf("\nbinary function=%s:\n ",f) every t1 := (&null | TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do { printf(" %s : ",showtrit(\t1)) every t2 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN | &null) do { if /t1 then printf(" %s",showtrit(\t2)|"\n") else printf(" %s",showtrit(f(t1,\t2))|"\n") } } } end procedure showtrit(a) return case a of {TRUE:"T";FALSE:"F";UNKNOWN:"?";default:runerr(205,a)} end procedure istrit(a) return (TRUE|FALSE|UNKNOWN|runerr(205,a)) = a end procedure not3(a) return FALSE * istrit(a) end procedure and3(a,b) return min(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure or3(a,b) return max(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure eq3(a,b) return istrit(a) * istrit(b) end procedure ifthen3(a,b) return case istrit(a) of { TRUE: istrit(b) ; UNKNOWN: or3(a,b); FALSE: TRUE } end procedure xor3(a,b) return not3(eq3(a,b)) end
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Icon to Python.
$define TRUE 1 $define FALSE -1 $define UNKNOWN 0 invocable all link printf procedure main() ufunc := ["not3"] bfunc := ["and3", "or3", "xor3", "eq3", "ifthen3"] every f := !ufunc do { printf("\nunary function=%s:\n",f) every t1 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do printf(" %s : %s\n",showtrit(t1),showtrit(not3(t1))) } every f := !bfunc do { printf("\nbinary function=%s:\n ",f) every t1 := (&null | TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do { printf(" %s : ",showtrit(\t1)) every t2 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN | &null) do { if /t1 then printf(" %s",showtrit(\t2)|"\n") else printf(" %s",showtrit(f(t1,\t2))|"\n") } } } end procedure showtrit(a) return case a of {TRUE:"T";FALSE:"F";UNKNOWN:"?";default:runerr(205,a)} end procedure istrit(a) return (TRUE|FALSE|UNKNOWN|runerr(205,a)) = a end procedure not3(a) return FALSE * istrit(a) end procedure and3(a,b) return min(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure or3(a,b) return max(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure eq3(a,b) return istrit(a) * istrit(b) end procedure ifthen3(a,b) return case istrit(a) of { TRUE: istrit(b) ; UNKNOWN: or3(a,b); FALSE: TRUE } end procedure xor3(a,b) return not3(eq3(a,b)) end
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Produce a functionally identical Go code for the snippet given in Icon.
$define TRUE 1 $define FALSE -1 $define UNKNOWN 0 invocable all link printf procedure main() ufunc := ["not3"] bfunc := ["and3", "or3", "xor3", "eq3", "ifthen3"] every f := !ufunc do { printf("\nunary function=%s:\n",f) every t1 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do printf(" %s : %s\n",showtrit(t1),showtrit(not3(t1))) } every f := !bfunc do { printf("\nbinary function=%s:\n ",f) every t1 := (&null | TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN) do { printf(" %s : ",showtrit(\t1)) every t2 := (TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN | &null) do { if /t1 then printf(" %s",showtrit(\t2)|"\n") else printf(" %s",showtrit(f(t1,\t2))|"\n") } } } end procedure showtrit(a) return case a of {TRUE:"T";FALSE:"F";UNKNOWN:"?";default:runerr(205,a)} end procedure istrit(a) return (TRUE|FALSE|UNKNOWN|runerr(205,a)) = a end procedure not3(a) return FALSE * istrit(a) end procedure and3(a,b) return min(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure or3(a,b) return max(istrit(a),istrit(b)) end procedure eq3(a,b) return istrit(a) * istrit(b) end procedure ifthen3(a,b) return case istrit(a) of { TRUE: istrit(b) ; UNKNOWN: or3(a,b); FALSE: TRUE } end procedure xor3(a,b) return not3(eq3(a,b)) end
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Write a version of this J function in C with identical behavior.
not=: -. and=: <. or =: >. if =: (>. -.)"0~ eq =: (<.&-. >. <.)"0
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Change the following J code into C# without altering its purpose.
not=: -. and=: <. or =: >. if =: (>. -.)"0~ eq =: (<.&-. >. <.)"0
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Convert this J block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
not=: -. and=: <. or =: >. if =: (>. -.)"0~ eq =: (<.&-. >. <.)"0
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
not=: -. and=: <. or =: >. if =: (>. -.)"0~ eq =: (<.&-. >. <.)"0
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in J.
not=: -. and=: <. or =: >. if =: (>. -.)"0~ eq =: (<.&-. >. <.)"0
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original J snippet.
not=: -. and=: <. or =: >. if =: (>. -.)"0~ eq =: (<.&-. >. <.)"0
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Julia.
@enum Trit False Maybe True const trits = (False, Maybe, True) Base.:!(a::Trit) = a == False ? True : a == Maybe ? Maybe : False ∧(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ False ? False : Maybe ∨(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == False ? False : (a, b) ∋ True ? True : Maybe ⊃(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == False || b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : False ≡(a::Trit, b::Trit) = (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : a == b ? True : False println("Not (!):") println(join(@sprintf("%10s%s is %5s", "!", t, !t) for t in trits)) println("And (∧):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∧ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∧ b) for b in trits)) end println("Or (∨):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∨ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∨ b) for b in trits)) end println("If Then (⊃):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ⊃ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ⊃ b) for b in trits)) end println("Equivalent (≡):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ≡ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ≡ b) for b in trits)) end
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Write the same code in C# as shown below in Julia.
@enum Trit False Maybe True const trits = (False, Maybe, True) Base.:!(a::Trit) = a == False ? True : a == Maybe ? Maybe : False ∧(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ False ? False : Maybe ∨(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == False ? False : (a, b) ∋ True ? True : Maybe ⊃(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == False || b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : False ≡(a::Trit, b::Trit) = (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : a == b ? True : False println("Not (!):") println(join(@sprintf("%10s%s is %5s", "!", t, !t) for t in trits)) println("And (∧):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∧ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∧ b) for b in trits)) end println("Or (∨):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∨ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∨ b) for b in trits)) end println("If Then (⊃):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ⊃ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ⊃ b) for b in trits)) end println("Equivalent (≡):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ≡ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ≡ b) for b in trits)) end
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Translate the given Julia code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
@enum Trit False Maybe True const trits = (False, Maybe, True) Base.:!(a::Trit) = a == False ? True : a == Maybe ? Maybe : False ∧(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ False ? False : Maybe ∨(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == False ? False : (a, b) ∋ True ? True : Maybe ⊃(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == False || b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : False ≡(a::Trit, b::Trit) = (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : a == b ? True : False println("Not (!):") println(join(@sprintf("%10s%s is %5s", "!", t, !t) for t in trits)) println("And (∧):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∧ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∧ b) for b in trits)) end println("Or (∨):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∨ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∨ b) for b in trits)) end println("If Then (⊃):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ⊃ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ⊃ b) for b in trits)) end println("Equivalent (≡):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ≡ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ≡ b) for b in trits)) end
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Julia version.
@enum Trit False Maybe True const trits = (False, Maybe, True) Base.:!(a::Trit) = a == False ? True : a == Maybe ? Maybe : False ∧(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ False ? False : Maybe ∨(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == False ? False : (a, b) ∋ True ? True : Maybe ⊃(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == False || b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : False ≡(a::Trit, b::Trit) = (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : a == b ? True : False println("Not (!):") println(join(@sprintf("%10s%s is %5s", "!", t, !t) for t in trits)) println("And (∧):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∧ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∧ b) for b in trits)) end println("Or (∨):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∨ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∨ b) for b in trits)) end println("If Then (⊃):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ⊃ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ⊃ b) for b in trits)) end println("Equivalent (≡):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ≡ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ≡ b) for b in trits)) end
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Port the provided Julia code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
@enum Trit False Maybe True const trits = (False, Maybe, True) Base.:!(a::Trit) = a == False ? True : a == Maybe ? Maybe : False ∧(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ False ? False : Maybe ∨(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == False ? False : (a, b) ∋ True ? True : Maybe ⊃(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == False || b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : False ≡(a::Trit, b::Trit) = (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : a == b ? True : False println("Not (!):") println(join(@sprintf("%10s%s is %5s", "!", t, !t) for t in trits)) println("And (∧):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∧ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∧ b) for b in trits)) end println("Or (∨):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∨ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∨ b) for b in trits)) end println("If Then (⊃):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ⊃ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ⊃ b) for b in trits)) end println("Equivalent (≡):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ≡ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ≡ b) for b in trits)) end
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Convert this Julia block to Go, preserving its control flow and logic.
@enum Trit False Maybe True const trits = (False, Maybe, True) Base.:!(a::Trit) = a == False ? True : a == Maybe ? Maybe : False ∧(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ False ? False : Maybe ∨(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == b == False ? False : (a, b) ∋ True ? True : Maybe ⊃(a::Trit, b::Trit) = a == False || b == True ? True : (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : False ≡(a::Trit, b::Trit) = (a, b) ∋ Maybe ? Maybe : a == b ? True : False println("Not (!):") println(join(@sprintf("%10s%s is %5s", "!", t, !t) for t in trits)) println("And (∧):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∧ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∧ b) for b in trits)) end println("Or (∨):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ∨ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ∨ b) for b in trits)) end println("If Then (⊃):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ⊃ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ⊃ b) for b in trits)) end println("Equivalent (≡):") for a in trits println(join(@sprintf("%10s ≡ %5s is %5s", a, b, a ≡ b) for b in trits)) end
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Port the following code from Mathematica to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
Maybe /: ! Maybe = Maybe; Maybe /: (And | Or | Nand | Nor | Xor | Xnor | Implies | Equivalent)[Maybe, Maybe] = Maybe;
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Ensure the translated C# code behaves exactly like the original Mathematica snippet.
Maybe /: ! Maybe = Maybe; Maybe /: (And | Or | Nand | Nor | Xor | Xnor | Implies | Equivalent)[Maybe, Maybe] = Maybe;
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Mathematica version.
Maybe /: ! Maybe = Maybe; Maybe /: (And | Or | Nand | Nor | Xor | Xnor | Implies | Equivalent)[Maybe, Maybe] = Maybe;
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this Mathematica implementation.
Maybe /: ! Maybe = Maybe; Maybe /: (And | Or | Nand | Nor | Xor | Xnor | Implies | Equivalent)[Maybe, Maybe] = Maybe;
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Convert this Mathematica snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
Maybe /: ! Maybe = Maybe; Maybe /: (And | Or | Nand | Nor | Xor | Xnor | Implies | Equivalent)[Maybe, Maybe] = Maybe;
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original Mathematica code.
Maybe /: ! Maybe = Maybe; Maybe /: (And | Or | Nand | Nor | Xor | Xnor | Implies | Equivalent)[Maybe, Maybe] = Maybe;
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Convert this Nim snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
type Trit* = enum ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse proc `$`*(a: Trit): string = case a of ttrue: "T" of tmaybe: "?" of tfalse: "F" proc `not`*(a: Trit): Trit = case a of ttrue: tfalse of tmaybe: tmaybe of tfalse: ttrue proc `and`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tfalse, tfalse, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc `or`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc then*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] ] t[a][b] proc equiv*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [tfalse, tmaybe, ttrue] ] t[a][b] when isMainModule: import strutils for t in Trit: echo "Not ", t , ": ", not t for op1 in Trit: for op2 in Trit: echo "$ echo "$ echo "$ echo "$
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C#.
type Trit* = enum ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse proc `$`*(a: Trit): string = case a of ttrue: "T" of tmaybe: "?" of tfalse: "F" proc `not`*(a: Trit): Trit = case a of ttrue: tfalse of tmaybe: tmaybe of tfalse: ttrue proc `and`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tfalse, tfalse, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc `or`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc then*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] ] t[a][b] proc equiv*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [tfalse, tmaybe, ttrue] ] t[a][b] when isMainModule: import strutils for t in Trit: echo "Not ", t , ": ", not t for op1 in Trit: for op2 in Trit: echo "$ echo "$ echo "$ echo "$
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Write the same algorithm in C++ as shown in this Nim implementation.
type Trit* = enum ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse proc `$`*(a: Trit): string = case a of ttrue: "T" of tmaybe: "?" of tfalse: "F" proc `not`*(a: Trit): Trit = case a of ttrue: tfalse of tmaybe: tmaybe of tfalse: ttrue proc `and`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tfalse, tfalse, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc `or`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc then*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] ] t[a][b] proc equiv*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [tfalse, tmaybe, ttrue] ] t[a][b] when isMainModule: import strutils for t in Trit: echo "Not ", t , ": ", not t for op1 in Trit: for op2 in Trit: echo "$ echo "$ echo "$ echo "$
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Nim to Java without modifying what it does.
type Trit* = enum ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse proc `$`*(a: Trit): string = case a of ttrue: "T" of tmaybe: "?" of tfalse: "F" proc `not`*(a: Trit): Trit = case a of ttrue: tfalse of tmaybe: tmaybe of tfalse: ttrue proc `and`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tfalse, tfalse, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc `or`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc then*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] ] t[a][b] proc equiv*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [tfalse, tmaybe, ttrue] ] t[a][b] when isMainModule: import strutils for t in Trit: echo "Not ", t , ": ", not t for op1 in Trit: for op2 in Trit: echo "$ echo "$ echo "$ echo "$
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Nim.
type Trit* = enum ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse proc `$`*(a: Trit): string = case a of ttrue: "T" of tmaybe: "?" of tfalse: "F" proc `not`*(a: Trit): Trit = case a of ttrue: tfalse of tmaybe: tmaybe of tfalse: ttrue proc `and`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tfalse, tfalse, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc `or`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc then*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] ] t[a][b] proc equiv*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [tfalse, tmaybe, ttrue] ] t[a][b] when isMainModule: import strutils for t in Trit: echo "Not ", t , ": ", not t for op1 in Trit: for op2 in Trit: echo "$ echo "$ echo "$ echo "$
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Port the following code from Nim to Go with equivalent syntax and logic.
type Trit* = enum ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse proc `$`*(a: Trit): string = case a of ttrue: "T" of tmaybe: "?" of tfalse: "F" proc `not`*(a: Trit): Trit = case a of ttrue: tfalse of tmaybe: tmaybe of tfalse: ttrue proc `and`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tfalse, tfalse, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc `or`*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] ] t[a][b] proc then*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [ttrue, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [ttrue, ttrue, ttrue] ] t[a][b] proc equiv*(a, b: Trit): Trit = const t: array[Trit, array[Trit, Trit]] = [ [ttrue, tmaybe, tfalse] , [tmaybe, tmaybe, tmaybe] , [tfalse, tmaybe, ttrue] ] t[a][b] when isMainModule: import strutils for t in Trit: echo "Not ", t , ": ", not t for op1 in Trit: for op2 in Trit: echo "$ echo "$ echo "$ echo "$
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Convert the following code from OCaml to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
type trit = True | False | Maybe let t_not = function | True -> False | False -> True | Maybe -> Maybe let t_and a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) -> True | (False,_) | (_,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_or a b = t_not (t_and (t_not a) (t_not b)) let t_eq a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) | (False,False) -> True | (False,True) | (True,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_imply a b = t_or (t_not a) b let string_of_trit = function | True -> "True" | False -> "False" | Maybe -> "Maybe" let () = let values = [| True; Maybe; False |] in let f = string_of_trit in Array.iter (fun v -> Printf.printf "Not %s: %s\n" (f v) (f (t_not v))) values; print_newline (); let print op str = Array.iter (fun a -> Array.iter (fun b -> Printf.printf "%s %s %s: %s\n" (f a) str (f b) (f (op a b)) ) values ) values; print_newline () in print t_and "And"; print t_or "Or"; print t_imply "Then"; print t_eq "Equiv"; ;;
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Translate this program into C# but keep the logic exactly as in OCaml.
type trit = True | False | Maybe let t_not = function | True -> False | False -> True | Maybe -> Maybe let t_and a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) -> True | (False,_) | (_,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_or a b = t_not (t_and (t_not a) (t_not b)) let t_eq a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) | (False,False) -> True | (False,True) | (True,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_imply a b = t_or (t_not a) b let string_of_trit = function | True -> "True" | False -> "False" | Maybe -> "Maybe" let () = let values = [| True; Maybe; False |] in let f = string_of_trit in Array.iter (fun v -> Printf.printf "Not %s: %s\n" (f v) (f (t_not v))) values; print_newline (); let print op str = Array.iter (fun a -> Array.iter (fun b -> Printf.printf "%s %s %s: %s\n" (f a) str (f b) (f (op a b)) ) values ) values; print_newline () in print t_and "And"; print t_or "Or"; print t_imply "Then"; print t_eq "Equiv"; ;;
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Write a version of this OCaml function in C++ with identical behavior.
type trit = True | False | Maybe let t_not = function | True -> False | False -> True | Maybe -> Maybe let t_and a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) -> True | (False,_) | (_,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_or a b = t_not (t_and (t_not a) (t_not b)) let t_eq a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) | (False,False) -> True | (False,True) | (True,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_imply a b = t_or (t_not a) b let string_of_trit = function | True -> "True" | False -> "False" | Maybe -> "Maybe" let () = let values = [| True; Maybe; False |] in let f = string_of_trit in Array.iter (fun v -> Printf.printf "Not %s: %s\n" (f v) (f (t_not v))) values; print_newline (); let print op str = Array.iter (fun a -> Array.iter (fun b -> Printf.printf "%s %s %s: %s\n" (f a) str (f b) (f (op a b)) ) values ) values; print_newline () in print t_and "And"; print t_or "Or"; print t_imply "Then"; print t_eq "Equiv"; ;;
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Java.
type trit = True | False | Maybe let t_not = function | True -> False | False -> True | Maybe -> Maybe let t_and a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) -> True | (False,_) | (_,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_or a b = t_not (t_and (t_not a) (t_not b)) let t_eq a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) | (False,False) -> True | (False,True) | (True,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_imply a b = t_or (t_not a) b let string_of_trit = function | True -> "True" | False -> "False" | Maybe -> "Maybe" let () = let values = [| True; Maybe; False |] in let f = string_of_trit in Array.iter (fun v -> Printf.printf "Not %s: %s\n" (f v) (f (t_not v))) values; print_newline (); let print op str = Array.iter (fun a -> Array.iter (fun b -> Printf.printf "%s %s %s: %s\n" (f a) str (f b) (f (op a b)) ) values ) values; print_newline () in print t_and "And"; print t_or "Or"; print t_imply "Then"; print t_eq "Equiv"; ;;
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
type trit = True | False | Maybe let t_not = function | True -> False | False -> True | Maybe -> Maybe let t_and a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) -> True | (False,_) | (_,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_or a b = t_not (t_and (t_not a) (t_not b)) let t_eq a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) | (False,False) -> True | (False,True) | (True,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_imply a b = t_or (t_not a) b let string_of_trit = function | True -> "True" | False -> "False" | Maybe -> "Maybe" let () = let values = [| True; Maybe; False |] in let f = string_of_trit in Array.iter (fun v -> Printf.printf "Not %s: %s\n" (f v) (f (t_not v))) values; print_newline (); let print op str = Array.iter (fun a -> Array.iter (fun b -> Printf.printf "%s %s %s: %s\n" (f a) str (f b) (f (op a b)) ) values ) values; print_newline () in print t_and "And"; print t_or "Or"; print t_imply "Then"; print t_eq "Equiv"; ;;
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Convert the following code from OCaml to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
type trit = True | False | Maybe let t_not = function | True -> False | False -> True | Maybe -> Maybe let t_and a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) -> True | (False,_) | (_,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_or a b = t_not (t_and (t_not a) (t_not b)) let t_eq a b = match (a,b) with | (True,True) | (False,False) -> True | (False,True) | (True,False) -> False | _ -> Maybe let t_imply a b = t_or (t_not a) b let string_of_trit = function | True -> "True" | False -> "False" | Maybe -> "Maybe" let () = let values = [| True; Maybe; False |] in let f = string_of_trit in Array.iter (fun v -> Printf.printf "Not %s: %s\n" (f v) (f (t_not v))) values; print_newline (); let print op str = Array.iter (fun a -> Array.iter (fun b -> Printf.printf "%s %s %s: %s\n" (f a) str (f b) (f (op a b)) ) values ) values; print_newline () in print t_and "And"; print t_or "Or"; print t_imply "Then"; print t_eq "Equiv"; ;;
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Pascal to C.
unit ternarylogic; interface type trit = (tFalse=-1, tMaybe=0, tTrue=1); operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; implementation operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupAnd:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tFalse,tFalse), (tFalse,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue)); begin Result:= LookupAnd[a,b]; end; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupOr:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tTrue), (tTrue,tTrue,tTrue)); begin Result := LookUpOr[a,b]; end; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; const LookupNot:array[trit] of trit =(tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse); begin Result:= LookUpNot[a]; end; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; const LookupXor:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse)); begin Result := LookupXor[a,b]; end; operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not (a xor b); end; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not(a) or b; end; end.
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C# instead of Pascal, keeping it the same logically?
unit ternarylogic; interface type trit = (tFalse=-1, tMaybe=0, tTrue=1); operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; implementation operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupAnd:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tFalse,tFalse), (tFalse,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue)); begin Result:= LookupAnd[a,b]; end; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupOr:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tTrue), (tTrue,tTrue,tTrue)); begin Result := LookUpOr[a,b]; end; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; const LookupNot:array[trit] of trit =(tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse); begin Result:= LookUpNot[a]; end; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; const LookupXor:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse)); begin Result := LookupXor[a,b]; end; operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not (a xor b); end; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not(a) or b; end; end.
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Pascal version.
unit ternarylogic; interface type trit = (tFalse=-1, tMaybe=0, tTrue=1); operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; implementation operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupAnd:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tFalse,tFalse), (tFalse,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue)); begin Result:= LookupAnd[a,b]; end; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupOr:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tTrue), (tTrue,tTrue,tTrue)); begin Result := LookUpOr[a,b]; end; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; const LookupNot:array[trit] of trit =(tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse); begin Result:= LookUpNot[a]; end; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; const LookupXor:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse)); begin Result := LookupXor[a,b]; end; operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not (a xor b); end; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not(a) or b; end; end.
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Generate a Java translation of this Pascal snippet without changing its computational steps.
unit ternarylogic; interface type trit = (tFalse=-1, tMaybe=0, tTrue=1); operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; implementation operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupAnd:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tFalse,tFalse), (tFalse,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue)); begin Result:= LookupAnd[a,b]; end; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupOr:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tTrue), (tTrue,tTrue,tTrue)); begin Result := LookUpOr[a,b]; end; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; const LookupNot:array[trit] of trit =(tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse); begin Result:= LookUpNot[a]; end; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; const LookupXor:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse)); begin Result := LookupXor[a,b]; end; operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not (a xor b); end; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not(a) or b; end; end.
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Convert this Pascal snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
unit ternarylogic; interface type trit = (tFalse=-1, tMaybe=0, tTrue=1); operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; implementation operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupAnd:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tFalse,tFalse), (tFalse,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue)); begin Result:= LookupAnd[a,b]; end; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupOr:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tTrue), (tTrue,tTrue,tTrue)); begin Result := LookUpOr[a,b]; end; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; const LookupNot:array[trit] of trit =(tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse); begin Result:= LookUpNot[a]; end; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; const LookupXor:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse)); begin Result := LookupXor[a,b]; end; operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not (a xor b); end; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not(a) or b; end; end.
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Change the following Pascal code into Go without altering its purpose.
unit ternarylogic; interface type trit = (tFalse=-1, tMaybe=0, tTrue=1); operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; implementation operator and (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupAnd:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tFalse,tFalse), (tFalse,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue)); begin Result:= LookupAnd[a,b]; end; operator or (const a,b:trit):trit;inline; const lookupOr:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tTrue), (tTrue,tTrue,tTrue)); begin Result := LookUpOr[a,b]; end; operator not (const a:trit):trit;inline; const LookupNot:array[trit] of trit =(tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse); begin Result:= LookUpNot[a]; end; operator xor (const a,b:trit):trit; const LookupXor:array[trit,trit] of trit = ((tFalse,tMaybe,tTrue), (tMaybe,tMaybe,tMaybe), (tTrue,tMaybe,tFalse)); begin Result := LookupXor[a,b]; end; operator * (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not (a xor b); end; operator >< (const a,b:trit):trit; begin result := not(a) or b; end; end.
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Perl snippet.
use v5.36; package Trit; use List::Util qw(min max); our @ISA = qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(%E); my %E = (true => 1, false => -1, maybe => 0); use overload '<=>' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, 'cmp' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, '==' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a == $$b }, 'eq' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $a->equiv($b) }, '>' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a > $E{$b} }, '<' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a < $E{$b} }, '>=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a >= $$b }, '<=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a <= $$b }, '|' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->or($b) }, '&' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->and($b) }, '!' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->not() }, '~' => sub ($a,$,$,$,$) { $a->not() }, 'neg' => sub ($a,$,$) { -$$a }, '""' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tostr() }, '0+' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tonum() }, ; sub eqv ($a,$b) { $$a == $E{maybe} || $E{$b} == $E{maybe} ? $E{maybe} : $$a == $E{false} && $E{$b} == $E{false} ? $E{true} : min $$a, $E{$b} } sub new ($class, $v) { my $value = ! defined $v ? $E{maybe} : $v =~ /true/ ? $E{true} : $v =~ /false/ ? $E{false} : $v =~ /maybe/ ? $E{maybe} : $v gt $E{maybe} ? $E{true} : $v lt $E{maybe} ? $E{false} : $E{maybe} ; bless \$value, $class; } sub tostr ($a) { $$a > $E{maybe} ? 'true' : $$a < $E{maybe} ? 'false' : 'maybe' } sub tonum ($a) { $$a } sub not ($a) { Trit->new( -$a ) } sub cmp ($a,$b) { Trit->new( $a <=> $b ) } sub and ($a,$b) { Trit->new( min $a, $b ) } sub or ($a,$b) { Trit->new( max $a, $b ) } sub equiv ($a,$b) { Trit->new( eqv $a, $b ) } package main; Trit->import; my @a = ( Trit->new($E{true}), Trit->new($E{maybe}), Trit->new($E{false}) ); printf "Codes for logic values: %6s = %d %6s = %d %6s = %d\n", @a[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]; say "\na\tNOT a"; print "$_\t".(!$_)."\n" for @a; say "\nAND\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a & $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nOR\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a | $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nEQV\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a eq $_) for @a; say '' } say "\n==\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a == $_) for @a; say '' }
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C# while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Perl version.
use v5.36; package Trit; use List::Util qw(min max); our @ISA = qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(%E); my %E = (true => 1, false => -1, maybe => 0); use overload '<=>' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, 'cmp' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, '==' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a == $$b }, 'eq' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $a->equiv($b) }, '>' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a > $E{$b} }, '<' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a < $E{$b} }, '>=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a >= $$b }, '<=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a <= $$b }, '|' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->or($b) }, '&' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->and($b) }, '!' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->not() }, '~' => sub ($a,$,$,$,$) { $a->not() }, 'neg' => sub ($a,$,$) { -$$a }, '""' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tostr() }, '0+' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tonum() }, ; sub eqv ($a,$b) { $$a == $E{maybe} || $E{$b} == $E{maybe} ? $E{maybe} : $$a == $E{false} && $E{$b} == $E{false} ? $E{true} : min $$a, $E{$b} } sub new ($class, $v) { my $value = ! defined $v ? $E{maybe} : $v =~ /true/ ? $E{true} : $v =~ /false/ ? $E{false} : $v =~ /maybe/ ? $E{maybe} : $v gt $E{maybe} ? $E{true} : $v lt $E{maybe} ? $E{false} : $E{maybe} ; bless \$value, $class; } sub tostr ($a) { $$a > $E{maybe} ? 'true' : $$a < $E{maybe} ? 'false' : 'maybe' } sub tonum ($a) { $$a } sub not ($a) { Trit->new( -$a ) } sub cmp ($a,$b) { Trit->new( $a <=> $b ) } sub and ($a,$b) { Trit->new( min $a, $b ) } sub or ($a,$b) { Trit->new( max $a, $b ) } sub equiv ($a,$b) { Trit->new( eqv $a, $b ) } package main; Trit->import; my @a = ( Trit->new($E{true}), Trit->new($E{maybe}), Trit->new($E{false}) ); printf "Codes for logic values: %6s = %d %6s = %d %6s = %d\n", @a[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]; say "\na\tNOT a"; print "$_\t".(!$_)."\n" for @a; say "\nAND\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a & $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nOR\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a | $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nEQV\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a eq $_) for @a; say '' } say "\n==\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a == $_) for @a; say '' }
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Perl.
use v5.36; package Trit; use List::Util qw(min max); our @ISA = qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(%E); my %E = (true => 1, false => -1, maybe => 0); use overload '<=>' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, 'cmp' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, '==' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a == $$b }, 'eq' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $a->equiv($b) }, '>' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a > $E{$b} }, '<' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a < $E{$b} }, '>=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a >= $$b }, '<=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a <= $$b }, '|' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->or($b) }, '&' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->and($b) }, '!' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->not() }, '~' => sub ($a,$,$,$,$) { $a->not() }, 'neg' => sub ($a,$,$) { -$$a }, '""' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tostr() }, '0+' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tonum() }, ; sub eqv ($a,$b) { $$a == $E{maybe} || $E{$b} == $E{maybe} ? $E{maybe} : $$a == $E{false} && $E{$b} == $E{false} ? $E{true} : min $$a, $E{$b} } sub new ($class, $v) { my $value = ! defined $v ? $E{maybe} : $v =~ /true/ ? $E{true} : $v =~ /false/ ? $E{false} : $v =~ /maybe/ ? $E{maybe} : $v gt $E{maybe} ? $E{true} : $v lt $E{maybe} ? $E{false} : $E{maybe} ; bless \$value, $class; } sub tostr ($a) { $$a > $E{maybe} ? 'true' : $$a < $E{maybe} ? 'false' : 'maybe' } sub tonum ($a) { $$a } sub not ($a) { Trit->new( -$a ) } sub cmp ($a,$b) { Trit->new( $a <=> $b ) } sub and ($a,$b) { Trit->new( min $a, $b ) } sub or ($a,$b) { Trit->new( max $a, $b ) } sub equiv ($a,$b) { Trit->new( eqv $a, $b ) } package main; Trit->import; my @a = ( Trit->new($E{true}), Trit->new($E{maybe}), Trit->new($E{false}) ); printf "Codes for logic values: %6s = %d %6s = %d %6s = %d\n", @a[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]; say "\na\tNOT a"; print "$_\t".(!$_)."\n" for @a; say "\nAND\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a & $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nOR\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a | $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nEQV\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a eq $_) for @a; say '' } say "\n==\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a == $_) for @a; say '' }
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Generate an equivalent Java version of this Perl code.
use v5.36; package Trit; use List::Util qw(min max); our @ISA = qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(%E); my %E = (true => 1, false => -1, maybe => 0); use overload '<=>' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, 'cmp' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, '==' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a == $$b }, 'eq' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $a->equiv($b) }, '>' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a > $E{$b} }, '<' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a < $E{$b} }, '>=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a >= $$b }, '<=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a <= $$b }, '|' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->or($b) }, '&' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->and($b) }, '!' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->not() }, '~' => sub ($a,$,$,$,$) { $a->not() }, 'neg' => sub ($a,$,$) { -$$a }, '""' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tostr() }, '0+' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tonum() }, ; sub eqv ($a,$b) { $$a == $E{maybe} || $E{$b} == $E{maybe} ? $E{maybe} : $$a == $E{false} && $E{$b} == $E{false} ? $E{true} : min $$a, $E{$b} } sub new ($class, $v) { my $value = ! defined $v ? $E{maybe} : $v =~ /true/ ? $E{true} : $v =~ /false/ ? $E{false} : $v =~ /maybe/ ? $E{maybe} : $v gt $E{maybe} ? $E{true} : $v lt $E{maybe} ? $E{false} : $E{maybe} ; bless \$value, $class; } sub tostr ($a) { $$a > $E{maybe} ? 'true' : $$a < $E{maybe} ? 'false' : 'maybe' } sub tonum ($a) { $$a } sub not ($a) { Trit->new( -$a ) } sub cmp ($a,$b) { Trit->new( $a <=> $b ) } sub and ($a,$b) { Trit->new( min $a, $b ) } sub or ($a,$b) { Trit->new( max $a, $b ) } sub equiv ($a,$b) { Trit->new( eqv $a, $b ) } package main; Trit->import; my @a = ( Trit->new($E{true}), Trit->new($E{maybe}), Trit->new($E{false}) ); printf "Codes for logic values: %6s = %d %6s = %d %6s = %d\n", @a[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]; say "\na\tNOT a"; print "$_\t".(!$_)."\n" for @a; say "\nAND\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a & $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nOR\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a | $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nEQV\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a eq $_) for @a; say '' } say "\n==\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a == $_) for @a; say '' }
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Translate the given Perl code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
use v5.36; package Trit; use List::Util qw(min max); our @ISA = qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(%E); my %E = (true => 1, false => -1, maybe => 0); use overload '<=>' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, 'cmp' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, '==' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a == $$b }, 'eq' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $a->equiv($b) }, '>' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a > $E{$b} }, '<' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a < $E{$b} }, '>=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a >= $$b }, '<=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a <= $$b }, '|' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->or($b) }, '&' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->and($b) }, '!' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->not() }, '~' => sub ($a,$,$,$,$) { $a->not() }, 'neg' => sub ($a,$,$) { -$$a }, '""' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tostr() }, '0+' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tonum() }, ; sub eqv ($a,$b) { $$a == $E{maybe} || $E{$b} == $E{maybe} ? $E{maybe} : $$a == $E{false} && $E{$b} == $E{false} ? $E{true} : min $$a, $E{$b} } sub new ($class, $v) { my $value = ! defined $v ? $E{maybe} : $v =~ /true/ ? $E{true} : $v =~ /false/ ? $E{false} : $v =~ /maybe/ ? $E{maybe} : $v gt $E{maybe} ? $E{true} : $v lt $E{maybe} ? $E{false} : $E{maybe} ; bless \$value, $class; } sub tostr ($a) { $$a > $E{maybe} ? 'true' : $$a < $E{maybe} ? 'false' : 'maybe' } sub tonum ($a) { $$a } sub not ($a) { Trit->new( -$a ) } sub cmp ($a,$b) { Trit->new( $a <=> $b ) } sub and ($a,$b) { Trit->new( min $a, $b ) } sub or ($a,$b) { Trit->new( max $a, $b ) } sub equiv ($a,$b) { Trit->new( eqv $a, $b ) } package main; Trit->import; my @a = ( Trit->new($E{true}), Trit->new($E{maybe}), Trit->new($E{false}) ); printf "Codes for logic values: %6s = %d %6s = %d %6s = %d\n", @a[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]; say "\na\tNOT a"; print "$_\t".(!$_)."\n" for @a; say "\nAND\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a & $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nOR\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a | $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nEQV\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a eq $_) for @a; say '' } say "\n==\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a == $_) for @a; say '' }
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Perl to Go, same semantics.
use v5.36; package Trit; use List::Util qw(min max); our @ISA = qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(%E); my %E = (true => 1, false => -1, maybe => 0); use overload '<=>' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, 'cmp' => sub ($a,$b) { $a->cmp($b) }, '==' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a == $$b }, 'eq' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $a->equiv($b) }, '>' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a > $E{$b} }, '<' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a < $E{$b} }, '>=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a >= $$b }, '<=' => sub ($a,$b,$) { $$a <= $$b }, '|' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->or($b) }, '&' => sub ($a,$b,$,$,$) { $a->and($b) }, '!' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->not() }, '~' => sub ($a,$,$,$,$) { $a->not() }, 'neg' => sub ($a,$,$) { -$$a }, '""' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tostr() }, '0+' => sub ($a,$,$) { $a->tonum() }, ; sub eqv ($a,$b) { $$a == $E{maybe} || $E{$b} == $E{maybe} ? $E{maybe} : $$a == $E{false} && $E{$b} == $E{false} ? $E{true} : min $$a, $E{$b} } sub new ($class, $v) { my $value = ! defined $v ? $E{maybe} : $v =~ /true/ ? $E{true} : $v =~ /false/ ? $E{false} : $v =~ /maybe/ ? $E{maybe} : $v gt $E{maybe} ? $E{true} : $v lt $E{maybe} ? $E{false} : $E{maybe} ; bless \$value, $class; } sub tostr ($a) { $$a > $E{maybe} ? 'true' : $$a < $E{maybe} ? 'false' : 'maybe' } sub tonum ($a) { $$a } sub not ($a) { Trit->new( -$a ) } sub cmp ($a,$b) { Trit->new( $a <=> $b ) } sub and ($a,$b) { Trit->new( min $a, $b ) } sub or ($a,$b) { Trit->new( max $a, $b ) } sub equiv ($a,$b) { Trit->new( eqv $a, $b ) } package main; Trit->import; my @a = ( Trit->new($E{true}), Trit->new($E{maybe}), Trit->new($E{false}) ); printf "Codes for logic values: %6s = %d %6s = %d %6s = %d\n", @a[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]; say "\na\tNOT a"; print "$_\t".(!$_)."\n" for @a; say "\nAND\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a & $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nOR\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a | $_) for @a; say '' } say "\nEQV\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a eq $_) for @a; say '' } say "\n==\t" . join("\t",@a); for my $a (@a) { print $a; print "\t" . ($a == $_) for @a; say '' }
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Racket to C.
#lang typed/racket (define-type trit (U 'true 'false 'maybe)) (: not (trit -> trit)) (define (not a) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])) (: and (trit trit -> trit)) (define (and a b) (case a [(false) 'false] [(maybe) (case b [(false) 'false] [else 'maybe])] [(true) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: or (trit trit -> trit)) (define (or a b) (case a [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case b [(true) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: ifthen (trit trit -> trit)) (define (ifthen a b) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case a [(false) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])])) (: iff (trit trit -> trit)) (define (iff a b) (case a [(maybe) 'maybe] [(true) b] [(false) (not b)])) (for: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a = ~a~n" (object-name not) a (not a))) (for: : Void ([proc (in-list (list and or ifthen iff))]) (for*: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))] [b (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a ~a = ~a~n" a (object-name proc) b (proc a b))))
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C# as shown in this Racket implementation.
#lang typed/racket (define-type trit (U 'true 'false 'maybe)) (: not (trit -> trit)) (define (not a) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])) (: and (trit trit -> trit)) (define (and a b) (case a [(false) 'false] [(maybe) (case b [(false) 'false] [else 'maybe])] [(true) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: or (trit trit -> trit)) (define (or a b) (case a [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case b [(true) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: ifthen (trit trit -> trit)) (define (ifthen a b) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case a [(false) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])])) (: iff (trit trit -> trit)) (define (iff a b) (case a [(maybe) 'maybe] [(true) b] [(false) (not b)])) (for: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a = ~a~n" (object-name not) a (not a))) (for: : Void ([proc (in-list (list and or ifthen iff))]) (for*: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))] [b (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a ~a = ~a~n" a (object-name proc) b (proc a b))))
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Write a version of this Racket function in C++ with identical behavior.
#lang typed/racket (define-type trit (U 'true 'false 'maybe)) (: not (trit -> trit)) (define (not a) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])) (: and (trit trit -> trit)) (define (and a b) (case a [(false) 'false] [(maybe) (case b [(false) 'false] [else 'maybe])] [(true) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: or (trit trit -> trit)) (define (or a b) (case a [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case b [(true) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: ifthen (trit trit -> trit)) (define (ifthen a b) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case a [(false) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])])) (: iff (trit trit -> trit)) (define (iff a b) (case a [(maybe) 'maybe] [(true) b] [(false) (not b)])) (for: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a = ~a~n" (object-name not) a (not a))) (for: : Void ([proc (in-list (list and or ifthen iff))]) (for*: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))] [b (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a ~a = ~a~n" a (object-name proc) b (proc a b))))
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Write a version of this Racket function in Java with identical behavior.
#lang typed/racket (define-type trit (U 'true 'false 'maybe)) (: not (trit -> trit)) (define (not a) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])) (: and (trit trit -> trit)) (define (and a b) (case a [(false) 'false] [(maybe) (case b [(false) 'false] [else 'maybe])] [(true) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: or (trit trit -> trit)) (define (or a b) (case a [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case b [(true) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: ifthen (trit trit -> trit)) (define (ifthen a b) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case a [(false) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])])) (: iff (trit trit -> trit)) (define (iff a b) (case a [(maybe) 'maybe] [(true) b] [(false) (not b)])) (for: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a = ~a~n" (object-name not) a (not a))) (for: : Void ([proc (in-list (list and or ifthen iff))]) (for*: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))] [b (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a ~a = ~a~n" a (object-name proc) b (proc a b))))
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Write a version of this Racket function in Python with identical behavior.
#lang typed/racket (define-type trit (U 'true 'false 'maybe)) (: not (trit -> trit)) (define (not a) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])) (: and (trit trit -> trit)) (define (and a b) (case a [(false) 'false] [(maybe) (case b [(false) 'false] [else 'maybe])] [(true) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: or (trit trit -> trit)) (define (or a b) (case a [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case b [(true) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: ifthen (trit trit -> trit)) (define (ifthen a b) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case a [(false) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])])) (: iff (trit trit -> trit)) (define (iff a b) (case a [(maybe) 'maybe] [(true) b] [(false) (not b)])) (for: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a = ~a~n" (object-name not) a (not a))) (for: : Void ([proc (in-list (list and or ifthen iff))]) (for*: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))] [b (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a ~a = ~a~n" a (object-name proc) b (proc a b))))
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Please provide an equivalent version of this Racket code in Go.
#lang typed/racket (define-type trit (U 'true 'false 'maybe)) (: not (trit -> trit)) (define (not a) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])) (: and (trit trit -> trit)) (define (and a b) (case a [(false) 'false] [(maybe) (case b [(false) 'false] [else 'maybe])] [(true) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: or (trit trit -> trit)) (define (or a b) (case a [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case b [(true) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'false])])) (: ifthen (trit trit -> trit)) (define (ifthen a b) (case b [(true) 'true] [(maybe) (case a [(false) 'true] [else 'maybe])] [(false) (case a [(true) 'false] [(maybe) 'maybe] [(false) 'true])])) (: iff (trit trit -> trit)) (define (iff a b) (case a [(maybe) 'maybe] [(true) b] [(false) (not b)])) (for: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a = ~a~n" (object-name not) a (not a))) (for: : Void ([proc (in-list (list and or ifthen iff))]) (for*: : Void ([a (in-list '(true maybe false))] [b (in-list '(true maybe false))]) (printf "~a ~a ~a = ~a~n" a (object-name proc) b (proc a b))))
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in REXX.
tritValues = .array~of(.trit~true, .trit~false, .trit~maybe) tab = '09'x say "not operation (\)" loop a over tritValues say "\"a":" (\a) end say say "and operation (&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" & "bb":" (aa&bb)) end end say say "or operation (|)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" | "bb":" (aa|bb)) end end say say "implies operation (&&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" && "bb":" (aa&&bb)) end end say say "equals operation (=)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" = "bb":" (aa=bb)) end end ::class trit -- making this a private method so we can control the creation -- of these. We only allow 3 instances to exist ::method new class private forward class(super) ::method init class expose true false maybe -- delayed creation true = .nil false = .nil maybe = .nil -- read only attribute access to the instances. -- these methods create the appropriate singleton on the first call ::attribute true class get expose true if true == .nil then true = self~new("True") return true ::attribute false class get expose false if false == .nil then false = self~new("False") return false ::attribute maybe class get expose maybe if maybe == .nil then maybe = self~new("Maybe") return maybe -- create an instance ::method init expose value use arg value -- string method to return the value of the instance ::method string expose value return value -- "and" method using the operator overload ::method "&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~false then return .trit~false else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~false -- "or" method using the operator overload ::method "|" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return .trit~true else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return other -- implies method...using the XOR operator for this ::method "&&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~true -- "not" method using the operator overload ::method "\" if self == .trit~true then return .trit~false else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return .trit~true -- "equals" using the "=" override. This makes a distinction between -- the "==" operator, which is real equality and the "=" operator, which -- is trinary equality. ::method "=" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return \other
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Convert this REXX block to C#, preserving its control flow and logic.
tritValues = .array~of(.trit~true, .trit~false, .trit~maybe) tab = '09'x say "not operation (\)" loop a over tritValues say "\"a":" (\a) end say say "and operation (&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" & "bb":" (aa&bb)) end end say say "or operation (|)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" | "bb":" (aa|bb)) end end say say "implies operation (&&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" && "bb":" (aa&&bb)) end end say say "equals operation (=)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" = "bb":" (aa=bb)) end end ::class trit -- making this a private method so we can control the creation -- of these. We only allow 3 instances to exist ::method new class private forward class(super) ::method init class expose true false maybe -- delayed creation true = .nil false = .nil maybe = .nil -- read only attribute access to the instances. -- these methods create the appropriate singleton on the first call ::attribute true class get expose true if true == .nil then true = self~new("True") return true ::attribute false class get expose false if false == .nil then false = self~new("False") return false ::attribute maybe class get expose maybe if maybe == .nil then maybe = self~new("Maybe") return maybe -- create an instance ::method init expose value use arg value -- string method to return the value of the instance ::method string expose value return value -- "and" method using the operator overload ::method "&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~false then return .trit~false else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~false -- "or" method using the operator overload ::method "|" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return .trit~true else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return other -- implies method...using the XOR operator for this ::method "&&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~true -- "not" method using the operator overload ::method "\" if self == .trit~true then return .trit~false else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return .trit~true -- "equals" using the "=" override. This makes a distinction between -- the "==" operator, which is real equality and the "=" operator, which -- is trinary equality. ::method "=" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return \other
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from REXX to C++, same semantics.
tritValues = .array~of(.trit~true, .trit~false, .trit~maybe) tab = '09'x say "not operation (\)" loop a over tritValues say "\"a":" (\a) end say say "and operation (&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" & "bb":" (aa&bb)) end end say say "or operation (|)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" | "bb":" (aa|bb)) end end say say "implies operation (&&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" && "bb":" (aa&&bb)) end end say say "equals operation (=)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" = "bb":" (aa=bb)) end end ::class trit -- making this a private method so we can control the creation -- of these. We only allow 3 instances to exist ::method new class private forward class(super) ::method init class expose true false maybe -- delayed creation true = .nil false = .nil maybe = .nil -- read only attribute access to the instances. -- these methods create the appropriate singleton on the first call ::attribute true class get expose true if true == .nil then true = self~new("True") return true ::attribute false class get expose false if false == .nil then false = self~new("False") return false ::attribute maybe class get expose maybe if maybe == .nil then maybe = self~new("Maybe") return maybe -- create an instance ::method init expose value use arg value -- string method to return the value of the instance ::method string expose value return value -- "and" method using the operator overload ::method "&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~false then return .trit~false else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~false -- "or" method using the operator overload ::method "|" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return .trit~true else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return other -- implies method...using the XOR operator for this ::method "&&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~true -- "not" method using the operator overload ::method "\" if self == .trit~true then return .trit~false else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return .trit~true -- "equals" using the "=" override. This makes a distinction between -- the "==" operator, which is real equality and the "=" operator, which -- is trinary equality. ::method "=" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return \other
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Port the provided REXX code into Java while preserving the original functionality.
tritValues = .array~of(.trit~true, .trit~false, .trit~maybe) tab = '09'x say "not operation (\)" loop a over tritValues say "\"a":" (\a) end say say "and operation (&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" & "bb":" (aa&bb)) end end say say "or operation (|)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" | "bb":" (aa|bb)) end end say say "implies operation (&&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" && "bb":" (aa&&bb)) end end say say "equals operation (=)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" = "bb":" (aa=bb)) end end ::class trit -- making this a private method so we can control the creation -- of these. We only allow 3 instances to exist ::method new class private forward class(super) ::method init class expose true false maybe -- delayed creation true = .nil false = .nil maybe = .nil -- read only attribute access to the instances. -- these methods create the appropriate singleton on the first call ::attribute true class get expose true if true == .nil then true = self~new("True") return true ::attribute false class get expose false if false == .nil then false = self~new("False") return false ::attribute maybe class get expose maybe if maybe == .nil then maybe = self~new("Maybe") return maybe -- create an instance ::method init expose value use arg value -- string method to return the value of the instance ::method string expose value return value -- "and" method using the operator overload ::method "&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~false then return .trit~false else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~false -- "or" method using the operator overload ::method "|" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return .trit~true else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return other -- implies method...using the XOR operator for this ::method "&&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~true -- "not" method using the operator overload ::method "\" if self == .trit~true then return .trit~false else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return .trit~true -- "equals" using the "=" override. This makes a distinction between -- the "==" operator, which is real equality and the "=" operator, which -- is trinary equality. ::method "=" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return \other
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this REXX code in Python.
tritValues = .array~of(.trit~true, .trit~false, .trit~maybe) tab = '09'x say "not operation (\)" loop a over tritValues say "\"a":" (\a) end say say "and operation (&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" & "bb":" (aa&bb)) end end say say "or operation (|)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" | "bb":" (aa|bb)) end end say say "implies operation (&&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" && "bb":" (aa&&bb)) end end say say "equals operation (=)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" = "bb":" (aa=bb)) end end ::class trit -- making this a private method so we can control the creation -- of these. We only allow 3 instances to exist ::method new class private forward class(super) ::method init class expose true false maybe -- delayed creation true = .nil false = .nil maybe = .nil -- read only attribute access to the instances. -- these methods create the appropriate singleton on the first call ::attribute true class get expose true if true == .nil then true = self~new("True") return true ::attribute false class get expose false if false == .nil then false = self~new("False") return false ::attribute maybe class get expose maybe if maybe == .nil then maybe = self~new("Maybe") return maybe -- create an instance ::method init expose value use arg value -- string method to return the value of the instance ::method string expose value return value -- "and" method using the operator overload ::method "&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~false then return .trit~false else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~false -- "or" method using the operator overload ::method "|" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return .trit~true else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return other -- implies method...using the XOR operator for this ::method "&&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~true -- "not" method using the operator overload ::method "\" if self == .trit~true then return .trit~false else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return .trit~true -- "equals" using the "=" override. This makes a distinction between -- the "==" operator, which is real equality and the "=" operator, which -- is trinary equality. ::method "=" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return \other
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Convert the following code from REXX to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
tritValues = .array~of(.trit~true, .trit~false, .trit~maybe) tab = '09'x say "not operation (\)" loop a over tritValues say "\"a":" (\a) end say say "and operation (&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" & "bb":" (aa&bb)) end end say say "or operation (|)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" | "bb":" (aa|bb)) end end say say "implies operation (&&)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" && "bb":" (aa&&bb)) end end say say "equals operation (=)" loop aa over tritValues loop bb over tritValues say (aa" = "bb":" (aa=bb)) end end ::class trit -- making this a private method so we can control the creation -- of these. We only allow 3 instances to exist ::method new class private forward class(super) ::method init class expose true false maybe -- delayed creation true = .nil false = .nil maybe = .nil -- read only attribute access to the instances. -- these methods create the appropriate singleton on the first call ::attribute true class get expose true if true == .nil then true = self~new("True") return true ::attribute false class get expose false if false == .nil then false = self~new("False") return false ::attribute maybe class get expose maybe if maybe == .nil then maybe = self~new("Maybe") return maybe -- create an instance ::method init expose value use arg value -- string method to return the value of the instance ::method string expose value return value -- "and" method using the operator overload ::method "&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~false then return .trit~false else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~false -- "or" method using the operator overload ::method "|" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return .trit~true else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return other -- implies method...using the XOR operator for this ::method "&&" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then do if other == .trit~true then return .trit~true else return .trit~maybe end else return .trit~true -- "not" method using the operator overload ::method "\" if self == .trit~true then return .trit~false else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return .trit~true -- "equals" using the "=" override. This makes a distinction between -- the "==" operator, which is real equality and the "=" operator, which -- is trinary equality. ::method "=" use strict arg other if self == .trit~true then return other else if self == .trit~maybe then return .trit~maybe else return \other
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Generate a C translation of this Ruby snippet without changing its computational steps.
require 'singleton' class MaybeClass include Singleton def to_s; "maybe"; end end MAYBE = MaybeClass.instance class TrueClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 0; end def !; false; end def & other; other; end def | other; true; end def ^ other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end def == other; other; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class MaybeClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 1; end def !; MAYBE; end def & other; [MAYBE, MAYBE, false][other.trit.index]; end def | other; [true, MAYBE, MAYBE][other.trit.index]; end def ^ other; MAYBE; end def == other; MAYBE; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class FalseClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 2; end def !; true; end def & other; false; end def | other; other; end def ^ other; other; end def == other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Transform the following Ruby implementation into C#, maintaining the same output and logic.
require 'singleton' class MaybeClass include Singleton def to_s; "maybe"; end end MAYBE = MaybeClass.instance class TrueClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 0; end def !; false; end def & other; other; end def | other; true; end def ^ other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end def == other; other; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class MaybeClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 1; end def !; MAYBE; end def & other; [MAYBE, MAYBE, false][other.trit.index]; end def | other; [true, MAYBE, MAYBE][other.trit.index]; end def ^ other; MAYBE; end def == other; MAYBE; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class FalseClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 2; end def !; true; end def & other; false; end def | other; other; end def ^ other; other; end def == other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Ruby, keeping it the same logically?
require 'singleton' class MaybeClass include Singleton def to_s; "maybe"; end end MAYBE = MaybeClass.instance class TrueClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 0; end def !; false; end def & other; other; end def | other; true; end def ^ other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end def == other; other; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class MaybeClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 1; end def !; MAYBE; end def & other; [MAYBE, MAYBE, false][other.trit.index]; end def | other; [true, MAYBE, MAYBE][other.trit.index]; end def ^ other; MAYBE; end def == other; MAYBE; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class FalseClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 2; end def !; true; end def & other; false; end def | other; other; end def ^ other; other; end def == other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Change the following Ruby code into Java without altering its purpose.
require 'singleton' class MaybeClass include Singleton def to_s; "maybe"; end end MAYBE = MaybeClass.instance class TrueClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 0; end def !; false; end def & other; other; end def | other; true; end def ^ other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end def == other; other; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class MaybeClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 1; end def !; MAYBE; end def & other; [MAYBE, MAYBE, false][other.trit.index]; end def | other; [true, MAYBE, MAYBE][other.trit.index]; end def ^ other; MAYBE; end def == other; MAYBE; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class FalseClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 2; end def !; true; end def & other; false; end def | other; other; end def ^ other; other; end def == other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Ruby code.
require 'singleton' class MaybeClass include Singleton def to_s; "maybe"; end end MAYBE = MaybeClass.instance class TrueClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 0; end def !; false; end def & other; other; end def | other; true; end def ^ other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end def == other; other; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class MaybeClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 1; end def !; MAYBE; end def & other; [MAYBE, MAYBE, false][other.trit.index]; end def | other; [true, MAYBE, MAYBE][other.trit.index]; end def ^ other; MAYBE; end def == other; MAYBE; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class FalseClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 2; end def !; true; end def & other; false; end def | other; other; end def ^ other; other; end def == other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Convert this Ruby block to Go, preserving its control flow and logic.
require 'singleton' class MaybeClass include Singleton def to_s; "maybe"; end end MAYBE = MaybeClass.instance class TrueClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 0; end def !; false; end def & other; other; end def | other; true; end def ^ other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end def == other; other; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class MaybeClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 1; end def !; MAYBE; end def & other; [MAYBE, MAYBE, false][other.trit.index]; end def | other; [true, MAYBE, MAYBE][other.trit.index]; end def ^ other; MAYBE; end def == other; MAYBE; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end class FalseClass TritMagic = Object.new class << TritMagic def index; 2; end def !; true; end def & other; false; end def | other; other; end def ^ other; other; end def == other; [false, MAYBE, true][other.trit.index]; end end def trit; TritMagic; end end
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Scala implementation.
enum class Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; operator fun not() = when (this) { TRUE -> FALSE MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun and(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == FALSE) FALSE else MAYBE FALSE -> FALSE } infix fun or(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> TRUE MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> other } infix fun imp(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun eqv(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> !other } override fun toString() = this.name[0].toString() } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val ta = arrayOf(Trit.TRUE, Trit.MAYBE, Trit.FALSE) println("not") println("-------") for (t in ta) println(" $t | ${!t}") println() println("and | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t and tt} ") println() } println() println("or | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t or tt} ") println() } println() println("imp | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t imp tt} ") println() } println() println("eqv | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t eqv tt} ") println() } }
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Scala to C#, same semantics.
enum class Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; operator fun not() = when (this) { TRUE -> FALSE MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun and(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == FALSE) FALSE else MAYBE FALSE -> FALSE } infix fun or(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> TRUE MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> other } infix fun imp(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun eqv(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> !other } override fun toString() = this.name[0].toString() } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val ta = arrayOf(Trit.TRUE, Trit.MAYBE, Trit.FALSE) println("not") println("-------") for (t in ta) println(" $t | ${!t}") println() println("and | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t and tt} ") println() } println() println("or | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t or tt} ") println() } println() println("imp | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t imp tt} ") println() } println() println("eqv | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t eqv tt} ") println() } }
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Change the following Scala code into C++ without altering its purpose.
enum class Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; operator fun not() = when (this) { TRUE -> FALSE MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun and(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == FALSE) FALSE else MAYBE FALSE -> FALSE } infix fun or(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> TRUE MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> other } infix fun imp(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun eqv(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> !other } override fun toString() = this.name[0].toString() } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val ta = arrayOf(Trit.TRUE, Trit.MAYBE, Trit.FALSE) println("not") println("-------") for (t in ta) println(" $t | ${!t}") println() println("and | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t and tt} ") println() } println() println("or | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t or tt} ") println() } println() println("imp | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t imp tt} ") println() } println() println("eqv | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t eqv tt} ") println() } }
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Scala to Java, same semantics.
enum class Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; operator fun not() = when (this) { TRUE -> FALSE MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun and(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == FALSE) FALSE else MAYBE FALSE -> FALSE } infix fun or(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> TRUE MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> other } infix fun imp(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun eqv(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> !other } override fun toString() = this.name[0].toString() } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val ta = arrayOf(Trit.TRUE, Trit.MAYBE, Trit.FALSE) println("not") println("-------") for (t in ta) println(" $t | ${!t}") println() println("and | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t and tt} ") println() } println() println("or | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t or tt} ") println() } println() println("imp | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t imp tt} ") println() } println() println("eqv | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t eqv tt} ") println() } }
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Scala implementation.
enum class Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; operator fun not() = when (this) { TRUE -> FALSE MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun and(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == FALSE) FALSE else MAYBE FALSE -> FALSE } infix fun or(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> TRUE MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> other } infix fun imp(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun eqv(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> !other } override fun toString() = this.name[0].toString() } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val ta = arrayOf(Trit.TRUE, Trit.MAYBE, Trit.FALSE) println("not") println("-------") for (t in ta) println(" $t | ${!t}") println() println("and | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t and tt} ") println() } println() println("or | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t or tt} ") println() } println() println("imp | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t imp tt} ") println() } println() println("eqv | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t eqv tt} ") println() } }
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original Scala code.
enum class Trit { TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; operator fun not() = when (this) { TRUE -> FALSE MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun and(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == FALSE) FALSE else MAYBE FALSE -> FALSE } infix fun or(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> TRUE MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> other } infix fun imp(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> if (other == TRUE) TRUE else MAYBE FALSE -> TRUE } infix fun eqv(other: Trit) = when (this) { TRUE -> other MAYBE -> MAYBE FALSE -> !other } override fun toString() = this.name[0].toString() } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val ta = arrayOf(Trit.TRUE, Trit.MAYBE, Trit.FALSE) println("not") println("-------") for (t in ta) println(" $t | ${!t}") println() println("and | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t and tt} ") println() } println() println("or | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t or tt} ") println() } println() println("imp | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t imp tt} ") println() } println() println("eqv | T M F") println("-------------") for (t in ta) { print(" $t | ") for (tt in ta) print("${t eqv tt} ") println() } }
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Tcl version.
package require Tcl 8.5 namespace eval ternary { proc maketable {name count values} { set sep "" for {set i 0; set c 97} {$i<$count} {incr i;incr c} { set v [format "%c" $c] lappend args $v; append key $sep "$" $v set sep "," } foreach row [split $values \n] { if {[llength $row]>1} { lassign $row from to lappend table $from [list return $to] } } proc $name $args \ [list ckargs $args]\;[concat [list switch -glob --] $key [list $table]] namespace export $name } proc ckargs argList { foreach var $argList { upvar 1 $var v switch -exact -- $v { true - maybe - false { continue } default { return -level 2 -code error "bad ternary value \"$v\"" } } } } maketable not 1 { true false maybe maybe false true } maketable and 2 { true,true true false,* false *,false false * maybe } maketable or 2 { true,* true *,true true false,false false * maybe } maketable implies 2 { false,* true *,true true true,false false * maybe } maketable equiv 2 { *,maybe maybe maybe,* maybe true,true true false,false true * false } }
#include <stdio.h> typedef enum { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE } trit; trit tritNot[3] = {TRITFALSE , TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE}; trit tritAnd[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, {TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritOr[3][3] = { {TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, {TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE} }; trit tritThen[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE, TRITTRUE } }; trit tritEquiv[3][3] = { { TRITTRUE, TRITMAYBE, TRITFALSE}, { TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE, TRITMAYBE}, { TRITFALSE, TRITMAYBE, TRITTRUE } }; const char* tritString[3] = {"T", "?", "F"}; void demo_binary_op(trit operator[3][3], const char* name) { trit operand1 = TRITTRUE; trit operand2 = TRITTRUE; printf("\n"); for( operand1 = TRITTRUE; operand1 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand1 ) { for( operand2 = TRITTRUE; operand2 <= TRITFALSE; ++operand2 ) { printf("%s %s %s: %s\n", tritString[operand1], name, tritString[operand2], tritString[operator[operand1][operand2]]); } } } int main() { trit op1 = TRITTRUE; trit op2 = TRITTRUE; for( op1 = TRITTRUE; op1 <= TRITFALSE; ++op1 ) { printf("Not %s: %s\n", tritString[op1], tritString[tritNot[op1]]); } demo_binary_op(tritAnd, "And"); demo_binary_op(tritOr, "Or"); demo_binary_op(tritThen, "Then"); demo_binary_op(tritEquiv, "Equiv"); return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C# code for the snippet given in Tcl.
package require Tcl 8.5 namespace eval ternary { proc maketable {name count values} { set sep "" for {set i 0; set c 97} {$i<$count} {incr i;incr c} { set v [format "%c" $c] lappend args $v; append key $sep "$" $v set sep "," } foreach row [split $values \n] { if {[llength $row]>1} { lassign $row from to lappend table $from [list return $to] } } proc $name $args \ [list ckargs $args]\;[concat [list switch -glob --] $key [list $table]] namespace export $name } proc ckargs argList { foreach var $argList { upvar 1 $var v switch -exact -- $v { true - maybe - false { continue } default { return -level 2 -code error "bad ternary value \"$v\"" } } } } maketable not 1 { true false maybe maybe false true } maketable and 2 { true,true true false,* false *,false false * maybe } maketable or 2 { true,* true *,true true false,false false * maybe } maketable implies 2 { false,* true *,true true true,false false * maybe } maketable equiv 2 { *,maybe maybe maybe,* maybe true,true true false,false true * false } }
using System; public static class NullableBoolExtension { public static bool? Implies(this bool? left, bool? right) { return !left | right; } public static bool? IsEquivalentTo(this bool? left, bool? right) { return left.HasValue && right.HasValue ? left == right : default(bool?); } public static string Format(this bool? value) { return value.HasValue ? value.Value.ToString() : "Maybe"; } } public class Program { private static void Main() { var values = new[] { true, default(bool?), false }; foreach (var left in values) { Console.WriteLine("¬{0} = {1}", left.Format(), (!left).Format()); foreach (var right in values) { Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left & right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), (left | right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} → {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.Implies(right).Format()); Console.WriteLine("{0} ≡ {1} = {2}", left.Format(), right.Format(), left.IsEquivalentTo(right).Format()); } } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Tcl code in C++.
package require Tcl 8.5 namespace eval ternary { proc maketable {name count values} { set sep "" for {set i 0; set c 97} {$i<$count} {incr i;incr c} { set v [format "%c" $c] lappend args $v; append key $sep "$" $v set sep "," } foreach row [split $values \n] { if {[llength $row]>1} { lassign $row from to lappend table $from [list return $to] } } proc $name $args \ [list ckargs $args]\;[concat [list switch -glob --] $key [list $table]] namespace export $name } proc ckargs argList { foreach var $argList { upvar 1 $var v switch -exact -- $v { true - maybe - false { continue } default { return -level 2 -code error "bad ternary value \"$v\"" } } } } maketable not 1 { true false maybe maybe false true } maketable and 2 { true,true true false,* false *,false false * maybe } maketable or 2 { true,* true *,true true false,false false * maybe } maketable implies 2 { false,* true *,true true true,false false * maybe } maketable equiv 2 { *,maybe maybe maybe,* maybe true,true true false,false true * false } }
#include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> class trit { public: static const trit False, Maybe, True; trit operator !() const { return static_cast<Value>(-value); } trit operator &&(const trit &b) const { return (value < b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator ||(const trit &b) const { return (value > b.value) ? value : b.value; } trit operator >>(const trit &b) const { return -value > b.value ? static_cast<Value>(-value) : b.value; } trit operator ==(const trit &b) const { return static_cast<Value>(value * b.value); } char chr() const { return "F?T"[value + 1]; } protected: typedef enum { FALSE=-1, MAYBE, TRUE } Value; Value value; trit(const Value value) : value(value) { } }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const trit &t) { os << t.chr(); return os; } const trit trit::False = trit(trit::FALSE); const trit trit::Maybe = trit(trit::MAYBE); const trit trit::True = trit(trit::TRUE); int main(int, char**) { const trit trits[3] = { trit::True, trit::Maybe, trit::False }; #define for_each(name) \ for (size_t name=0; name<3; ++name) #define show_op(op) \ std::cout << std::endl << #op << " "; \ for_each(a) std::cout << ' ' << trits[a]; \ std::cout << std::endl << " -------"; \ for_each(a) { \ std::cout << std::endl << trits[a] << " |"; \ for_each(b) std::cout << ' ' << (trits[a] op trits[b]); \ } \ std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "! ----" << std::endl; for_each(a) std::cout << trits[a] << " | " << !trits[a] << std::endl; show_op(&&); show_op(||); show_op(>>); show_op(==); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Convert this Tcl block to Java, preserving its control flow and logic.
package require Tcl 8.5 namespace eval ternary { proc maketable {name count values} { set sep "" for {set i 0; set c 97} {$i<$count} {incr i;incr c} { set v [format "%c" $c] lappend args $v; append key $sep "$" $v set sep "," } foreach row [split $values \n] { if {[llength $row]>1} { lassign $row from to lappend table $from [list return $to] } } proc $name $args \ [list ckargs $args]\;[concat [list switch -glob --] $key [list $table]] namespace export $name } proc ckargs argList { foreach var $argList { upvar 1 $var v switch -exact -- $v { true - maybe - false { continue } default { return -level 2 -code error "bad ternary value \"$v\"" } } } } maketable not 1 { true false maybe maybe false true } maketable and 2 { true,true true false,* false *,false false * maybe } maketable or 2 { true,* true *,true true false,false false * maybe } maketable implies 2 { false,* true *,true true true,false false * maybe } maketable equiv 2 { *,maybe maybe maybe,* maybe true,true true false,false true * false } }
public class Logic{ public static enum Trit{ TRUE, MAYBE, FALSE; public Trit and(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == FALSE) ? FALSE : MAYBE; }else{ return FALSE; } } public Trit or(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return TRUE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return other; } } public Trit tIf(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return (other == TRUE) ? TRUE : MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit not(){ if(this == TRUE){ return FALSE; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return TRUE; } } public Trit equals(Trit other){ if(this == TRUE){ return other; }else if(this == MAYBE){ return MAYBE; }else{ return other.not(); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ System.out.println("not " + a + ": " + a.not()); } for(Trit a:Trit.values()){ for(Trit b:Trit.values()){ System.out.println(a+" and "+b+": "+a.and(b)+ "\t "+a+" or "+b+": "+a.or(b)+ "\t "+a+" implies "+b+": "+a.tIf(b)+ "\t "+a+" = "+b+": "+a.equals(b)); } } } }
Write a version of this Tcl function in Python with identical behavior.
package require Tcl 8.5 namespace eval ternary { proc maketable {name count values} { set sep "" for {set i 0; set c 97} {$i<$count} {incr i;incr c} { set v [format "%c" $c] lappend args $v; append key $sep "$" $v set sep "," } foreach row [split $values \n] { if {[llength $row]>1} { lassign $row from to lappend table $from [list return $to] } } proc $name $args \ [list ckargs $args]\;[concat [list switch -glob --] $key [list $table]] namespace export $name } proc ckargs argList { foreach var $argList { upvar 1 $var v switch -exact -- $v { true - maybe - false { continue } default { return -level 2 -code error "bad ternary value \"$v\"" } } } } maketable not 1 { true false maybe maybe false true } maketable and 2 { true,true true false,* false *,false false * maybe } maketable or 2 { true,* true *,true true false,false false * maybe } maketable implies 2 { false,* true *,true true true,false false * maybe } maketable equiv 2 { *,maybe maybe maybe,* maybe true,true true false,false true * false } }
class Trit(int): def __new__(cls, value): if value == 'TRUE': value = 1 elif value == 'FALSE': value = 0 elif value == 'MAYBE': value = -1 return super(Trit, cls).__new__(cls, value // (abs(value) or 1)) def __repr__(self): if self > 0: return 'TRUE' elif self == 0: return 'FALSE' return 'MAYBE' def __str__(self): return repr(self) def __bool__(self): if self > 0: return True elif self == 0: return False else: raise ValueError("invalid literal for bool(): '%s'" % self) def __or__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __ror__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][1] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][1] except: return NotImplemented def __and__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __rand__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][0] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][0] except: return NotImplemented def __xor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __rxor__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Trit): return _ttable[(self, other)][2] else: try: return _ttable[(self, Trit(bool(other)))][2] except: return NotImplemented def __invert__(self): return _ttable[self] def __getattr__(self, name): if name in ('_n', 'flip'): return _ttable[self] else: raise AttributeError TRUE, FALSE, MAYBE = Trit(1), Trit(0), Trit(-1) _ttable = { TRUE: FALSE, FALSE: TRUE, MAYBE: MAYBE, (MAYBE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, FALSE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (MAYBE, TRUE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), (FALSE, MAYBE): (FALSE, MAYBE, MAYBE), (FALSE, FALSE): (FALSE, FALSE, FALSE), (FALSE, TRUE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, MAYBE): (MAYBE, TRUE, MAYBE), ( TRUE, FALSE): (FALSE, TRUE, TRUE), ( TRUE, TRUE): ( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE), } values = ('FALSE', 'TRUE ', 'MAYBE') print("\nTrit logical inverse, '~'") for a in values: expr = '~%s' % a print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr))) for op, ophelp in (('&', 'and'), ('|', 'or'), ('^', 'exclusive-or')): print("\nTrit logical %s, '%s'" % (ophelp, op)) for a in values: for b in values: expr = '%s %s %s' % (a, op, b) print(' %s = %s' % (expr, eval(expr)))
Change the programming language of this snippet from Tcl to Go without modifying what it does.
package require Tcl 8.5 namespace eval ternary { proc maketable {name count values} { set sep "" for {set i 0; set c 97} {$i<$count} {incr i;incr c} { set v [format "%c" $c] lappend args $v; append key $sep "$" $v set sep "," } foreach row [split $values \n] { if {[llength $row]>1} { lassign $row from to lappend table $from [list return $to] } } proc $name $args \ [list ckargs $args]\;[concat [list switch -glob --] $key [list $table]] namespace export $name } proc ckargs argList { foreach var $argList { upvar 1 $var v switch -exact -- $v { true - maybe - false { continue } default { return -level 2 -code error "bad ternary value \"$v\"" } } } } maketable not 1 { true false maybe maybe false true } maketable and 2 { true,true true false,* false *,false false * maybe } maketable or 2 { true,* true *,true true false,false false * maybe } maketable implies 2 { false,* true *,true true true,false false * maybe } maketable equiv 2 { *,maybe maybe maybe,* maybe true,true true false,false true * false } }
package main import "fmt" type trit int8 const ( trFalse trit = iota - 1 trMaybe trTrue ) func (t trit) String() string { switch t { case trFalse: return "False" case trMaybe: return "Maybe" case trTrue: return "True " } panic("Invalid trit") } func trNot(t trit) trit { return -t } func trAnd(s, t trit) trit { if s < t { return s } return t } func trOr(s, t trit) trit { if s > t { return s } return t } func trEq(s, t trit) trit { return s * t } func main() { trSet := []trit{trFalse, trMaybe, trTrue} fmt.Println("t not t") for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(t, trNot(t)) } fmt.Println("\ns t s and t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trAnd(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s or t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trOr(s, t)) } } fmt.Println("\ns t s eq t") for _, s := range trSet { for _, t := range trSet { fmt.Println(s, t, trEq(s, t)) } } }
Translate the given Rust code snippet into PHP without altering its behavior.
use std::{ops, fmt}; #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)] enum Trit { True, Maybe, False, } impl ops::Not for Trit { type Output = Self; fn not(self) -> Self { match self { Trit::True => Trit::False, Trit::Maybe => Trit::Maybe, Trit::False => Trit::True, } } } impl ops::BitAnd for Trit { type Output = Self; fn bitand(self, other: Self) -> Self { match (self, other) { (Trit::True, Trit::True) => Trit::True, (Trit::False, _) | (_, Trit::False) => Trit::False, _ => Trit::Maybe, } } } impl ops::BitOr for Trit { type Output = Self; fn bitor(self, other: Self) -> Self { match (self, other) { (Trit::True, _) | (_, Trit::True) => Trit::True, (Trit::False, Trit::False) => Trit::False, _ => Trit::Maybe, } } } impl Trit { fn imp(self, other: Self) -> Self { match self { Trit::True => other, Trit::Maybe => { if let Trit::True = other { Trit::True } else { Trit::Maybe } } Trit::False => Trit::True, } } fn eqv(self, other: Self) -> Self { match self { Trit::True => other, Trit::Maybe => Trit::Maybe, Trit::False => !other, } } } impl fmt::Display for Trit { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { write!( f, "{}", match self { Trit::True => 'T', Trit::Maybe => 'M', Trit::False => 'F', } ) } } static TRITS: [Trit; 3] = [Trit::True, Trit::Maybe, Trit::False]; fn main() { println!("not"); println!("-------"); for &t in &TRITS { println!(" {} | {}", t, !t); } table("and", |a, b| a & b); table("or", |a, b| a | b); table("imp", |a, b| a.imp(b)); table("eqv", |a, b| a.eqv(b)); } fn table(title: &str, f: impl Fn(Trit, Trit) -> Trit) { println!(); println!("{:3} | T M F", title); println!("-------------"); for &t1 in &TRITS { print!(" {} | ", t1); for &t2 in &TRITS { print!("{} ", f(t1, t2)); } println!(); } }
#!/usr/bin/php <?php # defined as numbers, so I can use max() and min() on it if (! define('triFalse',0)) trigger_error('Unknown error defining!', E_USER_ERROR); if (! define('triMaybe',1)) trigger_error('Unknown error defining!', E_USER_ERROR); if (! define('triTrue', 2)) trigger_error('Unknown error defining!', E_USER_ERROR); $triNotarray = array(triFalse=>triTrue, triMaybe=>triMaybe, triTrue=>triFalse); # output helper function triString ($tri) { if ($tri===triFalse) return 'false '; if ($tri===triMaybe) return 'unknown'; if ($tri===triTrue) return 'true '; trigger_error('triString: parameter not a tri value', E_USER_ERROR); } function triAnd() { if (func_num_args() < 2) trigger_error('triAnd needs 2 or more parameters', E_USER_ERROR); return min(func_get_args()); } function triOr() { if (func_num_args() < 2) trigger_error('triOr needs 2 or more parameters', E_USER_ERROR); return max(func_get_args()); } function triNot($t) { global $triNotarray; # using result table if (in_array($t, $triNotarray)) return $triNotarray[$t]; trigger_error('triNot: Parameter is not a tri value', E_USER_ERROR); } function triImplies($a, $b) { if ($a===triFalse || $b===triTrue) return triTrue; if ($a===triMaybe || $b===triMaybe) return triMaybe; # without parameter type check I just would return triFalse here if ($a===triTrue && $b===triFalse) return triFalse; trigger_error('triImplies: parameter type error', E_USER_ERROR); } function triEquiv($a, $b) { if ($a===triTrue) return $b; if ($a===triMaybe) return $a; if ($a===triFalse) return triNot($b); trigger_error('triEquiv: parameter type error', E_USER_ERROR); } # data sampling printf("--- Sample output for a equivalent b ---\n\n"); foreach ([triTrue,triMaybe,triFalse] as $a) { foreach ([triTrue,triMaybe,triFalse] as $b) { printf("for a=%s and b=%s a equivalent b is %s\n", triString($a), triString($b), triString(triEquiv($a, $b))); } }