id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
4,256 | The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port f... | [
{
"answer": "Mayflower",
"question": "What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers?"
},
{
"answer": "1620",
"question": "What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Four",
"question": "How many crew members out of every five on the... |
4,257 | The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destro... | [
{
"answer": "R J Mitchell",
"question": "Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?"
},
{
"answer": "Portswood",
"question": "What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?"
},
{
"answer": "blue",
"question": "What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?"
},
{... |
4,258 | 630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed. | [
{
"answer": "630",
"question": "How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "2,000",
"question": "In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "thousands",
"question": "Was it hundreds... |
4,259 | Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive redevelopment since World War II. Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938. However a large portion of those walls remain. | [
{
"answer": "Georgian",
"question": "What style of architecture partially survived the war?"
},
{
"answer": "World War II",
"question": "Southampton has been redeveloped almost entirely in the years since which war?"
},
{
"answer": "1920s",
"question": "In which decade did there star... |
4,260 | A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964. | [
{
"answer": "Royal Charter",
"question": "What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield?"
},
{
"answer": "University of Southampton",
"question": "What is the new name of University College at Highfield?"
},
{
"answer": "1964",
"question": "When did Southampto... |
4,261 | After the establishment of Hampshire County Council, following the act in 1888, Southampton became a county borough within the county of Hampshire, which meant that it had many features of a county, but governance was now shared between the Corporation in Southampton and the new county council. There is a great source ... | [
{
"answer": "1888",
"question": "In what year did an act establish the Hampshire County Council?"
},
{
"answer": "the Corporation in Southampton",
"question": "What organization did the new county council share governance of Southampton with?"
},
{
"answer": "1959",
"question": "What... |
4,262 | Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southam... | [
{
"answer": "King John",
"question": "Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king?"
},
{
"answer": "£200",
"question": "What was the annual fee paid by the burgesses of Southampton for the rights of custom and toll laid out in the charter of 1199?"
... |
4,263 | The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of ... | [
{
"answer": "Charles I",
"question": "What king's charter recognized Southampton as its own county?"
},
{
"answer": "1640",
"question": "What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'?"
},
{
"answer": "Victorian period",
"ques... |
4,264 | The city has undergone many changes to its governance over the centuries and once again became administratively independent from Hampshire County as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997, a result of the 1992 Local Government Act. The district remains part of the Hamp... | [
{
"answer": "Hampshire County",
"question": "What county did the city of Southampton become administratively independent of in April of 1997?"
},
{
"answer": "unitary authority",
"question": "What official designation did Southampton receive in the April 1997 local government reorganization?"
... |
4,265 | Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the counc... | [
{
"answer": "48",
"question": "How many concillors sit on Southampton's City Council?"
},
{
"answer": "16",
"question": "How man wards are there in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "3",
"question": "How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "M... |
4,266 | There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many representatives does Southampton have in parliament?"
},
{
"answer": "Southampton Itchen",
"question": "What is Royston Smith's constituency?"
},
{
"answer": "Dr. Alan Whitehead",
"question": "Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament?"... |
4,267 | The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melo... | [
{
"answer": "16",
"question": "How many cities or towns are there in all of England and Wales with a ceremonial sheriff acting as the Mayor's deputy?"
},
{
"answer": "Linda Norris",
"question": "Who's the current Mayor of Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Catherine McEwing",
"question": ... |
4,268 | Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France (since 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany (since 1991), Trieste in Italy (since 2002); Hampton, Virginia in USA, Qingdao in China (since 1998), and Busan in South Korea (since 1978). | [
{
"answer": "Le Havre",
"question": "What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?"
},
{
"answer": "Trieste",
"question": "Which Italian city did Southampton City Council establish a twinning link with in 2002?"
},
{
"answer": "Hampton, Virginia",
"ques... |
4,269 | The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. The Test—which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing—runs a... | [
{
"answer": "northern",
"question": "At which tip of Southampton Water is Southampton located?"
},
{
"answer": "Itchen",
"question": "What river converges with the Test?"
},
{
"answer": "Test",
"question": "Which river is excellent for salmon fishing?"
},
{
"answer": "Itchen"... |
4,270 | Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging pro... | [
{
"answer": "Town Quay",
"question": "What's the name of the public quay that's been in Southampton since the 13th century?"
},
{
"answer": "1830s",
"question": "In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created?"
},
{
"answer": "Southern Railway Company",
"questio... |
4,271 | Southampton Water has the benefit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks, making the movement of large ships easier. This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the English Channel. In this area the general water flow is distorted b... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many high tide peaks does Southampton Water get?"
},
{
"answer": "Isle of Wight",
"question": "What island do many people think causes the double high tide in Southampton Water?"
},
{
"answer": "English Channel",
"question": "What body of water is ... |
4,272 | The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several p... | [
{
"answer": "western",
"question": "Along which border of Southampton does the River Test run?"
},
{
"answer": "New Forest",
"question": "What forest is on the opposite bank of the River Test from Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "the M27",
"question": "What motorway crosses the River Te... |
4,273 | Southampton is divided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas. It has a number of parks and green spaces, the largest being the 148 hectare Southampton Common, parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common inclu... | [
{
"answer": "Southampton Common",
"question": "What's the largest park in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "148",
"question": "How many hectares is Southampton Common?"
},
{
"answer": "Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre",
"question": "What wildlife center is located in Southampton Common?"
... |
4,274 | Council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England. | [
{
"answer": "354",
"question": "How many Local Authorities are there in England?"
},
{
"answer": "Weston",
"question": "In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?"
},
{
"answer": "96th",
"question": "What's Southampton's rankin... |
4,275 | As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976. | [
{
"answer": "oceanic",
"question": "What kind of climate does Southampton have?"
},
{
"answer": "June",
"question": "For what month does Southampton hold the UK's record high temperature?"
},
{
"answer": "35.6",
"question": "What was the record high temperature for June in degrees Ce... |
4,276 | The centre of Southampton is located above a large hot water aquifer that provides geothermal power to some of the city's buildings. This energy is processed at a plant in the West Quay region in Southampton city centre, the only geothermal power station in the UK. The plant provides private electricity for the Port of... | [
{
"answer": "hot water aquifer",
"question": "What source of geothermal power sits below Southampton's center?"
},
{
"answer": "West Quay",
"question": "In what region of Southampton is the geothermal power station for the aquifer?"
},
{
"answer": "Southampton District Energy Scheme",
... |
4,277 | At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White—including one per cent White Irish—3.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race. | [
{
"answer": "White",
"question": "What race makes up the vast majority of Southampton's population?"
},
{
"answer": "1.0",
"question": "What percentage of the population of Southampton is Black, according to the 2001 Census?"
},
{
"answer": "1.5",
"question": "Going by the 2001 Censu... |
4,278 | Southampton had an estimated 236,900 people living within the city boundary in 2011. There is a sizeable Polish population in the city, with estimates as high as 20,000. | [
{
"answer": "236,900",
"question": "In 2011, what was the estimated population of Southampton inside city limits?"
},
{
"answer": "Polish",
"question": "What nationality of people makes up a large portion of Southampton residents?"
},
{
"answer": "20,000",
"question": "What's the hig... |
4,279 | There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females. The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800. By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South E... | [
{
"answer": "males",
"question": "Are there more males or females in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "20–24",
"question": "What age range contains the most people from Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "17,800",
"question": "How many people between the ages of 30 and 34 live in Southampton?"... |
4,280 | Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's popu... | [
{
"answer": "4.9",
"question": "By what percentage did the population of Southampton increase from 1996 to 2004?"
},
{
"answer": "London",
"question": "What's the only other city in England besides Portsmouth more densely populated than Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Hampshire County Coun... |
4,281 | In March 2007 there were 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population. This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole. | [
{
"answer": "120,305",
"question": "How many jobs were there in Southampton in March of 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "3,570",
"question": "How many Southampton residents were claiming job seeker's allowance in March, 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "2.4",
"question": "In March 2007, what percentage o... |
4,282 | Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent. Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per ce... | [
{
"answer": "health and education",
"question": "What sector provides about a quarter of Southampton's available jobs?"
},
{
"answer": "19",
"question": "What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in the property/other business sector?"
},
{
"answer": "wholesale and retail",
... |
4,283 | In January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East. | [
{
"answer": "£22,267",
"question": "What was Southampton's average annual salary in January of 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "£1,700",
"question": "How far below the national average is the average annual salary in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "£3,800",
"question": "How far below England's S... |
4,284 | Southampton has always been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. In particular, it is a port for cruise ships; its heyday was the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK. Today it remains home to lux... | [
{
"answer": "half",
"question": "About how much of UK's passenger traffic did Southampton handle during the inter-war period?"
},
{
"answer": "cruise ships",
"question": "What kind of passenger ships make up a lot of the traffic in the port of Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "tonnage",
... |
4,285 | During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing. | [
{
"answer": "20th",
"question": "What century saw more diverse industries come to Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "aircraft",
"question": "Southampton's range of industries includes the manufacture of cars and what other transport?"
},
{
"answer": "electrical",
"question": "What kind of... |
4,286 | University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, ... | [
{
"answer": "500,000",
"question": "How many people in the Southampton area receive hospital services from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust?"
},
{
"answer": "3 million",
"question": "How many people in the South of England rely on the NHS Foundation Trust's specialist service... |
4,287 | Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is located in a new building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011. The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the Uni... | [
{
"answer": "Ordnance Survey",
"question": "What's the name of the UK's national mapping agency?"
},
{
"answer": "2011",
"question": "What year did Ordnance Survey's new headquarters open in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Lloyd's Register Group",
"question": "What company said it is p... |
4,289 | Southampton's strong economy is promoting redevelopment, and major projects are proposed, including the city's first skyscrapers on the waterfront. The three towers proposed will stand 23 storeys high and will be surrounded by smaller apartment blocks, office blocks and shops. There are also plans for a 15-storey hotel... | [
{
"answer": "skyscrapers",
"question": "What type of tall buildings are being planned on Southampton's waterfront?"
},
{
"answer": "23",
"question": "How many stories tall will each of the three proposed towers be?"
},
{
"answer": "Ocean Village",
"question": "What marina in Southamp... |
4,290 | According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995. | [
{
"answer": "£4.2 bn",
"question": "Going by 2004 calculations, how much does Southampton contribute to the region's economy each year?"
},
{
"answer": "the service sector",
"question": "What sector puts up most of Southampton's economic contribution?"
},
{
"answer": "1995",
"questio... |
4,291 | The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; Southampton Maritime Museum; God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and ... | [
{
"answer": "Tudor House Museum",
"question": "What museum reopened on July 30th, 2011 after a huge renovation?"
},
{
"answer": "God's House Tower",
"question": "What's the name of the museum located in one of Southampton's tower walls?"
},
{
"answer": "Solent Sky",
"question": "What... |
4,292 | The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southam... | [
{
"answer": "September",
"question": "In what month each year is the Southampton Boat Show held?"
},
{
"answer": "Mayflower Park",
"question": "What waterfront park hosts the Boat Show?"
},
{
"answer": "1968",
"question": "When was the Boat Show first held in Mayflower Park?"
},
... |
4,293 | The largest theatre in the city is the 2,300 capacity Mayflower Theatre (formerly known as the Gaumont), which, as the largest theatre in Southern England outside London, has hosted West End shows such as Les Misérables, The Rocky Horror Show and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, as well as regular visits from Welsh National Op... | [
{
"answer": "Mayflower Theatre",
"question": "What's the biggest theatre in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "2,300",
"question": "How many people can the Mayflower Theatre hold?"
},
{
"answer": "the Gaumont",
"question": "What was the former name of the Mayflower Theatre?"
},
{
... |
4,294 | There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The Southampton City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best known and as well as a nationally important Designated Collection, houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions. The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gall... | [
{
"answer": "The Southampton City Art Gallery",
"question": "What gallery in Southampton houses a Designated Collection?"
},
{
"answer": "a space",
"question": "What's the all-lowercase named arts organization in charge of the art gallery in Southampton's Bargate?"
},
{
"answer": "Art Va... |
4,295 | Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists including Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Delirious?, Manic Street Preachers, The Killers, The Kaiser Chiefs, Amy Winehouse, Lostprophets, Th... | [
{
"answer": "the Guildhall",
"question": "In addition to the Mayflower Theatre, what's Southampton's other big venue for live music?"
},
{
"answer": "Pink Floyd",
"question": "What legendary band with a color in its name has played at the Guildhall?"
},
{
"answer": "Bournemouth Symphony ... |
4,296 | The city also has several smaller music venues, including the Brook, The Talking Heads, The Soul Cellar, The Joiners and Turner Sims, as well as smaller "club circuit" venues like Hampton's and Lennon's, and a number of public houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others. The Joiners... | [
{
"answer": "Junk",
"question": "What nightclub in Southampton was nominated for the UK's best small nightclub?"
},
{
"answer": "dance",
"question": "What genre of music is featured at Junk?"
},
{
"answer": "the Dolphin",
"question": "What small music venue in Southampton is named af... |
4,297 | The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B singer Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones. Several rock bands were formed in Southampton, including Band of Skulls, The Delays, Bury Tomorrow, Heart in H... | [
{
"answer": "Craig David",
"question": "What popular RnB singer hails from Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Will Champion",
"question": "What's the name of the Coldplay drummer from Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Holloways",
"question": "What group did Southampton's Rob Skipper sing for?... |
4,298 | Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its... | [
{
"answer": "South Today",
"question": "What program with a direction in its name does the BBC broadcast from Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Meridian",
"question": "What's the name of the local ITV division?"
},
{
"answer": "Whiteley",
"question": "Where is the Meridian headquarters l... |
4,299 | Southampton also has 2 community FM radio stations, the Queens Award winning Unity 101 Community Radio (www.unity101.org) broadcasting full-time on 101.1 FM since 2006 to the Asian and Ethnic communities, and Voice FM (http://www.voicefmradio.co.uk) located in St Mary's, which has been broadcasting full-time on 103.9 F... | [
{
"answer": "2",
"question": "How many community FM radio stations are there in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Unity 101 Community Radio",
"question": "What local FM station won the Queens Award?"
}
] |
4,300 | Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include The Breeze, previously The Saint and currently broadcasting Hot adult contemporary music, Capital, previously Power FM and Galaxy and broadcasting popular music, Wave 105 and Heart Hampshire, the latter previously Ocean FM and both broadcasting adult contempora... | [
{
"answer": "The Breeze",
"question": "What's the new name of the station formerly known as The Saint?"
},
{
"answer": "Hot adult contemporary",
"question": "What genre of music is played on The Breeze?"
},
{
"answer": "Ocean FM",
"question": "What was the old name of Heart Hampshire... |
4,302 | The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League. | [
{
"answer": "Sunday",
"question": "Local Southampton football leagues have what day of the week in their names?"
},
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many local Sunday football leagues does Southampton have? "
},
{
"answer": "City of Southampton Sunday Football League",
"question":... |
4,303 | Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre. There is also the Southampton Evening Cricket League. | [
{
"answer": "the Rose Bowl",
"question": "At what venue does the Hampshire County Cricket Club play?"
},
{
"answer": "West End",
"question": "What part of the city is the Rose Bowl in?"
},
{
"answer": "the Antelope Ground",
"question": "Besides the County Cricket Ground, at what othe... |
4,304 | The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards. | [
{
"answer": "Southampton Hockey Club",
"question": "What's Southampton's hockey club named?"
},
{
"answer": "1938",
"question": "What year was Southampton Hockey Club founded?"
},
{
"answer": "7",
"question": "How many senior men's teams does the hockey club field each week?"
},
... |
4,305 | The city is also well provided for in amateur men's and women's rugby with a number of teams in and around the city, the oldest of which is Trojans RFC who were promoted to London South West 2 division in 2008/9. A notable former player is Anthony Allen, who played with Leicester Tigers as a centre. Tottonians are also... | [
{
"answer": "Trojans RFC",
"question": "What's the oldest rugby team in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "London South West 2",
"question": "What division was Trojans RFC promoted to in 2008-9?"
},
{
"answer": "Anthony Allen",
"question": "What famous player from Trojans RFC also played ... |
4,306 | The city provides for yachting and water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina. | [
{
"answer": "marinas",
"question": "What feature does Southampton have plenty of that provides for water sports and yachting?"
},
{
"answer": "the Volvo Ocean Race",
"question": "What race named after a car company used to be hosted in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "the Whitbread Around t... |
4,307 | The city also has the Southampton Sports Centre which is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an Alpine Centre, theme park and athletics centre which is used by professional athletes. With the addition of 11 other additional leisure venures which are currently operate by the Cou... | [
{
"answer": "Southampton Sports Centre",
"question": "What facility is the center of Southampton's public sports and outdoor activities?"
},
{
"answer": "11",
"question": "How many additional leisure venues are run by Council executives?"
},
{
"answer": "Park Wood Leisure",
"question... |
4,308 | Southampton was named "fittest city in the UK" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks... | [
{
"answer": "Men's Fitness",
"question": "What magazine awarded Southampton \"fittest city in the UK\" in 2006?"
},
{
"answer": "one",
"question": "How many spots did Southampton lose in the \"fittest city\" rankings for 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "London",
"question": "Who was the \"fitt... |
4,309 | Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the UK, the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh. | [
{
"answer": "Southampton Stags",
"question": "What College American Football team calls Southampton home?"
},
{
"answer": "Wide Lane Sports Facility",
"question": "At what sports venue do the Southampton Stags play?"
},
{
"answer": "Eastleigh",
"question": "Where is the Wide Lane Spo... |
4,310 | Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary. The main base of the Southampton operation is a new, eight storey purpose-built building which cost £30 million to construct. The building, located on Southern Road, opened in 2011 and is near to Southampton Central railway station. Previously, the cen... | [
{
"answer": "Hampshire Constabulary",
"question": "Who is responsible for policing Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "£30 million",
"question": "How much did it cost to build the operations base of Southampton's police service?"
},
{
"answer": "Southern Road",
"question": "On what street ... |
4,311 | Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary's, Hightown and Redbridge. | [
{
"answer": "Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service",
"question": "Who handles fires in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many fire stations are there in Southampton city limits?"
},
{
"answer": "St Mary's",
"question": "Along with Hightown and Redbridge, what's the t... |
4,313 | The city has a strong higher education sector. The University of Southampton and Southampton Solent University together have a student population of over 40,000. | [
{
"answer": "strong",
"question": "Is Southampton's higher education sector weak or strong?"
},
{
"answer": "over 40,000",
"question": "What's the combined student population of the two major universities in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Southampton Solent University",
"question": "W... |
4,314 | The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings posit... | [
{
"answer": "1862",
"question": "What year was the University of Southampton founded?"
},
{
"answer": "1952",
"question": "When did the University of Southampton receive university designation by official Royal Charter?"
},
{
"answer": "22,000",
"question": "The University of Southam... |
4,315 | Southampton Solent University has 17,000 students and its strengths are in the training, design, consultancy, research and other services undertaken for business and industry. It is also host to the Warsash Maritime Academy, which provides training and certification for the international shipping and off-shore oil indu... | [
{
"answer": "17,000",
"question": "How many students attend Southampton Solent University?"
},
{
"answer": "Warsash Maritime Academy",
"question": "What specialized academy does Southampton Solent University host?"
},
{
"answer": "off-shore oil",
"question": "In addition to internati... |
4,316 | In addition to school sixth forms at St Anne's and King Edward's there are two sixth form colleges: Itchen College and Richard Taunton Sixth Form College. A number of Southampton pupils will travel outside the city, for example to Barton Peveril College. Southampton City College is a further education college serving t... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many standalone sixth form colleges are there in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Southampton City College",
"question": "What college of further education offers vocational courses and ESOL programs?"
},
{
"answer": "Access courses",
"question": "Wha... |
4,317 | Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys. | [
{
"answer": "40",
"question": "More than what percentage of the students surveyed said they'd been bullied?"
},
{
"answer": "2,000",
"question": "About how many pupils took the bullying survey?"
},
{
"answer": "verbal",
"question": "What specific form of bullying did the survey show ... |
4,318 | It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK. With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff. | [
{
"answer": "secondary",
"question": "Which level of schools in Southampton are the worst behaved in the UK?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many times the national average are the suspension rates at Southampton's secondary schools?"
},
{
"answer": "1",
"question": "Out of... |
4,319 | Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country. The M27 motorway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The M3 motorway links the city to London and also, via a link to the A34 (part of the European route E05) at Winchester, with... | [
{
"answer": "M27",
"question": "Which motorway located north of Southampton links up England's south coast?"
},
{
"answer": "M3",
"question": "Which motorway connects Southampton to London?"
},
{
"answer": "Winchester",
"question": "What city is located on the A34 where the M3 connec... |
4,320 | Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwar... | [
{
"answer": "passenger services",
"question": "Southampton's railways provide freight services and what other important services?"
},
{
"answer": "Southampton Central",
"question": "What's the name of the main train station in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Portsmouth",
"question": "H... |
4,321 | Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train runn... | [
{
"answer": "central",
"question": "In addition to the southern and eastern sections of Southampton, what other section has local train service?"
},
{
"answer": "South West Trains",
"question": "What company operates Southampton's local train service?"
},
{
"answer": "Hampshire County Co... |
4,322 | The town was the subject of an attempt by a separate company, the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway, to open another rail route to the North in the 1880s and some building work, including a surviving embankment, was undertaken in the Hill Lane area. | [
{
"answer": "Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway",
"question": "What competing railway company tried to open a rail route in the 1880s?"
},
{
"answer": "North",
"question": "In which direction did the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway want to expand?"
},
{
"answer": "embankment... |
4,323 | Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services. | [
{
"answer": "Eastleigh",
"question": "In what town is Southampton Airport located?"
},
{
"answer": "north",
"question": "What direction would one travel from Southampton to get to the airport in Eastleigh?"
},
{
"answer": "bus",
"question": "If passengers don't want to take a train t... |
4,324 | Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc. The latter has headquarters in Southampton, with its brands including Princess Cruises, P&O Cruises and Cunard Line. | [
{
"answer": "Carnival Corporation & plc",
"question": "What cruise line has its headquarters in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Royal Caribbean",
"question": "Besides Carnival, what other major cruise line parks its record-breaking cruise ships in Southampton Water? "
},
{
"answer": "Princ... |
4,325 | The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard ships are regularly launched in t... | [
{
"answer": "Cunard Line",
"question": "What brand of cruise ships has a special importance to Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "RMS Queen Elizabeth 2",
"question": "What was the name of the liner that left Southampton on its final journey on November 11, 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "HRH The Duche... |
4,326 | At certain times of the year, The Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria may all visit Southampton at the same time, in an event commonly called 'Arrival of the Three Queens'. | [
{
"answer": "Arrival of the Three Queens",
"question": "What does Southampton call the event when three ships named after queens all visit the city?"
},
{
"answer": "Queen Mary 2",
"question": "Which of the \"Three Queens\" has a number in its name?"
},
{
"answer": "Queen Elizabeth",
... |
4,327 | The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. | [
{
"answer": "P&O Cruises",
"question": "What cruise line celebrated a landmark anniversary in Southampton in July of 2012?"
},
{
"answer": "175th",
"question": "Which anniversary did P&O celebrate in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "seven",
"question": "How many P&O liners visited South... |
4,328 | While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many internal ferry services does Southampton serve?"
},
{
"answer": "Town Quay",
"question": "What is the name of the quay where all three ferries have their terminals?"
},
{
"answer": "Two",
"question": "How many of the ferries connect to the I... |
4,329 | Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton wi... | [
{
"answer": "1960s",
"question": "In what decade was the ferry port built in Southampton to carry people to exotic destinations on the continent?"
},
{
"answer": "1996",
"question": "By what year did car ferries finish operating from Southampton, other than the one to the Isle of Wight?"
},
... |
4,330 | Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The main bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach and Xelabus. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the U... | [
{
"answer": "Buses",
"question": "What form of public transport do most people in Southampton use now?"
},
{
"answer": "Bluestar",
"question": "Along with First Southampton, what is the other main bus operator in Southampton?"
},
{
"answer": "Uni-link",
"question": "What bus service ... |
4,331 | There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series o... | [
{
"answer": "Pound Tree Road",
"question": "What road does First use stops around to leave a terminal available for other buses?"
},
{
"answer": "Uni-link",
"question": "Which bus service passes West Quay going in both directions?"
},
{
"answer": "Wilts & Dorset",
"question": "What o... |
4,332 | A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, a... | [
{
"answer": "sovereign states and international organizations",
"question": "Who are the actors in international law?"
},
{
"answer": "A treaty",
"question": "What is an agreement entered into by actors in international law?"
},
{
"answer": "equally",
"question": "How are different f... |
4,333 | Treaties can be loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can be held liable under international law. | [
{
"answer": "live up to their obligations",
"question": "What must a party to a treaty do to prevent being held liable under international law?"
},
{
"answer": "contracts",
"question": "What is comparable in domestic law to a treaty in international law?"
},
{
"answer": "international la... |
4,334 | A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally bind themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. | [
{
"answer": "in words",
"question": "How are the agreements in a treaty expressed?"
},
{
"answer": "legally",
"question": "How are states that enter into a treaty bound?"
},
{
"answer": "A treaty",
"question": "What is an official document which expresses an agreement between two sta... |
4,335 | Since the late 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as... | [
{
"answer": "a fairly consistent format",
"question": "What is shared by most treaties since the late 19th century?"
},
{
"answer": "a preamble",
"question": "What is the beginning of a typical treaty called?"
},
{
"answer": "readability",
"question": "Why are long sentences in a mod... |
4,336 | The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to act on b... | [
{
"answer": "boilerplate",
"question": "What term describes a common clause in a treaty stating that the representatives of the parties have communicated their full powers?"
},
{
"answer": "full powers",
"question": "What are the official documents appointing a party's representative to act on t... |
4,337 | After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings. | [
{
"answer": "numbered articles",
"question": "What follows the preamble in a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "the substance of the parties' actual agreement",
"question": "What is contained in the numbered articles of a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "a paragraph",
"question": "What does each artic... |
4,338 | Modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved. | [
{
"answer": "peaceful",
"question": "What type of resolution to disputes is typically outlined in a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "articles",
"question": "Which section of a treaty typically contains information about the whereabouts of the final authentic copies of a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
4,339 | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written... | [
{
"answer": "the eschatocol",
"question": "What is the formal name for the closing protocol of a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s)",
"question": "What typically follows the signatures in a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "its most formal, longest poss... |
4,340 | The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. | [
{
"answer": "the parties' representatives",
"question": "Whose signatures appear at the very end of a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "in a collection of treaties currently in effect",
"question": "Where might the text of a treaty be reprinted?"
},
{
"answer": "an editor",
"question": "Who, ... |
4,341 | Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of thes... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between how many states or entities?"
},
{
"answer": "It is possible",
"question": "Is it possible for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties?"
},
{
"answer": "the European Economic Area agreement",
"question"... |
4,342 | A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each s... | [
{
"answer": "A multilateral treaty",
"question": "What is a treaty concluded among several countries?"
},
{
"answer": "each party and every other party",
"question": "Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations?"
},
{
"answer": "attack",
"questio... |
4,343 | Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it ... | [
{
"answer": "Reservations",
"question": "What are caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "Reservations",
"question": "What are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on a state?"
},
{
"answer": "at the time of s... |
4,344 | Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the same reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties stil... | [
{
"answer": "reservations",
"question": "A more permissive rule regarding what emerged to encourage the largest number of states to join treaties?"
},
{
"answer": "inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty",
"question": "Reservations are generally permitted so long as they are not w... |
4,345 | When a state limits its treaty obligations through reservations, other states party to that treaty have the option to accept those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them. If the state accepts them (or fails to act at all), both the reserving state and the accepting state are relieved of the reserved le... | [
{
"answer": "accept those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them",
"question": "When a state adds reservations to a treaty, other parties to the treaty can respond to those reservations in what ways?"
},
{
"answer": "other parties to the treaty",
"question": "Who remains unaffec... |
4,346 | There are three ways an existing treaty can be amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can be long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the ame... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many ways are there to amend an existing treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "the ratification process",
"question": "What must state parties to a treaty repeat to adopt a formal amendment to the treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "a procès-verbal",
"question": "What a... |
4,347 | In international law and international relations, a protocol is generally a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement. A protocol can amend the previous treaty, or add additional provisions. Parties to the earlier agreement are not required to adopt the protocol. So... | [
{
"answer": "a protocol",
"question": "What is a treaty that supplements a previous treaty in international law?"
},
{
"answer": "add additional provisions",
"question": "A protocol may either amend a previous treaty or do what?"
},
{
"answer": "not required",
"question": "Do parties... |
4,348 | Some examples: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a framework for the development of binding greenhouse gas emission limits, while the Kyoto Protocol contained the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon. | [
{
"answer": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change",
"question": "The Kyoto Protocol is associated with what treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "the Kyoto Protocol",
"question": "The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was supplemented by what protocol?"
},
{
"answ... |
4,349 | Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action. Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations. An ex... | [
{
"answer": "self-executing",
"question": "A treaty that puts all of its obligations in action simply by becoming a party to it is known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "implementing legislation",
"question": "What do non-self-executing treaties typically require from a party to enable it to fulfill it... |
4,350 | The division between the two is often not clear and is often politicized in disagreements within a government over a treaty, since a non-self-executing treaty cannot be acted on without the proper change in domestic law. If a treaty requires implementing legislation, a state may be in default of its obligations by the ... | [
{
"answer": "a non-self-executing treaty",
"question": "What type of treaty cannot be acted on without the proper change in domestic law?"
},
{
"answer": "pass the necessary domestic laws",
"question": "A state party may be in default of its obligations under a non-self-executing treaty if its l... |
4,351 | The language of treaties, like that of any law or contract, must be interpreted when the wording does not seem clear or it is not immediately apparent how it should be applied in a perhaps unforeseen circumstance. The Vienna Convention states that treaties are to be interpreted "in good faith" according to the "ordinar... | [
{
"answer": "principle of maximum effectiveness",
"question": "What principle is often invoked by legal experts when interpreting the language of treaties?"
},
{
"answer": "the fullest force and effect",
"question": "The principle of maximum effectiveness interprets the language of treaties as h... |
4,352 | No one party to a treaty can impose its particular interpretation of the treaty upon the other parties. Consent may be implied, however, if the other parties fail to explicitly disavow that initially unilateral interpretation, particularly if that state has acted upon its view of the treaty without complaint. Consent b... | [
{
"answer": "impose its particular interpretation of the treaty",
"question": "No one party to a treaty can do what to the other parties?"
},
{
"answer": "Consent",
"question": "What may be implied of other parties fail to explicitly disavow a party's initially unilateral interpretation of a tre... |
4,353 | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | [
{
"answer": "substantial disputes over treaty interpretations",
"question": "What are international tribunals and arbiters often called upon to resolve in regards to treaties?"
},
{
"answer": "International tribunals and arbiters",
"question": "What judicial bodies might be called upon to resolv... |
4,354 | One significant part of treaty making is that signing a treaty implies recognition that the other side is a sovereign state and that the agreement being considered is enforceable under international law. Hence, nations can be very careful about terming an agreement to be a treaty. For example, within the United States,... | [
{
"answer": "compacts",
"question": "What are agreements between states within the United States called?"
},
{
"answer": "memoranda of understanding",
"question": "What are agreements between states and the federal government called within the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "memoranda of... |
4,355 | Another situation can occur when one party wishes to create an obligation under international law, but the other party does not. This factor has been at work with respect to discussions between North Korea and the United States over security guarantees and nuclear proliferation. | [
{
"answer": "international law",
"question": "Parties to a treaty may disagree over a desire to create an obligation under what?"
},
{
"answer": "North Korea and the United States",
"question": "Discussions between what two countries have been influence by one party's desire to create an obligat... |
4,356 | The terminology can also be confusing because a treaty may and usually is named something other than a treaty, such as a convention, protocol, or simply agreement. Conversely some legal documents such as the Treaty of Waitangi are internationally considered to be documents under domestic law. | [
{
"answer": "documents under domestic law",
"question": "What is the Treaty of Waitangi internationally considered to be?"
},
{
"answer": "convention, protocol, or simply agreement",
"question": "What other terms might be used to refer to a treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "named something other ... |
4,357 | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Conven... | [
{
"answer": "consent",
"question": "Traditionally, what must a state do in order for an obligation to arise in international law?"
},
{
"answer": "procedures of notification",
"question": "What is the only barrier to withdrawal contained in many treaties?"
},
{
"answer": "not necessarily... |
4,358 | The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations,... | [
{
"answer": "the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights",
"question": "What is an example of a treaty from which it is not possible to withdraw?"
},
{
"answer": "North Korea",
"question": "What state declared its intention to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Po... |
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