id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
1,753 | The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce ... | [
{
"answer": "base metal, gold, iron and phosphate",
"question": "What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa",
"question": "What business organization is the Congo a member o... |
1,754 | Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which... | [
{
"answer": "land, air and water",
"question": "What forms of transport are available in the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "1930s",
"question": "When was the Congo's train system built?"
},
{
"answer": "Paris",
"question": "What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlin... |
1,755 | The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Br... | [
{
"answer": "southwest",
"question": "In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?"
},
{
"answer": "534-kilometre (332 mi)",
"question": "How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?"
}
] |
1,756 | Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in... | [
{
"answer": "62",
"question": "How many languages are used in the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "Kongo",
"question": "What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "2%",
"question": "How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?"
},
{
"answer": "12%",
... |
1,757 | Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo. | [
{
"answer": "about 9,000",
"question": "Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "French",
"question": "What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?"
},
{
"answer": "Around 30... |
1,758 | According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers. | [
{
"answer": "Catholics",
"question": "What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "22.3%",
"question": "What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?"
},
{
"answer": "19.9%",
"question": "What portion of the Congolese population... |
1,759 | Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in C... | [
{
"answer": "8.9%",
"question": "How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?"
},
{
"answer": "2.8%",
"question": "What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?"
},
{
"answer": "$30",
"question": "How much was... |
1,760 | As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country. | [
{
"answer": "560",
"question": "As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "Female genital mutilation",
"question": "What does FGM stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "59.34",
"question": "How many infants die for every 1,000 live... |
1,761 | Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen ... | [
{
"answer": "16",
"question": "Public schooling is required for people under what age?"
},
{
"answer": "44%",
"question": "What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?"
},
{
"answer": "baccalaureate",
"question": "What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?"
},
{
... |
1,762 | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime ... | [
{
"answer": "executive",
"question": "What branch of government does the prime minister lead?"
},
{
"answer": "cabinet",
"question": "What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?"
},
{
"answer": "civil service",
"question": "In some political models like semi-presidential s... |
1,763 | In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largel... | [
{
"answer": "Westminster system",
"question": "What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?"
},
{
"answer": "ceremonial",
"question": "What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?"
}
] |
1,764 | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in th... | [
{
"answer": "ensure the passage of bills",
"question": "What is a central duty of the prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "royal prerogative",
"question": "What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?"
},
{
"answer": "parliament",
"question": "Using royal prerogative... |
1,765 | As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill ... | [
{
"answer": "First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service",
"question": "What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the UK?"
},
{
"answer": "Minister of Defence",
"question": "In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during Wo... |
1,766 | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | [
{
"answer": "1625",
"question": "When was the title of prime minister first used?"
},
{
"answer": "Cardinal Richelieu",
"question": "Who coined the term prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "France",
"question": "What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?"
},
{
"answe... |
1,767 | The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. | [
{
"answer": "18th century",
"question": "When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?"
},
{
"answer": "Sir Robert Walpole",
"question": "Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?"
}
] |
1,768 | The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers h... | [
{
"answer": "Thomas Cromwell",
"question": "Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?"
},
{
"answer": "Godolphin",
"question": "Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne?"
},
{
"answer": "Clarendon",
"question": "Who s... |
1,769 | The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the m... | [
{
"answer": "the monarch",
"question": "From whom did ministers derive their power?"
},
{
"answer": "the monarch",
"question": "Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?"
}
] |
1,770 | When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example,... | [
{
"answer": "Harley and St John",
"question": "Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously?"
},
{
"answer": "Clarendon",
"question": "Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?"
}
] |
1,771 | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission ... | [
{
"answer": "Glorious Revolution",
"question": "What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?"
},
{
"answer": "Bill of Rights",
"question": "What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?"
},
{
"answer": "House of Commons",
"question": "What bo... |
1,772 | A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it ... | [
{
"answer": "George I",
"question": "The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "1714",
"question": "In what year did Queen Anne die?"
},
{
"answer": "Hanover",
"question": "Where was George I's home?"
}
] |
1,773 | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole requir... | [
{
"answer": "twenty-one years",
"question": "For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "Whig",
"question": "What party did Walpole belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "doctrine of cabinet solidarity",
"question": "What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure ... |
1,774 | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and ... | [
{
"answer": "parliamentarians and legal scholars",
"question": "Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "George II and George III",
"question": "Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy?"
},
{
"answer": "Benjamin ... |
1,775 | By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S... | [
{
"answer": "president",
"question": "In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power?"
}
] |
1,776 | Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. | [
{
"answer": "Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah",
"question": "Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "1970",
"question": "When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "Bahrain",
"question": "What country... |
1,777 | The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elec... | [
{
"answer": "parliamentary republics",
"question": "Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?"
},
{
"answer": "parliamentary republics",
"question": "In whic type of government is the leader elected?"
}
] |
1,778 | This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usua... | [
{
"answer": "Premier of the State Council",
"question": "What is the term for the head of China's government?"
},
{
"answer": "Taiwan",
"question": "What is another name for the Republic of China?"
},
{
"answer": "legislature",
"question": "Whose consent is not required for the Taiwa... |
1,779 | Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party differen... | [
{
"answer": "cohabitation",
"question": "What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?"
},
{
"answer": "resignation of the government",
"question": "What can the French parliament cause in order to oust the prime minister?"
}
... |
1,780 | Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. | [
{
"answer": "Bangladesh's",
"question": "Which constitution details the role and abilities of the prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "the process of his/her appointment and dismissal",
"question": "What other considerations are included in the constitution of Bangladesh as regards the prime ministe... |
1,781 | The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese. | [
{
"answer": "the National People's Congress",
"question": "What is directly above the premier in the People's Republic of China?"
},
{
"answer": "Zŏnglĭ",
"question": "What is the pinyin form of premier?"
}
] |
1,782 | Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act,... | [
{
"answer": "the Constitution Act",
"question": "Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada?"
},
{
"answer": "1982",
"question": "When was the Constitution Act passed?"
},
{
"answer": "federal and provincial first ministers",
"question": "The Constitution Act mentions t... |
1,783 | Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. | [
{
"answer": "constitution",
"question": "What document details the role and abilities given to the prime minister of the Czech Republic?"
}
] |
1,784 | The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said "not to exist", indeed... | [
{
"answer": "first decade of the twentieth century",
"question": "When was prime minister first mentioned in a government document in the UK?"
},
{
"answer": "Balfour",
"question": "Who was the last prime minister to serve simultaneously as Chancellor of the Exchequer?"
},
{
"answer": "1... |
1,785 | Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, th... | [
{
"answer": "Margaret Thatcher",
"question": "Which prime minister was appointed only one time?"
},
{
"answer": "1979",
"question": "When was Thatcher appointed prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "1990",
"question": "When did Thatcher last hold power?"
},
{
"answer": "cabinet",
... |
1,786 | Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Iri... | [
{
"answer": "Taoiseach",
"question": "What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland?"
},
{
"answer": "the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament",
"question": "From where is the Irish prime minister usually selected?"
},
{
"answer... |
1,787 | In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the ... | [
{
"answer": "lower house of parliament",
"question": "Most parliamentary governments need to have the support of what governmental body?"
},
{
"answer": "upper houses",
"question": "Which political division does not often utilize its power, if it has any?"
},
{
"answer": "vote of confide... |
1,788 | The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister ... | [
{
"answer": "head of state",
"question": "Who can put a stop the parliamentary attempts at dissovling itself in some areas?"
},
{
"answer": "resignation of the prime minister and his or her government",
"question": "If the head of state prevents the dissolution of parliament, what needs to happe... |
1,789 | Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitutio... | [
{
"answer": "1918",
"question": "When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started?"
},
{
"answer": "1937",
"question": "In Ireland, when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "the Executive Council"... |
1,790 | In Australia, the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd. | [
{
"answer": "spill motion",
"question": "What process signals the need for the prime minister to resign in Australia?"
}
] |
1,791 | In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minis... | [
{
"answer": "Chairman of the government",
"question": "What is the Russian term for prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "Rosh HaMemshalah",
"question": "What is the Israeli term for prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno)",
"question": "What... |
1,792 | Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federat... | [
{
"answer": "president of the council of ministers",
"question": "What is the Italian term for the prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "statsminister",
"question": "What is the native term for prime minister in Scandinavia?"
}
] |
1,793 | The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria... | [
{
"answer": "premier",
"question": "What is a term that is used to mean prime minister?"
},
{
"answer": "Germany and Austria",
"question": "Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government?"
},
{
"answer": "Minister of State",
"question": "What is the head of ... |
1,794 | In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister... | [
{
"answer": "non-Commonwealth countries",
"question": "In what kinds of nations can the head of government attain the title of Excellency?"
},
{
"answer": "Right Honourable",
"question": "What honorific title can be given to prime ministers in commonwealth nations?"
},
{
"answer": "Her M... |
1,795 | In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizie... | [
{
"answer": "devolved",
"question": "What kind of government is in operation in the United Kingdom?"
},
{
"answer": "First Minister",
"question": "What are the heads of government in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland called?"
},
{
"answer": "Pradhan Mantri",
"question": "What is t... |
1,796 | The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Departmen... | [
{
"answer": "Office of the Prime Minister",
"question": "What is the head of government's office called in Canada?"
},
{
"answer": "Cabinet Office",
"question": "What is the head of government's office called in the UK?"
}
] |
1,797 | Institute of technology (also: university of technology, polytechnic university, technikon, and technical college) is a designation employed for a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system. It may be an institution of higher ... | [
{
"answer": "IT",
"question": "What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology?"
}
] |
1,798 | The English term polytechnic appeared in the early 19th century, from the French École Polytechnique, an engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris. The French term comes from the Greek πολύ (polú or polý) meaning "many" and τεχνικός (tekhnikós) meaning "arts". | [
{
"answer": "19th century",
"question": "In what century did the term polytechnic first show up?"
},
{
"answer": "École Polytechnique",
"question": "What school founded in 1794 first used a form of the word polytechnic in its name?"
},
{
"answer": "Greek",
"question": "What language ... |
1,799 | While the terms "institute of technology" and "polytechnic" are synonymous, the preference concerning which one is the preferred term varies from country to country.[citation needed] | [
{
"answer": "polytechnic",
"question": "What word means the same thing as \"institute of technology\"?"
}
] |
1,800 | The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-S... | [
{
"answer": "the Berg-Schola",
"question": "What was the first institute of technology in the world?"
},
{
"answer": "World War II",
"question": "What war led to the increased popularity of institutes of technology and polytechnics?"
},
{
"answer": "Collegium Carolinum",
"question": ... |
1,801 | In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Turkey, institutes of technology and polytechnics are institutions of higher education, and have been accredited to award academic degrees and doctorates. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, İYTE, Delft University of Tec... | [
{
"answer": "institutions of higher education",
"question": "What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be?"
}
] |
1,804 | During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new ... | [
{
"answer": "University of Technology",
"question": "What name did some universities switch to in the 1990s for marketing purposes?"
},
{
"answer": "College of Advanced Education system",
"question": "What system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies, eighties, and early n... |
1,805 | Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbou... | [
{
"answer": "TAFE",
"question": "What's the four-letter abbreviation for technically minded technical and further education institutes?"
},
{
"answer": "Melbourne Polytechnic",
"question": "What is the new name of the Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE?"
}
] |
1,806 | In Tasmania in 2009 the old college system and TAFE Tasmania have started a 3-year restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Tasmanian Skills Institute www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au and Tasmanian Academy www.academy.tas.edu.au | [
{
"answer": "2009",
"question": "TAFE Tasmania started a three-year restructuring in what year?"
}
] |
1,807 | In the higher education sector, there are seven designated Universities of Technology in Australia (though, note, not all use the phrase "university of technology", such as the Universities of Canberra and South Australia, which used to be Colleges of Advanced Education before transitioning into fully-fledged universit... | [
{
"answer": "seven",
"question": "In Australia, how many universities are recognized as Universities of Technology?"
}
] |
1,808 | Fachhochschule is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than re... | [
{
"answer": "Fachhochschule",
"question": "What's the German word for a tertiary education institution?"
},
{
"answer": "master's degrees",
"question": "In addition to Bachelor's degrees, what other kind of degree can one earn from a Fachhochschule?"
}
] |
1,809 | Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland. | [
{
"answer": "hogeschool",
"question": "What term is used in Belgium and the Netherlands to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?"
}
] |
1,810 | Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium (such as the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) are currently undergoing a process of academization. They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees. | [
{
"answer": "academization",
"question": "What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?"
}
] |
1,811 | In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might b... | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many institutes of technology in the Netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many Technical Universities are there in the Netherlands today?"
}
] |
1,812 | In Cambodia, there are Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: certificates, diplomas, and degrees. Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes and Universities tend to be independent institutions. | [
{
"answer": "Cambodia",
"question": "What country has Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes from which students can earn certificates, diplomas, and degrees?"
}
] |
1,813 | In Canada, there are Affiliate Schools, Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeship and trade programs, certificates, and diplomas. Affiliate Schools are polytechnic ... | [
{
"answer": "Affiliate Schools",
"question": "What are polytechnic divisions of national universities called in Canada?"
}
] |
1,814 | Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level, however university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guid... | [
{
"answer": "Quebec",
"question": "In what city is the École Polytechnique de Montréal located?"
},
{
"answer": "public funding",
"question": "In addition to private equity and industry sources, what's a third source of research funding for institutions of higher learning in Canada?"
}
] |
1,815 | Some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of Polytechnics Canada; a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology. | [
{
"answer": "Polytechnics Canada",
"question": "What is Canada's national alliance of 11 research-focused schools called?"
},
{
"answer": "collaborative institute-industry projects",
"question": "What kind of projects does Polytechnics Canada sponsor that can lead to technology commercialization... |
1,816 | China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical. | [
{
"answer": "1895",
"question": "In what year was the Imperial Tientsin University founded in China?"
},
{
"answer": "Capital University",
"question": "What was the first university to offer courses in liberal arts?"
},
{
"answer": "half",
"question": "What portion of China's elite u... |
1,817 | In Croatia there are many polytechnic institutes and colleges that offer a polytechnic education. The law about polytechnic education in Croatia was passed in 1997. | [
{
"answer": "1997",
"question": "What year did Croatia pass a law regarding polytechnic education?"
}
] |
1,818 | EPN is known for research and education in the applied science, astronomy, atmospheric physics, engineering and physical sciences. The Geophysics Institute monitors over the country`s seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Galápagos Islands. | [
{
"answer": "The Geophysics Institute",
"question": "What institution is in charge of tracking volcanic activity in the Galápagos Islands?"
}
] |
1,819 | One of the oldest observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory. Founded in 1873 and located 12 minutes south of the Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National P... | [
{
"answer": "Quito Astronomical Observatory",
"question": "What observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador?"
},
{
"answer": "National Polytechnic School",
"question": "What school oversees the Quito Astronomical Observatory?"
},
{
"answer": "1873",
"question": "When was the Q... |
1,820 | The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irrradiation factilities like cobalt-60 source and Electron beam processing. | [
{
"answer": "one",
"question": "EPN's Nuclear Science Department is among how many of its kind in Ecuador?"
}
] |
1,821 | Its mission is to provide high quality education, training and research in the areas of science and technology to produce qualified professionals that can apply their knowledge and skills in the country's development. | [
{
"answer": "the country's development",
"question": "If the mission is achieved, professionals will apply what they've learned to what goal?"
}
] |
1,822 | MIT raises funds from non-governmental organizations and individuals who support the mission and objectives of the Institute. Tigray Development Association, its supporters, and REST have provided the initial funds for the launching of the Institute. As a result of the unstinting efforts made by the Provisional Governi... | [
{
"answer": "50",
"question": "MIT raised money to cover tuition, room and board for what number of students?"
}
] |
1,823 | Universities of Technology are categorised as universities, are allowed to grant B.Sc. (Tech.), M.Sc. (Tech.), Lic.Sc. (Tech.), Ph.D. and D.Sc.(Tech.) degrees and roughly correspond to Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universität of Germany in prestige. In addition to universities of tec... | [
{
"answer": "Instituts de technologie",
"question": "What's the equivalent of Universities of Technology in French-speaking areas?"
}
] |
1,824 | Universities of Technology are academically similar to other (non-polytechnic) universities. Prior to Bologna process, M.Sc. (Tech.) required 180 credits, whereas M.Sc. from a normal university required 160 credits. The credits between Universities of Technology and normal universities are comparable. | [
{
"answer": "180",
"question": "How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. (Tech.) degree before the Bologna Process?"
},
{
"answer": "160",
"question": "How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. from a traditional university prior to the Bologna Process?"
}
] |
1,825 | Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from... | [
{
"answer": "Finland",
"question": "In what country are polytechnic schools designated uniquely from academic universities?"
},
{
"answer": "ammattikorkeakoulus",
"question": "What word means polytechnic school in Finnish?"
},
{
"answer": "yrkeshögskola",
"question": "What's the Swed... |
1,826 | Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include : | [
{
"answer": "technology",
"question": "Universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field?"
}
] |
1,827 | In addition, France's education system includes many institutes of technology, embedded within most French universities. They are referred-to as institut universitaire de technologie (IUT). Instituts universitaires de technologie provide undergraduate technology curricula. 'Polytech institutes', embedded as a part of e... | [
{
"answer": "institut universitaire de technologie",
"question": "What are an institute of technology called in France?"
},
{
"answer": "IUT",
"question": "What's the three-letter acronym for institut universitaire de technologie?"
}
] |
1,828 | In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term haute école specialisée for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below). | [
{
"answer": "Fachhochschule",
"question": "What's the term in German for what those in French-speaking Switzerland call haute école specialisée?"
}
] |
1,829 | Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French École polytechnique. Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain)... | [
{
"answer": "Polytechnicum",
"question": "In Eastern Europe, what is the word for an institute of technology?"
},
{
"answer": "18th",
"question": "What century in France's history included the French École polytechnique that influenced education systems in other countries?"
},
{
"answer"... |
1,830 | Fachhochschulen were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science. | [
{
"answer": "1970s",
"question": "Fachhochschulen first came about in the early years of what decade?"
},
{
"answer": "teaching",
"question": "Fachhochschulen favor an education in what, as opposed to research?"
},
{
"answer": "business",
"question": "In addition to technology, Fachh... |
1,831 | Technische Universität (abbreviation: TU) are the common terms for universities of technology or technical university. These institutions can grant habilitation and doctoral degrees and focus on research. | [
{
"answer": "TU",
"question": "What's the abbreviation for a Technische Universität?"
},
{
"answer": "research",
"question": "What's the main focus of a Technische Universität?"
}
] |
1,832 | The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests. Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts. ... | [
{
"answer": "medicine",
"question": "Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals?"
},
{
"answer": "nine",
"question": "How many Technische Universitäten make up the TU9 German Institutes of Technology?"
}
] |
1,833 | There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The four states of Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein are not operating a Technische Universität. Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universit... | [
{
"answer": "17",
"question": "How many institutes of technology are there in Germany?"
},
{
"answer": "290,000",
"question": "What's the approximate number of students in Germany who are enrolled in a university of technology?"
},
{
"answer": "Saxony",
"question": "Which German stat... |
1,834 | Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover. Some universities in Germany can also be seen as institutes of technology due to comprising a wide spread of technical sciences and having a history as a technical university. Examples are | [
{
"answer": "Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule",
"question": "What's the joint project of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig, and the University of Hanover called?"
}
] |
1,836 | The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as ac... | [
{
"answer": "The Hong Kong Polytechnic",
"question": "What was the very first polytechnic school in Hong Kong?"
},
{
"answer": "Hong Kong Technical College",
"question": "What was the original name of Hong Kong Polytechnic?"
},
{
"answer": "1984",
"question": "In what year was the Ci... |
1,837 | The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education cou... | [
{
"answer": "copper",
"question": "What kind of mining did the world's first institute of technology prepare students for?"
},
{
"answer": "1735",
"question": "What's the founding year of the first institute of technology ever?"
},
{
"answer": "Court Chamber of Vienna",
"question": "... |
1,838 | There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE. | [
{
"answer": "16",
"question": "How many private institutes of technology are there in India?"
},
{
"answer": "30",
"question": "How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?"
},
{
"answer": "AICTE",
"question": "What organization oversees India's technic... |
1,839 | In India there are many polytechnic institutes and collages that offer a polytechnic education. In India a Diploma in Engineering is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses e.g. Engineering, Pharmacy, Designing, etc. These Institutions offer three year diploma in engineering post Te... | [
{
"answer": "Diploma in Engineering",
"question": "What's the name of the diploma awarded in India for technical or vocational coursework?"
}
] |
1,840 | There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds other institute that owned by private or other institutions. | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have?"
}
] |
1,841 | However, in Bahasa Indonesia, Politeknik carries a rather different meaning than Institut Teknologi. Politeknik provides vocational education and typically offers three-year Diploma degrees, which is similar to associate degrees, instead of full, four-year bachelor's degree and the more advanced Master's and doctoral d... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "Rather than four-year Bachelor's degrees, Politeknik offer a diploma after how many years?"
}
] |
1,842 | Ireland has an "Institute of Technology" system, formerly referred to as Regional Technical College (RTCs) system. The terms "IT" and "IT's" are now widely used to describe an Institute(s) of Technology. These institutions offer sub-degree, degree and post-graduate level studies. Unlike the Irish university system an I... | [
{
"answer": "Regional Technical College",
"question": "What was the original name of Ireland's Institute of Technology system?"
}
] |
1,843 | Dublin Institute of Technology developed separately from the Regional Technical College system, and after several decades of association with the University of Dublin, Trinity College it acquired the authority to confer its own degrees. | [
{
"answer": "Dublin Institute of Technology",
"question": "What Irish institute of technology evolved independently of the Regional Technical College System?"
}
] |
1,844 | In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north: | [
{
"answer": "Politecnico",
"question": "What term in higher education refers to technical universities that award engineering degrees?"
},
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "Traditionally, how many Politecnici were there?"
}
] |
1,845 | In 2003, the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research and the Ministry of Economy and Finance jointly established the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (Italian Institute of Technology), headquartered in Genoa with 10 laboratories around Italy, which however focuses on research and does not offer undergraduate de... | [
{
"answer": "Genoa",
"question": "What city houses the headquarters of the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia?"
}
] |
1,846 | In Japan, an institute of technology (工業大学, kōgyō daigaku?) is a type of university that specializes in the sciences. See also the Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty. | [
{
"answer": "Imperial College of Engineering",
"question": "What college was the forerunner for the engineering faculty at the University of Tokyo?"
},
{
"answer": "sciences",
"question": "What area of discipline do Japan's institutes of technology specialize in?"
}
] |
1,847 | Polytechnics in Malaysia has been operated for almost 44 years. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc) (offer at Premier Polytechnics for September 2013 intake & 2014 intake), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. It was established by the Ministry of Educ... | [
{
"answer": "Malaysia",
"question": "What country has operated polytechnic institutes for nearly 44 years?"
},
{
"answer": "UNESCO",
"question": "What international organization partnered with Malaysia's Ministry of Education in 1969?"
},
{
"answer": "Ipoh",
"question": "In what city... |
1,848 | At present, Malaysia have developed 32 polytechnic at all over states in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses with 60,840 students in 2009 to 87,440 students in 2012. | [
{
"answer": "32",
"question": "How many polytechnic institutes does Malaysia have now?"
},
{
"answer": "60,840",
"question": "How many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in Malaysia in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "87,440",
"question": "How many students were enrolled in polytech... |
1,849 | The only technical university in Mauritius is the University of Technology, Mauritius with its main campus situated in La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables. It has a specialized mission with a technology focus. It applies traditional and beyond traditional approaches to teaching, training, research and consultancy. The un... | [
{
"answer": "University of Technology, Mauritius",
"question": "What's the name of Mauritius's sole technical university?"
},
{
"answer": "technology",
"question": "What's the focus of Mauritius's University of Technology's specialized mission?"
}
] |
1,850 | New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Inst... | [
{
"answer": "New Zealand",
"question": "What country considers their polytechnics, universities, and colleges state-owned institutions?"
},
{
"answer": "Universal College of Learning",
"question": "What does UCOL stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "1989",
"question": "In what year was the Ed... |
1,851 | Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with Massey University. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, afte... | [
{
"answer": "Wellington Polytechnic",
"question": "What school did Massey University combine with?"
},
{
"answer": "1990s",
"question": "In what decade did New Zealand's tertiary education institutions begin consolidation?"
},
{
"answer": "Central Institute of Technology",
"question"... |
1,852 | The Auckland University of Technology is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status; while Unitec has had repeated attempts blocked by government policy and consequent decisions; Unitec has not been able to convince the courts to overturn these decisions. | [
{
"answer": "Auckland University of Technology",
"question": "What's the only polytechnic school in New Zealand to be designated a university?"
}
] |
1,853 | The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches. Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the 10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes is to train people in various trades. | [
{
"answer": "10th",
"question": "In Pakistan, a student's tests in what grade determine their admission to a diploma program?"
},
{
"answer": "trades",
"question": "What are people being trained for, mainly, in Pakistan's polytechnic institutes?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "... |
1,854 | After successfully completing a diploma at a polytechnic, students can gain lateral entry to engineering degree (under graduate) courses called BE, which are conducted by engineering colleges affiliated to universities or University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences. | [
{
"answer": "BE",
"question": "What two-letter abbreviation is used for undergraduate engineering courses?"
}
] |
1,855 | University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Scie... | [
{
"answer": "F.Sc",
"question": "What's Pakistan's program called that's comparable to the British A Level?"
}
] |
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