id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
3,634 | After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced. Better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Eas... | [
{
"answer": "the Hot 100 chart",
"question": "What chart did the Easy Listening chart begin to diverge from?"
},
{
"answer": "1965",
"question": "In what year did the Easy Listening and Hot 100 charts begin to diverge?"
},
{
"answer": "Bobby Vinton",
"question": "Along with Roger Mil... |
3,635 | One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These middle of the road (or "MOR") stations also frequently included older... | [
{
"answer": "1950s",
"question": "During what decade did rock and roll music first rise to popularity?"
},
{
"answer": "middle of the road",
"question": "What does the acronym MOR stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "big band titles",
"question": "Along with pre-rock standards, what type of o... |
3,636 | Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or "beautiful music" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient. Whereas most easy listening music was instrumental, created by relatively unknown artists, and rarely purchased, AC was an atte... | [
{
"answer": "beautiful music",
"question": "What was another term for easy listening stations?"
},
{
"answer": "instrumental",
"question": "Easy listening was predominately what type of music?"
},
{
"answer": "hit singles and album cuts",
"question": "What types of tracks from popula... |
3,637 | Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melo... | [
{
"answer": "1965",
"question": "As of what year was hard rock a mainstream type of music?"
},
{
"answer": "hard rock",
"question": "Along with soft rock, what type of music made up mainstream rock music in the late 1960s?"
},
{
"answer": "acoustic",
"question": "What type of instrum... |
3,638 | The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts... | [
{
"answer": "1960s",
"question": "At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge?"
},
{
"answer": "1970s",
"question": "During the middle and early parts of what decade did the similarity of Easy Listening and Hot 100 increase?"
},
{
"answer": "bega... |
3,639 | Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY... | [
{
"answer": "the mid-to-late 1970s",
"question": "During what period was adult contemporary its most commercially successful?"
},
{
"answer": "Fleetwood Mac",
"question": "What artist released the best selling album of the 1970s?"
},
{
"answer": "1977",
"question": "In what year was ... |
3,640 | Radio stations played Top 40 hits regardless of genre; although, most were in the same genre until the mid-1970s when different forms of popular music started to target different demographic groups, such as disco vs. hard rock. This evolved into specialized radio stations that played specific genres of music, and gener... | [
{
"answer": "disco",
"question": "What genre of music was was listening to by a different demographic than hard rock?"
},
{
"answer": "1970s",
"question": "In what decade did genres begin to diverge on the basis of demographic groups?"
}
] |
3,641 | By the early 1970s, softer songs by artists like The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Streisand, began to be played more often on "Top 40" radio and others were added to the mix on many AC stations. Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elto... | [
{
"answer": "Billy Joel",
"question": "Along with Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart and Elvis Presley, what rock musician sometimes had songs featured on adult contemporary radio?"
},
{
"answer": "the early 1970s",
"question": "During what period were artists like Anne Murray and Barbra St... |
3,642 | Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian got as much, if not more, airplay on this format than on Top 40 stations. Easy Listening radio also began including songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or R&B. In a... | [
{
"answer": "R&B",
"question": "Along with rock and roll, what genre of music was sometimes featured on Easy Listening radio?"
},
{
"answer": "disco",
"question": "What genre of music was surprisingly successful on adult contemporary radio?"
},
{
"answer": "singer-songwriters",
"ques... |
3,643 | On April 7, 1979, the Easy Listening chart officially became known as Adult Contemporary, and those two words have remained consistent in the name of the chart ever since. Adult contemporary music became one of the most popular radio formats of the 1980s. The growth of AC was a natural result of the generation that fir... | [
{
"answer": "April 7, 1979",
"question": "When did the Adult Contemporary chart receive its current name?"
},
{
"answer": "the Easy Listening chart",
"question": "What was the Adult Contemporary chart previously known as?"
},
{
"answer": "heavy metal",
"question": "Along with rap/hip... |
3,644 | Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples... | [
{
"answer": "Michael Jackson",
"question": "Along with Richard Marx, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan, what artist was also frequently played on Contemporary Hit Radio stations?"
},
{
"answer": "MTV",
"question": "What television station was responsible for the incr... |
3,645 | The amount of crossover between the AC chart and the Hot 100 has varied based on how much the passing pop music trends of the times appealed to adult listeners. Not many disco or new wave songs were particularly successful on the AC chart during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and much of the hip-hop and harder rock mu... | [
{
"answer": "disco or new wave",
"question": "In the 1970s, what two genres were not particularly successful on the adult contemporary charts?"
},
{
"answer": "hip-hop and harder rock music",
"question": "What genres, featured on the CHR radio format, were rarely found on adult contemporary radi... |
3,646 | Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated the 1980s, soft rock songs still enjoyed a mild success thanks to artists like Sheena Easton, Amy Grant, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dan Hill, Leo Sayer, Billy Ocean, Julio Iglesias, Bertie Higgins and Tommy Page. No song spent more than s... | [
{
"answer": "ballad-oriented rock",
"question": "Along with electronic pop, what type of music was the most successful in the 1980s?"
},
{
"answer": "soft rock",
"question": "What genre did the music of Billy Ocean belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "six weeks",
"question": "What was the lon... |
3,647 | In 1989, Linda Ronstadt released Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind, described by critics as "the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade", featuring American soul singer Aaron Neville on several of the twelve tracks. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the United States alone and became a major ... | [
{
"answer": "Linda Ronstadt",
"question": "What artist issued the album known as \"the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade\"?"
},
{
"answer": "1989",
"question": "In what year was the album Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind released?"
},
{
"answer": "Aaron Neville",
... |
3,648 | The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence. This in part led to a widening of the market, not only allowing to cater to more niche markets, but it also became customary for artists to make AC-friendly singles. | [
{
"answer": "1990s",
"question": "What decade saw the emergence of alternative rock?"
},
{
"answer": "softening",
"question": "What happened to urban R&B in the early 1990s?"
},
{
"answer": "widening of the market",
"question": "The resurgence of traditional pop was one of the factor... |
3,649 | Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts. Latin pop artists such as Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Selena, Enrique Iglesias an... | [
{
"answer": "1980s",
"question": "Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts?"
},
{
"answer": "Savage Garden",
"question": "Along with All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera and Backstreet Boys, what 90s artists were notabl... |
3,650 | In addition to Celine Dion, who has had significant success on this chart, other artists with multiple number ones on the AC chart in the 1990s include Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain. Newer female singer-songwriters such as Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Jewel, Melissa ... | [
{
"answer": "multiple number ones",
"question": "What milestone did Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain share on the 1990s adult contemporary charts?"
},
{
"answer": "Jewel",
"question": "Along with Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Melissa ... |
3,651 | In 1996, Billboard created a new chart called Adult Top 40, which reflects programming on radio stations that exists somewhere between "adult contemporary" music and "pop" music. Although they are sometimes mistaken for each other, the Adult Contemporary chart and the Adult Top 40 chart are separate charts, and songs r... | [
{
"answer": "Adult Top 40",
"question": "What was the name of the chart created by Billboard in 1996?"
},
{
"answer": "\"adult contemporary\" music and \"pop\" music",
"question": "Adult Top 40 represented a midpoint between what two radio formats?"
},
{
"answer": "Adult Contemporary",
... |
3,652 | In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently. The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rappi... | [
{
"answer": "Barry Mayo",
"question": "Who invented the term \"urban adult contemporary format\"?"
},
{
"answer": "African Americans",
"question": "What demographic group is the urban adult contemporary format marketed to?"
},
{
"answer": "rapping",
"question": "What style of singing... |
3,653 | Another format, rhythmic AC, in addition to playing all the popular hot and soft AC music, past and present, places a heavy emphasis on disco as well as 1980s and 1990s dance hits, such as those by Amber, C&C Music Factory and Black Box, and includes dance remixes of pop songs, such as the Soul Solution mix of Toni Bra... | [
{
"answer": "Toni Braxton",
"question": "Who performed the song \"Unbreak My Heart\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Amber",
"question": "What is the name of a notable dance artist along with C&C Music Factory and Black Box?"
},
{
"answer": "rhythmic AC",
"question": "What radio station format pla... |
3,654 | In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and sof... | [
{
"answer": "smooth jazz",
"question": "What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary?"
},
{
"answer": "instrumental",
"question": "What type of music was predominantly played on smooth jazz stations?"
},
{
"answer": "George Benson",
"question": "Al... |
3,655 | A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather ... | [
{
"answer": "senior vice president for adult music",
"question": "What is Adrian Moreira's job title?"
},
{
"answer": "RCA Music Group",
"question": "For what company does Adrian Moreira work?"
},
{
"answer": "Corey Moss",
"question": "Who wrote, \"In other words, AC stations are whe... |
3,656 | With the mixture of radio friendly AC tunes with some rock and pop fare also landing on the pop charts, mainstream songs won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play. Part of the reason why more and more hot AC stat... | [
{
"answer": "less and less new music fits their bill",
"question": "Who have hot AC format radio stations had to change the music they play?"
},
{
"answer": "dance-pop and electronic dance music",
"question": "By what two genres are modern pop songs heavily influenced?"
},
{
"answer": "t... |
3,657 | A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friend... | [
{
"answer": "the \"Candlelight Mix\"",
"question": "What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of \"Heaven\"?"
},
{
"answer": "D.H.T.",
"question": "Who recorded the song \"Listen To Your Heart\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Cascada",
"question": "Who is known for the song \"Everytime We Touch\"?"
}... |
3,658 | While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become success... | [
{
"answer": "Michael Bublé",
"question": "Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?"
},
{
"answer": "ballad heavy",
"question": "What sort of sound does the music of Susan Boyle have?"
},
{
"answer": "Carrie Underwood",
"quest... |
3,659 | Since the mid-2000s, the mainstreaming of bands like Wilco and Feist have pushed indie rock into the adult contemporary conversation. In the early 2010s, indie musicians like Imagine Dragons, Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, The Lumineers and Ed Sheeran also had indie songs that crossed over to the adult contemporary... | [
{
"answer": "indie rock",
"question": "What genre of music are bands like Feist and Wilco?"
},
{
"answer": "Imagine Dragons",
"question": "Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success?"
},
{
"answer": "20... |
3,660 | The consolidation of the "hot AC" format contrasted with the near-demise of most other AC formats: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats. Diminishing physical record sales also proved a ... | [
{
"answer": "the 2005-2007 economic downturn",
"question": "Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations?"
},
{
"answer": "urban",
"question": "Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to?"
... |
3,661 | The "soft" AC format has reinvented in the late 2000s/early 2010s as a result of its declining relevance, adopting a more upmarket, middle-of-the-road approach, with a selection of "oldies" (usually from the 1960s/70s onwards), primarily rock, jazz, R&B and pop music. Newer songs are more often (but not limited to) "ea... | [
{
"answer": "1960s",
"question": "Generally speaking, what is the earliest decade represented by the \"oldies\" on soft AC stations?"
},
{
"answer": "jazz",
"question": "Along with R&B, pop and rock, what genre of music is represented on modern soft AC stations?"
},
{
"answer": "\"easy l... |
3,662 | Termed "the acoustic equivalent to Prozac", soft adult contemporary, a more adult-oriented version of AC, was born in the late 1970s and grew in the early 1980s. WEEI-FM in Boston was the first station to use the term "soft rock", with ad slogans such as, "Fleetwood Mac ... without the yack" and "Joni ... without the b... | [
{
"answer": "soft adult contemporary",
"question": "What radio format was described as being \"the acoustic equivalent to Prozac\"?"
},
{
"answer": "1970s",
"question": "What decade saw the birth of the soft adult contemporary format?"
},
{
"answer": "WEEI-FM",
"question": "What radi... |
3,663 | Other popular names for the format include "Warm", "Sunny", "Bee" (or "B") and (particularly in Canada) "EZ Rock". The format can be seen as a more contemporary successor to and combination of the middle of the road (MOR), beautiful music, easy listening and soft rock formats. Many stations in the soft AC format capita... | [
{
"answer": "Canada",
"question": "In what country is soft adult contemporary called \"EZ Rock\"?"
},
{
"answer": "beautiful music",
"question": "Along with MOR, easy listening and soft rock, what format is soft adult contemporary a successor to?"
},
{
"answer": "office workers",
"qu... |
3,664 | A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rota... | [
{
"answer": "raising children",
"question": "Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?"
},
{
"answer": "1960s and 1970s",
"question": "Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?"
},
{
... |
3,665 | The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the musi... | [
{
"answer": "jazz and big band",
"question": "What radio station formats faced demographic pressures in the 1960s and 70s?"
},
{
"answer": "oldies",
"question": "What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day?"
},
{
"answer": "adult standards",
"question... |
3,666 | Artists contributing to this format include mainly soft rock/pop singers such as, Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony. | [
{
"answer": "Frank Sinatra",
"question": "Along with Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony, what notable artist is featured on the soft AC format?"
}
] |
3,667 | Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmi... | [
{
"answer": "contemporary mainstream music",
"question": "Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?"
},
{
"answer": "adult",
"question": "What is the primary audience of hot adult contemporary format stations?"
},
{
"answer": "Generation Z",
... |
3,668 | This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody ... | [
{
"answer": "dance-pop",
"question": "Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue are artists in what genre of music?"
},
{
"answer": "boybands",
"question": "What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?"
},
{
"answer": "power pops",
"question": "What genre of music is pla... |
3,669 | Modern adult contemporary can be a variation of hot AC, and includes modern rock titles in its presentation. In 1997, Mike Marino of KMXB in Las Vegas described the format as reaching "an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs." The for... | [
{
"answer": "KMXB",
"question": "What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?"
},
{
"answer": "Las Vegas",
"question": "Where was the radio station KMXB based in 1997?"
},
{
"answer": "18-34",
"question": "What age demographic is modern rock radio focused on?"
},
{
"answer"... |
3,670 | Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience. | [
{
"answer": "adult",
"question": "What age group is Urban AC focused towards?"
},
{
"answer": "African-American",
"question": "What race is the target demographic of Urban AC radio?"
},
{
"answer": "Des'ree",
"question": "Who is an example of an artist played on Urban AC format radio... |
3,671 | The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's co... | [
{
"answer": "soft AC",
"question": "What other adult contemporary radio format is urban AC similar to?"
},
{
"answer": "hip-hop",
"question": "What genre of music is not played frequently on urban AC?"
},
{
"answer": "R&B and soul music",
"question": "What two genres of music are pop... |
3,672 | A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor an... | [
{
"answer": "rhythmic oldies",
"question": "What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?"
},
{
"answer": "1960s",
"question": "What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?"
},
{
"answer": "1990s",
"question"... |
3,673 | A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format ... | [
{
"answer": "quiet storm",
"question": "What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?"
},
{
"answer": "quiet storm",
"question": "What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?"
},
{
"answer": "the evening",
"question": "At what ti... |
3,674 | Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure yo... | [
{
"answer": "mainstream AC",
"question": "Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?"
},
{
"answer": "smooth jazz",
"question": "What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?"
},
{
"answer": "the weekends",
"q... |
3,675 | Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined... | [
{
"answer": "urban AC",
"question": "Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?"
},
{
"answer": "songcraft and sophistication",
"question": "What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?"
},
{
"answer": "Philly soul",
"questio... |
3,676 | In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ba... | [
{
"answer": "jazz-R&B fusion",
"question": "What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?"
},
{
"answer": "crossover R&B",
"question": "Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?"
},
{
"answer": "1980s",
"question": "During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandr... |
3,677 | Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Trocc... | [
{
"answer": "Contemporary Christian music",
"question": "What is CCM an acronym of?"
},
{
"answer": "Christian AC",
"question": "What genre of music is performed by MercyMe?"
},
{
"answer": "Radio & Records",
"question": "What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?... |
3,678 | In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most s... | [
{
"answer": "soft AC",
"question": "What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?"
},
{
"answer": "November and December",
"question": "During what two months does the Christmas season take place?"
},
{
"answer": "Johnny Mathis",
"question": ... |
3,679 | These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots ... | [
{
"answer": "the week before Thanksgiving Day",
"question": "When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?"
},
{
"answer": "after Christmas Day",
"question": "When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?"
},
{
"... |
3,680 | Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (... | [
{
"answer": "20th",
"question": "In what century was the term matter defined excluding energy phenomena like light and sound?"
},
{
"answer": "matter",
"question": "What term is used for the substance that composes all observable physical objects?"
},
{
"answer": "interaction energies",
... |
3,681 | All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because t... | [
{
"answer": "atoms",
"question": "What kind of particles make up every object in the world that can be touched?"
},
{
"answer": "subatomic",
"question": "The smaller particles that make up atoms, like protons and neutrons, are what kind of particles?"
},
{
"answer": "photons",
"quest... |
3,682 | Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of ... | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many phases of matter are there?"
},
{
"answer": "quark–gluon plasma",
"question": "What new phase of matter can be considered with a focus on elementary particles?"
},
{
"answer": "particulate theory of matter",
"question": "What is the theory th... |
3,683 | Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on ... | [
{
"answer": "mass",
"question": "What similar term is often used interchangeably with matter, although the two differ slightly in modern physics?"
},
{
"answer": "closed",
"question": "Being a conserved quantity means that the value of mass doesn't ever change as long as it's in what kind of sys... |
3,684 | Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientif... | [
{
"answer": "matter",
"question": "What term does science not have a universally-accepted scientific definition for?"
},
{
"answer": "mass",
"question": "Sometimes scientific terms were historically considered in ways we know now aren't compatible because scientists didn't need to distinguish ma... |
3,685 | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional plac... | [
{
"answer": "Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster",
"question": "What was Westminster Abbey's original name?"
},
{
"answer": "Gothic",
"question": "What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered?"
},
{
"answer": "City of Westminster, London",
"question": "In what... |
3,686 | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | [
{
"answer": "1245",
"question": "What year did the construction of the church begin?"
},
{
"answer": "King Henry III",
"question": "Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?"
},
{
"answer": "Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)",
"question": "What was the area previously named?"
},
{
"answe... |
3,687 | The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmong... | [
{
"answer": "Aldrich",
"question": "What was the name of the fisherman in lore that saw a vision of Saint Peter near the Abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "salmon",
"question": "What type of fish did the Abbey receive from Thames fisherman?"
},
{
"answer": "Benedictine",
"question": "What kind ... |
3,688 | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death o... | [
{
"answer": "Romanesque style",
"question": "What architectural design was St Peter's abbey considered?"
},
{
"answer": "1090",
"question": "What year was the building finished?"
},
{
"answer": "28 December 1065",
"question": "What was the date of the Abbey's coronation? "
},
{
... |
3,689 | Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some ... | [
{
"answer": "Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror",
"question": "Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "1066",
"question": "Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "16",
"question": "How many royal weddings... |
3,690 | The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abb... | [
{
"answer": "Bayeux Tapestry",
"question": "Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "a dozen",
"question": "What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community?"
},
{
"answer": "endowments",
"question": "How was the community able to increa... |
3,691 | The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from th... | [
{
"answer": "The abbot and monks",
"question": "Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?"
},
{
"answer": "government",
"question": "The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?"
},
{
"answer": "The abbot",
"question": "Who was employed on ... |
3,692 | The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a co... | [
{
"answer": "Lord of the Manor of Westminster",
"question": "What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "the town economy",
"question": "What did the monastery help fuel?"
},
{
"answer": "shops and dwellings",
"question": "What did the abbey build on ... |
3,693 | The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic na... | [
{
"answer": "coronation site",
"question": "What was the abbey to Norman kings?"
},
{
"answer": "Henry Yevele",
"question": "What architect continued work on the abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "Richard II",
"question": "Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey?"
},... |
3,694 | Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed] | [
{
"answer": "Henry VII",
"question": "Who added a Perpendicular style chapel?"
},
{
"answer": "Blessed Virgin Mary",
"question": "Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to?"
},
{
"answer": "Caen",
"question": "What part of France did the Caen stone come from?"
},
{
... |
3,695 | In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey. | [
{
"answer": "1535",
"question": "When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800?"
},
{
"answer": "£1,310,000 to £1,530,000",
"question": "What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?"
},
{
"answer": "Glastonbury Abbey",
"question": "To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second ... |
3,696 | Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he i... | [
{
"answer": "1539",
"question": "When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?"
},
{
"answer": "Henry VIII",
"question": "Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?"
},
{
"answer": "destruction",
"question": "What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?"
},
{
"a... |
3,697 | Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint P... | [
{
"answer": "1550",
"question": "When was Westminster Diocese dissolved?"
},
{
"answer": "a second cathedral of the Diocese of London",
"question": "The abbey was recognised as what until 1556?"
},
{
"answer": "Saint Peter",
"question": "Who is the abbey dedicated to?"
}
] |
3,698 | The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and ma... | [
{
"answer": "Mary I of England",
"question": "The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom?"
},
{
"answer": "Elizabeth I",
"question": "Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?"
},
{
"answer": "Collegiate Church of St Peter",
"question": "What was the new name of the abbey... |
3,699 | It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at... | [
{
"answer": "1640s",
"question": "When did the abbey suffer damage?"
},
{
"answer": "Puritan iconoclasts",
"question": "Who attacked the abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "ties to the state during the Commonwealth",
"question": "What protected the abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "Oliver Cromwell... |
3,700 | The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble. Furt... | [
{
"answer": "between 1722 and 1745",
"question": "When were the western towers built?"
},
{
"answer": "Nicholas Hawksmoor",
"question": "Who built the western towers of the abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "Purbeck",
"question": "What kind of marble was used for the walls and floors of the abb... |
3,701 | A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, wi... | [
{
"answer": "A narthex",
"question": "What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?"
},
{
"answer": "mid-20th century",
"question": "When was the narthex designed?"
},
{
"answer": "Yevele",
"question": "The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?... |
3,702 | Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suff... | [
{
"answer": "Oxford and Cambridge",
"question": "Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?"
},
{
"answer": "King James Bible Old Testament",
"question": "The first third of what was translated at the abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "New Testament",
"que... |
3,703 | In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey. On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey. | [
{
"answer": "Sergei Fyodorov",
"question": "Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1990s?"
},
{
"answer": "funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales",
"question": "What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1997?"
},
{
"answer": "Pope Benedict XVI",
"question": "Who was the first po... |
3,704 | Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crow... | [
{
"answer": "Gloucester Cathedral",
"question": "Where was Henry III crowned?"
},
{
"answer": "1216",
"question": "When was Henry III crowned?"
},
{
"answer": "French prince Louis",
"question": "Who had taken control of London when Henry III was to be crowned?"
},
{
"answer":... |
3,705 | King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for a short time in 1950 when it was temporarily stolen by Scottish national... | [
{
"answer": "King Edward's Chair",
"question": "What is the name of the throne used for coronation?"
},
{
"answer": "St Edward's Chair",
"question": "What is another name for King Edward's Chair?"
},
{
"answer": "the Stone of Scone",
"question": "Upon what are kings of Scots coronate... |
3,706 | Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are ... | [
{
"answer": "collegiate church",
"question": "What kind of church is Westminster Abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "Queen Elizabeth I",
"question": "Who created Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster?"
},
{
"answer": "the Dean and Chapter of Westminster",
"question":... |
3,707 | In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the... | [
{
"answer": "12",
"question": "How many lay vicars are there?"
},
{
"answer": "10",
"question": "How many choristers are there at the abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "1970s",
"question": "When was the office of Priest Vicar created?"
}
] |
3,708 | Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings... | [
{
"answer": "Edward the Confessor",
"question": "Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom?"
},
{
"answer": "1760",
"question": "When did George II of Great Britain die?"
},
{
"answer": "a royal saint",
"question": "Who was Edward the Confessor?"
},
{
"answer": "St George... |
3,709 | From the Middle Ages, aristocrats were buried inside chapels, while monks and other people associated with the abbey were buried in the cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the abbey where he was employed as master of the King's Works. Other poets, wr... | [
{
"answer": "inside chapels",
"question": "Where were aristocrats buried from the Middle Ages?"
},
{
"answer": "master of the King's Works",
"question": "Geoffrey Chaucer was employed as what?"
},
{
"answer": "in the abbey",
"question": "Henry Purcell was buried where?"
}
] |
3,710 | Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scie... | [
{
"answer": "Admiral Robert Blake",
"question": "Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?"
},
{
"answer": "Isaac Newton",
"question": "Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1727?"
},
{
"answer": "Charles Darwin",
"question": "Who was buried in t... |
3,711 | During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interme... | [
{
"answer": "cremated",
"question": "In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?"
},
{
"answer": "1905",
"question": "In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated?"
},
{
"answer": "Frances Challen",
"question": "Who was buried in the south choir aisle ... |
3,712 | In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to w... | [
{
"answer": "11 November 1920",
"question": "When was The Unknown Warrior buried?"
}
] |
3,713 | At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War. It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war. | [
{
"answer": "At the east end of the Lady Chapel",
"question": "Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF?"
},
{
"answer": "the Battle of Britain",
"question": "The memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF has a window for what?"
},
{
"answer": "Tudor stained glass window",
... |
3,714 | On Saturday September 6, 1997 the formal, though not "state" Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held. It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy. A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people. The burial occurred privately later the same day. ... | [
{
"answer": "Saturday September 6, 1997",
"question": "When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?"
},
{
"answer": "Sunday",
"question": "When was a second public service held for Princess Diana?"
},
{
"answer": "Catherine Walker",
"question": "Who designed Diana's dress... |
3,715 | Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sin... | [
{
"answer": "Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School",
"question": "What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey?"
},
{
"answer": "the Pope",
"question": "Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?"
},
{
"answer": "1179",
"question": "When w... |
3,716 | The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th centur... | [
{
"answer": "Harrison & Harrison",
"question": "Who built the organ?"
},
{
"answer": "1937",
"question": "When was the organ built? "
},
{
"answer": "the coronation of King George VI",
"question": "When was the organ first used?"
},
{
"answer": "pipework",
"question": "Wh... |
3,717 | In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops. In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and H... | [
{
"answer": "the Celestial Organ",
"question": "What part of the organ is not connected or playable?"
}
] |
3,718 | The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg). | [
{
"answer": "1971",
"question": "When were the bells overhauled?"
},
{
"answer": "Ten",
"question": "How many bells make up the abbey ring?"
},
{
"answer": "1971",
"question": "When were the ten bells cast?"
},
{
"answer": "Whitechapel Bell Foundry",
"question": "Who cast... |
3,719 | In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, al... | [
{
"answer": "Robert Mot",
"question": "Who cast the two service bells?"
},
{
"answer": "1585 and 1598",
"question": "When were the two service bells cast?"
},
{
"answer": "1738",
"question": "When was the Sanctus bell cast?"
},
{
"answer": "Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester",
... |
3,720 | The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above. | [
{
"answer": "Henry III",
"question": "Under whom was the chapter house built?"
},
{
"answer": "Sir George Gilbert Scott",
"question": "Who restored the chapter house in 1872?"
}
] |
3,721 | Inner and outer vestibules lead to the octagonal chapter house, which is of exceptional architectural purity. It is built in a Geometrical Gothic style with an octagonal crypt below. A pier of eight shafts carries the vaulted ceiling. To the sides are blind arcading, remains of 14th-century paintings and numerous stone... | [
{
"answer": "Geometrical Gothic style",
"question": "What style is the octagonal chapter house?"
},
{
"answer": "crypt",
"question": "There is an octagonal what below the chapter house?"
},
{
"answer": "vaulted",
"question": "What kind of ceiling is in the chapter house?"
},
{
... |
3,722 | The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed] The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Cha... | [
{
"answer": "mid-13th-century",
"question": "What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapter house?"
},
{
"answer": "1050",
"question": "A door in the vestible dates back to when?"
},
{
"answer": "the 14th century",
"question": "When were the exterior flying buttresses added?"
},
{... |
3,723 | The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th-century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term p... | [
{
"answer": "The Pyx Chamber",
"question": "What formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?"
},
{
"answer": "the late 11th century",
"question": "When does the Pyx Chamber date to?"
},
{
"answer": "the Trial of the Pyx",
"question": "When were newly minted coins presented to ensu... |
3,724 | The chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. English Heritage have funded a major programme of work on the chapter house, comprising repairs to the roof, gutters, stonework on the elevations ... | [
{
"answer": "English Heritage",
"question": "The Pyx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?"
},
{
"answer": "the Dean and Chapter of Westminster",
"question": "Who cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?"
},
{
"answer": "repairs",
"question": "Engl... |
3,725 | The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908. | [
{
"answer": "The Westminster Abbey Museum",
"question": "What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory?"
},
{
"answer": "1065",
"question": "The area the museum occupies dates back to when?"
},
{
"answer": "1908",
"question": "The vaulted undercroft beneath t... |
3,726 | The exhibits include a collection of royal and other funeral effigies (funeral saddle, helm and shield of Henry V), together with other treasures, including some panels of mediaeval glass, 12th-century sculpture fragments, Mary II's coronation chair and replicas of the coronation regalia, and historic effigies of Edwar... | [
{
"answer": "funeral saddle, helm and shield",
"question": "What belonging to Henry V is in the museum?"
},
{
"answer": "panels of mediaeval glass",
"question": "What kind of panels are in the museum?"
}
] |
3,727 | Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 wa... | [
{
"answer": "sculptor Patience Wright",
"question": "Who modelled the effigies in the museum?"
},
{
"answer": "wax",
"question": "What are the effigies made of?"
},
{
"answer": "some of his own clothes",
"question": "What is the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing?"
}
] |
3,728 | A recent addition to the exhibition is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece, which was most probably designed for the high altar of the abbey. Although it has been damaged in past centuries, the panel has been expertly cleaned and conserved. | [
{
"answer": "13th-century Westminster Retable",
"question": "What was recently added to the museum exhibit?"
},
{
"answer": "England's oldest altarpiece",
"question": "What is the Westminster Retable?"
},
{
"answer": "high altar of the abbey",
"question": "What was the altarpiece des... |
3,729 | In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed. A corona—a crown-like architectural feature—was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s. This was part of a wider £23m development of the abbey e... | [
{
"answer": "major building work",
"question": "What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "4 August 2010",
"question": "On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would not be continued?"
},
{
"answer": "a restaurant",
"question": "Panter Hudspith re... |
3,730 | A project that is proceeding is the creation of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries in the medieval triforium of the abbey. The aim is to create a new display area for the abbey's treasures in the galleries high up around the abbey's nave. To this end a new Gothic access tower with lift has been designed by the abbey... | [
{
"answer": "The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries",
"question": "What will be created in the medieval triforium?"
},
{
"answer": "Gothic access tower with lift",
"question": "What has been designed to help with the gallery?"
},
{
"answer": "2018",
"question": "When will the new gall... |
3,732 | Located in Yangtze River Delta area and the center of East China, Nanjing is home to one of the world's largest inland ports. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that ... | [
{
"answer": "East",
"question": "What part of China (North, East, South, West) is Nanjing located?"
},
{
"answer": "inland ports",
"question": "What does Nanjing have that is considered one of the world's biggest?"
},
{
"answer": "Yangtze River",
"question": "What river is Nanjing as... |
3,735 | Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee... | [
{
"answer": "229 AD",
"question": "When did Nanjing become a state capital?"
},
{
"answer": "Sun Quan",
"question": "Who founded Eastern Wu?"
},
{
"answer": "during the Three Kingdoms period",
"question": "When was Eastern Wu founded?"
},
{
"answer": "the Western Jin dynasty"... |
3,736 | Shortly after the unification of the region, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. In 317, remnants of the Jin court, as well as nobles ... | [
{
"answer": "the unification of the region",
"question": "What happened prior to the collapse of the Western Jin dynasty?"
},
{
"answer": "317",
"question": "When did the Jin court head South?"
},
{
"answer": "Nanjing",
"question": "Where did the Jin court re-establish itself, after ... |
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