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Change the following Go code into VB without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) type vector []float64 func e(n uint) vector { if n > 4 { panic("n must be less than 5") } result := make(vector, 32) result[1<<n] = 1.0 return result } func cdot(a, b vector) vector { return mul(vector{0.5}, add(mul(a, b), mul(b, a))) } func neg(x vector) vector { return mul(vector{-1}, x) } func bitCount(i int) int { i = i - ((i >> 1) & 0x55555555) i = (i & 0x33333333) + ((i >> 2) & 0x33333333) i = (i + (i >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F i = i + (i >> 8) i = i + (i >> 16) return i & 0x0000003F } func reorderingSign(i, j int) float64 { i >>= 1 sum := 0 for i != 0 { sum += bitCount(i & j) i >>= 1 } cond := (sum & 1) == 0 if cond { return 1.0 } return -1.0 } func add(a, b vector) vector { result := make(vector, 32) copy(result, a) for i, _ := range b { result[i] += b[i] } return result } func mul(a, b vector) vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i, _ := range a { if a[i] != 0 { for j, _ := range b { if b[j] != 0 { s := reorderingSign(i, j) * a[i] * b[j] k := i ^ j result[k] += s } } } } return result } func randomVector() vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i := uint(0); i < 5; i++ { result = add(result, mul(vector{rand.Float64()}, e(i))) } return result } func randomMultiVector() vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i := 0; i < 32; i++ { result[i] = rand.Float64() } return result } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for i := uint(0); i < 5; i++ { for j := uint(0); j < 5; j++ { if i < j { if cdot(e(i), e(j))[0] != 0 { fmt.Println("Unexpected non-null scalar product.") return } } else if i == j { if cdot(e(i), e(j))[0] == 0 { fmt.Println("Unexpected null scalar product.") } } } } a := randomMultiVector() b := randomMultiVector() c := randomMultiVector() x := randomVector() fmt.Println(mul(mul(a, b), c)) fmt.Println(mul(a, mul(b, c))) fmt.Println(mul(a, add(b, c))) fmt.Println(add(mul(a, b), mul(a, c))) fmt.Println(mul(add(a, b), c)) fmt.Println(add(mul(a, c), mul(b, c))) fmt.Println(mul(x, x)) }
Option Strict On Imports System.Text Module Module1 Structure Vector Private ReadOnly dims() As Double Public Sub New(da() As Double) dims = da End Sub Public Shared Operator -(v As Vector) As Vector Return v * -1.0 End Operator Public Shared Operator +(lhs As Vector, rhs As Vector) As Vector Dim result(31) As Double Array.Copy(lhs.dims, 0, result, 0, lhs.Length) For i = 1 To result.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) = lhs(i2) + rhs(i2) Next Return New Vector(result) End Operator Public Shared Operator *(lhs As Vector, rhs As Vector) As Vector Dim result(31) As Double For i = 1 To lhs.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 If lhs(i2) <> 0.0 Then For j = 1 To lhs.Length Dim j2 = j - 1 If rhs(j2) <> 0.0 Then Dim s = ReorderingSign(i2, j2) * lhs(i2) * rhs(j2) Dim k = i2 Xor j2 result(k) += s End If Next End If Next Return New Vector(result) End Operator Public Shared Operator *(v As Vector, scale As Double) As Vector Dim result = CType(v.dims.Clone, Double()) For i = 1 To result.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) *= scale Next Return New Vector(result) End Operator Default Public Property Index(key As Integer) As Double Get Return dims(key) End Get Set(value As Double) dims(key) = value End Set End Property Public ReadOnly Property Length As Integer Get Return dims.Length End Get End Property Public Function Dot(rhs As Vector) As Vector Return (Me * rhs + rhs * Me) * 0.5 End Function Private Shared Function BitCount(i As Integer) As Integer i -= ((i >> 1) And &H55555555) i = (i And &H33333333) + ((i >> 2) And &H33333333) i = (i + (i >> 4)) And &HF0F0F0F i += (i >> 8) i += (i >> 16) Return i And &H3F End Function Private Shared Function ReorderingSign(i As Integer, j As Integer) As Double Dim k = i >> 1 Dim sum = 0 While k <> 0 sum += BitCount(k And j) k >>= 1 End While Return If((sum And 1) = 0, 1.0, -1.0) End Function Public Overrides Function ToString() As String Dim it = dims.GetEnumerator Dim sb As New StringBuilder("[") If it.MoveNext() Then sb.Append(it.Current) End If While it.MoveNext sb.Append(", ") sb.Append(it.Current) End While sb.Append("]") Return sb.ToString End Function End Structure Function DoubleArray(size As Integer) As Double() Dim result(size - 1) As Double For i = 1 To size Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) = 0.0 Next Return result End Function Function E(n As Integer) As Vector If n > 4 Then Throw New ArgumentException("n must be less than 5") End If Dim result As New Vector(DoubleArray(32)) result(1 << n) = 1.0 Return result End Function ReadOnly r As New Random() Function RandomVector() As Vector Dim result As New Vector(DoubleArray(32)) For i = 1 To 5 Dim i2 = i - 1 Dim singleton() As Double = {r.NextDouble()} result += New Vector(singleton) * E(i2) Next Return result End Function Function RandomMultiVector() As Vector Dim result As New Vector(DoubleArray(32)) For i = 1 To result.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) = r.NextDouble() Next Return result End Function Sub Main() For i = 1 To 5 Dim i2 = i - 1 For j = 1 To 5 Dim j2 = j - 1 If i2 < j2 Then If E(i2).Dot(E(j2))(0) <> 0.0 Then Console.Error.WriteLine("Unexpected non-null scalar product") Return End If ElseIf i2 = j2 Then If E(i2).Dot(E(j2))(0) = 0.0 Then Console.Error.WriteLine("Unexpected null scalar product") Return End If End If Next Next Dim a = RandomMultiVector() Dim b = RandomMultiVector() Dim c = RandomMultiVector() Dim x = RandomVector() Console.WriteLine((a * b) * c) Console.WriteLine(a * (b * c)) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(a * (b + c)) Console.WriteLine(a * b + a * c) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine((a + b) * c) Console.WriteLine(a * c + b * c) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(x * x) End Sub End Module
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in VB.
myMap := map[string]int { "hello": 13, "world": 31, "!" : 71 } for key, value := range myMap { fmt.Printf("key = %s, value = %d\n", key, value) } for key := range myMap { fmt.Printf("key = %s\n", key) } for _, value := range myMap { fmt.Printf("value = %d\n", value) }
Option Explicit Sub Test() Dim h As Object, i As Long, u, v, s Set h = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") h.Add "A", 1 h.Add "B", 2 h.Add "C", 3 For Each s In h.Keys Debug.Print s Next For Each s In h.Items Debug.Print s Next u = h.Keys v = h.Items For i = 0 To h.Count - 1 Debug.Print u(i), v(i) Next End Sub
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to VB without modifying what it does.
package main import "fmt" type TinyInt int func NewTinyInt(i int) TinyInt { if i < 1 { i = 1 } else if i > 10 { i = 10 } return TinyInt(i) } func (t1 TinyInt) Add(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) + int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Sub(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) - int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Mul(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) * int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Div(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) / int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Rem(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) % int(t2)) } func (t TinyInt) Inc() TinyInt { return t.Add(TinyInt(1)) } func (t TinyInt) Dec() TinyInt { return t.Sub(TinyInt(1)) } func main() { t1 := NewTinyInt(6) t2 := NewTinyInt(3) fmt.Println("t1 =", t1) fmt.Println("t2 =", t2) fmt.Println("t1 + t2 =", t1.Add(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 - t2 =", t1.Sub(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 * t2 =", t1.Mul(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 / t2 =", t1.Div(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 % t2 =", t1.Rem(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 + 1 =", t1.Inc()) fmt.Println("t1 - 1 =", t1.Dec()) }
Private mvarValue As Integer Public Property Let Value(ByVal vData As Integer) If (vData > 10) Or (vData < 1) Then Error 380 Else mvarValue = vData End If End Property Public Property Get Value() As Integer Value = mvarValue End Property Private Sub Class_Initialize() mvarValue = 1 End Sub
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to VB without modifying what it does.
package main import "fmt" func main() { tableA := []struct { value int key string }{ {27, "Jonah"}, {18, "Alan"}, {28, "Glory"}, {18, "Popeye"}, {28, "Alan"}, } tableB := []struct { key string value string }{ {"Jonah", "Whales"}, {"Jonah", "Spiders"}, {"Alan", "Ghosts"}, {"Alan", "Zombies"}, {"Glory", "Buffy"}, } h := map[string][]int{} for i, r := range tableA { h[r.key] = append(h[r.key], i) } for _, x := range tableB { for _, a := range h[x.key] { fmt.Println(tableA[a], x) } } }
Dim t_age(4,1) t_age(0,0) = 27 : t_age(0,1) = "Jonah" t_age(1,0) = 18 : t_age(1,1) = "Alan" t_age(2,0) = 28 : t_age(2,1) = "Glory" t_age(3,0) = 18 : t_age(3,1) = "Popeye" t_age(4,0) = 28 : t_age(4,1) = "Alan" Dim t_nemesis(4,1) t_nemesis(0,0) = "Jonah" : t_nemesis(0,1) = "Whales" t_nemesis(1,0) = "Jonah" : t_nemesis(1,1) = "Spiders" t_nemesis(2,0) = "Alan" : t_nemesis(2,1) = "Ghosts" t_nemesis(3,0) = "Alan" : t_nemesis(3,1) = "Zombies" t_nemesis(4,0) = "Glory" : t_nemesis(4,1) = "Buffy" Call hash_join(t_age,1,t_nemesis,0) Sub hash_join(table_1,index_1,table_2,index_2) Set hash = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") For i = 0 To UBound(table_1) hash.Add i,Array(table_1(i,0),table_1(i,1)) Next For j = 0 To UBound(table_2) For Each key In hash.Keys If hash(key)(index_1) = table_2(j,index_2) Then WScript.StdOut.WriteLine hash(key)(0) & "," & hash(key)(1) &_ " = " & table_2(j,0) & "," & table_2(j,1) End If Next Next End Sub
Write the same code in VB as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "github.com/trubitsyn/go-lindenmayer" "log" "math" ) const twoPi = 2 * math.Pi var ( width = 770.0 height = 770.0 dc = gg.NewContext(int(width), int(height)) ) var cx, cy, h, theta float64 func main() { dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 1) dc.Clear() cx, cy = 10, height/2+5 h = 6 sys := lindenmayer.Lsystem{ Variables: []rune{'X'}, Constants: []rune{'F', '+', '-'}, Axiom: "F+XF+F+XF", Rules: []lindenmayer.Rule{ {"X", "XF-F+F-XF+F+XF-F+F-X"}, }, Angle: math.Pi / 2, } result := lindenmayer.Iterate(&sys, 5) operations := map[rune]func(){ 'F': func() { newX, newY := cx+h*math.Sin(theta), cy-h*math.Cos(theta) dc.LineTo(newX, newY) cx, cy = newX, newY }, '+': func() { theta = math.Mod(theta+sys.Angle, twoPi) }, '-': func() { theta = math.Mod(theta-sys.Angle, twoPi) }, } if err := lindenmayer.Process(result, operations); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } operations['+']() operations['F']() dc.SetRGB255(255, 255, 0) dc.SetLineWidth(2) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("sierpinski_square_curve.png") }
option explicit const pi180= 0.01745329251994329576923690768489 const pi=3.1415926535897932384626433832795 class turtle dim fso dim fn dim svg dim iang dim ori dim incr dim pdown dim clr dim x dim y public property let orient(n):ori = n*pi180 :end property public property let iangle(n):iang= n*pi180 :end property public sub pd() : pdown=true: end sub public sub pu() :pdown=FALSE :end sub public sub rt(i) ori=ori - i*iang: end sub public sub lt(i): ori=(ori + i*iang) end sub public sub bw(l) x= x+ cos(ori+pi)*l*incr y= y+ sin(ori+pi)*l*incr end sub public sub fw(l) dim x1,y1 x1=x + cos(ori)*l*incr y1=y + sin(ori)*l*incr if pdown then line x,y,x1,y1 x=x1:y=y1 end sub Private Sub Class_Initialize() setlocale "us" initsvg x=400:y=400:incr=100 ori=90*pi180 iang=90*pi180 clr=0 pdown=true end sub Private Sub Class_Terminate() disply end sub private sub line (x,y,x1,y1) svg.WriteLine "<line x1=""" & x & """ y1= """& y & """ x2=""" & x1& """ y2=""" & y1 & """/>" end sub private sub disply() dim shell svg.WriteLine "</svg></body></html>" svg.close Set shell = CreateObject("Shell.Application") shell.ShellExecute fn,1,False end sub private sub initsvg() dim scriptpath Set fso = CreateObject ("Scripting.Filesystemobject") ScriptPath= Left(WScript.ScriptFullName, InStrRev(WScript.ScriptFullName, "\")) fn=Scriptpath & "SIERP.HTML" Set svg = fso.CreateTextFile(fn,True) if SVG IS nothing then wscript.echo "Can svg.WriteLine "<!DOCTYPE html>" &vbcrlf & "<html>" &vbcrlf & "<head>" svg.writeline "<style>" & vbcrlf & "line {stroke:rgb(255,0,0);stroke-width:.5}" &vbcrlf &"</style>" svg.writeline "</head>"&vbcrlf & "<body>" svg.WriteLine "<svg xmlns=""http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"" width=""800"" height=""800"" viewBox=""0 0 800 800"">" end sub end class const raiz2=1.4142135623730950488016887242097 sub media_sierp (niv,sz) if niv=0 then x.fw sz: exit sub media_sierp niv-1,sz x.lt 1 x.fw sz*raiz2 x.lt 1 media_sierp niv-1,sz x.rt 2 x.fw sz x.rt 2 media_sierp niv-1,sz x.lt 1 x.fw sz*raiz2 x.lt 1 media_sierp niv-1,sz end sub sub sierp(niv,sz) media_sierp niv,sz x.rt 2 x.fw sz x.rt 2 media_sierp niv,sz x.rt 2 x.fw sz x.rt 2 end sub dim x set x=new turtle x.iangle=45 x.orient=0 x.incr=1 x.x=100:x.y=270 sierp 5,4 set x=nothing
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to VB.
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "unicode/utf8" ) func main() { wordList := "unixdict.txt" b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(wordList) if err != nil { log.Fatal("Error reading file") } bwords := bytes.Fields(b) count := 0 for _, bword := range bwords { s := string(bword) if utf8.RuneCountInString(s) > 5 && (s[0:3] == s[len(s)-3:]) { count++ fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", count, s) } } }
with createobject("ADODB.Stream") .charset ="UTF-8" .open .loadfromfile("unixdict.txt") s=.readtext end with a=split (s,vblf) set d= createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") for each aa in a x=trim(aa) l=len(x) if l>5 then d.removeall for i=1 to 3 m=mid(x,i,1) if not d.exists(m) then d.add m,null next res=true for i=l-2 to l m=mid(x,i,1) if not d.exists(m) then res=false:exit for else d.remove(m) end if next if res then wscript.stdout.write left(x & space(15),15) if left(x,3)=right(x,3) then wscript.stdout.write "*" wscript.stdout.writeline end if end if next
Produce a functionally identical VB code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) type dict map[string]bool func newDict(words ...string) dict { d := dict{} for _, w := range words { d[w] = true } return d } func (d dict) wordBreak(s string) (broken []string, ok bool) { if s == "" { return nil, true } type prefix struct { length int broken []string } bp := []prefix{{0, nil}} for end := 1; end <= len(s); end++ { for i := len(bp) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { w := s[bp[i].length:end] if d[w] { b := append(bp[i].broken, w) if end == len(s) { return b, true } bp = append(bp, prefix{end, b}) break } } } return nil, false } func main() { d := newDict("a", "bc", "abc", "cd", "b") for _, s := range []string{"abcd", "abbc", "abcbcd", "acdbc", "abcdd"} { if b, ok := d.wordBreak(s); ok { fmt.Printf("%s: %s\n", s, strings.Join(b, " ")) } else { fmt.Println("can't break") } } }
Module Module1 Structure Node Private ReadOnly m_val As String Private ReadOnly m_parsed As List(Of String) Sub New(initial As String) m_val = initial m_parsed = New List(Of String) End Sub Sub New(s As String, p As List(Of String)) m_val = s m_parsed = p End Sub Public Function Value() As String Return m_val End Function Public Function Parsed() As List(Of String) Return m_parsed End Function End Structure Function WordBreak(s As String, dictionary As List(Of String)) As List(Of List(Of String)) Dim matches As New List(Of List(Of String)) Dim q As New Queue(Of Node) q.Enqueue(New Node(s)) While q.Count > 0 Dim node = q.Dequeue() REM check if fully parsed If node.Value.Length = 0 Then matches.Add(node.Parsed) Else For Each word In dictionary REM check for match If node.Value.StartsWith(word) Then Dim valNew = node.Value.Substring(word.Length, node.Value.Length - word.Length) Dim parsedNew As New List(Of String) parsedNew.AddRange(node.Parsed) parsedNew.Add(word) q.Enqueue(New Node(valNew, parsedNew)) End If Next End If End While Return matches End Function Sub Main() Dim dict As New List(Of String) From {"a", "aa", "b", "ab", "aab"} For Each testString In {"aab", "aa b"} Dim matches = WordBreak(testString, dict) Console.WriteLine("String = {0}, Dictionary = {1}. Solutions = {2}", testString, dict, matches.Count) For Each match In matches Console.WriteLine(" Word Break = [{0}]", String.Join(", ", match)) Next Console.WriteLine() Next dict = New List(Of String) From {"abc", "a", "ac", "b", "c", "cb", "d"} For Each testString In {"abcd", "abbc", "abcbcd", "acdbc", "abcdd"} Dim matches = WordBreak(testString, dict) Console.WriteLine("String = {0}, Dictionary = {1}. Solutions = {2}", testString, dict, matches.Count) For Each match In matches Console.WriteLine(" Word Break = [{0}]", String.Join(", ", match)) Next Console.WriteLine() Next End Sub End Module
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in VB.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) type matrix [][]int func dList(n, start int) (r matrix) { start-- a := make([]int, n) for i := range a { a[i] = i } a[0], a[start] = start, a[0] sort.Ints(a[1:]) first := a[1] var recurse func(last int) recurse = func(last int) { if last == first { for j, v := range a[1:] { if j+1 == v { return } } b := make([]int, n) copy(b, a) for i := range b { b[i]++ } r = append(r, b) return } for i := last; i >= 1; i-- { a[i], a[last] = a[last], a[i] recurse(last - 1) a[i], a[last] = a[last], a[i] } } recurse(n - 1) return } func reducedLatinSquare(n int, echo bool) uint64 { if n <= 0 { if echo { fmt.Println("[]\n") } return 0 } else if n == 1 { if echo { fmt.Println("[1]\n") } return 1 } rlatin := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { rlatin[i] = make([]int, n) } for j := 0; j < n; j++ { rlatin[0][j] = j + 1 } count := uint64(0) var recurse func(i int) recurse = func(i int) { rows := dList(n, i) outer: for r := 0; r < len(rows); r++ { copy(rlatin[i-1], rows[r]) for k := 0; k < i-1; k++ { for j := 1; j < n; j++ { if rlatin[k][j] == rlatin[i-1][j] { if r < len(rows)-1 { continue outer } else if i > 2 { return } } } } if i < n { recurse(i + 1) } else { count++ if echo { printSquare(rlatin, n) } } } return } recurse(2) return count } func printSquare(latin matrix, n int) { for i := 0; i < n; i++ { fmt.Println(latin[i]) } fmt.Println() } func factorial(n uint64) uint64 { if n == 0 { return 1 } prod := uint64(1) for i := uint64(2); i <= n; i++ { prod *= i } return prod } func main() { fmt.Println("The four reduced latin squares of order 4 are:\n") reducedLatinSquare(4, true) fmt.Println("The size of the set of reduced latin squares for the following orders") fmt.Println("and hence the total number of latin squares of these orders are:\n") for n := uint64(1); n <= 6; n++ { size := reducedLatinSquare(int(n), false) f := factorial(n - 1) f *= f * n * size fmt.Printf("Order %d: Size %-4d x %d! x %d! => Total %d\n", n, size, n, n-1, f) } }
Option Strict On Imports Matrix = System.Collections.Generic.List(Of System.Collections.Generic.List(Of Integer)) Module Module1 Sub Swap(Of T)(ByRef a As T, ByRef b As T) Dim u = a a = b b = u End Sub Sub PrintSquare(latin As Matrix) For Each row In latin Dim it = row.GetEnumerator Console.Write("[") If it.MoveNext Then Console.Write(it.Current) End If While it.MoveNext Console.Write(", ") Console.Write(it.Current) End While Console.WriteLine("]") Next Console.WriteLine() End Sub Function DList(n As Integer, start As Integer) As Matrix start -= 1 REM use 0 based indexes Dim a = Enumerable.Range(0, n).ToArray a(start) = a(0) a(0) = start Array.Sort(a, 1, a.Length - 1) Dim first = a(1) REM recursive closure permutes a[1:] Dim r As New Matrix Dim Recurse As Action(Of Integer) = Sub(last As Integer) If last = first Then REM bottom of recursion. you get here once for each permutation REM test if permutation is deranged. For j = 1 To a.Length - 1 Dim v = a(j) If j = v Then Return REM no, ignore it End If Next REM yes, save a copy with 1 based indexing Dim b = a.Select(Function(v) v + 1).ToArray r.Add(b.ToList) Return End If For i = last To 1 Step -1 Swap(a(i), a(last)) Recurse(last - 1) Swap(a(i), a(last)) Next End Sub Recurse(n - 1) Return r End Function Function ReducedLatinSquares(n As Integer, echo As Boolean) As ULong If n <= 0 Then If echo Then Console.WriteLine("[]") Console.WriteLine() End If Return 0 End If If n = 1 Then If echo Then Console.WriteLine("[1]") Console.WriteLine() End If Return 1 End If Dim rlatin As New Matrix For i = 0 To n - 1 rlatin.Add(New List(Of Integer)) For j = 0 To n - 1 rlatin(i).Add(0) Next Next REM first row For j = 0 To n - 1 rlatin(0)(j) = j + 1 Next Dim count As ULong = 0 Dim Recurse As Action(Of Integer) = Sub(i As Integer) Dim rows = DList(n, i) For r = 0 To rows.Count - 1 rlatin(i - 1) = rows(r) For k = 0 To i - 2 For j = 1 To n - 1 If rlatin(k)(j) = rlatin(i - 1)(j) Then If r < rows.Count - 1 Then GoTo outer End If If i > 2 Then Return End If End If Next Next If i < n Then Recurse(i + 1) Else count += 1UL If echo Then PrintSquare(rlatin) End If End If outer: While False REM empty End While Next End Sub REM remiain rows Recurse(2) Return count End Function Function Factorial(n As ULong) As ULong If n <= 0 Then Return 1 End If Dim prod = 1UL For i = 2UL To n prod *= i Next Return prod End Function Sub Main() Console.WriteLine("The four reduced latin squares of order 4 are:") Console.WriteLine() ReducedLatinSquares(4, True) Console.WriteLine("The size of the set of reduced latin squares for the following orders") Console.WriteLine("and hence the total number of latin squares of these orders are:") Console.WriteLine() For n = 1 To 6 Dim nu As ULong = CULng(n) Dim size = ReducedLatinSquares(n, False) Dim f = Factorial(nu - 1UL) f *= f * nu * size Console.WriteLine("Order {0}: Size {1} x {2}! x {3}! => Total {4}", n, size, n, n - 1, f) Next End Sub End Module
Translate this program into VB but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "regexp" ) var bits = []string{ "0 0 0 1 1 0 1 ", "0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ", "0 0 1 0 0 1 1 ", "0 1 1 1 1 0 1 ", "0 1 0 0 0 1 1 ", "0 1 1 0 0 0 1 ", "0 1 0 1 1 1 1 ", "0 1 1 1 0 1 1 ", "0 1 1 0 1 1 1 ", "0 0 0 1 0 1 1 ", } var ( lhs = make(map[string]int) rhs = make(map[string]int) ) var weights = []int{3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1} const ( s = "# #" m = " # # " e = "# #" d = "(?:#| ){7}" ) func init() { for i := 0; i <= 9; i++ { lt := make([]byte, 7) rt := make([]byte, 7) for j := 0; j < 14; j += 2 { if bits[i][j] == '1' { lt[j/2] = '#' rt[j/2] = ' ' } else { lt[j/2] = ' ' rt[j/2] = '#' } } lhs[string(lt)] = i rhs[string(rt)] = i } } func reverse(s string) string { b := []byte(s) for i, j := 0, len(b)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 { b[i], b[j] = b[j], b[i] } return string(b) } func main() { barcodes := []string{ " # # # ## # ## # ## ### ## ### ## #### # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # ## ## ### # # # ", " # # # ## ## # #### # # ## # ## # ## # # # ### # ### ## ## ### # # ### ### # # # ", " # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # ## # ## # # #### ### ## # # ", " # # ## ## ## ## # # # # ### # ## ## # # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # #### ## # # # ", " # # ### ## # ## ## ### ## # ## # # ## # # ### # ## ## # # ### # ## ## # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # # # ## ## # # # # # #### # ## # #### #### # # ## # #### # # ", " # # # ## ## # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # # # # # # # ### # # ### # # # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # # # # # ### ## ## ### ## ### ### ## # ## ### ## # # ", " # # ### ## ## # # #### # ## # #### # #### # # # # # ### # # ### # # # ### # # # ", " # # # #### ## # #### # # ## ## ### #### # # # # ### # ### ### # # ### # # # ### # # ", } expr := fmt.Sprintf(`^\s*%s(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)%s(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)%s\s*$`, s, d, d, d, d, d, d, m, d, d, d, d, d, d, e) rx := regexp.MustCompile(expr) fmt.Println("UPC-A barcodes:") for i, bc := range barcodes { for j := 0; j <= 1; j++ { if !rx.MatchString(bc) { fmt.Printf("%2d: Invalid format\n", i+1) break } codes := rx.FindStringSubmatch(bc) digits := make([]int, 12) var invalid, ok bool for i := 1; i <= 6; i++ { digits[i-1], ok = lhs[codes[i]] if !ok { invalid = true } digits[i+5], ok = rhs[codes[i+6]] if !ok { invalid = true } } if invalid { if j == 0 { bc = reverse(bc) continue } else { fmt.Printf("%2d: Invalid digit(s)\n", i+1) break } } sum := 0 for i, d := range digits { sum += weights[i] * d } if sum%10 != 0 { fmt.Printf("%2d: Checksum error\n", i+1) break } else { ud := "" if j == 1 { ud = "(upside down)" } fmt.Printf("%2d: %v %s\n", i+1, digits, ud) break } } } }
Option Explicit Const m_limit ="# #" Const m_middle=" # # " Dim a,bnum,i,check,odic a=array(" # # # ## # ## # ## ### ## ### ## #### # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # ## ## ### # # # ",_ " # # # ## ## # #### # # ## # ## # ## # # # ### # ### ## ## ### # # ### ### # # # ",_ " # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # ## # ## # # #### ### ## # # ",_ " # # ## ## ## ## # # # # ### # ## ## # # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # #### ## # # # ",_ " # # ### ## # ## ## ### ## # ## # # ## # # ### # ## ## # # ### # ## ## # # # ",_ " # # # # ## ## # # # # ## ## # # # # # #### # ## # #### #### # # ## # #### # # ",_ " # # # ## ## # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # # # # # # # ### # # ### # # # # # ",_ " # # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # # # # # ### ## ## ### ## ### ### ## # ## ### ## # # ",_ " # # ### ## ## # # #### # ## # #### # #### # # # # # ### # # ### # # # ### # # # ",_ " # # # #### ## # #### # # ## ## ### #### # # # # ### # ### ### # # ### # # # ### # # ") bnum=Array("0001101","0011001","0010011","0111101","0100011"," 0110001","0101111","0111011","0110111","0001011") Set oDic = WScript.CreateObject("scripting.dictionary") For i=0 To 9: odic.Add bin2dec(bnum(i),Asc("1")),i+1 odic.Add bin2dec(bnum(i),Asc("0")),-i-1 Next For i=0 To UBound(a) : print pad(i+1,-2) & ": "& upc(a(i)) :Next WScript.Quit(1) Function bin2dec(ByVal B,a) Dim n While len(b) n =n *2 - (asc(b)=a) b=mid(b,2) Wend bin2dec= n And 127 End Function Sub print(s): On Error Resume Next WScript.stdout.WriteLine (s) If err= &h80070006& Then WScript.Echo " Please run this script with CScript": WScript.quit End Sub function pad(s,n) if n<0 then pad= right(space(-n) & s ,-n) else pad= left(s& space(n),n) end if :end function Function iif(t,a,b) If t Then iif=a Else iif=b End If :End Function Function getnum(s,r) Dim n,s1,r1 s1=Left(s,7) s=Mid(s,8) r1=r Do If r Then s1=StrReverse(s1) n=bin2dec(s1,asc("#")) If odic.exists(n) Then getnum=odic(n) Exit Function Else If r1<>r Then getnum=0:Exit Function r=Not r End If Loop End Function Function getmarker(s,m) getmarker= (InStr(s,m)= 1) s=Mid(s,Len(m)+1) End Function Function checksum(ByVal s) Dim n,i : n=0 do n=n+(Asc(s)-48)*3 s=Mid(s,2) n=n+(Asc(s)-48)*1 s=Mid(s,2) Loop until Len(s)=0 checksum= ((n mod 10)=0) End function Function upc(ByVal s1) Dim i,n,s,out,rev,j s=Trim(s1) If getmarker(s,m_limit)=False Then upc= "bad start marker ":Exit function rev=False out="" For j= 0 To 1 For i=0 To 5 n=getnum(s,rev) If n=0 Then upc= pad(out,16) & pad ("bad code",-10) & pad("pos "& i+j*6+1,-11): Exit Function out=out & Abs(n)-1 Next If j=0 Then If getmarker(s,m_middle)=False Then upc= "bad middle marker " & out :Exit Function Next If getmarker(s,m_limit)=False Then upc= "bad end marker " :Exit function If rev Then out=strreverse(out) upc= pad(out,16) & pad(iif (checksum(out),"valid","not valid"),-10)& pad(iif(rev,"reversed",""),-11) End Function
Rewrite this program in VB while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "time" ) type xy struct { x, y float64 } const n = 1000 const scale = 100. func d(p1, p2 xy) float64 { return math.Hypot(p2.x-p1.x, p2.y-p1.y) } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) points := make([]xy, n) for i := range points { points[i] = xy{rand.Float64() * scale, rand.Float64() * scale} } p1, p2 := closestPair(points) fmt.Println(p1, p2) fmt.Println("distance:", d(p1, p2)) } func closestPair(points []xy) (p1, p2 xy) { if len(points) < 2 { panic("at least two points expected") } min := 2 * scale for i, q1 := range points[:len(points)-1] { for _, q2 := range points[i+1:] { if dq := d(q1, q2); dq < min { p1, p2 = q1, q2 min = dq } } } return }
Option Explicit Private Type MyPoint X As Single Y As Single End Type Private Type MyPair p1 As MyPoint p2 As MyPoint End Type Sub Main() Dim points() As MyPoint, i As Long, BF As MyPair, d As Single, Nb As Long Dim T# Randomize Timer Nb = 10 Do ReDim points(1 To Nb) For i = 1 To Nb points(i).X = Rnd * Nb points(i).Y = Rnd * Nb Next d = 1000000000000# T = Timer BF = BruteForce(points, d) Debug.Print "For " & Nb & " points, runtime : " & Timer - T & " sec." Debug.Print "point 1 : X:" & BF.p1.X & " Y:" & BF.p1.Y Debug.Print "point 2 : X:" & BF.p2.X & " Y:" & BF.p2.Y Debug.Print "dist : " & d Debug.Print "--------------------------------------------------" Nb = Nb * 10 Loop While Nb <= 10000 End Sub Private Function BruteForce(p() As MyPoint, mindist As Single) As MyPair Dim i As Long, j As Long, d As Single, ClosestPair As MyPair For i = 1 To UBound(p) - 1 For j = i + 1 To UBound(p) d = Dist(p(i), p(j)) If d < mindist Then mindist = d ClosestPair.p1 = p(i) ClosestPair.p2 = p(j) End If Next Next BruteForce = ClosestPair End Function Private Function Dist(p1 As MyPoint, p2 As MyPoint) As Single Dist = Sqr((p1.X - p2.X) ^ 2 + (p1.Y - p2.Y) ^ 2) End Function
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to VB without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "unsafe" ) func main() { myVar := 3.14 myPointer := &myVar fmt.Println("Address:", myPointer, &myVar) fmt.Printf("Address: %p %p\n", myPointer, &myVar) var addr64 int64 var addr32 int32 ptr := unsafe.Pointer(myPointer) if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr64) { addr64 = int64(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int64: %#016x\n", addr64) } if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr32) { addr32 = int32(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int32: %#08x\n", addr32) } addr := uintptr(ptr) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in uintptr: %#08x\n", addr) fmt.Println("value as float:", myVar) i := (*int32)(unsafe.Pointer(&myVar)) fmt.Printf("value as int32: %#08x\n", *i) }
Dim TheAddress as long Dim SecVar as byte Dim MyVar as byte MyVar = 10 TheAddress = varptr(MyVar) MEMSET(TheAddress, 102, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "MyVar = " + str$(MyVar) MEMCPY(VarPtr(SecVar), TheAddress, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "SecVar = " + str$(SecVar)
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in VB.
package main import ( "fmt" "unsafe" ) func main() { myVar := 3.14 myPointer := &myVar fmt.Println("Address:", myPointer, &myVar) fmt.Printf("Address: %p %p\n", myPointer, &myVar) var addr64 int64 var addr32 int32 ptr := unsafe.Pointer(myPointer) if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr64) { addr64 = int64(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int64: %#016x\n", addr64) } if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr32) { addr32 = int32(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int32: %#08x\n", addr32) } addr := uintptr(ptr) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in uintptr: %#08x\n", addr) fmt.Println("value as float:", myVar) i := (*int32)(unsafe.Pointer(&myVar)) fmt.Printf("value as int32: %#08x\n", *i) }
Dim TheAddress as long Dim SecVar as byte Dim MyVar as byte MyVar = 10 TheAddress = varptr(MyVar) MEMSET(TheAddress, 102, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "MyVar = " + str$(MyVar) MEMCPY(VarPtr(SecVar), TheAddress, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "SecVar = " + str$(SecVar)
Translate this program into VB but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main type animal struct { alive bool } type dog struct { animal obedienceTrained bool } type cat struct { animal litterBoxTrained bool } type lab struct { dog color string } type collie struct { dog catchesFrisbee bool } func main() { var pet lab pet.alive = true pet.obedienceTrained = false pet.color = "yellow" }
Class Animal End Class Class Dog Inherits Animal End Class Class Lab Inherits Dog End Class Class Collie Inherits Dog End Class Class Cat Inherits Animal End Class
Generate a VB translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
var x map[string]int x = make(map[string]int) x = make(map[string]int, 42) x["foo"] = 3 y1 := x["bar"] y2, ok := x["bar"] delete(x, "foo") x = map[string]int{ "foo": 2, "bar": 42, "baz": -1, }
Option Explicit Sub Test() Dim h As Object Set h = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") h.Add "A", 1 h.Add "B", 2 h.Add "C", 3 Debug.Print h.Item("A") h.Item("C") = 4 h.Key("C") = "D" Debug.Print h.exists("C") h.Remove "B" Debug.Print h.Count h.RemoveAll Debug.Print h.Count End Sub
Generate an equivalent VB version of this Go code.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) const tau = 2 * math.Pi func hsb2rgb(hue, sat, bri float64) (r, g, b int) { u := int(bri*255 + 0.5) if sat == 0 { r, g, b = u, u, u } else { h := (hue - math.Floor(hue)) * 6 f := h - math.Floor(h) p := int(bri*(1-sat)*255 + 0.5) q := int(bri*(1-sat*f)*255 + 0.5) t := int(bri*(1-sat*(1-f))*255 + 0.5) switch int(h) { case 0: r, g, b = u, t, p case 1: r, g, b = q, u, p case 2: r, g, b = p, u, t case 3: r, g, b = p, q, u case 4: r, g, b = t, p, u case 5: r, g, b = u, p, q } } return } func colorWheel(dc *gg.Context) { width, height := dc.Width(), dc.Height() centerX, centerY := width/2, height/2 radius := centerX if centerY < radius { radius = centerY } for y := 0; y < height; y++ { dy := float64(y - centerY) for x := 0; x < width; x++ { dx := float64(x - centerX) dist := math.Sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy) if dist <= float64(radius) { theta := math.Atan2(dy, dx) hue := (theta + math.Pi) / tau r, g, b := hsb2rgb(hue, 1, 1) dc.SetRGB255(r, g, b) dc.SetPixel(x, y) } } } } func main() { const width, height = 480, 480 dc := gg.NewContext(width, height) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() colorWheel(dc) dc.SavePNG("color_wheel.png") }
Option explicit Class ImgClass Private ImgL,ImgH,ImgDepth,bkclr,loc,tt private xmini,xmaxi,ymini,ymaxi,dirx,diry public ImgArray() private filename private Palette,szpal public property get xmin():xmin=xmini:end property public property get ymin():ymin=ymini:end property public property get xmax():xmax=xmaxi:end property public property get ymax():ymax=ymaxi:end property public property let depth(x) if x<>8 and x<>32 then err.raise 9 Imgdepth=x end property public sub set0 (x0,y0) if x0<0 or x0>=imgl or y0<0 or y0>imgh then err.raise 9 xmini=-x0 ymini=-y0 xmaxi=xmini+imgl-1 ymaxi=ymini+imgh-1 end sub Public Default Function Init(name,w,h,orient,dep,bkg,mipal) dim i,j ImgL=w ImgH=h tt=timer loc=getlocale set0 0,0 redim imgArray(ImgL-1,ImgH-1) bkclr=bkg if bkg<>0 then for i=0 to ImgL-1 for j=0 to ImgH-1 imgarray(i,j)=bkg next next end if Select Case orient Case 1: dirx=1 : diry=1 Case 2: dirx=-1 : diry=1 Case 3: dirx=-1 : diry=-1 Case 4: dirx=1 : diry=-1 End select filename=name ImgDepth =dep if imgdepth=8 then loadpal(mipal) end if set init=me end function private sub loadpal(mipale) if isarray(mipale) Then palette=mipale szpal=UBound(mipale)+1 Else szpal=256 , not relevant End if End Sub Private Sub Class_Terminate if err<>0 then wscript.echo "Error " & err.number wscript.echo "copying image to bmp file" savebmp wscript.echo "opening " & filename & " with your default bmp viewer" CreateObject("Shell.Application").ShellExecute filename wscript.echo timer-tt & " iseconds" End Sub function long2wstr( x) dim k1,k2,x1 k1= (x and &hffff&) k2=((X And &h7fffffff&) \ &h10000&) Or (&H8000& And (x<0)) long2wstr=chrw(k1) & chrw(k2) end function function int2wstr(x) int2wstr=ChrW((x and &h7fff) or (&H8000 And (X<0))) End Function Public Sub SaveBMP Dim s,ostream, x,y,loc const hdrs=54 dim bms:bms=ImgH* 4*(((ImgL*imgdepth\8)+3)\4) dim palsize:if (imgdepth=8) then palsize=szpal*4 else palsize=0 with CreateObject("ADODB.Stream") .Charset = "UTF-16LE" .Type = 2 .open .writetext ChrW(&h4d42) .writetext long2wstr(hdrs+palsize+bms) .writetext long2wstr(0) .writetext long2wstr (hdrs+palsize) .writetext long2wstr(40) .writetext long2wstr(Imgl) .writetext long2wstr(imgh) .writetext int2wstr(1) .writetext int2wstr(imgdepth) .writetext long2wstr(&H0) .writetext long2wstr(bms) .writetext long2wstr(&Hc4e) .writetext long2wstr(&hc43) .writetext long2wstr(szpal) .writetext long2wstr(&H0) Dim x1,x2,y1,y2 If dirx=-1 Then x1=ImgL-1 :x2=0 Else x1=0:x2=ImgL-1 If diry=-1 Then y1=ImgH-1 :y2=0 Else y1=0:y2=ImgH-1 Select Case imgdepth Case 32 For y=y1 To y2 step diry For x=x1 To x2 Step dirx .writetext long2wstr(Imgarray(x,y)) Next Next Case 8 For x=0 to szpal-1 .writetext long2wstr(palette(x)) Next dim pad:pad=ImgL mod 4 For y=y1 to y2 step diry For x=x1 To x2 step dirx*2 .writetext chrw((ImgArray(x,y) and 255)+ &h100& *(ImgArray(x+dirx,y) and 255)) Next if pad and 1 then .writetext chrw(ImgArray(x2,y)) if pad >1 then .writetext chrw(0) Next Case Else WScript.Echo "ColorDepth not supported : " & ImgDepth & " bits" End Select Dim outf:Set outf= CreateObject("ADODB.Stream") outf.Type = 1 outf.Open .position=2 .CopyTo outf .close outf.savetofile filename,2 outf.close end with End Sub end class function hsv2rgb( Hue, Sat, Value) dim Angle, Radius,Ur,Vr,Wr,Rdim dim r,g,b, rgb Angle = (Hue-150) *0.01745329251994329576923690768489 Ur = Value * 2.55 Radius = Ur * tan(Sat *0.01183199) Vr = Radius * cos(Angle) *0.70710678 Wr = Radius * sin(Angle) *0.40824829 r = (Ur - Vr - Wr) g = (Ur + Vr - Wr) b = (Ur + Wr + Wr) if r >255 then Rdim = (Ur - 255) / (Vr + Wr) r = 255 g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim elseif r < 0 then Rdim = Ur / (Vr + Wr) r = 0 g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim end if if g >255 then Rdim = (255 - Ur) / (Vr - Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = 255 b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim elseif g<0 then Rdim = -Ur / (Vr - Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = 0 b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim end if if b>255 then Rdim = (255 - Ur) / (Wr + Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = 255 elseif b<0 then Rdim = -Ur / (Wr + Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = 0 end If hsv2rgb= ((b and &hff)+256*((g and &hff)+256*(r and &hff))and &hffffff) end function function ang(col,row) if col =0 then if row<0 then ang=90 else ang=270 end if else if col>0 then ang=atn(-row/col)*57.2957795130 else ang=(atn(row/-col)*57.2957795130)+180 end if end if ang=(ang+360) mod 360 end function Dim X,row,col,fn,tt,hr,sat,row2 const h=160 const w=160 const rad=159 const r2=25500 tt=timer fn=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").GetSpecialFolder(2)& "\testwchr.bmp" Set X = (New ImgClass)(fn,w*2,h*2,1,32,0,0) x.set0 w,h for row=x.xmin+1 to x.xmax row2=row*row hr=int(Sqr(r2-row2)) For col=hr To 159 Dim a:a=((col\16 +row\16) And 1)* &hffffff x.imgArray(col+160,row+160)=a x.imgArray(-col+160,row+160)=a next for col=-hr to hr sat=100-sqr(row2+col*col)/rad *50 x.imgArray(col+160,row+160)=hsv2rgb(ang(row,col)+90,100,sat) next next Set X = Nothing
Rewrite this program in VB while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "unicode/utf8" ) func contains(list []int, value int) bool { for _, v := range list { if v == value { return true } } return false } func main() { wordList := "unixdict.txt" b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(wordList) if err != nil { log.Fatal("Error reading file") } bwords := bytes.Fields(b) var words []string for _, bword := range bwords { s := string(bword) if utf8.RuneCountInString(s) > 10 { words = append(words, s) } } vowelIndices := []int{0, 4, 8, 14, 20} wordGroups := make([][]string, 12) for _, word := range words { letters := make([]int, 26) for _, c := range word { index := c - 97 if index >= 0 && index < 26 { letters[index]++ } } eligible := true uc := 0 for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { if !contains(vowelIndices, i) { if letters[i] > 1 { eligible = false break } else if letters[i] == 1 { uc++ } } } if eligible { wordGroups[uc] = append(wordGroups[uc], word) } } for i := 11; i >= 0; i-- { count := len(wordGroups[i]) if count > 0 { s := "s" if count == 1 { s = "" } fmt.Printf("%d word%s found with %d unique consonants:\n", count, s, i) for j := 0; j < count; j++ { fmt.Printf("%-15s", wordGroups[i][j]) if j > 0 && (j+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println() if count%5 != 0 { fmt.Println() } } } }
with createobject("ADODB.Stream") .charset ="UTF-8" .open .loadfromfile("unixdict.txt") s=.readtext end with a=split (s,vblf) dim b(25) dim c(128) with new regexp .pattern="([^aeiou])" .global=true for each i in a if len(trim(i))>10 then set matches= .execute(i) rep=false for each m in matches x=asc(m) c(x)=c(x)+1 if c(x)>1 then rep=true :exit for next erase c if not rep then x1=matches.count b(x1)=b(x1)&" "&i end if end if next end with for i=25 to 0 step -1 if b(i)<>"" then wscript.echo i & " "& b(i) & vbcrlf next
Write a version of this Go function in VB with identical behavior.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "os" "strconv" "strings" "time" ) type cell struct { isMine bool display byte } const lMargin = 4 var ( grid [][]cell mineCount int minesMarked int isGameOver bool ) var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) func makeGrid(n, m int) { if n <= 0 || m <= 0 { panic("Grid dimensions must be positive.") } grid = make([][]cell, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { grid[i] = make([]cell, m) for j := 0; j < m; j++ { grid[i][j].display = '.' } } min := int(math.Round(float64(n*m) * 0.1)) max := int(math.Round(float64(n*m) * 0.2)) mineCount = min + rand.Intn(max-min+1) rm := mineCount for rm > 0 { x, y := rand.Intn(n), rand.Intn(m) if !grid[x][y].isMine { rm-- grid[x][y].isMine = true } } minesMarked = 0 isGameOver = false } func displayGrid(isEndOfGame bool) { if !isEndOfGame { fmt.Println("Grid has", mineCount, "mine(s),", minesMarked, "mine(s) marked.") } margin := strings.Repeat(" ", lMargin) fmt.Print(margin, " ") for i := 1; i <= len(grid); i++ { fmt.Print(i) } fmt.Println() fmt.Println(margin, strings.Repeat("-", len(grid))) for y := 0; y < len(grid[0]); y++ { fmt.Printf("%*d:", lMargin, y+1) for x := 0; x < len(grid); x++ { fmt.Printf("%c", grid[x][y].display) } fmt.Println() } } func endGame(msg string) { isGameOver = true fmt.Println(msg) ans := "" for ans != "y" && ans != "n" { fmt.Print("Another game (y/n)? : ") scanner.Scan() ans = strings.ToLower(scanner.Text()) } if scanner.Err() != nil || ans == "n" { return } makeGrid(6, 4) displayGrid(false) } func resign() { found := 0 for y := 0; y < len(grid[0]); y++ { for x := 0; x < len(grid); x++ { if grid[x][y].isMine { if grid[x][y].display == '?' { grid[x][y].display = 'Y' found++ } else if grid[x][y].display != 'x' { grid[x][y].display = 'N' } } } } displayGrid(true) msg := fmt.Sprint("You found ", found, " out of ", mineCount, " mine(s).") endGame(msg) } func usage() { fmt.Println("h or ? - this help,") fmt.Println("c x y - clear cell (x,y),") fmt.Println("m x y - marks (toggles) cell (x,y),") fmt.Println("n - start a new game,") fmt.Println("q - quit/resign the game,") fmt.Println("where x is the (horizontal) column number and y is the (vertical) row number.\n") } func markCell(x, y int) { if grid[x][y].display == '?' { minesMarked-- grid[x][y].display = '.' } else if grid[x][y].display == '.' { minesMarked++ grid[x][y].display = '?' } } func countAdjMines(x, y int) int { count := 0 for j := y - 1; j <= y+1; j++ { if j >= 0 && j < len(grid[0]) { for i := x - 1; i <= x+1; i++ { if i >= 0 && i < len(grid) { if grid[i][j].isMine { count++ } } } } } return count } func clearCell(x, y int) bool { if x >= 0 && x < len(grid) && y >= 0 && y < len(grid[0]) { if grid[x][y].display == '.' { if !grid[x][y].isMine { count := countAdjMines(x, y) if count > 0 { grid[x][y].display = string(48 + count)[0] } else { grid[x][y].display = ' ' clearCell(x+1, y) clearCell(x+1, y+1) clearCell(x, y+1) clearCell(x-1, y+1) clearCell(x-1, y) clearCell(x-1, y-1) clearCell(x, y-1) clearCell(x+1, y-1) } } else { grid[x][y].display = 'x' fmt.Println("Kaboom! You lost!") return false } } } return true } func testForWin() bool { isCleared := false if minesMarked == mineCount { isCleared = true for x := 0; x < len(grid); x++ { for y := 0; y < len(grid[0]); y++ { if grid[x][y].display == '.' { isCleared = false } } } } if isCleared { fmt.Println("You won!") } return isCleared } func splitAction(action string) (int, int, bool) { fields := strings.Fields(action) if len(fields) != 3 { return 0, 0, false } x, err := strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) if err != nil || x < 1 || x > len(grid) { return 0, 0, false } y, err := strconv.Atoi(fields[2]) if err != nil || y < 1 || y > len(grid[0]) { return 0, 0, false } return x, y, true } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) usage() makeGrid(6, 4) displayGrid(false) for !isGameOver { fmt.Print("\n>") scanner.Scan() action := strings.ToLower(scanner.Text()) if scanner.Err() != nil || len(action) == 0 { continue } switch action[0] { case 'h', '?': usage() case 'n': makeGrid(6, 4) displayGrid(false) case 'c': x, y, ok := splitAction(action) if !ok { continue } if clearCell(x-1, y-1) { displayGrid(false) if testForWin() { resign() } } else { resign() } case 'm': x, y, ok := splitAction(action) if !ok { continue } markCell(x-1, y-1) displayGrid(false) if testForWin() { resign() } case 'q': resign() } } }
Option Explicit Public vTime As Single Public PlaysCount As Long Sub Main_MineSweeper() Dim Userf As New cMinesweeper Userf.Show 0, True End Sub
Produce a functionally identical VB code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var twenty = big.NewInt(20) var hundred = big.NewInt(100) func sqrt(n float64, limit int) { if n < 0 { log.Fatal("Number cannot be negative") } count := 0 for n != math.Trunc(n) { n *= 100 count-- } i := big.NewInt(int64(n)) j := new(big.Int).Sqrt(i) count += len(j.String()) k := new(big.Int).Set(j) d := new(big.Int).Set(j) t := new(big.Int) digits := 0 var sb strings.Builder for digits < limit { sb.WriteString(d.String()) t.Mul(k, d) i.Sub(i, t) i.Mul(i, hundred) k.Mul(j, twenty) d.Set(one) for d.Cmp(ten) <= 0 { t.Add(k, d) t.Mul(t, d) if t.Cmp(i) > 0 { d.Sub(d, one) break } d.Add(d, one) } j.Mul(j, ten) j.Add(j, d) k.Add(k, d) digits = digits + 1 } root := strings.TrimRight(sb.String(), "0") if len(root) == 0 { root = "0" } if count > 0 { root = root[0:count] + "." + root[count:] } else if count == 0 { root = "0." + root } else { root = "0." + strings.Repeat("0", -count) + root } root = strings.TrimSuffix(root, ".") fmt.Println(root) } func main() { numbers := []float64{2, 0.2, 10.89, 625, 0.0001} digits := []int{500, 80, 8, 8, 8} for i, n := range numbers { fmt.Printf("First %d significant digits (at most) of the square root of %g:\n", digits[i], n) sqrt(n, digits[i]) fmt.Println() } }
Imports System.Math, System.Console, BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger Module Module1 Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim i, j, k, d As BI : i = 2 j = CType(Floor(Sqrt(CDbl(i))), BI) : k = j : d = j Dim n As Integer = -1, n0 As Integer = -1, st As DateTime = DateTime.Now If args.Length > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(args(0), n) If n > 0 Then n0 = n Else n = 1 Do Write(d) : i = (i - k * d) * 100 : k = 20 * j For d = 1 To 10 If (k + d) * d > i Then d -= 1 : Exit For Next j = j * 10 + d : k += d : If n0 > 0 Then n = n - 1 Loop While n > 0 If n0 > 0 Then WriteLine (VbLf & "Time taken for {0} digits: {1}", n0, DateTime.Now - st) End Sub End Module
Write a version of this Go function in VB with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var twenty = big.NewInt(20) var hundred = big.NewInt(100) func sqrt(n float64, limit int) { if n < 0 { log.Fatal("Number cannot be negative") } count := 0 for n != math.Trunc(n) { n *= 100 count-- } i := big.NewInt(int64(n)) j := new(big.Int).Sqrt(i) count += len(j.String()) k := new(big.Int).Set(j) d := new(big.Int).Set(j) t := new(big.Int) digits := 0 var sb strings.Builder for digits < limit { sb.WriteString(d.String()) t.Mul(k, d) i.Sub(i, t) i.Mul(i, hundred) k.Mul(j, twenty) d.Set(one) for d.Cmp(ten) <= 0 { t.Add(k, d) t.Mul(t, d) if t.Cmp(i) > 0 { d.Sub(d, one) break } d.Add(d, one) } j.Mul(j, ten) j.Add(j, d) k.Add(k, d) digits = digits + 1 } root := strings.TrimRight(sb.String(), "0") if len(root) == 0 { root = "0" } if count > 0 { root = root[0:count] + "." + root[count:] } else if count == 0 { root = "0." + root } else { root = "0." + strings.Repeat("0", -count) + root } root = strings.TrimSuffix(root, ".") fmt.Println(root) } func main() { numbers := []float64{2, 0.2, 10.89, 625, 0.0001} digits := []int{500, 80, 8, 8, 8} for i, n := range numbers { fmt.Printf("First %d significant digits (at most) of the square root of %g:\n", digits[i], n) sqrt(n, digits[i]) fmt.Println() } }
Imports System.Math, System.Console, BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger Module Module1 Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim i, j, k, d As BI : i = 2 j = CType(Floor(Sqrt(CDbl(i))), BI) : k = j : d = j Dim n As Integer = -1, n0 As Integer = -1, st As DateTime = DateTime.Now If args.Length > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(args(0), n) If n > 0 Then n0 = n Else n = 1 Do Write(d) : i = (i - k * d) * 100 : k = 20 * j For d = 1 To 10 If (k + d) * d > i Then d -= 1 : Exit For Next j = j * 10 + d : k += d : If n0 > 0 Then n = n - 1 Loop While n > 0 If n0 > 0 Then WriteLine (VbLf & "Time taken for {0} digits: {1}", n0, DateTime.Now - st) End Sub End Module
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to VB, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func nonDescending(p int) bool { var digits []int for p > 0 { digits = append(digits, p%10) p = p / 10 } for i := 0; i < len(digits)-1; i++ { if digits[i+1] > digits[i] { return false } } return true } func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(999) var nonDesc []int for _, p := range primes { if nonDescending(p) { nonDesc = append(nonDesc, p) } } fmt.Println("Primes below 1,000 with digits in non-decreasing order:") for i, n := range nonDesc { fmt.Printf("%3d ", n) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n%d such primes found.\n", len(nonDesc)) }
Imports System.Linq Imports System.Collections.Generic Imports System.Console Imports System.Math Module Module1 Dim ba As Integer Dim chars As String = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" Iterator Function Primes(ByVal lim As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of Integer) Dim flags(lim) As Boolean, j As Integer : Yield 2 For j = 4 To lim Step 2 : flags(j) = True : Next : j = 3 Dim d As Integer = 8, sq As Integer = 9 While sq <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j : Dim i As Integer = j << 1 For k As Integer = sq To lim step i : flags(k) = True : Next End If j += 2 : d += 8 : sq += d : End While While j <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j j += 2 : End While End Function Function from10(ByVal b As Integer) As String Dim res As String = "", re As Integer While b > 0 : b = DivRem(b, ba, re) : res = chars(CByte(re)) & res : End While : Return res End Function Function to10(ByVal s As String) As Integer Dim res As Integer = 0 For Each i As Char In s : res = res * ba + chars.IndexOf(i) : Next : Return res End Function Function nd(ByVal s As String) As Boolean If s.Length < 2 Then Return True Dim l As Char = s(0) For i As Integer = 1 To s.Length - 1 If chars.IndexOf(l) > chars.IndexOf(s(i)) Then Return False Else l = s(i) Next : Return True End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim c As Integer, lim As Integer = 1000, s As String For Each b As Integer In New List(Of Integer) From { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 27, 31, 62 } ba = b : c = 0 : For Each a As Integer In Primes(lim) s = from10(a) : If nd(s) Then c += 1 : Write("{0,4} {1}", s, If(c Mod 20 = 0, vbLf, "")) Next WriteLine(vbLf & "Base {0}: found {1} non-decreasing primes under {2:n0}" & vbLf, b, c, from10(lim)) Next End Sub End Module
Write a version of this Go function in VB with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func nonDescending(p int) bool { var digits []int for p > 0 { digits = append(digits, p%10) p = p / 10 } for i := 0; i < len(digits)-1; i++ { if digits[i+1] > digits[i] { return false } } return true } func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(999) var nonDesc []int for _, p := range primes { if nonDescending(p) { nonDesc = append(nonDesc, p) } } fmt.Println("Primes below 1,000 with digits in non-decreasing order:") for i, n := range nonDesc { fmt.Printf("%3d ", n) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n%d such primes found.\n", len(nonDesc)) }
Imports System.Linq Imports System.Collections.Generic Imports System.Console Imports System.Math Module Module1 Dim ba As Integer Dim chars As String = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" Iterator Function Primes(ByVal lim As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of Integer) Dim flags(lim) As Boolean, j As Integer : Yield 2 For j = 4 To lim Step 2 : flags(j) = True : Next : j = 3 Dim d As Integer = 8, sq As Integer = 9 While sq <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j : Dim i As Integer = j << 1 For k As Integer = sq To lim step i : flags(k) = True : Next End If j += 2 : d += 8 : sq += d : End While While j <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j j += 2 : End While End Function Function from10(ByVal b As Integer) As String Dim res As String = "", re As Integer While b > 0 : b = DivRem(b, ba, re) : res = chars(CByte(re)) & res : End While : Return res End Function Function to10(ByVal s As String) As Integer Dim res As Integer = 0 For Each i As Char In s : res = res * ba + chars.IndexOf(i) : Next : Return res End Function Function nd(ByVal s As String) As Boolean If s.Length < 2 Then Return True Dim l As Char = s(0) For i As Integer = 1 To s.Length - 1 If chars.IndexOf(l) > chars.IndexOf(s(i)) Then Return False Else l = s(i) Next : Return True End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim c As Integer, lim As Integer = 1000, s As String For Each b As Integer In New List(Of Integer) From { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 27, 31, 62 } ba = b : c = 0 : For Each a As Integer In Primes(lim) s = from10(a) : If nd(s) Then c += 1 : Write("{0,4} {1}", s, If(c Mod 20 = 0, vbLf, "")) Next WriteLine(vbLf & "Base {0}: found {1} non-decreasing primes under {2:n0}" & vbLf, b, c, from10(lim)) Next End Sub End Module
Write the same algorithm in VB as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "fmt" "image" "reflect" ) type t struct { X int next *t } func main() { report(t{}) report(image.Point{}) } func report(x interface{}) { t := reflect.TypeOf(x) n := t.NumField() fmt.Printf("Type %v has %d fields:\n", t, n) fmt.Println("Name Type Exported") for i := 0; i < n; i++ { f := t.Field(i) fmt.Printf("%-8s %-8v %-8t\n", f.Name, f.Type, f.PkgPath == "", ) } fmt.Println() }
Imports System.Reflection Module Module1 Class TestClass Private privateField = 7 Public ReadOnly Property PublicNumber = 4 Private ReadOnly Property PrivateNumber = 2 End Class Function GetPropertyValues(Of T)(obj As T, flags As BindingFlags) As IEnumerable Return From p In obj.GetType().GetProperties(flags) Where p.GetIndexParameters().Length = 0 Select New With {p.Name, Key .Value = p.GetValue(obj, Nothing)} End Function Function GetFieldValues(Of T)(obj As T, flags As BindingFlags) As IEnumerable Return obj.GetType().GetFields(flags).Select(Function(f) New With {f.Name, Key .Value = f.GetValue(obj)}) End Function Sub Main() Dim t As New TestClass() Dim flags = BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance For Each prop In GetPropertyValues(t, flags) Console.WriteLine(prop) Next For Each field In GetFieldValues(t, flags) Console.WriteLine(field) Next End Sub End Module
Ensure the translated VB code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) const text = `Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.` type formatter struct { text [][]string width []int } func newFormatter(text string) *formatter { var f formatter for _, line := range strings.Split(text, "\n") { words := strings.Split(line, "$") for words[len(words)-1] == "" { words = words[:len(words)-1] } f.text = append(f.text, words) for i, word := range words { if i == len(f.width) { f.width = append(f.width, len(word)) } else if len(word) > f.width[i] { f.width[i] = len(word) } } } return &f } const ( left = iota middle right ) func (f formatter) print(j int) { for _, line := range f.text { for i, word := range line { fmt.Printf("%-*s ", f.width[i], fmt.Sprintf("%*s", len(word)+(f.width[i]-len(word))*j/2, word)) } fmt.Println("") } fmt.Println("") } func main() { f := newFormatter(text) f.print(left) f.print(middle) f.print(right) }
Dim MText as QMemorystream MText.WriteLine "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$" MText.WriteLine "are$delineated$by$a$single$ MText.WriteLine "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$" MText.WriteLine "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space." MText.WriteLine "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$" MText.WriteLine "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column." DefStr TextLeft, TextRight, TextCenter DefStr MLine, LWord, Newline = chr$(13)+chr$(10) DefInt ColWidth(100), ColCount DefSng NrSpaces MText.position = 0 for x = 0 to MText.linecount -1 MLine = MText.ReadLine for y = 0 to Tally(MLine, "$") LWord = Field$(MLine, "$", y+1) ColWidth(y) = iif (ColWidth(y) < len(LWord), len(LWord), ColWidth(y)) next next MText.position = 0 for x = 0 to MText.linecount -1 MLine = MText.ReadLine for y = 0 to Tally(MLine, "$") LWord = Field$(MLine, "$", y+1) NrSpaces = ColWidth(y) - len(LWord) TextLeft = TextLeft + LWord + Space$(NrSpaces+1) TextRight = TextRight + Space$(NrSpaces+1) + LWord TextCenter = TextCenter + Space$(floor((NrSpaces)/2)+1) + LWord + Space$(Ceil((NrSpaces)/2)) next TextLeft = TextLeft + Newline TextRight = TextRight + Newline TextCenter = TextCenter + Newline next
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in VB.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net" "net/url" ) func main() { for _, in := range []string{ "foo: "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose", "jdbc:mysql: "ftp: "http: "ldap: "mailto:John.Doe@example.com", "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", "tel:+1-816-555-1212", "telnet: "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", "ssh: "https: "http: } { fmt.Println(in) u, err := url.Parse(in) if err != nil { log.Println(err) continue } if in != u.String() { fmt.Printf("Note: reassmebles as %q\n", u) } printURL(u) } } func printURL(u *url.URL) { fmt.Println(" Scheme:", u.Scheme) if u.Opaque != "" { fmt.Println(" Opaque:", u.Opaque) } if u.User != nil { fmt.Println(" Username:", u.User.Username()) if pwd, ok := u.User.Password(); ok { fmt.Println(" Password:", pwd) } } if u.Host != "" { if host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host); err == nil { fmt.Println(" Host:", host) fmt.Println(" Port:", port) } else { fmt.Println(" Host:", u.Host) } } if u.Path != "" { fmt.Println(" Path:", u.Path) } if u.RawQuery != "" { fmt.Println(" RawQuery:", u.RawQuery) m, err := url.ParseQuery(u.RawQuery) if err == nil { for k, v := range m { fmt.Printf(" Key: %q Values: %q\n", k, v) } } } if u.Fragment != "" { fmt.Println(" Fragment:", u.Fragment) } }
Function parse_url(url) parse_url = "URL: " & url If InStr(url,"//") Then scheme = Split(url,"//") parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & Mid(scheme(0),1,Len(scheme(0))-1) domain = Split(scheme(1),"/") If InStr(domain(0),"@") Then cred = Split(domain(0),"@") If InStr(cred(0),".") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),".")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),".")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),".")) ElseIf InStr(cred(0),":") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),":")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),":")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),":")) End If parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Username: " & username & vbCrLf &_ "Password: " & password If InStr(cred(1),":") Then host = Mid(cred(1),1,InStr(1,cred(1),":")-1) port = Mid(cred(1),InStr(1,cred(1),":")+1,Len(cred(1))-InStr(1,cred(1),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & cred(1) End If ElseIf InStr(domain(0),":") And Instr(domain(0),"[") = False And Instr(domain(0),"]") = False Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),":")-1) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),":")+1,Len(domain(0))-InStr(1,domain(0),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port ElseIf Instr(domain(0),"[") And Instr(domain(0),"]:") Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),"]")) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+2,Len(domain(0))-(InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+1)) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & domain(0) End If If UBound(domain) > 0 Then For i = 1 To UBound(domain) If i < UBound(domain) Then path = path & domain(i) & "/" ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"?") Then path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) If InStr(domain(i),"#") Then query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query & vbCrLf & "Fragment: " & fragment Else query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query End If ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"#") Then fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-1) & vbCrLf &_ "Fragment: " & fragment Else path = path & domain(i) End If Next parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path End If ElseIf InStr(url,":") Then scheme = Mid(url,1,InStr(1,url,":")-1) path = Mid(url,InStr(1,url,":")+1,Len(url)-InStr(1,url,":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & scheme & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path Else parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Invalid!!!" End If End Function WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("mailto:John.Doe@example.com") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("tel:+1-816-555-1212") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("this code is messy, long, and needs a makeover!!!")
Generate a VB translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net" "net/url" ) func main() { for _, in := range []string{ "foo: "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose", "jdbc:mysql: "ftp: "http: "ldap: "mailto:John.Doe@example.com", "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", "tel:+1-816-555-1212", "telnet: "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", "ssh: "https: "http: } { fmt.Println(in) u, err := url.Parse(in) if err != nil { log.Println(err) continue } if in != u.String() { fmt.Printf("Note: reassmebles as %q\n", u) } printURL(u) } } func printURL(u *url.URL) { fmt.Println(" Scheme:", u.Scheme) if u.Opaque != "" { fmt.Println(" Opaque:", u.Opaque) } if u.User != nil { fmt.Println(" Username:", u.User.Username()) if pwd, ok := u.User.Password(); ok { fmt.Println(" Password:", pwd) } } if u.Host != "" { if host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host); err == nil { fmt.Println(" Host:", host) fmt.Println(" Port:", port) } else { fmt.Println(" Host:", u.Host) } } if u.Path != "" { fmt.Println(" Path:", u.Path) } if u.RawQuery != "" { fmt.Println(" RawQuery:", u.RawQuery) m, err := url.ParseQuery(u.RawQuery) if err == nil { for k, v := range m { fmt.Printf(" Key: %q Values: %q\n", k, v) } } } if u.Fragment != "" { fmt.Println(" Fragment:", u.Fragment) } }
Function parse_url(url) parse_url = "URL: " & url If InStr(url,"//") Then scheme = Split(url,"//") parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & Mid(scheme(0),1,Len(scheme(0))-1) domain = Split(scheme(1),"/") If InStr(domain(0),"@") Then cred = Split(domain(0),"@") If InStr(cred(0),".") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),".")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),".")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),".")) ElseIf InStr(cred(0),":") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),":")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),":")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),":")) End If parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Username: " & username & vbCrLf &_ "Password: " & password If InStr(cred(1),":") Then host = Mid(cred(1),1,InStr(1,cred(1),":")-1) port = Mid(cred(1),InStr(1,cred(1),":")+1,Len(cred(1))-InStr(1,cred(1),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & cred(1) End If ElseIf InStr(domain(0),":") And Instr(domain(0),"[") = False And Instr(domain(0),"]") = False Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),":")-1) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),":")+1,Len(domain(0))-InStr(1,domain(0),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port ElseIf Instr(domain(0),"[") And Instr(domain(0),"]:") Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),"]")) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+2,Len(domain(0))-(InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+1)) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & domain(0) End If If UBound(domain) > 0 Then For i = 1 To UBound(domain) If i < UBound(domain) Then path = path & domain(i) & "/" ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"?") Then path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) If InStr(domain(i),"#") Then query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query & vbCrLf & "Fragment: " & fragment Else query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query End If ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"#") Then fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-1) & vbCrLf &_ "Fragment: " & fragment Else path = path & domain(i) End If Next parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path End If ElseIf InStr(url,":") Then scheme = Mid(url,1,InStr(1,url,":")-1) path = Mid(url,InStr(1,url,":")+1,Len(url)-InStr(1,url,":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & scheme & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path Else parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Invalid!!!" End If End Function WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("mailto:John.Doe@example.com") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("tel:+1-816-555-1212") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("this code is messy, long, and needs a makeover!!!")
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in VB.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math/big" "strings" ) const alphabet = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" var big0 = new(big.Int) var big58 = big.NewInt(58) func reverse(s string) string { r := []rune(s) for i, j := 0, len(r)-1; i < len(r)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 { r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i] } return string(r) } func convertToBase58(hash string, base int) (string, error) { var x, ok = new(big.Int).SetString(hash, base) if !ok { return "", fmt.Errorf("'%v' is not a valid integer in base '%d'", hash, base) } var sb strings.Builder var rem = new(big.Int) for x.Cmp(big0) == 1 { x.QuoRem(x, big58, rem) r := rem.Int64() sb.WriteByte(alphabet[r]) } return reverse(sb.String()), nil } func main() { s := "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" b, err := convertToBase58(s, 10) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println(s, "->", b) hashes := [...]string{ "0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e", } for _, hash := range hashes { b58, err := convertToBase58(hash, 0) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Printf("%-56s -> %s\n", hash, b58) } }
Imports System.Numerics Imports System.Text Module Module1 ReadOnly ALPHABET As String = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" ReadOnly HEX As String = "0123456789ABCDEF" Function ToBigInteger(value As String, base As Integer) As BigInteger If base < 1 OrElse base > HEX.Length Then Throw New ArgumentException("Base is out of range.") End If Dim bi = BigInteger.Zero For Each c In value Dim c2 = Char.ToUpper(c) Dim idx = HEX.IndexOf(c2) If idx = -1 OrElse idx >= base Then Throw New ArgumentException("Illegal character encountered.") End If bi = bi * base + idx Next Return bi End Function Function ConvertToBase58(hash As String, Optional base As Integer = 16) As String Dim x As BigInteger If base = 16 AndAlso hash.Substring(0, 2) = "0x" Then x = ToBigInteger(hash.Substring(2), base) Else x = ToBigInteger(hash, base) End If Dim sb As New StringBuilder While x > 0 Dim r = x Mod 58 sb.Append(ALPHABET(r)) x = x / 58 End While Dim ca = sb.ToString().ToCharArray() Array.Reverse(ca) Return New String(ca) End Function Sub Main() Dim s = "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" Dim b = ConvertToBase58(s, 10) Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", s, b) Dim hashes = {"0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e"} For Each hash In hashes Dim b58 = ConvertToBase58(hash) Console.WriteLine("{0,-56} -> {1}", hash, b58) Next End Sub End Module
Convert this Go block to VB, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math/big" "strings" ) const alphabet = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" var big0 = new(big.Int) var big58 = big.NewInt(58) func reverse(s string) string { r := []rune(s) for i, j := 0, len(r)-1; i < len(r)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 { r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i] } return string(r) } func convertToBase58(hash string, base int) (string, error) { var x, ok = new(big.Int).SetString(hash, base) if !ok { return "", fmt.Errorf("'%v' is not a valid integer in base '%d'", hash, base) } var sb strings.Builder var rem = new(big.Int) for x.Cmp(big0) == 1 { x.QuoRem(x, big58, rem) r := rem.Int64() sb.WriteByte(alphabet[r]) } return reverse(sb.String()), nil } func main() { s := "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" b, err := convertToBase58(s, 10) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println(s, "->", b) hashes := [...]string{ "0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e", } for _, hash := range hashes { b58, err := convertToBase58(hash, 0) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Printf("%-56s -> %s\n", hash, b58) } }
Imports System.Numerics Imports System.Text Module Module1 ReadOnly ALPHABET As String = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" ReadOnly HEX As String = "0123456789ABCDEF" Function ToBigInteger(value As String, base As Integer) As BigInteger If base < 1 OrElse base > HEX.Length Then Throw New ArgumentException("Base is out of range.") End If Dim bi = BigInteger.Zero For Each c In value Dim c2 = Char.ToUpper(c) Dim idx = HEX.IndexOf(c2) If idx = -1 OrElse idx >= base Then Throw New ArgumentException("Illegal character encountered.") End If bi = bi * base + idx Next Return bi End Function Function ConvertToBase58(hash As String, Optional base As Integer = 16) As String Dim x As BigInteger If base = 16 AndAlso hash.Substring(0, 2) = "0x" Then x = ToBigInteger(hash.Substring(2), base) Else x = ToBigInteger(hash, base) End If Dim sb As New StringBuilder While x > 0 Dim r = x Mod 58 sb.Append(ALPHABET(r)) x = x / 58 End While Dim ca = sb.ToString().ToCharArray() Array.Reverse(ca) Return New String(ca) End Function Sub Main() Dim s = "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" Dim b = ConvertToBase58(s, 10) Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", s, b) Dim hashes = {"0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e"} For Each hash In hashes Dim b58 = ConvertToBase58(hash) Console.WriteLine("{0,-56} -> {1}", hash, b58) Next End Sub End Module
Produce a functionally identical VB code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "crypto/des" "encoding/hex" "fmt" "log" ) func main() { key, err := hex.DecodeString("0e329232ea6d0d73") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } c, err := des.NewCipher(key) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } src, err := hex.DecodeString("8787878787878787") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } dst := make([]byte, des.BlockSize) c.Encrypt(dst, src) fmt.Printf("%x\n", dst) }
Imports System.IO Imports System.Security.Cryptography Module Module1 Function ByteArrayToString(ba As Byte()) As String Return BitConverter.ToString(ba).Replace("-", "") End Function Function Encrypt(messageBytes As Byte(), passwordBytes As Byte()) As Byte() Dim iv As Byte() = {&H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0} Dim provider As New DESCryptoServiceProvider Dim transform = provider.CreateEncryptor(passwordBytes, iv) Dim mode = CryptoStreamMode.Write Dim memStream As New MemoryStream Dim cryptoStream As New CryptoStream(memStream, transform, mode) cryptoStream.Write(messageBytes, 0, messageBytes.Length) cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock() Dim encryptedMessageBytes(memStream.Length - 1) As Byte memStream.Position = 0 memStream.Read(encryptedMessageBytes, 0, encryptedMessageBytes.Length) Return encryptedMessageBytes End Function Function Decrypt(encryptedMessageBytes As Byte(), passwordBytes As Byte()) As Byte() Dim iv As Byte() = {&H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0} Dim provider As New DESCryptoServiceProvider Dim transform = provider.CreateDecryptor(passwordBytes, iv) Dim mode = CryptoStreamMode.Write Dim memStream As New MemoryStream Dim cryptoStream As New CryptoStream(memStream, transform, mode) cryptoStream.Write(encryptedMessageBytes, 0, encryptedMessageBytes.Length) cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock() Dim decryptedMessageBytes(memStream.Length - 1) As Byte memStream.Position = 0 memStream.Read(decryptedMessageBytes, 0, decryptedMessageBytes.Length) Return decryptedMessageBytes End Function Sub Main() Dim keyBytes As Byte() = {&HE, &H32, &H92, &H32, &HEA, &H6D, &HD, &H73} Dim plainBytes As Byte() = {&H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87} Dim encStr = Encrypt(plainBytes, keyBytes) Console.WriteLine("Encoded: {0}", ByteArrayToString(encStr)) Dim decStr = Decrypt(encStr, keyBytes) Console.WriteLine("Decoded: {0}", ByteArrayToString(decStr)) End Sub End Module
Produce a functionally identical VB code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "regexp" "strings" ) var reg = regexp.MustCompile(`(\.[0-9]+|[1-9]([0-9]+)?(\.[0-9]+)?)`) func reverse(s string) string { r := []rune(s) for i, j := 0, len(r)-1; i < len(r)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 { r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i] } return string(r) } func commatize(s string, startIndex, period int, sep string) string { if startIndex < 0 || startIndex >= len(s) || period < 1 || sep == "" { return s } m := reg.FindString(s[startIndex:]) if m == "" { return s } splits := strings.Split(m, ".") ip := splits[0] if len(ip) > period { pi := reverse(ip) for i := (len(ip) - 1) / period * period; i >= period; i -= period { pi = pi[:i] + sep + pi[i:] } ip = reverse(pi) } if strings.Contains(m, ".") { dp := splits[1] if len(dp) > period { for i := (len(dp) - 1) / period * period; i >= period; i -= period { dp = dp[:i] + sep + dp[i:] } } ip += "." + dp } return s[:startIndex] + strings.Replace(s[startIndex:], m, ip, 1) } func main() { tests := [...]string{ "123456789.123456789", ".123456789", "57256.1D-4", "pi=3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459231", "The author has two Z$100000000000000 Zimbabwe notes (100 trillion).", "-in Aus$+1411.8millions", "===US$0017440 millions=== (in 2000 dollars)", "123.e8000 is pretty big.", "The land area of the earth is 57268900(29% of the surface) square miles.", "Ain't no numbers in this here words, nohow, no way, Jose.", "James was never known as 0000000007", "Arthur Eddington wrote: I believe there are " + "15747724136275002577605653961181555468044717914527116709366231425076185631031296" + " protons in the universe.", " $-140000±100 millions.", "6/9/1946 was a good year for some.", } fmt.Println(commatize(tests[0], 0, 2, "*")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[1], 0, 3, "-")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[2], 0, 4, "__")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[3], 0, 5, " ")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[4], 0, 3, ".")) for _, test := range tests[5:] { fmt.Println(commatize(test, 0, 3, ",")) } }
Public Sub commatize(s As String, Optional sep As String = ",", Optional start As Integer = 1, Optional step As Integer = 3) Dim l As Integer: l = Len(s) For i = start To l If Asc(Mid(s, i, 1)) >= Asc("1") And Asc(Mid(s, i, 1)) <= Asc("9") Then For j = i + 1 To l + 1 If j > l Then For k = j - 1 - step To i Step -step s = Mid(s, 1, k) & sep & Mid(s, k + 1, l - k + 1) l = Len(s) Next k Exit For Else If (Asc(Mid(s, j, 1)) < Asc("0") Or Asc(Mid(s, j, 1)) > Asc("9")) Then For k = j - 1 - step To i Step -step s = Mid(s, 1, k) & sep & Mid(s, k + 1, l - k + 1) l = Len(s) Next k Exit For End If End If Next j Exit For End If Next i Debug.Print s End Sub Public Sub main() commatize "pi=3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459231", " ", 6, 5 commatize "The author has two Z$100000000000000 Zimbabwe notes (100 trillion).", "." commatize """-in Aus$+1411.8millions""" commatize "===US$0017440 millions=== (in 2000 dollars)" commatize "123.e8000 is pretty big." commatize "The land area of the earth is 57268900(29% of the surface) square miles." commatize "Ain commatize "James was never known as 0000000007" commatize "Arthur Eddington wrote: I believe there are 15747724136275002577605653961181555468044717914527116709366231425076185631031296 protons in the universe." commatize " $-140000±100 millions." commatize "6/9/1946 was a good year for some." End Sub
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in VB.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func cumulative_freq(freq map[byte]int64) map[byte]int64 { total := int64(0) cf := make(map[byte]int64) for i := 0; i < 256; i++ { b := byte(i) if v, ok := freq[b]; ok { cf[b] = total total += v } } return cf } func arithmethic_coding(str string, radix int64) (*big.Int, *big.Int, map[byte]int64) { chars := []byte(str) freq := make(map[byte]int64) for _, c := range chars { freq[c] += 1 } cf := cumulative_freq(freq) base := len(chars) L := big.NewInt(0) pf := big.NewInt(1) bigBase := big.NewInt(int64(base)) for _, c := range chars { x := big.NewInt(cf[c]) L.Mul(L, bigBase) L.Add(L, x.Mul(x, pf)) pf.Mul(pf, big.NewInt(freq[c])) } U := big.NewInt(0) U.Set(L) U.Add(U, pf) bigOne := big.NewInt(1) bigZero := big.NewInt(0) bigRadix := big.NewInt(radix) tmp := big.NewInt(0).Set(pf) powr := big.NewInt(0) for { tmp.Div(tmp, bigRadix) if tmp.Cmp(bigZero) == 0 { break } powr.Add(powr, bigOne) } diff := big.NewInt(0) diff.Sub(U, bigOne) diff.Div(diff, big.NewInt(0).Exp(bigRadix, powr, nil)) return diff, powr, freq } func arithmethic_decoding(num *big.Int, radix int64, pow *big.Int, freq map[byte]int64) string { powr := big.NewInt(radix) enc := big.NewInt(0).Set(num) enc.Mul(enc, powr.Exp(powr, pow, nil)) base := int64(0) for _, v := range freq { base += v } cf := cumulative_freq(freq) dict := make(map[int64]byte) for k, v := range cf { dict[v] = k } lchar := -1 for i := int64(0); i < base; i++ { if v, ok := dict[i]; ok { lchar = int(v) } else if lchar != -1 { dict[i] = byte(lchar) } } decoded := make([]byte, base) bigBase := big.NewInt(base) for i := base - 1; i >= 0; i-- { pow := big.NewInt(0) pow.Exp(bigBase, big.NewInt(i), nil) div := big.NewInt(0) div.Div(enc, pow) c := dict[div.Int64()] fv := freq[c] cv := cf[c] prod := big.NewInt(0).Mul(pow, big.NewInt(cv)) diff := big.NewInt(0).Sub(enc, prod) enc.Div(diff, big.NewInt(fv)) decoded[base-i-1] = c } return string(decoded) } func main() { var radix = int64(10) strSlice := []string{ `DABDDB`, `DABDDBBDDBA`, `ABRACADABRA`, `TOBEORNOTTOBEORTOBEORNOT`, } for _, str := range strSlice { enc, pow, freq := arithmethic_coding(str, radix) dec := arithmethic_decoding(enc, radix, pow, freq) fmt.Printf("%-25s=> %19s * %d^%s\n", str, enc, radix, pow) if str != dec { panic("\tHowever that is incorrect!") } } }
Imports System.Numerics Imports System.Text Imports Freq = System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary(Of Char, Long) Imports Triple = System.Tuple(Of System.Numerics.BigInteger, Integer, System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary(Of Char, Long)) Module Module1 Function CumulativeFreq(freq As Freq) As Freq Dim total As Long = 0 Dim cf As New Freq For i = 0 To 255 Dim c = Chr(i) If freq.ContainsKey(c) Then Dim v = freq(c) cf(c) = total total += v End If Next Return cf End Function Function ArithmeticCoding(str As String, radix As Long) As Triple Dim freq As New Freq For Each c In str If freq.ContainsKey(c) Then freq(c) += 1 Else freq(c) = 1 End If Next Dim cf = CumulativeFreq(freq) Dim base As BigInteger = str.Length Dim lower As BigInteger = 0 Dim pf As BigInteger = 1 For Each c In str Dim x = cf(c) lower = lower * base + x * pf pf = pf * freq(c) Next Dim upper = lower + pf Dim powr = 0 Dim bigRadix As BigInteger = radix While True pf = pf / bigRadix If pf = 0 Then Exit While End If powr = powr + 1 End While Dim diff = (upper - 1) / (BigInteger.Pow(bigRadix, powr)) Return New Triple(diff, powr, freq) End Function Function ArithmeticDecoding(num As BigInteger, radix As Long, pwr As Integer, freq As Freq) As String Dim powr As BigInteger = radix Dim enc = num * BigInteger.Pow(powr, pwr) Dim base = freq.Values.Sum() Dim cf = CumulativeFreq(freq) Dim dict As New Dictionary(Of Long, Char) For Each key In cf.Keys Dim value = cf(key) dict(value) = key Next Dim lchar As Long = -1 For i As Long = 0 To base - 1 If dict.ContainsKey(i) Then lchar = AscW(dict(i)) Else dict(i) = ChrW(lchar) End If Next Dim decoded As New StringBuilder Dim bigBase As BigInteger = base For i As Long = base - 1 To 0 Step -1 Dim pow = BigInteger.Pow(bigBase, i) Dim div = enc / pow Dim c = dict(div) Dim fv = freq(c) Dim cv = cf(c) Dim diff = enc - pow * cv enc = diff / fv decoded.Append(c) Next Return decoded.ToString() End Function Sub Main() Dim radix As Long = 10 Dim strings = {"DABDDB", "DABDDBBDDBA", "ABRACADABRA", "TOBEORNOTTOBEORTOBEORNOT"} For Each St In strings Dim encoded = ArithmeticCoding(St, radix) Dim dec = ArithmeticDecoding(encoded.Item1, radix, encoded.Item2, encoded.Item3) Console.WriteLine("{0,-25}=> {1,19} * {2}^{3}", St, encoded.Item1, radix, encoded.Item2) If St <> dec Then Throw New Exception(vbTab + "However that is incorrect!") End If Next End Sub End Module
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to VB.
package main import "fmt" var g = [][]int{ 0: {1}, 1: {2}, 2: {0}, 3: {1, 2, 4}, 4: {3, 5}, 5: {2, 6}, 6: {5}, 7: {4, 6, 7}, } func main() { fmt.Println(kosaraju(g)) } func kosaraju(g [][]int) []int { vis := make([]bool, len(g)) L := make([]int, len(g)) x := len(L) t := make([][]int, len(g)) var Visit func(int) Visit = func(u int) { if !vis[u] { vis[u] = true for _, v := range g[u] { Visit(v) t[v] = append(t[v], u) } x-- L[x] = u } } for u := range g { Visit(u) } c := make([]int, len(g)) var Assign func(int, int) Assign = func(u, root int) { if vis[u] { vis[u] = false c[u] = root for _, v := range t[u] { Assign(v, root) } } } for _, u := range L { Assign(u, u) } return c }
Module Module1 Function Kosaraju(g As List(Of List(Of Integer))) As List(Of Integer) Dim size = g.Count Dim vis(size - 1) As Boolean Dim l(size - 1) As Integer Dim x = size Dim t As New List(Of List(Of Integer)) For i = 1 To size t.Add(New List(Of Integer)) Next Dim visit As Action(Of Integer) = Sub(u As Integer) If Not vis(u) Then vis(u) = True For Each v In g(u) visit(v) t(v).Add(u) Next x -= 1 l(x) = u End If End Sub For i = 1 To size visit(i - 1) Next Dim c(size - 1) As Integer Dim assign As Action(Of Integer, Integer) = Sub(u As Integer, root As Integer) If vis(u) Then vis(u) = False c(u) = root For Each v In t(u) assign(v, root) Next End If End Sub For Each u In l assign(u, u) Next Return c.ToList End Function Sub Main() Dim g = New List(Of List(Of Integer)) From { New List(Of Integer) From {1}, New List(Of Integer) From {2}, New List(Of Integer) From {0}, New List(Of Integer) From {1, 2, 4}, New List(Of Integer) From {3, 5}, New List(Of Integer) From {2, 6}, New List(Of Integer) From {5}, New List(Of Integer) From {4, 6, 7} } Dim output = Kosaraju(g) Console.WriteLine("[{0}]", String.Join(", ", output)) End Sub End Module
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to VB without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) var F = [][]int{ {1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, -1}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1}, } var I = [][]int{{0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0}} var L = [][]int{ {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3, -1, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1}, {1, -3, 1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0}, } var N = [][]int{ {0, 1, 1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, -1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0, 3, -1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1, 3, -1}, } var P = [][]int{ {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0}, } var T = [][]int{ {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1}, {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0}, } var U = [][]int{ {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1}, } var V = [][]int{ {1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 2, -2, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2}, } var W = [][]int{ {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -2, 2, -1}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1}, } var X = [][]int{{1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0}} var Y = [][]int{ {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0, 3, 0}, } var Z = [][]int{ {0, 1, 1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2}, {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -2}, } var shapes = [][][]int{F, I, L, N, P, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z} var symbols = []byte("FILNPTUVWXYZ-") const ( nRows = 8 nCols = 8 blank = 12 ) var grid [nRows][nCols]int var placed [12]bool func tryPlaceOrientation(o []int, r, c, shapeIndex int) bool { for i := 0; i < len(o); i += 2 { x := c + o[i+1] y := r + o[i] if x < 0 || x >= nCols || y < 0 || y >= nRows || grid[y][x] != -1 { return false } } grid[r][c] = shapeIndex for i := 0; i < len(o); i += 2 { grid[r+o[i]][c+o[i+1]] = shapeIndex } return true } func removeOrientation(o []int, r, c int) { grid[r][c] = -1 for i := 0; i < len(o); i += 2 { grid[r+o[i]][c+o[i+1]] = -1 } } func solve(pos, numPlaced int) bool { if numPlaced == len(shapes) { return true } row := pos / nCols col := pos % nCols if grid[row][col] != -1 { return solve(pos+1, numPlaced) } for i := range shapes { if !placed[i] { for _, orientation := range shapes[i] { if !tryPlaceOrientation(orientation, row, col, i) { continue } placed[i] = true if solve(pos+1, numPlaced+1) { return true } removeOrientation(orientation, row, col) placed[i] = false } } } return false } func shuffleShapes() { rand.Shuffle(len(shapes), func(i, j int) { shapes[i], shapes[j] = shapes[j], shapes[i] symbols[i], symbols[j] = symbols[j], symbols[i] }) } func printResult() { for _, r := range grid { for _, i := range r { fmt.Printf("%c ", symbols[i]) } fmt.Println() } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) shuffleShapes() for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { for i := range grid[r] { grid[r][i] = -1 } } for i := 0; i < 4; i++ { var randRow, randCol int for { randRow = rand.Intn(nRows) randCol = rand.Intn(nCols) if grid[randRow][randCol] != blank { break } } grid[randRow][randCol] = blank } if solve(0, 0) { printResult() } else { fmt.Println("No solution") } }
Module Module1 Dim symbols As Char() = "XYPFTVNLUZWI█".ToCharArray(), nRows As Integer = 8, nCols As Integer = 8, target As Integer = 12, blank As Integer = 12, grid As Integer()() = New Integer(nRows - 1)() {}, placed As Boolean() = New Boolean(target - 1) {}, pens As List(Of List(Of Integer())), rand As Random, seeds As Integer() = {291, 292, 293, 295, 297, 329, 330, 332, 333, 335, 378, 586} Sub Main() Unpack(seeds) : rand = New Random() : ShuffleShapes(2) For r As Integer = 0 To nRows - 1 grid(r) = Enumerable.Repeat(-1, nCols).ToArray() : Next For i As Integer = 0 To 3 Dim rRow, rCol As Integer : Do : rRow = rand.Next(nRows) : rCol = rand.Next(nCols) Loop While grid(rRow)(rCol) = blank : grid(rRow)(rCol) = blank Next If Solve(0, 0) Then PrintResult() Else Console.WriteLine("no solution for this configuration:") : PrintResult() End If If System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached Then Console.ReadKey() End Sub Sub ShuffleShapes(count As Integer) For i As Integer = 0 To count : For j = 0 To pens.Count - 1 Dim r As Integer : Do : r = rand.Next(pens.Count) : Loop Until r <> j Dim tmp As List(Of Integer()) = pens(r) : pens(r) = pens(j) : pens(j) = tmp Dim ch As Char = symbols(r) : symbols(r) = symbols(j) : symbols(j) = ch Next : Next End Sub Sub PrintResult() For Each r As Integer() In grid : For Each i As Integer In r Console.Write("{0} ", If(i < 0, ".", symbols(i))) Next : Console.WriteLine() : Next End Sub Function Solve(ByVal pos As Integer, ByVal numPlaced As Integer) As Boolean If numPlaced = target Then Return True Dim row As Integer = pos \ nCols, col As Integer = pos Mod nCols If grid(row)(col) <> -1 Then Return Solve(pos + 1, numPlaced) For i As Integer = 0 To pens.Count - 1 : If Not placed(i) Then For Each orientation As Integer() In pens(i) If Not TPO(orientation, row, col, i) Then Continue For placed(i) = True : If Solve(pos + 1, numPlaced + 1) Then Return True RmvO(orientation, row, col) : placed(i) = False Next : End If : Next : Return False End Function Sub RmvO(ByVal ori As Integer(), ByVal row As Integer, ByVal col As Integer) grid(row)(col) = -1 : For i As Integer = 0 To ori.Length - 1 Step 2 grid(row + ori(i))(col + ori(i + 1)) = -1 : Next End Sub Function TPO(ByVal ori As Integer(), ByVal row As Integer, ByVal col As Integer, ByVal sIdx As Integer) As Boolean For i As Integer = 0 To ori.Length - 1 Step 2 Dim x As Integer = col + ori(i + 1), y As Integer = row + ori(i) If x < 0 OrElse x >= nCols OrElse y < 0 OrElse y >= nRows OrElse grid(y)(x) <> -1 Then Return False Next : grid(row)(col) = sIdx For i As Integer = 0 To ori.Length - 1 Step 2 grid(row + ori(i))(col + ori(i + 1)) = sIdx Next : Return True End Function Sub Unpack(sv As Integer()) pens = New List(Of List(Of Integer())) : For Each item In sv Dim Gen As New List(Of Integer()), exi As List(Of Integer) = Expand(item), fx As Integer() = ToP(exi) : Gen.Add(fx) : For i As Integer = 1 To 7 If i = 4 Then Mir(exi) Else Rot(exi) fx = ToP(exi) : If Not Gen.Exists(Function(Red) TheSame(Red, fx)) Then Gen.Add(ToP(exi)) Next : pens.Add(Gen) : Next End Sub Function Expand(i As Integer) As List(Of Integer) Expand = {0}.ToList() : For j As Integer = 0 To 3 : Expand.Insert(1, i And 15) : i >>= 4 : Next End Function Function ToP(p As List(Of Integer)) As Integer() Dim tmp As List(Of Integer) = {0}.ToList() : For Each item As Integer In p.Skip(1) tmp.Add(tmp.Item(item >> 2) + {1, 8, -1, -8}(item And 3)) : Next tmp.Sort() : For i As Integer = tmp.Count - 1 To 0 Step -1 : tmp.Item(i) -= tmp.Item(0) : Next Dim res As New List(Of Integer) : For Each item In tmp.Skip(1) Dim adj = If((item And 7) > 4, 8, 0) res.Add((adj + item) \ 8) : res.Add((item And 7) - adj) Next : Return res.ToArray() End Function Function TheSame(a As Integer(), b As Integer()) As Boolean For i As Integer = 0 To a.Count - 1 : If a(i) <> b(i) Then Return False Next : Return True End Function Sub Rot(ByRef p As List(Of Integer)) For i As Integer = 0 To p.Count - 1 : p(i) = (p(i) And -4) Or ((p(i) + 1) And 3) : Next End Sub Sub Mir(ByRef p As List(Of Integer)) For i As Integer = 0 To p.Count - 1 : p(i) = (p(i) And -4) Or (((p(i) Xor 1) + 1) And 3) : Next End Sub End Module
Translate the given Go code snippet into VB without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "os" ) func main() { fn := "myth" bx := ".backup" var err error if tf, err := os.Readlink(fn); err == nil { fn = tf } var fi os.FileInfo if fi, err = os.Stat(fn); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if err = os.Rename(fn, fn+bx); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } err = ioutil.WriteFile(fn, []byte("you too!\n"), fi.Mode().Perm()) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
Public Sub backup(filename As String) If Len(Dir(filename)) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next Name filename As filename & ".bak" Else If Len(Dir(filename & ".lnk")) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next With CreateObject("Wscript.Shell").CreateShortcut(filename & ".lnk") link = .TargetPath .Close End With Name link As link & ".bak" End If End If End Sub Public Sub main() backup "D:\test.txt" End Sub
Write a version of this Go function in VB with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "os" ) func main() { fn := "myth" bx := ".backup" var err error if tf, err := os.Readlink(fn); err == nil { fn = tf } var fi os.FileInfo if fi, err = os.Stat(fn); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if err = os.Rename(fn, fn+bx); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } err = ioutil.WriteFile(fn, []byte("you too!\n"), fi.Mode().Perm()) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
Public Sub backup(filename As String) If Len(Dir(filename)) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next Name filename As filename & ".bak" Else If Len(Dir(filename & ".lnk")) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next With CreateObject("Wscript.Shell").CreateShortcut(filename & ".lnk") link = .TargetPath .Close End With Name link As link & ".bak" End If End If End Sub Public Sub main() backup "D:\test.txt" End Sub
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to VB.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) type mTerm struct { a, n, d int64 } var testCases = [][]mTerm{ {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 3}}, {{2, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 7}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 239}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {2, 3, 79}}, {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 5}, {1, 1, 8}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 70}, {1, 1, 99}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {4, 1, 53}, {2, 1, 4443}}, {{6, 1, 8}, {2, 1, 57}, {1, 1, 239}}, {{8, 1, 10}, {-1, 1, 239}, {-4, 1, 515}}, {{12, 1, 18}, {8, 1, 57}, {-5, 1, 239}}, {{16, 1, 21}, {3, 1, 239}, {4, 3, 1042}}, {{22, 1, 28}, {2, 1, 443}, {-5, 1, 1393}, {-10, 1, 11018}}, {{22, 1, 38}, {17, 7, 601}, {10, 7, 8149}}, {{44, 1, 57}, {7, 1, 239}, {-12, 1, 682}, {24, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12944}}, } func main() { for _, m := range testCases { fmt.Printf("tan %v = %v\n", m, tans(m)) } } var one = big.NewRat(1, 1) func tans(m []mTerm) *big.Rat { if len(m) == 1 { return tanEval(m[0].a, big.NewRat(m[0].n, m[0].d)) } half := len(m) / 2 a := tans(m[:half]) b := tans(m[half:]) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) } func tanEval(coef int64, f *big.Rat) *big.Rat { if coef == 1 { return f } if coef < 0 { r := tanEval(-coef, f) return r.Neg(r) } ca := coef / 2 cb := coef - ca a := tanEval(ca, f) b := tanEval(cb, f) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) }
Imports System.Numerics Public Class BigRat Implements IComparable Public nu, de As BigInteger Public Shared Zero = New BigRat(BigInteger.Zero, BigInteger.One), One = New BigRat(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.One) Sub New(bRat As BigRat) nu = bRat.nu : de = bRat.de End Sub Sub New(n As BigInteger, d As BigInteger) If d = BigInteger.Zero Then _ Throw (New Exception(String.Format("tried to set a BigRat with ({0}/{1})", n, d))) Dim bi As BigInteger = BigInteger.GreatestCommonDivisor(n, d) If bi > BigInteger.One Then n /= bi : d /= bi If d < BigInteger.Zero Then n = -n : d = -d nu = n : de = d End Sub Shared Operator -(x As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(-x.nu, x.de) End Operator Shared Operator +(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de + x.de * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator -(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return x + (-y) End Operator Shared Operator *(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator /(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de, x.de * y.nu) End Operator Public Function CompareTo(obj As Object) As Integer Implements IComparable.CompareTo Dim dif As BigRat = New BigRat(nu, de) - obj If dif.nu < BigInteger.Zero Then Return -1 If dif.nu > BigInteger.Zero Then Return 1 Return 0 End Function Shared Operator =(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) = 0 End Operator Shared Operator <>(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) <> 0 End Operator Overrides Function ToString() As String If de = BigInteger.One Then Return nu.ToString Return String.Format("({0}/{1})", nu, de) End Function Shared Function Combine(a As BigRat, b As BigRat) As BigRat Return (a + b) / (BigRat.One - (a * b)) End Function End Class Public Structure Term Dim c As Integer, br As BigRat Sub New(cc As Integer, bigr As BigRat) c = cc : br = bigr End Sub End Structure Module Module1 Function Eval(c As Integer, x As BigRat) As BigRat If c = 1 Then Return x Else If c < 0 Then Return Eval(-c, -x) Dim hc As Integer = c \ 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Eval(hc, x), Eval(c - hc, x)) End Function Function Sum(terms As List(Of Term)) As BigRat If terms.Count = 1 Then Return Eval(terms(0).c, terms(0).br) Dim htc As Integer = terms.Count / 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Sum(terms.Take(htc).ToList), Sum(terms.Skip(htc).ToList)) End Function Function ParseLine(ByVal s As String) As List(Of Term) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : Dim t As String = s.ToLower, p As Integer, x As New Term(1, BigRat.Zero) While t.Contains(" ") : t = t.Replace(" ", "") : End While p = t.IndexOf("pi/4=") : If p < 0 Then _ Console.WriteLine("warning: tan(left side of equation) <> 1") : ParseLine.Add(x) : Exit Function t = t.Substring(p + 5) For Each item As String In t.Split(")") If item.Length > 5 Then If (Not item.Contains("tan") OrElse item.IndexOf("a") < 0 OrElse item.IndexOf("a") > item.IndexOf("tan")) AndAlso Not item.Contains("atn") Then Console.WriteLine("warning: a term is mising a valid arctangent identifier on the right side of the equation: [{0})]", item) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : ParseLine.Add(New Term(1, BigRat.Zero)) : Exit Function End If x.c = 1 : x.br = New BigRat(BigRat.One) p = item.IndexOf("/") : If p > 0 Then x.br.de = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) item = item.Substring(0, p) p = item.IndexOf("(") : If p > 0 Then x.br.nu = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) p = item.IndexOf("a") : If p > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(item.Substring(0, p).Replace("*", ""), x.c) If x.c = 0 Then x.c = 1 If item.Contains("-") AndAlso x.c > 0 Then x.c = -x.c End If ParseLine.Add(x) End If End If End If Next End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim nl As String = vbLf For Each item In ("pi/4 = ATan(1 / 2) + ATan(1/3)" & nl & "pi/4 = 2Atan(1/3) + ATan(1/7)" & nl & "pi/4 = 4ArcTan(1/5) - ATan(1 / 239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 5arctan(1/7) + 2 * atan(3/79)" & nl & "Pi/4 = 5ATan(29/278) + 7*ATan(3/79)" & nl & "pi/4 = atn(1/2) + ATan(1/5) + ATan(1/8)" & nl & "PI/4 = 4ATan(1/5) - Atan(1/70) + ATan(1/99)" & nl & "pi /4 = 5*ATan(1/7) + 4 ATan(1/53) + 2ATan(1/4443)" & nl & "pi / 4 = 6ATan(1/8) + 2arctangent(1/57) + ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/ 4 = 8ATan(1/10) - ATan(1/239) - 4ATan(1/515)" & nl & "pi/4 = 12ATan(1/18) + 8ATan(1/57) - 5ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 16 * ATan(1/21) + 3ATan(1/239) + 4ATan(3/1042)" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/28) + 2ATan(1/443) - 5ATan(1/1393) - 10 ATan( 1 / 11018 )" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/38) + 17ATan(7/601) + 10ATan(7 / 8149)" & nl & "pi/4 = 44ATan(1/57) + 7ATan(1/239) - 12ATan(1/682) + 24ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12944)").Split(nl) Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", If(Sum(ParseLine(item)) = BigRat.One, "Pass", "Fail"), item) Next End Sub End Module
Write a version of this Go function in VB with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) type mTerm struct { a, n, d int64 } var testCases = [][]mTerm{ {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 3}}, {{2, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 7}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 239}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {2, 3, 79}}, {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 5}, {1, 1, 8}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 70}, {1, 1, 99}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {4, 1, 53}, {2, 1, 4443}}, {{6, 1, 8}, {2, 1, 57}, {1, 1, 239}}, {{8, 1, 10}, {-1, 1, 239}, {-4, 1, 515}}, {{12, 1, 18}, {8, 1, 57}, {-5, 1, 239}}, {{16, 1, 21}, {3, 1, 239}, {4, 3, 1042}}, {{22, 1, 28}, {2, 1, 443}, {-5, 1, 1393}, {-10, 1, 11018}}, {{22, 1, 38}, {17, 7, 601}, {10, 7, 8149}}, {{44, 1, 57}, {7, 1, 239}, {-12, 1, 682}, {24, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12944}}, } func main() { for _, m := range testCases { fmt.Printf("tan %v = %v\n", m, tans(m)) } } var one = big.NewRat(1, 1) func tans(m []mTerm) *big.Rat { if len(m) == 1 { return tanEval(m[0].a, big.NewRat(m[0].n, m[0].d)) } half := len(m) / 2 a := tans(m[:half]) b := tans(m[half:]) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) } func tanEval(coef int64, f *big.Rat) *big.Rat { if coef == 1 { return f } if coef < 0 { r := tanEval(-coef, f) return r.Neg(r) } ca := coef / 2 cb := coef - ca a := tanEval(ca, f) b := tanEval(cb, f) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) }
Imports System.Numerics Public Class BigRat Implements IComparable Public nu, de As BigInteger Public Shared Zero = New BigRat(BigInteger.Zero, BigInteger.One), One = New BigRat(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.One) Sub New(bRat As BigRat) nu = bRat.nu : de = bRat.de End Sub Sub New(n As BigInteger, d As BigInteger) If d = BigInteger.Zero Then _ Throw (New Exception(String.Format("tried to set a BigRat with ({0}/{1})", n, d))) Dim bi As BigInteger = BigInteger.GreatestCommonDivisor(n, d) If bi > BigInteger.One Then n /= bi : d /= bi If d < BigInteger.Zero Then n = -n : d = -d nu = n : de = d End Sub Shared Operator -(x As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(-x.nu, x.de) End Operator Shared Operator +(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de + x.de * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator -(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return x + (-y) End Operator Shared Operator *(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator /(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de, x.de * y.nu) End Operator Public Function CompareTo(obj As Object) As Integer Implements IComparable.CompareTo Dim dif As BigRat = New BigRat(nu, de) - obj If dif.nu < BigInteger.Zero Then Return -1 If dif.nu > BigInteger.Zero Then Return 1 Return 0 End Function Shared Operator =(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) = 0 End Operator Shared Operator <>(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) <> 0 End Operator Overrides Function ToString() As String If de = BigInteger.One Then Return nu.ToString Return String.Format("({0}/{1})", nu, de) End Function Shared Function Combine(a As BigRat, b As BigRat) As BigRat Return (a + b) / (BigRat.One - (a * b)) End Function End Class Public Structure Term Dim c As Integer, br As BigRat Sub New(cc As Integer, bigr As BigRat) c = cc : br = bigr End Sub End Structure Module Module1 Function Eval(c As Integer, x As BigRat) As BigRat If c = 1 Then Return x Else If c < 0 Then Return Eval(-c, -x) Dim hc As Integer = c \ 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Eval(hc, x), Eval(c - hc, x)) End Function Function Sum(terms As List(Of Term)) As BigRat If terms.Count = 1 Then Return Eval(terms(0).c, terms(0).br) Dim htc As Integer = terms.Count / 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Sum(terms.Take(htc).ToList), Sum(terms.Skip(htc).ToList)) End Function Function ParseLine(ByVal s As String) As List(Of Term) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : Dim t As String = s.ToLower, p As Integer, x As New Term(1, BigRat.Zero) While t.Contains(" ") : t = t.Replace(" ", "") : End While p = t.IndexOf("pi/4=") : If p < 0 Then _ Console.WriteLine("warning: tan(left side of equation) <> 1") : ParseLine.Add(x) : Exit Function t = t.Substring(p + 5) For Each item As String In t.Split(")") If item.Length > 5 Then If (Not item.Contains("tan") OrElse item.IndexOf("a") < 0 OrElse item.IndexOf("a") > item.IndexOf("tan")) AndAlso Not item.Contains("atn") Then Console.WriteLine("warning: a term is mising a valid arctangent identifier on the right side of the equation: [{0})]", item) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : ParseLine.Add(New Term(1, BigRat.Zero)) : Exit Function End If x.c = 1 : x.br = New BigRat(BigRat.One) p = item.IndexOf("/") : If p > 0 Then x.br.de = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) item = item.Substring(0, p) p = item.IndexOf("(") : If p > 0 Then x.br.nu = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) p = item.IndexOf("a") : If p > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(item.Substring(0, p).Replace("*", ""), x.c) If x.c = 0 Then x.c = 1 If item.Contains("-") AndAlso x.c > 0 Then x.c = -x.c End If ParseLine.Add(x) End If End If End If Next End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim nl As String = vbLf For Each item In ("pi/4 = ATan(1 / 2) + ATan(1/3)" & nl & "pi/4 = 2Atan(1/3) + ATan(1/7)" & nl & "pi/4 = 4ArcTan(1/5) - ATan(1 / 239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 5arctan(1/7) + 2 * atan(3/79)" & nl & "Pi/4 = 5ATan(29/278) + 7*ATan(3/79)" & nl & "pi/4 = atn(1/2) + ATan(1/5) + ATan(1/8)" & nl & "PI/4 = 4ATan(1/5) - Atan(1/70) + ATan(1/99)" & nl & "pi /4 = 5*ATan(1/7) + 4 ATan(1/53) + 2ATan(1/4443)" & nl & "pi / 4 = 6ATan(1/8) + 2arctangent(1/57) + ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/ 4 = 8ATan(1/10) - ATan(1/239) - 4ATan(1/515)" & nl & "pi/4 = 12ATan(1/18) + 8ATan(1/57) - 5ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 16 * ATan(1/21) + 3ATan(1/239) + 4ATan(3/1042)" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/28) + 2ATan(1/443) - 5ATan(1/1393) - 10 ATan( 1 / 11018 )" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/38) + 17ATan(7/601) + 10ATan(7 / 8149)" & nl & "pi/4 = 44ATan(1/57) + 7ATan(1/239) - 12ATan(1/682) + 24ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12944)").Split(nl) Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", If(Sum(ParseLine(item)) = BigRat.One, "Pass", "Fail"), item) Next End Sub End Module
Transform the following Go implementation into VB, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import "fmt" type solution struct{ peg, over, land int } type move struct{ from, to int } var emptyStart = 1 var board [16]bool var jumpMoves = [16][]move{ {}, {{2, 4}, {3, 6}}, {{4, 7}, {5, 9}}, {{5, 8}, {6, 10}}, {{2, 1}, {5, 6}, {7, 11}, {8, 13}}, {{8, 12}, {9, 14}}, {{3, 1}, {5, 4}, {9, 13}, {10, 15}}, {{4, 2}, {8, 9}}, {{5, 3}, {9, 10}}, {{5, 2}, {8, 7}}, {{9, 8}}, {{12, 13}}, {{8, 5}, {13, 14}}, {{8, 4}, {9, 6}, {12, 11}, {14, 15}}, {{9, 5}, {13, 12}}, {{10, 6}, {14, 13}}, } var solutions []solution func initBoard() { for i := 1; i < 16; i++ { board[i] = true } board[emptyStart] = false } func (sol solution) split() (int, int, int) { return sol.peg, sol.over, sol.land } func (mv move) split() (int, int) { return mv.from, mv.to } func drawBoard() { var pegs [16]byte for i := 1; i < 16; i++ { if board[i] { pegs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%X", i)[0] } else { pegs[i] = '-' } } fmt.Printf(" %c\n", pegs[1]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c\n", pegs[2], pegs[3]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c %c\n", pegs[4], pegs[5], pegs[6]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c %c %c\n", pegs[7], pegs[8], pegs[9], pegs[10]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c %c %c %c\n", pegs[11], pegs[12], pegs[13], pegs[14], pegs[15]) } func solved() bool { count := 0 for _, b := range board { if b { count++ } } return count == 1 } func solve() { if solved() { return } for peg := 1; peg < 16; peg++ { if board[peg] { for _, mv := range jumpMoves[peg] { over, land := mv.split() if board[over] && !board[land] { saveBoard := board board[peg] = false board[over] = false board[land] = true solutions = append(solutions, solution{peg, over, land}) solve() if solved() { return } board = saveBoard solutions = solutions[:len(solutions)-1] } } } } } func main() { initBoard() solve() initBoard() drawBoard() fmt.Printf("Starting with peg %X removed\n\n", emptyStart) for _, solution := range solutions { peg, over, land := solution.split() board[peg] = false board[over] = false board[land] = true drawBoard() fmt.Printf("Peg %X jumped over %X to land on %X\n\n", peg, over, land) } }
Imports System, Microsoft.VisualBasic.DateAndTime Public Module Module1 Const n As Integer = 5 Dim Board As String Dim Starting As Integer = 1 Dim Target As Integer = 13 Dim Moves As Integer() Dim bi() As Integer Dim ib() As Integer Dim nl As Char = Convert.ToChar(10) Public Function Dou(s As String) As String Dou = "" : Dim b As Boolean = True For Each ch As Char In s If b Then b = ch <> " " If b Then Dou &= ch & " " Else Dou = " " & Dou Next : Dou = Dou.TrimEnd() End Function Public Function Fmt(s As String) As String If s.Length < Board.Length Then Return s Fmt = "" : For i As Integer = 1 To n : Fmt &= Dou(s.Substring(i * n - n, n)) & If(i = n, s.Substring(Board.Length), "") & nl Next End Function Public Function Triangle(n As Integer) As Integer Return (n * (n + 1)) / 2 End Function Public Function Init(s As String, pos As Integer) As String Init = s : Mid(Init, pos, 1) = "0" End Function Public Sub InitIndex() ReDim bi(Triangle(n)), ib(n * n) : Dim j As Integer = 0 For i As Integer = 0 To ib.Length - 1 If i = 0 Then ib(i) = 0 : bi(j) = 0 : j += 1 Else If Board(i - 1) = "1" Then ib(i) = j : bi(j) = i : j += 1 End If Next End Sub Public Function solve(brd As String, pegsLeft As Integer) As String If pegsLeft = 1 Then If Target = 0 Then Return "Completed" If brd(bi(Target) - 1) = "1" Then Return "Completed" Else Return "fail" End If For i = 1 To Board.Length If brd(i - 1) = "1" Then For Each mj In Moves Dim over As Integer = i + mj Dim land As Integer = i + 2 * mj If land >= 1 AndAlso land <= brd.Length _ AndAlso brd(land - 1) = "0" _ AndAlso brd(over - 1) = "1" Then setPegs(brd, "001", i, over, land) Dim Res As String = solve(brd.Substring(0, Board.Length), pegsLeft - 1) If Res.Length <> 4 Then _ Return brd & info(i, over, land) & nl & Res setPegs(brd, "110", i, over, land) End If Next End If Next Return "fail" End Function Function info(frm As Integer, over As Integer, dest As Integer) As String Return " Peg from " & ib(frm).ToString() & " goes to " & ib(dest).ToString() & ", removing peg at " & ib(over).ToString() End Function Sub setPegs(ByRef board As String, pat As String, a As Integer, b As Integer, c As Integer) Mid(board, a, 1) = pat(0) : Mid(board, b, 1) = pat(1) : Mid(board, c, 1) = pat(2) End Sub Sub LimitIt(ByRef x As Integer, lo As Integer, hi As Integer) x = Math.Max(Math.Min(x, hi), lo) End Sub Public Sub Main() Dim t As Integer = Triangle(n) LimitIt(Starting, 1, t) LimitIt(Target, 0, t) Dim stime As Date = Now() Moves = {-n - 1, -n, -1, 1, n, n + 1} Board = New String("1", n * n) For i As Integer = 0 To n - 2 Mid(Board, i * (n + 1) + 2, n - 1 - i) = New String(" ", n - 1 - i) Next InitIndex() Dim B As String = Init(Board, bi(Starting)) Console.WriteLine(Fmt(B & " Starting with peg removed from " & Starting.ToString())) Dim res As String() = solve(B.Substring(0, B.Length), t - 1).Split(nl) Dim ts As String = (Now() - stime).TotalMilliseconds.ToString() & " ms." If res(0).Length = 4 Then If Target = 0 Then Console.WriteLine("Unable to find a solution with last peg left anywhere.") Else Console.WriteLine("Unable to find a solution with last peg left at " & Target.ToString() & ".") End If Console.WriteLine("Computation time: " & ts) Else For Each Sol As String In res : Console.WriteLine(Fmt(Sol)) : Next Console.WriteLine("Computation time to first found solution: " & ts) End If If Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached Then Console.ReadLine() End Sub End Module
Write the same code in VB as shown below in Go.
package main import "fmt" var solution = make(chan int) var nearMiss = make(chan int) var done = make(chan bool) func main() { for i := 0; i < 4096; i++ { go checkPerm(i) } var ms []int for i := 0; i < 4096; { select { case <-done: i++ case s := <-solution: print12("solution", s) case m := <-nearMiss: ms = append(ms, m) } } for _, m := range ms { print12("near miss", m) } } func print12(label string, bits int) { fmt.Print(label, ":") for i := 1; i <= 12; i++ { if bits&1 == 1 { fmt.Print(" ", i) } bits >>= 1 } fmt.Println() } func checkPerm(tz int) { ts := func(n uint) bool { return tz>>(n-1)&1 == 1 } ntrue := func(xs ...uint) int { nt := 0 for _, x := range xs { if ts(x) { nt++ } } return nt } var con bool test := func(statement uint, b bool) { switch { case ts(statement) == b: case con: panic("bail") default: con = true } } defer func() { if x := recover(); x != nil { if msg, ok := x.(string); !ok && msg != "bail" { panic(x) } } done <- true }() test(1, true) test(2, ntrue(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) == 3) test(3, ntrue(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) == 2) test(4, !ts(5) || ts(6) && ts(7)) test(5, !ts(4) && !ts(3) && !ts(2)) test(6, ntrue(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11) == 4) test(7, ts(2) != ts(3)) test(8, !ts(7) || ts(5) && ts(6)) test(9, ntrue(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) == 3) test(10, ts(11) && ts(12)) test(11, ntrue(7, 8, 9) == 1) test(12, ntrue(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) == 4) if con { nearMiss <- tz } else { solution <- tz } }
Public s As String Public t As Integer Function s1() s1 = Len(s) = 12 End Function Function s2() t = 0 For i = 7 To 12 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s2 = t = 3 End Function Function s3() t = 0 For i = 2 To 12 Step 2 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s3 = t = 2 End Function Function s4() s4 = Mid(s, 5, 1) = "0" Or ((Mid(s, 6, 1) = "1" And Mid(s, 7, 1) = "1")) End Function Function s5() s5 = Mid(s, 2, 1) = "0" And Mid(s, 3, 1) = "0" And Mid(s, 4, 1) = "0" End Function Function s6() t = 0 For i = 1 To 12 Step 2 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s6 = t = 4 End Function Function s7() s7 = Mid(s, 2, 1) <> Mid(s, 3, 1) End Function Function s8() s8 = Mid(s, 7, 1) = "0" Or (Mid(s, 5, 1) = "1" And Mid(s, 6, 1) = "1") End Function Function s9() t = 0 For i = 1 To 6 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s9 = t = 3 End Function Function s10() s10 = Mid(s, 11, 1) = "1" And Mid(s, 12, 1) = "1" End Function Function s11() t = 0 For i = 7 To 9 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s11 = t = 1 End Function Function s12() t = 0 For i = 1 To 11 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s12 = t = 4 End Function Public Sub twelve_statements() For i = 0 To 2 ^ 12 - 1 s = Right(CStr(WorksheetFunction.Dec2Bin(64 + i \ 128)), 5) _ & Right(CStr(WorksheetFunction.Dec2Bin(256 + i Mod 128)), 7) For b = 1 To 12 Select Case b Case 1: If s1 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 2: If s2 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 3: If s3 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 4: If s4 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 5: If s5 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 6: If s6 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 7: If s7 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 8: If s8 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 9: If s9 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 10: If s10 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 11: If s11 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 12: If s12 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For End Select If b = 12 Then Debug.Print s Next Next End Sub
Write a version of this Go function in VB with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strconv" "strings" ) var suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" var ggl = googol() func googol() *big.Float { g1 := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) g1.SetInt64(10000000000) g := new(big.Float) g.Set(g1) for i := 2; i <= 10; i++ { g.Mul(g, g1) } return g } func suffize(arg string) { fields := strings.Fields(arg) a := fields[0] if a == "" { a = "0" } var places, base int var frac, radix string switch len(fields) { case 1: places = -1 base = 10 case 2: places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) base = 10 frac = strconv.Itoa(places) case 3: if fields[1] == "," { places = 0 frac = "," } else { places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) frac = strconv.Itoa(places) } base, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[2]) if base != 2 && base != 10 { base = 10 } radix = strconv.Itoa(base) } a = strings.Replace(a, ",", "", -1) sign := "" if a[0] == '+' || a[0] == '-' { sign = string(a[0]) a = a[1:] } b := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) d := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) b.SetString(a) g := false if b.Cmp(ggl) >= 0 { g = true } if !g && base == 2 { d.SetUint64(1024) } else if !g && base == 10 { d.SetUint64(1000) } else { d.Set(ggl) } c := 0 for b.Cmp(d) >= 0 && c < 12 { b.Quo(b, d) c++ } var suffix string if !g { suffix = string(suffixes[c]) } else { suffix = "googol" } if base == 2 { suffix += "i" } fmt.Println(" input number =", fields[0]) fmt.Println(" fraction digs =", frac) fmt.Println("specified radix =", radix) fmt.Print(" new number = ") if places >= 0 { fmt.Printf("%s%.*f%s\n", sign, places, b, suffix) } else { fmt.Printf("%s%s%s\n", sign, b.Text('g', 50), suffix) } fmt.Println() } func main() { tests := []string{ "87,654,321", "-998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3", "+112,233 0", "16,777,216 1", "456,789,100,000,000", "456,789,100,000,000 2 10", "456,789,100,000,000 5 2", "456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10", "+16777216 , 2", "1.2e101", "446,835,273,728 1", "1e36", "1e39", } for _, test := range tests { suffize(test) } }
Private Function suffize(number As String, Optional sfractiondigits As String, Optional base As String) As String Dim suffix As String, parts() As String, exponent As String Dim fractiondigits As Integer, nsuffix As Integer, flag As Boolean flag = False fractiondigits = Val(sfractiondigits) suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" number = Replace(number, ",", "", 1) Dim c As Currency Dim sign As Integer If Left(number, 1) = "-" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "-" End If If Left(number, 1) = "+" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "+" End If parts = Split(number, "e") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then exponent = parts(1) parts = Split(number, ".") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then frac = parts(1) If base = "2" Then Dim cnumber As Currency cnumber = Val(number) nsuffix = 0 Dim dnumber As Double If cnumber > 1023 Then cnumber = cnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 dnumber = cnumber Do While dnumber > 1023 dnumber = dnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 Loop number = CStr(dnumber) Else number = CStr(cnumber) End If leadingstring = Int(number) number = Replace(number, ",", "") leading = Len(leadingstring) suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) Else nsuffix = (Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 1) \ 3 If nsuffix < 13 Then suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) leading = (Len(number) - 1) Mod 3 + 1 leadingstring = Left(number, leading) Else flag = True If nsuffix > 32 Then suffix = "googol" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 99 leadingstring = number & frac & String$(Val(exponent) - 100 - Len(frac), "0") Else suffix = "U" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 35 If Val(exponent) > 36 Then leadingstring = number & String$(Val(exponent) - 36, "0") Else leadingstring = Left(number, (Len(number) - 36 + Val(exponent))) End If End If End If End If If fractiondigits > 0 Then If Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits + 1, 1)) >= 5 Then fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits, 1)) + 1) Else fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits) End If Else If Val(Mid(number, leading + 1, 1)) >= 5 And sfractiondigits <> "" And sfractiondigits <> "," Then leadingstring = Mid(number, 1, leading - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading, 1)) + 1) End If End If If flag Then If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = "" End If Else If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = Right(number, Len(number) - leading) End If End If outstring = outstring & leadingstring If Len(fraction) > 0 Then outstring = outstring & "." & fraction End If If base = "2" Then outstring = outstring & suffix & "i" Else outstring = outstring & suffix End If suffize = outstring End Function Sub program() Dim s(10) As String, t As String, f As String, r As String Dim tt() As String, temp As String s(0) = " 87,654,321" s(1) = " -998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3" s(2) = " +112,233 0" s(3) = " 16,777,216 1" s(4) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2" s(5) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2 10" s(6) = " 456,789,100,000,000 5 2" s(7) = " 456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10" s(8) = " +16777216 , 2" s(9) = " 1.2e101" For i = 0 To 9 ReDim tt(0) t = Trim(s(i)) Do temp = t t = Replace(t, " ", " ") Loop Until temp = t tt = Split(t, " ") If UBound(tt) > 0 Then f = tt(1) Else f = "" If UBound(tt) > 1 Then r = tt(2) Else r = "" Debug.Print String$(48, "-") Debug.Print " input number = "; tt(0) Debug.Print " fraction digs = "; f Debug.Print " specified radix = "; r Debug.Print " new number = "; suffize(tt(0), f, r) Next i End Sub
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to VB without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strconv" "strings" ) var suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" var ggl = googol() func googol() *big.Float { g1 := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) g1.SetInt64(10000000000) g := new(big.Float) g.Set(g1) for i := 2; i <= 10; i++ { g.Mul(g, g1) } return g } func suffize(arg string) { fields := strings.Fields(arg) a := fields[0] if a == "" { a = "0" } var places, base int var frac, radix string switch len(fields) { case 1: places = -1 base = 10 case 2: places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) base = 10 frac = strconv.Itoa(places) case 3: if fields[1] == "," { places = 0 frac = "," } else { places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) frac = strconv.Itoa(places) } base, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[2]) if base != 2 && base != 10 { base = 10 } radix = strconv.Itoa(base) } a = strings.Replace(a, ",", "", -1) sign := "" if a[0] == '+' || a[0] == '-' { sign = string(a[0]) a = a[1:] } b := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) d := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) b.SetString(a) g := false if b.Cmp(ggl) >= 0 { g = true } if !g && base == 2 { d.SetUint64(1024) } else if !g && base == 10 { d.SetUint64(1000) } else { d.Set(ggl) } c := 0 for b.Cmp(d) >= 0 && c < 12 { b.Quo(b, d) c++ } var suffix string if !g { suffix = string(suffixes[c]) } else { suffix = "googol" } if base == 2 { suffix += "i" } fmt.Println(" input number =", fields[0]) fmt.Println(" fraction digs =", frac) fmt.Println("specified radix =", radix) fmt.Print(" new number = ") if places >= 0 { fmt.Printf("%s%.*f%s\n", sign, places, b, suffix) } else { fmt.Printf("%s%s%s\n", sign, b.Text('g', 50), suffix) } fmt.Println() } func main() { tests := []string{ "87,654,321", "-998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3", "+112,233 0", "16,777,216 1", "456,789,100,000,000", "456,789,100,000,000 2 10", "456,789,100,000,000 5 2", "456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10", "+16777216 , 2", "1.2e101", "446,835,273,728 1", "1e36", "1e39", } for _, test := range tests { suffize(test) } }
Private Function suffize(number As String, Optional sfractiondigits As String, Optional base As String) As String Dim suffix As String, parts() As String, exponent As String Dim fractiondigits As Integer, nsuffix As Integer, flag As Boolean flag = False fractiondigits = Val(sfractiondigits) suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" number = Replace(number, ",", "", 1) Dim c As Currency Dim sign As Integer If Left(number, 1) = "-" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "-" End If If Left(number, 1) = "+" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "+" End If parts = Split(number, "e") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then exponent = parts(1) parts = Split(number, ".") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then frac = parts(1) If base = "2" Then Dim cnumber As Currency cnumber = Val(number) nsuffix = 0 Dim dnumber As Double If cnumber > 1023 Then cnumber = cnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 dnumber = cnumber Do While dnumber > 1023 dnumber = dnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 Loop number = CStr(dnumber) Else number = CStr(cnumber) End If leadingstring = Int(number) number = Replace(number, ",", "") leading = Len(leadingstring) suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) Else nsuffix = (Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 1) \ 3 If nsuffix < 13 Then suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) leading = (Len(number) - 1) Mod 3 + 1 leadingstring = Left(number, leading) Else flag = True If nsuffix > 32 Then suffix = "googol" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 99 leadingstring = number & frac & String$(Val(exponent) - 100 - Len(frac), "0") Else suffix = "U" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 35 If Val(exponent) > 36 Then leadingstring = number & String$(Val(exponent) - 36, "0") Else leadingstring = Left(number, (Len(number) - 36 + Val(exponent))) End If End If End If End If If fractiondigits > 0 Then If Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits + 1, 1)) >= 5 Then fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits, 1)) + 1) Else fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits) End If Else If Val(Mid(number, leading + 1, 1)) >= 5 And sfractiondigits <> "" And sfractiondigits <> "," Then leadingstring = Mid(number, 1, leading - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading, 1)) + 1) End If End If If flag Then If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = "" End If Else If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = Right(number, Len(number) - leading) End If End If outstring = outstring & leadingstring If Len(fraction) > 0 Then outstring = outstring & "." & fraction End If If base = "2" Then outstring = outstring & suffix & "i" Else outstring = outstring & suffix End If suffize = outstring End Function Sub program() Dim s(10) As String, t As String, f As String, r As String Dim tt() As String, temp As String s(0) = " 87,654,321" s(1) = " -998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3" s(2) = " +112,233 0" s(3) = " 16,777,216 1" s(4) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2" s(5) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2 10" s(6) = " 456,789,100,000,000 5 2" s(7) = " 456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10" s(8) = " +16777216 , 2" s(9) = " 1.2e101" For i = 0 To 9 ReDim tt(0) t = Trim(s(i)) Do temp = t t = Replace(t, " ", " ") Loop Until temp = t tt = Split(t, " ") If UBound(tt) > 0 Then f = tt(1) Else f = "" If UBound(tt) > 1 Then r = tt(2) Else r = "" Debug.Print String$(48, "-") Debug.Print " input number = "; tt(0) Debug.Print " fraction digs = "; f Debug.Print " specified radix = "; r Debug.Print " new number = "; suffize(tt(0), f, r) Next i End Sub
Generate a VB translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" "sort" "strings" "text/template" ) func main() { const t = `[[[{{index .P 1}}, {{index .P 2}}], [{{index .P 3}}, {{index .P 4}}, {{index .P 1}}], {{index .P 5}}]] ` type S struct { P map[int]string } var s S s.P = map[int]string{ 0: "'Payload#0'", 1: "'Payload#1'", 2: "'Payload#2'", 3: "'Payload#3'", 4: "'Payload#4'", 5: "'Payload#5'", 6: "'Payload#6'", } tmpl := template.Must(template.New("").Parse(t)) tmpl.Execute(os.Stdout, s) var unused []int for k, _ := range s.P { if !strings.Contains(t, fmt.Sprintf("{{index .P %d}}", k)) { unused = append(unused, k) } } sort.Ints(unused) fmt.Println("\nThe unused payloads have indices of :", unused) }
Public Sub test() Dim t(2) As Variant t(0) = [{1,2}] t(1) = [{3,4,1}] t(2) = 5 p = [{"Payload#0","Payload#1","Payload#2","Payload#3","Payload#4","Payload#5","Payload#6"}] Dim q(6) As Boolean For i = LBound(t) To UBound(t) If IsArray(t(i)) Then For j = LBound(t(i)) To UBound(t(i)) q(t(i)(j)) = True t(i)(j) = p(t(i)(j) + 1) Next j Else q(t(i)) = True t(i) = p(t(i) + 1) End If Next i For i = LBound(t) To UBound(t) If IsArray(t(i)) Then Debug.Print Join(t(i), ", ") Else Debug.Print t(i) End If Next i For i = LBound(q) To UBound(q) If Not q(i) Then Debug.Print p(i + 1); " is not used" Next i End Sub
Convert the following code from C++ to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; string readFile (string path) { string contents; string line; ifstream inFile(path); while (getline (inFile, line)) { contents.append(line); contents.append("\n"); } inFile.close(); return contents; } double entropy (string X) { const int MAXCHAR = 127; int N = X.length(); int count[MAXCHAR]; double count_i; char ch; double sum = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < MAXCHAR; i++) count[i] = 0; for (int pos = 0; pos < N; pos++) { ch = X[pos]; count[(int)ch]++; } for (int n_i = 0; n_i < MAXCHAR; n_i++) { count_i = count[n_i]; if (count_i > 0) sum -= count_i / N * log2(count_i / N); } return sum; } int main () { cout<<entropy(readFile("entropy.cpp")); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "math" "os" "runtime" ) func main() { _, src, _, _ := runtime.Caller(0) fmt.Println("Source file entropy:", entropy(src)) fmt.Println("Binary file entropy:", entropy(os.Args[0])) } func entropy(file string) float64 { d, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } var f [256]float64 for _, b := range d { f[b]++ } hm := 0. for _, c := range f { if c > 0 { hm += c * math.Log2(c) } } l := float64(len(d)) return math.Log2(l) - hm/l }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C++ to Go, same semantics.
#include <Rcpp.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace Rcpp ; CharacterVector getNameInfo(std::string fqdn) { struct addrinfo hints, *res, *res0; int error; char host[NI_MAXHOST]; memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; error = getaddrinfo(fqdn.c_str(), NULL, &hints, &res0); if (error) { return(NA_STRING); } int i = 0 ; for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) { error = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, host, sizeof host, NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST); if (!error) { i++ ; } } CharacterVector results(i) ; i = 0; for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) { error = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, host, sizeof host, NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST); if (!error) { results[i++] = host ; } } freeaddrinfo(res0); return(results) ; }
package main import ( "fmt" "net" ) func main() { if addrs, err := net.LookupHost("www.kame.net"); err == nil { fmt.Println(addrs) } else { fmt.Println(err) } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of C++, keeping it the same logically?
#include <cmath> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> class peano_curve { public: void write(std::ostream& out, int size, int length, int order); private: static std::string rewrite(const std::string& s); void line(std::ostream& out); void execute(std::ostream& out, const std::string& s); double x_; double y_; int angle_; int length_; }; void peano_curve::write(std::ostream& out, int size, int length, int order) { length_ = length; x_ = length; y_ = length; angle_ = 90; out << "<svg xmlns='http: << size << "' height='" << size << "'>\n"; out << "<rect width='100%' height='100%' fill='white'/>\n"; out << "<path stroke-width='1' stroke='black' fill='none' d='"; std::string s = "L"; for (int i = 0; i < order; ++i) s = rewrite(s); execute(out, s); out << "'/>\n</svg>\n"; } std::string peano_curve::rewrite(const std::string& s) { std::string t; for (char c : s) { switch (c) { case 'L': t += "LFRFL-F-RFLFR+F+LFRFL"; break; case 'R': t += "RFLFR+F+LFRFL-F-RFLFR"; break; default: t += c; break; } } return t; } void peano_curve::line(std::ostream& out) { double theta = (3.14159265359 * angle_)/180.0; x_ += length_ * std::cos(theta); y_ += length_ * std::sin(theta); out << " L" << x_ << ',' << y_; } void peano_curve::execute(std::ostream& out, const std::string& s) { out << 'M' << x_ << ',' << y_; for (char c : s) { switch (c) { case 'F': line(out); break; case '+': angle_ = (angle_ + 90) % 360; break; case '-': angle_ = (angle_ - 90) % 360; break; } } } int main() { std::ofstream out("peano_curve.svg"); if (!out) { std::cerr << "Cannot open output file\n"; return 1; } peano_curve pc; pc.write(out, 656, 8, 4); return 0; }
package main import "github.com/fogleman/gg" var points []gg.Point const width = 81 func peano(x, y, lg, i1, i2 int) { if lg == 1 { px := float64(width-x) * 10 py := float64(width-y) * 10 points = append(points, gg.Point{px, py}) return } lg /= 3 peano(x+2*i1*lg, y+2*i1*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+(i1-i2+1)*lg, y+(i1+i2)*lg, lg, i1, 1-i2) peano(x+lg, y+lg, lg, i1, 1-i2) peano(x+(i1+i2)*lg, y+(i1-i2+1)*lg, lg, 1-i1, 1-i2) peano(x+2*i2*lg, y+2*(1-i2)*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+(1+i2-i1)*lg, y+(2-i1-i2)*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+2*(1-i1)*lg, y+2*(1-i1)*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+(2-i1-i2)*lg, y+(1+i2-i1)*lg, lg, 1-i1, i2) peano(x+2*(1-i2)*lg, y+2*i2*lg, lg, 1-i1, i2) } func main() { peano(0, 0, width, 0, 0) dc := gg.NewContext(820, 820) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() for _, p := range points { dc.LineTo(p.X, p.Y) } dc.SetRGB(1, 0, 1) dc.SetLineWidth(1) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("peano.png") }
Convert the following code from C++ to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
template<typename F> class fivetoseven { public: fivetoseven(F f): d5(f), rem(0), max(1) {} int operator()(); private: F d5; int rem, max; }; template<typename F> int fivetoseven<F>::operator()() { while (rem/7 == max/7) { while (max < 7) { int rand5 = d5()-1; max *= 5; rem = 5*rem + rand5; } int groups = max / 7; if (rem >= 7*groups) { rem -= 7*groups; max -= 7*groups; } } int result = rem % 7; rem /= 7; max /= 7; return result+1; } int d5() { return 5.0*std::rand()/(RAND_MAX + 1.0) + 1; } fivetoseven<int(*)()> d7(d5); int main() { srand(time(0)); test_distribution(d5, 1000000, 0.001); test_distribution(d7, 1000000, 0.001); }
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "time" ) func dice5() int { return rand.Intn(5) + 1 } func dice7() (i int) { for { i = 5*dice5() + dice5() if i < 27 { break } } return (i / 3) - 1 } func distCheck(f func() int, n int, repeats int, delta float64) (max float64, flatEnough bool) { count := make([]int, n) for i := 0; i < repeats; i++ { count[f()-1]++ } expected := float64(repeats) / float64(n) for _, c := range count { max = math.Max(max, math.Abs(float64(c)-expected)) } return max, max < delta } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) const calls = 1000000 max, flatEnough := distCheck(dice7, 7, calls, 500) fmt.Println("Max delta:", max, "Flat enough:", flatEnough) max, flatEnough = distCheck(dice7, 7, calls, 500) fmt.Println("Max delta:", max, "Flat enough:", flatEnough) }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C++ version.
#include <array> #include <iostream> #include <vector> std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> connections = { {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {0, 4}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {6, 2}, {6, 3}, {6, 4}, {7, 3}, {7, 4}, {7, 5}, {2, 3}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}, }; std::array<int, 8> pegs; int num = 0; void printSolution() { std::cout << "----- " << num++ << " -----\n"; std::cout << " " << pegs[0] << ' ' << pegs[1] << '\n'; std::cout << pegs[2] << ' ' << pegs[3] << ' ' << pegs[4] << ' ' << pegs[5] << '\n'; std::cout << " " << pegs[6] << ' ' << pegs[7] << '\n'; std::cout << '\n'; } bool valid() { for (size_t i = 0; i < connections.size(); i++) { if (abs(pegs[connections[i].first] - pegs[connections[i].second]) == 1) { return false; } } return true; } void solution(int le, int ri) { if (le == ri) { if (valid()) { printSolution(); } } else { for (size_t i = le; i <= ri; i++) { std::swap(pegs[le], pegs[i]); solution(le + 1, ri); std::swap(pegs[le], pegs[i]); } } } int main() { pegs = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }; solution(0, pegs.size() - 1); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { p, tests, swaps := Solution() fmt.Println(p) fmt.Println("Tested", tests, "positions and did", swaps, "swaps.") } const conn = ` A B /|\ /|\ / | X | \ / |/ \| \ C - D - E - F \ |\ /| / \ | X | / \|/ \|/ G H` var connections = []struct{ a, b int }{ {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {0, 4}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {6, 2}, {6, 3}, {6, 4}, {7, 3}, {7, 4}, {7, 5}, {2, 3}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}, } type pegs [8]int func (p *pegs) Valid() bool { for _, c := range connections { if absdiff(p[c.a], p[c.b]) <= 1 { return false } } return true } func Solution() (p *pegs, tests, swaps int) { var recurse func(int) bool recurse = func(i int) bool { if i >= len(p)-1 { tests++ return p.Valid() } for j := i; j < len(p); j++ { swaps++ p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] if recurse(i + 1) { return true } p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] } return false } p = &pegs{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} recurse(0) return } func (p *pegs) String() string { return strings.Map(func(r rune) rune { if 'A' <= r && r <= 'H' { return rune(p[r-'A'] + '0') } return r }, conn) } func absdiff(a, b int) int { if a > b { return a - b } return b - a }
Convert the following code from C++ to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> bool is_prime(unsigned int n) { if (n < 2) return false; if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3; for (unsigned int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) { if (n % p == 0) return false; p += 2; if (n % p == 0) return false; } return true; } bool is_magnanimous(unsigned int n) { for (unsigned int p = 10; n >= p; p *= 10) { if (!is_prime(n % p + n / p)) return false; } return true; } int main() { unsigned int count = 0, n = 0; std::cout << "First 45 magnanimous numbers:\n"; for (; count < 45; ++n) { if (is_magnanimous(n)) { if (count > 0) std::cout << (count % 15 == 0 ? "\n" : ", "); std::cout << std::setw(3) << n; ++count; } } std::cout << "\n\n241st through 250th magnanimous numbers:\n"; for (unsigned int i = 0; count < 250; ++n) { if (is_magnanimous(n)) { if (count++ >= 240) { if (i++ > 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << n; } } } std::cout << "\n\n391st through 400th magnanimous numbers:\n"; for (unsigned int i = 0; count < 400; ++n) { if (is_magnanimous(n)) { if (count++ >= 390) { if (i++ > 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << n; } } } std::cout << '\n'; return 0; }
package main import "fmt" func isPrime(n uint64) bool { switch { case n < 2: return false case n%2 == 0: return n == 2 case n%3 == 0: return n == 3 default: d := uint64(5) for d*d <= n { if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 2 if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 4 } return true } } func ord(n int) string { m := n % 100 if m >= 4 && m <= 20 { return fmt.Sprintf("%dth", n) } m %= 10 suffix := "th" if m < 4 { switch m { case 1: suffix = "st" case 2: suffix = "nd" case 3: suffix = "rd" } } return fmt.Sprintf("%d%s", n, suffix) } func isMagnanimous(n uint64) bool { if n < 10 { return true } for p := uint64(10); ; p *= 10 { q := n / p r := n % p if !isPrime(q + r) { return false } if q < 10 { break } } return true } func listMags(from, thru, digs, perLine int) { if from < 2 { fmt.Println("\nFirst", thru, "magnanimous numbers:") } else { fmt.Printf("\n%s through %s magnanimous numbers:\n", ord(from), ord(thru)) } for i, c := uint64(0), 0; c < thru; i++ { if isMagnanimous(i) { c++ if c >= from { fmt.Printf("%*d ", digs, i) if c%perLine == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } } } func main() { listMags(1, 45, 3, 15) listMags(241, 250, 1, 10) listMags(391, 400, 1, 10) }
Port the provided C++ code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
#include <iostream> #include <cstdint> #include <queue> #include <utility> #include <vector> #include <limits> template<typename integer> class prime_generator { public: integer next_prime(); integer count() const { return count_; } private: struct queue_item { queue_item(integer prime, integer multiple, unsigned int wheel_index) : prime_(prime), multiple_(multiple), wheel_index_(wheel_index) {} integer prime_; integer multiple_; unsigned int wheel_index_; }; struct cmp { bool operator()(const queue_item& a, const queue_item& b) const { return a.multiple_ > b.multiple_; } }; static integer wheel_next(unsigned int& index) { integer offset = wheel_[index]; ++index; if (index == std::size(wheel_)) index = 0; return offset; } typedef std::priority_queue<queue_item, std::vector<queue_item>, cmp> queue; integer next_ = 11; integer count_ = 0; queue queue_; unsigned int wheel_index_ = 0; static const unsigned int wheel_[]; static const integer primes_[]; }; template<typename integer> const unsigned int prime_generator<integer>::wheel_[] = { 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 6, 4, 6, 8, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 8, 6, 4, 6, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 10, 2, 10 }; template<typename integer> const integer prime_generator<integer>::primes_[] = { 2, 3, 5, 7 }; template<typename integer> integer prime_generator<integer>::next_prime() { if (count_ < std::size(primes_)) return primes_[count_++]; integer n = next_; integer prev = 0; while (!queue_.empty()) { queue_item item = queue_.top(); if (prev != 0 && prev != item.multiple_) n += wheel_next(wheel_index_); if (item.multiple_ > n) break; else if (item.multiple_ == n) { queue_.pop(); queue_item new_item(item); new_item.multiple_ += new_item.prime_ * wheel_next(new_item.wheel_index_); queue_.push(new_item); } else throw std::overflow_error("prime_generator: overflow!"); prev = item.multiple_; } if (std::numeric_limits<integer>::max()/n > n) queue_.emplace(n, n * n, wheel_index_); next_ = n + wheel_next(wheel_index_); ++count_; return n; } int main() { typedef uint32_t integer; prime_generator<integer> pgen; std::cout << "First 20 primes:\n"; for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) { integer p = pgen.next_prime(); if (i != 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << p; } std::cout << "\nPrimes between 100 and 150:\n"; for (int n = 0; ; ) { integer p = pgen.next_prime(); if (p > 150) break; if (p >= 100) { if (n != 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << p; ++n; } } int count = 0; for (;;) { integer p = pgen.next_prime(); if (p > 8000) break; if (p >= 7700) ++count; } std::cout << "\nNumber of primes between 7700 and 8000: " << count << '\n'; for (integer n = 10000; n <= 10000000; n *= 10) { integer prime; while (pgen.count() != n) prime = pgen.next_prime(); std::cout << n << "th prime: " << prime << '\n'; } return 0; }
package main import ( "container/heap" "fmt" ) func main() { p := newP() fmt.Print("First twenty: ") for i := 0; i < 20; i++ { fmt.Print(p(), " ") } fmt.Print("\nBetween 100 and 150: ") n := p() for n <= 100 { n = p() } for ; n < 150; n = p() { fmt.Print(n, " ") } for n <= 7700 { n = p() } c := 0 for ; n < 8000; n = p() { c++ } fmt.Println("\nNumber beween 7,700 and 8,000:", c) p = newP() for i := 1; i < 10000; i++ { p() } fmt.Println("10,000th prime:", p()) } func newP() func() int { n := 1 var pq pQueue top := &pMult{2, 4, 0} return func() int { for { n++ if n < top.pMult { heap.Push(&pq, &pMult{prime: n, pMult: n * n}) top = pq[0] return n } for top.pMult == n { top.pMult += top.prime heap.Fix(&pq, 0) top = pq[0] } } } } type pMult struct { prime int pMult int index int } type pQueue []*pMult func (q pQueue) Len() int { return len(q) } func (q pQueue) Less(i, j int) bool { return q[i].pMult < q[j].pMult } func (q pQueue) Swap(i, j int) { q[i], q[j] = q[j], q[i] q[i].index = i q[j].index = j } func (p *pQueue) Push(x interface{}) { q := *p e := x.(*pMult) e.index = len(q) *p = append(q, e) } func (p *pQueue) Pop() interface{} { q := *p last := len(q) - 1 e := q[last] *p = q[:last] return e }
Transform the following C++ implementation into Go, maintaining the same output and logic.
#include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; enum choices { ROCK, SPOCK, PAPER, LIZARD, SCISSORS, MX_C }; enum indexes { PLAYER, COMPUTER, DRAW }; class stats { public: stats() : _draw( 0 ) { ZeroMemory( _moves, sizeof( _moves ) ); ZeroMemory( _win, sizeof( _win ) ); } void draw() { _draw++; } void win( int p ) { _win[p]++; } void move( int p, int m ) { _moves[p][m]++; } int getMove( int p, int m ) { return _moves[p][m]; } string format( int a ) { char t[32]; wsprintf( t, "%.3d", a ); string d( t ); return d; } void print() { string d = format( _draw ), pw = format( _win[PLAYER] ), cw = format( _win[COMPUTER] ), pr = format( _moves[PLAYER][ROCK] ), cr = format( _moves[COMPUTER][ROCK] ), pp = format( _moves[PLAYER][PAPER] ), cp = format( _moves[COMPUTER][PAPER] ), ps = format( _moves[PLAYER][SCISSORS] ), cs = format( _moves[COMPUTER][SCISSORS] ), pl = format( _moves[PLAYER][LIZARD] ), cl = format( _moves[COMPUTER][LIZARD] ), pk = format( _moves[PLAYER][SPOCK] ), ck = format( _moves[COMPUTER][SPOCK] ); system( "cls" ); cout << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+--------+--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << "| | WON | DRAW | ROCK | PAPER | SCISSORS | LIZARD | SPOCK |" << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+--------+--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << "| PLAYER | " << pw << " | | " << pr << " | " << pp << " | " << ps << " | " << pl << " | " << pk << " |" << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+ " << d << " +--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << "| COMPUTER | " << cw << " | | " << cr << " | " << cp << " | " << cs << " | " << cl << " | " << ck << " |" << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+--------+--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << endl << endl; system( "pause" ); } private: int _moves[2][MX_C], _win[2], _draw; }; class rps { private: int makeMove() { int total = 0, r, s; for( int i = 0; i < MX_C; total += statistics.getMove( PLAYER, i++ ) ); r = rand() % total; for( int i = ROCK; i < SCISSORS; i++ ) { s = statistics.getMove( PLAYER, i ); if( r < s ) return ( i + 1 ); r -= s; } return ROCK; } void printMove( int p, int m ) { if( p == COMPUTER ) cout << "My move: "; else cout << "Your move: "; switch( m ) { case ROCK: cout << "ROCK\n"; break; case PAPER: cout << "PAPER\n"; break; case SCISSORS: cout << "SCISSORS\n"; break; case LIZARD: cout << "LIZARD\n"; break; case SPOCK: cout << "SPOCK\n"; } } public: rps() { checker[ROCK][ROCK] = 2; checker[ROCK][PAPER] = 1; checker[ROCK][SCISSORS] = 0; checker[ROCK][LIZARD] = 0; checker[ROCK][SPOCK] = 1; checker[PAPER][ROCK] = 0; checker[PAPER][PAPER] = 2; checker[PAPER][SCISSORS] = 1; checker[PAPER][LIZARD] = 1; checker[PAPER][SPOCK] = 0; checker[SCISSORS][ROCK] = 1; checker[SCISSORS][PAPER] = 0; checker[SCISSORS][SCISSORS] = 2; checker[SCISSORS][LIZARD] = 0; checker[SCISSORS][SPOCK] = 1; checker[LIZARD][ROCK] = 1; checker[LIZARD][PAPER] = 0; checker[LIZARD][SCISSORS] = 1; checker[LIZARD][LIZARD] = 2; checker[LIZARD][SPOCK] = 0; checker[SPOCK][ROCK] = 0; checker[SPOCK][PAPER] = 1; checker[SPOCK][SCISSORS] = 0; checker[SPOCK][LIZARD] = 1; checker[SPOCK][SPOCK] = 2; } void play() { int p, r, m; while( true ) { cout << "What is your move (1)ROCK (2)SPOCK (3)PAPER (4)LIZARD (5)SCISSORS (0)Quit ? "; cin >> p; if( !p || p < 0 ) break; if( p > 0 && p < 6 ) { p--; cout << endl; printMove( PLAYER, p ); statistics.move( PLAYER, p ); m = makeMove(); statistics.move( COMPUTER, m ); printMove( COMPUTER, m ); r = checker[p][m]; switch( r ) { case DRAW: cout << endl << "DRAW!" << endl << endl; statistics.draw(); break; case COMPUTER: cout << endl << "I WIN!" << endl << endl; statistics.win( COMPUTER ); break; case PLAYER: cout << endl << "YOU WIN!" << endl << endl; statistics.win( PLAYER ); } system( "pause" ); } system( "cls" ); } statistics.print(); } private: stats statistics; int checker[MX_C][MX_C]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( GetTickCount() ); rps game; game.play(); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "strings" "time" ) const rps = "rps" var msg = []string{ "Rock breaks scissors", "Paper covers rock", "Scissors cut paper", } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) fmt.Println("Rock Paper Scissors") fmt.Println("Enter r, p, or s as your play. Anything else ends the game.") fmt.Println("Running score shown as <your wins>:<my wins>") var pi string var aScore, pScore int sl := 3 pcf := make([]int, 3) var plays int aChoice := rand.Intn(3) for { fmt.Print("Play: ") _, err := fmt.Scanln(&pi) if err != nil || len(pi) != 1 { break } pChoice := strings.Index(rps, pi) if pChoice < 0 { break } pcf[pChoice]++ plays++ fmt.Printf("My play:%s%c. ", strings.Repeat(" ", sl-2), rps[aChoice]) switch (aChoice - pChoice + 3) % 3 { case 0: fmt.Println("Tie.") case 1: fmt.Printf("%s. My point.\n", msg[aChoice]) aScore++ case 2: fmt.Printf("%s. Your point.\n", msg[pChoice]) pScore++ } sl, _ = fmt.Printf("%d:%d ", pScore, aScore) switch rn := rand.Intn(plays); { case rn < pcf[0]: aChoice = 1 case rn < pcf[0]+pcf[1]: aChoice = 2 default: aChoice = 0 } } }
Translate the given C++ code snippet into Go without altering its behavior.
#include <iostream> int main() { int dim1, dim2; std::cin >> dim1 >> dim2; double* array_data = new double[dim1*dim2]; double** array = new double*[dim1]; for (int i = 0; i < dim1; ++i) array[i] = array_data + dim2*i; array[0][0] = 3.5; std::cout << array[0][0] << std::endl; delete[] array; delete[] array_data; return 0; }
package main import "fmt" func main() { var row, col int fmt.Print("enter rows cols: ") fmt.Scan(&row, &col) a := make([][]int, row) for i := range a { a[i] = make([]int, col) } fmt.Println("a[0][0] =", a[0][0]) a[row-1][col-1] = 7 fmt.Printf("a[%d][%d] = %d\n", row-1, col-1, a[row-1][col-1]) a = nil }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to Go.
#include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> #include <execution> template<typename _Ty> _Ty mulInv(_Ty a, _Ty b) { _Ty b0 = b; _Ty x0 = 0; _Ty x1 = 1; if (b == 1) { return 1; } while (a > 1) { _Ty q = a / b; _Ty amb = a % b; a = b; b = amb; _Ty xqx = x1 - q * x0; x1 = x0; x0 = xqx; } if (x1 < 0) { x1 += b0; } return x1; } template<typename _Ty> _Ty chineseRemainder(std::vector<_Ty> n, std::vector<_Ty> a) { _Ty prod = std::reduce(std::execution::seq, n.begin(), n.end(), (_Ty)1, [](_Ty a, _Ty b) { return a * b; }); _Ty sm = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n.size(); i++) { _Ty p = prod / n[i]; sm += a[i] * mulInv(p, n[i]) * p; } return sm % prod; } int main() { vector<int> n = { 3, 5, 7 }; vector<int> a = { 2, 3, 2 }; cout << chineseRemainder(n,a) << endl; return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) func crt(a, n []*big.Int) (*big.Int, error) { p := new(big.Int).Set(n[0]) for _, n1 := range n[1:] { p.Mul(p, n1) } var x, q, s, z big.Int for i, n1 := range n { q.Div(p, n1) z.GCD(nil, &s, n1, &q) if z.Cmp(one) != 0 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("%d not coprime", n1) } x.Add(&x, s.Mul(a[i], s.Mul(&s, &q))) } return x.Mod(&x, p), nil } func main() { n := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(5), big.NewInt(7), } a := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(2), } fmt.Println(crt(a, n)) }
Produce a functionally identical Go code for the snippet given in C++.
#include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> #include <execution> template<typename _Ty> _Ty mulInv(_Ty a, _Ty b) { _Ty b0 = b; _Ty x0 = 0; _Ty x1 = 1; if (b == 1) { return 1; } while (a > 1) { _Ty q = a / b; _Ty amb = a % b; a = b; b = amb; _Ty xqx = x1 - q * x0; x1 = x0; x0 = xqx; } if (x1 < 0) { x1 += b0; } return x1; } template<typename _Ty> _Ty chineseRemainder(std::vector<_Ty> n, std::vector<_Ty> a) { _Ty prod = std::reduce(std::execution::seq, n.begin(), n.end(), (_Ty)1, [](_Ty a, _Ty b) { return a * b; }); _Ty sm = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n.size(); i++) { _Ty p = prod / n[i]; sm += a[i] * mulInv(p, n[i]) * p; } return sm % prod; } int main() { vector<int> n = { 3, 5, 7 }; vector<int> a = { 2, 3, 2 }; cout << chineseRemainder(n,a) << endl; return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) func crt(a, n []*big.Int) (*big.Int, error) { p := new(big.Int).Set(n[0]) for _, n1 := range n[1:] { p.Mul(p, n1) } var x, q, s, z big.Int for i, n1 := range n { q.Div(p, n1) z.GCD(nil, &s, n1, &q) if z.Cmp(one) != 0 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("%d not coprime", n1) } x.Add(&x, s.Mul(a[i], s.Mul(&s, &q))) } return x.Mod(&x, p), nil } func main() { n := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(5), big.NewInt(7), } a := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(2), } fmt.Println(crt(a, n)) }
Translate the given C++ code snippet into Go without altering its behavior.
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <map> #include <algorithm> #include <array> using namespace std; typedef array<pair<char, double>, 26> FreqArray; class VigenereAnalyser { private: array<double, 26> targets; array<double, 26> sortedTargets; FreqArray freq; FreqArray& frequency(const string& input) { for (char c = 'A'; c <= 'Z'; ++c) freq[c - 'A'] = make_pair(c, 0); for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) freq[input[i] - 'A'].second++; return freq; } double correlation(const string& input) { double result = 0.0; frequency(input); sort(freq.begin(), freq.end(), [](pair<char, double> u, pair<char, double> v)->bool { return u.second < v.second; }); for (size_t i = 0; i < 26; ++i) result += freq[i].second * sortedTargets[i]; return result; } public: VigenereAnalyser(const array<double, 26>& targetFreqs) { targets = targetFreqs; sortedTargets = targets; sort(sortedTargets.begin(), sortedTargets.end()); } pair<string, string> analyze(string input) { string cleaned; for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) { if (input[i] >= 'A' && input[i] <= 'Z') cleaned += input[i]; else if (input[i] >= 'a' && input[i] <= 'z') cleaned += input[i] + 'A' - 'a'; } size_t bestLength = 0; double bestCorr = -100.0; for (size_t i = 2; i < cleaned.size() / 20; ++i) { vector<string> pieces(i); for (size_t j = 0; j < cleaned.size(); ++j) pieces[j % i] += cleaned[j]; double corr = -0.5*i; for (size_t j = 0; j < i; ++j) corr += correlation(pieces[j]); if (corr > bestCorr) { bestLength = i; bestCorr = corr; } } if (bestLength == 0) return make_pair("Text is too short to analyze", ""); vector<string> pieces(bestLength); for (size_t i = 0; i < cleaned.size(); ++i) pieces[i % bestLength] += cleaned[i]; vector<FreqArray> freqs; for (size_t i = 0; i < bestLength; ++i) freqs.push_back(frequency(pieces[i])); string key = ""; for (size_t i = 0; i < bestLength; ++i) { sort(freqs[i].begin(), freqs[i].end(), [](pair<char, double> u, pair<char, double> v)->bool { return u.second > v.second; }); size_t m = 0; double mCorr = 0.0; for (size_t j = 0; j < 26; ++j) { double corr = 0.0; char c = 'A' + j; for (size_t k = 0; k < 26; ++k) { int d = (freqs[i][k].first - c + 26) % 26; corr += freqs[i][k].second * targets[d]; } if (corr > mCorr) { m = j; mCorr = corr; } } key += m + 'A'; } string result = ""; for (size_t i = 0; i < cleaned.size(); ++i) result += (cleaned[i] - key[i % key.length()] + 26) % 26 + 'A'; return make_pair(result, key); } }; int main() { string input = "MOMUD EKAPV TQEFM OEVHP AJMII CDCTI FGYAG JSPXY ALUYM NSMYH" "VUXJE LEPXJ FXGCM JHKDZ RYICU HYPUS PGIGM OIYHF WHTCQ KMLRD" "ITLXZ LJFVQ GHOLW CUHLO MDSOE KTALU VYLNZ RFGBX PHVGA LWQIS" "FGRPH JOOFW GUBYI LAPLA LCAFA AMKLG CETDW VOELJ IKGJB XPHVG" "ALWQC SNWBU BYHCU HKOCE XJEYK BQKVY KIIEH GRLGH XEOLW AWFOJ" "ILOVV RHPKD WIHKN ATUHN VRYAQ DIVHX FHRZV QWMWV LGSHN NLVZS" "JLAKI FHXUF XJLXM TBLQV RXXHR FZXGV LRAJI EXPRV OSMNP KEPDT" "LPRWM JAZPK LQUZA ALGZX GVLKL GJTUI ITDSU REZXJ ERXZS HMPST" "MTEOE PAPJH SMFNB YVQUZ AALGA YDNMP AQOWT UHDBV TSMUE UIMVH" "QGVRW AEFSP EMPVE PKXZY WLKJA GWALT VYYOB YIXOK IHPDS EVLEV" "RVSGB JOGYW FHKBL GLXYA MVKIS KIEHY IMAPX UOISK PVAGN MZHPW" "TTZPV XFCCD TUHJH WLAPF YULTB UXJLN SIJVV YOVDJ SOLXG TGRVO" "SFRII CTMKO JFCQF KTINQ BWVHG TENLH HOGCS PSFPV GJOKM SIFPR" "ZPAAS ATPTZ FTPPD PORRF TAXZP KALQA WMIUD BWNCT LEFKO ZQDLX" "BUXJL ASIMR PNMBF ZCYLV WAPVF QRHZV ZGZEF KBYIO OFXYE VOWGB" "BXVCB XBAWG LQKCM ICRRX MACUO IKHQU AJEGL OIJHH XPVZW JEWBA" "FWAML ZZRXJ EKAHV FASMU LVVUT TGK"; array<double, 26> english = { 0.08167, 0.01492, 0.02782, 0.04253, 0.12702, 0.02228, 0.02015, 0.06094, 0.06966, 0.00153, 0.00772, 0.04025, 0.02406, 0.06749, 0.07507, 0.01929, 0.00095, 0.05987, 0.06327, 0.09056, 0.02758, 0.00978, 0.02360, 0.00150, 0.01974, 0.00074}; VigenereAnalyser va(english); pair<string, string> output = va.analyze(input); cout << "Key: " << output.second << endl << endl; cout << "Text: " << output.first << endl; }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var encoded = "MOMUD EKAPV TQEFM OEVHP AJMII CDCTI FGYAG JSPXY ALUYM NSMYH" + "VUXJE LEPXJ FXGCM JHKDZ RYICU HYPUS PGIGM OIYHF WHTCQ KMLRD" + "ITLXZ LJFVQ GHOLW CUHLO MDSOE KTALU VYLNZ RFGBX PHVGA LWQIS" + "FGRPH JOOFW GUBYI LAPLA LCAFA AMKLG CETDW VOELJ IKGJB XPHVG" + "ALWQC SNWBU BYHCU HKOCE XJEYK BQKVY KIIEH GRLGH XEOLW AWFOJ" + "ILOVV RHPKD WIHKN ATUHN VRYAQ DIVHX FHRZV QWMWV LGSHN NLVZS" + "JLAKI FHXUF XJLXM TBLQV RXXHR FZXGV LRAJI EXPRV OSMNP KEPDT" + "LPRWM JAZPK LQUZA ALGZX GVLKL GJTUI ITDSU REZXJ ERXZS HMPST" + "MTEOE PAPJH SMFNB YVQUZ AALGA YDNMP AQOWT UHDBV TSMUE UIMVH" + "QGVRW AEFSP EMPVE PKXZY WLKJA GWALT VYYOB YIXOK IHPDS EVLEV" + "RVSGB JOGYW FHKBL GLXYA MVKIS KIEHY IMAPX UOISK PVAGN MZHPW" + "TTZPV XFCCD TUHJH WLAPF YULTB UXJLN SIJVV YOVDJ SOLXG TGRVO" + "SFRII CTMKO JFCQF KTINQ BWVHG TENLH HOGCS PSFPV GJOKM SIFPR" + "ZPAAS ATPTZ FTPPD PORRF TAXZP KALQA WMIUD BWNCT LEFKO ZQDLX" + "BUXJL ASIMR PNMBF ZCYLV WAPVF QRHZV ZGZEF KBYIO OFXYE VOWGB" + "BXVCB XBAWG LQKCM ICRRX MACUO IKHQU AJEGL OIJHH XPVZW JEWBA" + "FWAML ZZRXJ EKAHV FASMU LVVUT TGK" var freq = [26]float64{ 0.08167, 0.01492, 0.02782, 0.04253, 0.12702, 0.02228, 0.02015, 0.06094, 0.06966, 0.00153, 0.00772, 0.04025, 0.02406, 0.06749, 0.07507, 0.01929, 0.00095, 0.05987, 0.06327, 0.09056, 0.02758, 0.00978, 0.02360, 0.00150, 0.01974, 0.00074, } func sum(a []float64) (sum float64) { for _, f := range a { sum += f } return } func bestMatch(a []float64) int { sum := sum(a) bestFit, bestRotate := 1e100, 0 for rotate := 0; rotate < 26; rotate++ { fit := 0.0 for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { d := a[(i+rotate)%26]/sum - freq[i] fit += d * d / freq[i] } if fit < bestFit { bestFit, bestRotate = fit, rotate } } return bestRotate } func freqEveryNth(msg []int, key []byte) float64 { l := len(msg) interval := len(key) out := make([]float64, 26) accu := make([]float64, 26) for j := 0; j < interval; j++ { for k := 0; k < 26; k++ { out[k] = 0.0 } for i := j; i < l; i += interval { out[msg[i]]++ } rot := bestMatch(out) key[j] = byte(rot + 65) for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { accu[i] += out[(i+rot)%26] } } sum := sum(accu) ret := 0.0 for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { d := accu[i]/sum - freq[i] ret += d * d / freq[i] } return ret } func decrypt(text, key string) string { var sb strings.Builder ki := 0 for _, c := range text { if c < 'A' || c > 'Z' { continue } ci := (c - rune(key[ki]) + 26) % 26 sb.WriteRune(ci + 65) ki = (ki + 1) % len(key) } return sb.String() } func main() { enc := strings.Replace(encoded, " ", "", -1) txt := make([]int, len(enc)) for i := 0; i < len(txt); i++ { txt[i] = int(enc[i] - 'A') } bestFit, bestKey := 1e100, "" fmt.Println(" Fit Length Key") for j := 1; j <= 26; j++ { key := make([]byte, j) fit := freqEveryNth(txt, key) sKey := string(key) fmt.Printf("%f %2d %s", fit, j, sKey) if fit < bestFit { bestFit, bestKey = fit, sKey fmt.Print(" <--- best so far") } fmt.Println() } fmt.Println("\nBest key :", bestKey) fmt.Printf("\nDecrypted text:\n%s\n", decrypt(enc, bestKey)) }
Change the following C++ code into Go without altering its purpose.
#include <iostream> #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp> using namespace boost::multiprecision; class Gospers { cpp_int q, r, t, i, n; public: Gospers() : q{1}, r{0}, t{1}, i{1} { ++*this; } Gospers& operator++() { n = (q*(27*i-12)+5*r) / (5*t); while(n != (q*(675*i-216)+125*r)/(125*t)) { r = 3*(3*i+1)*(3*i+2)*((5*i-2)*q+r); q = i*(2*i-1)*q; t = 3*(3*i+1)*(3*i+2)*t; i++; n = (q*(27*i-12)+5*r) / (5*t); } q = 10*q; r = 10*r-10*n*t; return *this; } int operator*() { return (int)n; } }; int main() { Gospers g; std::cout << *g << "."; for(;;) { std::cout << *++g; } }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) type lft struct { q,r,s,t big.Int } func (t *lft) extr(x *big.Int) *big.Rat { var n, d big.Int var r big.Rat return r.SetFrac( n.Add(n.Mul(&t.q, x), &t.r), d.Add(d.Mul(&t.s, x), &t.t)) } var three = big.NewInt(3) var four = big.NewInt(4) func (t *lft) next() *big.Int { r := t.extr(three) var f big.Int return f.Div(r.Num(), r.Denom()) } func (t *lft) safe(n *big.Int) bool { r := t.extr(four) var f big.Int if n.Cmp(f.Div(r.Num(), r.Denom())) == 0 { return true } return false } func (t *lft) comp(u *lft) *lft { var r lft var a, b big.Int r.q.Add(a.Mul(&t.q, &u.q), b.Mul(&t.r, &u.s)) r.r.Add(a.Mul(&t.q, &u.r), b.Mul(&t.r, &u.t)) r.s.Add(a.Mul(&t.s, &u.q), b.Mul(&t.t, &u.s)) r.t.Add(a.Mul(&t.s, &u.r), b.Mul(&t.t, &u.t)) return &r } func (t *lft) prod(n *big.Int) *lft { var r lft r.q.SetInt64(10) r.r.Mul(r.r.SetInt64(-10), n) r.t.SetInt64(1) return r.comp(t) } func main() { z := new(lft) z.q.SetInt64(1) z.t.SetInt64(1) var k int64 lfts := func() *lft { k++ r := new(lft) r.q.SetInt64(k) r.r.SetInt64(4*k+2) r.t.SetInt64(2*k+1) return r } for { y := z.next() if z.safe(y) { fmt.Print(y) z = z.prod(y) } else { z = z.comp(lfts()) } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in Go.
#include <iostream> int main() { const int size = 100000; int hofstadters[size] = { 1, 1 }; for (int i = 3 ; i < size; i++) hofstadters[ i - 1 ] = hofstadters[ i - 1 - hofstadters[ i - 1 - 1 ]] + hofstadters[ i - 1 - hofstadters[ i - 2 - 1 ]]; std::cout << "The first 10 numbers are: "; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) std::cout << hofstadters[ i ] << ' '; std::cout << std::endl << "The 1000'th term is " << hofstadters[ 999 ] << " !" << std::endl; int less_than_preceding = 0; for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) if (hofstadters[ i + 1 ] < hofstadters[ i ]) less_than_preceding++; std::cout << "In array of size: " << size << ", "; std::cout << less_than_preceding << " times a number was preceded by a greater number!" << std::endl; return 0; }
package main import "fmt" var m map[int]int func initMap() { m = make(map[int]int) m[1] = 1 m[2] = 1 } func q(n int) (r int) { if r = m[n]; r == 0 { r = q(n-q(n-1)) + q(n-q(n-2)) m[n] = r } return } func main() { initMap() for n := 1; n <= 10; n++ { showQ(n) } showQ(1000) count, p := 0, 1 for n := 2; n <= 1e5; n++ { qn := q(n) if qn < p { count++ } p = qn } fmt.Println("count:", count) initMap() showQ(1e6) } func showQ(n int) { fmt.Printf("Q(%d) = %d\n", n, q(n)) }
Change the following C++ code into Go without altering its purpose.
#include <iostream> int main() { const int size = 100000; int hofstadters[size] = { 1, 1 }; for (int i = 3 ; i < size; i++) hofstadters[ i - 1 ] = hofstadters[ i - 1 - hofstadters[ i - 1 - 1 ]] + hofstadters[ i - 1 - hofstadters[ i - 2 - 1 ]]; std::cout << "The first 10 numbers are: "; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) std::cout << hofstadters[ i ] << ' '; std::cout << std::endl << "The 1000'th term is " << hofstadters[ 999 ] << " !" << std::endl; int less_than_preceding = 0; for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) if (hofstadters[ i + 1 ] < hofstadters[ i ]) less_than_preceding++; std::cout << "In array of size: " << size << ", "; std::cout << less_than_preceding << " times a number was preceded by a greater number!" << std::endl; return 0; }
package main import "fmt" var m map[int]int func initMap() { m = make(map[int]int) m[1] = 1 m[2] = 1 } func q(n int) (r int) { if r = m[n]; r == 0 { r = q(n-q(n-1)) + q(n-q(n-2)) m[n] = r } return } func main() { initMap() for n := 1; n <= 10; n++ { showQ(n) } showQ(1000) count, p := 0, 1 for n := 2; n <= 1e5; n++ { qn := q(n) if qn < p { count++ } p = qn } fmt.Println("count:", count) initMap() showQ(1e6) } func showQ(n int) { fmt.Printf("Q(%d) = %d\n", n, q(n)) }
Write a version of this C++ function in Go with identical behavior.
#include <iostream> #include <functional> template <typename F> struct RecursiveFunc { std::function<F(RecursiveFunc)> o; }; template <typename A, typename B> std::function<B(A)> Y (std::function<std::function<B(A)>(std::function<B(A)>)> f) { RecursiveFunc<std::function<B(A)>> r = { std::function<std::function<B(A)>(RecursiveFunc<std::function<B(A)>>)>([f](RecursiveFunc<std::function<B(A)>> w) { return f(std::function<B(A)>([w](A x) { return w.o(w)(x); })); }) }; return r.o(r); } typedef std::function<int(int)> Func; typedef std::function<Func(Func)> FuncFunc; FuncFunc almost_fac = [](Func f) { return Func([f](int n) { if (n <= 1) return 1; return n * f(n - 1); }); }; FuncFunc almost_fib = [](Func f) { return Func([f](int n) { if (n <= 2) return 1; return f(n - 1) + f(n - 2); }); }; int main() { auto fib = Y(almost_fib); auto fac = Y(almost_fac); std::cout << "fib(10) = " << fib(10) << std::endl; std::cout << "fac(10) = " << fac(10) << std::endl; return 0; }
package main import "fmt" type Func func(int) int type FuncFunc func(Func) Func type RecursiveFunc func (RecursiveFunc) Func func main() { fac := Y(almost_fac) fib := Y(almost_fib) fmt.Println("fac(10) = ", fac(10)) fmt.Println("fib(10) = ", fib(10)) } func Y(f FuncFunc) Func { g := func(r RecursiveFunc) Func { return f(func(x int) int { return r(r)(x) }) } return g(g) } func almost_fac(f Func) Func { return func(x int) int { if x <= 1 { return 1 } return x * f(x-1) } } func almost_fib(f Func) Func { return func(x int) int { if x <= 2 { return 1 } return f(x-1)+f(x-2) } }
Port the following code from C++ to Go with equivalent syntax and logic.
#include <algorithm> #include <array> #include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <tuple> std::tuple<int, int> minmax(const int * numbers, const std::size_t num) { const auto maximum = std::max_element(numbers, numbers + num); const auto minimum = std::min_element(numbers, numbers + num); return std::make_tuple(*minimum, *maximum) ; } int main( ) { const auto numbers = std::array<int, 8>{{17, 88, 9, 33, 4, 987, -10, 2}}; int min{}; int max{}; std::tie(min, max) = minmax(numbers.data(), numbers.size()); std::cout << "The smallest number is " << min << ", the biggest " << max << "!\n" ; }
func addsub(x, y int) (int, int) { return x + y, x - y }
Generate an equivalent Go version of this C++ code.
#include <iostream> #include <map> class van_eck_generator { public: int next() { int result = last_term; auto iter = last_pos.find(last_term); int next_term = (iter != last_pos.end()) ? index - iter->second : 0; last_pos[last_term] = index; last_term = next_term; ++index; return result; } private: int index = 0; int last_term = 0; std::map<int, int> last_pos; }; int main() { van_eck_generator gen; int i = 0; std::cout << "First 10 terms of the Van Eck sequence:\n"; for (; i < 10; ++i) std::cout << gen.next() << ' '; for (; i < 990; ++i) gen.next(); std::cout << "\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence:\n"; for (; i < 1000; ++i) std::cout << gen.next() << ' '; std::cout << '\n'; return 0; }
package main import "fmt" func main() { const max = 1000 a := make([]int, max) for n := 0; n < max-1; n++ { for m := n - 1; m >= 0; m-- { if a[m] == a[n] { a[n+1] = n - m break } } } fmt.Println("The first ten terms of the Van Eck sequence are:") fmt.Println(a[:10]) fmt.Println("\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence are:") fmt.Println(a[990:]) }
Write the same code in Go as shown below in C++.
#include <iostream> #include <map> class van_eck_generator { public: int next() { int result = last_term; auto iter = last_pos.find(last_term); int next_term = (iter != last_pos.end()) ? index - iter->second : 0; last_pos[last_term] = index; last_term = next_term; ++index; return result; } private: int index = 0; int last_term = 0; std::map<int, int> last_pos; }; int main() { van_eck_generator gen; int i = 0; std::cout << "First 10 terms of the Van Eck sequence:\n"; for (; i < 10; ++i) std::cout << gen.next() << ' '; for (; i < 990; ++i) gen.next(); std::cout << "\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence:\n"; for (; i < 1000; ++i) std::cout << gen.next() << ' '; std::cout << '\n'; return 0; }
package main import "fmt" func main() { const max = 1000 a := make([]int, max) for n := 0; n < max-1; n++ { for m := n - 1; m >= 0; m-- { if a[m] == a[n] { a[n+1] = n - m break } } } fmt.Println("The first ten terms of the Van Eck sequence are:") fmt.Println(a[:10]) fmt.Println("\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence are:") fmt.Println(a[990:]) }
Write the same code in Go as shown below in C++.
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstring> #include <fstream> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <ftplib.h> #include <ftp++.hpp> int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *buf); char *strerror(int errnum); char *basename(char *path); namespace stl { using std::cout; using std::cerr; using std::string; using std::ifstream; using std::remove; }; using namespace stl; using Mode = ftp::Connection::Mode; Mode PASV = Mode::PASSIVE; Mode PORT = Mode::PORT; using TransferMode = ftp::Connection::TransferMode; TransferMode BINARY = TransferMode::BINARY; TransferMode TEXT = TransferMode::TEXT; struct session { const string server; const string port; const string user; const string pass; Mode mode; TransferMode txmode; string dir; }; ftp::Connection connect_ftp( const session& sess); size_t get_ftp( ftp::Connection& conn, string const& path); string readFile( const string& filename); string login_ftp(ftp::Connection& conn, const session& sess); string dir_listing( ftp::Connection& conn, const string& path); string readFile( const string& filename) { struct stat stat_buf; string contents; errno = 0; if (stat(filename.c_str() , &stat_buf) != -1) { size_t len = stat_buf.st_size; string bytes(len+1, '\0'); ifstream ifs(filename); ifs.read(&bytes[0], len); if (! ifs.fail() ) contents.swap(bytes); ifs.close(); } else { cerr << "stat error: " << strerror(errno); } return contents; } ftp::Connection connect_ftp( const session& sess) try { string constr = sess.server + ":" + sess.port; cerr << "connecting to " << constr << " ...\n"; ftp::Connection conn{ constr.c_str() }; cerr << "connected to " << constr << "\n"; conn.setConnectionMode(sess.mode); return conn; } catch (ftp::ConnectException e) { cerr << "FTP error: could not connect to server" << "\n"; } string login_ftp(ftp::Connection& conn, const session& sess) { conn.login(sess.user.c_str() , sess.pass.c_str() ); return conn.getLastResponse(); } string dir_listing( ftp::Connection& conn, const string& path) try { const char* dirdata = "/dev/shm/dirdata"; conn.getList(dirdata, path.c_str() ); string dir_string = readFile(dirdata); cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n"; errno = 0; if ( remove(dirdata) != 0 ) { cerr << "error: " << strerror(errno) << "\n"; } return dir_string; } catch (...) { cerr << "error: getting dir contents: \n" << strerror(errno) << "\n"; } size_t get_ftp( ftp::Connection& conn, const string& r_path) { size_t received = 0; const char* path = r_path.c_str(); unsigned remotefile_size = conn.size(path , BINARY); const char* localfile = basename(path); conn.get(localfile, path, BINARY); cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n"; struct stat stat_buf; errno = 0; if (stat(localfile, &stat_buf) != -1) received = stat_buf.st_size; else cerr << strerror(errno); return received; } const session sonic { "mirrors.sonic.net", "21" , "anonymous", "xxxx@nohost.org", PASV, BINARY, "/pub/OpenBSD" }; int main(int argc, char* argv[], char * env[] ) { const session remote = sonic; try { ftp::Connection conn = connect_ftp(remote); cerr << login_ftp(conn, remote); cout << "System type: " << conn.getSystemType() << "\n"; cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n"; conn.cd(remote.dir.c_str()); cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n"; string pwdstr = conn.getDirectory(); cout << "PWD: " << pwdstr << "\n"; cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n"; string dirlist = dir_listing(conn, pwdstr.c_str() ); cout << dirlist << "\n"; string filename = "ftplist"; auto pos = dirlist.find(filename); auto notfound = string::npos; if (pos != notfound) { size_t received = get_ftp(conn, filename.c_str() ); if (received == 0) cerr << "got 0 bytes\n"; else cerr << "got " << filename << " (" << received << " bytes)\n"; } else { cerr << "file " << filename << "not found on server. \n"; } } catch (ftp::ConnectException e) { cerr << "FTP error: could not connect to server" << "\n"; } catch (ftp::Exception e) { cerr << "FTP error: " << e << "\n"; } catch (...) { cerr << "error: " << strerror(errno) << "\n"; } return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "io" "log" "os" "github.com/stacktic/ftp" ) func main() { const ( hostport = "localhost:21" username = "anonymous" password = "anonymous" dir = "pub" file = "somefile.bin" ) conn, err := ftp.Connect(hostport) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer conn.Quit() fmt.Println(conn) if err = conn.Login(username, password); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if err = conn.ChangeDir(dir); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println(conn.CurrentDir()) files, err := conn.List(".") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } for _, f := range files { fmt.Printf("%v %12d %v %v\n", f.Time, f.Size, f.Type, f.Name) } r, err := conn.Retr(file) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer r.Close() f, err := os.Create(file) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer f.Close() n, err := io.Copy(f, r) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println("Wrote", n, "bytes to", file) }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C++ version.
#include <random> #include <iostream> #include <stack> #include <set> #include <string> #include <functional> using namespace std; class RPNParse { public: stack<double> stk; multiset<int> digits; void op(function<double(double,double)> f) { if(stk.size() < 2) throw "Improperly written expression"; int b = stk.top(); stk.pop(); int a = stk.top(); stk.pop(); stk.push(f(a, b)); } void parse(char c) { if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') { stk.push(c - '0'); digits.insert(c - '0'); } else if(c == '+') op([](double a, double b) {return a+b;}); else if(c == '-') op([](double a, double b) {return a-b;}); else if(c == '*') op([](double a, double b) {return a*b;}); else if(c == '/') op([](double a, double b) {return a/b;}); } void parse(string s) { for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) parse(s[i]); } double getResult() { if(stk.size() != 1) throw "Improperly written expression"; return stk.top(); } }; int main() { random_device seed; mt19937 engine(seed()); uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(1, 9); auto rnd = bind(distribution, engine); multiset<int> digits; cout << "Make 24 with the digits: "; for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { int n = rnd(); cout << " " << n; digits.insert(n); } cout << endl; RPNParse parser; try { string input; getline(cin, input); parser.parse(input); if(digits != parser.digits) cout << "Error: Not using the given digits" << endl; else { double r = parser.getResult(); cout << "Result: " << r << endl; if(r > 23.999 && r < 24.001) cout << "Good job!" << endl; else cout << "Try again." << endl; } } catch(char* e) { cout << "Error: " << e << endl; } return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) n := make([]rune, 4) for i := range n { n[i] = rune(rand.Intn(9) + '1') } fmt.Printf("Your numbers: %c\n", n) fmt.Print("Enter RPN: ") var expr string fmt.Scan(&expr) if len(expr) != 7 { fmt.Println("invalid. expression length must be 7." + " (4 numbers, 3 operators, no spaces)") return } stack := make([]float64, 0, 4) for _, r := range expr { if r >= '0' && r <= '9' { if len(n) == 0 { fmt.Println("too many numbers.") return } i := 0 for n[i] != r { i++ if i == len(n) { fmt.Println("wrong numbers.") return } } n = append(n[:i], n[i+1:]...) stack = append(stack, float64(r-'0')) continue } if len(stack) < 2 { fmt.Println("invalid expression syntax.") return } switch r { case '+': stack[len(stack)-2] += stack[len(stack)-1] case '-': stack[len(stack)-2] -= stack[len(stack)-1] case '*': stack[len(stack)-2] *= stack[len(stack)-1] case '/': stack[len(stack)-2] /= stack[len(stack)-1] default: fmt.Printf("%c invalid.\n", r) return } stack = stack[:len(stack)-1] } if math.Abs(stack[0]-24) > 1e-6 { fmt.Println("incorrect.", stack[0], "!= 24") } else { fmt.Println("correct.") } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to Go.
#include <random> #include <iostream> #include <stack> #include <set> #include <string> #include <functional> using namespace std; class RPNParse { public: stack<double> stk; multiset<int> digits; void op(function<double(double,double)> f) { if(stk.size() < 2) throw "Improperly written expression"; int b = stk.top(); stk.pop(); int a = stk.top(); stk.pop(); stk.push(f(a, b)); } void parse(char c) { if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') { stk.push(c - '0'); digits.insert(c - '0'); } else if(c == '+') op([](double a, double b) {return a+b;}); else if(c == '-') op([](double a, double b) {return a-b;}); else if(c == '*') op([](double a, double b) {return a*b;}); else if(c == '/') op([](double a, double b) {return a/b;}); } void parse(string s) { for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) parse(s[i]); } double getResult() { if(stk.size() != 1) throw "Improperly written expression"; return stk.top(); } }; int main() { random_device seed; mt19937 engine(seed()); uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(1, 9); auto rnd = bind(distribution, engine); multiset<int> digits; cout << "Make 24 with the digits: "; for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { int n = rnd(); cout << " " << n; digits.insert(n); } cout << endl; RPNParse parser; try { string input; getline(cin, input); parser.parse(input); if(digits != parser.digits) cout << "Error: Not using the given digits" << endl; else { double r = parser.getResult(); cout << "Result: " << r << endl; if(r > 23.999 && r < 24.001) cout << "Good job!" << endl; else cout << "Try again." << endl; } } catch(char* e) { cout << "Error: " << e << endl; } return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) n := make([]rune, 4) for i := range n { n[i] = rune(rand.Intn(9) + '1') } fmt.Printf("Your numbers: %c\n", n) fmt.Print("Enter RPN: ") var expr string fmt.Scan(&expr) if len(expr) != 7 { fmt.Println("invalid. expression length must be 7." + " (4 numbers, 3 operators, no spaces)") return } stack := make([]float64, 0, 4) for _, r := range expr { if r >= '0' && r <= '9' { if len(n) == 0 { fmt.Println("too many numbers.") return } i := 0 for n[i] != r { i++ if i == len(n) { fmt.Println("wrong numbers.") return } } n = append(n[:i], n[i+1:]...) stack = append(stack, float64(r-'0')) continue } if len(stack) < 2 { fmt.Println("invalid expression syntax.") return } switch r { case '+': stack[len(stack)-2] += stack[len(stack)-1] case '-': stack[len(stack)-2] -= stack[len(stack)-1] case '*': stack[len(stack)-2] *= stack[len(stack)-1] case '/': stack[len(stack)-2] /= stack[len(stack)-1] default: fmt.Printf("%c invalid.\n", r) return } stack = stack[:len(stack)-1] } if math.Abs(stack[0]-24) > 1e-6 { fmt.Println("incorrect.", stack[0], "!= 24") } else { fmt.Println("correct.") } }
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this C++ implementation.
for(int i = 1;i <= 10; i++){ cout << i; if(i % 5 == 0){ cout << endl; continue; } cout << ", "; }
package main import "fmt" func main() { for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d", i) if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Printf("\n") continue } fmt.Printf(", ") } }
Port the following code from C++ to Go with equivalent syntax and logic.
#ifndef MYWIDGET_H #define MYWIDGET_H #include <QWidget> class QPaintEvent ; class MyWidget : public QWidget { public : MyWidget( ) ; protected : void paintEvent( QPaintEvent * ) ; private : int width ; int height ; const int colornumber ; } ; #endif
package main import "github.com/fogleman/gg" var colors = [8]string{ "000000", "FF0000", "00FF00", "0000FF", "FF00FF", "00FFFF", "FFFF00", "FFFFFF", } func drawBars(dc *gg.Context) { w := float64(dc.Width() / len(colors)) h := float64(dc.Height()) for i := range colors { dc.SetHexColor(colors[i]) dc.DrawRectangle(w*float64(i), 0, w, h) dc.Fill() } } func main() { dc := gg.NewContext(400, 400) drawBars(dc) dc.SavePNG("color_bars.png") }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in Go.
#ifndef MYWIDGET_H #define MYWIDGET_H #include <QWidget> class QPaintEvent ; class MyWidget : public QWidget { public : MyWidget( ) ; protected : void paintEvent( QPaintEvent * ) ; private : int width ; int height ; const int colornumber ; } ; #endif
package main import "github.com/fogleman/gg" var colors = [8]string{ "000000", "FF0000", "00FF00", "0000FF", "FF00FF", "00FFFF", "FFFF00", "FFFFFF", } func drawBars(dc *gg.Context) { w := float64(dc.Width() / len(colors)) h := float64(dc.Height()) for i := range colors { dc.SetHexColor(colors[i]) dc.DrawRectangle(w*float64(i), 0, w, h) dc.Fill() } } func main() { dc := gg.NewContext(400, 400) drawBars(dc) dc.SavePNG("color_bars.png") }
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original C++ code.
#include <cassert> #include <cmath> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <limits> #include <numeric> #include <sstream> #include <vector> template <typename scalar_type> class matrix { public: matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns) : rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns) {} matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns, scalar_type value) : rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns, value) {} matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns, const std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<scalar_type>>& values) : rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns) { assert(values.size() <= rows_); size_t i = 0; for (const auto& row : values) { assert(row.size() <= columns_); std::copy(begin(row), end(row), &elements_[i]); i += columns_; } } size_t rows() const { return rows_; } size_t columns() const { return columns_; } const scalar_type& operator()(size_t row, size_t column) const { assert(row < rows_); assert(column < columns_); return elements_[row * columns_ + column]; } scalar_type& operator()(size_t row, size_t column) { assert(row < rows_); assert(column < columns_); return elements_[row * columns_ + column]; } private: size_t rows_; size_t columns_; std::vector<scalar_type> elements_; }; template <typename scalar_type> void print(std::wostream& out, const matrix<scalar_type>& a) { const wchar_t* box_top_left = L"\x23a1"; const wchar_t* box_top_right = L"\x23a4"; const wchar_t* box_left = L"\x23a2"; const wchar_t* box_right = L"\x23a5"; const wchar_t* box_bottom_left = L"\x23a3"; const wchar_t* box_bottom_right = L"\x23a6"; const int precision = 5; size_t rows = a.rows(), columns = a.columns(); std::vector<size_t> width(columns); for (size_t column = 0; column < columns; ++column) { size_t max_width = 0; for (size_t row = 0; row < rows; ++row) { std::ostringstream str; str << std::fixed << std::setprecision(precision) << a(row, column); max_width = std::max(max_width, str.str().length()); } width[column] = max_width; } out << std::fixed << std::setprecision(precision); for (size_t row = 0; row < rows; ++row) { const bool top(row == 0), bottom(row + 1 == rows); out << (top ? box_top_left : (bottom ? box_bottom_left : box_left)); for (size_t column = 0; column < columns; ++column) { if (column > 0) out << L' '; out << std::setw(width[column]) << a(row, column); } out << (top ? box_top_right : (bottom ? box_bottom_right : box_right)); out << L'\n'; } } template <typename scalar_type> auto lu_decompose(const matrix<scalar_type>& input) { assert(input.rows() == input.columns()); size_t n = input.rows(); std::vector<size_t> perm(n); std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), 0); matrix<scalar_type> lower(n, n); matrix<scalar_type> upper(n, n); matrix<scalar_type> input1(input); for (size_t j = 0; j < n; ++j) { size_t max_index = j; scalar_type max_value = 0; for (size_t i = j; i < n; ++i) { scalar_type value = std::abs(input1(perm[i], j)); if (value > max_value) { max_index = i; max_value = value; } } if (max_value <= std::numeric_limits<scalar_type>::epsilon()) throw std::runtime_error("matrix is singular"); if (j != max_index) std::swap(perm[j], perm[max_index]); size_t jj = perm[j]; for (size_t i = j + 1; i < n; ++i) { size_t ii = perm[i]; input1(ii, j) /= input1(jj, j); for (size_t k = j + 1; k < n; ++k) input1(ii, k) -= input1(ii, j) * input1(jj, k); } } for (size_t j = 0; j < n; ++j) { lower(j, j) = 1; for (size_t i = j + 1; i < n; ++i) lower(i, j) = input1(perm[i], j); for (size_t i = 0; i <= j; ++i) upper(i, j) = input1(perm[i], j); } matrix<scalar_type> pivot(n, n); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) pivot(i, perm[i]) = 1; return std::make_tuple(lower, upper, pivot); } template <typename scalar_type> void show_lu_decomposition(const matrix<scalar_type>& input) { try { std::wcout << L"A\n"; print(std::wcout, input); auto result(lu_decompose(input)); std::wcout << L"\nL\n"; print(std::wcout, std::get<0>(result)); std::wcout << L"\nU\n"; print(std::wcout, std::get<1>(result)); std::wcout << L"\nP\n"; print(std::wcout, std::get<2>(result)); } catch (const std::exception& ex) { std::cerr << ex.what() << '\n'; } } int main() { std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("")); std::wcout << L"Example 1:\n"; matrix<double> matrix1(3, 3, {{1, 3, 5}, {2, 4, 7}, {1, 1, 0}}); show_lu_decomposition(matrix1); std::wcout << '\n'; std::wcout << L"Example 2:\n"; matrix<double> matrix2(4, 4, {{11, 9, 24, 2}, {1, 5, 2, 6}, {3, 17, 18, 1}, {2, 5, 7, 1}}); show_lu_decomposition(matrix2); std::wcout << '\n'; std::wcout << L"Example 3:\n"; matrix<double> matrix3(3, 3, {{-5, -6, -3}, {-1, 0, -2}, {-3, -4, -7}}); show_lu_decomposition(matrix3); std::wcout << '\n'; std::wcout << L"Example 4:\n"; matrix<double> matrix4(3, 3, {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}); show_lu_decomposition(matrix4); return 0; }
package main import "fmt" type matrix [][]float64 func zero(n int) matrix { r := make([][]float64, n) a := make([]float64, n*n) for i := range r { r[i] = a[n*i : n*(i+1)] } return r } func eye(n int) matrix { r := zero(n) for i := range r { r[i][i] = 1 } return r } func (m matrix) print(label string) { if label > "" { fmt.Printf("%s:\n", label) } for _, r := range m { for _, e := range r { fmt.Printf(" %9.5f", e) } fmt.Println() } } func (a matrix) pivotize() matrix { p := eye(len(a)) for j, r := range a { max := r[j] row := j for i := j; i < len(a); i++ { if a[i][j] > max { max = a[i][j] row = i } } if j != row { p[j], p[row] = p[row], p[j] } } return p } func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { r := zero(len(m1)) for i, r1 := range m1 { for j := range m2 { for k := range m1 { r[i][j] += r1[k] * m2[k][j] } } } return r } func (a matrix) lu() (l, u, p matrix) { l = zero(len(a)) u = zero(len(a)) p = a.pivotize() a = p.mul(a) for j := range a { l[j][j] = 1 for i := 0; i <= j; i++ { sum := 0. for k := 0; k < i; k++ { sum += u[k][j] * l[i][k] } u[i][j] = a[i][j] - sum } for i := j; i < len(a); i++ { sum := 0. for k := 0; k < j; k++ { sum += u[k][j] * l[i][k] } l[i][j] = (a[i][j] - sum) / u[j][j] } } return } func main() { showLU(matrix{ {1, 3, 5}, {2, 4, 7}, {1, 1, 0}}) showLU(matrix{ {11, 9, 24, 2}, {1, 5, 2, 6}, {3, 17, 18, 1}, {2, 5, 7, 1}}) } func showLU(a matrix) { a.print("\na") l, u, p := a.lu() l.print("l") u.print("u") p.print("p") }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C++ to Go, same semantics.
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> class pair { public: pair( int s, std::string z ) { p = std::make_pair( s, z ); } bool operator < ( const pair& o ) const { return i() < o.i(); } int i() const { return p.first; } std::string s() const { return p.second; } private: std::pair<int, std::string> p; }; void gFizzBuzz( int c, std::vector<pair>& v ) { bool output; for( int x = 1; x <= c; x++ ) { output = false; for( std::vector<pair>::iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); i++ ) { if( !( x % ( *i ).i() ) ) { std::cout << ( *i ).s(); output = true; } } if( !output ) std::cout << x; std::cout << "\n"; } } int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { std::vector<pair> v; v.push_back( pair( 7, "Baxx" ) ); v.push_back( pair( 3, "Fizz" ) ); v.push_back( pair( 5, "Buzz" ) ); std::sort( v.begin(), v.end() ); gFizzBuzz( 20, v ); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" ) const numbers = 3 func main() { max := 20 words := map[int]string{ 3: "Fizz", 5: "Buzz", 7: "Baxx", } keys := []int{3, 5, 7} divisible := false for i := 1; i <= max; i++ { for _, n := range keys { if i % n == 0 { fmt.Print(words[n]) divisible = true } } if !divisible { fmt.Print(i) } fmt.Println() divisible = false } }
Change the following C++ code into Go without altering its purpose.
#include <string> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> int main( ) { std::cout << "Which file do you want to look at ?\n" ; std::string input ; std::getline( std::cin , input ) ; std::ifstream infile( input.c_str( ) , std::ios::in ) ; std::string file( input ) ; std::cout << "Which file line do you want to see ? ( Give a number > 0 ) ?\n" ; std::getline( std::cin , input ) ; int linenumber = std::stoi( input ) ; int lines_read = 0 ; std::string line ; if ( infile.is_open( ) ) { while ( infile ) { getline( infile , line ) ; lines_read++ ; if ( lines_read == linenumber ) { std::cout << line << std::endl ; break ; } } infile.close( ) ; if ( lines_read < linenumber ) std::cout << "No " << linenumber << " lines in " << file << " !\n" ; return 0 ; } else { std::cerr << "Could not find file " << file << " !\n" ; return 1 ; } }
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "io" "os" ) func main() { if line, err := rsl("input.txt", 7); err == nil { fmt.Println("7th line:") fmt.Println(line) } else { fmt.Println("rsl:", err) } } func rsl(fn string, n int) (string, error) { if n < 1 { return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid request: line %d", n) } f, err := os.Open(fn) if err != nil { return "", err } defer f.Close() bf := bufio.NewReader(f) var line string for lnum := 0; lnum < n; lnum++ { line, err = bf.ReadString('\n') if err == io.EOF { switch lnum { case 0: return "", errors.New("no lines in file") case 1: return "", errors.New("only 1 line") default: return "", fmt.Errorf("only %d lines", lnum) } } if err != nil { return "", err } } if line == "" { return "", fmt.Errorf("line %d empty", n) } return line, nil }
Convert this C++ snippet to Go and keep its semantics consistent.
#include <string> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> int main( ) { std::cout << "Which file do you want to look at ?\n" ; std::string input ; std::getline( std::cin , input ) ; std::ifstream infile( input.c_str( ) , std::ios::in ) ; std::string file( input ) ; std::cout << "Which file line do you want to see ? ( Give a number > 0 ) ?\n" ; std::getline( std::cin , input ) ; int linenumber = std::stoi( input ) ; int lines_read = 0 ; std::string line ; if ( infile.is_open( ) ) { while ( infile ) { getline( infile , line ) ; lines_read++ ; if ( lines_read == linenumber ) { std::cout << line << std::endl ; break ; } } infile.close( ) ; if ( lines_read < linenumber ) std::cout << "No " << linenumber << " lines in " << file << " !\n" ; return 0 ; } else { std::cerr << "Could not find file " << file << " !\n" ; return 1 ; } }
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "io" "os" ) func main() { if line, err := rsl("input.txt", 7); err == nil { fmt.Println("7th line:") fmt.Println(line) } else { fmt.Println("rsl:", err) } } func rsl(fn string, n int) (string, error) { if n < 1 { return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid request: line %d", n) } f, err := os.Open(fn) if err != nil { return "", err } defer f.Close() bf := bufio.NewReader(f) var line string for lnum := 0; lnum < n; lnum++ { line, err = bf.ReadString('\n') if err == io.EOF { switch lnum { case 0: return "", errors.New("no lines in file") case 1: return "", errors.New("only 1 line") default: return "", fmt.Errorf("only %d lines", lnum) } } if err != nil { return "", err } } if line == "" { return "", fmt.Errorf("line %d empty", n) } return line, nil }
Convert the following code from C++ to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
#include <algorithm> #include <cctype> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> bool endsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) { const size_t n1 = str.length(); const size_t n2 = suffix.length(); if (n1 < n2) return false; return std::equal(str.begin() + (n1 - n2), str.end(), suffix.begin(), [](char c1, char c2) { return std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c1)) == std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c2)); }); } bool filenameHasExtension(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) { return std::any_of(extensions.begin(), extensions.end(), [&filename](const std::string& extension) { return endsWithIgnoreCase(filename, "." + extension); }); } void test(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) { std::cout << std::setw(20) << std::left << filename << ": " << std::boolalpha << filenameHasExtension(filename, extensions) << '\n'; } int main() { const std::vector<std::string> extensions{"zip", "rar", "7z", "gz", "archive", "A##", "tar.bz2"}; test("MyData.a##", extensions); test("MyData.tar.Gz", extensions); test("MyData.gzip", extensions); test("MyData.7z.backup", extensions); test("MyData...", extensions); test("MyData", extensions); test("MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2", extensions); test("MyData_v1.0.bz2", extensions); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var extensions = []string{"zip", "rar", "7z", "gz", "archive", "A##", "tar.bz2"} func fileExtInList(filename string) (bool, string) { filename2 := strings.ToLower(filename) for _, ext := range extensions { ext2 := "." + strings.ToLower(ext) if strings.HasSuffix(filename2, ext2) { return true, ext } } s := strings.Split(filename, ".") if len(s) > 1 { t := s[len(s)-1] if t != "" { return false, t } else { return false, "<empty>" } } else { return false, "<none>" } } func main() { fmt.Println("The listed extensions are:") fmt.Println(extensions, "\n") tests := []string{ "MyData.a##", "MyData.tar.Gz", "MyData.gzip", "MyData.7z.backup", "MyData...", "MyData", "MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2", "MyData_v1.0.bz2", } for _, test := range tests { ok, ext := fileExtInList(test) fmt.Printf("%-20s => %-5t (extension = %s)\n", test, ok, ext) } }
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this C++ implementation.
#include <algorithm> #include <cctype> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> bool endsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) { const size_t n1 = str.length(); const size_t n2 = suffix.length(); if (n1 < n2) return false; return std::equal(str.begin() + (n1 - n2), str.end(), suffix.begin(), [](char c1, char c2) { return std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c1)) == std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c2)); }); } bool filenameHasExtension(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) { return std::any_of(extensions.begin(), extensions.end(), [&filename](const std::string& extension) { return endsWithIgnoreCase(filename, "." + extension); }); } void test(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) { std::cout << std::setw(20) << std::left << filename << ": " << std::boolalpha << filenameHasExtension(filename, extensions) << '\n'; } int main() { const std::vector<std::string> extensions{"zip", "rar", "7z", "gz", "archive", "A##", "tar.bz2"}; test("MyData.a##", extensions); test("MyData.tar.Gz", extensions); test("MyData.gzip", extensions); test("MyData.7z.backup", extensions); test("MyData...", extensions); test("MyData", extensions); test("MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2", extensions); test("MyData_v1.0.bz2", extensions); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var extensions = []string{"zip", "rar", "7z", "gz", "archive", "A##", "tar.bz2"} func fileExtInList(filename string) (bool, string) { filename2 := strings.ToLower(filename) for _, ext := range extensions { ext2 := "." + strings.ToLower(ext) if strings.HasSuffix(filename2, ext2) { return true, ext } } s := strings.Split(filename, ".") if len(s) > 1 { t := s[len(s)-1] if t != "" { return false, t } else { return false, "<empty>" } } else { return false, "<none>" } } func main() { fmt.Println("The listed extensions are:") fmt.Println(extensions, "\n") tests := []string{ "MyData.a##", "MyData.tar.Gz", "MyData.gzip", "MyData.7z.backup", "MyData...", "MyData", "MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2", "MyData_v1.0.bz2", } for _, test := range tests { ok, ext := fileExtInList(test) fmt.Printf("%-20s => %-5t (extension = %s)\n", test, ok, ext) } }
Write a version of this C++ function in Go with identical behavior.
#include <iostream> #include <ratio> #include <array> #include <algorithm> #include <random> typedef short int Digit; constexpr Digit nDigits{4}; constexpr Digit maximumDigit{9}; constexpr short int gameGoal{24}; typedef std::array<Digit, nDigits> digitSet; digitSet d; void printTrivialOperation(std::string operation) { bool printOperation(false); for(const Digit& number : d) { if(printOperation) std::cout << operation; else printOperation = true; std::cout << number; } std::cout << std::endl; } void printOperation(std::string prefix, std::string operation1, std::string operation2, std::string operation3, std::string suffix = "") { std::cout << prefix << d[0] << operation1 << d[1] << operation2 << d[2] << operation3 << d[3] << suffix << std::endl; } int main() { std::mt19937_64 randomGenerator; std::uniform_int_distribution<Digit> digitDistro{1, maximumDigit}; for(int trial{10}; trial; --trial) { for(Digit& digit : d) { digit = digitDistro(randomGenerator); std::cout << digit << " "; } std::cout << std::endl; std::sort(d.begin(), d.end()); if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 0) == gameGoal) printTrivialOperation(" + "); if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 1, std::multiplies<Digit>{}) == gameGoal) printTrivialOperation(" * "); do { if(d[0] + d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " + ", " + ", " - "); if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " + "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) + "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " + ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) + "); if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " + ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1]) + (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) + ( ", " * ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) - "); if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " - ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1]) - (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) - ( ", " * ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " - "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) - "); if(d[0] * (d[1] - d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " - ", " ) + "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " - ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] - (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " - ( ", " + ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal - d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) + "); if(((d[0] * d[1]) + d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) + ", " ) / "); if((d[0] + d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " + ", " ) * ", " ) / "); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] + d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " + ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal + d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) - "); if(((d[0] * d[1]) - d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) - ", " ) / "); if((d[0] - d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " - ", " ) * ", " ) / "); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] - d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " - ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " * ", " / "); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " / ( ", " * ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[3] == gameGoal * (d[1] * d[3] - d[2])) printOperation("", " / ( ", " - ", " / ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) / ", ""); } while(std::next_permutation(d.begin(), d.end())); } return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) const ( op_num = iota op_add op_sub op_mul op_div ) type frac struct { num, denom int } type Expr struct { op int left, right *Expr value frac } var n_cards = 4 var goal = 24 var digit_range = 9 func (x *Expr) String() string { if x.op == op_num { return fmt.Sprintf("%d", x.value.num) } var bl1, br1, bl2, br2, opstr string switch { case x.left.op == op_num: case x.left.op >= x.op: case x.left.op == op_add && x.op == op_sub: bl1, br1 = "", "" default: bl1, br1 = "(", ")" } if x.right.op == op_num || x.op < x.right.op { bl2, br2 = "", "" } else { bl2, br2 = "(", ")" } switch { case x.op == op_add: opstr = " + " case x.op == op_sub: opstr = " - " case x.op == op_mul: opstr = " * " case x.op == op_div: opstr = " / " } return bl1 + x.left.String() + br1 + opstr + bl2 + x.right.String() + br2 } func expr_eval(x *Expr) (f frac) { if x.op == op_num { return x.value } l, r := expr_eval(x.left), expr_eval(x.right) switch x.op { case op_add: f.num = l.num*r.denom + l.denom*r.num f.denom = l.denom * r.denom return case op_sub: f.num = l.num*r.denom - l.denom*r.num f.denom = l.denom * r.denom return case op_mul: f.num = l.num * r.num f.denom = l.denom * r.denom return case op_div: f.num = l.num * r.denom f.denom = l.denom * r.num return } return } func solve(ex_in []*Expr) bool { if len(ex_in) == 1 { f := expr_eval(ex_in[0]) if f.denom != 0 && f.num == f.denom*goal { fmt.Println(ex_in[0].String()) return true } return false } var node Expr ex := make([]*Expr, len(ex_in)-1) for i := range ex { copy(ex[i:len(ex)], ex_in[i+1:len(ex_in)]) ex[i] = &node for j := i + 1; j < len(ex_in); j++ { node.left = ex_in[i] node.right = ex_in[j] for o := op_add; o <= op_div; o++ { node.op = o if solve(ex) { return true } } node.left = ex_in[j] node.right = ex_in[i] node.op = op_sub if solve(ex) { return true } node.op = op_div if solve(ex) { return true } if j < len(ex) { ex[j] = ex_in[j] } } ex[i] = ex_in[i] } return false } func main() { cards := make([]*Expr, n_cards) rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) for k := 0; k < 10; k++ { for i := 0; i < n_cards; i++ { cards[i] = &Expr{op_num, nil, nil, frac{rand.Intn(digit_range-1) + 1, 1}} fmt.Printf(" %d", cards[i].value.num) } fmt.Print(": ") if !solve(cards) { fmt.Println("No solution") } } }
Generate an equivalent Go version of this C++ code.
#include <iostream> #include <ratio> #include <array> #include <algorithm> #include <random> typedef short int Digit; constexpr Digit nDigits{4}; constexpr Digit maximumDigit{9}; constexpr short int gameGoal{24}; typedef std::array<Digit, nDigits> digitSet; digitSet d; void printTrivialOperation(std::string operation) { bool printOperation(false); for(const Digit& number : d) { if(printOperation) std::cout << operation; else printOperation = true; std::cout << number; } std::cout << std::endl; } void printOperation(std::string prefix, std::string operation1, std::string operation2, std::string operation3, std::string suffix = "") { std::cout << prefix << d[0] << operation1 << d[1] << operation2 << d[2] << operation3 << d[3] << suffix << std::endl; } int main() { std::mt19937_64 randomGenerator; std::uniform_int_distribution<Digit> digitDistro{1, maximumDigit}; for(int trial{10}; trial; --trial) { for(Digit& digit : d) { digit = digitDistro(randomGenerator); std::cout << digit << " "; } std::cout << std::endl; std::sort(d.begin(), d.end()); if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 0) == gameGoal) printTrivialOperation(" + "); if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 1, std::multiplies<Digit>{}) == gameGoal) printTrivialOperation(" * "); do { if(d[0] + d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " + ", " + ", " - "); if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " + "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) + "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " + ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) + "); if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " + ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1]) + (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) + ( ", " * ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) - "); if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " - ", " )"); if((d[0] * d[1]) - (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) - ( ", " * ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " - "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) - "); if(d[0] * (d[1] - d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " - ", " ) + "); if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " - ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] - (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " - ( ", " + ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal - d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) + "); if(((d[0] * d[1]) + d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) + ", " ) / "); if((d[0] + d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " + ", " ) * ", " ) / "); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] + d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " + ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal + d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) - "); if(((d[0] * d[1]) - d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) - ", " ) / "); if((d[0] - d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " - ", " ) * ", " ) / "); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] - d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " - ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " * ", " / "); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " / ( ", " * ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[3] == gameGoal * (d[1] * d[3] - d[2])) printOperation("", " / ( ", " - ", " / ", " )"); if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) / ", ""); } while(std::next_permutation(d.begin(), d.end())); } return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) const ( op_num = iota op_add op_sub op_mul op_div ) type frac struct { num, denom int } type Expr struct { op int left, right *Expr value frac } var n_cards = 4 var goal = 24 var digit_range = 9 func (x *Expr) String() string { if x.op == op_num { return fmt.Sprintf("%d", x.value.num) } var bl1, br1, bl2, br2, opstr string switch { case x.left.op == op_num: case x.left.op >= x.op: case x.left.op == op_add && x.op == op_sub: bl1, br1 = "", "" default: bl1, br1 = "(", ")" } if x.right.op == op_num || x.op < x.right.op { bl2, br2 = "", "" } else { bl2, br2 = "(", ")" } switch { case x.op == op_add: opstr = " + " case x.op == op_sub: opstr = " - " case x.op == op_mul: opstr = " * " case x.op == op_div: opstr = " / " } return bl1 + x.left.String() + br1 + opstr + bl2 + x.right.String() + br2 } func expr_eval(x *Expr) (f frac) { if x.op == op_num { return x.value } l, r := expr_eval(x.left), expr_eval(x.right) switch x.op { case op_add: f.num = l.num*r.denom + l.denom*r.num f.denom = l.denom * r.denom return case op_sub: f.num = l.num*r.denom - l.denom*r.num f.denom = l.denom * r.denom return case op_mul: f.num = l.num * r.num f.denom = l.denom * r.denom return case op_div: f.num = l.num * r.denom f.denom = l.denom * r.num return } return } func solve(ex_in []*Expr) bool { if len(ex_in) == 1 { f := expr_eval(ex_in[0]) if f.denom != 0 && f.num == f.denom*goal { fmt.Println(ex_in[0].String()) return true } return false } var node Expr ex := make([]*Expr, len(ex_in)-1) for i := range ex { copy(ex[i:len(ex)], ex_in[i+1:len(ex_in)]) ex[i] = &node for j := i + 1; j < len(ex_in); j++ { node.left = ex_in[i] node.right = ex_in[j] for o := op_add; o <= op_div; o++ { node.op = o if solve(ex) { return true } } node.left = ex_in[j] node.right = ex_in[i] node.op = op_sub if solve(ex) { return true } node.op = op_div if solve(ex) { return true } if j < len(ex) { ex[j] = ex_in[j] } } ex[i] = ex_in[i] } return false } func main() { cards := make([]*Expr, n_cards) rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) for k := 0; k < 10; k++ { for i := 0; i < n_cards; i++ { cards[i] = &Expr{op_num, nil, nil, frac{rand.Intn(digit_range-1) + 1, 1}} fmt.Printf(" %d", cards[i].value.num) } fmt.Print(": ") if !solve(cards) { fmt.Println("No solution") } } }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C++ version.
#include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <atomic> #include <mutex> #include <random> #include <thread> std::mutex cout_lock; class Latch { std::atomic<int> semafor; public: Latch(int limit) : semafor(limit) {} void wait() { semafor.fetch_sub(1); while(semafor.load() > 0) std::this_thread::yield(); } }; struct Worker { static void do_work(int how_long, Latch& barrier, std::string name) { std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(how_long)); { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cout_lock); std::cout << "Worker " << name << " finished work\n"; } barrier.wait(); { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cout_lock); std::cout << "Worker " << name << " finished assembly\n"; } } }; int main() { Latch latch(5); std::mt19937 rng(std::random_device{}()); std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(300, 3000); std::thread threads[] { std::thread(&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "John"), std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Henry"}, std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Smith"}, std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Jane"}, std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Mary"}, }; for(auto& t: threads) t.join(); std::cout << "Assembly is finished"; }
package main import ( "log" "math/rand" "sync" "time" ) func worker(part string) { log.Println(part, "worker begins part") time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Int63n(1e6))) log.Println(part, "worker completes part") wg.Done() } var ( partList = []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"} nAssemblies = 3 wg sync.WaitGroup ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for c := 1; c <= nAssemblies; c++ { log.Println("begin assembly cycle", c) wg.Add(len(partList)) for _, part := range partList { go worker(part) } wg.Wait() log.Println("assemble. cycle", c, "complete") } }
Port the following code from C++ to Go with equivalent syntax and logic.
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <vector> std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<uint8_t> &v) { auto it = v.cbegin(); auto end = v.cend(); os << "[ "; if (it != end) { os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << (uint32_t)*it; it = std::next(it); } while (it != end) { os << ' ' << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << (uint32_t)*it; it = std::next(it); } return os << " ]"; } std::vector<uint8_t> to_seq(uint64_t x) { int i; for (i = 9; i > 0; i--) { if (x & 127ULL << i * 7) { break; } } std::vector<uint8_t> out; for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) { out.push_back(((x >> ((i - j) * 7)) & 127) | 128); } out[i] ^= 128; return out; } uint64_t from_seq(const std::vector<uint8_t> &seq) { uint64_t r = 0; for (auto b : seq) { r = (r << 7) | (b & 127); } return r; } int main() { std::vector<uint64_t> src{ 0x7f, 0x4000, 0, 0x3ffffe, 0x1fffff, 0x200000, 0x3311a1234df31413ULL }; for (auto x : src) { auto s = to_seq(x); std::cout << std::hex; std::cout << "seq from " << x << ' ' << s << " back: " << from_seq(s) << '\n'; std::cout << std::dec; } return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "encoding/binary" ) func main() { buf := make([]byte, binary.MaxVarintLen64) for _, x := range []int64{0x200000, 0x1fffff} { v := buf[:binary.PutVarint(buf, x)] fmt.Printf("%d encodes into %d bytes: %x\n", x, len(v), v) x, _ = binary.Varint(v) fmt.Println(x, "decoded") } }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C++ version.
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <windows.h> #include <mmsystem.h> #pragma comment ( lib, "winmm.lib" ) using namespace std; class recorder { public: void start() { paused = rec = false; action = "IDLE"; while( true ) { cout << endl << "==" << action << "==" << endl << endl; cout << "1) Record" << endl << "2) Play" << endl << "3) Pause" << endl << "4) Stop" << endl << "5) Quit" << endl; char c; cin >> c; if( c > '0' && c < '6' ) { switch( c ) { case '1': record(); break; case '2': play(); break; case '3': pause(); break; case '4': stop(); break; case '5': stop(); return; } } } } private: void record() { if( mciExecute( "open new type waveaudio alias my_sound") ) { mciExecute( "record my_sound" ); action = "RECORDING"; rec = true; } } void play() { if( paused ) mciExecute( "play my_sound" ); else if( mciExecute( "open tmp.wav alias my_sound" ) ) mciExecute( "play my_sound" ); action = "PLAYING"; paused = false; } void pause() { if( rec ) return; mciExecute( "pause my_sound" ); paused = true; action = "PAUSED"; } void stop() { if( rec ) { mciExecute( "stop my_sound" ); mciExecute( "save my_sound tmp.wav" ); mciExecute( "close my_sound" ); action = "IDLE"; rec = false; } else { mciExecute( "stop my_sound" ); mciExecute( "close my_sound" ); action = "IDLE"; } } bool mciExecute( string cmd ) { if( mciSendString( cmd.c_str(), NULL, 0, NULL ) ) { cout << "Can't do this: " << cmd << endl; return false; } return true; } bool paused, rec; string action; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { recorder r; r.start(); return 0; }
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec" "strconv" ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) name := "" for name == "" { fmt.Print("Enter output file name (without extension) : ") scanner.Scan() name = scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) } name += ".wav" rate := 0 for rate < 2000 || rate > 192000 { fmt.Print("Enter sampling rate in Hz (2000 to 192000) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) rate, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } rateS := strconv.Itoa(rate) dur := 0.0 for dur < 5 || dur > 30 { fmt.Print("Enter duration in seconds (5 to 30)  : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) dur, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(input, 64) } durS := strconv.FormatFloat(dur, 'f', -1, 64) fmt.Println("OK, start speaking now...") args := []string{"-r", rateS, "-f", "S16_LE", "-d", durS, name} cmd := exec.Command("arecord", args...) err := cmd.Run() check(err) fmt.Printf("'%s' created on disk and will now be played back...\n", name) cmd = exec.Command("aplay", name) err = cmd.Run() check(err) fmt.Println("Play-back completed.") }
Translate the given C++ code snippet into Go without altering its behavior.
#include <cstdlib> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <vector> #include <openssl/sha.h> class sha256_exception : public std::exception { public: const char* what() const noexcept override { return "SHA-256 error"; } }; class sha256 { public: sha256() { reset(); } sha256(const sha256&) = delete; sha256& operator=(const sha256&) = delete; void reset() { if (SHA256_Init(&context_) == 0) throw sha256_exception(); } void update(const void* data, size_t length) { if (SHA256_Update(&context_, data, length) == 0) throw sha256_exception(); } std::vector<unsigned char> digest() { std::vector<unsigned char> digest(SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH); if (SHA256_Final(digest.data(), &context_) == 0) throw sha256_exception(); return digest; } private: SHA256_CTX context_; }; std::string digest_to_string(const std::vector<unsigned char>& digest) { std::ostringstream out; out << std::hex << std::setfill('0'); for (size_t i = 0; i < digest.size(); ++i) out << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(digest[i]); return out.str(); } std::vector<unsigned char> sha256_merkle_tree(std::istream& in, size_t block_size) { std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> hashes; std::vector<char> buffer(block_size); sha256 md; while (in) { in.read(buffer.data(), block_size); size_t bytes = in.gcount(); if (bytes == 0) break; md.reset(); md.update(buffer.data(), bytes); hashes.push_back(md.digest()); } if (hashes.empty()) return {}; size_t length = hashes.size(); while (length > 1) { size_t j = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i += 2, ++j) { auto& digest1 = hashes[i]; auto& digest_out = hashes[j]; if (i + 1 < length) { auto& digest2 = hashes[i + 1]; md.reset(); md.update(digest1.data(), digest1.size()); md.update(digest2.data(), digest2.size()); digest_out = md.digest(); } else { digest_out = digest1; } } length = j; } return hashes[0]; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (argc != 2) { std::cerr << "usage: " << argv[0] << " filename\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } std::ifstream in(argv[1], std::ios::binary); if (!in) { std::cerr << "Cannot open file " << argv[1] << ".\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } try { std::cout << digest_to_string(sha256_merkle_tree(in, 1024)) << '\n'; } catch (const std::exception& ex) { std::cerr << ex.what() << "\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
package main import ( "crypto/sha256" "fmt" "io" "log" "os" ) func main() { const blockSize = 1024 f, err := os.Open("title.png") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer f.Close() var hashes [][]byte buffer := make([]byte, blockSize) h := sha256.New() for { bytesRead, err := f.Read(buffer) if err != nil { if err != io.EOF { log.Fatal(err) } break } h.Reset() h.Write(buffer[:bytesRead]) hashes = append(hashes, h.Sum(nil)) } buffer = make([]byte, 64) for len(hashes) > 1 { var hashes2 [][]byte for i := 0; i < len(hashes); i += 2 { if i < len(hashes)-1 { copy(buffer, hashes[i]) copy(buffer[32:], hashes[i+1]) h.Reset() h.Write(buffer) hashes2 = append(hashes2, h.Sum(nil)) } else { hashes2 = append(hashes2, hashes[i]) } } hashes = hashes2 } fmt.Printf("%x", hashes[0]) fmt.Println() }
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to Go without modifying what it does.
#include <algorithm> #include <string> #include <cctype> void str_toupper(std::string &str) { std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), (int(*)(int)) std::toupper); } void str_tolower(std::string &str) { std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), (int(*)(int)) std::tolower); }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" "unicode" "unicode/utf8" ) func main() { show("alphaBETA") show("alpha BETA") show("DŽLjnj") show("o'hare O'HARE o’hare don't") } func show(s string) { fmt.Println("\nstring: ", s, " len:", utf8.RuneCountInString(s), "runes") fmt.Println("All upper case: ", strings.ToUpper(s)) fmt.Println("All lower case: ", strings.ToLower(s)) fmt.Println("All title case: ", strings.ToTitle(s)) fmt.Println("Title words: ", strings.Title(s)) fmt.Println("Swapping case: ", strings.Map(unicode.SimpleFold, s)) }
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original C++ code.
#ifndef TASK_H #define TASK_H #include <QWidget> class QLabel ; class QLineEdit ; class QVBoxLayout ; class QHBoxLayout ; class EntryWidget : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT public : EntryWidget( QWidget *parent = 0 ) ; private : QHBoxLayout *upperpart , *lowerpart ; QVBoxLayout *entryLayout ; QLineEdit *stringinput ; QLineEdit *numberinput ; QLabel *stringlabel ; QLabel *numberlabel ; } ; #endif
package main import ( "github.com/gotk3/gotk3/gtk" "log" "math/rand" "strconv" "time" ) func validateInput(window *gtk.Window, str1, str2 string) bool { n, err := strconv.ParseFloat(str2, 64) if len(str1) == 0 || err != nil || n != 75000 { dialog := gtk.MessageDialogNew( window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL, gtk.MESSAGE_ERROR, gtk.BUTTONS_OK, "Invalid input", ) dialog.Run() dialog.Destroy() return false } return true } func check(err error, msg string) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(msg, err) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) gtk.Init(nil) window, err := gtk.WindowNew(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) check(err, "Unable to create window:") window.SetTitle("Rosetta Code") window.SetPosition(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER) window.Connect("destroy", func() { gtk.MainQuit() }) vbox, err := gtk.BoxNew(gtk.ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, 1) check(err, "Unable to create vertical box:") vbox.SetBorderWidth(1) hbox1, err := gtk.BoxNew(gtk.ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, 1) check(err, "Unable to create first horizontal box:") hbox2, err := gtk.BoxNew(gtk.ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, 1) check(err, "Unable to create second horizontal box:") label, err := gtk.LabelNew("Enter a string and the number 75000 \n") check(err, "Unable to create label:") sel, err := gtk.LabelNew("String: ") check(err, "Unable to create string entry label:") nel, err := gtk.LabelNew("Number: ") check(err, "Unable to create number entry label:") se, err := gtk.EntryNew() check(err, "Unable to create string entry:") ne, err := gtk.EntryNew() check(err, "Unable to create number entry:") hbox1.PackStart(sel, false, false, 2) hbox1.PackStart(se, false, false, 2) hbox2.PackStart(nel, false, false, 2) hbox2.PackStart(ne, false, false, 2) ab, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Accept") check(err, "Unable to create accept button:") ab.Connect("clicked", func() { str1, _ := se.GetText() str2, _ := ne.GetText() if validateInput(window, str1, str2) { window.Destroy() } }) vbox.Add(label) vbox.Add(hbox1) vbox.Add(hbox2) vbox.Add(ab) window.Add(vbox) window.ShowAll() gtk.Main() }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in Go.
#include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <vector> constexpr double sqrt3_2 = 0.86602540378444; struct point { double x; double y; }; std::vector<point> sierpinski_arrowhead_next(const std::vector<point>& points) { size_t size = points.size(); std::vector<point> output(3*(size - 1) + 1); double x0, y0, x1, y1; size_t j = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < size; ++i, j += 3) { x0 = points[i].x; y0 = points[i].y; x1 = points[i + 1].x; y1 = points[i + 1].y; double dx = x1 - x0; output[j] = {x0, y0}; if (y0 == y1) { double d = dx * sqrt3_2/2; if (d < 0) d = -d; output[j + 1] = {x0 + dx/4, y0 - d}; output[j + 2] = {x1 - dx/4, y0 - d}; } else if (y1 < y0) { output[j + 1] = {x1, y0}; output[j + 2] = {x1 + dx/2, (y0 + y1)/2}; } else { output[j + 1] = {x0 - dx/2, (y0 + y1)/2}; output[j + 2] = {x0, y1}; } } output[j] = {x1, y1}; return output; } void write_sierpinski_arrowhead(std::ostream& out, int size, int iterations) { out << "<svg xmlns='http: << size << "' height='" << size << "'>\n"; out << "<rect width='100%' height='100%' fill='white'/>\n"; out << "<path stroke-width='1' stroke='black' fill='none' d='"; const double margin = 20.0; const double side = size - 2.0 * margin; const double x = margin; const double y = 0.5 * size + 0.5 * sqrt3_2 * side; std::vector<point> points{{x, y}, {x + side, y}}; for (int i = 0; i < iterations; ++i) points = sierpinski_arrowhead_next(points); for (size_t i = 0, n = points.size(); i < n; ++i) out << (i == 0 ? "M" : "L") << points[i].x << ',' << points[i].y << '\n'; out << "'/>\n</svg>\n"; } int main() { std::ofstream out("sierpinski_arrowhead.svg"); if (!out) { std::cerr << "Cannot open output file\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } write_sierpinski_arrowhead(out, 600, 8); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) var ( width = 770.0 height = 770.0 dc = gg.NewContext(int(width), int(height)) iy = 1.0 theta = 0 ) var cx, cy, h float64 func arrowhead(order int, length float64) { if order&1 == 0 { curve(order, length, 60) } else { turn(60) curve(order, length, -60) } drawLine(length) } func drawLine(length float64) { dc.LineTo(cx-width/2+h, (height-cy)*iy+2*h) rads := gg.Radians(float64(theta)) cx += length * math.Cos(rads) cy += length * math.Sin(rads) } func turn(angle int) { theta = (theta + angle) % 360 } func curve(order int, length float64, angle int) { if order == 0 { drawLine(length) } else { curve(order-1, length/2, -angle) turn(angle) curve(order-1, length/2, angle) turn(angle) curve(order-1, length/2, -angle) } } func main() { dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 0) dc.Clear() order := 6 if order&1 == 0 { iy = -1 } cx, cy = width/2, height h = cx / 2 arrowhead(order, cx) dc.SetRGB255(255, 0, 255) dc.SetLineWidth(2) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("sierpinski_arrowhead_curve.png") }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Go.
#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <iomanip> #include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp> #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp> using std::cout; using std::endl; const int NumFlags = 24; int main() { std::fstream file("readings.txt"); int badCount = 0; std::string badDate; int badCountMax = 0; while(true) { std::string line; getline(file, line); if(!file.good()) break; std::vector<std::string> tokens; boost::algorithm::split(tokens, line, boost::is_space()); if(tokens.size() != NumFlags * 2 + 1) { cout << "Bad input file." << endl; return 0; } double total = 0.0; int accepted = 0; for(size_t i = 1; i < tokens.size(); i += 2) { double val = boost::lexical_cast<double>(tokens[i]); int flag = boost::lexical_cast<int>(tokens[i+1]); if(flag > 0) { total += val; ++accepted; badCount = 0; } else { ++badCount; if(badCount > badCountMax) { badCountMax = badCount; badDate = tokens[0]; } } } cout << tokens[0]; cout << " Reject: " << std::setw(2) << (NumFlags - accepted); cout << " Accept: " << std::setw(2) << accepted; cout << " Average: " << std::setprecision(5) << total / accepted << endl; } cout << endl; cout << "Maximum number of consecutive bad readings is " << badCountMax << endl; cout << "Ends on date " << badDate << endl; }
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" "strings" ) const ( filename = "readings.txt" readings = 24 fields = readings*2 + 1 ) func main() { file, err := os.Open(filename) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer file.Close() var ( badRun, maxRun int badDate, maxDate string fileSum float64 fileAccept int ) endBadRun := func() { if badRun > maxRun { maxRun = badRun maxDate = badDate } badRun = 0 } s := bufio.NewScanner(file) for s.Scan() { f := strings.Fields(s.Text()) if len(f) != fields { log.Fatal("unexpected format,", len(f), "fields.") } var accept int var sum float64 for i := 1; i < fields; i += 2 { flag, err := strconv.Atoi(f[i+1]) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if flag <= 0 { if badRun++; badRun == 1 { badDate = f[0] } } else { endBadRun() value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(f[i], 64) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } sum += value accept++ } } fmt.Printf("Line: %s Reject %2d Accept: %2d Line_tot:%9.3f", f[0], readings-accept, accept, sum) if accept > 0 { fmt.Printf(" Line_avg:%8.3f\n", sum/float64(accept)) } else { fmt.Println() } fileSum += sum fileAccept += accept } if err := s.Err(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } endBadRun() fmt.Println("\nFile =", filename) fmt.Printf("Total = %.3f\n", fileSum) fmt.Println("Readings = ", fileAccept) if fileAccept > 0 { fmt.Printf("Average =  %.3f\n", fileSum/float64(fileAccept)) } if maxRun == 0 { fmt.Println("\nAll data valid.") } else { fmt.Printf("\nMax data gap = %d, beginning on line %s.\n", maxRun, maxDate) } }
Write the same code in Go as shown below in C++.
#include <string> #include <iostream> #include "Poco/MD5Engine.h" #include "Poco/DigestStream.h" using Poco::DigestEngine ; using Poco::MD5Engine ; using Poco::DigestOutputStream ; int main( ) { std::string myphrase ( "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back" ) ; MD5Engine md5 ; DigestOutputStream outstr( md5 ) ; outstr << myphrase ; outstr.flush( ) ; const DigestEngine::Digest& digest = md5.digest( ) ; std::cout << myphrase << " as a MD5 digest :\n" << DigestEngine::digestToHex( digest ) << " !" << std::endl ; return 0 ; }
package main import ( "crypto/md5" "fmt" ) func main() { for _, p := range [][2]string{ {"d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", ""}, {"0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661", "a"}, {"900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72", "abc"}, {"f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0", "message digest"}, {"c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"}, {"d174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f", "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"}, {"57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a", "12345678901234567890" + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"}, {"e38ca1d920c4b8b8d3946b2c72f01680", "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back"}, } { validate(p[0], p[1]) } } var h = md5.New() func validate(check, s string) { h.Reset() h.Write([]byte(s)) sum := fmt.Sprintf("%x", h.Sum(nil)) if sum != check { fmt.Println("MD5 fail") fmt.Println(" for string,", s) fmt.Println(" expected: ", check) fmt.Println(" got: ", sum) } }
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in C++.
#include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <string> using integer = uint64_t; integer divisor_sum(integer n) { integer total = 1, power = 2; for (; n % 2 == 0; power *= 2, n /= 2) total += power; for (integer p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { integer sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) sum += power; total *= sum; } if (n > 1) total *= n + 1; return total; } void classify_aliquot_sequence(integer n) { constexpr int limit = 16; integer terms[limit]; terms[0] = n; std::string classification("non-terminating"); int length = 1; for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) { ++length; terms[i] = divisor_sum(terms[i - 1]) - terms[i - 1]; if (terms[i] == n) { classification = (i == 1 ? "perfect" : (i == 2 ? "amicable" : "sociable")); break; } int j = 1; for (; j < i; ++j) { if (terms[i] == terms[i - j]) break; } if (j < i) { classification = (j == 1 ? "aspiring" : "cyclic"); break; } if (terms[i] == 0) { classification = "terminating"; break; } } std::cout << n << ": " << classification << ", sequence: " << terms[0]; for (int i = 1; i < length && terms[i] != terms[i - 1]; ++i) std::cout << ' ' << terms[i]; std::cout << '\n'; } int main() { for (integer i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) classify_aliquot_sequence(i); for (integer i : {11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488}) classify_aliquot_sequence(i); classify_aliquot_sequence(15355717786080); classify_aliquot_sequence(153557177860800); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "strings" ) const threshold = uint64(1) << 47 func indexOf(s []uint64, search uint64) int { for i, e := range s { if e == search { return i } } return -1 } func contains(s []uint64, search uint64) bool { return indexOf(s, search) > -1 } func maxOf(i1, i2 int) int { if i1 > i2 { return i1 } return i2 } func sumProperDivisors(n uint64) uint64 { if n < 2 { return 0 } sqrt := uint64(math.Sqrt(float64(n))) sum := uint64(1) for i := uint64(2); i <= sqrt; i++ { if n % i != 0 { continue } sum += i + n / i } if sqrt * sqrt == n { sum -= sqrt } return sum } func classifySequence(k uint64) ([]uint64, string) { if k == 0 { panic("Argument must be positive.") } last := k var seq []uint64 seq = append(seq, k) for { last = sumProperDivisors(last) seq = append(seq, last) n := len(seq) aliquot := "" switch { case last == 0: aliquot = "Terminating" case n == 2 && last == k: aliquot = "Perfect" case n == 3 && last == k: aliquot = "Amicable" case n >= 4 && last == k: aliquot = fmt.Sprintf("Sociable[%d]", n - 1) case last == seq[n - 2]: aliquot = "Aspiring" case contains(seq[1 : maxOf(1, n - 2)], last): aliquot = fmt.Sprintf("Cyclic[%d]", n - 1 - indexOf(seq[:], last)) case n == 16 || last > threshold: aliquot = "Non-Terminating" } if aliquot != "" { return seq, aliquot } } } func joinWithCommas(seq []uint64) string { res := fmt.Sprint(seq) res = strings.Replace(res, " ", ", ", -1) return res } func main() { fmt.Println("Aliquot classifications - periods for Sociable/Cyclic in square brackets:\n") for k := uint64(1); k <= 10; k++ { seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%2d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) } fmt.Println() s := []uint64{ 11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488, } for _, k := range s { seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%7d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) } fmt.Println() k := uint64(15355717786080) seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) }
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet.
#include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <string> using integer = uint64_t; integer divisor_sum(integer n) { integer total = 1, power = 2; for (; n % 2 == 0; power *= 2, n /= 2) total += power; for (integer p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { integer sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) sum += power; total *= sum; } if (n > 1) total *= n + 1; return total; } void classify_aliquot_sequence(integer n) { constexpr int limit = 16; integer terms[limit]; terms[0] = n; std::string classification("non-terminating"); int length = 1; for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) { ++length; terms[i] = divisor_sum(terms[i - 1]) - terms[i - 1]; if (terms[i] == n) { classification = (i == 1 ? "perfect" : (i == 2 ? "amicable" : "sociable")); break; } int j = 1; for (; j < i; ++j) { if (terms[i] == terms[i - j]) break; } if (j < i) { classification = (j == 1 ? "aspiring" : "cyclic"); break; } if (terms[i] == 0) { classification = "terminating"; break; } } std::cout << n << ": " << classification << ", sequence: " << terms[0]; for (int i = 1; i < length && terms[i] != terms[i - 1]; ++i) std::cout << ' ' << terms[i]; std::cout << '\n'; } int main() { for (integer i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) classify_aliquot_sequence(i); for (integer i : {11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488}) classify_aliquot_sequence(i); classify_aliquot_sequence(15355717786080); classify_aliquot_sequence(153557177860800); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "strings" ) const threshold = uint64(1) << 47 func indexOf(s []uint64, search uint64) int { for i, e := range s { if e == search { return i } } return -1 } func contains(s []uint64, search uint64) bool { return indexOf(s, search) > -1 } func maxOf(i1, i2 int) int { if i1 > i2 { return i1 } return i2 } func sumProperDivisors(n uint64) uint64 { if n < 2 { return 0 } sqrt := uint64(math.Sqrt(float64(n))) sum := uint64(1) for i := uint64(2); i <= sqrt; i++ { if n % i != 0 { continue } sum += i + n / i } if sqrt * sqrt == n { sum -= sqrt } return sum } func classifySequence(k uint64) ([]uint64, string) { if k == 0 { panic("Argument must be positive.") } last := k var seq []uint64 seq = append(seq, k) for { last = sumProperDivisors(last) seq = append(seq, last) n := len(seq) aliquot := "" switch { case last == 0: aliquot = "Terminating" case n == 2 && last == k: aliquot = "Perfect" case n == 3 && last == k: aliquot = "Amicable" case n >= 4 && last == k: aliquot = fmt.Sprintf("Sociable[%d]", n - 1) case last == seq[n - 2]: aliquot = "Aspiring" case contains(seq[1 : maxOf(1, n - 2)], last): aliquot = fmt.Sprintf("Cyclic[%d]", n - 1 - indexOf(seq[:], last)) case n == 16 || last > threshold: aliquot = "Non-Terminating" } if aliquot != "" { return seq, aliquot } } } func joinWithCommas(seq []uint64) string { res := fmt.Sprint(seq) res = strings.Replace(res, " ", ", ", -1) return res } func main() { fmt.Println("Aliquot classifications - periods for Sociable/Cyclic in square brackets:\n") for k := uint64(1); k <= 10; k++ { seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%2d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) } fmt.Println() s := []uint64{ 11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488, } for _, k := range s { seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%7d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) } fmt.Println() k := uint64(15355717786080) seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C++ to Go, same semantics.
#include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <string> using integer = uint64_t; integer divisor_sum(integer n) { integer total = 1, power = 2; for (; n % 2 == 0; power *= 2, n /= 2) total += power; for (integer p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { integer sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) sum += power; total *= sum; } if (n > 1) total *= n + 1; return total; } void classify_aliquot_sequence(integer n) { constexpr int limit = 16; integer terms[limit]; terms[0] = n; std::string classification("non-terminating"); int length = 1; for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) { ++length; terms[i] = divisor_sum(terms[i - 1]) - terms[i - 1]; if (terms[i] == n) { classification = (i == 1 ? "perfect" : (i == 2 ? "amicable" : "sociable")); break; } int j = 1; for (; j < i; ++j) { if (terms[i] == terms[i - j]) break; } if (j < i) { classification = (j == 1 ? "aspiring" : "cyclic"); break; } if (terms[i] == 0) { classification = "terminating"; break; } } std::cout << n << ": " << classification << ", sequence: " << terms[0]; for (int i = 1; i < length && terms[i] != terms[i - 1]; ++i) std::cout << ' ' << terms[i]; std::cout << '\n'; } int main() { for (integer i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) classify_aliquot_sequence(i); for (integer i : {11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488}) classify_aliquot_sequence(i); classify_aliquot_sequence(15355717786080); classify_aliquot_sequence(153557177860800); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "strings" ) const threshold = uint64(1) << 47 func indexOf(s []uint64, search uint64) int { for i, e := range s { if e == search { return i } } return -1 } func contains(s []uint64, search uint64) bool { return indexOf(s, search) > -1 } func maxOf(i1, i2 int) int { if i1 > i2 { return i1 } return i2 } func sumProperDivisors(n uint64) uint64 { if n < 2 { return 0 } sqrt := uint64(math.Sqrt(float64(n))) sum := uint64(1) for i := uint64(2); i <= sqrt; i++ { if n % i != 0 { continue } sum += i + n / i } if sqrt * sqrt == n { sum -= sqrt } return sum } func classifySequence(k uint64) ([]uint64, string) { if k == 0 { panic("Argument must be positive.") } last := k var seq []uint64 seq = append(seq, k) for { last = sumProperDivisors(last) seq = append(seq, last) n := len(seq) aliquot := "" switch { case last == 0: aliquot = "Terminating" case n == 2 && last == k: aliquot = "Perfect" case n == 3 && last == k: aliquot = "Amicable" case n >= 4 && last == k: aliquot = fmt.Sprintf("Sociable[%d]", n - 1) case last == seq[n - 2]: aliquot = "Aspiring" case contains(seq[1 : maxOf(1, n - 2)], last): aliquot = fmt.Sprintf("Cyclic[%d]", n - 1 - indexOf(seq[:], last)) case n == 16 || last > threshold: aliquot = "Non-Terminating" } if aliquot != "" { return seq, aliquot } } } func joinWithCommas(seq []uint64) string { res := fmt.Sprint(seq) res = strings.Replace(res, " ", ", ", -1) return res } func main() { fmt.Println("Aliquot classifications - periods for Sociable/Cyclic in square brackets:\n") for k := uint64(1); k <= 10; k++ { seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%2d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) } fmt.Println() s := []uint64{ 11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488, } for _, k := range s { seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%7d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) } fmt.Println() k := uint64(15355717786080) seq, aliquot := classifySequence(k) fmt.Printf("%d: %-15s %s\n", k, aliquot, joinWithCommas(seq)) }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in Go.
#include <string> #include <iostream> #include <boost/date_time/local_time/local_time.hpp> #include <sstream> #include <boost/date_time/gregorian/gregorian.hpp> #include <vector> #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp> #include <cstdlib> #include <locale> int main( ) { std::string datestring ("March 7 2009 7:30pm EST" ) ; std::vector<std::string> elements ; boost::split( elements , datestring , boost::is_any_of( " " ) ) ; std::string datepart = elements[ 0 ] + " " + "0" + elements[ 1 ] + " " + elements[ 2 ] ; std::string timepart = elements[ 3 ] ; std::string timezone = elements[ 4 ] ; const char meridians[ ] = { 'a' , 'p' } ; std::string::size_type found = timepart.find_first_of( meridians, 0 ) ; std::string twelve_hour ( timepart.substr( found , 1 ) ) ; timepart = timepart.substr( 0 , found ) ; elements.clear( ) ; boost::split( elements , timepart , boost::is_any_of ( ":" ) ) ; long hour = std::atol( (elements.begin( ))->c_str( ) ) ; if ( twelve_hour == "p" ) hour += 12 ; long minute = std::atol( ( elements.begin( ) + 1)->c_str( ) ) ; boost::local_time::tz_database tz_db ; tz_db.load_from_file( "/home/ulrich/internetpages/date_time_zonespec.csv" ) ; boost::local_time::time_zone_ptr dyc = tz_db.time_zone_from_region( "America/New_York" ) ; boost::gregorian::date_input_facet *f = new boost::gregorian::date_input_facet( "%B %d %Y" ) ; std::stringstream ss ; ss << datepart ; ss.imbue( std::locale( std::locale::classic( ) , f ) ) ; boost::gregorian::date d ; ss >> d ; boost::posix_time::time_duration td ( hour , minute , 0 ) ; boost::local_time::local_date_time lt ( d , td , dyc , boost::local_time::local_date_time::NOT_DATE_TIME_ON_ERROR ) ; std::cout << "local time: " << lt << '\n' ; ss.str( "" ) ; ss << lt ; boost::posix_time::time_duration td2 (12 , 0 , 0 , 0 ) ; boost::local_time::local_date_time ltlater = lt + td2 ; boost::gregorian::date_facet *f2 = new boost::gregorian::date_facet( "%B %d %Y , %R %Z" ) ; std::cout.imbue( std::locale( std::locale::classic( ) , f2 ) ) ; std::cout << "12 hours after " << ss.str( ) << " it is " << ltlater << " !\n" ; boost::local_time::time_zone_ptr bt = tz_db.time_zone_from_region( "Europe/Berlin" ) ; std::cout.imbue( std::locale( "de_DE.UTF-8" ) ) ; std::cout << "This corresponds to " << ltlater.local_time_in( bt ) << " in Berlin!\n" ; return 0 ; }
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) const taskDate = "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST" const taskFormat = "January 2 2006 3:04pm MST" func main() { if etz, err := time.LoadLocation("US/Eastern"); err == nil { time.Local = etz } fmt.Println("Input: ", taskDate) t, err := time.Parse(taskFormat, taskDate) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } t = t.Add(12 * time.Hour) fmt.Println("+12 hrs: ", t) if _, offset := t.Zone(); offset == 0 { fmt.Println("No time zone info.") return } atz, err := time.LoadLocation("US/Arizona") if err == nil { fmt.Println("+12 hrs in Arizona:", t.In(atz)) } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original C++ code.
#include <chrono> #include <iostream> #include <thread> #include <vector> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { std::vector<std::thread> threads; for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) { threads.emplace_back([i, &argv]() { int arg = std::stoi(argv[i]); std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(arg)); std::cout << argv[i] << std::endl; }); } for (auto& thread : threads) { thread.join(); } }
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" "time" ) func main() { out := make(chan uint64) for _, a := range os.Args[1:] { i, err := strconv.ParseUint(a, 10, 64) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } go func(n uint64) { time.Sleep(time.Duration(n) * time.Millisecond) out <- n }(i) } for _ = range os.Args[1:] { fmt.Println(<-out) } }
Generate a Go translation of this C++ snippet without changing its computational steps.
#include<cstdlib> #include<ctime> #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int arr[10][10]; srand(time(NULL)); for(auto& row: arr) for(auto& col: row) col = rand() % 20 + 1; ([&](){ for(auto& row : arr) for(auto& col: row) { cout << col << endl; if(col == 20)return; } })(); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) values := make([][]int, 10) for i := range values { values[i] = make([]int, 10) for j := range values[i] { values[i][j] = rand.Intn(20) + 1 } } outerLoop: for i, row := range values { fmt.Printf("%3d)", i) for _, value := range row { fmt.Printf(" %3d", value) if value == 20 { break outerLoop } } fmt.Printf("\n") } fmt.Printf("\n") }
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in Go.
#include <cmath> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <tuple> #include <vector> using namespace std; auto CountTriplets(unsigned long long maxPerimeter) { unsigned long long totalCount = 0; unsigned long long primitveCount = 0; auto max_M = (unsigned long long)sqrt(maxPerimeter/2) + 1; for(unsigned long long m = 2; m < max_M; ++m) { for(unsigned long long n = 1 + m % 2; n < m; n+=2) { if(gcd(m,n) != 1) { continue; } auto a = m * m - n * n; auto b = 2 * m * n; auto c = m * m + n * n; auto perimeter = a + b + c; if(perimeter <= maxPerimeter) { primitveCount++; totalCount+= maxPerimeter / perimeter; } } } return tuple(totalCount, primitveCount); } int main() { vector<unsigned long long> inputs{100, 1000, 10'000, 100'000, 1000'000, 10'000'000, 100'000'000, 1000'000'000, 10'000'000'000}; for(auto maxPerimeter : inputs) { auto [total, primitive] = CountTriplets(maxPerimeter); cout << "\nMax Perimeter: " << maxPerimeter << ", Total: " << total << ", Primitive: " << primitive ; } }
package main import "fmt" var total, prim, maxPeri int64 func newTri(s0, s1, s2 int64) { if p := s0 + s1 + s2; p <= maxPeri { prim++ total += maxPeri / p newTri(+1*s0-2*s1+2*s2, +2*s0-1*s1+2*s2, +2*s0-2*s1+3*s2) newTri(+1*s0+2*s1+2*s2, +2*s0+1*s1+2*s2, +2*s0+2*s1+3*s2) newTri(-1*s0+2*s1+2*s2, -2*s0+1*s1+2*s2, -2*s0+2*s1+3*s2) } } func main() { for maxPeri = 100; maxPeri <= 1e11; maxPeri *= 10 { prim = 0 total = 0 newTri(3, 4, 5) fmt.Printf("Up to %d: %d triples, %d primitives\n", maxPeri, total, prim) } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C++ to Go, same semantics.
#include <cmath> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <tuple> #include <vector> using namespace std; auto CountTriplets(unsigned long long maxPerimeter) { unsigned long long totalCount = 0; unsigned long long primitveCount = 0; auto max_M = (unsigned long long)sqrt(maxPerimeter/2) + 1; for(unsigned long long m = 2; m < max_M; ++m) { for(unsigned long long n = 1 + m % 2; n < m; n+=2) { if(gcd(m,n) != 1) { continue; } auto a = m * m - n * n; auto b = 2 * m * n; auto c = m * m + n * n; auto perimeter = a + b + c; if(perimeter <= maxPerimeter) { primitveCount++; totalCount+= maxPerimeter / perimeter; } } } return tuple(totalCount, primitveCount); } int main() { vector<unsigned long long> inputs{100, 1000, 10'000, 100'000, 1000'000, 10'000'000, 100'000'000, 1000'000'000, 10'000'000'000}; for(auto maxPerimeter : inputs) { auto [total, primitive] = CountTriplets(maxPerimeter); cout << "\nMax Perimeter: " << maxPerimeter << ", Total: " << total << ", Primitive: " << primitive ; } }
package main import "fmt" var total, prim, maxPeri int64 func newTri(s0, s1, s2 int64) { if p := s0 + s1 + s2; p <= maxPeri { prim++ total += maxPeri / p newTri(+1*s0-2*s1+2*s2, +2*s0-1*s1+2*s2, +2*s0-2*s1+3*s2) newTri(+1*s0+2*s1+2*s2, +2*s0+1*s1+2*s2, +2*s0+2*s1+3*s2) newTri(-1*s0+2*s1+2*s2, -2*s0+1*s1+2*s2, -2*s0+2*s1+3*s2) } } func main() { for maxPeri = 100; maxPeri <= 1e11; maxPeri *= 10 { prim = 0 total = 0 newTri(3, 4, 5) fmt.Printf("Up to %d: %d triples, %d primitives\n", maxPeri, total, prim) } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Go.
#include <set> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { typedef set<int> TySet; int data[] = {1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4}; TySet unique_set(data, data + 6); cout << "Set items:" << endl; for (TySet::iterator iter = unique_set.begin(); iter != unique_set.end(); iter++) cout << *iter << " "; cout << endl; }
package main import "fmt" func uniq(list []int) []int { unique_set := make(map[int]bool, len(list)) for _, x := range list { unique_set[x] = true } result := make([]int, 0, len(unique_set)) for x := range unique_set { result = append(result, x) } return result } func main() { fmt.Println(uniq([]int{1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4})) }
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to Go without modifying what it does.
#include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> std::string lookandsay(const std::string& s) { std::ostringstream r; for (std::size_t i = 0; i != s.length();) { auto new_i = s.find_first_not_of(s[i], i + 1); if (new_i == std::string::npos) new_i = s.length(); r << new_i - i << s[i]; i = new_i; } return r.str(); } int main() { std::string laf = "1"; std::cout << laf << '\n'; for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { laf = lookandsay(laf); std::cout << laf << '\n'; } }
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) func lss(s string) (r string) { c := s[0] nc := 1 for i := 1; i < len(s); i++ { d := s[i] if d == c { nc++ continue } r += strconv.Itoa(nc) + string(c) c = d nc = 1 } return r + strconv.Itoa(nc) + string(c) } func main() { s := "1" fmt.Println(s) for i := 0; i < 8; i++ { s = lss(s) fmt.Println(s) } }
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in C++.
#include <cassert> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <vector> class totient_calculator { public: explicit totient_calculator(int max) : totient_(max + 1) { for (int i = 1; i <= max; ++i) totient_[i] = i; for (int i = 2; i <= max; ++i) { if (totient_[i] < i) continue; for (int j = i; j <= max; j += i) totient_[j] -= totient_[j] / i; } } int totient(int n) const { assert (n >= 1 && n < totient_.size()); return totient_[n]; } bool is_prime(int n) const { return totient(n) == n - 1; } private: std::vector<int> totient_; }; int count_primes(const totient_calculator& tc, int min, int max) { int count = 0; for (int i = min; i <= max; ++i) { if (tc.is_prime(i)) ++count; } return count; } int main() { const int max = 10000000; totient_calculator tc(max); std::cout << " n totient prime?\n"; for (int i = 1; i <= 25; ++i) { std::cout << std::setw(2) << i << std::setw(9) << tc.totient(i) << std::setw(8) << (tc.is_prime(i) ? "yes" : "no") << '\n'; } for (int n = 100; n <= max; n *= 10) { std::cout << "Count of primes up to " << n << ": " << count_primes(tc, 1, n) << '\n'; } return 0; }
package main import "fmt" func gcd(n, k int) int { if n < k || k < 1 { panic("Need n >= k and k >= 1") } s := 1 for n&1 == 0 && k&1 == 0 { n >>= 1 k >>= 1 s <<= 1 } t := n if n&1 != 0 { t = -k } for t != 0 { for t&1 == 0 { t >>= 1 } if t > 0 { n = t } else { k = -t } t = n - k } return n * s } func totient(n int) int { tot := 0 for k := 1; k <= n; k++ { if gcd(n, k) == 1 { tot++ } } return tot } func main() { fmt.Println(" n phi prime") fmt.Println("---------------") count := 0 for n := 1; n <= 25; n++ { tot := totient(n) isPrime := n-1 == tot if isPrime { count++ } fmt.Printf("%2d %2d %t\n", n, tot, isPrime) } fmt.Println("\nNumber of primes up to 25 =", count) for n := 26; n <= 100000; n++ { tot := totient(n) if tot == n-1 { count++ } if n == 100 || n == 1000 || n%10000 == 0 { fmt.Printf("\nNumber of primes up to %-6d = %d\n", n, count) } } }
Generate an equivalent Go version of this C++ code.
template<bool Condition, typename ThenType, typename Elsetype> struct ifthenelse; template<typename ThenType, typename ElseType> struct ifthenelse<true, ThenType, ElseType> { typedef ThenType type; }; template<typename ThenType, typename ElseType> struct ifthenelse<false, ThenType, ElseType> { typedef ElseType type; }; ifthenelse<INT_MAX == 32767, long int, int> ::type myvar;
if booleanExpression { statements }
Port the provided C++ code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
#include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <iterator> #include <vector> #include <cmath> using namespace std; class fractran { public: void run( std::string p, int s, int l ) { start = s; limit = l; istringstream iss( p ); vector<string> tmp; copy( istream_iterator<string>( iss ), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >( tmp ) ); string item; vector< pair<float, float> > v; pair<float, float> a; for( vector<string>::iterator i = tmp.begin(); i != tmp.end(); i++ ) { string::size_type pos = ( *i ).find( '/', 0 ); if( pos != std::string::npos ) { a = make_pair( atof( ( ( *i ).substr( 0, pos ) ).c_str() ), atof( ( ( *i ).substr( pos + 1 ) ).c_str() ) ); v.push_back( a ); } } exec( &v ); } private: void exec( vector< pair<float, float> >* v ) { int cnt = 0; while( cnt < limit ) { cout << cnt << " : " << start << "\n"; cnt++; vector< pair<float, float> >::iterator it = v->begin(); bool found = false; float r; while( it != v->end() ) { r = start * ( ( *it ).first / ( *it ).second ); if( r == floor( r ) ) { found = true; break; } ++it; } if( found ) start = ( int )r; else break; } } int start, limit; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { fractran f; f.run( "17/91 78/85 19/51 23/38 29/33 77/29 95/23 77/19 1/17 11/13 13/11 15/14 15/2 55/1", 2, 15 ); cin.get(); return 0; }
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math/big" "os" "strconv" "strings" ) func compile(src string) ([]big.Rat, bool) { s := strings.Fields(src) r := make([]big.Rat, len(s)) for i, s1 := range s { if _, ok := r[i].SetString(s1); !ok { return nil, false } } return r, true } func exec(p []big.Rat, n *big.Int, limit int) { var q, r big.Int rule: for i := 0; i < limit; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", n) for j := range p { q.QuoRem(n, p[j].Denom(), &r) if r.BitLen() == 0 { n.Mul(&q, p[j].Num()) continue rule } } break } fmt.Println() } func usage() { log.Fatal("usage: ft <limit> <n> <prog>") } func main() { if len(os.Args) != 4 { usage() } limit, err := strconv.Atoi(os.Args[1]) if err != nil { usage() } var n big.Int _, ok := n.SetString(os.Args[2], 10) if !ok { usage() } p, ok := compile(os.Args[3]) if !ok { usage() } exec(p, &n, limit) }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to Go.
#include <iostream> #include <time.h> using namespace std; class stooge { public: void sort( int* arr, int start, int end ) { if( arr[start] > arr[end - 1] ) swap( arr[start], arr[end - 1] ); int n = end - start; if( n > 2 ) { n /= 3; sort( arr, start, end - n ); sort( arr, start + n, end ); sort( arr, start, end - n ); } } }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( static_cast<unsigned int>( time( NULL ) ) ); stooge s; int a[80], m = 80; cout << "before:\n"; for( int x = 0; x < m; x++ ) { a[x] = rand() % 40 - 20; cout << a[x] << " "; } s.sort( a, 0, m ); cout << "\n\nafter:\n"; for( int x = 0; x < m; x++ ) cout << a[x] << " "; cout << "\n\n"; return system( "pause" ); }
package main import "fmt" var a = []int{170, 45, 75, -90, -802, 24, 2, 66} func main() { fmt.Println("before:", a) stoogesort(a) fmt.Println("after: ", a) fmt.Println("nyuk nyuk nyuk") } func stoogesort(a []int) { last := len(a) - 1 if a[last] < a[0] { a[0], a[last] = a[last], a[0] } if last > 1 { t := len(a) / 3 stoogesort(a[:len(a)-t]) stoogesort(a[t:]) stoogesort(a[:len(a)-t]) } }
Transform the following C++ implementation into Go, maintaining the same output and logic.
#include <iostream> #include <time.h> using namespace std; class stooge { public: void sort( int* arr, int start, int end ) { if( arr[start] > arr[end - 1] ) swap( arr[start], arr[end - 1] ); int n = end - start; if( n > 2 ) { n /= 3; sort( arr, start, end - n ); sort( arr, start + n, end ); sort( arr, start, end - n ); } } }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( static_cast<unsigned int>( time( NULL ) ) ); stooge s; int a[80], m = 80; cout << "before:\n"; for( int x = 0; x < m; x++ ) { a[x] = rand() % 40 - 20; cout << a[x] << " "; } s.sort( a, 0, m ); cout << "\n\nafter:\n"; for( int x = 0; x < m; x++ ) cout << a[x] << " "; cout << "\n\n"; return system( "pause" ); }
package main import "fmt" var a = []int{170, 45, 75, -90, -802, 24, 2, 66} func main() { fmt.Println("before:", a) stoogesort(a) fmt.Println("after: ", a) fmt.Println("nyuk nyuk nyuk") } func stoogesort(a []int) { last := len(a) - 1 if a[last] < a[0] { a[0], a[last] = a[last], a[0] } if last > 1 { t := len(a) / 3 stoogesort(a[:len(a)-t]) stoogesort(a[t:]) stoogesort(a[:len(a)-t]) } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to Go.
#include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> #include <stdlib.h> const int BMP_WID = 410, BMP_HEI = 230, MAX_BALLS = 120; class myBitmap { public: myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {} ~myBitmap() { DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush ); DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp ); } bool create( int w, int h ) { BITMAPINFO bi; ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) ); bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader ); bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8; bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w; bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h; HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() ); bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 ); if( !bmp ) return false; hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc ); SelectObject( hdc, bmp ); ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc ); width = w; height = h; return true; } void clear( BYTE clr = 0 ) { memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) ); } void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr ) { if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush ); brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr ); SelectObject( hdc, brush ); } void setPenColor( DWORD c ) { clr = c; createPen(); } void setPenWidth( int w ) { wid = w; createPen(); } HDC getDC() const { return hdc; } int getWidth() const { return width; } int getHeight() const { return height; } private: void createPen() { if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen ); pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr ); SelectObject( hdc, pen ); } HBITMAP bmp; HDC hdc; HPEN pen; HBRUSH brush; void *pBits; int width, height, wid; DWORD clr; }; class point { public: int x; float y; void set( int a, float b ) { x = a; y = b; } }; typedef struct { point position, offset; bool alive, start; }ball; class galton { public : galton() { bmp.create( BMP_WID, BMP_HEI ); initialize(); } void setHWND( HWND hwnd ) { _hwnd = hwnd; } void simulate() { draw(); update(); Sleep( 1 ); } private: void draw() { bmp.clear(); bmp.setPenColor( RGB( 0, 255, 0 ) ); bmp.setBrushColor( RGB( 0, 255, 0 ) ); int xx, yy; for( int y = 3; y < 14; y++ ) { yy = 10 * y; for( int x = 0; x < 41; x++ ) { xx = 10 * x; if( pins[y][x] ) Rectangle( bmp.getDC(), xx - 3, yy - 3, xx + 3, yy + 3 ); } } bmp.setPenColor( RGB( 255, 0, 0 ) ); bmp.setBrushColor( RGB( 255, 0, 0 ) ); ball* b; for( int x = 0; x < MAX_BALLS; x++ ) { b = &balls[x]; if( b->alive ) Rectangle( bmp.getDC(), static_cast<int>( b->position.x - 3 ), static_cast<int>( b->position.y - 3 ), static_cast<int>( b->position.x + 3 ), static_cast<int>( b->position.y + 3 ) ); } for( int x = 0; x < 70; x++ ) { if( cols[x] > 0 ) { xx = 10 * x; Rectangle( bmp.getDC(), xx - 3, 160, xx + 3, 160 + cols[x] ); } } HDC dc = GetDC( _hwnd ); BitBlt( dc, 0, 0, BMP_WID, BMP_HEI, bmp.getDC(), 0, 0, SRCCOPY ); ReleaseDC( _hwnd, dc ); } void update() { ball* b; for( int x = 0; x < MAX_BALLS; x++ ) { b = &balls[x]; if( b->alive ) { b->position.x += b->offset.x; b->position.y += b->offset.y; if( x < MAX_BALLS - 1 && !b->start && b->position.y > 50.0f ) { b->start = true; balls[x + 1].alive = true; } int c = ( int )b->position.x, d = ( int )b->position.y + 6; if( d > 10 || d < 41 ) { if( pins[d / 10][c / 10] ) { if( rand() % 30 < 15 ) b->position.x -= 10; else b->position.x += 10; } } if( b->position.y > 160 ) { b->alive = false; cols[c / 10] += 1; } } } } void initialize() { for( int x = 0; x < MAX_BALLS; x++ ) { balls[x].position.set( 200, -10 ); balls[x].offset.set( 0, 0.5f ); balls[x].alive = balls[x].start = false; } balls[0].alive = true; for( int x = 0; x < 70; x++ ) cols[x] = 0; for( int y = 0; y < 70; y++ ) for( int x = 0; x < 41; x++ ) pins[x][y] = false; int p; for( int y = 0; y < 11; y++ ) { p = ( 41 / 2 ) - y; for( int z = 0; z < y + 1; z++ ) { pins[3 + y][p] = true; p += 2; } } } myBitmap bmp; HWND _hwnd; bool pins[70][40]; ball balls[MAX_BALLS]; int cols[70]; }; class wnd { public: int wnd::Run( HINSTANCE hInst ) { _hInst = hInst; _hwnd = InitAll(); _gtn.setHWND( _hwnd ); ShowWindow( _hwnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( _hwnd ); MSG msg; ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof( msg ) ); while( msg.message != WM_QUIT ) { if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) != 0 ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } else _gtn.simulate(); } return UnregisterClass( "_GALTON_", _hInst ); } private: static int WINAPI wnd::WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( msg ) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; default: return static_cast<int>( DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam ) ); } return 0; } HWND InitAll() { WNDCLASSEX wcex; ZeroMemory( &wcex, sizeof( wcex ) ); wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX ); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.lpfnWndProc = ( WNDPROC )WndProc; wcex.hInstance = _hInst; wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW ); wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 ); wcex.lpszClassName = "_GALTON_"; RegisterClassEx( &wcex ); RECT rc; SetRect( &rc, 0, 0, BMP_WID, BMP_HEI ); AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_CAPTION, FALSE ); return CreateWindow( "_GALTON_", ".: Galton Box -- PJorente :.", WS_SYSMENU, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top, NULL, NULL, _hInst, NULL ); } HINSTANCE _hInst; HWND _hwnd; galton _gtn; }; int APIENTRY WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) { srand( GetTickCount() ); wnd myWnd; return myWnd.Run( hInstance ); }
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) const boxW = 41 const boxH = 37 const pinsBaseW = 19 const nMaxBalls = 55 const centerH = pinsBaseW + (boxW-pinsBaseW*2+1)/2 - 1 const ( empty = ' ' ball = 'o' wall = '|' corner = '+' floor = '-' pin = '.' ) type Ball struct{ x, y int } func newBall(x, y int) *Ball { if box[y][x] != empty { panic("Tried to create a new ball in a non-empty cell. Program terminated.") } b := Ball{x, y} box[y][x] = ball return &b } func (b *Ball) doStep() { if b.y <= 0 { return } cell := box[b.y-1][b.x] switch cell { case empty: box[b.y][b.x] = empty b.y-- box[b.y][b.x] = ball case pin: box[b.y][b.x] = empty b.y-- if box[b.y][b.x-1] == empty && box[b.y][b.x+1] == empty { b.x += rand.Intn(2)*2 - 1 box[b.y][b.x] = ball return } else if box[b.y][b.x-1] == empty { b.x++ } else { b.x-- } box[b.y][b.x] = ball default: } } type Cell = byte var box [boxH][boxW]Cell func initializeBox() { box[0][0] = corner box[0][boxW-1] = corner for i := 1; i < boxW-1; i++ { box[0][i] = floor } for i := 0; i < boxW; i++ { box[boxH-1][i] = box[0][i] } for r := 1; r < boxH-1; r++ { box[r][0] = wall box[r][boxW-1] = wall } for i := 1; i < boxH-1; i++ { for j := 1; j < boxW-1; j++ { box[i][j] = empty } } for nPins := 1; nPins <= pinsBaseW; nPins++ { for p := 0; p < nPins; p++ { box[boxH-2-nPins][centerH+1-nPins+p*2] = pin } } } func drawBox() { for r := boxH - 1; r >= 0; r-- { for c := 0; c < boxW; c++ { fmt.Printf("%c", box[r][c]) } fmt.Println() } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) initializeBox() var balls []*Ball for i := 0; i < nMaxBalls+boxH; i++ { fmt.Println("\nStep", i, ":") if i < nMaxBalls { balls = append(balls, newBall(centerH, boxH-2)) } drawBox() for _, b := range balls { b.doStep() } } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of C++, keeping it the same logically?
#include <iostream> int circlesort(int* arr, int lo, int hi, int swaps) { if(lo == hi) { return swaps; } int high = hi; int low = lo; int mid = (high - low) / 2; while(lo < hi) { if(arr[lo] > arr[hi]) { int temp = arr[lo]; arr[lo] = arr[hi]; arr[hi] = temp; swaps++; } lo++; hi--; } if(lo == hi) { if(arr[lo] > arr[hi+1]) { int temp = arr[lo]; arr[lo] = arr[hi+1]; arr[hi+1] = temp; swaps++; } } swaps = circlesort(arr, low, low+mid, swaps); swaps = circlesort(arr, low+mid+1, high, swaps); return swaps; } void circlesortDriver(int* arr, int n) { do { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { std::cout << arr[i] << ' '; } std::cout << std::endl; } while(circlesort(arr, 0, n-1, 0)); } int main() { int arr[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1 }; circlesortDriver(arr, sizeof(arr)/sizeof(int)); return 0; }
package main import "fmt" func circleSort(a []int, lo, hi, swaps int) int { if lo == hi { return swaps } high, low := hi, lo mid := (hi - lo) / 2 for lo < hi { if a[lo] > a[hi] { a[lo], a[hi] = a[hi], a[lo] swaps++ } lo++ hi-- } if lo == hi { if a[lo] > a[hi+1] { a[lo], a[hi+1] = a[hi+1], a[lo] swaps++ } } swaps = circleSort(a, low, low+mid, swaps) swaps = circleSort(a, low+mid+1, high, swaps) return swaps } func main() { aa := [][]int{ {6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1}, {2, 14, 4, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 0, 13, 12, -1}, } for _, a := range aa { fmt.Printf("Original: %v\n", a) for circleSort(a, 0, len(a)-1, 0) != 0 { } fmt.Printf("Sorted  : %v\n\n", a) } }