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Rewrite the snippet below in Java so it works the same as the original C code.
#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> long totient(long n){ long tot = n,i; for(i=2;i*i<=n;i+=2){ if(n%i==0){ while(n%i==0) n/=i; tot-=tot/i; } if(i==2) i=1; } if(n>1) tot-=tot/n; return tot; } long* perfectTotients(long n){ long *ptList = (long*)malloc(n*sizeof(long)), m,count=0,sum,tot; for(m=1;count<n;m++){ tot = m; sum = 0; while(tot != 1){ tot = totient(tot); sum += tot; } if(sum == m) ptList[count++] = m; } return ptList; } long main(long argC, char* argV[]) { long *ptList,i,n; if(argC!=2) printf("Usage : %s <number of perfect Totient numbers required>",argV[0]); else{ n = atoi(argV[1]); ptList = perfectTotients(n); printf("The first %d perfect Totient numbers are : \n[",n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) printf(" %d,",ptList[i]); printf("\b]"); } return 0; }
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class PerfectTotientNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { computePhi(); int n = 20; System.out.printf("The first %d perfect totient numbers:%n%s%n", n, perfectTotient(n)); } private static final List<Integer> perfectTotient(int n) { int test = 2; List<Integer> results = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; test++ ) { int phiLoop = test; int sum = 0; do { phiLoop = phi[phiLoop]; sum += phiLoop; } while ( phiLoop > 1); if ( sum == test ) { i++; results.add(test); } } return results; } private static final int max = 100000; private static final int[] phi = new int[max+1]; private static final void computePhi() { for ( int i = 1 ; i <= max ; i++ ) { phi[i] = i; } for ( int i = 2 ; i <= max ; i++ ) { if (phi[i] < i) continue; for ( int j = i ; j <= max ; j += i ) { phi[j] -= phi[j] / i; } } } }
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> typedef const char * (*Responder)( int p1); typedef struct sDelegate { Responder operation; } *Delegate; Delegate NewDelegate( Responder rspndr ) { Delegate dl = malloc(sizeof(struct sDelegate)); dl->operation = rspndr; return dl; } const char *DelegateThing(Delegate dl, int p1) { return (dl->operation)? (*dl->operation)(p1) : NULL; } typedef struct sDelegator { int param; char *phrase; Delegate delegate; } *Delegator; const char * defaultResponse( int p1) { return "default implementation"; } static struct sDelegate defaultDel = { &defaultResponse }; Delegator NewDelegator( int p, char *phrase) { Delegator d = malloc(sizeof(struct sDelegator)); d->param = p; d->phrase = phrase; d->delegate = &defaultDel; return d; } const char *Delegator_Operation( Delegator theDelegator, int p1, Delegate delroy) { const char *rtn; if (delroy) { rtn = DelegateThing(delroy, p1); if (!rtn) { rtn = DelegateThing(theDelegator->delegate, p1); } } else rtn = DelegateThing(theDelegator->delegate, p1); printf("%s\n", theDelegator->phrase ); return rtn; } const char *thing1( int p1) { printf("We're in thing1 with value %d\n" , p1); return "delegate implementation"; } int main() { Delegate del1 = NewDelegate(&thing1); Delegate del2 = NewDelegate(NULL); Delegator theDelegator = NewDelegator( 14, "A stellar vista, Baby."); printf("Delegator returns %s\n\n", Delegator_Operation( theDelegator, 3, NULL)); printf("Delegator returns %s\n\n", Delegator_Operation( theDelegator, 3, del1)); printf("Delegator returns %s\n\n", Delegator_Operation( theDelegator, 3, del2)); return 0; }
interface Thingable { String thing(); } class Delegator { public Thingable delegate; public String operation() { if (delegate == null) return "default implementation"; else return delegate.thing(); } } class Delegate implements Thingable { public String thing() { return "delegate implementation"; } } public class DelegateExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Delegator a = new Delegator(); assert a.operation().equals("default implementation"); Delegate d = new Delegate(); a.delegate = d; assert a.operation().equals("delegate implementation"); a.delegate = new Thingable() { public String thing() { return "anonymous delegate implementation"; } }; assert a.operation().equals("anonymous delegate implementation"); } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> unsigned int divisor_sum(unsigned int n) { unsigned int total = 1, power = 2; unsigned int p; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { total += power; } for (p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { unsigned int sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { sum += power; } total *= sum; } if (n > 1) { total *= n + 1; } return total; } int main() { const unsigned int limit = 100; unsigned int n; printf("Sum of divisors for the first %d positive integers:\n", limit); for (n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) { printf("%4d", divisor_sum(n)); if (n % 10 == 0) { printf("\n"); } } return 0; }
public class DivisorSum { private static long divisorSum(long n) { var total = 1L; var power = 2L; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { total += power; } for (long p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { long sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { sum += power; } total *= sum; } if (n > 1) { total *= n + 1; } return total; } public static void main(String[] args) { final long limit = 100; System.out.printf("Sum of divisors for the first %d positive integers:%n", limit); for (long n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) { System.out.printf("%4d", divisorSum(n)); if (n % 10 == 0) { System.out.println(); } } } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> unsigned int divisor_sum(unsigned int n) { unsigned int total = 1, power = 2; unsigned int p; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { total += power; } for (p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { unsigned int sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { sum += power; } total *= sum; } if (n > 1) { total *= n + 1; } return total; } int main() { const unsigned int limit = 100; unsigned int n; printf("Sum of divisors for the first %d positive integers:\n", limit); for (n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) { printf("%4d", divisor_sum(n)); if (n % 10 == 0) { printf("\n"); } } return 0; }
public class DivisorSum { private static long divisorSum(long n) { var total = 1L; var power = 2L; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { total += power; } for (long p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { long sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { sum += power; } total *= sum; } if (n > 1) { total *= n + 1; } return total; } public static void main(String[] args) { final long limit = 100; System.out.printf("Sum of divisors for the first %d positive integers:%n", limit); for (long n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) { System.out.printf("%4d", divisorSum(n)); if (n % 10 == 0) { System.out.println(); } } } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> unsigned int divisor_sum(unsigned int n) { unsigned int total = 1, power = 2; unsigned int p; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { total += power; } for (p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { unsigned int sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { sum += power; } total *= sum; } if (n > 1) { total *= n + 1; } return total; } int main() { const unsigned int limit = 100; unsigned int n; printf("Sum of divisors for the first %d positive integers:\n", limit); for (n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) { printf("%4d", divisor_sum(n)); if (n % 10 == 0) { printf("\n"); } } return 0; }
public class DivisorSum { private static long divisorSum(long n) { var total = 1L; var power = 2L; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { total += power; } for (long p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { long sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { sum += power; } total *= sum; } if (n > 1) { total *= n + 1; } return total; } public static void main(String[] args) { final long limit = 100; System.out.printf("Sum of divisors for the first %d positive integers:%n", limit); for (long n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) { System.out.printf("%4d", divisorSum(n)); if (n % 10 == 0) { System.out.println(); } } } }
Convert this C block to Java, preserving its control flow and logic.
#include <ctype.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> const char* command_table = "Add ALTer BAckup Bottom CAppend Change SCHANGE CInsert CLAst COMPress COpy " "COUnt COVerlay CURsor DELete CDelete Down DUPlicate Xedit EXPand EXTract Find " "NFind NFINDUp NFUp CFind FINdup FUp FOrward GET Help HEXType Input POWerinput " "Join SPlit SPLTJOIN LOAD Locate CLocate LOWercase UPPercase LPrefix MACRO " "MErge MODify MOve MSG Next Overlay PARSE PREServe PURge PUT PUTD Query QUIT " "READ RECover REFRESH RENum REPeat Replace CReplace RESet RESTore RGTLEFT " "RIght LEft SAVE SET SHift SI SORT SOS STAck STATus TOP TRAnsfer Type Up"; typedef struct command_tag { char* cmd; size_t length; size_t min_len; struct command_tag* next; } command_t; bool command_match(const command_t* command, const char* str) { size_t olen = strlen(str); return olen >= command->min_len && olen <= command->length && strncmp(str, command->cmd, olen) == 0; } char* uppercase(char* str, size_t n) { for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) str[i] = toupper((unsigned char)str[i]); return str; } size_t get_min_length(const char* str, size_t n) { size_t len = 0; while (len < n && isupper((unsigned char)str[len])) ++len; return len; } void fatal(const char* message) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message); exit(1); } void* xmalloc(size_t n) { void* ptr = malloc(n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } void* xrealloc(void* p, size_t n) { void* ptr = realloc(p, n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } char** split_into_words(const char* str, size_t* count) { size_t size = 0; size_t capacity = 16; char** words = xmalloc(capacity * sizeof(char*)); size_t len = strlen(str); for (size_t begin = 0; begin < len; ) { size_t i = begin; for (; i < len && isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} begin = i; for (; i < len && !isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} size_t word_len = i - begin; if (word_len == 0) break; char* word = xmalloc(word_len + 1); memcpy(word, str + begin, word_len); word[word_len] = 0; begin += word_len; if (capacity == size) { capacity *= 2; words = xrealloc(words, capacity * sizeof(char*)); } words[size++] = word; } *count = size; return words; } command_t* make_command_list(const char* table) { command_t* cmd = NULL; size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(table, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; command_t* new_cmd = xmalloc(sizeof(command_t)); size_t word_len = strlen(word); new_cmd->length = word_len; new_cmd->min_len = get_min_length(word, word_len); new_cmd->cmd = uppercase(word, word_len); new_cmd->next = cmd; cmd = new_cmd; } free(words); return cmd; } void free_command_list(command_t* cmd) { while (cmd != NULL) { command_t* next = cmd->next; free(cmd->cmd); free(cmd); cmd = next; } } const command_t* find_command(const command_t* commands, const char* word) { for (const command_t* cmd = commands; cmd != NULL; cmd = cmd->next) { if (command_match(cmd, word)) return cmd; } return NULL; } void test(const command_t* commands, const char* input) { printf(" input: %s\n", input); printf("output:"); size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(input, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; uppercase(word, strlen(word)); const command_t* cmd_ptr = find_command(commands, word); printf(" %s", cmd_ptr ? cmd_ptr->cmd : "*error*"); free(word); } free(words); printf("\n"); } int main() { command_t* commands = make_command_list(command_table); const char* input = "riG rePEAT copies put mo rest types fup. 6 poweRin"; test(commands, input); free_command_list(commands); return 0; }
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Scanner; public class AbbreviationsEasy { private static final Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); private static final String COMMAND_TABLE = " Add ALTer BAckup Bottom CAppend Change SCHANGE CInsert CLAst COMPress COpy\n" + " COUnt COVerlay CURsor DELete CDelete Down DUPlicate Xedit EXPand EXTract Find\n" + " NFind NFINDUp NFUp CFind FINdup FUp FOrward GET Help HEXType Input POWerinput\n" + " Join SPlit SPLTJOIN LOAD Locate CLocate LOWercase UPPercase LPrefix MACRO\n" + " MErge MODify MOve MSG Next Overlay PARSE PREServe PURge PUT PUTD Query QUIT\n" + " READ RECover REFRESH RENum REPeat Replace CReplace RESet RESTore RGTLEFT\n" + " RIght LEft SAVE SET SHift SI SORT SOS STAck STATus TOP TRAnsfer Type Up"; public static void main(String[] args) { String[] cmdTableArr = COMMAND_TABLE.split("\\s+"); Map<String, Integer> cmd_table = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); for (String word : cmdTableArr) { cmd_table.put(word, countCaps(word)); } System.out.print("Please enter your command to verify: "); String userInput = input.nextLine(); String[] user_input = userInput.split("\\s+"); for (String s : user_input) { boolean match = false; for (String cmd : cmd_table.keySet()) { if (s.length() >= cmd_table.get(cmd) && s.length() <= cmd.length()) { String temp = cmd.toUpperCase(); if (temp.startsWith(s.toUpperCase())) { System.out.print(temp + " "); match = true; } } } if (!match) { System.out.print("*error* "); } } } private static int countCaps(String word) { int numCaps = 0; for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { if (Character.isUpperCase(word.charAt(i))) { numCaps++; } } return numCaps; } }
Port the provided C code into Java while preserving the original functionality.
#include <ctype.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> const char* command_table = "Add ALTer BAckup Bottom CAppend Change SCHANGE CInsert CLAst COMPress COpy " "COUnt COVerlay CURsor DELete CDelete Down DUPlicate Xedit EXPand EXTract Find " "NFind NFINDUp NFUp CFind FINdup FUp FOrward GET Help HEXType Input POWerinput " "Join SPlit SPLTJOIN LOAD Locate CLocate LOWercase UPPercase LPrefix MACRO " "MErge MODify MOve MSG Next Overlay PARSE PREServe PURge PUT PUTD Query QUIT " "READ RECover REFRESH RENum REPeat Replace CReplace RESet RESTore RGTLEFT " "RIght LEft SAVE SET SHift SI SORT SOS STAck STATus TOP TRAnsfer Type Up"; typedef struct command_tag { char* cmd; size_t length; size_t min_len; struct command_tag* next; } command_t; bool command_match(const command_t* command, const char* str) { size_t olen = strlen(str); return olen >= command->min_len && olen <= command->length && strncmp(str, command->cmd, olen) == 0; } char* uppercase(char* str, size_t n) { for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) str[i] = toupper((unsigned char)str[i]); return str; } size_t get_min_length(const char* str, size_t n) { size_t len = 0; while (len < n && isupper((unsigned char)str[len])) ++len; return len; } void fatal(const char* message) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message); exit(1); } void* xmalloc(size_t n) { void* ptr = malloc(n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } void* xrealloc(void* p, size_t n) { void* ptr = realloc(p, n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } char** split_into_words(const char* str, size_t* count) { size_t size = 0; size_t capacity = 16; char** words = xmalloc(capacity * sizeof(char*)); size_t len = strlen(str); for (size_t begin = 0; begin < len; ) { size_t i = begin; for (; i < len && isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} begin = i; for (; i < len && !isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} size_t word_len = i - begin; if (word_len == 0) break; char* word = xmalloc(word_len + 1); memcpy(word, str + begin, word_len); word[word_len] = 0; begin += word_len; if (capacity == size) { capacity *= 2; words = xrealloc(words, capacity * sizeof(char*)); } words[size++] = word; } *count = size; return words; } command_t* make_command_list(const char* table) { command_t* cmd = NULL; size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(table, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; command_t* new_cmd = xmalloc(sizeof(command_t)); size_t word_len = strlen(word); new_cmd->length = word_len; new_cmd->min_len = get_min_length(word, word_len); new_cmd->cmd = uppercase(word, word_len); new_cmd->next = cmd; cmd = new_cmd; } free(words); return cmd; } void free_command_list(command_t* cmd) { while (cmd != NULL) { command_t* next = cmd->next; free(cmd->cmd); free(cmd); cmd = next; } } const command_t* find_command(const command_t* commands, const char* word) { for (const command_t* cmd = commands; cmd != NULL; cmd = cmd->next) { if (command_match(cmd, word)) return cmd; } return NULL; } void test(const command_t* commands, const char* input) { printf(" input: %s\n", input); printf("output:"); size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(input, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; uppercase(word, strlen(word)); const command_t* cmd_ptr = find_command(commands, word); printf(" %s", cmd_ptr ? cmd_ptr->cmd : "*error*"); free(word); } free(words); printf("\n"); } int main() { command_t* commands = make_command_list(command_table); const char* input = "riG rePEAT copies put mo rest types fup. 6 poweRin"; test(commands, input); free_command_list(commands); return 0; }
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Scanner; public class AbbreviationsEasy { private static final Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); private static final String COMMAND_TABLE = " Add ALTer BAckup Bottom CAppend Change SCHANGE CInsert CLAst COMPress COpy\n" + " COUnt COVerlay CURsor DELete CDelete Down DUPlicate Xedit EXPand EXTract Find\n" + " NFind NFINDUp NFUp CFind FINdup FUp FOrward GET Help HEXType Input POWerinput\n" + " Join SPlit SPLTJOIN LOAD Locate CLocate LOWercase UPPercase LPrefix MACRO\n" + " MErge MODify MOve MSG Next Overlay PARSE PREServe PURge PUT PUTD Query QUIT\n" + " READ RECover REFRESH RENum REPeat Replace CReplace RESet RESTore RGTLEFT\n" + " RIght LEft SAVE SET SHift SI SORT SOS STAck STATus TOP TRAnsfer Type Up"; public static void main(String[] args) { String[] cmdTableArr = COMMAND_TABLE.split("\\s+"); Map<String, Integer> cmd_table = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); for (String word : cmdTableArr) { cmd_table.put(word, countCaps(word)); } System.out.print("Please enter your command to verify: "); String userInput = input.nextLine(); String[] user_input = userInput.split("\\s+"); for (String s : user_input) { boolean match = false; for (String cmd : cmd_table.keySet()) { if (s.length() >= cmd_table.get(cmd) && s.length() <= cmd.length()) { String temp = cmd.toUpperCase(); if (temp.startsWith(s.toUpperCase())) { System.out.print(temp + " "); match = true; } } } if (!match) { System.out.print("*error* "); } } } private static int countCaps(String word) { int numCaps = 0; for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { if (Character.isUpperCase(word.charAt(i))) { numCaps++; } } return numCaps; } }
Generate a Java translation of this C snippet without changing its computational steps.
#define PI 3.14159265358979323 #define MINSIZE 10 #define MAXSIZE 100
final int immutableInt = 4; int mutableInt = 4; mutableInt = 6; immutableInt = 6;
Generate an equivalent Java version of this C code.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> typedef struct { double x, y; } vec_t, *vec; inline double dot(vec a, vec b) { return a->x * b->x + a->y * b->y; } inline double cross(vec a, vec b) { return a->x * b->y - a->y * b->x; } inline vec vsub(vec a, vec b, vec res) { res->x = a->x - b->x; res->y = a->y - b->y; return res; } int left_of(vec a, vec b, vec c) { vec_t tmp1, tmp2; double x; vsub(b, a, &tmp1); vsub(c, b, &tmp2); x = cross(&tmp1, &tmp2); return x < 0 ? -1 : x > 0; } int line_sect(vec x0, vec x1, vec y0, vec y1, vec res) { vec_t dx, dy, d; vsub(x1, x0, &dx); vsub(y1, y0, &dy); vsub(x0, y0, &d); double dyx = cross(&dy, &dx); if (!dyx) return 0; dyx = cross(&d, &dx) / dyx; if (dyx <= 0 || dyx >= 1) return 0; res->x = y0->x + dyx * dy.x; res->y = y0->y + dyx * dy.y; return 1; } typedef struct { int len, alloc; vec v; } poly_t, *poly; poly poly_new() { return (poly)calloc(1, sizeof(poly_t)); } void poly_free(poly p) { free(p->v); free(p); } void poly_append(poly p, vec v) { if (p->len >= p->alloc) { p->alloc *= 2; if (!p->alloc) p->alloc = 4; p->v = (vec)realloc(p->v, sizeof(vec_t) * p->alloc); } p->v[p->len++] = *v; } int poly_winding(poly p) { return left_of(p->v, p->v + 1, p->v + 2); } void poly_edge_clip(poly sub, vec x0, vec x1, int left, poly res) { int i, side0, side1; vec_t tmp; vec v0 = sub->v + sub->len - 1, v1; res->len = 0; side0 = left_of(x0, x1, v0); if (side0 != -left) poly_append(res, v0); for (i = 0; i < sub->len; i++) { v1 = sub->v + i; side1 = left_of(x0, x1, v1); if (side0 + side1 == 0 && side0) if (line_sect(x0, x1, v0, v1, &tmp)) poly_append(res, &tmp); if (i == sub->len - 1) break; if (side1 != -left) poly_append(res, v1); v0 = v1; side0 = side1; } } poly poly_clip(poly sub, poly clip) { int i; poly p1 = poly_new(), p2 = poly_new(), tmp; int dir = poly_winding(clip); poly_edge_clip(sub, clip->v + clip->len - 1, clip->v, dir, p2); for (i = 0; i < clip->len - 1; i++) { tmp = p2; p2 = p1; p1 = tmp; if(p1->len == 0) { p2->len = 0; break; } poly_edge_clip(p1, clip->v + i, clip->v + i + 1, dir, p2); } poly_free(p1); return p2; } int main() { int i; vec_t c[] = {{100,100}, {300,100}, {300,300}, {100,300}}; vec_t s[] = { {50,150}, {200,50}, {350,150}, {350,300},{250,300},{200,250}, {150,350},{100,250},{100,200}}; #define clen (sizeof(c)/sizeof(vec_t)) #define slen (sizeof(s)/sizeof(vec_t)) poly_t clipper = {clen, 0, c}; poly_t subject = {slen, 0, s}; poly res = poly_clip(&subject, &clipper); for (i = 0; i < res->len; i++) printf("%g %g\n", res->v[i].x, res->v[i].y); FILE * eps = fopen("test.eps", "w"); fprintf(eps, "%%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n%%%%BoundingBox: 40 40 360 360\n" "/l {lineto} def /m{moveto} def /s{setrgbcolor} def" "/c {closepath} def /gs {fill grestore stroke} def\n"); fprintf(eps, "0 setlinewidth %g %g m ", c[0].x, c[0].y); for (i = 1; i < clen; i++) fprintf(eps, "%g %g l ", c[i].x, c[i].y); fprintf(eps, "c .5 0 0 s gsave 1 .7 .7 s gs\n"); fprintf(eps, "%g %g m ", s[0].x, s[0].y); for (i = 1; i < slen; i++) fprintf(eps, "%g %g l ", s[i].x, s[i].y); fprintf(eps, "c 0 .2 .5 s gsave .4 .7 1 s gs\n"); fprintf(eps, "2 setlinewidth [10 8] 0 setdash %g %g m ", res->v[0].x, res->v[0].y); for (i = 1; i < res->len; i++) fprintf(eps, "%g %g l ", res->v[i].x, res->v[i].y); fprintf(eps, "c .5 0 .5 s gsave .7 .3 .8 s gs\n"); fprintf(eps, "%%%%EOF"); fclose(eps); printf("test.eps written\n"); return 0; }
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.geom.Line2D; import java.util.*; import java.util.List; import javax.swing.*; public class SutherlandHodgman extends JFrame { SutherlandHodgmanPanel panel; public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame f = new SutherlandHodgman(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setVisible(true); } public SutherlandHodgman() { Container content = getContentPane(); content.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); panel = new SutherlandHodgmanPanel(); content.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER); setTitle("SutherlandHodgman"); pack(); setLocationRelativeTo(null); } } class SutherlandHodgmanPanel extends JPanel { List<double[]> subject, clipper, result; public SutherlandHodgmanPanel() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(600, 500)); double[][] subjPoints = {{50, 150}, {200, 50}, {350, 150}, {350, 300}, {250, 300}, {200, 250}, {150, 350}, {100, 250}, {100, 200}}; double[][] clipPoints = {{100, 100}, {300, 100}, {300, 300}, {100, 300}}; subject = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(subjPoints)); result = new ArrayList<>(subject); clipper = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(clipPoints)); clipPolygon(); } private void clipPolygon() { int len = clipper.size(); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { int len2 = result.size(); List<double[]> input = result; result = new ArrayList<>(len2); double[] A = clipper.get((i + len - 1) % len); double[] B = clipper.get(i); for (int j = 0; j < len2; j++) { double[] P = input.get((j + len2 - 1) % len2); double[] Q = input.get(j); if (isInside(A, B, Q)) { if (!isInside(A, B, P)) result.add(intersection(A, B, P, Q)); result.add(Q); } else if (isInside(A, B, P)) result.add(intersection(A, B, P, Q)); } } } private boolean isInside(double[] a, double[] b, double[] c) { return (a[0] - c[0]) * (b[1] - c[1]) > (a[1] - c[1]) * (b[0] - c[0]); } private double[] intersection(double[] a, double[] b, double[] p, double[] q) { double A1 = b[1] - a[1]; double B1 = a[0] - b[0]; double C1 = A1 * a[0] + B1 * a[1]; double A2 = q[1] - p[1]; double B2 = p[0] - q[0]; double C2 = A2 * p[0] + B2 * p[1]; double det = A1 * B2 - A2 * B1; double x = (B2 * C1 - B1 * C2) / det; double y = (A1 * C2 - A2 * C1) / det; return new double[]{x, y}; } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; g2.translate(80, 60); g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3)); g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); drawPolygon(g2, subject, Color.blue); drawPolygon(g2, clipper, Color.red); drawPolygon(g2, result, Color.green); } private void drawPolygon(Graphics2D g2, List<double[]> points, Color color) { g2.setColor(color); int len = points.size(); Line2D line = new Line2D.Double(); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { double[] p1 = points.get(i); double[] p2 = points.get((i + 1) % len); line.setLine(p1[0], p1[1], p2[0], p2[1]); g2.draw(line); } } }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C version.
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> char *codes[] = { "AAAAA", "AAAAB", "AAABA", "AAABB", "AABAA", "AABAB", "AABBA", "AABBB", "ABAAA", "ABAAB", "ABABA", "ABABB", "ABBAA", "ABBAB", "ABBBA", "ABBBB", "BAAAA", "BAAAB", "BAABA", "BAABB", "BABAA", "BABAB", "BABBA", "BABBB", "BBAAA", "BBAAB", "BBBAA" }; char *get_code(const char c) { if (c >= 97 && c <= 122) return codes[c - 97]; return codes[26]; } char get_char(const char *code) { int i; if (!strcmp(codes[26], code)) return ' '; for (i = 0; i < 26; ++i) { if (strcmp(codes[i], code) == 0) return 97 + i; } printf("\nCode \"%s\" is invalid\n", code); exit(1); } void str_tolower(char s[]) { int i; for (i = 0; i < strlen(s); ++i) s[i] = tolower(s[i]); } char *bacon_encode(char plain_text[], char message[]) { int i, count; int plen = strlen(plain_text), mlen = strlen(message); int elen = 5 * plen; char c; char *p, *et, *mt; et = malloc(elen + 1); str_tolower(plain_text); for (i = 0, p = et; i < plen; ++i, p += 5) { c = plain_text[i]; strncpy(p, get_code(c), 5); } *++p = '\0'; str_tolower(message); mt = calloc(mlen + 1, 1); for (i = 0, count = 0; i < mlen; ++i) { c = message[i]; if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') { if (et[count] == 'A') mt[i] = c; else mt[i] = c - 32; if (++count == elen) break; } else mt[i] = c; } free(et); return mt; } char *bacon_decode(char cipher_text[]) { int i, count, clen = strlen(cipher_text); int plen; char *p, *ct, *pt; char c, quintet[6]; ct = calloc(clen + 1, 1); for (i = 0, count = 0; i < clen; ++i) { c = cipher_text[i]; if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ct[count++] = 'A'; else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ct[count++] = 'B'; } plen = strlen(ct) / 5; pt = malloc(plen + 1); for (i = 0, p = ct; i < plen; ++i, p += 5) { strncpy(quintet, p, 5); quintet[5] = '\0'; pt[i] = get_char(quintet); } pt[plen] = '\0'; free(ct); return pt; } int main() { char plain_text[] = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"; char message[] = "bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by francis bacon." "this task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of " "plaintext using the simple alphabet of the baconian cipher or some " "other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything). " "the baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower " "case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters " "such as the space."; char *cipher_text, *hidden_text; cipher_text = bacon_encode(plain_text, message); printf("Cipher text ->\n\n%s\n", cipher_text); hidden_text = bacon_decode(cipher_text); printf("\nHidden text ->\n\n%s\n", hidden_text); free(cipher_text); free(hidden_text); return 0; }
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Objects; public class BaconCipher { private static final Map<Character, String> codes; static { codes = new HashMap<>(); codes.putAll(Map.of( 'a', "AAAAA", 'b', "AAAAB", 'c', "AAABA", 'd', "AAABB", 'e', "AABAA", 'f', "AABAB", 'g', "AABBA", 'h', "AABBB", 'i', "ABAAA", 'j', "ABAAB" )); codes.putAll(Map.of( 'k', "ABABA", 'l', "ABABB", 'm', "ABBAA", 'n', "ABBAB", 'o', "ABBBA", 'p', "ABBBB", 'q', "BAAAA", 'r', "BAAAB", 's', "BAABA", 't', "BAABB" )); codes.putAll(Map.of( 'u', "BABAA", 'v', "BABAB", 'w', "BABBA", 'x', "BABBB", 'y', "BBAAA", 'z', "BBAAB", ' ', "BBBAA" )); } private static String encode(String plainText, String message) { String pt = plainText.toLowerCase(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (char c : pt.toCharArray()) { if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') sb.append(codes.get(c)); else sb.append(codes.get(' ')); } String et = sb.toString(); String mg = message.toLowerCase(); sb.setLength(0); int count = 0; for (char c : mg.toCharArray()) { if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') { if (et.charAt(count) == 'A') sb.append(c); else sb.append(((char) (c - 32))); count++; if (count == et.length()) break; } else sb.append(c); } return sb.toString(); } private static String decode(String message) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (char c : message.toCharArray()) { if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') sb.append('A'); if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') sb.append('B'); } String et = sb.toString(); sb.setLength(0); for (int i = 0; i < et.length(); i += 5) { String quintet = et.substring(i, i + 5); Character key = codes.entrySet().stream().filter(a -> Objects.equals(a.getValue(), quintet)).findFirst().map(Map.Entry::getKey).orElse(null); sb.append(key); } return sb.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { String plainText = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"; String message = "bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by francis bacon. " + "this task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of " + "plaintext using the simple alphabet of the baconian cipher or some " + "other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything). " + "the baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower " + "case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters " + "such as the space."; String cipherText = encode(plainText, message); System.out.printf("Cipher text ->\n\n%s\n", cipherText); String decodedText = decode(cipherText); System.out.printf("\nHidden text ->\n\n%s\n", decodedText); } }
Convert this C snippet to Java and keep its semantics consistent.
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> char *codes[] = { "AAAAA", "AAAAB", "AAABA", "AAABB", "AABAA", "AABAB", "AABBA", "AABBB", "ABAAA", "ABAAB", "ABABA", "ABABB", "ABBAA", "ABBAB", "ABBBA", "ABBBB", "BAAAA", "BAAAB", "BAABA", "BAABB", "BABAA", "BABAB", "BABBA", "BABBB", "BBAAA", "BBAAB", "BBBAA" }; char *get_code(const char c) { if (c >= 97 && c <= 122) return codes[c - 97]; return codes[26]; } char get_char(const char *code) { int i; if (!strcmp(codes[26], code)) return ' '; for (i = 0; i < 26; ++i) { if (strcmp(codes[i], code) == 0) return 97 + i; } printf("\nCode \"%s\" is invalid\n", code); exit(1); } void str_tolower(char s[]) { int i; for (i = 0; i < strlen(s); ++i) s[i] = tolower(s[i]); } char *bacon_encode(char plain_text[], char message[]) { int i, count; int plen = strlen(plain_text), mlen = strlen(message); int elen = 5 * plen; char c; char *p, *et, *mt; et = malloc(elen + 1); str_tolower(plain_text); for (i = 0, p = et; i < plen; ++i, p += 5) { c = plain_text[i]; strncpy(p, get_code(c), 5); } *++p = '\0'; str_tolower(message); mt = calloc(mlen + 1, 1); for (i = 0, count = 0; i < mlen; ++i) { c = message[i]; if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') { if (et[count] == 'A') mt[i] = c; else mt[i] = c - 32; if (++count == elen) break; } else mt[i] = c; } free(et); return mt; } char *bacon_decode(char cipher_text[]) { int i, count, clen = strlen(cipher_text); int plen; char *p, *ct, *pt; char c, quintet[6]; ct = calloc(clen + 1, 1); for (i = 0, count = 0; i < clen; ++i) { c = cipher_text[i]; if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ct[count++] = 'A'; else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ct[count++] = 'B'; } plen = strlen(ct) / 5; pt = malloc(plen + 1); for (i = 0, p = ct; i < plen; ++i, p += 5) { strncpy(quintet, p, 5); quintet[5] = '\0'; pt[i] = get_char(quintet); } pt[plen] = '\0'; free(ct); return pt; } int main() { char plain_text[] = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"; char message[] = "bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by francis bacon." "this task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of " "plaintext using the simple alphabet of the baconian cipher or some " "other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything). " "the baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower " "case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters " "such as the space."; char *cipher_text, *hidden_text; cipher_text = bacon_encode(plain_text, message); printf("Cipher text ->\n\n%s\n", cipher_text); hidden_text = bacon_decode(cipher_text); printf("\nHidden text ->\n\n%s\n", hidden_text); free(cipher_text); free(hidden_text); return 0; }
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Objects; public class BaconCipher { private static final Map<Character, String> codes; static { codes = new HashMap<>(); codes.putAll(Map.of( 'a', "AAAAA", 'b', "AAAAB", 'c', "AAABA", 'd', "AAABB", 'e', "AABAA", 'f', "AABAB", 'g', "AABBA", 'h', "AABBB", 'i', "ABAAA", 'j', "ABAAB" )); codes.putAll(Map.of( 'k', "ABABA", 'l', "ABABB", 'm', "ABBAA", 'n', "ABBAB", 'o', "ABBBA", 'p', "ABBBB", 'q', "BAAAA", 'r', "BAAAB", 's', "BAABA", 't', "BAABB" )); codes.putAll(Map.of( 'u', "BABAA", 'v', "BABAB", 'w', "BABBA", 'x', "BABBB", 'y', "BBAAA", 'z', "BBAAB", ' ', "BBBAA" )); } private static String encode(String plainText, String message) { String pt = plainText.toLowerCase(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (char c : pt.toCharArray()) { if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') sb.append(codes.get(c)); else sb.append(codes.get(' ')); } String et = sb.toString(); String mg = message.toLowerCase(); sb.setLength(0); int count = 0; for (char c : mg.toCharArray()) { if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') { if (et.charAt(count) == 'A') sb.append(c); else sb.append(((char) (c - 32))); count++; if (count == et.length()) break; } else sb.append(c); } return sb.toString(); } private static String decode(String message) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (char c : message.toCharArray()) { if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') sb.append('A'); if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') sb.append('B'); } String et = sb.toString(); sb.setLength(0); for (int i = 0; i < et.length(); i += 5) { String quintet = et.substring(i, i + 5); Character key = codes.entrySet().stream().filter(a -> Objects.equals(a.getValue(), quintet)).findFirst().map(Map.Entry::getKey).orElse(null); sb.append(key); } return sb.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { String plainText = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"; String message = "bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by francis bacon. " + "this task is to implement a program for encryption and decryption of " + "plaintext using the simple alphabet of the baconian cipher or some " + "other kind of representation of this alphabet (make anything signify anything). " + "the baconian alphabet may optionally be extended to encode all lower " + "case characters individually and/or adding a few punctuation characters " + "such as the space."; String cipherText = encode(plainText, message); System.out.printf("Cipher text ->\n\n%s\n", cipherText); String decodedText = decode(cipherText); System.out.printf("\nHidden text ->\n\n%s\n", decodedText); } }
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this C implementation.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define valid(i, j) 0 <= i && i < m && 0 <= j && j < n && !s[i][j] int main(int c, char **v) { int i, j, m = 0, n = 0; if (c >= 2) m = atoi(v[1]); if (c >= 3) n = atoi(v[2]); if (m <= 0) m = 5; if (n <= 0) n = m; int **s = calloc(1, sizeof(int *) * m + sizeof(int) * m * n); s[0] = (int*)(s + m); for (i = 1; i < m; i++) s[i] = s[i - 1] + n; int dx = 1, dy = 0, val = 0, t; for (i = j = 0; valid(i, j); i += dy, j += dx ) { for (; valid(i, j); j += dx, i += dy) s[i][j] = ++val; j -= dx; i -= dy; t = dy; dy = dx; dx = -t; } for (t = 2; val /= 10; t++); for(i = 0; i < m; i++) for(j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) printf("%*d", t, s[i][j]); return 0; }
public class Blah { public static void main(String[] args) { print2dArray(getSpiralArray(5)); } public static int[][] getSpiralArray(int dimension) { int[][] spiralArray = new int[dimension][dimension]; int numConcentricSquares = (int) Math.ceil((dimension) / 2.0); int j; int sideLen = dimension; int currNum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < numConcentricSquares; i++) { for (j = 0; j < sideLen; j++) { spiralArray[i][i + j] = currNum++; } for (j = 1; j < sideLen; j++) { spiralArray[i + j][dimension - 1 - i] = currNum++; } for (j = sideLen - 2; j > -1; j--) { spiralArray[dimension - 1 - i][i + j] = currNum++; } for (j = sideLen - 2; j > 0; j--) { spiralArray[i + j][i] = currNum++; } sideLen -= 2; } return spiralArray; } public static void print2dArray(int[][] array) { for (int[] row : array) { for (int elem : row) { System.out.printf("%3d", elem); } System.out.println(); } } }
Transform the following C implementation into Java, maintaining the same output and logic.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define valid(i, j) 0 <= i && i < m && 0 <= j && j < n && !s[i][j] int main(int c, char **v) { int i, j, m = 0, n = 0; if (c >= 2) m = atoi(v[1]); if (c >= 3) n = atoi(v[2]); if (m <= 0) m = 5; if (n <= 0) n = m; int **s = calloc(1, sizeof(int *) * m + sizeof(int) * m * n); s[0] = (int*)(s + m); for (i = 1; i < m; i++) s[i] = s[i - 1] + n; int dx = 1, dy = 0, val = 0, t; for (i = j = 0; valid(i, j); i += dy, j += dx ) { for (; valid(i, j); j += dx, i += dy) s[i][j] = ++val; j -= dx; i -= dy; t = dy; dy = dx; dx = -t; } for (t = 2; val /= 10; t++); for(i = 0; i < m; i++) for(j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) printf("%*d", t, s[i][j]); return 0; }
public class Blah { public static void main(String[] args) { print2dArray(getSpiralArray(5)); } public static int[][] getSpiralArray(int dimension) { int[][] spiralArray = new int[dimension][dimension]; int numConcentricSquares = (int) Math.ceil((dimension) / 2.0); int j; int sideLen = dimension; int currNum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < numConcentricSquares; i++) { for (j = 0; j < sideLen; j++) { spiralArray[i][i + j] = currNum++; } for (j = 1; j < sideLen; j++) { spiralArray[i + j][dimension - 1 - i] = currNum++; } for (j = sideLen - 2; j > -1; j--) { spiralArray[dimension - 1 - i][i + j] = currNum++; } for (j = sideLen - 2; j > 0; j--) { spiralArray[i + j][i] = currNum++; } sideLen -= 2; } return spiralArray; } public static void print2dArray(int[][] array) { for (int[] row : array) { for (int elem : row) { System.out.printf("%3d", elem); } System.out.println(); } } }
Change the following C code into Java without altering its purpose.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <string.h> typedef const char * String; typedef struct sTable { String * *rows; int n_rows,n_cols; } *Table; typedef int (*CompareFctn)(String a, String b); struct { CompareFctn compare; int column; int reversed; } sortSpec; int CmprRows( const void *aa, const void *bb) { String *rA = *(String *const *)aa; String *rB = *(String *const *)bb; int sortCol = sortSpec.column; String left = sortSpec.reversed ? rB[sortCol] : rA[sortCol]; String right = sortSpec.reversed ? rA[sortCol] : rB[sortCol]; return sortSpec.compare( left, right ); } int sortTable(Table tbl, const char* argSpec,... ) { va_list vl; const char *p; int c; sortSpec.compare = &strcmp; sortSpec.column = 0; sortSpec.reversed = 0; va_start(vl, argSpec); if (argSpec) for (p=argSpec; *p; p++) { switch (*p) { case 'o': sortSpec.compare = va_arg(vl,CompareFctn); break; case 'c': c = va_arg(vl,int); if ( 0<=c && c<tbl->n_cols) sortSpec.column = c; break; case 'r': sortSpec.reversed = (0!=va_arg(vl,int)); break; } } va_end(vl); qsort( tbl->rows, tbl->n_rows, sizeof(String *), CmprRows); return 0; } void printTable( Table tbl, FILE *fout, const char *colFmts[]) { int row, col; for (row=0; row<tbl->n_rows; row++) { fprintf(fout, " "); for(col=0; col<tbl->n_cols; col++) { fprintf(fout, colFmts[col], tbl->rows[row][col]); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } int ord(char v) { return v-'0'; } int cmprStrgs(String s1, String s2) { const char *p1 = s1; const char *p2 = s2; const char *mrk1, *mrk2; while ((tolower(*p1) == tolower(*p2)) && *p1) { p1++; p2++; } if (isdigit(*p1) && isdigit(*p2)) { long v1, v2; if ((*p1 == '0') ||(*p2 == '0')) { while (p1 > s1) { p1--; p2--; if (*p1 != '0') break; } if (!isdigit(*p1)) { p1++; p2++; } } mrk1 = p1; mrk2 = p2; v1 = 0; while(isdigit(*p1)) { v1 = 10*v1+ord(*p1); p1++; } v2 = 0; while(isdigit(*p2)) { v2 = 10*v2+ord(*p2); p2++; } if (v1 == v2) return(p2-mrk2)-(p1-mrk1); return v1 - v2; } if (tolower(*p1) != tolower(*p2)) return (tolower(*p1) - tolower(*p2)); for(p1=s1, p2=s2; (*p1 == *p2) && *p1; p1++, p2++); return (*p1 -*p2); } int main() { const char *colFmts[] = {" %-5.5s"," %-5.5s"," %-9.9s"}; String r1[] = { "a101", "red", "Java" }; String r2[] = { "ab40", "gren", "Smalltalk" }; String r3[] = { "ab9", "blue", "Fortran" }; String r4[] = { "ab09", "ylow", "Python" }; String r5[] = { "ab1a", "blak", "Factor" }; String r6[] = { "ab1b", "brwn", "C Sharp" }; String r7[] = { "Ab1b", "pink", "Ruby" }; String r8[] = { "ab1", "orng", "Scheme" }; String *rows[] = { r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8 }; struct sTable table; table.rows = rows; table.n_rows = 8; table.n_cols = 3; sortTable(&table, ""); printf("sort on col 0, ascending\n"); printTable(&table, stdout, colFmts); sortTable(&table, "ro", 1, &cmprStrgs); printf("sort on col 0, reverse.special\n"); printTable(&table, stdout, colFmts); sortTable(&table, "c", 1); printf("sort on col 1, ascending\n"); printTable(&table, stdout, colFmts); sortTable(&table, "cr", 2, 1); printf("sort on col 2, reverse\n"); printTable(&table, stdout, colFmts); return 0; }
module OptionalParameters { typedef Type<String >.Orderer as ColumnOrderer; typedef Type<String[]>.Orderer as RowOrderer; static String[][] sort(String[][] table, ColumnOrderer? orderer = Null, Int column = 0, Boolean reverse = False, ) { orderer ?:= (s1, s2) -> s1 <=> s2; ColumnOrderer byString = reverse ? ((s1, s2) -> orderer(s1, s2).reversed) : orderer; RowOrderer byColumn = (row1, row2) -> byString(row1[column], row2[column]); return table.sorted(byColumn); } void run() { String[][] table = [ ["c", "x", "i"], ["a", "y", "p"], ["b", "z", "a"], ]; show("original input", table); show("by default sort on column 0", sort(table)); show("by column 2", sort(table, column=2)); show("by column 2 reversed", sort(table, column=2, reverse=True)); } void show(String title, String[][] table) { @Inject Console console; console.print($"{title}:"); for (val row : table) { console.print($" {row}"); } console.print(); } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Java instead of C, keeping it the same logically?
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define N_SITES 150 double site[N_SITES][2]; unsigned char rgb[N_SITES][3]; int size_x = 640, size_y = 480; inline double sq2(double x, double y) { return x * x + y * y; } #define for_k for (k = 0; k < N_SITES; k++) int nearest_site(double x, double y) { int k, ret = 0; double d, dist = 0; for_k { d = sq2(x - site[k][0], y - site[k][1]); if (!k || d < dist) { dist = d, ret = k; } } return ret; } int at_edge(int *color, int y, int x) { int i, j, c = color[y * size_x + x]; for (i = y - 1; i <= y + 1; i++) { if (i < 0 || i >= size_y) continue; for (j = x - 1; j <= x + 1; j++) { if (j < 0 || j >= size_x) continue; if (color[i * size_x + j] != c) return 1; } } return 0; } #define AA_RES 4 void aa_color(unsigned char *pix, int y, int x) { int i, j, n; double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, xx, yy; for (i = 0; i < AA_RES; i++) { yy = y + 1. / AA_RES * i + .5; for (j = 0; j < AA_RES; j++) { xx = x + 1. / AA_RES * j + .5; n = nearest_site(xx, yy); r += rgb[n][0]; g += rgb[n][1]; b += rgb[n][2]; } } pix[0] = r / (AA_RES * AA_RES); pix[1] = g / (AA_RES * AA_RES); pix[2] = b / (AA_RES * AA_RES); } #define for_i for (i = 0; i < size_y; i++) #define for_j for (j = 0; j < size_x; j++) void gen_map() { int i, j, k; int *nearest = malloc(sizeof(int) * size_y * size_x); unsigned char *ptr, *buf, color; ptr = buf = malloc(3 * size_x * size_y); for_i for_j nearest[i * size_x + j] = nearest_site(j, i); for_i for_j { if (!at_edge(nearest, i, j)) memcpy(ptr, rgb[nearest[i * size_x + j]], 3); else aa_color(ptr, i, j); ptr += 3; } for (k = 0; k < N_SITES; k++) { color = (rgb[k][0]*.25 + rgb[k][1]*.6 + rgb[k][2]*.15 > 80) ? 0 : 255; for (i = site[k][1] - 1; i <= site[k][1] + 1; i++) { if (i < 0 || i >= size_y) continue; for (j = site[k][0] - 1; j <= site[k][0] + 1; j++) { if (j < 0 || j >= size_x) continue; ptr = buf + 3 * (i * size_x + j); ptr[0] = ptr[1] = ptr[2] = color; } } } printf("P6\n%d %d\n255\n", size_x, size_y); fflush(stdout); fwrite(buf, size_y * size_x * 3, 1, stdout); } #define frand(x) (rand() / (1. + RAND_MAX) * x) int main() { int k; for_k { site[k][0] = frand(size_x); site[k][1] = frand(size_y); rgb [k][0] = frand(256); rgb [k][1] = frand(256); rgb [k][2] = frand(256); } gen_map(); return 0; }
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Random; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class Voronoi extends JFrame { static double p = 3; static BufferedImage I; static int px[], py[], color[], cells = 100, size = 1000; public Voronoi() { super("Voronoi Diagram"); setBounds(0, 0, size, size); setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); int n = 0; Random rand = new Random(); I = new BufferedImage(size, size, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); px = new int[cells]; py = new int[cells]; color = new int[cells]; for (int i = 0; i < cells; i++) { px[i] = rand.nextInt(size); py[i] = rand.nextInt(size); color[i] = rand.nextInt(16777215); } for (int x = 0; x < size; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < size; y++) { n = 0; for (byte i = 0; i < cells; i++) { if (distance(px[i], x, py[i], y) < distance(px[n], x, py[n], y)) { n = i; } } I.setRGB(x, y, color[n]); } } Graphics2D g = I.createGraphics(); g.setColor(Color.BLACK); for (int i = 0; i < cells; i++) { g.fill(new Ellipse2D .Double(px[i] - 2.5, py[i] - 2.5, 5, 5)); } try { ImageIO.write(I, "png", new File("voronoi.png")); } catch (IOException e) { } } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(I, 0, 0, this); } static double distance(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2) { double d; d = Math.sqrt((x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2)); return d; } public static void main(String[] args) { new Voronoi().setVisible(true); } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C to Java, same semantics.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define N_SITES 150 double site[N_SITES][2]; unsigned char rgb[N_SITES][3]; int size_x = 640, size_y = 480; inline double sq2(double x, double y) { return x * x + y * y; } #define for_k for (k = 0; k < N_SITES; k++) int nearest_site(double x, double y) { int k, ret = 0; double d, dist = 0; for_k { d = sq2(x - site[k][0], y - site[k][1]); if (!k || d < dist) { dist = d, ret = k; } } return ret; } int at_edge(int *color, int y, int x) { int i, j, c = color[y * size_x + x]; for (i = y - 1; i <= y + 1; i++) { if (i < 0 || i >= size_y) continue; for (j = x - 1; j <= x + 1; j++) { if (j < 0 || j >= size_x) continue; if (color[i * size_x + j] != c) return 1; } } return 0; } #define AA_RES 4 void aa_color(unsigned char *pix, int y, int x) { int i, j, n; double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, xx, yy; for (i = 0; i < AA_RES; i++) { yy = y + 1. / AA_RES * i + .5; for (j = 0; j < AA_RES; j++) { xx = x + 1. / AA_RES * j + .5; n = nearest_site(xx, yy); r += rgb[n][0]; g += rgb[n][1]; b += rgb[n][2]; } } pix[0] = r / (AA_RES * AA_RES); pix[1] = g / (AA_RES * AA_RES); pix[2] = b / (AA_RES * AA_RES); } #define for_i for (i = 0; i < size_y; i++) #define for_j for (j = 0; j < size_x; j++) void gen_map() { int i, j, k; int *nearest = malloc(sizeof(int) * size_y * size_x); unsigned char *ptr, *buf, color; ptr = buf = malloc(3 * size_x * size_y); for_i for_j nearest[i * size_x + j] = nearest_site(j, i); for_i for_j { if (!at_edge(nearest, i, j)) memcpy(ptr, rgb[nearest[i * size_x + j]], 3); else aa_color(ptr, i, j); ptr += 3; } for (k = 0; k < N_SITES; k++) { color = (rgb[k][0]*.25 + rgb[k][1]*.6 + rgb[k][2]*.15 > 80) ? 0 : 255; for (i = site[k][1] - 1; i <= site[k][1] + 1; i++) { if (i < 0 || i >= size_y) continue; for (j = site[k][0] - 1; j <= site[k][0] + 1; j++) { if (j < 0 || j >= size_x) continue; ptr = buf + 3 * (i * size_x + j); ptr[0] = ptr[1] = ptr[2] = color; } } } printf("P6\n%d %d\n255\n", size_x, size_y); fflush(stdout); fwrite(buf, size_y * size_x * 3, 1, stdout); } #define frand(x) (rand() / (1. + RAND_MAX) * x) int main() { int k; for_k { site[k][0] = frand(size_x); site[k][1] = frand(size_y); rgb [k][0] = frand(256); rgb [k][1] = frand(256); rgb [k][2] = frand(256); } gen_map(); return 0; }
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Random; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class Voronoi extends JFrame { static double p = 3; static BufferedImage I; static int px[], py[], color[], cells = 100, size = 1000; public Voronoi() { super("Voronoi Diagram"); setBounds(0, 0, size, size); setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); int n = 0; Random rand = new Random(); I = new BufferedImage(size, size, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); px = new int[cells]; py = new int[cells]; color = new int[cells]; for (int i = 0; i < cells; i++) { px[i] = rand.nextInt(size); py[i] = rand.nextInt(size); color[i] = rand.nextInt(16777215); } for (int x = 0; x < size; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < size; y++) { n = 0; for (byte i = 0; i < cells; i++) { if (distance(px[i], x, py[i], y) < distance(px[n], x, py[n], y)) { n = i; } } I.setRGB(x, y, color[n]); } } Graphics2D g = I.createGraphics(); g.setColor(Color.BLACK); for (int i = 0; i < cells; i++) { g.fill(new Ellipse2D .Double(px[i] - 2.5, py[i] - 2.5, 5, 5)); } try { ImageIO.write(I, "png", new File("voronoi.png")); } catch (IOException e) { } } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(I, 0, 0, this); } static double distance(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2) { double d; d = Math.sqrt((x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2)); return d; } public static void main(String[] args) { new Voronoi().setVisible(true); } }
Translate this program into Java but keep the logic exactly as in C.
#include <stdio.h> void sayHello(char* name){ printf("Hello %s!\n", name); } int doubleNum(int num){ return num * 2; }
public class JNIDemo { static { System.loadLibrary("JNIDemo"); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(callStrdup("Hello World!")); } private static native String callStrdup(String s); }
Rewrite the snippet below in Java so it works the same as the original C code.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> struct s_env { unsigned int n, i; size_t size; void *sample; }; void s_of_n_init(struct s_env *s_env, size_t size, unsigned int n) { s_env->i = 0; s_env->n = n; s_env->size = size; s_env->sample = malloc(n * size); } void sample_set_i(struct s_env *s_env, unsigned int i, void *item) { memcpy(s_env->sample + i * s_env->size, item, s_env->size); } void *s_of_n(struct s_env *s_env, void *item) { s_env->i++; if (s_env->i <= s_env->n) sample_set_i(s_env, s_env->i - 1, item); else if ((rand() % s_env->i) < s_env->n) sample_set_i(s_env, rand() % s_env->n, item); return s_env->sample; } int *test(unsigned int n, int *items_set, unsigned int num_items) { int i; struct s_env s_env; s_of_n_init(&s_env, sizeof(items_set[0]), n); for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++) { s_of_n(&s_env, (void *) &items_set[i]); } return (int *)s_env.sample; } int main() { unsigned int i, j; unsigned int n = 3; unsigned int num_items = 10; unsigned int *frequencies; int *items_set; srand(time(NULL)); items_set = malloc(num_items * sizeof(int)); frequencies = malloc(num_items * sizeof(int)); for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++) { items_set[i] = i; frequencies[i] = 0; } for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { int *res = test(n, items_set, num_items); for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { frequencies[res[j]]++; } free(res); } for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++) { printf(" %d", frequencies[i]); } puts(""); return 0; }
import java.util.*; class SOfN<T> { private static final Random rand = new Random(); private List<T> sample; private int i = 0; private int n; public SOfN(int _n) { n = _n; sample = new ArrayList<T>(n); } public List<T> process(T item) { if (++i <= n) { sample.add(item); } else if (rand.nextInt(i) < n) { sample.set(rand.nextInt(n), item); } return sample; } } public class AlgorithmS { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] bin = new int[10]; for (int trial = 0; trial < 100000; trial++) { SOfN<Integer> s_of_n = new SOfN<Integer>(3); for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) s_of_n.process(i); for (int s : s_of_n.process(9)) bin[s]++; } System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bin)); } }
Port the following code from C to Java with equivalent syntax and logic.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> struct s_env { unsigned int n, i; size_t size; void *sample; }; void s_of_n_init(struct s_env *s_env, size_t size, unsigned int n) { s_env->i = 0; s_env->n = n; s_env->size = size; s_env->sample = malloc(n * size); } void sample_set_i(struct s_env *s_env, unsigned int i, void *item) { memcpy(s_env->sample + i * s_env->size, item, s_env->size); } void *s_of_n(struct s_env *s_env, void *item) { s_env->i++; if (s_env->i <= s_env->n) sample_set_i(s_env, s_env->i - 1, item); else if ((rand() % s_env->i) < s_env->n) sample_set_i(s_env, rand() % s_env->n, item); return s_env->sample; } int *test(unsigned int n, int *items_set, unsigned int num_items) { int i; struct s_env s_env; s_of_n_init(&s_env, sizeof(items_set[0]), n); for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++) { s_of_n(&s_env, (void *) &items_set[i]); } return (int *)s_env.sample; } int main() { unsigned int i, j; unsigned int n = 3; unsigned int num_items = 10; unsigned int *frequencies; int *items_set; srand(time(NULL)); items_set = malloc(num_items * sizeof(int)); frequencies = malloc(num_items * sizeof(int)); for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++) { items_set[i] = i; frequencies[i] = 0; } for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { int *res = test(n, items_set, num_items); for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { frequencies[res[j]]++; } free(res); } for (i = 0; i < num_items; i++) { printf(" %d", frequencies[i]); } puts(""); return 0; }
import java.util.*; class SOfN<T> { private static final Random rand = new Random(); private List<T> sample; private int i = 0; private int n; public SOfN(int _n) { n = _n; sample = new ArrayList<T>(n); } public List<T> process(T item) { if (++i <= n) { sample.add(item); } else if (rand.nextInt(i) < n) { sample.set(rand.nextInt(n), item); } return sample; } } public class AlgorithmS { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] bin = new int[10]; for (int trial = 0; trial < 100000; trial++) { SOfN<Integer> s_of_n = new SOfN<Integer>(3); for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) s_of_n.process(i); for (int s : s_of_n.process(9)) bin[s]++; } System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bin)); } }
Change the following C code into Java without altering its purpose.
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int binomial(int n, int k) { int num, denom, i; if (n < 0 || k < 0 || n < k) return -1; if (n == 0 || k == 0) return 1; num = 1; for (i = k + 1; i <= n; ++i) { num = num * i; } denom = 1; for (i = 2; i <= n - k; ++i) { denom *= i; } return num / denom; } int gcd(int a, int b) { int temp; while (b != 0) { temp = a % b; a = b; b = temp; } return a; } typedef struct tFrac { int num, denom; } Frac; Frac makeFrac(int n, int d) { Frac result; int g; if (d == 0) { result.num = 0; result.denom = 0; return result; } if (n == 0) { d = 1; } else if (d < 0) { n = -n; d = -d; } g = abs(gcd(n, d)); if (g > 1) { n = n / g; d = d / g; } result.num = n; result.denom = d; return result; } Frac negateFrac(Frac f) { return makeFrac(-f.num, f.denom); } Frac subFrac(Frac lhs, Frac rhs) { return makeFrac(lhs.num * rhs.denom - lhs.denom * rhs.num, rhs.denom * lhs.denom); } Frac multFrac(Frac lhs, Frac rhs) { return makeFrac(lhs.num * rhs.num, lhs.denom * rhs.denom); } bool equalFrac(Frac lhs, Frac rhs) { return (lhs.num == rhs.num) && (lhs.denom == rhs.denom); } bool lessFrac(Frac lhs, Frac rhs) { return (lhs.num * rhs.denom) < (rhs.num * lhs.denom); } void printFrac(Frac f) { char buffer[7]; int len; if (f.denom != 1) { snprintf(buffer, 7, "%d/%d", f.num, f.denom); } else { snprintf(buffer, 7, "%d", f.num); } len = 7 - strlen(buffer); while (len-- > 0) { putc(' ', stdout); } printf(buffer); } Frac bernoulli(int n) { Frac a[16]; int j, m; if (n < 0) { a[0].num = 0; a[0].denom = 0; return a[0]; } for (m = 0; m <= n; ++m) { a[m] = makeFrac(1, m + 1); for (j = m; j >= 1; --j) { a[j - 1] = multFrac(subFrac(a[j - 1], a[j]), makeFrac(j, 1)); } } if (n != 1) { return a[0]; } return negateFrac(a[0]); } void faulhaber(int p) { Frac q, *coeffs; int j, sign; coeffs = malloc(sizeof(Frac)*(p + 1)); q = makeFrac(1, p + 1); sign = -1; for (j = 0; j <= p; ++j) { sign = -1 * sign; coeffs[p - j] = multFrac(multFrac(multFrac(q, makeFrac(sign, 1)), makeFrac(binomial(p + 1, j), 1)), bernoulli(j)); } for (j = 0; j <= p; ++j) { printFrac(coeffs[j]); } printf("\n"); free(coeffs); } int main() { int i; for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { faulhaber(i); } return 0; }
import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.math.MathContext; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.stream.LongStream; public class FaulhabersTriangle { private static final MathContext MC = new MathContext(256); private static long gcd(long a, long b) { if (b == 0) { return a; } return gcd(b, a % b); } private static class Frac implements Comparable<Frac> { private long num; private long denom; public static final Frac ZERO = new Frac(0, 1); public Frac(long n, long d) { if (d == 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("d must not be zero"); long nn = n; long dd = d; if (nn == 0) { dd = 1; } else if (dd < 0) { nn = -nn; dd = -dd; } long g = Math.abs(gcd(nn, dd)); if (g > 1) { nn /= g; dd /= g; } num = nn; denom = dd; } public Frac plus(Frac rhs) { return new Frac(num * rhs.denom + denom * rhs.num, rhs.denom * denom); } public Frac unaryMinus() { return new Frac(-num, denom); } public Frac minus(Frac rhs) { return this.plus(rhs.unaryMinus()); } public Frac times(Frac rhs) { return new Frac(this.num * rhs.num, this.denom * rhs.denom); } @Override public int compareTo(Frac o) { double diff = toDouble() - o.toDouble(); return Double.compare(diff, 0.0); } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { return null != obj && obj instanceof Frac && this.compareTo((Frac) obj) == 0; } @Override public String toString() { if (denom == 1) { return Long.toString(num); } return String.format("%d/%d", num, denom); } public double toDouble() { return (double) num / denom; } public BigDecimal toBigDecimal() { return BigDecimal.valueOf(num).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(denom), MC); } } private static Frac bernoulli(int n) { if (n < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("n may not be negative or zero"); Frac[] a = new Frac[n + 1]; Arrays.fill(a, Frac.ZERO); for (int m = 0; m <= n; ++m) { a[m] = new Frac(1, m + 1); for (int j = m; j >= 1; --j) { a[j - 1] = a[j - 1].minus(a[j]).times(new Frac(j, 1)); } } if (n != 1) return a[0]; return a[0].unaryMinus(); } private static long binomial(int n, int k) { if (n < 0 || k < 0 || n < k) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); if (n == 0 || k == 0) return 1; long num = LongStream.rangeClosed(k + 1, n).reduce(1, (a, b) -> a * b); long den = LongStream.rangeClosed(2, n - k).reduce(1, (acc, i) -> acc * i); return num / den; } private static Frac[] faulhaberTriangle(int p) { Frac[] coeffs = new Frac[p + 1]; Arrays.fill(coeffs, Frac.ZERO); Frac q = new Frac(1, p + 1); int sign = -1; for (int j = 0; j <= p; ++j) { sign *= -1; coeffs[p - j] = q.times(new Frac(sign, 1)).times(new Frac(binomial(p + 1, j), 1)).times(bernoulli(j)); } return coeffs; } public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i = 0; i <= 9; ++i) { Frac[] coeffs = faulhaberTriangle(i); for (Frac coeff : coeffs) { System.out.printf("%5s ", coeff); } System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); int k = 17; Frac[] cc = faulhaberTriangle(k); int n = 1000; BigDecimal nn = BigDecimal.valueOf(n); BigDecimal np = BigDecimal.ONE; BigDecimal sum = BigDecimal.ZERO; for (Frac c : cc) { np = np.multiply(nn); sum = sum.add(np.multiply(c.toBigDecimal())); } System.out.println(sum.toBigInteger()); } }
Ensure the translated Java code behaves exactly like the original C snippet.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int i; (void) printf("This program is named %s.\n", argv[0]); for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) (void) printf("the argument #%d is %s\n", i, argv[i]); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
public class Arguments { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("There are " + args.length + " arguments given."); for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) System.out.println("The argument #" + (i+1) + " is " + args[i] + " and is at index " + i); } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C to Java.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int i; (void) printf("This program is named %s.\n", argv[0]); for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) (void) printf("the argument #%d is %s\n", i, argv[i]); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
public class Arguments { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("There are " + args.length + " arguments given."); for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) System.out.println("The argument #" + (i+1) + " is " + args[i] + " and is at index " + i); } }
Convert the following code from C to Java, ensuring the logic remains intact.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int i; (void) printf("This program is named %s.\n", argv[0]); for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) (void) printf("the argument #%d is %s\n", i, argv[i]); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
public class Arguments { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("There are " + args.length + " arguments given."); for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) System.out.println("The argument #" + (i+1) + " is " + args[i] + " and is at index " + i); } }
Generate a Java translation of this C snippet without changing its computational steps.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define ARRAY_CONCAT(TYPE, A, An, B, Bn) \ (TYPE *)array_concat((const void *)(A), (An), (const void *)(B), (Bn), sizeof(TYPE)); void *array_concat(const void *a, size_t an, const void *b, size_t bn, size_t s) { char *p = malloc(s * (an + bn)); memcpy(p, a, an*s); memcpy(p + an*s, b, bn*s); return p; } const int a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; const int b[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }; int main(void) { unsigned int i; int *c = ARRAY_CONCAT(int, a, 5, b, 5); for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("%d\n", c[i]); free(c); return EXIT_SUCCCESS; }
String[] fruits = ["apples", "oranges"]; String[] grains = ["wheat", "corn"]; String[] all = fruits + grains;
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C to Java, same semantics.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { char str[BUFSIZ]; puts("Enter a string: "); fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin); long num; char buf[BUFSIZ]; do { puts("Enter 75000: "); fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin); num = strtol(buf, NULL, 10); } while (num != 75000); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
import java.util.Scanner; public class GetInput { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a string: "); String str = s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter an integer: "); int i = Integer.parseInt(s.next()); } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C to Java.
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> #include<dos.h> typedef struct{ char str[3]; int key; }note; note sequence[] = {{"Do",0},{"Re",2},{"Mi",4},{"Fa",5},{"So",7},{"La",9},{"Ti",11},{"Do",12}}; int main(void) { int i=0; while(!kbhit()) { printf("\t%s",sequence[i].str); sound(261.63*pow(2,sequence[i].key/12.0)); delay(sequence[i].key%12==0?500:1000); i = (i+1)%8; i==0?printf("\n"):printf(""); } nosound(); return 0; }
import processing.sound.*; float[] frequencies = {261.63, 293.66, 329.63, 349.23, 392.00, 440.00, 493.88, 523.25}; SinOsc sine; size(500,500); sine = new SinOsc(this); for(int i=0;i<frequencies.length;i++){ sine.freq(frequencies[i]); sine.play(); delay(500); }
Port the provided C code into Java while preserving the original functionality.
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> #include<dos.h> typedef struct{ char str[3]; int key; }note; note sequence[] = {{"Do",0},{"Re",2},{"Mi",4},{"Fa",5},{"So",7},{"La",9},{"Ti",11},{"Do",12}}; int main(void) { int i=0; while(!kbhit()) { printf("\t%s",sequence[i].str); sound(261.63*pow(2,sequence[i].key/12.0)); delay(sequence[i].key%12==0?500:1000); i = (i+1)%8; i==0?printf("\n"):printf(""); } nosound(); return 0; }
import processing.sound.*; float[] frequencies = {261.63, 293.66, 329.63, 349.23, 392.00, 440.00, 493.88, 523.25}; SinOsc sine; size(500,500); sine = new SinOsc(this); for(int i=0;i<frequencies.length;i++){ sine.freq(frequencies[i]); sine.play(); delay(500); }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C code in Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { char *name; int weight; int value; } item_t; item_t items[] = { {"map", 9, 150}, {"compass", 13, 35}, {"water", 153, 200}, {"sandwich", 50, 160}, {"glucose", 15, 60}, {"tin", 68, 45}, {"banana", 27, 60}, {"apple", 39, 40}, {"cheese", 23, 30}, {"beer", 52, 10}, {"suntan cream", 11, 70}, {"camera", 32, 30}, {"T-shirt", 24, 15}, {"trousers", 48, 10}, {"umbrella", 73, 40}, {"waterproof trousers", 42, 70}, {"waterproof overclothes", 43, 75}, {"note-case", 22, 80}, {"sunglasses", 7, 20}, {"towel", 18, 12}, {"socks", 4, 50}, {"book", 30, 10}, }; int *knapsack (item_t *items, int n, int w) { int i, j, a, b, *mm, **m, *s; mm = calloc((n + 1) * (w + 1), sizeof (int)); m = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof (int *)); m[0] = mm; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { m[i] = &mm[i * (w + 1)]; for (j = 0; j <= w; j++) { if (items[i - 1].weight > j) { m[i][j] = m[i - 1][j]; } else { a = m[i - 1][j]; b = m[i - 1][j - items[i - 1].weight] + items[i - 1].value; m[i][j] = a > b ? a : b; } } } s = calloc(n, sizeof (int)); for (i = n, j = w; i > 0; i--) { if (m[i][j] > m[i - 1][j]) { s[i - 1] = 1; j -= items[i - 1].weight; } } free(mm); free(m); return s; } int main () { int i, n, tw = 0, tv = 0, *s; n = sizeof (items) / sizeof (item_t); s = knapsack(items, n, 400); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (s[i]) { printf("%-22s %5d %5d\n", items[i].name, items[i].weight, items[i].value); tw += items[i].weight; tv += items[i].value; } } printf("%-22s %5d %5d\n", "totals:", tw, tv); return 0; }
package hu.pj.alg.test; import hu.pj.alg.ZeroOneKnapsack; import hu.pj.obj.Item; import java.util.*; import java.text.*; public class ZeroOneKnapsackForTourists { public ZeroOneKnapsackForTourists() { ZeroOneKnapsack zok = new ZeroOneKnapsack(400); zok.add("map", 9, 150); zok.add("compass", 13, 35); zok.add("water", 153, 200); zok.add("sandwich", 50, 160); zok.add("glucose", 15, 60); zok.add("tin", 68, 45); zok.add("banana", 27, 60); zok.add("apple", 39, 40); zok.add("cheese", 23, 30); zok.add("beer", 52, 10); zok.add("suntan cream", 11, 70); zok.add("camera", 32, 30); zok.add("t-shirt", 24, 15); zok.add("trousers", 48, 10); zok.add("umbrella", 73, 40); zok.add("waterproof trousers", 42, 70); zok.add("waterproof overclothes", 43, 75); zok.add("note-case", 22, 80); zok.add("sunglasses", 7, 20); zok.add("towel", 18, 12); zok.add("socks", 4, 50); zok.add("book", 30, 10); List<Item> itemList = zok.calcSolution(); if (zok.isCalculated()) { NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(); System.out.println( "Maximal weight = " + nf.format(zok.getMaxWeight() / 100.0) + " kg" ); System.out.println( "Total weight of solution = " + nf.format(zok.getSolutionWeight() / 100.0) + " kg" ); System.out.println( "Total value = " + zok.getProfit() ); System.out.println(); System.out.println( "You can carry the following materials " + "in the knapsack:" ); for (Item item : itemList) { if (item.getInKnapsack() == 1) { System.out.format( "%1$-23s %2$-3s %3$-5s %4$-15s \n", item.getName(), item.getWeight(), "dag ", "(value = " + item.getValue() + ")" ); } } } else { System.out.println( "The problem is not solved. " + "Maybe you gave wrong data." ); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new ZeroOneKnapsackForTourists(); } }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C version.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { char *name; int weight; int value; } item_t; item_t items[] = { {"map", 9, 150}, {"compass", 13, 35}, {"water", 153, 200}, {"sandwich", 50, 160}, {"glucose", 15, 60}, {"tin", 68, 45}, {"banana", 27, 60}, {"apple", 39, 40}, {"cheese", 23, 30}, {"beer", 52, 10}, {"suntan cream", 11, 70}, {"camera", 32, 30}, {"T-shirt", 24, 15}, {"trousers", 48, 10}, {"umbrella", 73, 40}, {"waterproof trousers", 42, 70}, {"waterproof overclothes", 43, 75}, {"note-case", 22, 80}, {"sunglasses", 7, 20}, {"towel", 18, 12}, {"socks", 4, 50}, {"book", 30, 10}, }; int *knapsack (item_t *items, int n, int w) { int i, j, a, b, *mm, **m, *s; mm = calloc((n + 1) * (w + 1), sizeof (int)); m = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof (int *)); m[0] = mm; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { m[i] = &mm[i * (w + 1)]; for (j = 0; j <= w; j++) { if (items[i - 1].weight > j) { m[i][j] = m[i - 1][j]; } else { a = m[i - 1][j]; b = m[i - 1][j - items[i - 1].weight] + items[i - 1].value; m[i][j] = a > b ? a : b; } } } s = calloc(n, sizeof (int)); for (i = n, j = w; i > 0; i--) { if (m[i][j] > m[i - 1][j]) { s[i - 1] = 1; j -= items[i - 1].weight; } } free(mm); free(m); return s; } int main () { int i, n, tw = 0, tv = 0, *s; n = sizeof (items) / sizeof (item_t); s = knapsack(items, n, 400); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (s[i]) { printf("%-22s %5d %5d\n", items[i].name, items[i].weight, items[i].value); tw += items[i].weight; tv += items[i].value; } } printf("%-22s %5d %5d\n", "totals:", tw, tv); return 0; }
package hu.pj.alg.test; import hu.pj.alg.ZeroOneKnapsack; import hu.pj.obj.Item; import java.util.*; import java.text.*; public class ZeroOneKnapsackForTourists { public ZeroOneKnapsackForTourists() { ZeroOneKnapsack zok = new ZeroOneKnapsack(400); zok.add("map", 9, 150); zok.add("compass", 13, 35); zok.add("water", 153, 200); zok.add("sandwich", 50, 160); zok.add("glucose", 15, 60); zok.add("tin", 68, 45); zok.add("banana", 27, 60); zok.add("apple", 39, 40); zok.add("cheese", 23, 30); zok.add("beer", 52, 10); zok.add("suntan cream", 11, 70); zok.add("camera", 32, 30); zok.add("t-shirt", 24, 15); zok.add("trousers", 48, 10); zok.add("umbrella", 73, 40); zok.add("waterproof trousers", 42, 70); zok.add("waterproof overclothes", 43, 75); zok.add("note-case", 22, 80); zok.add("sunglasses", 7, 20); zok.add("towel", 18, 12); zok.add("socks", 4, 50); zok.add("book", 30, 10); List<Item> itemList = zok.calcSolution(); if (zok.isCalculated()) { NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(); System.out.println( "Maximal weight = " + nf.format(zok.getMaxWeight() / 100.0) + " kg" ); System.out.println( "Total weight of solution = " + nf.format(zok.getSolutionWeight() / 100.0) + " kg" ); System.out.println( "Total value = " + zok.getProfit() ); System.out.println(); System.out.println( "You can carry the following materials " + "in the knapsack:" ); for (Item item : itemList) { if (item.getInKnapsack() == 1) { System.out.format( "%1$-23s %2$-3s %3$-5s %4$-15s \n", item.getName(), item.getWeight(), "dag ", "(value = " + item.getValue() + ")" ); } } } else { System.out.println( "The problem is not solved. " + "Maybe you gave wrong data." ); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new ZeroOneKnapsackForTourists(); } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C code in Java.
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAXPRIME 99 #define MAXPARENT 99 #define NBRPRIMES 30 #define NBRANCESTORS 10 FILE *FileOut; char format[] = ", %lld"; int Primes[NBRPRIMES]; int iPrimes; short Ancestors[NBRANCESTORS]; struct Children { long long Child; struct Children *pNext; }; struct Children *Parents[MAXPARENT+1][2]; int CptDescendants[MAXPARENT+1]; long long MaxDescendant = (long long) pow(3.0, 33.0); short GetParent(long long child); struct Children *AppendChild(struct Children *node, long long child); short GetAncestors(short child); void PrintDescendants(struct Children *node); int GetPrimes(int primes[], int maxPrime); int main() { long long Child; short i, Parent, Level; int TotDesc = 0; if ((iPrimes = GetPrimes(Primes, MAXPRIME)) < 0) return 1; for (Child = 1; Child <= MaxDescendant; Child++) { if (Parent = GetParent(Child)) { Parents[Parent][1] = AppendChild(Parents[Parent][1], Child); if (Parents[Parent][0] == NULL) Parents[Parent][0] = Parents[Parent][1]; CptDescendants[Parent]++; } } if (MAXPARENT > MAXPRIME) if (GetPrimes(Primes, MAXPARENT) < 0) return 1; if (fopen_s(&FileOut, "Ancestors.txt", "w")) return 1; for (Parent = 1; Parent <= MAXPARENT; Parent++) { Level = GetAncestors(Parent); fprintf(FileOut, "[%d] Level: %d\n", Parent, Level); if (Level) { fprintf(FileOut, "Ancestors: %d", Ancestors[0]); for (i = 1; i < Level; i++) fprintf(FileOut, ", %d", Ancestors[i]); } else fprintf(FileOut, "Ancestors: None"); if (CptDescendants[Parent]) { fprintf(FileOut, "\nDescendants: %d\n", CptDescendants[Parent]); strcpy_s(format, "%lld"); PrintDescendants(Parents[Parent][0]); fprintf(FileOut, "\n"); } else fprintf(FileOut, "\nDescendants: None\n"); fprintf(FileOut, "\n"); TotDesc += CptDescendants[Parent]; } fprintf(FileOut, "Total descendants %d\n\n", TotDesc); if (fclose(FileOut)) return 1; return 0; } short GetParent(long long child) { long long Child = child; short Parent = 0; short Index = 0; while (Child > 1 && Parent <= MAXPARENT) { if (Index > iPrimes) return 0; while (Child % Primes[Index] == 0) { Child /= Primes[Index]; Parent += Primes[Index]; } Index++; } if (Parent == child || Parent > MAXPARENT || child == 1) return 0; return Parent; } struct Children *AppendChild(struct Children *node, long long child) { static struct Children *NodeNew; if (NodeNew = (struct Children *) malloc(sizeof(struct Children))) { NodeNew->Child = child; NodeNew->pNext = NULL; if (node != NULL) node->pNext = NodeNew; } return NodeNew; } short GetAncestors(short child) { short Child = child; short Parent = 0; short Index = 0; while (Child > 1) { while (Child % Primes[Index] == 0) { Child /= Primes[Index]; Parent += Primes[Index]; } Index++; } if (Parent == child || child == 1) return 0; Index = GetAncestors(Parent); Ancestors[Index] = Parent; return ++Index; } void PrintDescendants(struct Children *node) { static struct Children *NodeCurr; static struct Children *NodePrev; NodeCurr = node; NodePrev = NULL; while (NodeCurr) { fprintf(FileOut, format, NodeCurr->Child); strcpy_s(format, ", %lld"); NodePrev = NodeCurr; NodeCurr = NodeCurr->pNext; free(NodePrev); } return; } int GetPrimes(int primes[], int maxPrime) { if (maxPrime < 2) return -1; int Index = 0, Value = 1; int Max, i; primes[0] = 2; while ((Value += 2) <= maxPrime) { Max = (int) floor(sqrt((double) Value)); for (i = 0; i <= Index; i++) { if (primes[i] > Max) { if (++Index >= NBRPRIMES) return -1; primes[Index] = Value; break; } if (Value % primes[i] == 0) break; } } return Index; }
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class PrimeDescendants { public static void main(String[] args) { try (Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out))) { printPrimeDesc(writer, 100); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } private static void printPrimeDesc(Writer writer, int limit) throws IOException { List<Long> primes = findPrimes(limit); List<Long> ancestor = new ArrayList<>(limit); List<List<Long>> descendants = new ArrayList<>(limit); for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) { ancestor.add(Long.valueOf(0)); descendants.add(new ArrayList<Long>()); } for (Long prime : primes) { int p = prime.intValue(); descendants.get(p).add(prime); for (int i = 0; i + p < limit; ++i) { int s = i + p; for (Long n : descendants.get(i)) { Long prod = n * p; descendants.get(s).add(prod); if (prod < limit) ancestor.set(prod.intValue(), Long.valueOf(s)); } } } int totalDescendants = 0; for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) { List<Long> ancestors = getAncestors(ancestor, i); writer.write("[" + i + "] Level: " + ancestors.size() + "\n"); writer.write("Ancestors: "); Collections.sort(ancestors); print(writer, ancestors); writer.write("Descendants: "); List<Long> desc = descendants.get(i); if (!desc.isEmpty()) { Collections.sort(desc); if (desc.get(0) == i) desc.remove(0); } writer.write(desc.size() + "\n"); totalDescendants += desc.size(); if (!desc.isEmpty()) print(writer, desc); writer.write("\n"); } writer.write("Total descendants: " + totalDescendants + "\n"); } private static List<Long> findPrimes(int limit) { boolean[] isprime = new boolean[limit]; Arrays.fill(isprime, true); isprime[0] = isprime[1] = false; for (int p = 2; p * p < limit; ++p) { if (isprime[p]) { for (int i = p * p; i < limit; i += p) isprime[i] = false; } } List<Long> primes = new ArrayList<>(); for (int p = 2; p < limit; ++p) { if (isprime[p]) primes.add(Long.valueOf(p)); } return primes; } private static List<Long> getAncestors(List<Long> ancestor, int n) { List<Long> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (Long a = ancestor.get(n); a != 0 && a != n; ) { n = a.intValue(); a = ancestor.get(n); result.add(Long.valueOf(n)); } return result; } private static void print(Writer writer, List<Long> list) throws IOException { if (list.isEmpty()) { writer.write("none\n"); return; } int i = 0; writer.write(String.valueOf(list.get(i++))); for (; i != list.size(); ++i) writer.write(", " + list.get(i)); writer.write("\n"); } }
Translate the given C code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
#include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> void cartesianProduct(int** sets, int* setLengths, int* currentSet, int numSets, int times){ int i,j; if(times==numSets){ printf("("); for(i=0;i<times;i++){ printf("%d,",currentSet[i]); } printf("\b),"); } else{ for(j=0;j<setLengths[times];j++){ currentSet[times] = sets[times][j]; cartesianProduct(sets,setLengths,currentSet,numSets,times+1); } } } void printSets(int** sets, int* setLengths, int numSets){ int i,j; printf("\nNumber of sets : %d",numSets); for(i=0;i<numSets+1;i++){ printf("\nSet %d : ",i+1); for(j=0;j<setLengths[i];j++){ printf(" %d ",sets[i][j]); } } } void processInputString(char* str){ int **sets, *currentSet, *setLengths, setLength, numSets = 0, i,j,k,l,start,counter=0; char *token,*holder,*holderToken; for(i=0;str[i]!=00;i++) if(str[i]=='x') numSets++; if(numSets==0){ printf("\n%s",str); return; } currentSet = (int*)calloc(sizeof(int),numSets + 1); setLengths = (int*)calloc(sizeof(int),numSets + 1); sets = (int**)malloc((numSets + 1)*sizeof(int*)); token = strtok(str,"x"); while(token!=NULL){ holder = (char*)malloc(strlen(token)*sizeof(char)); j = 0; for(i=0;token[i]!=00;i++){ if(token[i]>='0' && token[i]<='9') holder[j++] = token[i]; else if(token[i]==',') holder[j++] = ' '; } holder[j] = 00; setLength = 0; for(i=0;holder[i]!=00;i++) if(holder[i]==' ') setLength++; if(setLength==0 && strlen(holder)==0){ printf("\n{}"); return; } setLengths[counter] = setLength+1; sets[counter] = (int*)malloc((1+setLength)*sizeof(int)); k = 0; start = 0; for(l=0;holder[l]!=00;l++){ if(holder[l+1]==' '||holder[l+1]==00){ holderToken = (char*)malloc((l+1-start)*sizeof(char)); strncpy(holderToken,holder + start,l+1-start); sets[counter][k++] = atoi(holderToken); start = l+2; } } counter++; token = strtok(NULL,"x"); } printf("\n{"); cartesianProduct(sets,setLengths,currentSet,numSets + 1,0); printf("\b}"); } int main(int argC,char* argV[]) { if(argC!=2) printf("Usage : %s <Set product expression enclosed in double quotes>",argV[0]); else processInputString(argV[1]); return 0; }
import static java.util.Arrays.asList; import static java.util.Collections.emptyList; import static java.util.Optional.of; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; import java.util.List; public class CartesianProduct { public List<?> product(List<?>... a) { if (a.length >= 2) { List<?> product = a[0]; for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) { product = product(product, a[i]); } return product; } return emptyList(); } private <A, B> List<?> product(List<A> a, List<B> b) { return of(a.stream() .map(e1 -> of(b.stream().map(e2 -> asList(e1, e2)).collect(toList())).orElse(emptyList())) .flatMap(List::stream) .collect(toList())).orElse(emptyList()); } }
Convert the following code from C to Java, ensuring the logic remains intact.
#include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> void cartesianProduct(int** sets, int* setLengths, int* currentSet, int numSets, int times){ int i,j; if(times==numSets){ printf("("); for(i=0;i<times;i++){ printf("%d,",currentSet[i]); } printf("\b),"); } else{ for(j=0;j<setLengths[times];j++){ currentSet[times] = sets[times][j]; cartesianProduct(sets,setLengths,currentSet,numSets,times+1); } } } void printSets(int** sets, int* setLengths, int numSets){ int i,j; printf("\nNumber of sets : %d",numSets); for(i=0;i<numSets+1;i++){ printf("\nSet %d : ",i+1); for(j=0;j<setLengths[i];j++){ printf(" %d ",sets[i][j]); } } } void processInputString(char* str){ int **sets, *currentSet, *setLengths, setLength, numSets = 0, i,j,k,l,start,counter=0; char *token,*holder,*holderToken; for(i=0;str[i]!=00;i++) if(str[i]=='x') numSets++; if(numSets==0){ printf("\n%s",str); return; } currentSet = (int*)calloc(sizeof(int),numSets + 1); setLengths = (int*)calloc(sizeof(int),numSets + 1); sets = (int**)malloc((numSets + 1)*sizeof(int*)); token = strtok(str,"x"); while(token!=NULL){ holder = (char*)malloc(strlen(token)*sizeof(char)); j = 0; for(i=0;token[i]!=00;i++){ if(token[i]>='0' && token[i]<='9') holder[j++] = token[i]; else if(token[i]==',') holder[j++] = ' '; } holder[j] = 00; setLength = 0; for(i=0;holder[i]!=00;i++) if(holder[i]==' ') setLength++; if(setLength==0 && strlen(holder)==0){ printf("\n{}"); return; } setLengths[counter] = setLength+1; sets[counter] = (int*)malloc((1+setLength)*sizeof(int)); k = 0; start = 0; for(l=0;holder[l]!=00;l++){ if(holder[l+1]==' '||holder[l+1]==00){ holderToken = (char*)malloc((l+1-start)*sizeof(char)); strncpy(holderToken,holder + start,l+1-start); sets[counter][k++] = atoi(holderToken); start = l+2; } } counter++; token = strtok(NULL,"x"); } printf("\n{"); cartesianProduct(sets,setLengths,currentSet,numSets + 1,0); printf("\b}"); } int main(int argC,char* argV[]) { if(argC!=2) printf("Usage : %s <Set product expression enclosed in double quotes>",argV[0]); else processInputString(argV[1]); return 0; }
import static java.util.Arrays.asList; import static java.util.Collections.emptyList; import static java.util.Optional.of; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; import java.util.List; public class CartesianProduct { public List<?> product(List<?>... a) { if (a.length >= 2) { List<?> product = a[0]; for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) { product = product(product, a[i]); } return product; } return emptyList(); } private <A, B> List<?> product(List<A> a, List<B> b) { return of(a.stream() .map(e1 -> of(b.stream().map(e2 -> asList(e1, e2)).collect(toList())).orElse(emptyList())) .flatMap(List::stream) .collect(toList())).orElse(emptyList()); } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C code in Java.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> typedef double (*Class2Func)(double); double functionA( double v) { return v*v*v; } double functionB(double v) { return exp(log(v)/3); } double Function1( Class2Func f2, double val ) { return f2(val); } Class2Func WhichFunc( int idx) { return (idx < 4) ? &functionA : &functionB; } Class2Func funcListA[] = {&functionA, &sin, &cos, &tan }; Class2Func funcListB[] = {&functionB, &asin, &acos, &atan }; double InvokeComposed( Class2Func f1, Class2Func f2, double val ) { return f1(f2(val)); } typedef struct sComposition { Class2Func f1; Class2Func f2; } *Composition; Composition Compose( Class2Func f1, Class2Func f2) { Composition comp = malloc(sizeof(struct sComposition)); comp->f1 = f1; comp->f2 = f2; return comp; } double CallComposed( Composition comp, double val ) { return comp->f1( comp->f2(val) ); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int ix; Composition c; printf("Function1(functionA, 3.0) = %f\n", Function1(WhichFunc(0), 3.0)); for (ix=0; ix<4; ix++) { c = Compose(funcListA[ix], funcListB[ix]); printf("Compostion %d(0.9) = %f\n", ix, CallComposed(c, 0.9)); } return 0; }
import java.util.ArrayList; public class FirstClass{ public interface Function<A,B>{ B apply(A x); } public static <A,B,C> Function<A, C> compose( final Function<B, C> f, final Function<A, B> g) { return new Function<A, C>() { @Override public C apply(A x) { return f.apply(g.apply(x)); } }; } public static void main(String[] args){ ArrayList<Function<Double, Double>> functions = new ArrayList<Function<Double,Double>>(); functions.add( new Function<Double, Double>(){ @Override public Double apply(Double x){ return Math.cos(x); } }); functions.add( new Function<Double, Double>(){ @Override public Double apply(Double x){ return Math.tan(x); } }); functions.add( new Function<Double, Double>(){ @Override public Double apply(Double x){ return x * x; } }); ArrayList<Function<Double, Double>> inverse = new ArrayList<Function<Double,Double>>(); inverse.add( new Function<Double, Double>(){ @Override public Double apply(Double x){ return Math.acos(x); } }); inverse.add( new Function<Double, Double>(){ @Override public Double apply(Double x){ return Math.atan(x); } }); inverse.add( new Function<Double, Double>(){ @Override public Double apply(Double x){ return Math.sqrt(x); } }); System.out.println("Compositions:"); for(int i = 0; i < functions.size(); i++){ System.out.println(compose(functions.get(i), inverse.get(i)).apply(0.5)); } System.out.println("Hard-coded compositions:"); System.out.println(Math.cos(Math.acos(0.5))); System.out.println(Math.tan(Math.atan(0.5))); System.out.println(Math.pow(Math.sqrt(0.5), 2)); } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C to Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> int proper_divisors(const int n, bool print_flag) { int count = 0; for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (n % i == 0) { count++; if (print_flag) printf("%d ", i); } } if (print_flag) printf("\n"); return count; } int main(void) { for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) { printf("%d: ", i); proper_divisors(i, true); } int max = 0; int max_i = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= 20000; ++i) { int v = proper_divisors(i, false); if (v >= max) { max = v; max_i = i; } } printf("%d with %d divisors\n", max_i, max); return 0; }
import java.util.Collections; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; public class Proper{ public static List<Integer> properDivs(int n){ List<Integer> divs = new LinkedList<Integer>(); if(n == 1) return divs; divs.add(1); for(int x = 2; x < n; x++){ if(n % x == 0) divs.add(x); } Collections.sort(divs); return divs; } public static void main(String[] args){ for(int x = 1; x <= 10; x++){ System.out.println(x + ": " + properDivs(x)); } int x = 0, count = 0; for(int n = 1; n <= 20000; n++){ if(properDivs(n).size() > count){ x = n; count = properDivs(n).size(); } } System.out.println(x + ": " + count); } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <libxml/parser.h> #include <libxml/tree.h> const char *names[] = { "April", "Tam O'Shanter", "Emily", NULL }; const char *remarks[] = { "Bubbly: I'm > Tam and <= Emily", "Burns: \"When chapman billies leave the street ...\"", "Short & shrift", NULL }; int main() { xmlDoc *doc = NULL; xmlNode *root = NULL, *node; const char **next; int a; doc = xmlNewDoc("1.0"); root = xmlNewNode(NULL, "CharacterRemarks"); xmlDocSetRootElement(doc, root); for(next = names, a = 0; *next != NULL; next++, a++) { node = xmlNewNode(NULL, "Character"); (void)xmlNewProp(node, "name", *next); xmlAddChild(node, xmlNewText(remarks[a])); xmlAddChild(root, node); } xmlElemDump(stdout, doc, root); xmlFreeDoc(doc); xmlCleanupParser(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
import java.io.StringWriter; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.transform.Result; import javax.xml.transform.Source; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; public class XmlCreation { private static final String[] names = {"April", "Tam O'Shanter", "Emily"}; private static final String[] remarks = {"Bubbly: I'm > Tam and <= Emily", "Burns: \"When chapman billies leave the street ...\"", "Short & shrift"}; public static void main(String[] args) { try { final Document doc = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().newDocument(); final Element root = doc.createElement("CharacterRemarks"); doc.appendChild(root); for(int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) { final Element character = doc.createElement("Character"); root.appendChild(character); character.setAttribute("name", names[i]); character.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(remarks[i])); } final Source source = new DOMSource(doc); final StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter(); final Result result = new StreamResult(buffer); final Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer(); transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes"); transformer.transform(source, result); System.out.println(buffer.toString()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Generate a Java translation of this C snippet without changing its computational steps.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <plot.h> #define NP 10 double x[NP] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; double y[NP] = {2.7, 2.8, 31.4, 38.1, 58.0, 76.2, 100.5, 130.0, 149.3, 180.0}; void minmax(double *x, double *y, double *minx, double *maxx, double *miny, double *maxy, int n) { int i; *minx = *maxx = x[0]; *miny = *maxy = y[0]; for(i=1; i < n; i++) { if ( x[i] < *minx ) *minx = x[i]; if ( x[i] > *maxx ) *maxx = x[i]; if ( y[i] < *miny ) *miny = y[i]; if ( y[i] > *maxy ) *maxy = y[i]; } } #define YLAB_HEIGHT_F 0.1 #define XLAB_WIDTH_F 0.2 #define XDIV (NP*1.0) #define YDIV (NP*1.0) #define EXTRA_W 0.01 #define EXTRA_H 0.01 #define DOTSCALE (1.0/150.0) #define MAXLABLEN 32 #define PUSHSCALE(X,Y) pl_fscale((X),(Y)) #define POPSCALE(X,Y) pl_fscale(1.0/(X), 1.0/(Y)) #define FMOVESCALE(X,Y) pl_fmove((X)/sx, (Y)/sy) int main() { int plotter, i; double minx, miny, maxx, maxy; double lx, ly; double xticstep, yticstep, nx, ny; double sx, sy; char labs[MAXLABLEN+1]; plotter = pl_newpl("png", NULL, stdout, NULL); if ( plotter < 0 ) exit(1); pl_selectpl(plotter); if ( pl_openpl() < 0 ) exit(1); minmax(x, y, &minx, &maxx, &miny, &maxy, NP); lx = maxx - minx; ly = maxy - miny; pl_fspace(floor(minx) - XLAB_WIDTH_F * lx, floor(miny) - YLAB_HEIGHT_F * ly, ceil(maxx) + EXTRA_W * lx, ceil(maxy) + EXTRA_H * ly); xticstep = (ceil(maxx) - floor(minx)) / XDIV; yticstep = (ceil(maxy) - floor(miny)) / YDIV; pl_flinewidth(0.25); if ( lx < ly ) { sx = lx/ly; sy = 1.0; } else { sx = 1.0; sy = ly/lx; } pl_erase(); pl_fbox(floor(minx), floor(miny), ceil(maxx), ceil(maxy)); pl_fontname("HersheySerif"); for(ny=floor(miny); ny < ceil(maxy); ny += yticstep) { pl_fline(floor(minx), ny, ceil(maxx), ny); snprintf(labs, MAXLABLEN, "%6.2lf", ny); FMOVESCALE(floor(minx) - XLAB_WIDTH_F * lx, ny); PUSHSCALE(sx,sy); pl_label(labs); POPSCALE(sx,sy); } for(nx=floor(minx); nx < ceil(maxx); nx += xticstep) { pl_fline(nx, floor(miny), nx, ceil(maxy)); snprintf(labs, MAXLABLEN, "%6.2lf", nx); FMOVESCALE(nx, floor(miny)); PUSHSCALE(sx,sy); pl_ftextangle(-90); pl_alabel('l', 'b', labs); POPSCALE(sx,sy); } pl_fillcolorname("red"); pl_filltype(1); for(i=0; i < NP; i++) { pl_fbox(x[i] - lx * DOTSCALE, y[i] - ly * DOTSCALE, x[i] + lx * DOTSCALE, y[i] + ly * DOTSCALE); } pl_flushpl(); pl_closepl(); }
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import javax.swing.JApplet; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class Plot2d extends JApplet { double[] xi; double[] yi; public Plot2d(double[] x, double[] y) { this.xi = x; this.yi = y; } public static double max(double[] t) { double maximum = t[0]; for (int i = 1; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i] > maximum) { maximum = t[i]; } } return maximum; } public static double min(double[] t) { double minimum = t[0]; for (int i = 1; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i] < minimum) { minimum = t[i]; } } return minimum; } public void init() { setBackground(Color.white); setForeground(Color.white); } public void paint(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g2.setPaint(Color.black); int x0 = 70; int y0 = 10; int xm = 670; int ym = 410; int xspan = xm - x0; int yspan = ym - y0; double xmax = max(xi); double xmin = min(xi); double ymax = max(yi); double ymin = min(yi); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0, ym, xm, ym)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0, ym, x0, y0)); for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { int interv = 4; g2.drawString("" + (j * (xmax - xmin) / interv + xmin), j * xspan / interv + x0 - 10, ym + 20); g2.drawString("" + (j * (ymax - ymin) / interv + ymin), x0 - 20 - (int) (9 * Math.log10(ymax)), ym - j * yspan / interv + y0 - 5); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(j * xspan / interv + x0, ym, j * xspan / interv + x0, ym + 5)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0 - 5, j * yspan / interv + y0, x0, j * yspan / interv + y0)); } for (int i = 0; i < xi.length; i++) { int f = (int) ((xi[i] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int h = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); g2.drawString("o", x0 + f - 3, h + 14); } for (int i = 0; i < xi.length - 1; i++) { int f = (int) ((xi[i] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int f2 = (int) ((xi[i + 1] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int h = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); int h2 = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i + 1] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(f + x0, h + y0, f2 + x0, h2 + y0)); } } public static void main(String args[]) { JFrame f = new JFrame("ShapesDemo2D"); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); double[] r = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; double[] t = {2.7, 2.8, 31.4, 38.1, 58.0, 76.2, 100.5, 130.0, 149.3, 180.09}; JApplet applet = new Plot2d(r, t); f.getContentPane().add("Center", applet); applet.init(); f.pack(); f.setSize(new Dimension(720, 480)); f.show(); } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C to Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <plot.h> #define NP 10 double x[NP] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; double y[NP] = {2.7, 2.8, 31.4, 38.1, 58.0, 76.2, 100.5, 130.0, 149.3, 180.0}; void minmax(double *x, double *y, double *minx, double *maxx, double *miny, double *maxy, int n) { int i; *minx = *maxx = x[0]; *miny = *maxy = y[0]; for(i=1; i < n; i++) { if ( x[i] < *minx ) *minx = x[i]; if ( x[i] > *maxx ) *maxx = x[i]; if ( y[i] < *miny ) *miny = y[i]; if ( y[i] > *maxy ) *maxy = y[i]; } } #define YLAB_HEIGHT_F 0.1 #define XLAB_WIDTH_F 0.2 #define XDIV (NP*1.0) #define YDIV (NP*1.0) #define EXTRA_W 0.01 #define EXTRA_H 0.01 #define DOTSCALE (1.0/150.0) #define MAXLABLEN 32 #define PUSHSCALE(X,Y) pl_fscale((X),(Y)) #define POPSCALE(X,Y) pl_fscale(1.0/(X), 1.0/(Y)) #define FMOVESCALE(X,Y) pl_fmove((X)/sx, (Y)/sy) int main() { int plotter, i; double minx, miny, maxx, maxy; double lx, ly; double xticstep, yticstep, nx, ny; double sx, sy; char labs[MAXLABLEN+1]; plotter = pl_newpl("png", NULL, stdout, NULL); if ( plotter < 0 ) exit(1); pl_selectpl(plotter); if ( pl_openpl() < 0 ) exit(1); minmax(x, y, &minx, &maxx, &miny, &maxy, NP); lx = maxx - minx; ly = maxy - miny; pl_fspace(floor(minx) - XLAB_WIDTH_F * lx, floor(miny) - YLAB_HEIGHT_F * ly, ceil(maxx) + EXTRA_W * lx, ceil(maxy) + EXTRA_H * ly); xticstep = (ceil(maxx) - floor(minx)) / XDIV; yticstep = (ceil(maxy) - floor(miny)) / YDIV; pl_flinewidth(0.25); if ( lx < ly ) { sx = lx/ly; sy = 1.0; } else { sx = 1.0; sy = ly/lx; } pl_erase(); pl_fbox(floor(minx), floor(miny), ceil(maxx), ceil(maxy)); pl_fontname("HersheySerif"); for(ny=floor(miny); ny < ceil(maxy); ny += yticstep) { pl_fline(floor(minx), ny, ceil(maxx), ny); snprintf(labs, MAXLABLEN, "%6.2lf", ny); FMOVESCALE(floor(minx) - XLAB_WIDTH_F * lx, ny); PUSHSCALE(sx,sy); pl_label(labs); POPSCALE(sx,sy); } for(nx=floor(minx); nx < ceil(maxx); nx += xticstep) { pl_fline(nx, floor(miny), nx, ceil(maxy)); snprintf(labs, MAXLABLEN, "%6.2lf", nx); FMOVESCALE(nx, floor(miny)); PUSHSCALE(sx,sy); pl_ftextangle(-90); pl_alabel('l', 'b', labs); POPSCALE(sx,sy); } pl_fillcolorname("red"); pl_filltype(1); for(i=0; i < NP; i++) { pl_fbox(x[i] - lx * DOTSCALE, y[i] - ly * DOTSCALE, x[i] + lx * DOTSCALE, y[i] + ly * DOTSCALE); } pl_flushpl(); pl_closepl(); }
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import javax.swing.JApplet; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class Plot2d extends JApplet { double[] xi; double[] yi; public Plot2d(double[] x, double[] y) { this.xi = x; this.yi = y; } public static double max(double[] t) { double maximum = t[0]; for (int i = 1; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i] > maximum) { maximum = t[i]; } } return maximum; } public static double min(double[] t) { double minimum = t[0]; for (int i = 1; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i] < minimum) { minimum = t[i]; } } return minimum; } public void init() { setBackground(Color.white); setForeground(Color.white); } public void paint(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g2.setPaint(Color.black); int x0 = 70; int y0 = 10; int xm = 670; int ym = 410; int xspan = xm - x0; int yspan = ym - y0; double xmax = max(xi); double xmin = min(xi); double ymax = max(yi); double ymin = min(yi); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0, ym, xm, ym)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0, ym, x0, y0)); for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { int interv = 4; g2.drawString("" + (j * (xmax - xmin) / interv + xmin), j * xspan / interv + x0 - 10, ym + 20); g2.drawString("" + (j * (ymax - ymin) / interv + ymin), x0 - 20 - (int) (9 * Math.log10(ymax)), ym - j * yspan / interv + y0 - 5); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(j * xspan / interv + x0, ym, j * xspan / interv + x0, ym + 5)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0 - 5, j * yspan / interv + y0, x0, j * yspan / interv + y0)); } for (int i = 0; i < xi.length; i++) { int f = (int) ((xi[i] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int h = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); g2.drawString("o", x0 + f - 3, h + 14); } for (int i = 0; i < xi.length - 1; i++) { int f = (int) ((xi[i] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int f2 = (int) ((xi[i + 1] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int h = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); int h2 = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i + 1] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(f + x0, h + y0, f2 + x0, h2 + y0)); } } public static void main(String args[]) { JFrame f = new JFrame("ShapesDemo2D"); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); double[] r = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; double[] t = {2.7, 2.8, 31.4, 38.1, 58.0, 76.2, 100.5, 130.0, 149.3, 180.09}; JApplet applet = new Plot2d(r, t); f.getContentPane().add("Center", applet); applet.init(); f.pack(); f.setSize(new Dimension(720, 480)); f.show(); } }
Generate a Java translation of this C snippet without changing its computational steps.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <plot.h> #define NP 10 double x[NP] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; double y[NP] = {2.7, 2.8, 31.4, 38.1, 58.0, 76.2, 100.5, 130.0, 149.3, 180.0}; void minmax(double *x, double *y, double *minx, double *maxx, double *miny, double *maxy, int n) { int i; *minx = *maxx = x[0]; *miny = *maxy = y[0]; for(i=1; i < n; i++) { if ( x[i] < *minx ) *minx = x[i]; if ( x[i] > *maxx ) *maxx = x[i]; if ( y[i] < *miny ) *miny = y[i]; if ( y[i] > *maxy ) *maxy = y[i]; } } #define YLAB_HEIGHT_F 0.1 #define XLAB_WIDTH_F 0.2 #define XDIV (NP*1.0) #define YDIV (NP*1.0) #define EXTRA_W 0.01 #define EXTRA_H 0.01 #define DOTSCALE (1.0/150.0) #define MAXLABLEN 32 #define PUSHSCALE(X,Y) pl_fscale((X),(Y)) #define POPSCALE(X,Y) pl_fscale(1.0/(X), 1.0/(Y)) #define FMOVESCALE(X,Y) pl_fmove((X)/sx, (Y)/sy) int main() { int plotter, i; double minx, miny, maxx, maxy; double lx, ly; double xticstep, yticstep, nx, ny; double sx, sy; char labs[MAXLABLEN+1]; plotter = pl_newpl("png", NULL, stdout, NULL); if ( plotter < 0 ) exit(1); pl_selectpl(plotter); if ( pl_openpl() < 0 ) exit(1); minmax(x, y, &minx, &maxx, &miny, &maxy, NP); lx = maxx - minx; ly = maxy - miny; pl_fspace(floor(minx) - XLAB_WIDTH_F * lx, floor(miny) - YLAB_HEIGHT_F * ly, ceil(maxx) + EXTRA_W * lx, ceil(maxy) + EXTRA_H * ly); xticstep = (ceil(maxx) - floor(minx)) / XDIV; yticstep = (ceil(maxy) - floor(miny)) / YDIV; pl_flinewidth(0.25); if ( lx < ly ) { sx = lx/ly; sy = 1.0; } else { sx = 1.0; sy = ly/lx; } pl_erase(); pl_fbox(floor(minx), floor(miny), ceil(maxx), ceil(maxy)); pl_fontname("HersheySerif"); for(ny=floor(miny); ny < ceil(maxy); ny += yticstep) { pl_fline(floor(minx), ny, ceil(maxx), ny); snprintf(labs, MAXLABLEN, "%6.2lf", ny); FMOVESCALE(floor(minx) - XLAB_WIDTH_F * lx, ny); PUSHSCALE(sx,sy); pl_label(labs); POPSCALE(sx,sy); } for(nx=floor(minx); nx < ceil(maxx); nx += xticstep) { pl_fline(nx, floor(miny), nx, ceil(maxy)); snprintf(labs, MAXLABLEN, "%6.2lf", nx); FMOVESCALE(nx, floor(miny)); PUSHSCALE(sx,sy); pl_ftextangle(-90); pl_alabel('l', 'b', labs); POPSCALE(sx,sy); } pl_fillcolorname("red"); pl_filltype(1); for(i=0; i < NP; i++) { pl_fbox(x[i] - lx * DOTSCALE, y[i] - ly * DOTSCALE, x[i] + lx * DOTSCALE, y[i] + ly * DOTSCALE); } pl_flushpl(); pl_closepl(); }
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import javax.swing.JApplet; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class Plot2d extends JApplet { double[] xi; double[] yi; public Plot2d(double[] x, double[] y) { this.xi = x; this.yi = y; } public static double max(double[] t) { double maximum = t[0]; for (int i = 1; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i] > maximum) { maximum = t[i]; } } return maximum; } public static double min(double[] t) { double minimum = t[0]; for (int i = 1; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i] < minimum) { minimum = t[i]; } } return minimum; } public void init() { setBackground(Color.white); setForeground(Color.white); } public void paint(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g2.setPaint(Color.black); int x0 = 70; int y0 = 10; int xm = 670; int ym = 410; int xspan = xm - x0; int yspan = ym - y0; double xmax = max(xi); double xmin = min(xi); double ymax = max(yi); double ymin = min(yi); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0, ym, xm, ym)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0, ym, x0, y0)); for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { int interv = 4; g2.drawString("" + (j * (xmax - xmin) / interv + xmin), j * xspan / interv + x0 - 10, ym + 20); g2.drawString("" + (j * (ymax - ymin) / interv + ymin), x0 - 20 - (int) (9 * Math.log10(ymax)), ym - j * yspan / interv + y0 - 5); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(j * xspan / interv + x0, ym, j * xspan / interv + x0, ym + 5)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x0 - 5, j * yspan / interv + y0, x0, j * yspan / interv + y0)); } for (int i = 0; i < xi.length; i++) { int f = (int) ((xi[i] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int h = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); g2.drawString("o", x0 + f - 3, h + 14); } for (int i = 0; i < xi.length - 1; i++) { int f = (int) ((xi[i] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int f2 = (int) ((xi[i + 1] - xmin) * xspan / (xmax - xmin)); int h = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); int h2 = (int) (((ymax - ymin) - (yi[i + 1] - ymin)) * yspan / (ymax - ymin)); g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(f + x0, h + y0, f2 + x0, h2 + y0)); } } public static void main(String args[]) { JFrame f = new JFrame("ShapesDemo2D"); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); double[] r = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; double[] t = {2.7, 2.8, 31.4, 38.1, 58.0, 76.2, 100.5, 130.0, 149.3, 180.09}; JApplet applet = new Plot2d(r, t); f.getContentPane().add("Center", applet); applet.init(); f.pack(); f.setSize(new Dimension(720, 480)); f.show(); } }
Convert this C block to Java, preserving its control flow and logic.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <regex.h> #include <string.h> int main() { regex_t preg; regmatch_t substmatch[1]; const char *tp = "string$"; const char *t1 = "this is a matching string"; const char *t2 = "this is not a matching string!"; const char *ss = "istyfied"; regcomp(&preg, "string$", REG_EXTENDED); printf("'%s' %smatched with '%s'\n", t1, (regexec(&preg, t1, 0, NULL, 0)==0) ? "" : "did not ", tp); printf("'%s' %smatched with '%s'\n", t2, (regexec(&preg, t2, 0, NULL, 0)==0) ? "" : "did not ", tp); regfree(&preg); regcomp(&preg, "a[a-z]+", REG_EXTENDED); if ( regexec(&preg, t1, 1, substmatch, 0) == 0 ) { char *ns = malloc(substmatch[0].rm_so + 1 + strlen(ss) + (strlen(t1) - substmatch[0].rm_eo) + 2); memcpy(ns, t1, substmatch[0].rm_so+1); memcpy(&ns[substmatch[0].rm_so], ss, strlen(ss)); memcpy(&ns[substmatch[0].rm_so+strlen(ss)], &t1[substmatch[0].rm_eo], strlen(&t1[substmatch[0].rm_eo])); ns[ substmatch[0].rm_so + strlen(ss) + strlen(&t1[substmatch[0].rm_eo]) ] = 0; printf("mod string: '%s'\n", ns); free(ns); } else { printf("the string '%s' is the same: no matching!\n", t1); } regfree(&preg); return 0; }
String str = "I am a string"; if (str.matches(".*string")) { System.out.println("ends with 'string'"); }
Generate an equivalent Java version of this C code.
#include <stdio.h> int main(){ int bounds[ 2 ] = {1, 100}; char input[ 2 ] = " "; int choice = (bounds[ 0 ] + bounds[ 1 ]) / 2; printf( "Choose a number between %d and %d.\n", bounds[ 0 ], bounds[ 1 ] ); do{ switch( input[ 0 ] ){ case 'H': bounds[ 1 ] = choice; break; case 'L': bounds[ 0 ] = choice; break; case 'Y': printf( "\nAwwwright\n" ); return 0; } choice = (bounds[ 0 ] + bounds[ 1 ]) / 2; printf( "Is the number %d? (Y/H/L) ", choice ); }while( scanf( "%1s", input ) == 1 ); return 0; }
import java.util.AbstractList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; public class GuessNumber { public static final int LOWER = 0, UPPER = 100; public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Instructions:\n" + "Think of integer number from %d (inclusive) to %d (exclusive) and\n" + "I will guess it. After each guess, you respond with L, H, or C depending\n" + "on if my guess was too low, too high, or correct.\n", LOWER, UPPER); int result = Collections.binarySearch(new AbstractList<Integer>() { private final Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); public int size() { return UPPER - LOWER; } public Integer get(int i) { System.out.printf("My guess is: %d. Is it too high, too low, or correct? (H/L/C) ", LOWER+i); String s = in.nextLine(); assert s.length() > 0; switch (Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(0))) { case 'l': return -1; case 'h': return 1; case 'c': return 0; } return -1; } }, 0); if (result < 0) System.out.println("That is impossible."); else System.out.printf("Your number is %d.\n", result); } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define KeyType const char * #define ValType int #define HASH_SIZE 4096 unsigned strhashkey( const char * key, int max) { unsigned h=0; unsigned hl, hr; while(*key) { h += *key; hl= 0x5C5 ^ (h&0xfff00000 )>>18; hr =(h&0x000fffff ); h = hl ^ hr ^ *key++; } return h % max; } typedef struct sHme { KeyType key; ValType value; struct sHme *link; } *MapEntry; typedef struct he { MapEntry first, last; } HashElement; HashElement hash[HASH_SIZE]; typedef void (*KeyCopyF)(KeyType *kdest, KeyType ksrc); typedef void (*ValCopyF)(ValType *vdest, ValType vsrc); typedef unsigned (*KeyHashF)( KeyType key, int upperBound ); typedef int (*KeyCmprF)(KeyType key1, KeyType key2); void HashAddH( KeyType key, ValType value, KeyCopyF copyKey, ValCopyF copyVal, KeyHashF hashKey, KeyCmprF keySame ) { unsigned hix = (*hashKey)(key, HASH_SIZE); MapEntry m_ent; for (m_ent= hash[hix].first; m_ent && !(*keySame)(m_ent->key,key); m_ent=m_ent->link); if (m_ent) { (*copyVal)(&m_ent->value, value); } else { MapEntry last; MapEntry hme = malloc(sizeof(struct sHme)); (*copyKey)(&hme->key, key); (*copyVal)(&hme->value, value); hme->link = NULL; last = hash[hix].last; if (last) { last->link = hme; } else hash[hix].first = hme; hash[hix].last = hme; } } int HashGetH(ValType *val, KeyType key, KeyHashF hashKey, KeyCmprF keySame ) { unsigned hix = (*hashKey)(key, HASH_SIZE); MapEntry m_ent; for (m_ent= hash[hix].first; m_ent && !(*keySame)(m_ent->key,key); m_ent=m_ent->link); if (m_ent) { *val = m_ent->value; } return (m_ent != NULL); } void copyStr(const char**dest, const char *src) { *dest = strdup(src); } void copyInt( int *dest, int src) { *dest = src; } int strCompare( const char *key1, const char *key2) { return strcmp(key1, key2) == 0; } void HashAdd( KeyType key, ValType value ) { HashAddH( key, value, &copyStr, &copyInt, &strhashkey, &strCompare); } int HashGet(ValType *val, KeyType key) { return HashGetH( val, key, &strhashkey, &strCompare); } int main() { static const char * keyList[] = {"red","orange","yellow","green", "blue", "violet" }; static int valuList[] = {1,43,640, 747, 42, 42}; int ix; for (ix=0; ix<6; ix++) { HashAdd(keyList[ix], valuList[ix]); } return 0; }
import java.util.HashMap; public static void main(String[] args){ String[] keys= {"a", "b", "c"}; int[] vals= {1, 2, 3}; HashMap<String, Integer> hash= new HashMap<String, Integer>(); for(int i= 0; i < keys.length; i++){ hash.put(keys[i], vals[i]); } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C to Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> size_t upper_bound(const int* array, size_t n, int value) { size_t start = 0; while (n > 0) { size_t step = n / 2; size_t index = start + step; if (value >= array[index]) { start = index + 1; n -= step + 1; } else { n = step; } } return start; } int* bins(const int* limits, size_t nlimits, const int* data, size_t ndata) { int* result = calloc(nlimits + 1, sizeof(int)); if (result == NULL) return NULL; for (size_t i = 0; i < ndata; ++i) ++result[upper_bound(limits, nlimits, data[i])]; return result; } void print_bins(const int* limits, size_t n, const int* bins) { if (n == 0) return; printf(" < %3d: %2d\n", limits[0], bins[0]); for (size_t i = 1; i < n; ++i) printf(">= %3d and < %3d: %2d\n", limits[i - 1], limits[i], bins[i]); printf(">= %3d  : %2d\n", limits[n - 1], bins[n]); } int main() { const int limits1[] = {23, 37, 43, 53, 67, 83}; const int data1[] = {95, 21, 94, 12, 99, 4, 70, 75, 83, 93, 52, 80, 57, 5, 53, 86, 65, 17, 92, 83, 71, 61, 54, 58, 47, 16, 8, 9, 32, 84, 7, 87, 46, 19, 30, 37, 96, 6, 98, 40, 79, 97, 45, 64, 60, 29, 49, 36, 43, 55}; printf("Example 1:\n"); size_t n = sizeof(limits1) / sizeof(int); int* b = bins(limits1, n, data1, sizeof(data1) / sizeof(int)); if (b == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } print_bins(limits1, n, b); free(b); const int limits2[] = {14, 18, 249, 312, 389, 392, 513, 591, 634, 720}; const int data2[] = { 445, 814, 519, 697, 700, 130, 255, 889, 481, 122, 932, 77, 323, 525, 570, 219, 367, 523, 442, 933, 416, 589, 930, 373, 202, 253, 775, 47, 731, 685, 293, 126, 133, 450, 545, 100, 741, 583, 763, 306, 655, 267, 248, 477, 549, 238, 62, 678, 98, 534, 622, 907, 406, 714, 184, 391, 913, 42, 560, 247, 346, 860, 56, 138, 546, 38, 985, 948, 58, 213, 799, 319, 390, 634, 458, 945, 733, 507, 916, 123, 345, 110, 720, 917, 313, 845, 426, 9, 457, 628, 410, 723, 354, 895, 881, 953, 677, 137, 397, 97, 854, 740, 83, 216, 421, 94, 517, 479, 292, 963, 376, 981, 480, 39, 257, 272, 157, 5, 316, 395, 787, 942, 456, 242, 759, 898, 576, 67, 298, 425, 894, 435, 831, 241, 989, 614, 987, 770, 384, 692, 698, 765, 331, 487, 251, 600, 879, 342, 982, 527, 736, 795, 585, 40, 54, 901, 408, 359, 577, 237, 605, 847, 353, 968, 832, 205, 838, 427, 876, 959, 686, 646, 835, 127, 621, 892, 443, 198, 988, 791, 466, 23, 707, 467, 33, 670, 921, 180, 991, 396, 160, 436, 717, 918, 8, 374, 101, 684, 727, 749}; printf("\nExample 2:\n"); n = sizeof(limits2) / sizeof(int); b = bins(limits2, n, data2, sizeof(data2) / sizeof(int)); if (b == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } print_bins(limits2, n, b); free(b); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; public class Bins { public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int[] bins( List<? extends T> limits, Iterable<? extends T> data) { int[] result = new int[limits.size() + 1]; for (T n : data) { int i = Collections.binarySearch(limits, n); if (i >= 0) { i = i+1; } else { i = ~i; } result[i]++; } return result; } public static void printBins(List<?> limits, int[] bins) { int n = limits.size(); if (n == 0) { return; } assert n+1 == bins.length; System.out.printf(" < %3s: %2d\n", limits.get(0), bins[0]); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { System.out.printf(">= %3s and < %3s: %2d\n", limits.get(i-1), limits.get(i), bins[i]); } System.out.printf(">= %3s  : %2d\n", limits.get(n-1), bins[n]); } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> limits = Arrays.asList(23, 37, 43, 53, 67, 83); List<Integer> data = Arrays.asList( 95, 21, 94, 12, 99, 4, 70, 75, 83, 93, 52, 80, 57, 5, 53, 86, 65, 17, 92, 83, 71, 61, 54, 58, 47, 16, 8, 9, 32, 84, 7, 87, 46, 19, 30, 37, 96, 6, 98, 40, 79, 97, 45, 64, 60, 29, 49, 36, 43, 55); System.out.println("Example 1:"); printBins(limits, bins(limits, data)); limits = Arrays.asList(14, 18, 249, 312, 389, 392, 513, 591, 634, 720); data = Arrays.asList( 445, 814, 519, 697, 700, 130, 255, 889, 481, 122, 932, 77, 323, 525, 570, 219, 367, 523, 442, 933, 416, 589, 930, 373, 202, 253, 775, 47, 731, 685, 293, 126, 133, 450, 545, 100, 741, 583, 763, 306, 655, 267, 248, 477, 549, 238, 62, 678, 98, 534, 622, 907, 406, 714, 184, 391, 913, 42, 560, 247, 346, 860, 56, 138, 546, 38, 985, 948, 58, 213, 799, 319, 390, 634, 458, 945, 733, 507, 916, 123, 345, 110, 720, 917, 313, 845, 426, 9, 457, 628, 410, 723, 354, 895, 881, 953, 677, 137, 397, 97, 854, 740, 83, 216, 421, 94, 517, 479, 292, 963, 376, 981, 480, 39, 257, 272, 157, 5, 316, 395, 787, 942, 456, 242, 759, 898, 576, 67, 298, 425, 894, 435, 831, 241, 989, 614, 987, 770, 384, 692, 698, 765, 331, 487, 251, 600, 879, 342, 982, 527, 736, 795, 585, 40, 54, 901, 408, 359, 577, 237, 605, 847, 353, 968, 832, 205, 838, 427, 876, 959, 686, 646, 835, 127, 621, 892, 443, 198, 988, 791, 466, 23, 707, 467, 33, 670, 921, 180, 991, 396, 160, 436, 717, 918, 8, 374, 101, 684, 727, 749); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Example 2:"); printBins(limits, bins(limits, data)); } }
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this C implementation.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> size_t upper_bound(const int* array, size_t n, int value) { size_t start = 0; while (n > 0) { size_t step = n / 2; size_t index = start + step; if (value >= array[index]) { start = index + 1; n -= step + 1; } else { n = step; } } return start; } int* bins(const int* limits, size_t nlimits, const int* data, size_t ndata) { int* result = calloc(nlimits + 1, sizeof(int)); if (result == NULL) return NULL; for (size_t i = 0; i < ndata; ++i) ++result[upper_bound(limits, nlimits, data[i])]; return result; } void print_bins(const int* limits, size_t n, const int* bins) { if (n == 0) return; printf(" < %3d: %2d\n", limits[0], bins[0]); for (size_t i = 1; i < n; ++i) printf(">= %3d and < %3d: %2d\n", limits[i - 1], limits[i], bins[i]); printf(">= %3d  : %2d\n", limits[n - 1], bins[n]); } int main() { const int limits1[] = {23, 37, 43, 53, 67, 83}; const int data1[] = {95, 21, 94, 12, 99, 4, 70, 75, 83, 93, 52, 80, 57, 5, 53, 86, 65, 17, 92, 83, 71, 61, 54, 58, 47, 16, 8, 9, 32, 84, 7, 87, 46, 19, 30, 37, 96, 6, 98, 40, 79, 97, 45, 64, 60, 29, 49, 36, 43, 55}; printf("Example 1:\n"); size_t n = sizeof(limits1) / sizeof(int); int* b = bins(limits1, n, data1, sizeof(data1) / sizeof(int)); if (b == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } print_bins(limits1, n, b); free(b); const int limits2[] = {14, 18, 249, 312, 389, 392, 513, 591, 634, 720}; const int data2[] = { 445, 814, 519, 697, 700, 130, 255, 889, 481, 122, 932, 77, 323, 525, 570, 219, 367, 523, 442, 933, 416, 589, 930, 373, 202, 253, 775, 47, 731, 685, 293, 126, 133, 450, 545, 100, 741, 583, 763, 306, 655, 267, 248, 477, 549, 238, 62, 678, 98, 534, 622, 907, 406, 714, 184, 391, 913, 42, 560, 247, 346, 860, 56, 138, 546, 38, 985, 948, 58, 213, 799, 319, 390, 634, 458, 945, 733, 507, 916, 123, 345, 110, 720, 917, 313, 845, 426, 9, 457, 628, 410, 723, 354, 895, 881, 953, 677, 137, 397, 97, 854, 740, 83, 216, 421, 94, 517, 479, 292, 963, 376, 981, 480, 39, 257, 272, 157, 5, 316, 395, 787, 942, 456, 242, 759, 898, 576, 67, 298, 425, 894, 435, 831, 241, 989, 614, 987, 770, 384, 692, 698, 765, 331, 487, 251, 600, 879, 342, 982, 527, 736, 795, 585, 40, 54, 901, 408, 359, 577, 237, 605, 847, 353, 968, 832, 205, 838, 427, 876, 959, 686, 646, 835, 127, 621, 892, 443, 198, 988, 791, 466, 23, 707, 467, 33, 670, 921, 180, 991, 396, 160, 436, 717, 918, 8, 374, 101, 684, 727, 749}; printf("\nExample 2:\n"); n = sizeof(limits2) / sizeof(int); b = bins(limits2, n, data2, sizeof(data2) / sizeof(int)); if (b == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } print_bins(limits2, n, b); free(b); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; public class Bins { public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int[] bins( List<? extends T> limits, Iterable<? extends T> data) { int[] result = new int[limits.size() + 1]; for (T n : data) { int i = Collections.binarySearch(limits, n); if (i >= 0) { i = i+1; } else { i = ~i; } result[i]++; } return result; } public static void printBins(List<?> limits, int[] bins) { int n = limits.size(); if (n == 0) { return; } assert n+1 == bins.length; System.out.printf(" < %3s: %2d\n", limits.get(0), bins[0]); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { System.out.printf(">= %3s and < %3s: %2d\n", limits.get(i-1), limits.get(i), bins[i]); } System.out.printf(">= %3s  : %2d\n", limits.get(n-1), bins[n]); } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> limits = Arrays.asList(23, 37, 43, 53, 67, 83); List<Integer> data = Arrays.asList( 95, 21, 94, 12, 99, 4, 70, 75, 83, 93, 52, 80, 57, 5, 53, 86, 65, 17, 92, 83, 71, 61, 54, 58, 47, 16, 8, 9, 32, 84, 7, 87, 46, 19, 30, 37, 96, 6, 98, 40, 79, 97, 45, 64, 60, 29, 49, 36, 43, 55); System.out.println("Example 1:"); printBins(limits, bins(limits, data)); limits = Arrays.asList(14, 18, 249, 312, 389, 392, 513, 591, 634, 720); data = Arrays.asList( 445, 814, 519, 697, 700, 130, 255, 889, 481, 122, 932, 77, 323, 525, 570, 219, 367, 523, 442, 933, 416, 589, 930, 373, 202, 253, 775, 47, 731, 685, 293, 126, 133, 450, 545, 100, 741, 583, 763, 306, 655, 267, 248, 477, 549, 238, 62, 678, 98, 534, 622, 907, 406, 714, 184, 391, 913, 42, 560, 247, 346, 860, 56, 138, 546, 38, 985, 948, 58, 213, 799, 319, 390, 634, 458, 945, 733, 507, 916, 123, 345, 110, 720, 917, 313, 845, 426, 9, 457, 628, 410, 723, 354, 895, 881, 953, 677, 137, 397, 97, 854, 740, 83, 216, 421, 94, 517, 479, 292, 963, 376, 981, 480, 39, 257, 272, 157, 5, 316, 395, 787, 942, 456, 242, 759, 898, 576, 67, 298, 425, 894, 435, 831, 241, 989, 614, 987, 770, 384, 692, 698, 765, 331, 487, 251, 600, 879, 342, 982, 527, 736, 795, 585, 40, 54, 901, 408, 359, 577, 237, 605, 847, 353, 968, 832, 205, 838, 427, 876, 959, 686, 646, 835, 127, 621, 892, 443, 198, 988, 791, 466, 23, 707, 467, 33, 670, 921, 180, 991, 396, 160, 436, 717, 918, 8, 374, 101, 684, 727, 749); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Example 2:"); printBins(limits, bins(limits, data)); } }
Ensure the translated Java code behaves exactly like the original C snippet.
#include <SDL/SDL.h> #ifdef WITH_CAIRO #include <cairo.h> #else #include <SDL/sge.h> #endif #include <cairo.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <math.h> #ifdef WITH_CAIRO #define PI 3.1415926535 #endif #define SIZE 800 #define SCALE 5 #define BRANCHES 14 #define ROTATION_SCALE 0.75 #define INITIAL_LENGTH 50 double rand_fl(){ return (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX; } void draw_tree(SDL_Surface * surface, double offsetx, double offsety, double directionx, double directiony, double size, double rotation, int depth) { #ifdef WITH_CAIRO cairo_surface_t *surf = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data( surface->pixels, CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, surface->w, surface->h, surface->pitch ); cairo_t *ct = cairo_create(surf); cairo_set_line_width(ct, 1); cairo_set_source_rgba(ct, 0,0,0,1); cairo_move_to(ct, (int)offsetx, (int)offsety); cairo_line_to(ct, (int)(offsetx + directionx * size), (int)(offsety + directiony * size)); cairo_stroke(ct); #else sge_AALine(surface, (int)offsetx, (int)offsety, (int)(offsetx + directionx * size), (int)(offsety + directiony * size), SDL_MapRGB(surface->format, 0, 0, 0)); #endif if (depth > 0){ draw_tree(surface, offsetx + directionx * size, offsety + directiony * size, directionx * cos(rotation) + directiony * sin(rotation), directionx * -sin(rotation) + directiony * cos(rotation), size * rand_fl() / SCALE + size * (SCALE - 1) / SCALE, rotation * ROTATION_SCALE, depth - 1); draw_tree(surface, offsetx + directionx * size, offsety + directiony * size, directionx * cos(-rotation) + directiony * sin(-rotation), directionx * -sin(-rotation) + directiony * cos(-rotation), size * rand_fl() / SCALE + size * (SCALE - 1) / SCALE, rotation * ROTATION_SCALE, depth - 1); } } void render(SDL_Surface * surface){ SDL_FillRect(surface, NULL, SDL_MapRGB(surface->format, 255, 255, 255)); draw_tree(surface, surface->w / 2.0, surface->h - 10.0, 0.0, -1.0, INITIAL_LENGTH, PI / 8, BRANCHES); SDL_UpdateRect(surface, 0, 0, 0, 0); } int main(){ SDL_Surface * screen; SDL_Event evt; SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO); srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(SIZE, SIZE, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE); render(screen); while(1){ if (SDL_PollEvent(&evt)){ if(evt.type == SDL_QUIT) break; } SDL_Delay(1); } SDL_Quit(); return 0; }
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class FractalTree extends JFrame { public FractalTree() { super("Fractal Tree"); setBounds(100, 100, 800, 600); setResizable(false); setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } private void drawTree(Graphics g, int x1, int y1, double angle, int depth) { if (depth == 0) return; int x2 = x1 + (int) (Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0); int y2 = y1 + (int) (Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angle)) * depth * 10.0); g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); drawTree(g, x2, y2, angle - 20, depth - 1); drawTree(g, x2, y2, angle + 20, depth - 1); } @Override public void paint(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.BLACK); drawTree(g, 400, 500, -90, 9); } public static void main(String[] args) { new FractalTree().setVisible(true); } }
Generate an equivalent Java version of this C code.
#include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> #define sections 4 int main() { int d=DETECT,m,maxX,maxY,x,y,colour=0,increment=1; initgraph(&d,&m,"c:/turboc3/bgi"); maxX = getmaxx(); maxY = getmaxy(); for(y=0;y<maxY;y+=maxY/sections) { for(x=0;x<maxX;x+=increment) { setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,(colour++)%16); bar(x,y,x+increment,y+maxY/sections); } increment++; colour = 0; } getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }
import java.awt.*; import static java.awt.Color.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ColourPinstripeDisplay extends JPanel { final static Color[] palette = {black, red, green, blue, magenta,cyan, yellow, white}; final int bands = 4; public ColourPinstripeDisplay() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(900, 600)); } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); int h = getHeight(); for (int b = 1; b <= bands; b++) { for (int x = 0, colIndex = 0; x < getWidth(); x += b, colIndex++) { g.setColor(palette[colIndex % palette.length]); g.fillRect(x, (b - 1) * (h / bands), x + b, b * (h / bands)); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("ColourPinstripeDisplay"); f.add(new ColourPinstripeDisplay(), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
Ensure the translated Java code behaves exactly like the original C snippet.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdbool.h> typedef struct { uint16_t year; uint8_t month; uint8_t day; } Date; bool leap(uint16_t year) { return year%4==0 && (year%100!=0 || year%400==0); } const char *weekday(Date date) { static const uint8_t leapdoom[] = {4,1,7,2,4,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; static const uint8_t normdoom[] = {3,7,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; static const char *days[] = { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday" }; unsigned c = date.year/100, r = date.year%100; unsigned s = r/12, t = r%12; unsigned c_anchor = (5 * (c%4) + 2) % 7; unsigned doom = (s + t + (t/4) + c_anchor) % 7; unsigned anchor = (leap(date.year) ? leapdoom : normdoom)[date.month-1]; return days[(doom+date.day-anchor+7)%7]; } int main(void) { const char *past = "was", *future = "will be"; const char *months[] = { "", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" }; const Date dates[] = { {1800,1,6}, {1875,3,29}, {1915,12,7}, {1970,12,23}, {2043,5,14}, {2077,2,12}, {2101,4,2} }; int i; for (i=0; i < sizeof(dates)/sizeof(Date); i++) { printf("%s %d, %d %s on a %s.\n", months[dates[i].month], dates[i].day, dates[i].year, dates[i].year > 2021 ? future : past, weekday(dates[i])); } return 0; }
class Doom { public static void main(String[] args) { final Date[] dates = { new Date(1800,1,6), new Date(1875,3,29), new Date(1915,12,7), new Date(1970,12,23), new Date(2043,5,14), new Date(2077,2,12), new Date(2101,4,2) }; for (Date d : dates) System.out.println( String.format("%s: %s", d.format(), d.weekday())); } } class Date { private int year, month, day; private static final int[] leapdoom = {4,1,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; private static final int[] normdoom = {3,7,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; public static final String[] weekdays = { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday" }; public Date(int year, int month, int day) { this.year = year; this.month = month; this.day = day; } public boolean isLeapYear() { return year%4 == 0 && (year%100 != 0 || year%400 == 0); } public String format() { return String.format("%02d/%02d/%04d", month, day, year); } public String weekday() { final int c = year/100; final int r = year%100; final int s = r/12; final int t = r%12; final int c_anchor = (5 * (c%4) + 2) % 7; final int doom = (s + t + t/4 + c_anchor) % 7; final int anchor = isLeapYear() ? leapdoom[month-1] : normdoom[month-1]; return weekdays[(doom + day - anchor + 7) % 7]; } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C code in Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdbool.h> typedef struct { uint16_t year; uint8_t month; uint8_t day; } Date; bool leap(uint16_t year) { return year%4==0 && (year%100!=0 || year%400==0); } const char *weekday(Date date) { static const uint8_t leapdoom[] = {4,1,7,2,4,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; static const uint8_t normdoom[] = {3,7,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; static const char *days[] = { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday" }; unsigned c = date.year/100, r = date.year%100; unsigned s = r/12, t = r%12; unsigned c_anchor = (5 * (c%4) + 2) % 7; unsigned doom = (s + t + (t/4) + c_anchor) % 7; unsigned anchor = (leap(date.year) ? leapdoom : normdoom)[date.month-1]; return days[(doom+date.day-anchor+7)%7]; } int main(void) { const char *past = "was", *future = "will be"; const char *months[] = { "", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" }; const Date dates[] = { {1800,1,6}, {1875,3,29}, {1915,12,7}, {1970,12,23}, {2043,5,14}, {2077,2,12}, {2101,4,2} }; int i; for (i=0; i < sizeof(dates)/sizeof(Date); i++) { printf("%s %d, %d %s on a %s.\n", months[dates[i].month], dates[i].day, dates[i].year, dates[i].year > 2021 ? future : past, weekday(dates[i])); } return 0; }
class Doom { public static void main(String[] args) { final Date[] dates = { new Date(1800,1,6), new Date(1875,3,29), new Date(1915,12,7), new Date(1970,12,23), new Date(2043,5,14), new Date(2077,2,12), new Date(2101,4,2) }; for (Date d : dates) System.out.println( String.format("%s: %s", d.format(), d.weekday())); } } class Date { private int year, month, day; private static final int[] leapdoom = {4,1,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; private static final int[] normdoom = {3,7,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; public static final String[] weekdays = { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday" }; public Date(int year, int month, int day) { this.year = year; this.month = month; this.day = day; } public boolean isLeapYear() { return year%4 == 0 && (year%100 != 0 || year%400 == 0); } public String format() { return String.format("%02d/%02d/%04d", month, day, year); } public String weekday() { final int c = year/100; final int r = year%100; final int s = r/12; final int t = r%12; final int c_anchor = (5 * (c%4) + 2) % 7; final int doom = (s + t + t/4 + c_anchor) % 7; final int anchor = isLeapYear() ? leapdoom[month-1] : normdoom[month-1]; return weekdays[(doom + day - anchor + 7) % 7]; } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdbool.h> typedef struct { uint16_t year; uint8_t month; uint8_t day; } Date; bool leap(uint16_t year) { return year%4==0 && (year%100!=0 || year%400==0); } const char *weekday(Date date) { static const uint8_t leapdoom[] = {4,1,7,2,4,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; static const uint8_t normdoom[] = {3,7,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; static const char *days[] = { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday" }; unsigned c = date.year/100, r = date.year%100; unsigned s = r/12, t = r%12; unsigned c_anchor = (5 * (c%4) + 2) % 7; unsigned doom = (s + t + (t/4) + c_anchor) % 7; unsigned anchor = (leap(date.year) ? leapdoom : normdoom)[date.month-1]; return days[(doom+date.day-anchor+7)%7]; } int main(void) { const char *past = "was", *future = "will be"; const char *months[] = { "", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" }; const Date dates[] = { {1800,1,6}, {1875,3,29}, {1915,12,7}, {1970,12,23}, {2043,5,14}, {2077,2,12}, {2101,4,2} }; int i; for (i=0; i < sizeof(dates)/sizeof(Date); i++) { printf("%s %d, %d %s on a %s.\n", months[dates[i].month], dates[i].day, dates[i].year, dates[i].year > 2021 ? future : past, weekday(dates[i])); } return 0; }
class Doom { public static void main(String[] args) { final Date[] dates = { new Date(1800,1,6), new Date(1875,3,29), new Date(1915,12,7), new Date(1970,12,23), new Date(2043,5,14), new Date(2077,2,12), new Date(2101,4,2) }; for (Date d : dates) System.out.println( String.format("%s: %s", d.format(), d.weekday())); } } class Date { private int year, month, day; private static final int[] leapdoom = {4,1,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; private static final int[] normdoom = {3,7,7,4,2,6,4,1,5,3,7,5}; public static final String[] weekdays = { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday" }; public Date(int year, int month, int day) { this.year = year; this.month = month; this.day = day; } public boolean isLeapYear() { return year%4 == 0 && (year%100 != 0 || year%400 == 0); } public String format() { return String.format("%02d/%02d/%04d", month, day, year); } public String weekday() { final int c = year/100; final int r = year%100; final int s = r/12; final int t = r%12; final int c_anchor = (5 * (c%4) + 2) % 7; final int doom = (s + t + t/4 + c_anchor) % 7; final int anchor = isLeapYear() ? leapdoom[month-1] : normdoom[month-1]; return weekdays[(doom + day - anchor + 7) % 7]; } }
Port the provided C code into Java while preserving the original functionality.
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> void swap(char* p1, char* p2, size_t size) { for (; size-- > 0; ++p1, ++p2) { char tmp = *p1; *p1 = *p2; *p2 = tmp; } } void cocktail_shaker_sort(void* base, size_t count, size_t size, int (*cmp)(const void*, const void*)) { char* begin = base; char* end = base + size * count; if (end == begin) return; for (end -= size; begin < end; ) { char* new_begin = end; char* new_end = begin; for (char* p = begin; p < end; p += size) { char* q = p + size; if (cmp(p, q) > 0) { swap(p, q, size); new_end = p; } } end = new_end; for (char* p = end; p > begin; p -= size) { char* q = p - size; if (cmp(q, p) > 0) { swap(p, q, size); new_begin = p; } } begin = new_begin; } } int string_compare(const void* p1, const void* p2) { const char* const* s1 = p1; const char* const* s2 = p2; return strcmp(*s1, *s2); } void print(const char** a, size_t len) { for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) printf("%s ", a[i]); printf("\n"); } int main() { const char* a[] = { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight" }; const size_t len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]); printf("before: "); print(a, len); cocktail_shaker_sort(a, len, sizeof(char*), string_compare); printf("after: "); print(a, len); return 0; }
import java.util.*; public class CocktailSort { public static void main(String[] args) { Integer[] array = new Integer[]{ 5, 1, -6, 12, 3, 13, 2, 4, 0, 15 }; System.out.println("before: " + Arrays.toString(array)); cocktailSort(array); System.out.println("after: " + Arrays.toString(array)); } public static void cocktailSort(Object[] array) { int begin = 0; int end = array.length; if (end == 0) return; for (--end; begin < end; ) { int new_begin = end; int new_end = begin; for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) { Comparable c1 = (Comparable)array[i]; Comparable c2 = (Comparable)array[i + 1]; if (c1.compareTo(c2) > 0) { swap(array, i, i + 1); new_end = i; } } end = new_end; for (int i = end; i > begin; --i) { Comparable c1 = (Comparable)array[i - 1]; Comparable c2 = (Comparable)array[i]; if (c1.compareTo(c2) > 0) { swap(array, i, i - 1); new_begin = i; } } begin = new_begin; } } private static void swap(Object[] array, int i, int j) { Object tmp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = tmp; } }
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this C implementation.
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> void swap(char* p1, char* p2, size_t size) { for (; size-- > 0; ++p1, ++p2) { char tmp = *p1; *p1 = *p2; *p2 = tmp; } } void cocktail_shaker_sort(void* base, size_t count, size_t size, int (*cmp)(const void*, const void*)) { char* begin = base; char* end = base + size * count; if (end == begin) return; for (end -= size; begin < end; ) { char* new_begin = end; char* new_end = begin; for (char* p = begin; p < end; p += size) { char* q = p + size; if (cmp(p, q) > 0) { swap(p, q, size); new_end = p; } } end = new_end; for (char* p = end; p > begin; p -= size) { char* q = p - size; if (cmp(q, p) > 0) { swap(p, q, size); new_begin = p; } } begin = new_begin; } } int string_compare(const void* p1, const void* p2) { const char* const* s1 = p1; const char* const* s2 = p2; return strcmp(*s1, *s2); } void print(const char** a, size_t len) { for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) printf("%s ", a[i]); printf("\n"); } int main() { const char* a[] = { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight" }; const size_t len = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]); printf("before: "); print(a, len); cocktail_shaker_sort(a, len, sizeof(char*), string_compare); printf("after: "); print(a, len); return 0; }
import java.util.*; public class CocktailSort { public static void main(String[] args) { Integer[] array = new Integer[]{ 5, 1, -6, 12, 3, 13, 2, 4, 0, 15 }; System.out.println("before: " + Arrays.toString(array)); cocktailSort(array); System.out.println("after: " + Arrays.toString(array)); } public static void cocktailSort(Object[] array) { int begin = 0; int end = array.length; if (end == 0) return; for (--end; begin < end; ) { int new_begin = end; int new_end = begin; for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i) { Comparable c1 = (Comparable)array[i]; Comparable c2 = (Comparable)array[i + 1]; if (c1.compareTo(c2) > 0) { swap(array, i, i + 1); new_end = i; } } end = new_end; for (int i = end; i > begin; --i) { Comparable c1 = (Comparable)array[i - 1]; Comparable c2 = (Comparable)array[i]; if (c1.compareTo(c2) > 0) { swap(array, i, i - 1); new_begin = i; } } begin = new_begin; } } private static void swap(Object[] array, int i, int j) { Object tmp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = tmp; } }
Translate the given C code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #include <GL/gl.h> #include <sys/time.h> #define length 5 #define g 9.8 double alpha, accl, omega = 0, E; struct timeval tv; double elappsed() { struct timeval now; gettimeofday(&now, 0); int ret = (now.tv_sec - tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + now.tv_usec - tv.tv_usec; tv = now; return ret / 1.e6; } void resize(int w, int h) { glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(0, w, h, 0, -1, 1); } void render() { double x = 320 + 300 * sin(alpha), y = 300 * cos(alpha); resize(640, 320); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glBegin(GL_LINES); glVertex2d(320, 0); glVertex2d(x, y); glEnd(); glFlush(); double us = elappsed(); alpha += (omega + us * accl / 2) * us; omega += accl * us; if (length * g * (1 - cos(alpha)) >= E) { alpha = (alpha < 0 ? -1 : 1) * acos(1 - E / length / g); omega = 0; } accl = -g / length * sin(alpha); } void init_gfx(int *c, char **v) { glutInit(c, v); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(640, 320); glutIdleFunc(render); glutCreateWindow("Pendulum"); } int main(int c, char **v) { alpha = 4 * atan2(1, 1) / 2.1; E = length * g * (1 - cos(alpha)); accl = -g / length * sin(alpha); omega = 0; gettimeofday(&tv, 0); init_gfx(&c, v); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class Pendulum extends JPanel implements Runnable { private double angle = Math.PI / 2; private int length; public Pendulum(int length) { this.length = length; setDoubleBuffered(true); } @Override public void paint(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.WHITE); g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); g.setColor(Color.BLACK); int anchorX = getWidth() / 2, anchorY = getHeight() / 4; int ballX = anchorX + (int) (Math.sin(angle) * length); int ballY = anchorY + (int) (Math.cos(angle) * length); g.drawLine(anchorX, anchorY, ballX, ballY); g.fillOval(anchorX - 3, anchorY - 4, 7, 7); g.fillOval(ballX - 7, ballY - 7, 14, 14); } public void run() { double angleAccel, angleVelocity = 0, dt = 0.1; while (true) { angleAccel = -9.81 / length * Math.sin(angle); angleVelocity += angleAccel * dt; angle += angleVelocity * dt; repaint(); try { Thread.sleep(15); } catch (InterruptedException ex) {} } } @Override public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(2 * length + 50, length / 2 * 3); } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame f = new JFrame("Pendulum"); Pendulum p = new Pendulum(200); f.add(p); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.pack(); f.setVisible(true); new Thread(p).start(); } }
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
int gray_encode(int n) { return n ^ (n >> 1); } int gray_decode(int n) { int p = n; while (n >>= 1) p ^= n; return p; }
public class Gray { public static long grayEncode(long n){ return n ^ (n >>> 1); } public static long grayDecode(long n) { long p = n; while ((n >>>= 1) != 0) p ^= n; return p; } public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("i\tBinary\tGray\tDecoded"); for(int i = -1; i < 32;i++){ System.out.print(i +"\t"); System.out.print(Integer.toBinaryString(i) + "\t"); System.out.print(Long.toBinaryString(grayEncode(i))+ "\t"); System.out.println(grayDecode(grayEncode(i))); } } }
Write the same code in Java as shown below in C.
int gray_encode(int n) { return n ^ (n >> 1); } int gray_decode(int n) { int p = n; while (n >>= 1) p ^= n; return p; }
public class Gray { public static long grayEncode(long n){ return n ^ (n >>> 1); } public static long grayDecode(long n) { long p = n; while ((n >>>= 1) != 0) p ^= n; return p; } public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("i\tBinary\tGray\tDecoded"); for(int i = -1; i < 32;i++){ System.out.print(i +"\t"); System.out.print(Integer.toBinaryString(i) + "\t"); System.out.print(Long.toBinaryString(grayEncode(i))+ "\t"); System.out.println(grayDecode(grayEncode(i))); } } }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C version.
#include<stdio.h> int main() { FILE* fp = fopen("TAPE.FILE","w"); fprintf(fp,"This code should be able to write a file to magnetic tape.\n"); fprintf(fp,"The Wikipedia page on Magnetic tape data storage shows that magnetic tapes are still in use.\n"); fprintf(fp,"In fact, the latest format, at the time of writing this code is TS1155 released in 2017.\n"); fprintf(fp,"And since C is already 44, maybe 45, years old in 2017, I am sure someone somewhere did use a C compiler on magnetic tapes.\n"); fprintf(fp,"If you happen to have one, please try to compile and execute me on that system.\n"); fprintf(fp,"My creator tested me on an i5 machine with SSD and RAM that couldn't have even been dreamt of by Denis Ritchie.\n"); fprintf(fp,"Who knows ? Maybe he did foresee today, after all he created something which is still young after 44-45 years and counting...\n"); fprintf(fp,"EOF"); fclose(fp); return 0; }
import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.util.Collections; public class CreateFile { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String os = System.getProperty("os.name"); if (os.contains("Windows")) { Path path = Paths.get("tape.file"); Files.write(path, Collections.singletonList("Hello World!")); } else { Path path = Paths.get("/dev/tape"); Files.write(path, Collections.singletonList("Hello World!")); } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C code in Java.
#include <stdio.h> int max (int *a, int n, int i, int j, int k) { int m = i; if (j < n && a[j] > a[m]) { m = j; } if (k < n && a[k] > a[m]) { m = k; } return m; } void downheap (int *a, int n, int i) { while (1) { int j = max(a, n, i, 2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2); if (j == i) { break; } int t = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = t; i = j; } } void heapsort (int *a, int n) { int i; for (i = (n - 2) / 2; i >= 0; i--) { downheap(a, n, i); } for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { int t = a[n - i - 1]; a[n - i - 1] = a[0]; a[0] = t; downheap(a, n - i - 1, 0); } } int main () { int a[] = {4, 65, 2, -31, 0, 99, 2, 83, 782, 1}; int n = sizeof a / sizeof a[0]; int i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " "); heapsort(a, n); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " "); return 0; }
public static void heapSort(int[] a){ int count = a.length; heapify(a, count); int end = count - 1; while(end > 0){ int tmp = a[end]; a[end] = a[0]; a[0] = tmp; siftDown(a, 0, end - 1); end--; } } public static void heapify(int[] a, int count){ int start = (count - 2) / 2; while(start >= 0){ siftDown(a, start, count - 1); start--; } } public static void siftDown(int[] a, int start, int end){ int root = start; while((root * 2 + 1) <= end){ int child = root * 2 + 1; if(child + 1 <= end && a[child] < a[child + 1]) child = child + 1; if(a[root] < a[child]){ int tmp = a[root]; a[root] = a[child]; a[child] = tmp; root = child; }else return; } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <locale.h> int locale_ok = 0; wchar_t s_suits[] = L"♠♥♦♣"; const char *s_suits_ascii[] = { "S", "H", "D", "C" }; const char *s_nums[] = { "WHAT", "A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K", "OVERFLOW" }; typedef struct { int suit, number, _s; } card_t, *card; typedef struct { int n; card_t cards[52]; } deck_t, *deck; void show_card(card c) { if (locale_ok) printf(" %lc%s", s_suits[c->suit], s_nums[c->number]); else printf(" %s%s", s_suits_ascii[c->suit], s_nums[c->number]); } deck new_deck() { int i, j, k; deck d = malloc(sizeof(deck_t)); d->n = 52; for (i = k = 0; i < 4; i++) for (j = 1; j <= 13; j++, k++) { d->cards[k].suit = i; d->cards[k].number = j; } return d; } void show_deck(deck d) { int i; printf("%d cards:", d->n); for (i = 0; i < d->n; i++) show_card(d->cards + i); printf("\n"); } int cmp_card(const void *a, const void *b) { int x = ((card)a)->_s, y = ((card)b)->_s; return x < y ? -1 : x > y; } card deal_card(deck d) { if (!d->n) return 0; return d->cards + --d->n; } void shuffle_deck(deck d) { int i; for (i = 0; i < d->n; i++) d->cards[i]._s = rand(); qsort(d->cards, d->n, sizeof(card_t), cmp_card); } int main() { int i, j; deck d = new_deck(); locale_ok = (0 != setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "")); printf("New deck, "); show_deck(d); printf("\nShuffle and deal to three players:\n"); shuffle_deck(d); for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) show_card(deal_card(d)); printf("\n"); } printf("Left in deck "); show_deck(d); return 0; }
public enum Pip { Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Jack, Queen, King, Ace }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Java instead of C, keeping it the same logically?
char foo() { char array[5] = {3,6,9,12,15}; return array[2]; }
Int[] literalArray = [1,2,3]; Int[] fixedLengthArray = new Int[10]; Int[] variableArray = new Int[]; assert literalArray.size == 3; Int n = literalArray[2]; fixedLengthArray[4] = 12345; fixedLengthArray += 6789; variableArray += 6789;
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int i, j, dim, d; int depth = 3; for (i = 0, dim = 1; i < depth; i++, dim *= 3); for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) { for (j = 0; j < dim; j++) { for (d = dim / 3; d; d /= 3) if ((i % (d * 3)) / d == 1 && (j % (d * 3)) / d == 1) break; printf(d ? " " : "##"); } printf("\n"); } return 0; }
public static boolean inCarpet(long x, long y) { while (x!=0 && y!=0) { if (x % 3 == 1 && y % 3 == 1) return false; x /= 3; y /= 3; } return true; } public static void carpet(final int n) { final double power = Math.pow(3,n); for(long i = 0; i < power; i++) { for(long j = 0; j < power; j++) { System.out.print(inCarpet(i, j) ? "*" : " "); } System.out.println(); } }
Change the programming language of this snippet from C to Java without modifying what it does.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdbool.h> bool is_sorted(int *a, int n) { while ( --n >= 1 ) { if ( a[n] < a[n-1] ) return false; } return true; } void shuffle(int *a, int n) { int i, t, r; for(i=0; i < n; i++) { t = a[i]; r = rand() % n; a[i] = a[r]; a[r] = t; } } void bogosort(int *a, int n) { while ( !is_sorted(a, n) ) shuffle(a, n); } int main() { int numbers[] = { 1, 10, 9, 7, 3, 0 }; int i; bogosort(numbers, 6); for (i=0; i < 6; i++) printf("%d ", numbers[i]); printf("\n"); }
public class BogoSort { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] arr={4,5,6,0,7,8,9,1,2,3}; BogoSort now=new BogoSort(); System.out.print("Unsorted: "); now.display1D(arr); now.bogo(arr); System.out.print("Sorted: "); now.display1D(arr); } void bogo(int[] arr) { int shuffle=1; for(;!isSorted(arr);shuffle++) shuffle(arr); System.out.println("This took "+shuffle+" shuffles."); } void shuffle(int[] arr) { int i=arr.length-1; while(i>0) swap(arr,i--,(int)(Math.random()*i)); } void swap(int[] arr,int i,int j) { int temp=arr[i]; arr[i]=arr[j]; arr[j]=temp; } boolean isSorted(int[] arr) { for(int i=1;i<arr.length;i++) if(arr[i]<arr[i-1]) return false; return true; } void display1D(int[] arr) { for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) System.out.print(arr[i]+" "); System.out.println(); } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C code in Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> typedef double (*deriv_f)(double, double); #define FMT " %7.3f" void ivp_euler(deriv_f f, double y, int step, int end_t) { int t = 0; printf(" Step %2d: ", (int)step); do { if (t % 10 == 0) printf(FMT, y); y += step * f(t, y); } while ((t += step) <= end_t); printf("\n"); } void analytic() { double t; printf(" Time: "); for (t = 0; t <= 100; t += 10) printf(" %7g", t); printf("\nAnalytic: "); for (t = 0; t <= 100; t += 10) printf(FMT, 20 + 80 * exp(-0.07 * t)); printf("\n"); } double cooling(double t, double temp) { return -0.07 * (temp - 20); } int main() { analytic(); ivp_euler(cooling, 100, 2, 100); ivp_euler(cooling, 100, 5, 100); ivp_euler(cooling, 100, 10, 100); return 0; }
public class Euler { private static void euler (Callable f, double y0, int a, int b, int h) { int t = a; double y = y0; while (t < b) { System.out.println ("" + t + " " + y); t += h; y += h * f.compute (t, y); } System.out.println ("DONE"); } public static void main (String[] args) { Callable cooling = new Cooling (); int[] steps = {2, 5, 10}; for (int stepSize : steps) { System.out.println ("Step size: " + stepSize); euler (cooling, 100.0, 0, 100, stepSize); } } } interface Callable { public double compute (int time, double t); } class Cooling implements Callable { public double compute (int time, double t) { return -0.07 * (t - 20); } }
Write the same code in Java as shown below in C.
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <assert.h> int nonsqr(int n) { return n + (int)(0.5 + sqrt(n)); } int main() { int i; for (i = 1; i < 23; i++) printf("%d ", nonsqr(i)); printf("\n"); for (i = 1; i < 1000000; i++) { double j = sqrt(nonsqr(i)); assert(j != floor(j)); } return 0; }
public class SeqNonSquares { public static int nonsqr(int n) { return n + (int)Math.round(Math.sqrt(n)); } public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i = 1; i < 23; i++) System.out.print(nonsqr(i) + " "); System.out.println(); for (int i = 1; i < 1000000; i++) { double j = Math.sqrt(nonsqr(i)); assert j != Math.floor(j); } } }
Translate the given C code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> void putm(char* string, size_t m) { while(*string && m--) putchar(*string++); } int main(void) { char string[] = "Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP)." int n = 3; int m = 4; char knownCharacter = '('; char knownSubstring[] = "encodings"; putm(string+n-1, m ); putchar('\n'); puts(string+n+1); putchar('\n'); putm(string, strlen(string)-1); putchar('\n'); putm(strchr(string, knownCharacter), m ); putchar('\n'); putm(strstr(string, knownSubstring), m ); putchar('\n'); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
public static String Substring(String str, int n, int m){ return str.substring(n, n+m); } public static String Substring(String str, int n){ return str.substring(n); } public static String Substring(String str){ return str.substring(0, str.length()-1); } public static String Substring(String str, char c, int m){ return str.substring(str.indexOf(c), str.indexOf(c)+m+1); } public static String Substring(String str, String sub, int m){ return str.substring(str.indexOf(sub), str.indexOf(sub)+m+1); }
Translate the given C code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> void putm(char* string, size_t m) { while(*string && m--) putchar(*string++); } int main(void) { char string[] = "Programs for other encodings (such as 8-bit ASCII, or EUC-JP)." int n = 3; int m = 4; char knownCharacter = '('; char knownSubstring[] = "encodings"; putm(string+n-1, m ); putchar('\n'); puts(string+n+1); putchar('\n'); putm(string, strlen(string)-1); putchar('\n'); putm(strchr(string, knownCharacter), m ); putchar('\n'); putm(strstr(string, knownSubstring), m ); putchar('\n'); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
public static String Substring(String str, int n, int m){ return str.substring(n, n+m); } public static String Substring(String str, int n){ return str.substring(n); } public static String Substring(String str){ return str.substring(0, str.length()-1); } public static String Substring(String str, char c, int m){ return str.substring(str.indexOf(c), str.indexOf(c)+m+1); } public static String Substring(String str, String sub, int m){ return str.substring(str.indexOf(sub), str.indexOf(sub)+m+1); }
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this C implementation.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int number_of_digits(int x){ int NumberOfDigits; for(NumberOfDigits=0;x!=0;NumberOfDigits++){ x=x/10; } return NumberOfDigits; } int* convert_array(char array[], int NumberOfElements) { int *convertedArray=malloc(NumberOfElements*sizeof(int)); int originalElement, convertedElement; for(convertedElement=0, originalElement=0; convertedElement<NumberOfElements; convertedElement++) { convertedArray[convertedElement]=atoi(&array[originalElement]); originalElement+=number_of_digits(convertedArray[convertedElement])+1; } return convertedArray; } int isSorted(int array[], int numberOfElements){ int sorted=1; for(int counter=0;counter<numberOfElements;counter++){ if(counter!=0 && array[counter-1]>array[counter]) sorted--; } return sorted; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int* convertedArray; convertedArray=convert_array(*(argv+1), argc-1); if(isSorted(convertedArray, argc-1)==1) printf("Did you forgot to turn on your brain?! This array is already sorted!\n"); else if(argc-1<=10) printf("Am I really supposed to sort this? Sort it by yourself!\n"); else printf("Am I really supposed to sort this? Bhahahaha!\n"); free(convertedArray); return 0; }
public class JortSort { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(jortSort(new int[]{1, 2, 3})); } static boolean jortSort(int[] arr) { return true; } }
Convert this C block to Java, preserving its control flow and logic.
#include <stdio.h> int is_leap_year(unsigned year) { return !(year & (year % 100 ? 3 : 15)); } int main(void) { const unsigned test_case[] = { 1900, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2100 }; const unsigned n = sizeof test_case / sizeof test_case[0]; for (unsigned i = 0; i != n; ++i) { unsigned year = test_case[i]; printf("%u is %sa leap year.\n", year, is_leap_year(year) ? "" : "not "); } return 0; }
import java.util.GregorianCalendar; import java.text.MessageFormat; public class Leapyear{ public static void main(String[] argv){ int[] yrs = {1800,1900,1994,1998,1999,2000,2001,2004,2100}; GregorianCalendar cal = new GregorianCalendar(); for(int year : yrs){ System.err.println(MessageFormat.format("The year {0,number,#} is leaper: {1} / {2}.", year, cal.isLeapYear(year), isLeapYear(year))); } } public static boolean isLeapYear(int year){ return (year % 100 == 0) ? (year % 400 == 0) : (year % 4 == 0); } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C to Java, same semantics.
#include <gmp.h> void perm(mpz_t out, int n, int k) { mpz_set_ui(out, 1); k = n - k; while (n > k) mpz_mul_ui(out, out, n--); } void comb(mpz_t out, int n, int k) { perm(out, n, k); while (k) mpz_divexact_ui(out, out, k--); } int main(void) { mpz_t x; mpz_init(x); perm(x, 1000, 969); gmp_printf("P(1000,969) = %Zd\n", x); comb(x, 1000, 969); gmp_printf("C(1000,969) = %Zd\n", x); return 0; }
import java.math.BigInteger; public class CombinationsAndPermutations { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Double.MAX_VALUE); System.out.println("A sample of permutations from 1 to 12 with exact Integer arithmetic:"); for ( int n = 1 ; n <= 12 ; n++ ) { int k = n / 2; System.out.printf("%d P %d = %s%n", n, k, permutation(n, k)); } System.out.println(); System.out.println("A sample of combinations from 10 to 60 with exact Integer arithmetic:"); for ( int n = 10 ; n <= 60 ; n += 5 ) { int k = n / 2; System.out.printf("%d C %d = %s%n", n, k, combination(n, k)); } System.out.println(); System.out.println("A sample of permutations from 5 to 15000 displayed in floating point arithmetic:"); System.out.printf("%d P %d = %s%n", 5, 2, display(permutation(5, 2), 50)); for ( int n = 1000 ; n <= 15000 ; n += 1000 ) { int k = n / 2; System.out.printf("%d P %d = %s%n", n, k, display(permutation(n, k), 50)); } System.out.println(); System.out.println("A sample of combinations from 100 to 1000 displayed in floating point arithmetic:"); for ( int n = 100 ; n <= 1000 ; n += 100 ) { int k = n / 2; System.out.printf("%d C %d = %s%n", n, k, display(combination(n, k), 50)); } } private static String display(BigInteger val, int precision) { String s = val.toString(); precision = Math.min(precision, s.length()); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(s.substring(0, 1)); sb.append("."); sb.append(s.substring(1, precision)); sb.append(" * 10^"); sb.append(s.length()-1); return sb.toString(); } public static BigInteger combination(int n, int k) { if ( n-k < k ) { k = n-k; } BigInteger result = permutation(n, k); while ( k > 0 ) { result = result.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(k)); k--; } return result; } public static BigInteger permutation(int n, int k) { BigInteger result = BigInteger.ONE; for ( int i = n ; i >= n-k+1 ; i-- ) { result = result.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(i)); } return result; } }
Translate this program into Java but keep the logic exactly as in C.
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int compareStrings(const void *a, const void *b) { const char **aa = (const char **)a; const char **bb = (const char **)b; return strcmp(*aa, *bb); } void lexOrder(int n, int *ints) { char **strs; int i, first = 1, last = n, k = n, len; if (n < 1) { first = n; last = 1; k = 2 - n; } strs = malloc(k * sizeof(char *)); for (i = first; i <= last; ++i) { if (i >= 1) len = (int)log10(i) + 2; else if (i == 0) len = 2; else len = (int)log10(-i) + 3; strs[i-first] = malloc(len); sprintf(strs[i-first], "%d", i); } qsort(strs, k, sizeof(char *), compareStrings); for (i = 0; i < k; ++i) { ints[i] = atoi(strs[i]); free(strs[i]); } free(strs); } int main() { int i, j, k, n, *ints; int numbers[5] = {0, 5, 13, 21, -22}; printf("In lexicographical order:\n\n"); for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { k = n = numbers[i]; if (k < 1) k = 2 - k; ints = malloc(k * sizeof(int)); lexOrder(n, ints); printf("%3d: [", n); for (j = 0; j < k; ++j) { printf("%d ", ints[j]); } printf("\b]\n"); free(ints); } return 0; }
import java.util.List; import java.util.stream.*; public class LexicographicalNumbers { static List<Integer> lexOrder(int n) { int first = 1, last = n; if (n < 1) { first = n; last = 1; } return IntStream.rangeClosed(first, last) .mapToObj(Integer::toString) .sorted() .map(Integer::valueOf) .collect(Collectors.toList()); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("In lexicographical order:\n"); int[] ints = {0, 5, 13, 21, -22}; for (int n : ints) { System.out.printf("%3d: %s\n", n, lexOrder(n)); } } }
Change the programming language of this snippet from C to Java without modifying what it does.
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> const char *ones[] = { 0, "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen" }; const char *tens[] = { 0, "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety" }; const char *llions[] = { 0, "thousand", "million", "billion", "trillion", }; const int maxillion = sizeof(llions) / sizeof(llions[0]) * 3 - 3; int say_hundred(const char *s, int len, int depth, int has_lead) { int c[3], i; for (i = -3; i < 0; i++) { if (len + i >= 0) c[i + 3] = s[len + i] - '0'; else c[i + 3] = 0; } if (!(c[0] + c[1] + c[2])) return 0; if (c[0]) { printf("%s hundred", ones[c[0]]); has_lead = 1; } if (has_lead && (c[1] || c[2])) printf((!depth || c[0]) && (!c[0] || !c[1]) ? "and " : c[0] ? " " : ""); if (c[1] < 2) { if (c[1] || c[2]) printf("%s", ones[c[1] * 10 + c[2]]); } else { if (c[1]) { printf("%s", tens[c[1]]); if (c[2]) putchar('-'); } if (c[2]) printf("%s", ones[c[2]]); } return 1; } int say_maxillion(const char *s, int len, int depth, int has_lead) { int n = len / 3, r = len % 3; if (!r) { n--; r = 3; } const char *e = s + r; do { if (say_hundred(s, r, n, has_lead) && n) { has_lead = 1; printf(" %s", llions[n]); if (!depth) printf(", "); else printf(" "); } s = e; e += 3; } while (r = 3, n--); return 1; } void say_number(const char *s) { int len, i, got_sign = 0; while (*s == ' ') s++; if (*s < '0' || *s > '9') { if (*s == '-') got_sign = -1; else if (*s == '+') got_sign = 1; else goto nan; s++; } else got_sign = 1; while (*s == '0') { s++; if (*s == '\0') { printf("zero\n"); return; } } len = strlen(s); if (!len) goto nan; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (s[i] < '0' || s[i] > '9') { printf("(not a number)"); return; } } if (got_sign == -1) printf("minus "); int n = len / maxillion; int r = len % maxillion; if (!r) { r = maxillion; n--; } const char *end = s + len - n * maxillion; int has_lead = 0; do { if ((has_lead = say_maxillion(s, r, n, has_lead))) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf(" %s", llions[maxillion / 3]); if (n) printf(", "); } n--; r = maxillion; s = end; end += r; } while (n >= 0); printf("\n"); return; nan: printf("not a number\n"); return; } int main() { say_number("-42"); say_number("1984"); say_number("10000"); say_number("1024"); say_number("1001001001001"); say_number("123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678900000001"); return 0; }
module NumberNames { void run() { @Inject Console console; Int[] tests = [0, 1, -1, 11, -17, 42, 99, 100, 101, -111, 1000, 1234, 10000, 100000, 123456789000, 0x123456789ABCDEF]; for (Int test : tests) { console.print($"{test} = {toEnglish(test)}"); } } static String[] digits = ["zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine"]; static String[] teens = ["ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"]; static String[] tens = ["zero", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"]; static String[] ten3rd = ["?", "thousand", "million", "billion", "trillion", "quadrillion", "quintillion"]; static String toEnglish(Int n) { StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(); if (n < 0) { "negative ".appendTo(buf); n = -n; } format3digits(n, buf); return buf.toString(); } static void format3digits(Int n, StringBuffer buf, Int nested=0) { (Int left, Int right) = n /% 1000; if (left != 0) { format3digits(left, buf, nested+1); } if (right != 0 || (left == 0 && nested==0)) { if (right >= 100) { (left, right) = (right /% 100); digits[left].appendTo(buf); " hundred ".appendTo(buf); if (right != 0) { format2digits(right, buf); } } else { format2digits(right, buf); } if (nested > 0) { ten3rd[nested].appendTo(buf).add(' '); } } } static void format2digits(Int n, StringBuffer buf) { switch (n) { case 0..9: digits[n].appendTo(buf).add(' '); break; case 10..19: teens[n-10].appendTo(buf).add(' '); break; default: (Int left, Int right) = n /% 10; tens[left].appendTo(buf); if (right == 0) { buf.add(' '); } else { buf.add('-'); digits[right].appendTo(buf).add(' '); } break; } } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C to Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int cmp(const int* a, const int* b) { return *b - *a; } void compareAndReportStringsLength(const char* strings[], const int n) { if (n > 0) { char* has_length = "has length"; char* predicate_max = "and is the longest string"; char* predicate_min = "and is the shortest string"; char* predicate_ave = "and is neither the longest nor the shortest string"; int* si = malloc(2 * n * sizeof(int)); if (si != NULL) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { si[2 * i] = strlen(strings[i]); si[2 * i + 1] = i; } qsort(si, n, 2 * sizeof(int), cmp); int max = si[0]; int min = si[2 * (n - 1)]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int length = si[2 * i]; char* string = strings[si[2 * i + 1]]; char* predicate; if (length == max) predicate = predicate_max; else if (length == min) predicate = predicate_min; else predicate = predicate_ave; printf("\"%s\" %s %d %s\n", string, has_length, length, predicate); } free(si); } else { fputs("unable allocate memory buffer", stderr); } } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char* list[] = { "abcd", "123456789", "abcdef", "1234567" }; compareAndReportStringsLength(list, 4); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
package stringlensort; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator; public class ReportStringLengths { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] list = {"abcd", "123456789", "abcdef", "1234567"}; String[] strings = args.length > 0 ? args : list; compareAndReportStringsLength(strings); } public static void compareAndReportStringsLength(String[] strings) { compareAndReportStringsLength(strings, System.out); } public static void compareAndReportStringsLength(String[] strings, PrintStream stream) { if (strings.length > 0) { strings = strings.clone(); final String QUOTE = "\""; Arrays.sort(strings, Comparator.comparing(String::length)); int min = strings[0].length(); int max = strings[strings.length - 1].length(); for (int i = strings.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { int length = strings[i].length(); String predicate; if (length == max) { predicate = "is the longest string"; } else if (length == min) { predicate = "is the shortest string"; } else { predicate = "is neither the longest nor the shortest string"; } stream.println(QUOTE + strings[i] + QUOTE + " has length " + length + " and " + predicate); } } } }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C version.
#include <stdio.h> void shell_sort (int *a, int n) { int h, i, j, t; for (h = n; h /= 2;) { for (i = h; i < n; i++) { t = a[i]; for (j = i; j >= h && t < a[j - h]; j -= h) { a[j] = a[j - h]; } a[j] = t; } } } int main (int ac, char **av) { int a[] = {4, 65, 2, -31, 0, 99, 2, 83, 782, 1}; int n = sizeof a / sizeof a[0]; int i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " "); shell_sort(a, n); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " "); return 0; }
public static void shell(int[] a) { int increment = a.length / 2; while (increment > 0) { for (int i = increment; i < a.length; i++) { int j = i; int temp = a[i]; while (j >= increment && a[j - increment] > temp) { a[j] = a[j - increment]; j = j - increment; } a[j] = temp; } if (increment == 2) { increment = 1; } else { increment *= (5.0 / 11); } } }
Port the following code from C to Java with equivalent syntax and logic.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct List { struct MNode *head; struct MNode *tail; struct MNode *tail_pred; }; struct MNode { struct MNode *succ; struct MNode *pred; }; typedef struct MNode *NODE; typedef struct List *LIST; LIST newList(void); int isEmpty(LIST); NODE getTail(LIST); NODE getHead(LIST); NODE addTail(LIST, NODE); NODE addHead(LIST, NODE); NODE remHead(LIST); NODE remTail(LIST); NODE insertAfter(LIST, NODE, NODE); NODE removeNode(LIST, NODE); LIST newList(void) { LIST tl = malloc(sizeof(struct List)); if ( tl != NULL ) { tl->tail_pred = (NODE)&tl->head; tl->tail = NULL; tl->head = (NODE)&tl->tail; return tl; } return NULL; } int isEmpty(LIST l) { return (l->head->succ == 0); } NODE getHead(LIST l) { return l->head; } NODE getTail(LIST l) { return l->tail_pred; } NODE addTail(LIST l, NODE n) { n->succ = (NODE)&l->tail; n->pred = l->tail_pred; l->tail_pred->succ = n; l->tail_pred = n; return n; } NODE addHead(LIST l, NODE n) { n->succ = l->head; n->pred = (NODE)&l->head; l->head->pred = n; l->head = n; return n; } NODE remHead(LIST l) { NODE h; h = l->head; l->head = l->head->succ; l->head->pred = (NODE)&l->head; return h; } NODE remTail(LIST l) { NODE t; t = l->tail_pred; l->tail_pred = l->tail_pred->pred; l->tail_pred->succ = (NODE)&l->tail; return t; } NODE insertAfter(LIST l, NODE r, NODE n) { n->pred = r; n->succ = r->succ; n->succ->pred = n; r->succ = n; return n; } NODE removeNode(LIST l, NODE n) { n->pred->succ = n->succ; n->succ->pred = n->pred; return n; }
import java.util.LinkedList; public class DoublyLinkedList { public static void main(String[] args) { LinkedList<String> list = new LinkedList<String>(); list.addFirst("Add First"); list.addLast("Add Last 1"); list.addLast("Add Last 2"); list.addLast("Add Last 1"); traverseList(list); list.removeFirstOccurrence("Add Last 1"); traverseList(list); } private static void traverseList(LinkedList<String> list) { System.out.println("Traverse List:"); for ( int i = 0 ; i < list.size() ; i++ ) { System.out.printf("Element number %d - Element value = '%s'%n", i, list.get(i)); } System.out.println(); } }
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
int frequency[26]; int ch; FILE* txt_file = fopen ("a_text_file.txt", "rt"); for (ch = 0; ch < 26; ch++) frequency[ch] = 0; while (1) { ch = fgetc(txt_file); if (ch == EOF) break; if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') frequency[ch-'a']++; else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') frequency[ch-'A']++; }
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Arrays; public class LetterFreq { public static int[] countLetters(String filename) throws IOException{ int[] freqs = new int[26]; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename)); String line; while((line = in.readLine()) != null){ line = line.toUpperCase(); for(char ch:line.toCharArray()){ if(Character.isLetter(ch)){ freqs[ch - 'A']++; } } } in.close(); return freqs; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ System.out.println(Arrays.toString(countLetters("filename.txt"))); } }
Translate the given C code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
#include <stdio.h> int data[] = { 85, 88, 75, 66, 25, 29, 83, 39, 97, 68, 41, 10, 49, 16, 65, 32, 92, 28, 98 }; int pick(int at, int remain, int accu, int treat) { if (!remain) return (accu > treat) ? 1 : 0; return pick(at - 1, remain - 1, accu + data[at - 1], treat) + ( at > remain ? pick(at - 1, remain, accu, treat) : 0 ); } int main() { int treat = 0, i; int le, gt; double total = 1; for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) treat += data[i]; for (i = 19; i > 10; i--) total *= i; for (i = 9; i > 0; i--) total /= i; gt = pick(19, 9, 0, treat); le = total - gt; printf("<= : %f%% %d\n > : %f%% %d\n", 100 * le / total, le, 100 * gt / total, gt); return 0; }
public class PermutationTest { private static final int[] data = new int[]{ 85, 88, 75, 66, 25, 29, 83, 39, 97, 68, 41, 10, 49, 16, 65, 32, 92, 28, 98 }; private static int pick(int at, int remain, int accu, int treat) { if (remain == 0) return (accu > treat) ? 1 : 0; return pick(at - 1, remain - 1, accu + data[at - 1], treat) + ((at > remain) ? pick(at - 1, remain, accu, treat) : 0); } public static void main(String[] args) { int treat = 0; double total = 1.0; for (int i = 0; i <= 8; ++i) { treat += data[i]; } for (int i = 19; i >= 11; --i) { total *= i; } for (int i = 9; i >= 1; --i) { total /= i; } int gt = pick(19, 9, 0, treat); int le = (int) (total - gt); System.out.printf("<= : %f%% %d\n", 100.0 * le / total, le); System.out.printf(" > : %f%% %d\n", 100.0 * gt / total, gt); } }
Transform the following C implementation into Java, maintaining the same output and logic.
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int main() { const int MU_MAX = 1000000; int i, j; int *mu; int sqroot; sqroot = (int)sqrt(MU_MAX); mu = malloc((MU_MAX + 1) * sizeof(int)); for (i = 0; i < MU_MAX;i++) { mu[i] = 1; } for (i = 2; i <= sqroot; i++) { if (mu[i] == 1) { for (j = i; j <= MU_MAX; j += i) { mu[j] *= -i; } for (j = i * i; j <= MU_MAX; j += i * i) { mu[j] = 0; } } } for (i = 2; i <= MU_MAX; i++) { if (mu[i] == i) { mu[i] = 1; } else if (mu[i] == -i) { mu[i] = -1; } else if (mu[i] < 0) { mu[i] = 1; } else if (mu[i] > 0) { mu[i] = -1; } } printf("First 199 terms of the möbius function are as follows:\n "); for (i = 1; i < 200; i++) { printf("%2d ", mu[i]); if ((i + 1) % 20 == 0) { printf("\n"); } } free(mu); return 0; }
public class MöbiusFunction { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("First 199 terms of the möbius function are as follows:%n "); for ( int n = 1 ; n < 200 ; n++ ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", möbiusFunction(n)); if ( (n+1) % 20 == 0 ) { System.out.printf("%n"); } } } private static int MU_MAX = 1_000_000; private static int[] MU = null; private static int möbiusFunction(int n) { if ( MU != null ) { return MU[n]; } MU = new int[MU_MAX+1]; int sqrt = (int) Math.sqrt(MU_MAX); for ( int i = 0 ; i < MU_MAX ; i++ ) { MU[i] = 1; } for ( int i = 2 ; i <= sqrt ; i++ ) { if ( MU[i] == 1 ) { for ( int j = i ; j <= MU_MAX ; j += i ) { MU[j] *= -i; } for ( int j = i*i ; j <= MU_MAX ; j += i*i ) { MU[j] = 0; } } } for ( int i = 2 ; i <= MU_MAX ; i++ ) { if ( MU[i] == i ) { MU[i] = 1; } else if ( MU[i] == -i ) { MU[i] = -1; } else if ( MU[i] < 0 ) { MU[i] = 1; } else if ( MU[i] > 0 ) { MU[i] = -1; } } return MU[n]; } }
Port the following code from C to Java with equivalent syntax and logic.
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> char * incr(char *s) { int i, begin, tail, len; int neg = (*s == '-'); char tgt = neg ? '0' : '9'; if (!strcmp(s, "-1")) { s[0] = '0', s[1] = '\0'; return s; } len = strlen(s); begin = (*s == '-' || *s == '+') ? 1 : 0; for (tail = len - 1; tail >= begin && s[tail] == tgt; tail--); if (tail < begin && !neg) { if (!begin) s = realloc(s, len + 2); s[0] = '1'; for (i = 1; i <= len - begin; i++) s[i] = '0'; s[len + 1] = '\0'; } else if (tail == begin && neg && s[1] == '1') { for (i = 1; i < len - begin; i++) s[i] = '9'; s[len - 1] = '\0'; } else { for (i = len - 1; i > tail; i--) s[i] = neg ? '9' : '0'; s[tail] += neg ? -1 : 1; } return s; } void string_test(const char *s) { char *ret = malloc(strlen(s)); strcpy(ret, s); printf("text: %s\n", ret); printf(" ->: %s\n", ret = incr(ret)); free(ret); } int main() { string_test("+0"); string_test("-1"); string_test("-41"); string_test("+41"); string_test("999"); string_test("+999"); string_test("109999999999999999999999999999999999999999"); string_test("-100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"); return 0; }
String s = "12345"; IntLiteral lit1 = new IntLiteral(s); IntLiteral lit2 = 6789; ++lit1; ++lit2;
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C to Java, same semantics.
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> char *strip_chars(const char *string, const char *chars) { char * newstr = malloc(strlen(string) + 1); int counter = 0; for ( ; *string; string++) { if (!strchr(chars, *string)) { newstr[ counter ] = *string; ++ counter; } } newstr[counter] = 0; return newstr; } int main(void) { char *new = strip_chars("She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!", "aei"); printf("%s\n", new); free(new); return 0; }
class StripChars { public static String stripChars(String inString, String toStrip) { return inString.replaceAll("[" + toStrip + "]", ""); } public static void main(String[] args) { String sentence = "She was a soul stripper. She took my heart!"; String chars = "aei"; System.out.println("sentence: " + sentence); System.out.println("to strip: " + chars); System.out.println("stripped: " + stripChars(sentence, chars)); } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Java so it works the same as the original C code.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> typedef int(*cmp_func)(const void*, const void*); void perm_sort(void *a, int n, size_t msize, cmp_func _cmp) { char *p, *q, *tmp = malloc(msize); # define A(i) ((char *)a + msize * (i)) # define swap(a, b) {\ memcpy(tmp, a, msize);\ memcpy(a, b, msize);\ memcpy(b, tmp, msize); } while (1) { for (p = A(n - 1); (void*)p > a; p = q) if (_cmp(q = p - msize, p) > 0) break; if ((void*)p <= a) break; for (p = A(n - 1); p > q; p-= msize) if (_cmp(q, p) > 0) break; swap(p, q); for (q += msize, p = A(n - 1); q < p; q += msize, p -= msize) swap(p, q); } free(tmp); } int scmp(const void *a, const void *b) { return strcmp(*(const char *const *)a, *(const char *const *)b); } int main() { int i; const char *strs[] = { "spqr", "abc", "giant squid", "stuff", "def" }; perm_sort(strs, 5, sizeof(*strs), scmp); for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) printf("%s\n", strs[i]); return 0; }
import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; public class PermutationSort { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] a={3,2,1,8,9,4,6}; System.out.println("Unsorted: " + Arrays.toString(a)); a=pSort(a); System.out.println("Sorted: " + Arrays.toString(a)); } public static int[] pSort(int[] a) { List<int[]> list=new ArrayList<int[]>(); permute(a,a.length,list); for(int[] x : list) if(isSorted(x)) return x; return a; } private static void permute(int[] a, int n, List<int[]> list) { if (n == 1) { int[] b=new int[a.length]; System.arraycopy(a, 0, b, 0, a.length); list.add(b); return; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { swap(a, i, n-1); permute(a, n-1, list); swap(a, i, n-1); } } private static boolean isSorted(int[] a) { for(int i=1;i<a.length;i++) if(a[i-1]>a[i]) return false; return true; } private static void swap(int[] arr,int i, int j) { int temp=arr[i]; arr[i]=arr[j]; arr[j]=temp; } }
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
#include <stdio.h> double mean(double *v, int len) { double sum = 0; int i; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) sum += v[i]; return sum / len; } int main(void) { double v[] = {1, 2, 2.718, 3, 3.142}; int i, len; for (len = 5; len >= 0; len--) { printf("mean["); for (i = 0; i < len; i++) printf(i ? ", %g" : "%g", v[i]); printf("] = %g\n", mean(v, len)); } return 0; }
public static double avg(double... arr) { double sum = 0.0; for (double x : arr) { sum += x; } return sum / arr.length; }
Transform the following C implementation into Java, maintaining the same output and logic.
#include <ctype.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> const char* command_table = "add 1 alter 3 backup 2 bottom 1 Cappend 2 change 1 Schange Cinsert 2 Clast 3 " "compress 4 copy 2 count 3 Coverlay 3 cursor 3 delete 3 Cdelete 2 down 1 duplicate " "3 xEdit 1 expand 3 extract 3 find 1 Nfind 2 Nfindup 6 NfUP 3 Cfind 2 findUP 3 fUP 2 " "forward 2 get help 1 hexType 4 input 1 powerInput 3 join 1 split 2 spltJOIN load " "locate 1 Clocate 2 lowerCase 3 upperCase 3 Lprefix 2 macro merge 2 modify 3 move 2 " "msg next 1 overlay 1 parse preserve 4 purge 3 put putD query 1 quit read recover 3 " "refresh renum 3 repeat 3 replace 1 Creplace 2 reset 3 restore 4 rgtLEFT right 2 left " "2 save set shift 2 si sort sos stack 3 status 4 top transfer 3 type 1 up 1"; typedef struct command_tag { char* cmd; size_t length; size_t min_len; struct command_tag* next; } command_t; bool command_match(const command_t* command, const char* str) { size_t olen = strlen(str); return olen >= command->min_len && olen <= command->length && strncmp(str, command->cmd, olen) == 0; } char* uppercase(char* str, size_t n) { for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) str[i] = toupper((unsigned char)str[i]); return str; } void fatal(const char* message) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message); exit(1); } void* xmalloc(size_t n) { void* ptr = malloc(n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } void* xrealloc(void* p, size_t n) { void* ptr = realloc(p, n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } char** split_into_words(const char* str, size_t* count) { size_t size = 0; size_t capacity = 16; char** words = xmalloc(capacity * sizeof(char*)); size_t len = strlen(str); for (size_t begin = 0; begin < len; ) { size_t i = begin; for (; i < len && isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} begin = i; for (; i < len && !isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} size_t word_len = i - begin; if (word_len == 0) break; char* word = xmalloc(word_len + 1); memcpy(word, str + begin, word_len); word[word_len] = 0; begin += word_len; if (capacity == size) { capacity *= 2; words = xrealloc(words, capacity * sizeof(char*)); } words[size++] = word; } *count = size; return words; } command_t* make_command_list(const char* table) { command_t* cmd = NULL; size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(table, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; command_t* new_cmd = xmalloc(sizeof(command_t)); size_t word_len = strlen(word); new_cmd->length = word_len; new_cmd->min_len = word_len; new_cmd->cmd = uppercase(word, word_len); if (i + 1 < count) { char* eptr = 0; unsigned long min_len = strtoul(words[i + 1], &eptr, 10); if (min_len > 0 && *eptr == 0) { free(words[i + 1]); new_cmd->min_len = min_len; ++i; } } new_cmd->next = cmd; cmd = new_cmd; } free(words); return cmd; } void free_command_list(command_t* cmd) { while (cmd != NULL) { command_t* next = cmd->next; free(cmd->cmd); free(cmd); cmd = next; } } const command_t* find_command(const command_t* commands, const char* word) { for (const command_t* cmd = commands; cmd != NULL; cmd = cmd->next) { if (command_match(cmd, word)) return cmd; } return NULL; } void test(const command_t* commands, const char* input) { printf(" input: %s\n", input); printf("output:"); size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(input, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; uppercase(word, strlen(word)); const command_t* cmd_ptr = find_command(commands, word); printf(" %s", cmd_ptr ? cmd_ptr->cmd : "*error*"); free(word); } free(words); printf("\n"); } int main() { command_t* commands = make_command_list(command_table); const char* input = "riG rePEAT copies put mo rest types fup. 6 poweRin"; test(commands, input); free_command_list(commands); return 0; }
import java.util.*; public class Abbreviations { public static void main(String[] args) { CommandList commands = new CommandList(commandTable); String input = "riG rePEAT copies put mo rest types fup. 6 poweRin"; System.out.println(" input: " + input); System.out.println("output: " + test(commands, input)); } private static String test(CommandList commands, String input) { StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(input); while (scanner.hasNext()) { String word = scanner.next(); if (output.length() > 0) output.append(' '); Command cmd = commands.findCommand(word); if (cmd != null) output.append(cmd.cmd); else output.append("*error*"); } return output.toString(); } private static String commandTable = "add 1 alter 3 backup 2 bottom 1 Cappend 2 change 1 Schange Cinsert 2 Clast 3 " + "compress 4 copy 2 count 3 Coverlay 3 cursor 3 delete 3 Cdelete 2 down 1 duplicate " + "3 xEdit 1 expand 3 extract 3 find 1 Nfind 2 Nfindup 6 NfUP 3 Cfind 2 findUP 3 fUP 2 " + "forward 2 get help 1 hexType 4 input 1 powerInput 3 join 1 split 2 spltJOIN load " + "locate 1 Clocate 2 lowerCase 3 upperCase 3 Lprefix 2 macro merge 2 modify 3 move 2 " + "msg next 1 overlay 1 parse preserve 4 purge 3 put putD query 1 quit read recover 3 " + "refresh renum 3 repeat 3 replace 1 Creplace 2 reset 3 restore 4 rgtLEFT right 2 left " + "2 save set shift 2 si sort sos stack 3 status 4 top transfer 3 type 1 up 1"; private static class Command { private Command(String cmd, int minLength) { this.cmd = cmd; this.minLength = minLength; } private boolean match(String str) { int olen = str.length(); return olen >= minLength && olen <= cmd.length() && cmd.regionMatches(true, 0, str, 0, olen); } private String cmd; private int minLength; } private static Integer parseInteger(String word) { try { return Integer.valueOf(word); } catch (NumberFormatException ex) { return null; } } private static class CommandList { private CommandList(String table) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(table); List<String> words = new ArrayList<>(); while (scanner.hasNext()) { String word = scanner.next(); words.add(word.toUpperCase()); } for (int i = 0, n = words.size(); i < n; ++i) { String word = words.get(i); int len = word.length(); if (i + 1 < n) { Integer number = parseInteger(words.get(i + 1)); if (number != null) { len = number.intValue(); ++i; } } commands.add(new Command(word, len)); } } private Command findCommand(String word) { for (Command command : commands) { if (command.match(word)) return command; } return null; } private List<Command> commands = new ArrayList<>(); } }
Ensure the translated Java code behaves exactly like the original C snippet.
#include <ctype.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> const char* command_table = "add 1 alter 3 backup 2 bottom 1 Cappend 2 change 1 Schange Cinsert 2 Clast 3 " "compress 4 copy 2 count 3 Coverlay 3 cursor 3 delete 3 Cdelete 2 down 1 duplicate " "3 xEdit 1 expand 3 extract 3 find 1 Nfind 2 Nfindup 6 NfUP 3 Cfind 2 findUP 3 fUP 2 " "forward 2 get help 1 hexType 4 input 1 powerInput 3 join 1 split 2 spltJOIN load " "locate 1 Clocate 2 lowerCase 3 upperCase 3 Lprefix 2 macro merge 2 modify 3 move 2 " "msg next 1 overlay 1 parse preserve 4 purge 3 put putD query 1 quit read recover 3 " "refresh renum 3 repeat 3 replace 1 Creplace 2 reset 3 restore 4 rgtLEFT right 2 left " "2 save set shift 2 si sort sos stack 3 status 4 top transfer 3 type 1 up 1"; typedef struct command_tag { char* cmd; size_t length; size_t min_len; struct command_tag* next; } command_t; bool command_match(const command_t* command, const char* str) { size_t olen = strlen(str); return olen >= command->min_len && olen <= command->length && strncmp(str, command->cmd, olen) == 0; } char* uppercase(char* str, size_t n) { for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) str[i] = toupper((unsigned char)str[i]); return str; } void fatal(const char* message) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message); exit(1); } void* xmalloc(size_t n) { void* ptr = malloc(n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } void* xrealloc(void* p, size_t n) { void* ptr = realloc(p, n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } char** split_into_words(const char* str, size_t* count) { size_t size = 0; size_t capacity = 16; char** words = xmalloc(capacity * sizeof(char*)); size_t len = strlen(str); for (size_t begin = 0; begin < len; ) { size_t i = begin; for (; i < len && isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} begin = i; for (; i < len && !isspace((unsigned char)str[i]); ++i) {} size_t word_len = i - begin; if (word_len == 0) break; char* word = xmalloc(word_len + 1); memcpy(word, str + begin, word_len); word[word_len] = 0; begin += word_len; if (capacity == size) { capacity *= 2; words = xrealloc(words, capacity * sizeof(char*)); } words[size++] = word; } *count = size; return words; } command_t* make_command_list(const char* table) { command_t* cmd = NULL; size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(table, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; command_t* new_cmd = xmalloc(sizeof(command_t)); size_t word_len = strlen(word); new_cmd->length = word_len; new_cmd->min_len = word_len; new_cmd->cmd = uppercase(word, word_len); if (i + 1 < count) { char* eptr = 0; unsigned long min_len = strtoul(words[i + 1], &eptr, 10); if (min_len > 0 && *eptr == 0) { free(words[i + 1]); new_cmd->min_len = min_len; ++i; } } new_cmd->next = cmd; cmd = new_cmd; } free(words); return cmd; } void free_command_list(command_t* cmd) { while (cmd != NULL) { command_t* next = cmd->next; free(cmd->cmd); free(cmd); cmd = next; } } const command_t* find_command(const command_t* commands, const char* word) { for (const command_t* cmd = commands; cmd != NULL; cmd = cmd->next) { if (command_match(cmd, word)) return cmd; } return NULL; } void test(const command_t* commands, const char* input) { printf(" input: %s\n", input); printf("output:"); size_t count = 0; char** words = split_into_words(input, &count); for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { char* word = words[i]; uppercase(word, strlen(word)); const command_t* cmd_ptr = find_command(commands, word); printf(" %s", cmd_ptr ? cmd_ptr->cmd : "*error*"); free(word); } free(words); printf("\n"); } int main() { command_t* commands = make_command_list(command_table); const char* input = "riG rePEAT copies put mo rest types fup. 6 poweRin"; test(commands, input); free_command_list(commands); return 0; }
import java.util.*; public class Abbreviations { public static void main(String[] args) { CommandList commands = new CommandList(commandTable); String input = "riG rePEAT copies put mo rest types fup. 6 poweRin"; System.out.println(" input: " + input); System.out.println("output: " + test(commands, input)); } private static String test(CommandList commands, String input) { StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(input); while (scanner.hasNext()) { String word = scanner.next(); if (output.length() > 0) output.append(' '); Command cmd = commands.findCommand(word); if (cmd != null) output.append(cmd.cmd); else output.append("*error*"); } return output.toString(); } private static String commandTable = "add 1 alter 3 backup 2 bottom 1 Cappend 2 change 1 Schange Cinsert 2 Clast 3 " + "compress 4 copy 2 count 3 Coverlay 3 cursor 3 delete 3 Cdelete 2 down 1 duplicate " + "3 xEdit 1 expand 3 extract 3 find 1 Nfind 2 Nfindup 6 NfUP 3 Cfind 2 findUP 3 fUP 2 " + "forward 2 get help 1 hexType 4 input 1 powerInput 3 join 1 split 2 spltJOIN load " + "locate 1 Clocate 2 lowerCase 3 upperCase 3 Lprefix 2 macro merge 2 modify 3 move 2 " + "msg next 1 overlay 1 parse preserve 4 purge 3 put putD query 1 quit read recover 3 " + "refresh renum 3 repeat 3 replace 1 Creplace 2 reset 3 restore 4 rgtLEFT right 2 left " + "2 save set shift 2 si sort sos stack 3 status 4 top transfer 3 type 1 up 1"; private static class Command { private Command(String cmd, int minLength) { this.cmd = cmd; this.minLength = minLength; } private boolean match(String str) { int olen = str.length(); return olen >= minLength && olen <= cmd.length() && cmd.regionMatches(true, 0, str, 0, olen); } private String cmd; private int minLength; } private static Integer parseInteger(String word) { try { return Integer.valueOf(word); } catch (NumberFormatException ex) { return null; } } private static class CommandList { private CommandList(String table) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(table); List<String> words = new ArrayList<>(); while (scanner.hasNext()) { String word = scanner.next(); words.add(word.toUpperCase()); } for (int i = 0, n = words.size(); i < n; ++i) { String word = words.get(i); int len = word.length(); if (i + 1 < n) { Integer number = parseInteger(words.get(i + 1)); if (number != null) { len = number.intValue(); ++i; } } commands.add(new Command(word, len)); } } private Command findCommand(String word) { for (Command command : commands) { if (command.match(word)) return command; } return null; } private List<Command> commands = new ArrayList<>(); } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <string.h> #include <math.h> #define MAXLEN 100 int makehist(unsigned char *S,int *hist,int len){ int wherechar[256]; int i,histlen; histlen=0; for(i=0;i<256;i++)wherechar[i]=-1; for(i=0;i<len;i++){ if(wherechar[(int)S[i]]==-1){ wherechar[(int)S[i]]=histlen; histlen++; } hist[wherechar[(int)S[i]]]++; } return histlen; } double entropy(int *hist,int histlen,int len){ int i; double H; H=0; for(i=0;i<histlen;i++){ H-=(double)hist[i]/len*log2((double)hist[i]/len); } return H; } int main(void){ unsigned char S[MAXLEN]; int len,*hist,histlen; double H; scanf("%[^\n]",S); len=strlen(S); hist=(int*)calloc(len,sizeof(int)); histlen=makehist(S,hist,len); H=entropy(hist,histlen,len); printf("%lf\n",H); return 0; }
import java.lang.Math; import java.util.Map; import java.util.HashMap; public class REntropy { @SuppressWarnings("boxing") public static double getShannonEntropy(String s) { int n = 0; Map<Character, Integer> occ = new HashMap<>(); for (int c_ = 0; c_ < s.length(); ++c_) { char cx = s.charAt(c_); if (occ.containsKey(cx)) { occ.put(cx, occ.get(cx) + 1); } else { occ.put(cx, 1); } ++n; } double e = 0.0; for (Map.Entry<Character, Integer> entry : occ.entrySet()) { char cx = entry.getKey(); double p = (double) entry.getValue() / n; e += p * log2(p); } return -e; } private static double log2(double a) { return Math.log(a) / Math.log(2); } public static void main(String[] args) { String[] sstr = { "1223334444", "1223334444555555555", "122333", "1227774444", "aaBBcccDDDD", "1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", "Rosetta Code", }; for (String ss : sstr) { double entropy = REntropy.getShannonEntropy(ss); System.out.printf("Shannon entropy of %40s: %.12f%n", "\"" + ss + "\"", entropy); } return; } }
Generate an equivalent Java version of this C code.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #define STR_DEMO "one^|uno||three^^^^|four^^^|^cuatro|" #define SEP '|' #define ESC '^' typedef char* Str; unsigned int ElQ( const char *s, char sep, char esc ); Str *Tokenize( char *s, char sep, char esc, unsigned int *q ); int main() { char s[] = STR_DEMO; unsigned int i, q; Str *list = Tokenize( s, SEP, ESC, &q ); if( list != NULL ) { printf( "\n Original string: %s\n\n", STR_DEMO ); printf( " %d tokens:\n\n", q ); for( i=0; i<q; ++i ) printf( " %4d. %s\n", i+1, list[i] ); free( list ); } return 0; } unsigned int ElQ( const char *s, char sep, char esc ) { unsigned int q, e; const char *p; for( e=0, q=1, p=s; *p; ++p ) { if( *p == esc ) e = !e; else if( *p == sep ) q += !e; else e = 0; } return q; } Str *Tokenize( char *s, char sep, char esc, unsigned int *q ) { Str *list = NULL; *q = ElQ( s, sep, esc ); list = malloc( *q * sizeof(Str) ); if( list != NULL ) { unsigned int e, i; char *p; i = 0; list[i++] = s; for( e=0, p=s; *p; ++p ) { if( *p == esc ) { e = !e; } else if( *p == sep && !e ) { list[i++] = p+1; *p = '\0'; } else { e = 0; } } } return list; }
import java.util.*; public class TokenizeStringWithEscaping { public static void main(String[] args) { String sample = "one^|uno||three^^^^|four^^^|^cuatro|"; char separator = '|'; char escape = '^'; System.out.println(sample); try { System.out.println(tokenizeString(sample, separator, escape)); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } public static List<String> tokenizeString(String s, char sep, char escape) throws Exception { List<String> tokens = new ArrayList<>(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); boolean inEscape = false; for (char c : s.toCharArray()) { if (inEscape) { inEscape = false; } else if (c == escape) { inEscape = true; continue; } else if (c == sep) { tokens.add(sb.toString()); sb.setLength(0); continue; } sb.append(c); } if (inEscape) throw new Exception("Invalid terminal escape"); tokens.add(sb.toString()); return tokens; } }
Change the following C code into Java without altering its purpose.
const hello = "Hello world!\n" print(hello)
module HelloWorld { void run() { @Inject Console console; console.print("Hello World!"); } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C to Java, same semantics.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <locale.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 typedef unsigned char bool; void sieve(bool *c, int limit) { int i, p = 3, p2; c[0] = TRUE; c[1] = TRUE; for (;;) { p2 = p * p; if (p2 >= limit) { break; } for (i = p2; i < limit; i += 2*p) { c[i] = TRUE; } for (;;) { p += 2; if (!c[p]) { break; } } } } void printHelper(const char *cat, int len, int lim, int n) { const char *sp = strcmp(cat, "unsexy primes") ? "sexy prime " : ""; const char *verb = (len == 1) ? "is" : "are"; printf("Number of %s%s less than %'d = %'d\n", sp, cat, lim, len); printf("The last %d %s:\n", n, verb); } void printArray(int *a, int len) { int i; printf("["); for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) printf("%d ", a[i]); printf("\b]"); } int main() { int i, ix, n, lim = 1000035; int pairs = 0, trips = 0, quads = 0, quins = 0, unsexy = 2; int pr = 0, tr = 0, qd = 0, qn = 0, un = 2; int lpr = 5, ltr = 5, lqd = 5, lqn = 5, lun = 10; int last_pr[5][2], last_tr[5][3], last_qd[5][4], last_qn[5][5]; int last_un[10]; bool *sv = calloc(lim - 1, sizeof(bool)); setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, ""); sieve(sv, lim); for (i = 3; i < lim; i += 2) { if (i > 5 && i < lim-6 && !sv[i] && sv[i-6] && sv[i+6]) { unsexy++; continue; } if (i < lim-6 && !sv[i] && !sv[i+6]) { pairs++; } else continue; if (i < lim-12 && !sv[i+12]) { trips++; } else continue; if (i < lim-18 && !sv[i+18]) { quads++; } else continue; if (i < lim-24 && !sv[i+24]) { quins++; } } if (pairs < lpr) lpr = pairs; if (trips < ltr) ltr = trips; if (quads < lqd) lqd = quads; if (quins < lqn) lqn = quins; if (unsexy < lun) lun = unsexy; for (i = 3; i < lim; i += 2) { if (i > 5 && i < lim-6 && !sv[i] && sv[i-6] && sv[i+6]) { un++; if (un > unsexy - lun) { last_un[un + lun - 1 - unsexy] = i; } continue; } if (i < lim-6 && !sv[i] && !sv[i+6]) { pr++; if (pr > pairs - lpr) { ix = pr + lpr - 1 - pairs; last_pr[ix][0] = i; last_pr[ix][1] = i + 6; } } else continue; if (i < lim-12 && !sv[i+12]) { tr++; if (tr > trips - ltr) { ix = tr + ltr - 1 - trips; last_tr[ix][0] = i; last_tr[ix][1] = i + 6; last_tr[ix][2] = i + 12; } } else continue; if (i < lim-18 && !sv[i+18]) { qd++; if (qd > quads - lqd) { ix = qd + lqd - 1 - quads; last_qd[ix][0] = i; last_qd[ix][1] = i + 6; last_qd[ix][2] = i + 12; last_qd[ix][3] = i + 18; } } else continue; if (i < lim-24 && !sv[i+24]) { qn++; if (qn > quins - lqn) { ix = qn + lqn - 1 - quins; last_qn[ix][0] = i; last_qn[ix][1] = i + 6; last_qn[ix][2] = i + 12; last_qn[ix][3] = i + 18; last_qn[ix][4] = i + 24; } } } printHelper("pairs", pairs, lim, lpr); printf(" ["); for (i = 0; i < lpr; ++i) { printArray(last_pr[i], 2); printf("\b] "); } printf("\b]\n\n"); printHelper("triplets", trips, lim, ltr); printf(" ["); for (i = 0; i < ltr; ++i) { printArray(last_tr[i], 3); printf("\b] "); } printf("\b]\n\n"); printHelper("quadruplets", quads, lim, lqd); printf(" ["); for (i = 0; i < lqd; ++i) { printArray(last_qd[i], 4); printf("\b] "); } printf("\b]\n\n"); printHelper("quintuplets", quins, lim, lqn); printf(" ["); for (i = 0; i < lqn; ++i) { printArray(last_qn[i], 5); printf("\b] "); } printf("\b]\n\n"); printHelper("unsexy primes", unsexy, lim, lun); printf(" ["); printArray(last_un, lun); printf("\b]\n"); free(sv); return 0; }
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class SexyPrimes { public static void main(String[] args) { sieve(); int pairs = 0; List<String> pairList = new ArrayList<>(); int triples = 0; List<String> tripleList = new ArrayList<>(); int quadruplets = 0; List<String> quadrupletList = new ArrayList<>(); int unsexyCount = 1; List<String> unsexyList = new ArrayList<>(); for ( int i = 3 ; i < MAX ; i++ ) { if ( i-6 >= 3 && primes[i-6] && primes[i] ) { pairs++; pairList.add((i-6) + " " + i); if ( pairList.size() > 5 ) { pairList.remove(0); } } else if ( i < MAX-2 && primes[i] && ! (i+6<MAX && primes[i] && primes[i+6])) { unsexyCount++; unsexyList.add("" + i); if ( unsexyList.size() > 10 ) { unsexyList.remove(0); } } if ( i-12 >= 3 && primes[i-12] && primes[i-6] && primes[i] ) { triples++; tripleList.add((i-12) + " " + (i-6) + " " + i); if ( tripleList.size() > 5 ) { tripleList.remove(0); } } if ( i-16 >= 3 && primes[i-18] && primes[i-12] && primes[i-6] && primes[i] ) { quadruplets++; quadrupletList.add((i-18) + " " + (i-12) + " " + (i-6) + " " + i); if ( quadrupletList.size() > 5 ) { quadrupletList.remove(0); } } } System.out.printf("Count of sexy triples less than %,d = %,d%n", MAX, pairs); System.out.printf("The last 5 sexy pairs:%n %s%n%n", pairList.toString().replaceAll(", ", "], [")); System.out.printf("Count of sexy triples less than %,d = %,d%n", MAX, triples); System.out.printf("The last 5 sexy triples:%n %s%n%n", tripleList.toString().replaceAll(", ", "], [")); System.out.printf("Count of sexy quadruplets less than %,d = %,d%n", MAX, quadruplets); System.out.printf("The last 5 sexy quadruplets:%n %s%n%n", quadrupletList.toString().replaceAll(", ", "], [")); System.out.printf("Count of unsexy primes less than %,d = %,d%n", MAX, unsexyCount); System.out.printf("The last 10 unsexy primes:%n %s%n%n", unsexyList.toString().replaceAll(", ", "], [")); } private static int MAX = 1_000_035; private static boolean[] primes = new boolean[MAX]; private static final void sieve() { for ( int i = 2 ; i < MAX ; i++ ) { primes[i] = true; } for ( int i = 2 ; i < MAX ; i++ ) { if ( primes[i] ) { for ( int j = 2*i ; j < MAX ; j += i ) { primes[j] = false; } } } } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> double* fwd_diff(double* x, unsigned int len, unsigned int order) { unsigned int i, j; double* y; if (order >= len) return 0; y = malloc(sizeof(double) * len); if (!order) { memcpy(y, x, sizeof(double) * len); return y; } for (j = 0; j < order; j++, x = y) for (i = 0, len--; i < len; i++) y[i] = x[i + 1] - x[i]; y = realloc(y, sizeof(double) * len); return y; } int main(void) { double *y, x[] = {90, 47, 58, 29, 22, 32, 55, 5, 55, 73}; int i, len = sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]); y = fwd_diff(x, len, 1); for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) printf("%g ", y[i]); putchar('\n'); return 0; }
import java.util.Arrays; public class FD { public static void main(String args[]) { double[] a = {90, 47, 58, 29, 22, 32, 55, 5, 55, 73}; System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dif(a, 1))); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dif(a, 2))); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dif(a, 9))); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dif(a, 10))); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dif(a, 11))); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dif(a, -1))); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dif(a, 0))); } public static double[] dif(double[] a, int n) { if (n < 0) return null; for (int i = 0; i < n && a.length > 0; i++) { double[] b = new double[a.length - 1]; for (int j = 0; j < b.length; j++){ b[j] = a[j+1] - a[j]; } a = b; } return a; } }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C version.
int is_prime(unsigned int n) { unsigned int p; if (!(n & 1) || n < 2 ) return n == 2; for (p = 3; p <= n/p; p += 2) if (!(n % p)) return 0; return 1; }
public static boolean prime(long a){ if(a == 2){ return true; }else if(a <= 1 || a % 2 == 0){ return false; } long max = (long)Math.sqrt(a); for(long n= 3; n <= max; n+= 2){ if(a % n == 0){ return false; } } return true; }
Translate the given C code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
#include <stdio.h> #include <limits.h> static unsigned long gcd_ui(unsigned long x, unsigned long y) { unsigned long t; if (y < x) { t = x; x = y; y = t; } while (y > 0) { t = y; y = x % y; x = t; } return x; } unsigned long binomial(unsigned long n, unsigned long k) { unsigned long d, g, r = 1; if (k == 0) return 1; if (k == 1) return n; if (k >= n) return (k == n); if (k > n/2) k = n-k; for (d = 1; d <= k; d++) { if (r >= ULONG_MAX/n) { unsigned long nr, dr; g = gcd_ui(n, d); nr = n/g; dr = d/g; g = gcd_ui(r, dr); r = r/g; dr = dr/g; if (r >= ULONG_MAX/nr) return 0; r *= nr; r /= dr; n--; } else { r *= n--; r /= d; } } return r; } int main() { printf("%lu\n", binomial(5, 3)); printf("%lu\n", binomial(40, 19)); printf("%lu\n", binomial(67, 31)); return 0; }
public class Binomial { private static long binomialInt(int n, int k) { if (k > n - k) k = n - k; long binom = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) binom = binom * (n + 1 - i) / i; return binom; } private static Object binomialIntReliable(int n, int k) { if (k > n - k) k = n - k; long binom = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) { try { binom = Math.multiplyExact(binom, n + 1 - i) / i; } catch (ArithmeticException e) { return "overflow"; } } return binom; } private static double binomialFloat(int n, int k) { if (k > n - k) k = n - k; double binom = 1.0; for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) binom = binom * (n + 1 - i) / i; return binom; } private static BigInteger binomialBigInt(int n, int k) { if (k > n - k) k = n - k; BigInteger binom = BigInteger.ONE; for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) { binom = binom.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(n + 1 - i)); binom = binom.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(i)); } return binom; } private static void demo(int n, int k) { List<Object> data = Arrays.asList( n, k, binomialInt(n, k), binomialIntReliable(n, k), binomialFloat(n, k), binomialBigInt(n, k)); System.out.println(data.stream().map(Object::toString).collect(Collectors.joining("\t"))); } public static void main(String[] args) { demo(5, 3); demo(1000, 300); } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
#define cSize( a ) ( sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]) ) int ar[10]; ar[0] = 1; ar[1] = 2; int* p; for (p=ar; p<(ar+cSize(ar)); p++) { printf("%d\n",*p); }
List arrayList = new ArrayList(); arrayList.add(new Integer(0)); arrayList.add(0); List<Integer> myarrlist = new ArrayList<Integer>(); int sum; for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { myarrlist.add(i); }
Change the following C code into Java without altering its purpose.
struct link *first; struct link *iter; for(iter = first; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) { }
LinkedList<Type> list = new LinkedList<Type>(); for(Type i: list){ System.out.println(i); }
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { const int dimx = 800, dimy = 800; int i, j; FILE *fp = fopen("first.ppm", "wb"); (void) fprintf(fp, "P6\n%d %d\n255\n", dimx, dimy); for (j = 0; j < dimy; ++j) { for (i = 0; i < dimx; ++i) { static unsigned char color[3]; color[0] = i % 256; color[1] = j % 256; color[2] = (i * j) % 256; (void) fwrite(color, 1, 3, fp); } } (void) fclose(fp); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class PPMWriter { public void bitmapToPPM(File file, BasicBitmapStorage bitmap) throws IOException { file.delete(); try (var os = new FileOutputStream(file, true); var bw = new BufferedOutputStream(os)) { var header = String.format("P6\n%d %d\n255\n", bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight()); bw.write(header.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)); for (var y = 0; y < bitmap.getHeight(); y++) { for (var x = 0; x < bitmap.getWidth(); x++) { var pixel = bitmap.getPixel(x, y); bw.write(pixel.getRed()); bw.write(pixel.getGreen()); bw.write(pixel.getBlue()); } } } } }
Port the following code from C to Java with equivalent syntax and logic.
#include <stdio.h> int main() { remove("input.txt"); remove("/input.txt"); remove("docs"); remove("/docs"); return 0; }
import java.io.File; public class FileDeleteTest { public static boolean deleteFile(String filename) { boolean exists = new File(filename).delete(); return exists; } public static void test(String type, String filename) { System.out.println("The following " + type + " called " + filename + (deleteFile(filename) ? " was deleted." : " could not be deleted.") ); } public static void main(String args[]) { test("file", "input.txt"); test("file", File.seperator + "input.txt"); test("directory", "docs"); test("directory", File.seperator + "docs" + File.seperator); } }
Convert this C snippet to Java and keep its semantics consistent.
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> #define day_of_week( x ) ((x) == 1 ? "Sweetmorn" :\ (x) == 2 ? "Boomtime" :\ (x) == 3 ? "Pungenday" :\ (x) == 4 ? "Prickle-Prickle" :\ "Setting Orange") #define season( x ) ((x) == 0 ? "Chaos" :\ (x) == 1 ? "Discord" :\ (x) == 2 ? "Confusion" :\ (x) == 3 ? "Bureaucracy" :\ "The Aftermath") #define date( x ) ((x)%73 == 0 ? 73 : (x)%73) #define leap_year( x ) ((x) % 400 == 0 || (((x) % 4) == 0 && (x) % 100)) char * ddate( int y, int d ){ int dyear = 1166 + y; char * result = malloc( 100 * sizeof( char ) ); if( leap_year( y ) ){ if( d == 60 ){ sprintf( result, "St. Tib's Day, YOLD %d", dyear ); return result; } else if( d >= 60 ){ -- d; } } sprintf( result, "%s, %s %d, YOLD %d", day_of_week(d%5), season(((d%73)==0?d-1:d)/73 ), date( d ), dyear ); return result; } int day_of_year( int y, int m, int d ){ int month_lengths[ 12 ] = { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 }; for( ; m > 1; m -- ){ d += month_lengths[ m - 2 ]; if( m == 3 && leap_year( y ) ){ ++ d; } } return d; } int main( int argc, char * argv[] ){ time_t now; struct tm * now_time; int year, doy; if( argc == 1 ){ now = time( NULL ); now_time = localtime( &now ); year = now_time->tm_year + 1900; doy = now_time->tm_yday + 1; } else if( argc == 4 ){ year = atoi( argv[ 1 ] ); doy = day_of_year( atoi( argv[ 1 ] ), atoi( argv[ 2 ] ), atoi( argv[ 3 ] ) ); } char * result = ddate( year, doy ); puts( result ); free( result ); return 0; }
import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.GregorianCalendar; public class DiscordianDate { final static String[] seasons = {"Chaos", "Discord", "Confusion", "Bureaucracy", "The Aftermath"}; final static String[] weekday = {"Sweetmorn", "Boomtime", "Pungenday", "Prickle-Prickle", "Setting Orange"}; final static String[] apostle = {"Mungday", "Mojoday", "Syaday", "Zaraday", "Maladay"}; final static String[] holiday = {"Chaoflux", "Discoflux", "Confuflux", "Bureflux", "Afflux"}; public static String discordianDate(final GregorianCalendar date) { int y = date.get(Calendar.YEAR); int yold = y + 1166; int dayOfYear = date.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR); if (date.isLeapYear(y)) { if (dayOfYear == 60) return "St. Tib's Day, in the YOLD " + yold; else if (dayOfYear > 60) dayOfYear--; } dayOfYear--; int seasonDay = dayOfYear % 73 + 1; if (seasonDay == 5) return apostle[dayOfYear / 73] + ", in the YOLD " + yold; if (seasonDay == 50) return holiday[dayOfYear / 73] + ", in the YOLD " + yold; String season = seasons[dayOfYear / 73]; String dayOfWeek = weekday[dayOfYear % 5]; return String.format("%s, day %s of %s in the YOLD %s", dayOfWeek, seasonDay, season, yold); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(discordianDate(new GregorianCalendar())); test(2010, 6, 22, "Pungenday, day 57 of Confusion in the YOLD 3176"); test(2012, 1, 28, "Prickle-Prickle, day 59 of Chaos in the YOLD 3178"); test(2012, 1, 29, "St. Tib's Day, in the YOLD 3178"); test(2012, 2, 1, "Setting Orange, day 60 of Chaos in the YOLD 3178"); test(2010, 0, 5, "Mungday, in the YOLD 3176"); test(2011, 4, 3, "Discoflux, in the YOLD 3177"); test(2015, 9, 19, "Boomtime, day 73 of Bureaucracy in the YOLD 3181"); } private static void test(int y, int m, int d, final String result) { assert (discordianDate(new GregorianCalendar(y, m, d)).equals(result)); } }
Change the programming language of this snippet from C to Java without modifying what it does.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int i, j; void fliprow(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) b[n+1][i] = !b[n+1][i]; } void flipcol(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i][n] = !b[i][n]; } void initt(int **t, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) t[i][j] = rand()%2; } void initb(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) b[i][j] = t[i][j]; for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) fliprow(b, sz, rand()%sz+1); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) flipcol(b, sz, rand()%sz); } void printb(int **b, int sz) { printf(" "); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) printf(" %d", i); printf("\n"); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) { printf("%d", i-1); for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) printf(" %d", b[i][j]); printf("\n"); } printf("\n"); } int eq(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) if(b[i][j] != t[i][j]) return 0; return 1; } void main() { int sz = 3; int eql = 0; int mov = 0; int **t = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) t[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); int **b = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); char roc; int n; initt(t, sz); initb(t, b, sz); while(eq(t, b, sz)) initb(t, b, sz); while(!eql) { printf("Target: \n"); printb(t, sz); printf("Board: \n"); printb(b, sz); printf("What to flip: "); scanf(" %c", &roc); scanf(" %d", &n); switch(roc) { case 'r': fliprow(b, sz, n); break; case 'c': flipcol(b, sz, n); break; default: perror("Please specify r or c and an number"); break; } printf("Moves Taken: %d\n", ++mov); if(eq(t, b, sz)) { printf("You win!\n"); eql = 1; } } }
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; public class FlippingBitsGame extends JPanel { final int maxLevel = 7; final int minLevel = 3; private Random rand = new Random(); private int[][] grid, target; private Rectangle box; private int n = maxLevel; private boolean solved = true; FlippingBitsGame() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640)); setBackground(Color.white); setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 18)); box = new Rectangle(120, 90, 400, 400); startNewGame(); addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if (solved) { startNewGame(); } else { int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); if (box.contains(x, y)) return; if (x > box.x && x < box.x + box.width) { flipCol((x - box.x) / (box.width / n)); } else if (y > box.y && y < box.y + box.height) flipRow((y - box.y) / (box.height / n)); if (solved(grid, target)) solved = true; printGrid(solved ? "Solved!" : "The board", grid); } repaint(); } }); } void startNewGame() { if (solved) { n = (n == maxLevel) ? minLevel : n + 1; grid = new int[n][n]; target = new int[n][n]; do { shuffle(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) target[i] = Arrays.copyOf(grid[i], n); shuffle(); } while (solved(grid, target)); solved = false; printGrid("The target", target); printGrid("The board", grid); } } void printGrid(String msg, int[][] g) { System.out.println(msg); for (int[] row : g) System.out.println(Arrays.toString(row)); System.out.println(); } boolean solved(int[][] a, int[][] b) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!Arrays.equals(a[i], b[i])) return false; return true; } void shuffle() { for (int i = 0; i < n * n; i++) { if (rand.nextBoolean()) flipRow(rand.nextInt(n)); else flipCol(rand.nextInt(n)); } } void flipRow(int r) { for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) { grid[r][c] ^= 1; } } void flipCol(int c) { for (int[] row : grid) { row[c] ^= 1; } } void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) { g.setColor(getForeground()); if (solved) g.drawString("Solved! Click here to play again.", 180, 600); else g.drawString("Click next to a row or a column to flip.", 170, 600); int size = box.width / n; for (int r = 0; r < n; r++) for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) { g.setColor(grid[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange); g.fillRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size); g.setColor(getBackground()); g.drawRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size); g.setColor(target[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange); g.fillRect(7 + box.x + c * size, 7 + box.y + r * size, 10, 10); } } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); drawGrid(g); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Flipping Bits Game"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new FlippingBitsGame(), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int i, j; void fliprow(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) b[n+1][i] = !b[n+1][i]; } void flipcol(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i][n] = !b[i][n]; } void initt(int **t, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) t[i][j] = rand()%2; } void initb(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) b[i][j] = t[i][j]; for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) fliprow(b, sz, rand()%sz+1); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) flipcol(b, sz, rand()%sz); } void printb(int **b, int sz) { printf(" "); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) printf(" %d", i); printf("\n"); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) { printf("%d", i-1); for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) printf(" %d", b[i][j]); printf("\n"); } printf("\n"); } int eq(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) if(b[i][j] != t[i][j]) return 0; return 1; } void main() { int sz = 3; int eql = 0; int mov = 0; int **t = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) t[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); int **b = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); char roc; int n; initt(t, sz); initb(t, b, sz); while(eq(t, b, sz)) initb(t, b, sz); while(!eql) { printf("Target: \n"); printb(t, sz); printf("Board: \n"); printb(b, sz); printf("What to flip: "); scanf(" %c", &roc); scanf(" %d", &n); switch(roc) { case 'r': fliprow(b, sz, n); break; case 'c': flipcol(b, sz, n); break; default: perror("Please specify r or c and an number"); break; } printf("Moves Taken: %d\n", ++mov); if(eq(t, b, sz)) { printf("You win!\n"); eql = 1; } } }
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; public class FlippingBitsGame extends JPanel { final int maxLevel = 7; final int minLevel = 3; private Random rand = new Random(); private int[][] grid, target; private Rectangle box; private int n = maxLevel; private boolean solved = true; FlippingBitsGame() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640)); setBackground(Color.white); setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 18)); box = new Rectangle(120, 90, 400, 400); startNewGame(); addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if (solved) { startNewGame(); } else { int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); if (box.contains(x, y)) return; if (x > box.x && x < box.x + box.width) { flipCol((x - box.x) / (box.width / n)); } else if (y > box.y && y < box.y + box.height) flipRow((y - box.y) / (box.height / n)); if (solved(grid, target)) solved = true; printGrid(solved ? "Solved!" : "The board", grid); } repaint(); } }); } void startNewGame() { if (solved) { n = (n == maxLevel) ? minLevel : n + 1; grid = new int[n][n]; target = new int[n][n]; do { shuffle(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) target[i] = Arrays.copyOf(grid[i], n); shuffle(); } while (solved(grid, target)); solved = false; printGrid("The target", target); printGrid("The board", grid); } } void printGrid(String msg, int[][] g) { System.out.println(msg); for (int[] row : g) System.out.println(Arrays.toString(row)); System.out.println(); } boolean solved(int[][] a, int[][] b) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!Arrays.equals(a[i], b[i])) return false; return true; } void shuffle() { for (int i = 0; i < n * n; i++) { if (rand.nextBoolean()) flipRow(rand.nextInt(n)); else flipCol(rand.nextInt(n)); } } void flipRow(int r) { for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) { grid[r][c] ^= 1; } } void flipCol(int c) { for (int[] row : grid) { row[c] ^= 1; } } void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) { g.setColor(getForeground()); if (solved) g.drawString("Solved! Click here to play again.", 180, 600); else g.drawString("Click next to a row or a column to flip.", 170, 600); int size = box.width / n; for (int r = 0; r < n; r++) for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) { g.setColor(grid[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange); g.fillRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size); g.setColor(getBackground()); g.drawRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size); g.setColor(target[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange); g.fillRect(7 + box.x + c * size, 7 + box.y + r * size, 10, 10); } } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); drawGrid(g); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Flipping Bits Game"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new FlippingBitsGame(), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
Change the following C code into Java without altering its purpose.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int i, j; void fliprow(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) b[n+1][i] = !b[n+1][i]; } void flipcol(int **b, int sz, int n) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i][n] = !b[i][n]; } void initt(int **t, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) t[i][j] = rand()%2; } void initb(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) b[i][j] = t[i][j]; for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) fliprow(b, sz, rand()%sz+1); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) flipcol(b, sz, rand()%sz); } void printb(int **b, int sz) { printf(" "); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) printf(" %d", i); printf("\n"); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) { printf("%d", i-1); for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) printf(" %d", b[i][j]); printf("\n"); } printf("\n"); } int eq(int **t, int **b, int sz) { for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) for(j = 0; j < sz; j++) if(b[i][j] != t[i][j]) return 0; return 1; } void main() { int sz = 3; int eql = 0; int mov = 0; int **t = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) t[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); int **b = malloc(sz*(sizeof(int)+1)); for(i = 1; i <= sz; i++) b[i] = malloc(sz*sizeof(int)); char roc; int n; initt(t, sz); initb(t, b, sz); while(eq(t, b, sz)) initb(t, b, sz); while(!eql) { printf("Target: \n"); printb(t, sz); printf("Board: \n"); printb(b, sz); printf("What to flip: "); scanf(" %c", &roc); scanf(" %d", &n); switch(roc) { case 'r': fliprow(b, sz, n); break; case 'c': flipcol(b, sz, n); break; default: perror("Please specify r or c and an number"); break; } printf("Moves Taken: %d\n", ++mov); if(eq(t, b, sz)) { printf("You win!\n"); eql = 1; } } }
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; public class FlippingBitsGame extends JPanel { final int maxLevel = 7; final int minLevel = 3; private Random rand = new Random(); private int[][] grid, target; private Rectangle box; private int n = maxLevel; private boolean solved = true; FlippingBitsGame() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640, 640)); setBackground(Color.white); setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 18)); box = new Rectangle(120, 90, 400, 400); startNewGame(); addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if (solved) { startNewGame(); } else { int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); if (box.contains(x, y)) return; if (x > box.x && x < box.x + box.width) { flipCol((x - box.x) / (box.width / n)); } else if (y > box.y && y < box.y + box.height) flipRow((y - box.y) / (box.height / n)); if (solved(grid, target)) solved = true; printGrid(solved ? "Solved!" : "The board", grid); } repaint(); } }); } void startNewGame() { if (solved) { n = (n == maxLevel) ? minLevel : n + 1; grid = new int[n][n]; target = new int[n][n]; do { shuffle(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) target[i] = Arrays.copyOf(grid[i], n); shuffle(); } while (solved(grid, target)); solved = false; printGrid("The target", target); printGrid("The board", grid); } } void printGrid(String msg, int[][] g) { System.out.println(msg); for (int[] row : g) System.out.println(Arrays.toString(row)); System.out.println(); } boolean solved(int[][] a, int[][] b) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!Arrays.equals(a[i], b[i])) return false; return true; } void shuffle() { for (int i = 0; i < n * n; i++) { if (rand.nextBoolean()) flipRow(rand.nextInt(n)); else flipCol(rand.nextInt(n)); } } void flipRow(int r) { for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) { grid[r][c] ^= 1; } } void flipCol(int c) { for (int[] row : grid) { row[c] ^= 1; } } void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) { g.setColor(getForeground()); if (solved) g.drawString("Solved! Click here to play again.", 180, 600); else g.drawString("Click next to a row or a column to flip.", 170, 600); int size = box.width / n; for (int r = 0; r < n; r++) for (int c = 0; c < n; c++) { g.setColor(grid[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange); g.fillRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size); g.setColor(getBackground()); g.drawRect(box.x + c * size, box.y + r * size, size, size); g.setColor(target[r][c] == 1 ? Color.blue : Color.orange); g.fillRect(7 + box.x + c * size, 7 + box.y + r * size, 10, 10); } } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); drawGrid(g); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Flipping Bits Game"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new FlippingBitsGame(), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
Write a version of this C function in Java with identical behavior.
#include <stdio.h> #include <mpfr.h> void h(int n) { MPFR_DECL_INIT(a, 200); MPFR_DECL_INIT(b, 200); mpfr_fac_ui(a, n, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_set_ui(b, 2, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_log(b, b, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_pow_ui(b, b, n + 1, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_div(a, a, b, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_div_ui(a, a, 2, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_frac(b, a, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_printf("%2d: %23.4Rf %c\n", n, a, mpfr_cmp_d(b, .1) * mpfr_cmp_d(b, .9) > 0 ? 'Y' : 'N'); } int main(void) { int n; for (n = 1; n <= 17; n++) h(n); return 0; }
import java.math.*; public class Hickerson { final static String LN2 = "0.693147180559945309417232121458"; public static void main(String[] args) { for (int n = 1; n <= 17; n++) System.out.printf("%2s is almost integer: %s%n", n, almostInteger(n)); } static boolean almostInteger(int n) { BigDecimal a = new BigDecimal(LN2); a = a.pow(n + 1).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(2)); long f = n; while (--n > 1) f *= n; BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal(f); b = b.divide(a, MathContext.DECIMAL128); BigInteger c = b.movePointRight(1).toBigInteger().mod(BigInteger.TEN); return c.toString().matches("0|9"); } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <mpfr.h> void h(int n) { MPFR_DECL_INIT(a, 200); MPFR_DECL_INIT(b, 200); mpfr_fac_ui(a, n, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_set_ui(b, 2, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_log(b, b, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_pow_ui(b, b, n + 1, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_div(a, a, b, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_div_ui(a, a, 2, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_frac(b, a, MPFR_RNDD); mpfr_printf("%2d: %23.4Rf %c\n", n, a, mpfr_cmp_d(b, .1) * mpfr_cmp_d(b, .9) > 0 ? 'Y' : 'N'); } int main(void) { int n; for (n = 1; n <= 17; n++) h(n); return 0; }
import java.math.*; public class Hickerson { final static String LN2 = "0.693147180559945309417232121458"; public static void main(String[] args) { for (int n = 1; n <= 17; n++) System.out.printf("%2s is almost integer: %s%n", n, almostInteger(n)); } static boolean almostInteger(int n) { BigDecimal a = new BigDecimal(LN2); a = a.pow(n + 1).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(2)); long f = n; while (--n > 1) f *= n; BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal(f); b = b.divide(a, MathContext.DECIMAL128); BigInteger c = b.movePointRight(1).toBigInteger().mod(BigInteger.TEN); return c.toString().matches("0|9"); } }
Produce a functionally identical Java code for the snippet given in C.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <time.h> #define MAX_N 20 #define TIMES 1000000 double factorial(int n) { double f = 1; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) f *= i; return f; } double expected(int n) { double sum = 0; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) sum += factorial(n) / pow(n, i) / factorial(n - i); return sum; } int randint(int n) { int r, rmax = RAND_MAX / n * n; while ((r = rand()) >= rmax); return r / (RAND_MAX / n); } int test(int n, int times) { int i, count = 0; for (i = 0; i < times; i++) { int x = 1, bits = 0; while (!(bits & x)) { count++; bits |= x; x = 1 << randint(n); } } return count; } int main(void) { srand(time(0)); puts(" n\tavg\texp.\tdiff\n-------------------------------"); int n; for (n = 1; n <= MAX_N; n++) { int cnt = test(n, TIMES); double avg = (double)cnt / TIMES; double theory = expected(n); double diff = (avg / theory - 1) * 100; printf("%2d %8.4f %8.4f %6.3f%%\n", n, avg, theory, diff); } return 0; }
import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Set; public class AverageLoopLength { private static final int N = 100000; private static double analytical(int n) { double[] factorial = new double[n + 1]; double[] powers = new double[n + 1]; powers[0] = 1.0; factorial[0] = 1.0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { factorial[i] = factorial[i - 1] * i; powers[i] = powers[i - 1] * n; } double sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { sum += factorial[n] / factorial[n - i] / powers[i]; } return sum; } private static double average(int n) { Random rnd = new Random(); double sum = 0.0; for (int a = 0; a < N; a++) { int[] random = new int[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { random[i] = rnd.nextInt(n); } Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>(n); int current = 0; int length = 0; while (seen.add(current)) { length++; current = random[current]; } sum += length; } return sum / N; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(" N average analytical (error)"); System.out.println("=== ========= ============ ========="); for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { double avg = average(i); double ana = analytical(i); System.out.println(String.format("%3d %9.4f %12.4f (%6.2f%%)", i, avg, ana, ((ana - avg) / ana * 100))); } } }
Write the same code in Java as shown below in C.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <time.h> #define MAX_N 20 #define TIMES 1000000 double factorial(int n) { double f = 1; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) f *= i; return f; } double expected(int n) { double sum = 0; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) sum += factorial(n) / pow(n, i) / factorial(n - i); return sum; } int randint(int n) { int r, rmax = RAND_MAX / n * n; while ((r = rand()) >= rmax); return r / (RAND_MAX / n); } int test(int n, int times) { int i, count = 0; for (i = 0; i < times; i++) { int x = 1, bits = 0; while (!(bits & x)) { count++; bits |= x; x = 1 << randint(n); } } return count; } int main(void) { srand(time(0)); puts(" n\tavg\texp.\tdiff\n-------------------------------"); int n; for (n = 1; n <= MAX_N; n++) { int cnt = test(n, TIMES); double avg = (double)cnt / TIMES; double theory = expected(n); double diff = (avg / theory - 1) * 100; printf("%2d %8.4f %8.4f %6.3f%%\n", n, avg, theory, diff); } return 0; }
import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Set; public class AverageLoopLength { private static final int N = 100000; private static double analytical(int n) { double[] factorial = new double[n + 1]; double[] powers = new double[n + 1]; powers[0] = 1.0; factorial[0] = 1.0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { factorial[i] = factorial[i - 1] * i; powers[i] = powers[i - 1] * n; } double sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { sum += factorial[n] / factorial[n - i] / powers[i]; } return sum; } private static double average(int n) { Random rnd = new Random(); double sum = 0.0; for (int a = 0; a < N; a++) { int[] random = new int[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { random[i] = rnd.nextInt(n); } Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>(n); int current = 0; int length = 0; while (seen.add(current)) { length++; current = random[current]; } sum += length; } return sum / N; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(" N average analytical (error)"); System.out.println("=== ========= ============ ========="); for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { double avg = average(i); double ana = analytical(i); System.out.println(String.format("%3d %9.4f %12.4f (%6.2f%%)", i, avg, ana, ((ana - avg) / ana * 100))); } } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <time.h> #define MAX_N 20 #define TIMES 1000000 double factorial(int n) { double f = 1; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) f *= i; return f; } double expected(int n) { double sum = 0; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) sum += factorial(n) / pow(n, i) / factorial(n - i); return sum; } int randint(int n) { int r, rmax = RAND_MAX / n * n; while ((r = rand()) >= rmax); return r / (RAND_MAX / n); } int test(int n, int times) { int i, count = 0; for (i = 0; i < times; i++) { int x = 1, bits = 0; while (!(bits & x)) { count++; bits |= x; x = 1 << randint(n); } } return count; } int main(void) { srand(time(0)); puts(" n\tavg\texp.\tdiff\n-------------------------------"); int n; for (n = 1; n <= MAX_N; n++) { int cnt = test(n, TIMES); double avg = (double)cnt / TIMES; double theory = expected(n); double diff = (avg / theory - 1) * 100; printf("%2d %8.4f %8.4f %6.3f%%\n", n, avg, theory, diff); } return 0; }
import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Set; public class AverageLoopLength { private static final int N = 100000; private static double analytical(int n) { double[] factorial = new double[n + 1]; double[] powers = new double[n + 1]; powers[0] = 1.0; factorial[0] = 1.0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { factorial[i] = factorial[i - 1] * i; powers[i] = powers[i - 1] * n; } double sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { sum += factorial[n] / factorial[n - i] / powers[i]; } return sum; } private static double average(int n) { Random rnd = new Random(); double sum = 0.0; for (int a = 0; a < N; a++) { int[] random = new int[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { random[i] = rnd.nextInt(n); } Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>(n); int current = 0; int length = 0; while (seen.add(current)) { length++; current = random[current]; } sum += length; } return sum / N; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(" N average analytical (error)"); System.out.println("=== ========= ============ ========="); for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { double avg = average(i); double ana = analytical(i); System.out.println(String.format("%3d %9.4f %12.4f (%6.2f%%)", i, avg, ana, ((ana - avg) / ana * 100))); } } }