id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
18,399 | Between 1832 and 2002 the currency of Greece was the drachma. After signing the Maastricht Treaty, Greece applied to join the eurozone. The two main convergence criteria were a maximum budget deficit of 3% of GDP and a declining public debt if it stood above 60% of GDP. Greece met the criteria as shown in its 1999 annu... | [
{
"answer": "drachma",
"question": "What was the currency of Greece until 2002?"
},
{
"answer": "Maastricht Treaty",
"question": "What did Greece sign to apply to join the eurozone?"
},
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many convergence criteria were there in the treaty?"
},
{
... |
18,400 | IMF's forecast said that Greece's unemployment rate would hit the highest 14.8 percent in 2012 and decrease to 14.1 in 2014. But in fact, the Greek economy suffered a prolonged high unemployemnt. The unemployment figure was between 9 per cent and 11 per cent in 2009, and it soared to 28 per cent in 2013. In 2015, Gree... | [
{
"answer": "14.8 percent",
"question": "What did IMF forecast Greece's unemployment rate to be in 2012?"
},
{
"answer": "9 per cent and 11 per cent",
"question": "What was Greece's unemployment rate between in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "28 per cent",
"question": "What did Greece's unemp... |
18,401 | Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have... | [
{
"answer": "Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate",
"question": "Does speaker of the House participate in dbate?"
},
{
"answer": "Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker",
"question": "Are snate majority leaders more influential than Speaker of the house??"
... |
18,402 | The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Mi... | [
{
"answer": "Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker",
"question": "Who takes over as Speaker if the minority party gains control of the house?"
},
{
"answer": "agreements on controversial issues",
"question": "What meetings do Minority and Majority leaders usually meet to ... |
18,403 | Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor,... | [
{
"answer": "Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position",
"question": "Are minority leaders usually experienced?"
},
{
"answer": "108th Congress",
"question": "In what congress did Nancy Pelosi bdcome minority leader?"
},
{
"answer": "20 ... |
18,405 | Traditionally, the Speaker is reckoned as the leader of the majority party in the House, with the Majority Leader as second-in-command. For instance, when the Republicans gained the majority in the House after the 2010 elections, Eric Cantor succeeded Boehner as Majority Leader. Despite this, Cantor and his successor, ... | [
{
"answer": "Speaker",
"question": "Who is the leader of the majority leader in House?"
},
{
"answer": "Majority Leader",
"question": "What is the title of seconde in command for majority party in congress?"
},
{
"answer": "Majority Leader Tom DeLay",
"question": "Who overshadowed Ho... |
18,406 | When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after losing the speaker's c... | [
{
"answer": "minority party has one less leadership position",
"question": "Does the minority or majority party have more leadership positions in House?"
},
{
"answer": "Minority Leader",
"question": "What role did Pelosi win in 112th Congress?"
},
{
"answer": "Democrats",
"question"... |
18,407 | From an institutional perspective, the rules of the House assign a number of specific responsibilities to the minority leader. For example, Rule XII, clause 6, grant the minority leader (or his designee) the right to offer a motion to recommit with instructions; Rule II, clause 6, states the Inspector General shall be ... | [
{
"answer": "Rule XII, clause 6",
"question": "What rule gives minority leader right to offer motion to recommit with instructions?"
},
{
"answer": "minority leader",
"question": "Who may place legislation on a corrections calendar?"
},
{
"answer": "certain federal entities.",
"quest... |
18,408 | The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined. To a large extent, the functions of the minority leader are defined by tradition and custom. A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative Bertrand Snell, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enuncia... | [
{
"answer": "are not well-defined",
"question": "Are minority leadership roles specified closely?"
},
{
"answer": "Representative Bertrand Snell",
"question": "What congressman largely specified the job description of minority leader?"
},
{
"answer": "He is spokesman for his party and en... |
18,409 | To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party congressional system emerged ... | [
{
"answer": "20th-century",
"question": "When was the minority leader position created? "
},
{
"answer": "not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader",
"question": "Why was minority leader position created?"
},
{
"answer": "James Madison",
"question": "Who is som... |
18,410 | During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct minority" and "to coord... | [
{
"answer": "it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader",
"question": "In the early days who represented party leadership?"
},
{
"answer": "(Federalists and Democratic-Republicans)",
"question": "In early 19th century, what... |
18,411 | Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839, ninety-seven in 1849... | [
{
"answer": "Internal party disunity",
"question": "What made identifying House leadership difficult?"
},
{
"answer": "at least twenty different candidates",
"question": "How many candidates was typical in early fields for speaker?"
},
{
"answer": "two of these seven Congresses",
"qu... |
18,412 | In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat John G. Carlisle of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed i... | [
{
"answer": "arbitrarily handed out \"choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries.",
"question": "Why was Keifer discredited/empty leader?"
},
{
"answer": "Randall Ripley",
"question": "Who's contention is it that the minority party candidate is clearly Minority Leader since 1883... |
18,413 | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | [
{
"answer": "1871 and 1873",
"question": "Prior to 1883 there is evidence that serious caucus fights occured in what years?"
},
{
"answer": "James Blaine",
"question": "What prominent ex-speaker was nominated for minority role in 1875?"
},
{
"answer": "James A. Garfield",
"question":... |
18,414 | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | [
{
"answer": "there is disagreement among historical analysts",
"question": "Is there a consensus about the time that minority leadership officially emerged as a position?"
},
{
"answer": "strong party organization and professional politicians",
"question": "What party characteristics emerged in ... |
18,415 | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | [
{
"answer": "Democrats",
"question": "Which party has always elevated minority floor leaders to speakership?"
},
{
"answer": "1994",
"question": "What year did Republicans regain control while Rober Michel was Minority Leader?"
},
{
"answer": "objecting to their private bills on the floo... |
18,416 | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | [
{
"answer": "Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President",
"question": "What is the leadership structure when party controls house and presidency?"
},
{
"answer": "more partisan nature of the House",
"question": "Is the Senate or the House more partisan?"
},
{
"a... |
18,417 | The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associ... | [
{
"answer": "minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative",
"question": "How is the minority leader able to accomplish addition demands and tasks?"
},
{
"answer": "personality and contextual factors",
"question": "What influences rol... |
18,418 | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many private calendar objector members does minority leader appoint?"
},
{
"answer": "House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission",
"question": "What 2 commissions is the minority leader a memb... |
18,419 | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | [
{
"answer": "Policy Committee",
"question": "According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader chair?"
},
{
"answer": "Steering Committee",
"question": "According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader head?"
},
{
... |
18,420 | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | [
{
"answer": "A party's floor leader",
"question": "Who plays an influential role in the formation of party policy?"
},
{
"answer": "contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization",
"question": "How are floor leaders kept infor... |
18,421 | Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to... | [
{
"answer": "hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention",
"question": "How much concern do minority leaders have for campaigning?"
},
{
"answer": "travel around the country to speak on behalf of party candidates; and they encourage incumbent colleagues to make signif... |
18,422 | Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d... | [
{
"answer": "in consultation with other party colleagues",
"question": "Does minority leader act solely to advance party objectives?"
},
{
"answer": "options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances",
"question": "Does minority leader always employ same strategy for party objectives?"
... |
18,423 | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party.... | [
{
"answer": "frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness",
"question": "What is the purpose of Obstruction?"
},
{
"answer": "motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call... |
18,424 | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | [
{
"answer": "develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals",
"question": "What important aim of minority leader pertaining to elections?"
},
{
"answer": "may employ, or threaten to use, discharge petitions to try and bring minority priorities to the floor.",
"question": "How ca... |
18,425 | Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's. For instance, to keep their party colleagues "on message," they insure that partisan colleagues are sent packets of suggested press releases or "talking points" for constituent meetings in their d... | [
{
"answer": "\"talking points\" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize \"town meetings\"",
"question": "How do minority leaders keep party priorities publicized?"
},
{
"answer": "issues and assess the party's public image; they create \"theme teams\" to craft party messag... |
18,426 | House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues. ... | [
{
"answer": "counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House",
"question": "With whom does minority leader consult and participate in news conference?"
},
{
"answer": "develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to pres... |
18,428 | When the White House is controlled by the House majority party, then the House minority leader assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party. "As Minority Leader during [President Lyndon Johnson's] Democratic administratio... | [
{
"answer": "assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party",
"question": "What is the difference in role for Minority leader when majority party holds white house?"
},
{
"answer": "propose Republican al... |
18,429 | "We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on ... | [
{
"answer": "offer our program as a substitute",
"question": "What options do minority party have in amendment phase?"
},
{
"answer": "motion to recommit and get a vote on that",
"question": "If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed?"
},
{
"answer": "sa... |
18,430 | Gephardt added that "inclusion and empowerment of the people on the line have to be done to get the best performance" from the minority party. Other techniques for fostering party harmony include the appointment of task forces composed of partisan colleagues with conflicting views to reach consensus on issues; the crea... | [
{
"answer": "appointment of task forces",
"question": "What is a good technique to foster party harmony?"
},
{
"answer": "partisan colleagues with conflicting views",
"question": "What colleagues are best to work with to reach a consensus?"
},
{
"answer": "way to reach out and involve a ... |
18,431 | The Chief Deputy Whip is the primary assistant to the whip, who is the chief vote counter for his or her party. The current chief deputy majority whip is Republican Patrick McHenry. Within the House Republican Conference, the chief deputy whip is the highest appointed position and often a launching pad for future posit... | [
{
"answer": "The Chief Deputy Whip",
"question": "Who is the chief vote counter for party?"
},
{
"answer": "Patrick McHenry.",
"question": "Who holds the highest appointed Republican position in House?"
},
{
"answer": "Senior Chief Deputy Whip",
"question": "Who is the leader of chie... |
18,432 | Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France... | [
{
"answer": "Nagorno-Karabakh Republic",
"question": "Where do Armenians mostly live besides Armenia?"
},
{
"answer": "around 5 million",
"question": "How many Armenians live outside Armenia and the republic within it?"
},
{
"answer": "Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Uk... |
18,433 | Historically, the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people. It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia. The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC, Darius I the Great of Persia... | [
{
"answer": "around the 6th century BC",
"question": "How long ago has the term 'Armenia' been used?"
},
{
"answer": "476 BC",
"question": "What is the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?"
},
{
"answer": "Hecataeus of Miletus",
"question": "Who wrote the earliest known use of 'Armenia... |
18,434 | The Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon a... | [
{
"answer": "Mount Ararat",
"question": "What mountain does Armenia surround?"
},
{
"answer": "the Bronze Age",
"question": "What era was the Hittite Empire in?"
},
{
"answer": "1600–1200 BC",
"question": "When did the Hayasa-Azzi rule?"
},
{
"answer": "1300s–1190 BC",
"q... |
18,435 | Eric P. Hamp in his 2012 Indo-European family tree, groups the Armenian language along with Greek and Ancient Macedonian ("Helleno-Macedonian") in the Pontic Indo-European (also called Helleno-Armenian) subgroup. In Hamp's view the homeland of this subgroup is the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands. H... | [
{
"answer": "Pontic Indo-European",
"question": "What subgroup does Hamp put the Armenian language in?"
},
{
"answer": "the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands",
"question": "Where does Hamp say the Pontic Indo-European languages originate?"
},
{
"answer": "Greek and Anc... |
18,436 | The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became ... | [
{
"answer": "in the late 6th century BC",
"question": "When was Armenia established?"
},
{
"answer": "the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription",
"question": "What famous inscription mentioned Armenia?"
},
{
"answer": "Orontid dynasty",
"question": "During which dynasty was Armenia establi... |
18,437 | The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with G... | [
{
"answer": "The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia",
"question": "What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?"
},
{
"answer": "Zoroastrianism",
"question": "What religion was Armenian paganism influenced by?"
},
{
"answer": "AD 301",
"question": "When did Armenia ... |
18,438 | In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. The... | [
{
"answer": "885 AD",
"question": "When did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom?"
},
{
"answer": "Ashot I",
"question": "Under which ruler did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom?"
},
{
"answer": "the Bagratid Dynasty",
"question": "What dynasty was Ashot I part of?"
},
{
"answ... |
18,439 | From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century w... | [
{
"answer": "1826",
"question": "When did the Russo-Persian War begin?"
},
{
"answer": "1828",
"question": "When did the Russo-Persian War end?"
},
{
"answer": "Treaty of Turkmenchay",
"question": "What treaty ended the Russo-Persian War?"
},
{
"answer": "mid 16th century",
... |
18,440 | Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire. Passage o... | [
{
"answer": "Governments of Republic of Turkey",
"question": "Who says they didn't kill Armenians as genocide, just because they were 'in the way of the war'?"
},
{
"answer": "diplomatic conflict",
"question": "What has happened when other countries condemned Armenian genocide?"
},
{
"an... |
18,441 | Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet U... | [
{
"answer": "independent republic",
"question": "What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920?"
},
{
"answer": "late 1920",
"question": "When did communists take over Armenia?"
},
{
"answer": "the Red Army",
"question": "Who invaded Armenia in 1920?"
},
{
"answer": "the Transc... |
18,442 | Armenians have had a presence in the Armenian Highland for over four thousand years, since the time when Hayk, the legendary patriarch and founder of the first Armenian nation, led them to victory over Bel of Babylon. Today, with a population of 3.5 million, they not only constitute an overwhelming majority in Armenia,... | [
{
"answer": "over four thousand years",
"question": "How long have Armenians lived in the highlands?"
},
{
"answer": "Hayk",
"question": "Who founded the first Armenian nation?"
},
{
"answer": "Bel of Babylon",
"question": "Who did Hayk defeat?"
},
{
"answer": "those that are... |
18,443 | Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 3... | [
{
"answer": "one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem",
"question": "What is the Armenian Quarter?"
},
{
"answer": "35",
"question": "How many people live in the Armenian monastery in or near Italy?"
},
{
"answer": "1717",
"question": "When was the Italian Armenia... |
18,444 | Within the diasporan Armenian community, there is an unofficial classification of the different kinds of Armenians. For example, Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parskahay (Պարսկահայ), while Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipananahay (Լիբանանահայ). Armenians of the Diaspora are th... | [
{
"answer": "Armenians who originate from Iran",
"question": "What are Parskahay?"
},
{
"answer": "Armenians from Lebanon",
"question": "What are Lipananahay?"
},
{
"answer": "Western",
"question": "What dialect do most Diaspora Armenians speak?"
},
{
"answer": "considerable ... |
18,445 | Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches, having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon. Today this church is known as the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, n... | [
{
"answer": "451 AD",
"question": "When did Armenia's church become independent?"
},
{
"answer": "Armenian Apostolic Church",
"question": "What is Armenia's church called?"
},
{
"answer": "Oriental Orthodox",
"question": "What type of Catholicism is Armenia's church part of?"
},
... |
18,446 | The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilic... | [
{
"answer": "Muslim",
"question": "What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia?"
},
{
"answer": "ethnic Armenian Muslims",
"question": "What are Hamshenis?"
},
{
"answer": "Kirakos Virapetsi",
"question": "Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441?"
},
{
... |
18,447 | While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the Roman Cathol... | [
{
"answer": "Armenian Catholic Church",
"question": "Which Armenian church recognizes the Pope?"
},
{
"answer": "Armenian Evangelical Church",
"question": "What broke away from the Armenian Apostolic Church?"
},
{
"answer": "Armenian Apostolic Church",
"question": "Which Armenian chu... |
18,449 | The first Armenian churches were built between the 4th and 7th century, beginning when Armenia converted to Christianity, and ending with the Arab invasion of Armenia. The early churches were mostly simple basilicas, but some with side apses. By the fifth century the typical cupola cone in the center had become widely ... | [
{
"answer": "between the 4th and 7th century",
"question": "When were early Armenian Christian churches built?"
},
{
"answer": "4th",
"question": "In which century did Armenia become Christian?"
},
{
"answer": "Hrip'simé",
"question": "What radiating style are some Armenian churches ... |
18,450 | From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities a... | [
{
"answer": "Seljuk",
"question": "Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?"
},
{
"answer": "Haghpat and Haritchavank",
"question": "What Armenian monasteries were built in the 11th century?"
},
{
"answer": "From the 9th to 11th century",
"question": "When was there an Armenian archi... |
18,451 | During Soviet rule, Armenian athletes rose to prominence winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan, who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Ol... | [
{
"answer": "1952",
"question": "When did Armenia begin winning Olympic medals?"
},
{
"answer": "Helsinki",
"question": "Where were the 1952 Olympics held?"
},
{
"answer": "Yerevan's FC Ararat",
"question": "Which Armenian football team was the most successful?"
},
{
"answer"... |
18,452 | Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious musi... | [
{
"answer": "Armenian folk music",
"question": "What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?"
},
{
"answer": "the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun",
"question": "What instruments are used in Armenian folk music?"
},
{
"answer": "the Armenian chant",
"question": "What kind of Arme... |
18,454 | Carpet-weaving is historically a major traditional profession for the majority of Armenian women, including many Armenian families. Prominent Karabakh carpet weavers there were men too. The oldest extant Armenian carpet from the region, referred to as Artsakh (see also Karabakh carpet) during the medieval era, is from ... | [
{
"answer": "Carpet-weaving",
"question": "What job do many Armenian women traditionally do?"
},
{
"answer": "early 13th century",
"question": "When is the earliest known Armenian carpet from?"
},
{
"answer": "the village of Banants (near Gandzak)",
"question": "Where is the earliest... |
18,455 | Art historian Hravard Hakobyan notes that "Artsakh carpets occupy a special place in the history of Armenian carpet-making." Common themes and patterns found on Armenian carpets were the depiction of dragons and eagles. They were diverse in style, rich in color and ornamental motifs, and were even separated in categori... | [
{
"answer": "Art historian",
"question": "What is Hakobyan's career?"
},
{
"answer": "dragons and eagles",
"question": "What creatures are often depicted on Armenian carpets?"
},
{
"answer": "eagle-carpets",
"question": "What are artsvagorgs?"
},
{
"answer": "dragon-carpets",... |
18,456 | Armenians enjoy many different native and foreign foods. Arguably the favorite food is khorovats an Armenian-styled barbecue. Lavash is a very popular Armenian flat bread, and Armenian paklava is a popular dessert made from filo dough. Other famous Armenian foods include the kabob (a skewer of marinated roasted meat an... | [
{
"answer": "an Armenian-styled barbecue",
"question": "What is khorovats?"
},
{
"answer": "Armenian flat bread",
"question": "What is lavash?"
},
{
"answer": "a popular dessert made from filo dough",
"question": "What is paklava?"
},
{
"answer": "a skewer of marinated roaste... |
18,457 | Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial a... | [
{
"answer": "millenarian restorationist Christian denomination",
"question": "What are the Jehovah Witnesses?"
},
{
"answer": "mainstream Christianity",
"question": "What are the beliefs of Jehovah Witnesses distinct from?"
},
{
"answer": "more than 8.2 million",
"question": "How man... |
18,458 | Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire... | [
{
"answer": "their door-to-door preaching",
"question": "What are Jehovah witnesses best known for?"
},
{
"answer": "military service and blood transfusions",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses refuse?"
},
{
"answer": "proper worship",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses consi... |
18,460 | From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each rem... | [
{
"answer": "From 1879",
"question": "When did Watch Tower supporters gather as autonomous congregations to study the Bible?"
},
{
"answer": "Thirty",
"question": "How many congregations were founded?"
},
{
"answer": "self-administrative",
"question": "What did the congregations whic... |
18,461 | Russell moved the Watch Tower Society's headquarters to Brooklyn, New York, in 1909, combining printing and corporate offices with a house of worship; volunteers were housed in a nearby residence he named Bethel. He identified the religious movement as "Bible Students," and more formally as the International Bible Stud... | [
{
"answer": "1909",
"question": "When did Russell move the Society's headquarters to Brooklyn?"
},
{
"answer": "printing and corporate offices with a house of worship",
"question": "What did Russell combine at the headquarters?"
},
{
"answer": "Bethel",
"question": "What was the name... |
18,462 | In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a maj... | [
{
"answer": "Joseph Franklin Rutherford",
"question": "Who was elected as the Watch Tower Society's president in January of 1917?"
},
{
"answer": "June 1917,",
"question": "When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery?"
},
{
"answer": "legal representative",
"question": "What had... |
18,463 | Rutherford centralized organizational control of the Watch Tower Society. In 1919, he instituted the appointment of a director in each congregation, and a year later all members were instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Oh... | [
{
"answer": "Cedar Point, Ohio",
"question": "Where as an international convention held in September of 1922?"
},
{
"answer": "a director",
"question": "What did Rutherford institute the appointment of in each congregation in 1919?"
},
{
"answer": "house-to-house preaching",
"questio... |
18,464 | On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independen... | [
{
"answer": "July 26, 1931",
"question": "When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society?"
},
{
"answer": "Isaiah 43:10",
"question": "What biblical passage was the name Jehovah's witnesses based on?"
},
{
"answer": "locally elected elders",
"question": "What system did R... |
18,465 | From 1932, it was taught that the "little flock" of 144,000 would not be the only people to survive Armageddon. Rutherford explained that in addition to the 144,000 "anointed" who would be resurrected—or transferred at death—to live in heaven to rule over earth with Christ, a separate class of members, the "great multi... | [
{
"answer": "1932",
"question": "From when was it taught that the little flock would not be the only people to survive Armageddon?"
},
{
"answer": "144,000",
"question": "What was the number of the little flock set at?"
},
{
"answer": "a paradise restored on earth",
"question": "Wher... |
18,466 | Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training prog... | [
{
"answer": "Nathan Knorr",
"question": "Who was appointed as the third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942?"
},
{
"answer": "a new translation of the Bible",
"question": "What did Knorr commission?"
},
{
"answer": "in 1961",
"question": "When was the full ve... |
18,467 | From 1966, Witness publications and convention talks built anticipation of the possibility that Christ's thousand-year reign might begin in late 1975 or shortly thereafter. The number of baptisms increased significantly, from about 59,000 in 1966 to more than 297,000 in 1974. By 1975, the number of active members excee... | [
{
"answer": "Christ's thousand-year reign",
"question": "From 1966, what did Witness publications and conventions think would happen in late 1975?"
},
{
"answer": "more than 297,000",
"question": "How many baptisms were there in 1974?"
},
{
"answer": "two million",
"question": "How m... |
18,468 | The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, ... | [
{
"answer": "president",
"question": "In 1976 whose power in Watch Tower Society was diminished?"
},
{
"answer": "1972",
"question": "When was the offices of restored to the Witness congregations?"
},
{
"answer": "1977",
"question": "When did Knorr die? "
},
{
"answer": "trav... |
18,470 | Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and decid... | [
{
"answer": "a body of appointed unpaid male elders",
"question": "What does each congregation have?"
},
{
"answer": "Elders",
"question": "Whose responsibility is it to conduct meetings and decide action for cases involving sexual misconduct?"
},
{
"answer": "a traveling overseer",
... |
18,471 | Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jeh... | [
{
"answer": "Baptism",
"question": "What is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses?"
},
{
"answer": "previous baptisms",
"question": "What aren't considered valid when performed by other denominations?"
},
{
"answer": "God",
"question": "What do Witness pu... |
18,472 | Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity. Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body, which assumes responsibility for interpreting and applying scripture. The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive "statement of faith", but p... | [
{
"answer": "first-century Christianity",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of?"
},
{
"answer": "the Governing Body",
"question": "Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah Witnesses? "
},
{
"answer": "through publications published by the ... |
18,473 | The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically and historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all ... | [
{
"answer": "The entire Protestant canon",
"question": "What is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God?"
},
{
"answer": "accurate",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the science and history within the Bible to be?"
},
{
"answer": "the Governing Body",
"question":... |
18,474 | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They belie... | [
{
"answer": "Jesus",
"question": "Who do Jehovah Witnesses believe is God's only direct creation?"
},
{
"answer": "the sins of humanity",
"question": "What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for?"
},
{
"answer": "a single upright post",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses believe... |
18,475 | Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who... | [
{
"answer": "a \"little flock\"",
"question": "Jehovah Witnesses believe who will go to heaven?"
},
{
"answer": "a cleansed earth",
"question": "Where will God resurrected the \"other sheep\" after Armageddon?"
},
{
"answer": "144,000",
"question": "Jehovah Witnesses interrupted Reve... |
18,476 | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God's kingdom is a literal government in heaven, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 "spirit-anointed" Christians drawn from the earth, which they associate with Jesus' reference to a "new covenant". The kingdom is viewed as the means by which God will accomplish his original purpose for ... | [
{
"answer": "a literal government in heaven",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses believe of God's kingdom?"
},
{
"answer": "144,000 \"spirit-anointed\" Christians",
"question": "Who rules with Jesus Christ in heaven according to Jehovah Witnesses?"
},
{
"answer": "accomplish his orig... |
18,478 | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of "signs". They base this bel... | [
{
"answer": "when he comes to bring a final judgment",
"question": "When will Jesus' presence end?"
},
{
"answer": "ousted from heaven",
"question": "What happened to Satan when Jesus started his rule?"
},
{
"answer": "invisibly",
"question": "How do Jehovah Witnesses believe that Je... |
18,480 | Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with th... | [
{
"answer": "their efforts to spread their beliefs",
"question": "What are Jehovah Witnesses probably best known for by outsiders?"
},
{
"answer": "700",
"question": "How many languages is the Watch Tower Society literature published in?"
},
{
"answer": "start a regular \"Bible study\"",... |
18,481 | Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as "a scriptural divorce". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual ... | [
{
"answer": "discouraged",
"question": "What is Jehovah Witnesses' view of divorce?"
},
{
"answer": "adultery",
"question": "What is an acceptable grounds for divorce for a Jehovah Witness?"
},
{
"answer": "adulterous",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage whe... |
18,483 | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements se... | [
{
"answer": "can only be one truth from God",
"question": "Why do Jehovah Witnesses believe the Bible condemns mixing of religions?"
},
{
"answer": "\"separate from the world.\"",
"question": "What are Jehovah Witnesses taught it's vital to remain?"
},
{
"answer": "represents true Christ... |
18,484 | Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community impro... | [
{
"answer": "Christ",
"question": "Who is king of God's kingdom in heaven?"
},
{
"answer": "neutral",
"question": "What do Jehovah Witnesses remain politically?"
},
{
"answer": "voting",
"question": "What are Jehovah Witnesses discouraged from doing?"
},
{
"answer": "they con... |
18,485 | They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. Jehovah's Witnesses se... | [
{
"answer": "associated with the military",
"question": "What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?"
},
{
"answer": "their arrest and imprisonment",
"question": "What may a Jehovah Witnesses' refusal to serve in the natural military service result in, in some countries?"
},
{
... |
18,486 | Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the religion. Members are directed to re... | [
{
"answer": "Acts 15:28, 29",
"question": "What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?"
},
{
"answer": "willing acceptance of a blood transfusion",
"question": "What is grounds for expulsion from Jehovah Witnesses, since 1961?"
},
{
"answer": "non-bloo... |
18,487 | Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions a... | [
{
"answer": "blood plasma fractions",
"question": "What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion? "
},
{
"answer": "major blood components",
"question": "What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?"
},
{
"... |
18,488 | As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and "Bible study" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publis... | [
{
"answer": "publishers",
"question": "What term do Jehovah's Witnesses use for members actively involved in preaching?"
},
{
"answer": "8.2 million",
"question": "How many publishers did the Jehovah's Witnesses have as of August 2015?"
},
{
"answer": "118,016",
"question": "How many... |
18,489 | The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. As a result, only about half of those who self-identifie... | [
{
"answer": "those who submit reports for their personal ministry",
"question": "Where do the officially published membership statistics come from?"
},
{
"answer": "active",
"question": "Only about half all Jehovah's Witnesses are actually considered what in the faith itself?"
},
{
"answ... |
18,490 | Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Ot... | [
{
"answer": "Sociologist",
"question": "What is the profession of James A. Beckford?"
},
{
"answer": "1975",
"question": "When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?"
},
{
"answer": "Totalizing",
"question": "What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational stru... |
18,491 | A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bibl... | [
{
"answer": "high school graduation",
"question": "Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in people whose education extended no further than what?"
},
{
"answer": "reading",
"question": "Compared to other religions, Jehovah's Witnesses have the highest frequency of doing what wi... |
18,492 | Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other time... | [
{
"answer": "Political and religious animosity",
"question": "What has at times led to immense violence against Jehovah's Witnesses?"
},
{
"answer": "doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military",
"question": "Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned?... |
18,493 | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | [
{
"answer": "authorities and other religions",
"question": "Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s?"
},
{
"answer": "Whalen, Harrison and Schnell",
"question": "What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpos... |
18,494 | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | [
{
"answer": "reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties",
"question": "What did Jehovah's Witnesses persistent legal challenges result in, in the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "federal and state",
"question": "What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?"
},
{
... |
18,495 | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | [
{
"answer": "the Governing Body",
"question": "Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses?"
},
{
"answer": "dissent",
"question": "What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?"
},
{
"answer": "expelled and shunned",
"question": "What happens to members ... |
18,496 | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | [
{
"answer": "Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four",
"question": "What do former Jehovah's Witnesses members Heath and Gary Botting compare the culture of the religion to?"
},
{
"answer": "Alan Rogerson",
"question": "Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian? "
},
{
... |
18,497 | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | [
{
"answer": "Sociologist",
"question": "What profession did Rodney Stark grow up to become?"
},
{
"answer": "\"not always very democratic\"",
"question": "What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses?"
},
{
"answer": "\"part of the power structure rather th... |
18,498 | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | [
{
"answer": "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world",
"question": "What is the New World Translation the most accurate translation of?"
},
{
"answer": "religious bias",
"question": "What do many Bible scholars assume the differences in the New World Translation are the resul... |
18,499 | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | [
{
"answer": "Jehovah's Witnesses",
"question": "Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used?"
},
{
"answer": "world events",
"question": "What have various Jehovah's Witnesses' publications made predictions about?"
},
{
"answer": "to declare his will",
"question": "Wha... |
18,500 | The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing vie... | [
{
"answer": "biblical chronology",
"question": "What does George D. Chryssides suggest the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses can be attributed to changed understandings of?"
},
{
"answer": "that it is a false prophet",
"question": "What accusations does the Watch Tower Society ... |
18,501 | Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sex... | [
{
"answer": "sexual abuse",
"question": "What are Jehovah's Witnesses accused of concealing within their organization?"
},
{
"answer": "Jehovah's",
"question": "Whose hands should elders leave allegations of sexual abuse in when the accused person denies wrongdoing?"
},
{
"answer": "pedo... |
18,502 | The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Respons... | [
{
"answer": "abuse allegations",
"question": "What has the Jehovah's Witnesses failure to report to authorities been criticized? "
},
{
"answer": "not one",
"question": "Of the 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950,... |
18,503 | Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of... | [
{
"answer": "Ike",
"question": "What was Eisenhower's nickname?"
},
{
"answer": "David",
"question": "What was the middle name of Dwight Eisenhower?"
},
{
"answer": "1953",
"question": "In what year did Eisenhower's presidency begin?"
},
{
"answer": "Supreme Commander of the ... |
18,504 | Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing... | [
{
"answer": "keep pressure on the Soviet Union",
"question": "Along with reducing the federal deficit, what was Eisenhower's main policy priority as president?"
},
{
"answer": "nuclear weapons",
"question": "What did Eisenhower threaten to use to end the Korean War?"
},
{
"answer": "Iran... |
18,505 | After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet ... | [
{
"answer": "British and French",
"question": "Along with Israel, what countries' armies invaded Egypt in 1956?"
},
{
"answer": "1957",
"question": "In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite?"
},
{
"answer": "NASA",
"question": "What organization did E... |
18,506 | On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and e... | [
{
"answer": "McCarthyism",
"question": "Why political movement was named for Joseph McCarthy?"
},
{
"answer": "executive privilege",
"question": "What political theory did Eisenhower use to oppose McCarthy?"
},
{
"answer": "Nixon",
"question": "Who served as Eisenhower's vice preside... |
18,507 | His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Menno... | [
{
"answer": "Bible",
"question": "What book did Eisenhower's parents read every day?"
},
{
"answer": "River Brethren",
"question": "What Mennonite sect did Eisenhower's mother initially belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "Jehovah's Witnesses",
"question": "What is another name for the Intern... |
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