id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
4,152 | Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi... | [
{
"answer": "movements",
"question": "What are self-contained pieces in longer works called?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?"
},
{
"answer": "slow",
"question": "What, typically, is the speed... |
4,153 | The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been rec... | [
{
"answer": "Medieval",
"question": "What period was from 500-1400?"
},
{
"answer": "1600–1750",
"question": "What years dictate the Baroque period?"
},
{
"answer": "by calendar century",
"question": "How have periods been reckoned Since 1900?"
},
{
"answer": "the contemporar... |
4,154 | The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is consi... | [
{
"answer": "Haydn",
"question": "What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?"
},
{
"answer": "Classical",
"question": "Haydn is classified as typical of what era?"
},
{
"answer": "Beethoven",
"question": "Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?"
},
{
"answ... |
4,155 | The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era. | [
{
"answer": "neo",
"question": "A Contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era is described with what prefix?"
},
{
"answer": "20th-century",
"question": "What century were Neoclassical compositions written in?"
},
{
"answer": "Stravinsky's",
"question": "Who wrote... |
4,156 | Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development ... | [
{
"answer": "2695 BC",
"question": "When does the Egyptian orchestra date to?"
},
{
"answer": "Burgh",
"question": "Who suggested that Western classical music is rooted to ancient Egyptian art music?"
},
{
"answer": "early Christian liturgical music,",
"question": "What music followe... |
4,157 | The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more c... | [
{
"answer": "Rome",
"question": "The Medieval period begins with the fall of what city?"
},
{
"answer": "Monophonic chant",
"question": "What can Plainsong or Gregorian chant also be called?"
},
{
"answer": "multi-voiced",
"question": "What does Polyphonic mean? "
},
{
"answe... |
4,158 | The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodic lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize. | [
{
"answer": "from 1400 to 1600",
"question": "When was the Renaissance era?"
},
{
"answer": "Renaissance",
"question": "What era was from 1400 to 1600? "
},
{
"answer": "Renaissance",
"question": "The use of the first ass instruments occurred in what era?"
},
{
"answer": "Soc... |
4,159 | It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted... | [
{
"answer": "staff",
"question": "The notation of music on a what began to take shape at this time?"
},
{
"answer": "oral",
"question": "How was music transmitted before the invention of musical notation?"
},
{
"answer": "change",
"question": "What was oral music subject to every tim... |
4,160 | Typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there w... | [
{
"answer": "the flute family",
"question": "The record is part of what wind family?"
},
{
"answer": "the oboe",
"question": "The sahwm was an early family member of what instrument?"
},
{
"answer": "churches",
"question": "Where were the first pipe organs confined to?"
},
{
... |
4,161 | The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classical music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th ... | [
{
"answer": "The common practice period",
"question": "When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape?"
},
{
"answer": "The common practice period",
"question": "What began with the Baroque era?"
},
{
"answer": "Baroque era",
"question": "What era did the ... |
4,162 | Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonal counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations... | [
{
"answer": "Baroque",
"question": "Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music? "
},
{
"answer": "a continuous bass line",
"question": "What does basso continuo mean? "
},
{
"answer": "more complex",
"question": "What did music become during the Bar... |
4,163 | During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged musical drama began to differentiate itself from earlier musical and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the c... | [
{
"answer": "Baroque",
"question": "Keyboard music became popular during what era?"
},
{
"answer": "stringed",
"question": "The violin family is what type of instrument?"
},
{
"answer": "staged musical drama",
"question": "Opera began to differentiate itself from earlier forms as wha... |
4,164 | The theories surrounding equal temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use equal temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, c... | [
{
"answer": "equal temperament",
"question": "What theories began to be put in wider practice?"
},
{
"answer": "a wider range of chromatic possibilities",
"question": "What does equal temperament enabled in hard to tune keyboard instruments?"
},
{
"answer": "equal temperament",
"ques... |
4,165 | The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, established many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array o... | [
{
"answer": "1750 to 1820",
"question": "When was the Classical era?"
},
{
"answer": "the piano",
"question": "What instrument became the predominant keyboard during the classical era?"
},
{
"answer": "The basic forces required for an orchestra",
"question": "What became more standar... |
4,166 | Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. | [
{
"answer": "Wind",
"question": "What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era?"
},
{
"answer": "the clarinet family",
"question": "What is the single reed family called?"
},
{
"answer": "double reeded",
"question": "What type of instrument was somewhat standar... |
4,167 | The music of the Romantic era, from roughly the first decade of the 19th century to the early 20th century, was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms. Musical forms began to break from the Classical era ... | [
{
"answer": "Romantic",
"question": "Increased attention to extended melodic lines characterized what era?"
},
{
"answer": "the early 20th century",
"question": "When did the Romantic era end?"
},
{
"answer": "Classical",
"question": "Free-form pieces like nocturnes and preludes were... |
4,168 | In the 19th century, musical institutions emerged from the control of wealthy patrons, as composers and musicians could construct lives independent of the nobility. Increasing interest in music by the growing middle classes throughout western Europe spurred the creation of organizations for the teaching, performance, a... | [
{
"answer": "wealthy patrons",
"question": "Who controlled musical institutions before the 19th century?"
},
{
"answer": "the nobility",
"question": "Composers and musicians began to construct lives independent of what in the 19th century?"
},
{
"answer": "middle classes",
"question"... |
4,169 | The family of instruments used, especially in orchestras, grew. A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear. Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes. The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical ... | [
{
"answer": "100",
"question": "To what number did the size of the orchestra grow to?"
},
{
"answer": "over 400",
"question": "What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?"
},
{
"answer": "over 150",
"question": "What size orchestras have performed Gustav M... |
4,170 | European cultural ideas and institutions began to follow colonial expansion into other parts of the world. There was also a rise, especially toward the end of the era, of nationalism in music (echoing, in some cases, political sentiments of the time), as composers such as Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Anto... | [
{
"answer": "colonial expansion",
"question": "What did European cultural ideas follow?"
},
{
"answer": "nationalism",
"question": "What type of music rose toward the end of the era?"
},
{
"answer": "political sentiments of the time",
"question": "What did nationalism in music someti... |
4,171 | Encompassing a wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 2000, 20th century classical music includes late romantic, modern, high-modern, and postmodern styles of composition. Modernism (1890–1930) marked an era when many composers rejected certain values of the common practice period, such as tradi... | [
{
"answer": "post-Romantic",
"question": "What style does 20th century classical music encompass?"
},
{
"answer": "1890–1930",
"question": "When did modernism take place?"
},
{
"answer": "Modernism",
"question": "Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during ... |
4,172 | Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Musicologist Marcia Citron has asked... | [
{
"answer": "male",
"question": "What gender are most composers described in music textbooks?"
},
{
"answer": "Musicologist Marcia Citron",
"question": "Who asked why is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?"
},
{
"answer": "did not write many sympho... |
4,173 | The modernist views hold that classical music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in music notation, as opposed to being transmitted orally, by rote, or by recordings of particular performances.[citation needed] While there are differences between particular performances of a classical work, ... | [
{
"answer": "modernist",
"question": "What type of view is that classical music is primarily written musical tradition?"
},
{
"answer": "transmitting classical music",
"question": "Musical notation is effective for what?"
},
{
"answer": "contains the technical instructions for performing... |
4,174 | In 1996–1997, a research study was conducted on a large population of middle age students in the Cherry Creek School District in Denver, Colorado, USA. The study showed that students who actively listen to classical music before studying had higher academic scores. The research further indicated that students who liste... | [
{
"answer": "higher",
"question": "Did student who actively listen to classical music before studying have higher or lower scores?"
},
{
"answer": "moderately lower",
"question": "What happened to the scores of students who listened to rock and roll or country?"
},
{
"answer": "students ... |
4,175 | During the 1990s, several research papers and popular books wrote on what came to be called the "Mozart effect": an observed temporary, small elevation of scores on certain tests as a result of listening to Mozart's works. The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell, and is based on an experiment publis... | [
{
"answer": "Mozart",
"question": "Which composer had an effect named after him?"
},
{
"answer": "Don Campbell",
"question": "Who wrote a book on the Mozart effect?"
},
{
"answer": "Nature",
"question": "Where was the experiment originally published?"
},
{
"answer": "8 to 9 p... |
4,176 | Shawn Vancour argues that the commercialization of classical music in the early 20th century served to harm the music industry through inadequate representation. | [
{
"answer": "the commercialization of classical music",
"question": "What harmed the music industry in the 20th century according to Shawn Vancour?"
},
{
"answer": "Shawn Vancour",
"question": "Who argued that the commercialization of classical music was harmful to the music industry?"
},
{
... |
4,177 | Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music. Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?. | [
{
"answer": "classical music",
"question": "Works from the Golden Age of music matches action to what?"
},
{
"answer": "Walt Disney",
"question": "Who produced Fantasia?"
},
{
"answer": "Tom and Jerry",
"question": "Who starred in Johann Mouse?"
},
{
"answer": "Warner Bros",
... |
4,178 | Similarly, movies and television often revert to standard, clichéd snatches of classical music to convey refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Bach´s Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain (as orchest... | [
{
"answer": "refinement or opulence",
"question": "What does classical music convey in movies and television?"
},
{
"answer": "Four Seasons",
"question": "What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence?"
},
{
"answer": "Eine kleine Nachtmusik",
"question": "What piece b... |
4,179 | The written score, however, does not usually contain explicit instructions as to how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance, apart from directions for dynamics, tempo and expression (to a certain extent). This is left to the discretion of the performers, who are guided by their personal experience... | [
{
"answer": "instructions",
"question": "What does the written score not usually contain explicitly? "
},
{
"answer": "performers",
"question": "Interpretations of written score is left to whom?"
},
{
"answer": "the work's idiom",
"question": "Performers can use their knowledge of wh... |
4,180 | Some critics express the opinion that it is only from the mid-19th century, and especially in the 20th century, that the score began to hold such a high significance. Previously, improvisation (in preludes, cadenzas and ornaments), rhythmic flexibility (e.g., tempo rubato), improvisatory deviation from the score and or... | [
{
"answer": "the score",
"question": "Improvisation is integral before what took a high significance?"
},
{
"answer": "the 20th century",
"question": "When did oral tradition disappear?"
},
{
"answer": "key elements of the music",
"question": "There is still controversy about how to ... |
4,181 | Improvisation once played an important role in classical music. A remnant of this improvisatory tradition in classical music can be heard in the cadenza, a passage found mostly in concertos and solo works, designed to allow skilled performers to exhibit their virtuoso skills on the instrument. Traditionally this was im... | [
{
"answer": "Improvisation",
"question": "What once played an important role in classical music?"
},
{
"answer": "cadenza",
"question": "Where can a remnant of improvisation tradition be found?"
},
{
"answer": "their virtuoso skills on the instrument",
"question": "What can solo perf... |
4,182 | Certain staples of classical music are often used commercially (either in advertising or in movie soundtracks). In television commercials, several passages have become clichéd, particularly the opening of Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra (made famous in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey) and the opening section "O... | [
{
"answer": "commercially",
"question": "How are staples of classical music often used?"
},
{
"answer": "clichéd",
"question": "TV commercials using Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra have now become what?"
},
{
"answer": "\"O Fortuna\" of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana",
"question... |
4,183 | Composers of classical music have often made use of folk music (music created by musicians who are commonly not classically trained, often from a purely oral tradition). Some composers, like Dvořák and Smetana, have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work, while others like Bartók have used specif... | [
{
"answer": "classically trained",
"question": "Folk musicians are not commonly what?"
},
{
"answer": "folk music",
"question": "What music comes from those commonly trained by oral tradition?"
},
{
"answer": "folk",
"question": "Dovrak has used what type of themes to impart a nation... |
4,184 | Its written transmission, along with the veneration bestowed on certain classical works, has led to the expectation that performers will play a work in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer. During the 19th century the details that composers put in their scores generally increased. Yet t... | [
{
"answer": "in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer",
"question": "How are performers expected to play a work due to written transmission?"
},
{
"answer": "the 19th century",
"question": "When did details that composers put in their scores increase?"
},
{
... |
4,185 | The primacy of the composer's written score has also led, today, to a relatively minor role played by improvisation in classical music, in sharp contrast to the practice of musicians who lived during the baroque, classical and romantic era. Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque... | [
{
"answer": "the Baroque and early romantic eras",
"question": "When was improvisation in classical music performance common?"
},
{
"answer": "the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries",
"question": "When did improvisation begin to lessened strongly?"
},
{
"answer": "the cade... |
4,186 | Classical music has often incorporated elements or material from popular music of the composer's time. Examples include occasional music such as Brahms' use of student drinking songs in his Academic Festival Overture, genres exemplified by Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, and the influence of jazz on early- and mid-2... | [
{
"answer": "Classical music",
"question": "Popular music from the composer's time was incorporation into what?"
},
{
"answer": "student drinking songs",
"question": "What did Brahms sometimes use in his Academic Festival Overture?"
},
{
"answer": "jazz",
"question": "What type of mu... |
4,187 | Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena. In heavy metal, a number of lea... | [
{
"answer": "the 1970s",
"question": "Pachelbel's Canon has influenced popular songs since what decade?"
},
{
"answer": "the musical crossover phenomenon",
"question": "What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music?"
},
{
"answer": "heavy metal",
"questi... |
4,188 | Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe. They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. Slavs speak Indo-European Slavic languages and share, to varying degrees, some cultural traits and historical backgrounds. From the early 6th century they spr... | [
{
"answer": "Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe.",
"question": "What is the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia.",
"question": "What a... |
4,189 | Present-day Slavic people are classified into West Slavic (chiefly Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), East Slavic (chiefly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), and South Slavic (chiefly Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins), though sometimes the West Slavs and East Slavs are combined... | [
{
"answer": "Poles, Czechs and Slovaks",
"question": "West Slavic people consist of which nationalities?"
},
{
"answer": "Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians",
"question": "East Slavic people consist of which nationalities?"
},
{
"answer": "Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedoni... |
4,190 | The Slavic autonym is reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic and dating from the 9th century attest Словѣне Slověne to describe the Slavs. Other early Slavic attestations include Old East Slavic Словѣнѣ Slověně for "an East Slavic group near Nov... | [
{
"answer": "Proto-Slavic",
"question": "*Slověninъ, plural *Slověne, is the Slavic autonym reconstructed in what?"
},
{
"answer": "Old Church Slavonic",
"question": "Old 9th century documents describing Slavs were written in what language?"
},
{
"answer": "Procopius",
"question": "W... |
4,191 | The Slavic autonym *Slověninъ is usually considered (e.g. by Roman Jakobson) a derivation from slovo "word", originally denoting "people who speak (the same language)," i.e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting "foreign people" – němci, meaning "mumbling, murmuring people" (from Sla... | [
{
"answer": "slovo",
"question": "What slavic word denotes \"people who speak the same language?\""
},
{
"answer": "němci",
"question": "What slavic word denotes \"foreign people?\""
},
{
"answer": "Roman Jakobson",
"question": "Who considered *Slověninъ do be a derivation from slovo... |
4,192 | The word slovo ("word") and the related slava ("fame") and slukh ("hearing") originate from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- ("be spoken of, fame"), cognate with Ancient Greek κλῆς (klês - "famous"), whence the name Pericles, and Latin clueo ("be called"), and English loud. | [
{
"answer": "*ḱlew",
"question": "Slovo, slava, and slukh all originate from what Proto-Indo-European root?"
},
{
"answer": "Pericles",
"question": "The Ancient Greek κλῆς (klês - \"famous\") helped create what famous name?"
},
{
"answer": "he word slovo (\"word\") and the related slava ... |
4,193 | The English word Slav could be derived from the Middle English word sclave, which was borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus or slavus, itself a borrowing and Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from a misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym (denoting a speaker of their own langua... | [
{
"answer": "sclave",
"question": "The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word?"
},
{
"answer": "Sklavinoi",
"question": "The origin of what Byzantine term is disputed?"
},
{
"answer": "misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym",
"question": "The Byzantine Greek σκλάβος... |
4,194 | Alternative proposals for the etymology of *Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support. Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning "practicer of a common Slavic religion," and from that evolved into an ethnonym. S.B. Bernstein speculates that it de... | [
{
"answer": "Lozinski",
"question": "Who argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper?"
},
{
"answer": "S.B. Bernstein",
"question": "Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?"
},
{
"answer": "a man from a certain place",
... |
4,195 | The earliest mentions of Slavic raids across the lower River Danube may be dated to the first half of the 6th century, yet no archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before c. 600 AD. | [
{
"answer": "River Danube",
"question": "The earliest mentions of Slavic raids are across what river?"
},
{
"answer": "Slavic raids",
"question": "The earliest mentions of what may be dated to the first half of the 6th century?"
},
{
"answer": "c. 600 AD",
"question": "No archaeologi... |
4,196 | The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian ... | [
{
"answer": "in the early 6th century",
"question": "The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when?"
},
{
"answer": "the Antes and the Sclaveni",
"question": "The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century?"
},
{
"answer": "the Carpathian Mountains, the lower D... |
4,197 | Procopius wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times." He describes their social structure and beliefs: | [
{
"answer": "Procopius",
"question": "Who wrote in 545 that \"the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times.\"?"
},
{
"answer": "545",
"question": "When did Procopius write that \"the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a... |
4,198 | Jordanes tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities. Another 6th-century source refers to them living among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes. | [
{
"answer": "Jordanes",
"question": "Who tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities?"
},
{
"answer": "the Sclaveni",
"question": "Who had swamps and forests for their cities?"
},
{
"answer": "among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes",
"que... |
4,199 | Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I. The Avars asked the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us". | [
{
"answer": "Menander Protector",
"question": "Who mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I?"
},
{
"answer": "Daurentius",
"question": "Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I?"
},
{
"answer": "the Avars",
"question": "The Slavs were asked to accept the s... |
4,200 | The relationship between the Slavs and a tribe called the Veneti east of the River Vistula in the Roman period is uncertain. The name may refer both to Balts and Slavs. | [
{
"answer": "the Veneti",
"question": "An uncertain relationship was held between the Slavs and who?"
},
{
"answer": "east of the River Vistula",
"question": "The Veneti tribe was located where?"
},
{
"answer": "Veneti",
"question": "What name may refer both to Balts and Slavs?"
},... |
4,201 | According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (th... | [
{
"answer": "multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia",
"question": "Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world?"
},
{
"answer": "the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires",
"question": "What were some of the multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia?"
},
{
... |
4,202 | Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlem... | [
{
"answer": "Around the 6th century",
"question": "When did Slavs appear on Byzantine borders?"
},
{
"answer": "Byzantine borders",
"question": "The Slavs appeared on whose borders around the 6th century?"
},
{
"answer": "Peloponnese and Asia Minor",
"question": "Where else reported ... |
4,203 | When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzanti... | [
{
"answer": "the first rudiments of state organizations",
"question": "What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?"
},
{
"answer": "When their migratory movements ended",
"question": "When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs?"
},
{
... |
4,204 | In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, who supported the Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, which, however, most probably did not outlive its founder and ruler. This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former terr... | [
{
"answer": "the 7th century",
"question": "When did Samo become the ruler of the first known Slav state?"
},
{
"answer": "Samo",
"question": "What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "Carantania",
"question": "What is the oldest... |
4,205 | As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro. Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million w... | [
{
"answer": "the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro",
"question": "What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?"
},
{
"answer": "1878",
"question": "When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world?"
},
{
"answer": "Bulgaria"... |
4,206 | During World War II, Hitler's Generalplan Ost (general plan for the East) entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavic and Jewish population of occupied Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space) for German settlers. The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million... | [
{
"answer": "Hitler's",
"question": "Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?"
},
{
"answer": "The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost",
"question": "What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union?"
},
{
"answer": "19.3... |
4,207 | The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses. Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have be... | [
{
"answer": "succession of wars, famines and other disasters",
"question": "The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union?"
},
{
"answer": "Stephen J. Lee",
"question": "Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 19... |
4,208 | Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations th... | [
{
"answer": "In the 19th century",
"question": "When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?"
},
{
"answer": "Russian Empire",
"question": "Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests?"
},
{
"answer": "Pan-Slavism",... |
4,209 | The word "Slavs" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006). | [
{
"answer": "1939–1945",
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic?"
},
{
"answer": "1943–1992",
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of Yugoslavia?"
},
{
"answer": "1992–2003",
"question": "When was th... |
4,210 | Former Soviet states, as well as countries that used to be satellite states or territories of the Warsaw Pact, have numerous minority Slavic populations, many of whom are originally from the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. As of now, Kazakhstan has the largest Slavic minority population with most bein... | [
{
"answer": "the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR",
"question": "Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where?"
},
{
"answer": "Russians",
"question": "What is the largest Slavic minority?"
},
{
"answer": "Kazakhstan",
"question"... |
4,211 | Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. Th... | [
{
"answer": "Pan-Slavism",
"question": "What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples?"
},
{
"answer": "the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice",
"question": "Where was the main foc... |
4,212 | Slavic studies began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise. As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European. | [
{
"answer": "Slavic studies",
"question": "What began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise?"
},
{
"answer": "As early as 1833",
"question": "When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?"
},
{
"answer": "Slavic languages",
"question": "What langua... |
4,213 | Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic ... | [
{
"answer": "The alphabet",
"question": "What depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups?"
},
{
"answer": "The Orthodox",
"question": "Who uses the Cyrillic alphabet?"
},
{
"answer": "the Roman Catholics",
"question": "Who uses the Latin alphabet?"
},... |
4,214 | Proto-Slavic, the supposed ancestor language of all Slavic languages, is a descendant of common Proto-Indo-European, via a Balto-Slavic stage in which it developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with the Baltic languages. In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, "the Indo-Europeans who remained af... | [
{
"answer": "Proto-Slavic",
"question": "What is the supposed ancestor of all Slavic languages?"
},
{
"answer": "Baltic languages",
"question": "Proto-Slavic developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with what languages?"
},
{
"answer": "Balto-Slavic",
"question": ... |
4,215 | Proto-Slavic, sometimes referred to as Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic, is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages. That language was uniform, and on the basis of borrowings from foreign languages and Slavic borrowings into other languages, cannot... | [
{
"answer": "Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic",
"question": "Proto-Slavic is sometimes referred to as what?"
},
{
"answer": "Proto-Slavic",
"question": "What is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages?"
},
{
"answer"... |
4,216 | The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the ... | [
{
"answer": "between the 6th and 10th centuries",
"question": "When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?"
},
{
"answer": "Orthodox Christianity",
"question": "What religion is predominant in the East and South Slavs?"
},
{
"answer": "Roman Catholicism",
"question": "What reli... |
4,217 | Slavs are customarily divided along geographical lines into three major subgroups: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a different and a diverse background based on unique history, religion and culture of particular Slavic groups within them. Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroup... | [
{
"answer": "Slavs",
"question": "Who is customarily divided along geographical lines into tree major subgroups?"
},
{
"answer": "West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs",
"question": "What three major subgroups are Slavs divided into?"
},
{
"answer": "non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age",
... |
4,218 | ^1 Also considered part of Rusyns
^2 Considered transitional between Ukrainians and Belarusians
^3 The ethnic affiliation of the Lemkos has become an ideological conflict. It has been alleged that among the Lemkos the idea of "Carpatho-Ruthenian" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing in Transcarpathia and abroad
... | [
{
"answer": "the Lemkos",
"question": "Ethnic affiliation of who has become an ideological conflict?"
},
{
"answer": "Transcarpathia and abroad",
"question": "The idea of \"Carpatho-Ruthenian\" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing where?"
},
{
"answer": "Czechs",
"question": "... |
4,219 | ^7 A census category recognized as an ethnic group. Most Slavic Muslims (especially in Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia) now opt for Bosniak ethnicity, but some still use the "Muslim" designation. Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably... | [
{
"answer": "Bosniak",
"question": "Most Slavic Muslims now opt for what ethnicity?"
},
{
"answer": "Bosniak and Muslim",
"question": "What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?"
},
{
"answer": "Bosnia and Herzegovi... |
4,220 | ^8 This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the former Yugoslav republics. The nationality is also declared by diasporans living in the USA and Canada. There are a multitude of reasons as to why people prefer this affiliation, some published on the article. | [
{
"answer": "Yugoslav republics",
"question": "This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the what former republics?"
},
{
"answer": "USA and Canada",
"question": "The nationality is also declared by diasporans living where?"
}
] |
4,221 | ^9 Sub-groups of Croats include Bunjevci (in Bačka), Šokci (in Slavonia and Vojvodina), Janjevci (in Kosovo), Burgenland Croats (in Austria), Bosniaks (in Hungary), Molise Croats (in Italy), Krashovans (in Romania), Moravian Croats (in the Czech Republic) | [
{
"answer": "Bačka",
"question": "Where are Bunjevci located?"
},
{
"answer": "Slavonia and Vojvodina",
"question": "Where are Šokci located?"
},
{
"answer": "Kosovo",
"question": "Where are Janjevci located?"
},
{
"answer": "Austria",
"question": "Where are Burgenland Cr... |
4,222 | ^10 Sub-groups of Slovenes include Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians, and the extinct Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes. | [
{
"answer": "Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes",
"question": "What sub-groups of Slovenes are extinct?"
},
{
"answer": "Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians",
"question": "What are the current sub-groups of Slovenes?"
}
] |
4,224 | The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Yet two paternal haplogroups predominate: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a [L69.2=T/S163.2]. The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus,... | [
{
"answer": "R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a",
"question": "What two DNA haplogroups predominate in modern Slavic peoples?"
},
{
"answer": "63.39%",
"question": "What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?"
},
{
"answer": "56.4%",
"question": "What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a ... |
4,225 | Specific studies of Slavic genetics followed. In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland. The significant findings of this study are that: | [
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": "When did Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?"
},
{
"answer": "Rębała",
"question": "Who studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?"
},
{
... |
4,226 | Marcin Woźniak and colleagues (2010) searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]. Working with haplotypes, they found a pattern among Western Slavs which turned out to correspond to a newly discovered marker, M458, which defines subclade R1a1a7. This marker correlates remarkably well with the distribution... | [
{
"answer": "Marcin Woźniak and colleagues",
"question": "Who searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?"
},
{
"answer": "2010",
"question": "When did Marcin Woźniak search specifically for Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?"
},
{
"answer": "Peter Underhill",
"question"... |
4,227 | Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them. Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples. Its presence in Pomors (called "Northern Russians" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia). Autosomally... | [
{
"answer": "Pomors",
"question": "What is distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N?"
},
{
"answer": "Y Haplogroup N",
"question": "Pomors are distinguished by the presence of what?"
},
{
"answer": "Uralic peoples",
"question": "Y Haplogroup N are found at high rates in who?"
... |
4,228 | On the other hand, I2a1b1 (P41.2) is typical of the South Slavic populations, being highest in Bosnia-Herzegovina (>50%). Haplogroup I2a2 is also commonly found in north-eastern Italians. There is also a high concentration of I2a2a in the Moldavian region of Romania, Moldova and western Ukraine. According to original s... | [
{
"answer": "South Slavic populations",
"question": "I2a1b1 is typical of what populations?"
},
{
"answer": "Bosnia-Herzegovina",
"question": "I2a1b1 is found being highest where?"
},
{
"answer": "north-eastern Italians",
"question": "Haplogroup I2a2 is commonly found in what group o... |
4,230 | DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations. Taken together, they account for 95% of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool. Only (0.7%) fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South... | [
{
"answer": "1228",
"question": "DNA from how many Russians show that the Y chromosomes fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations?"
},
{
"answer": "West Eurasian",
"question": "DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except... |
4,232 | In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.[citation needed] In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples. Scandinavians (Varangians) and Fi... | [
{
"answer": "In the Western Balkans",
"question": "Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?"
},
{
"answer": "Avar invaders",
"question": "In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who?"
},
{
"answer": "Germanic and Celtic"... |
4,234 | Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks. Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians. | [
{
"answer": "Tatars and other Turks",
"question": "Cossacks came from what backgrounds?"
},
{
"answer": "Ossetians",
"question": "Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?"
},
{
"answer": "Orthodox Christians",
"question": "What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?"... |
4,235 | The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population. | [
{
"answer": "southern Poland and northern Slovakia",
"question": "Where did the Gorals reside?"
},
{
"answer": "Gorals",
"question": "Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?"
},
{
"answer": "14th to 17th centuries",
"question": "When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?"
},
... |
4,236 | Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river nam... | [
{
"answer": "the Magyar or Romanian population",
"question": "Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?"
},
{
"answer": "Romania",
"question": "There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country?"
},
{
"answer": "Bulg... |
4,237 | Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the norther... | [
{
"answer": "253,651",
"question": "What's the estimated population of Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Sotonian",
"question": "What could you call someone who lives in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Hampshire",
"question": "In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?"
},
{
... |
4,238 | Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of... | [
{
"answer": "WestQuay",
"question": "What is the big retail shopping center in Southampton called?"
},
{
"answer": "October",
"question": "In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?"
},
{
"answer": "World War II",
"question": "What ... |
4,239 | In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas, however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. This built-up area is part of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, whic... | [
{
"answer": "Portsmouth",
"question": "What other city merged with Southampton after the 2001 census?"
},
{
"answer": "Solent City",
"question": "What's the other name for South Hampshire?"
},
{
"answer": "855,569",
"question": "In the 2011 census, what was the population of Southamp... |
4,240 | Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of... | [
{
"answer": "AD 43",
"question": "What year did the Romans invade Britain?"
},
{
"answer": "Clausentum",
"question": "What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?"
},
{
"answer": "stone age",
"question": "According to evidence found, in w... |
4,241 | The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton. Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It i... | [
{
"answer": "Anglo-Saxons",
"question": "What people established a settlement in what is now the St. Mary's area of Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Hamwic",
"question": "What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?"
},
{
"answer": "Hamtun",
"question": "What name did Ham... |
4,242 | Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established. | [
{
"answer": "Viking",
"question": "What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?"
},
{
"answer": "840",
"question": "What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic?"
},
{
"answer": "10th",
"question": "In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?"
... |
4,243 | Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchang... | [
{
"answer": "1066",
"question": "In what year did the Norman Conquest take place?"
},
{
"answer": "Winchester",
"question": "What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest?"
},
{
"answer": "Normandy",
"question": "Southampton was important to transit between W... |
4,244 | Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton. | [
{
"answer": "12th",
"question": "Ruins of merchants' homes that survive today are evidence that Southampton had rich people in what century?"
},
{
"answer": "Black Death",
"question": "What plague made it to England because of all the ships visiting Southampton in the 14th century?"
},
{
... |
4,245 | The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco). On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated ... | [
{
"answer": "Charles Grimaldi",
"question": "Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?"
},
{
"answer": "Monaco",
"question": "What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "1339",
"question"... |
4,246 | The city walls include God's House Tower, built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England. Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board. Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology. The walls wer... | [
{
"answer": "God's House Tower",
"question": "What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?"
},
{
"answer": "1417",
"question": "In what year was the God's House Tower built?"
},
{
"answer": "Museum of Archaeology",
"questio... |
4,247 | On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. From successive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey wall remains today, lying just off Castle Way. The last remains of the Franciscan friary in Sou... | [
{
"answer": "Castle Way",
"question": "The only remaining piece of the motte and bailey castle can be seen near what modern Southampton street?"
},
{
"answer": "1233",
"question": "About what year was the Franciscan friary established in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "1538",
"question... |
4,248 | Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the wa... | [
{
"answer": "1290",
"question": "In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Conduit Head",
"question": "Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?"
},
{
"answer": "1310",
"question": "What year did the friars start lett... |
4,249 | In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton. The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton, in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town. | [
{
"answer": "English Civil War",
"question": "What war was taking place in the 1640s in England?"
},
{
"answer": "1642",
"question": "What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Redbridge",
"question": "What is the furthest town the Royalists reached du... |
4,250 | During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding ya... | [
{
"answer": "shipbuilding",
"question": "What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?"
},
{
"answer": "HMS Grace Dieu",
"question": "What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?"
},
{
"answer": "Walter Taylor",
"question": "W... |
4,251 | Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were ... | [
{
"answer": "Battle of Agincourt",
"question": "What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?"
},
{
"answer": "Southampton Plot",
"question": "What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?"
},
{
"answer": "Red Lion",
"question": "Wh... |
4,252 | Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the pre... | [
{
"answer": "embarkation",
"question": "What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?"
},
{
"answer": "the Crimean war",
"question": "In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?"
},
{... |
4,253 | Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide. | [
{
"answer": "1740",
"question": "When did Southampton turn into a spa town?"
},
{
"answer": "1760s",
"question": "Despite not having a good beach, what decade saw Southampton become popular for sea bathing?"
},
{
"answer": "West Quay",
"question": "Where in Southampton were special ... |
4,254 | The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to Lon... | [
{
"answer": "Victorian era",
"question": "In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly?"
},
{
"answer": "1835",
"question": "What year was the Southampton Docks company created?"
},
{
"answer": "October",
"question": "In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundatio... |
4,255 | In his 1854 book "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star" John Choules described Southampton thus: "I hardly know a town that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford. The High Street opens from the quay, and under various names it winds in a gently sweeping line for one mile and a ... | [
{
"answer": "John Choules",
"question": "Who wrote \"The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Oxford",
"question": "What town did Choules say had the only Main Street more beautiful than Southampton's?"
},
{
"answer": "one mile and a half",
"question": "How long w... |
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