id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
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6,305 | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | [
{
"answer": "computer science",
"question": "Of what discipline is affective computing a branch?"
},
{
"answer": "Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper",
"question": "What is the foundational document of affective computing?"
},
{
"answer": "passive sensors",
"question": "In affective computi... |
6,306 | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | [
{
"answer": "instrumental behavior",
"question": "Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable emotional component?"
},
{
"answer": "subjective experience",
"question": "With what emotional component did Willi... |
6,307 | In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although th... | [
{
"answer": "components processing model",
"question": "What model of emotion was developed by Scherer?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?"
},
{
"answer": "appraisal",
"question": "What processes ... |
6,308 | Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t... | [
{
"answer": "multidimensional scaling",
"question": "What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?"
},
{
"answer": "arousal",
"question": "Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?"
},
{
"answer": "arousal",
"que... |
6,309 | More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and plan... | [
{
"answer": "neuroimaging",
"question": "What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?"
},
{
"answer": "António Damásio",
"question": "Along with LeDoux, who was a notable neurological brain researcher?"
},
{
"answer": "Paul D. MacLean",
"quest... |
6,310 | This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha... | [
{
"answer": "Howard M. Weiss",
"question": "Along with Cropanzano, who developed a communication-based theory of emotional experience?"
},
{
"answer": "1996",
"question": "When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?"
},
{
"answer": "work",
"question": "What context did the theo... |
6,311 | The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which i... | [
{
"answer": "motor centers",
"question": "What parts of reptiles respond to sensory cues?"
},
{
"answer": "smell",
"question": "What is the principal sense of night-active mammals?"
},
{
"answer": "reptiles slept",
"question": "Why were early mammals active at night?"
},
{
"a... |
6,312 | This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivi... | [
{
"answer": "Direction Model",
"question": "What model described the opposite of approach as moving away?"
},
{
"answer": "Movement Model",
"question": "What model described the opposite of approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?"
},
{
"answer": "passive yielding",
"qu... |
6,313 | In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study o... | [
{
"answer": "microeconomics",
"question": "In what economics sub-field are emotions discussed?"
},
{
"answer": "the analysis of voter decision-making",
"question": "What is a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?"
},
{
"answer": "tort law",
"question": "Alon... |
6,314 | Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys ... | [
{
"answer": "anger",
"question": "What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?"
},
{
"answer": "fear",
"question": "Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?"
},
{
"answer": "disgust",
"question": "The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in m... |
6,315 | Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'... | [
{
"answer": "27",
"question": "How many Copa del Rey trophies has Barcelona won?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many UEFA Champions League titles has Barcelona won?"
},
{
"answer": "1997, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015",
"question": "Barcelona ranked first in the IFFHS Club Worl... |
6,317 | The 1973–74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff, who was bought for a world record £920,000 from Ajax. Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Fran... | [
{
"answer": "The 1973–74 season",
"question": "When did Johan Cruyff join Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco",
"question": "What did Johan Cruyff say to the European press that won over Barelona fans?"
},
{
"answer": "Catalan Saint G... |
6,318 | Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale. However, new heroes emerged, such as Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert, Luis Enrique and Rivaldo, and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998. In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and R... | [
{
"answer": "1998",
"question": "In what year did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?"
},
{
"answer": "1999",
"question": "In what year did Barcelona win the Primera División title?"
},
{
"answer": "2000",
"question": "In what year did van Gaal and Núñez resign from Barc... |
6,319 | On 4 January 2016, Barcelona's transfer ban ended. The same day, they registered 77 players across all categories and ages, and both last summer signings Arda Turan and Aleix Vidal became eligible to play with the first team. On 10 February, qualifying for the sixth Copa del Rey final in the last eight seasons, Luis En... | [
{
"answer": "77",
"question": "How many players did Barcelona list on the day their transfer ban ended?"
},
{
"answer": "Copa del Rey final",
"question": "What event in February did Barcelona qualify for for the sixth time?"
},
{
"answer": "28",
"question": "How many consecutive wins... |
6,320 | Though it is the most played local derby in the history of La Liga, it is also the most unbalanced, with Barcelona overwhelmingly dominant. In the primera división league table, Espanyol has only managed to end above Barça on three occasions from 80 seasons (1928–2015) and the only all-Catalan Copa del Rey final was wo... | [
{
"answer": "Barcelona",
"question": "What team is dominate in won games in La Liga?"
},
{
"answer": "Espanyol",
"question": "What team has beaten Barcelona three times in 80 seasons?"
},
{
"answer": "Barcelona",
"question": "What team won the all-Catalan Copa del Rey in 1957?"
},
... |
6,321 | Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also... | [
{
"answer": "Athletic Bilbao",
"question": "Besides Barcelona and Real Madrid, what other team has remained in the Primera Division?"
},
{
"answer": "continental treble",
"question": "What series of wins did Barcelona achieve in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many com... |
6,322 | As of December 2015[update], Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, three Copa Eva Duarte[note 2] and two Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. They have also won five UEFA Champions League, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a s... | [
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many UEFA Champions League wins does Barcelona have?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "What is the number of UEFA Cup Winners' Cup competitions Barcelona has won?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many UEFA Super Cup awards does Barcelo... |
6,323 | A month after the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, several players from Barcelona enlisted in the ranks of those who fought against the military uprising, along with players from Athletic Bilbao. On 6 August, Falangist soldiers near Guadarrama murdered club president Josep Sunyol, a representative of the pro-independen... | [
{
"answer": "Josep Sunyol",
"question": "Who was murdered on 6 August, 1936?"
},
{
"answer": "pro-independence political party",
"question": "Besides being club president, what was Sunyol involved in to have caused his murder?"
},
{
"answer": "martyr",
"question": "What was Sunyol ca... |
6,325 | After the disappointment of the Gaspart era, the combination of a new young president, Joan Laporta, and a young new manager, former Dutch and Milan star Frank Rijkaard, saw the club bounce back. On the field, an influx of international players, including Ronaldinho, Deco, Henrik Larsson, Ludovic Giuly, Samuel Eto'o, a... | [
{
"answer": "Gaspart",
"question": "Under whose direction was there disappointment?"
},
{
"answer": "Frank Rijkaard",
"question": "After Gaspart, who was manager of team Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "international",
"question": "At this time, what type of players were added to Barcelon... |
6,326 | Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year'... | [
{
"answer": "25",
"question": "How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey?"
},
{
"answer": "Real Madrid",
"question": "What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?"
},
{
"answer": "Manchester United",
"question": "What team did Barcelona beat to win 2008... |
6,327 | It was announced in summer of 2012 that Tito Vilanova, assistant manager at FC Barcelona, would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager. Following his appointment, Barcelona went on an incredible run that saw them hold the top spot on the league table for the entire season, recording only two losses and amassing 100 po... | [
{
"answer": "2012",
"question": "When did Tito Vilanova become manager of FC Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "Pep Guardiola",
"question": "Who did Vilanova replace as manager?"
},
{
"answer": "100",
"question": "How many total points did Barcelona collect during the 20012 season?"
},
... |
6,328 | In late December, Barcelona's appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport was unsuccessful and the original transfer ban was reinstated, leaving the club unable to utilise the 2015 winter and summer transfer windows. On 5 January 2015, Zubizareta was sacked by the board after 4 years as director of football. The next ... | [
{
"answer": "Court of Arbitration for Sport",
"question": "To whom did Barcelona appeal to lift the transfer bad?"
},
{
"answer": "2015",
"question": "During what year was Barcelona not allowed to use their transfer windows?"
},
{
"answer": "5 January 2015",
"question": "When was Zu... |
6,329 | In addition to membership, as of 2010[update] there are 1,335 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, around the world. The fan clubs promote Barcelona in their locality and receive beneficial offers when visiting Barcelona. Among the best supported teams globally, Barcelona has the highest social media followi... | [
{
"answer": "1,335",
"question": "How many registered fan clubs does Barcelona have worldwide?"
},
{
"answer": "penyes",
"question": "What are the fan clubs called?"
},
{
"answer": "over 90 million",
"question": "How many Facebook followers does team Barcelona have?"
},
{
"an... |
6,330 | Barça's local rival has always been Espanyol. Blanc-i-blaus, being one of the clubs granted royal patronage, was founded exclusively by Spanish football fans, unlike the multinational nature of Barça's primary board. The founding message of the club was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they disapprovingly saw FC Barcelona a... | [
{
"answer": "Espanyol",
"question": "What team is Barcelona's local rival?"
},
{
"answer": "Blanc-i-blaus",
"question": "What club was granted royal patronage?"
},
{
"answer": "Spanish football fans",
"question": "What type of group founded Espanyol?"
},
{
"answer": "multinat... |
6,331 | The club's original crest was a quartered diamond-shaped crest topped by the Crown of Aragon and the bat of King James, and surrounded by two branches, one of a laurel tree and the other a palm. In 1910 the club held a competition among its members to design a new crest. The winner was Carles Comamala, who at the time ... | [
{
"answer": "Crown of Aragon",
"question": "What royal symbol appears on the club's crest?"
},
{
"answer": "laurel",
"question": "Beside a palm, what tree appears on the crest?"
},
{
"answer": "1910",
"question": "When was a competition held to produce a team crest?"
},
{
"an... |
6,332 | In 1922, the number of supporters had surpassed 20,000 and by lending money to the club, Barça was able to build the larger Camp de Les Corts, which had an initial capacity of 20,000 spectators. After the Spanish Civil War the club started attracting more members and a larger number of spectators at matches. This led t... | [
{
"answer": "20,000",
"question": "What was the number of team Barcelona supporters by 1922?"
},
{
"answer": "Camp de Les Corts",
"question": "What did Barcelona build in 1922?"
},
{
"answer": "20,000",
"question": "How many people could Camp de Les Corts hold?"
},
{
"answer"... |
6,333 | On 16 March 1938, Barcelona came under aerial bombardment from the Italian Air Force, causing more than 3,000 deaths, with one of the bombs hitting the club's offices. A few months later, Catalonia came under occupation and as a symbol of the "undisciplined" Catalanism, the club, now down to just 3,486 members, faced a... | [
{
"answer": "16 March 1938",
"question": "When did the Italians bomb Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "\"undisciplined\" Catalanism",
"question": "Why was club Barcelona placed under restrictions during the occupation?"
},
{
"answer": "regional nationalism",
"question": "What kind of signs... |
6,334 | In June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors. In the following season, under coach Luis, Barcelona won the Copa del Rey, beating Real Madrid. However, Maradona's time with Barcelona was short-lived and he soon left for Napoli. At the start of the 1984–85 season, Terry V... | [
{
"answer": "£5 million",
"question": "How much was the signing payment for Diego Maradona?"
},
{
"answer": "June 1982",
"question": "When was Diego Maradona signed by Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "Real Madrid",
"question": "Who did Barcelona defeat the season following the signing of ... |
6,335 | Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (More than a club). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the second most valuable sports... | [
{
"answer": "1899",
"question": "When was Barcelona founded?"
},
{
"answer": "Joan Gamper",
"question": "Who led the founders of the Barcelona football club?"
},
{
"answer": "Més que un club",
"question": "What is the Barcelona motto?"
},
{
"answer": "$3.16 billion",
"que... |
6,336 | FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final. Hans Gamper — now known as Joan Gamper — became club p... | [
{
"answer": "1902",
"question": "In what year did Barcelona win its first trophy? "
},
{
"answer": "Copa Macaya",
"question": "What was the first cup Barcelona won?"
},
{
"answer": "1908",
"question": "When did Joan Gamper become the president of the Barcelona club?"
},
{
"an... |
6,337 | In 1943, Barcelona faced rivals Real Madrid in the semi-finals of Copa del Generalísimo (now the Copa del Rey). The first match at Les Corts was won by Barcelona 3–0. Real Madrid comfortably won the second leg, beating Barcelona 11–1. According to football writer Sid Lowe, "There have been relatively few mentions of th... | [
{
"answer": "Barcelona",
"question": "What team won the first match in the 1943 Copa del Generalissimo?"
},
{
"answer": "11–1",
"question": "What was the score of the second match in 1943 played against Real Madrid?"
},
{
"answer": "police",
"question": "Who is rumored to have threat... |
6,338 | The 1960s were less successful for the club, with Real Madrid monopolising La Liga. The completion of the Camp Nou, finished in 1957, meant the club had little money to spend on new players. The 1960s saw the emergence of Josep Maria Fusté and Carles Rexach, and the club won the Copa del Generalísimo in 1963 and the Fa... | [
{
"answer": "Real Madrid",
"question": "What team was dominate in the 1960s in La Liga?"
},
{
"answer": "Copa del Generalísimo",
"question": "Due to the emergence of Fuste and Rexach, what competition did Barcelona win in 1963?"
},
{
"answer": "Fairs Cup",
"question": "What competiti... |
6,339 | Around this time, tensions began to arise between what was perceived as president Núñez's dictatorial rule and the nationalistic support group, Boixos Nois. The group, identified with a left-wing separatism, repeatedly demanded the resignation of Núñez and openly defied him through chants and banners at matches. At the... | [
{
"answer": "Boixos Nois",
"question": "What political group wanted Nunez to resign the presidency?"
},
{
"answer": "left-wing separatism",
"question": " To what did Boixos Nois idetify themselves as belonging?"
},
{
"answer": "skinheads",
"question": "What right-wing separatists tri... |
6,340 | Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star Lionel Messi. There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticized coach Frank Rijkaard... | [
{
"answer": "without trophies",
"question": "How did Barcelona finish the 2006-07 season?"
},
{
"answer": "US tour",
"question": "What event was blamed for the injuries to Barcelona stars?"
},
{
"answer": "Real Madrid",
"question": "What team beat Barcelona in La Liga in the 2006-07 ... |
6,341 | Later the same month, Barcelona won the UEFA Super Cup after defeating Porto 2–0 thanks to goals from Lionel Messi and Cesc Fàbregas. This extended the club's overall number of official trophies to 74, surpassing Real Madrid's total amount of official trophies. The UEFA Super Cup victory also marked another impressive ... | [
{
"answer": "UEFA Super Cup",
"question": "What competition did Barcelona win because of goals by Messi and Fabregas?"
},
{
"answer": "Porto",
"question": "Which team did Barcelona beat to win the UEFA Super Cup?"
},
{
"answer": "74",
"question": " How many total trophies did Barcel... |
6,342 | In April 2014, FIFA banned the club from buying players for the next two transfer windows following the violation of the FIFA's rules about the transfer of footballers aged under 18. A statement on FIFA's website read "With regard to the case in question, FC Barcelona has been found to be in breach of art. 19 of the Re... | [
{
"answer": "April 2014",
"question": "When FIFA ban Barcelona from buying players?"
},
{
"answer": "footballers aged under 18",
"question": "What was the FIFA charge that Barcelona violated?"
},
{
"answer": "CHF 450,000",
"question": "What fine did FIFA impose on Barcelona for the ... |
6,343 | On 11 August, Barcelona started the 2015–16 season winning a joint record fifth European Super Cup by beating Sevilla FC 5–4 in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. They ended the year with a 3–0 win over Argentine club River Plate in the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December to win the trophy for a record third time, with... | [
{
"answer": "Sevilla FC",
"question": "Who did Barcelona beat to win the 2015 UEFA Super Cup?"
},
{
"answer": "River Plate",
"question": "What team did Barcelona defeat to win the 2015 FIFA World Cup Final?"
},
{
"answer": "Al Ahly SC",
"question": "What was the only team to match Ba... |
6,344 | In the 2005–06 season, Barcelona repeated their league and Supercup successes. The pinnacle of the league season arrived at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in a 3–0 win over Real Madrid. It was Frank Rijkaard's second victory at the Bernabéu, making him the first Barcelona manager to win there twice. Ronaldinho's perform... | [
{
"answer": "Santiago Bernabéu Stadium",
"question": "Where did Barcelona defeat Real Madrid for a trophy win in 2005-06?"
},
{
"answer": "3–0",
"question": "What was the winning score for the game with Real Madrid at Bernabeu stadium?"
},
{
"answer": "second victory",
"question": "H... |
6,345 | During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned. Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barça be... | [
{
"answer": "dictatorships",
"question": "What caused the suppression of regional cultures?"
},
{
"answer": "Spanish (Castilian)",
"question": "Of the languages of the are, what was the only approved language?"
},
{
"answer": "joining Barça",
"question": "How did the Catalans show th... |
6,347 | In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol su... | [
{
"answer": "1918",
"question": "When did Espanyol offer a counter-petition against autonomy?"
},
{
"answer": "Falangists",
"question": "Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?"
},
{
"answer": "derbi",
"question": "What event is more relevant to Espanyol supporters ... |
6,348 | FC Barcelona's all-time highest goalscorer in all competitions (including friendlies) is Lionel Messi with 474 goals. Messi is also the all-time highest goalscorer for Barcelona in all official competitions, excluding friendlies, with 445 goals. He is the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (82 goals) and inter... | [
{
"answer": "474",
"question": "What is Lionel Messi's goal total in all competitions?"
},
{
"answer": "Four",
"question": "How many players on the Barelona team have scored over 100 goals?"
},
{
"answer": "445",
"question": "What is Messi's total goal scores in official competitions... |
6,349 | Barcelona won the treble in the 2014–2015 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last... | [
{
"answer": "Barcelona",
"question": "What team has won the treble competitions twice?"
},
{
"answer": "La Liga",
"question": "What competition did Barcelona win on May 17 of the 2014-15 season?"
},
{
"answer": "Atlético Madrid",
"question": "What team did Barcelona defeat to win th... |
6,351 | There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico. From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catal... | [
{
"answer": "El Clásico",
"question": "What is the game between the rivals Barcelona and Real Madrid called?"
},
{
"answer": "rival regions",
"question": "What basic difference is there between the teams of Barcelona and Real Madrid?"
},
{
"answer": "Catalonia and Castile",
"question... |
6,352 | In 1980, when the stadium was in need of redesign to meet UEFA criteria, the club raised money by offering supporters the opportunity to inscribe their name on the bricks for a small fee. The idea was popular with supporters, and thousands of people paid the fee. Later this became the centre of controversy when media i... | [
{
"answer": "meet UEFA criteria",
"question": "Why did the stadium need to be redesigned in 1980?"
},
{
"answer": "inscribe their name",
"question": "What were people allowed to do to bricks for a fee to support the stadium redesign?"
},
{
"answer": "popular",
"question": "How did su... |
6,353 | Traditionally, Espanyol was seen by the vast majority of Barcelona's citizens as a club which cultivated a kind of compliance to the central authority, in stark contrast to Barça's revolutionary spirit. Also in the 1960s and 1970s, while FC Barcelona acted as an integrating force for Catalonia's new arrivals from poore... | [
{
"answer": "compliance",
"question": "How was Espanyol viewed as being toward Spanish authority by the people of Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "Catalonia's new arrivals",
"question": "What type of supporters did Barcelona attract?"
},
{
"answer": "close to the regime",
"question": "Fr... |
6,354 | The blue and red colours of the shirt were first worn in a match against Hispania in 1900. Several competing theories have been put forth for the blue and red design of the Barcelona shirt. The son of the first president, Arthur Witty, claimed it was the idea of his father as the colours were the same as the Merchant T... | [
{
"answer": "1900",
"question": "When were the blue and red colors worn for a game by Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "Hispania",
"question": "When the colors were first worn, what team did Barcelona play?"
},
{
"answer": "flag of Catalonia",
"question": "What do the red and yellow stripe... |
6,355 | After the construction was complete there was no further room for expansion at Les Corts. Back-to-back La Liga titles in 1948 and 1949 and the signing of László Kubala in June 1950, who would later go on to score 196 goals in 256 matches, drew larger crowds to the games. The club began to make plans for a new stadium. ... | [
{
"answer": "196",
"question": "How many goals did Laszlo Kubala score in 256 matches?"
},
{
"answer": "La Liga",
"question": "What titles did Barcelona win in 1948 and 1949?"
},
{
"answer": "June 1950",
"question": "When did Barcelona sign Kubala?"
},
{
"answer": "1954",
... |
6,356 | Barcelona is one of the most supported teams in the world, and has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona's players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (11), as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7). In 2010, the club made history when thre... | [
{
"answer": "Barcelona",
"question": "Which sports team has the world's largest social media following?"
},
{
"answer": "11",
"question": "How Ballon d'Or awards have members of the Barcelona team won?"
},
{
"answer": "7",
"question": "How amny FIFA World Player of the Year have memb... |
6,357 | With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in ... | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many times did Barcelona win the Pyrenees Cup?"
},
{
"answer": "Marca Hispanica",
"question": "From what area were the participants of the Pyrenees Cup competition?"
},
{
"answer": "1910",
"question": "When was the Pyrenees Cup play begun?"
},
... |
6,358 | In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new presiden... | [
{
"answer": "Josep Lluís Núñez",
"question": "Who was the first elected president of the Barcelona club?"
},
{
"answer": "1978",
"question": "When was Nunez elected as president of FC Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "members of Barcelona",
"question": "What group elects the club president... |
6,360 | Two days later, it was announced that Luis Enrique would return to Barcelona as head coach, after he agreed to a two-year deal. He was recommended by sporting director Andoni Zubizarreta, his former national teammate. Following Enrique's arrival, Barcelona broke their transfer record when they paid Liverpool F.C. betwe... | [
{
"answer": "Luis Enrique",
"question": "Who returned to Barcelona as head coach?"
},
{
"answer": "two-year",
"question": "How long did Enrique 's deal as coach run?"
},
{
"answer": "between €81 to €94 million",
"question": "How much did Barcelona pay for Luis Saurez?"
},
{
"... |
6,361 | The nickname culé for a Barcelona supporter is derived from the Catalan cul (English: arse), as the spectators at the first stadium, Camp de la Indústria, sat with their culs over the stand. In Spain, about 25% of the population is said to be Barça sympathisers, second behind Real Madrid, supported by 32% of the popula... | [
{
"answer": "culé",
"question": "What is the nickname for a Barcelona supporter?"
},
{
"answer": "25%",
"question": "How much of the Spanish population are Barcelona supporters?"
},
{
"answer": "32%",
"question": "How much of the population of Spain are supporters of Real Madrid?"
... |
6,362 | During the 1950s the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success. The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice in a controversial knock-out round of the E... | [
{
"answer": "Alfredo di Stéfano",
"question": "In 1950 what player was successful for Real Madrid?"
},
{
"answer": "1960s",
"question": "When did Barcelona meet Real Madrid twice in Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "Match of The Century",
"question": "What was a match between Real Madrid and ... |
6,363 | In 2010, Forbes evaluated Barcelona's worth to be around €752 million (USD $1 billion), ranking them fourth after Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Arsenal, based on figures from the 2008–09 season. According to Deloitte, Barcelona had a recorded revenue of €366 million in the same period, ranking second to Real Madr... | [
{
"answer": "€752 million",
"question": "What did Forbes say Barcelona was worth in 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "fourth",
"question": "In what place does the Forbes ranking put Barcelona?"
},
{
"answer": "Manchester United",
"question": "Besides Real Madrid and Arsenal,what other team is a... |
6,364 | Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the ... | [
{
"answer": "2009",
"question": "When did Barcelona become the first Spanish team to win the treble competitions?"
},
{
"answer": "single year",
"question": "In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time?"
},
{
"answer": "Barcelona",
"que... |
6,365 | Everton were founder members of the Premier League in 1992, but struggled to find the right manager. Howard Kendall had returned in 1990 but could not repeat his previous success, while his successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date. When former Everton player Joe Royle took ... | [
{
"answer": "1992",
"question": "When was Everton admitted as a member of the Premier League?"
},
{
"answer": "1990",
"question": "What year did Howard Kendall return to manage Everton?"
},
{
"answer": "Mike Walker",
"question": "Who replaced Howard Kendall as Everton's manager?"
}... |
6,366 | The Tower has been inextricably linked with the Everton area since its construction in 1787. It was originally used as a bridewell to incarcerate mainly drunks and minor criminals, and it still stands today on Everton Brow in Netherfield Road. The tower was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and, accordin... | [
{
"answer": "1787",
"question": "When was the Tower constructed?"
},
{
"answer": "bridewell",
"question": "For what purpose was the Tower first used?"
},
{
"answer": "Netherfield",
"question": "On what road is the Tower located on?"
},
{
"answer": "Nil Satis Nisi Optimum",
... |
6,367 | On matchdays, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme tune to Z-Cars, named "Johnny Todd", a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson which tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea, although on two separate occasions in the 1994, they ra... | [
{
"answer": "Johnny Todd",
"question": "What is the name of the theme song that players walk out to on Everton matchdays?"
},
{
"answer": "Liverpool",
"question": "Where did \"Johnny Todd\"--the theme song for Everton matchdays--originate?"
},
{
"answer": "1994",
"question": "What ye... |
6,368 | Everton hold the record for the most seasons in England's top tier (Division One/Premier League), at 111 seasons out of 114 as of 2014–15 (the club played in Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54). They are one of seven teams to have played all 22 seasons of the Premier League since its inception in August 1992 – the ... | [
{
"answer": "111",
"question": "How many seasons out of the last 114 has Everton been in England's top tier?"
},
{
"answer": "seven",
"question": "How many other teams have played all 22 seasons in the Premier League since its inception?"
},
{
"answer": "1992",
"question": "When was ... |
6,369 | Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league c... | [
{
"answer": "1878",
"question": "When was the Everton club founded?"
},
{
"answer": "1960s",
"question": "In what decade did Everton experience a revival?"
},
{
"answer": "1995",
"question": "When was Everton's most recent trophy awarded?"
},
{
"answer": "two",
"question"... |
6,370 | Everton were relegated to the Second Division two years later during internal turmoil at the club. However, the club was promoted at the first attempt scoring a record number of goals in the second division. On return to the top flight in 1931–32, Everton wasted no time in reaffirming their status and won a fourth Leag... | [
{
"answer": "1931–32",
"question": "In what season did Everton win their fourth League title?"
},
{
"answer": "1933",
"question": "In what year did Everton win their second FA Cup?"
},
{
"answer": "3–0",
"question": "What was the score in the final game that Everton won its second FA... |
6,371 | The Everton board finally ran out of patience with Smith and he was sacked in March 2002 after an FA Cup exit at Middlesbrough, with Everton in real danger of relegation. David Moyes, was his replacement and guided Everton to a safe finish in fifteenth place. In 2002–03 Everton finished seventh, their highest finish si... | [
{
"answer": "2002",
"question": "When did the Everton club board fire Smith?"
},
{
"answer": "David Moyes",
"question": "Who replaced Smith as manager of the Everton FC in 2002?"
},
{
"answer": "seventh",
"question": "In what place did the Everton FC place in the 2004-05 season?"
}... |
6,372 | In May 2013, the club launched a new crest to improve the reproducibility of the design in print and broadcast media, particularly on a small scale. Critics[who?] suggested that it was external pressure from sports manufacturers Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours has been reduced and the radia... | [
{
"answer": "2013",
"question": "When did Everton FC launch their new crest?"
},
{
"answer": "Nike",
"question": "What company did critics suggest pressured Everton FC to change their crest?"
},
{
"answer": "poorly",
"question": "How was the Everton FC's crest redesign received by fa... |
6,373 | Everton originally played in the southeast corner of Stanley Park, which was the site for the new Liverpool F.C. stadium, with the first official match taking place in 1879. In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home before they moved to Anfield, which was Everton's home unt... | [
{
"answer": "Stanley",
"question": "In which park did Everton FC originally play?"
},
{
"answer": "Stanley Park",
"question": "Where was the new Liverpool FC stadium located in 1879?"
},
{
"answer": "J. Cruitt",
"question": "Who donated land to Everton FC in 1882?"
},
{
"answ... |
6,374 | There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 millio... | [
{
"answer": "55,000",
"question": "How many seats did the proposal for the new Everton stadium feature in 2000?"
},
{
"answer": "£30 million",
"question": "How much money did Everton FC need to generate for a half-stake in the new stadium project in 2000?"
},
{
"answer": "2003",
"que... |
6,375 | Everton have a large fanbase, with the eighth highest average attendance in the Premier League in the 2008–09 season. The majority of Everton's matchday support comes from the North West of England, primarily Merseyside, Cheshire, West Lancashire and parts of Western Greater Manchester along with many fans who travel f... | [
{
"answer": "eighth",
"question": "What place did Everton FC rank in highest average attendance in the Premier League in the 2008-09 season?"
},
{
"answer": "North West of England",
"question": "Where does the majority of Everton's matchday support hail from?"
},
{
"answer": "FOREVERTON"... |
6,376 | Current manager, Roberto Martínez, is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939. There have also been four caretaker managers, and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee. The club's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick, who was i... | [
{
"answer": "Roberto Martínez",
"question": "Who is the current manager of the Everton Football Club?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many caretaker managers have their been in the Everton FC's history?"
},
{
"answer": "Harry Catterick",
"question": "Who was the Everton FC t... |
6,377 | Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League title and in 1966 the FA Cup followed with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday. Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time were unable to overcome West Bromwi... | [
{
"answer": "1961",
"question": "In what year did Everton's second successful era begin?"
},
{
"answer": "Harry Catterick",
"question": "Who was the manager when Everton's second successful era began in 1961?"
},
{
"answer": "1966",
"question": "In what year did Everton win the FA cu... |
6,378 | On 16 June 2006, it was announced that Everton had entered into talks with Knowsley Council and Tesco over the possibility of building a new 55,000 seat stadium, expandable to over 60,000, in Kirkby. The club took the unusual move of giving its supporters a say in the club's future by holding a ballot on the proposal, ... | [
{
"answer": "Liverpool",
"question": "Where did a group of fans demand that Everton remain within the city boundaries of?"
},
{
"answer": "2006",
"question": "In what year was it revealed that Everton had entered talks to build a new 55,000 seat stadium in Kirkby?"
},
{
"answer": "Knowsl... |
6,379 | Everton regularly take large numbers away from home both domestically and in European fixtures. The club implements a loyalty points scheme offering the first opportunity to purchase away tickets to season ticket holders who have attended the most away matches. Everton often sell out the full allocation in away grounds... | [
{
"answer": "7,000",
"question": "How many travelling fans did Everton bring with them to Benefica in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "loyalty points",
"question": "How does the Everton FC promote fans to purchase away tickets?"
},
{
"answer": "2009",
"question": "In what year did Everton take... |
6,380 | Everton F.C. is a limited company with the board of directors holding a majority of the shares. The club's most recent accounts, from May 2014, show a net total debt of £28.1 million, with a turnover of £120.5 million and a profit of £28.2 million. The club's overdraft with Barclays Bank is secured against the Premier ... | [
{
"answer": "the board of directors",
"question": "Who holds a majority of the shares in the Everton FC?"
},
{
"answer": "Basic Award Fund",
"question": "What is the Everton FC's overdraft with Barclays Bank secured against?"
},
{
"answer": "competing in the Premier League",
"questio... |
6,381 | Everton's biggest rivalry is with neighbours Liverpool, against whom they contest the Merseyside derby. The Merseyside derby is usually a sellout fixture, and has been known as the "friendly derby" because both sets of fans can often be seen side by side red and blue inside the stadium both at Anfield and Goodison Park... | [
{
"answer": "Liverpool",
"question": "Who is the Everton Football Club's biggest rivals?"
},
{
"answer": "Merseyside",
"question": "What derby does Everton FC contest against Liverpool?"
},
{
"answer": "1892",
"question": "In what year was the Liverpool Football Club established?"
... |
6,382 | Neville Southall holds the record for the most Everton appearances, having played 751 first-team matches between 1981 and 1997, and previously held the record for the most league clean sheets during a season (15). During the 2008–09 season, this record was beaten by American goalkeeper Tim Howard (17). The late centre ... | [
{
"answer": "Neville Southall",
"question": "What player holds the Everton Football Club record for most appearances?"
},
{
"answer": "Tim Howard",
"question": "Who currently holds the record for the most league clean sheets during a season?"
},
{
"answer": "Brian Labone",
"question"... |
6,383 | The record attendance for an Everton home match is 78,299 against Liverpool on 18 September 1948. Amazingly, there was only 1 injury at this game-Tom Fleetwood was hit on the head by a coin thrown from the crowd whilst he marched around the perimeter with St Edward's Orphanage Band, playing the cornet. Goodison Park, l... | [
{
"answer": "78,299",
"question": "How many fans were in attendance during Everton's match against Liverpool on September 18, 1948?"
},
{
"answer": "1",
"question": "How many fans were injured in Everton's 1948 match against Liverpool that drew the largest crowd they've had?"
},
{
"answe... |
6,384 | The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of... | [
{
"answer": "Tigers",
"question": "What was the name of Everton's professional basketball team?"
},
{
"answer": "British Basketball League",
"question": "In which league do the Everton Tigers compete?"
},
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": "When was the Everton Tigers team launched?"
... |
6,385 | Everton also have links with Chilean team Everton de Viña del Mar who were named after the English club. On 4 August 2010, the two Evertons played each other in a friendly named the Copa Hermandad at Goodison Park to mark the centenary of the Chilean team, an occasion organised by The Ruleteros Society, a society found... | [
{
"answer": "Everton de Viña del Mar",
"question": "What is the name of the Chilean team that has ties to the Everton FC?"
},
{
"answer": "2010",
"question": "When did the two Everton Football Clubs (English and Chilean) face off against one another?"
},
{
"answer": "The Ruleteros Societ... |
6,386 | The club have entered the UK pop charts on four occasions under different titles during the 1980s and 1990s when many clubs released a song to mark their reaching the FA Cup Final. "The Boys in Blue", released in 1984, peaked at number 82. The following year the club scored their biggest hit when "Here We Go" peaked at... | [
{
"answer": "1984",
"question": "What year did the Everton FC release their UK pop song \"The Boys in Blue\"?"
},
{
"answer": "14",
"question": "What position did the song \"Here We Go\" by the Everton FC peak at on the UK pop charts in 1985?"
},
{
"answer": "Everybody's Cheering The Blu... |
6,387 | The cup triumph was also Everton's passport to the Cup Winners' Cup—their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era. Progress under Joe Royle continued in 1995–96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership. A fifteenth-place finish the following season saw Royle resign towards the end of the campaign, to be... | [
{
"answer": "Dave Watson",
"question": "Who temporarily replaced Joe Royle as club captain after he resigned?"
},
{
"answer": "1997",
"question": "In what year was Howard Kendall appointed manager of the Everton FC for the third time?"
},
{
"answer": "Walter Smith",
"question": "Who ... |
6,388 | Everton have had many other nicknames over the years. When the black kit was worn Everton were nicknamed "The Black Watch", after the famous army regiment. Since going blue in 1901, Everton have been given the simple nickname "The Blues". Everton's attractive style of play led to Steve Bloomer calling the team "scienti... | [
{
"answer": "1901",
"question": "What year did the Everton Football Club \"go blue\"?"
},
{
"answer": "scientific",
"question": "How did Steve Bloomer describe Everton's style of play in 1928?"
},
{
"answer": "The People's Club",
"question": "What is Everton Football Club's semi-offi... |
6,389 | Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid 5th century, and the first Old English literary works ... | [
{
"answer": "Old English",
"question": "What is the name of the English language's earliest form?"
},
{
"answer": "southern and eastern",
"question": "In what parts of Scotland was Old English spoken?"
},
{
"answer": "the early Middle Ages",
"question": "in what historical period was... |
6,390 | The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay s... | [
{
"answer": "Kentish",
"question": "Along with West Saxon, Northumbrian and Mercian, what was one of the four main dialects of Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "Anglian",
"question": "What is a term that collectively refers to Northumbrian and Mercian?"
},
{
"answer": "Humber",
"question... |
6,391 | Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already... | [
{
"answer": "Latin",
"question": "From what language did Old English borrow some words?"
},
{
"answer": "Irish Christian missionaries",
"question": "What individuals introduced the Latin alphabet to the speakers of Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "Old French",
"question": "After the Nor... |
6,392 | Old English nouns had grammatical gender, a feature absent in modern English, which uses only natural gender. For example, the words sunne ("sun"), mōna ("moon") and wīf ("woman/wife") were respectively feminine, masculine and neuter; this is reflected, among other things, in the form of the definite article used with ... | [
{
"answer": "grammatical",
"question": "What type of gender did Old English nouns possess?"
},
{
"answer": "natural",
"question": "What type of gender is present in modern English nouns?"
},
{
"answer": "sunne",
"question": "What was a feminine word in Old English?"
},
{
"ans... |
6,393 | The Latin alphabet of the time still lacked the letters ⟨j⟩ and ⟨w⟩, and there was no ⟨v⟩ as distinct from ⟨u⟩; moreover native Old English spellings did not use ⟨k⟩, ⟨q⟩ or ⟨z⟩. The remaining 20 Latin letters were supplemented by four more: ⟨æ⟩ (æsc, modern ash) and ⟨ð⟩ (ðæt, now called eth or edh), which were modifie... | [
{
"answer": "u",
"question": "When the Latin alphabet was introduced to Old English, what letter was the same as v?"
},
{
"answer": "q",
"question": "Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "thorn",
"question": "What is the term for the lett... |
6,394 | The first example is taken from the opening lines of the folk-epic Beowulf, a poem of some 3,000 lines and the single greatest work of Old English. This passage describes how Hrothgar's legendary ancestor Scyld was found as a baby, washed ashore, and adopted by a noble family. The translation is literal and represents ... | [
{
"answer": "Beowulf",
"question": "What is regarded as the greatest literary work in Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "3,000",
"question": "About how many lines was Beowulf?"
},
{
"answer": "Scyld",
"question": "Who was Hrothgar a descendant of?"
},
{
"answer": "a noble family",... |
6,395 | Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Old English grammar is quite similar to that of modern German: no... | [
{
"answer": "West Germanic",
"question": "To what language group does Old English belong?"
},
{
"answer": "Old Frisian",
"question": "Along with Old Saxon, what language is closely related to Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "German",
"question": "To what modern language is Old English s... |
6,396 | A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is c... | [
{
"answer": "Ælfric of Eynsham",
"question": "Who was known by the nickname \"the Grammarian\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester",
"question": "What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard?"
},
{
"answer": "10th",
"question": "In what ce... |
6,397 | Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150,... | [
{
"answer": "700",
"question": "For about how many years was Old English used?"
},
{
"answer": "5th",
"question": "In what century was Old English first used?"
},
{
"answer": "11th",
"question": "In what century did Old English cease to be used?"
},
{
"answer": "450 to 1150",... |
6,398 | Due to the centralisation of power and the Viking invasions, there is relatively little written record of the non-Wessex dialects after Alfred's unification. Some Mercian texts continued to be written, however, and the influence of Mercian is apparent in some of the translations produced under Alfred's programme, many ... | [
{
"answer": "Mercian",
"question": "From what Old English dialect is the standard for of Modern English descended?"
},
{
"answer": "Northumbrian",
"question": "From what Old English dialect did Scots derive?"
},
{
"answer": "the Viking invasions",
"question": "Along with centralizati... |
6,400 | Unlike Modern English, Old English is a language rich in morphological diversity. It maintains several distinct cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and (vestigially) instrumental. The only remnants of this system in Modern English are in the forms of a few pronouns (such as I/me/mine, she/her, who/whom/... | [
{
"answer": "morphological diversity",
"question": "What trait does Old English possess that Modern English lacks?"
},
{
"answer": "accusative",
"question": "Along with the nominative, genitive, dative and instrumental, what case did Old English possess?"
},
{
"answer": "-es",
"quest... |
6,401 | The influence of Old Norse certainly helped move English from a synthetic language along the continuum to a more analytic word order, and Old Norse most likely made a greater impact on the English language than any other language. The eagerness of Vikings in the Danelaw to communicate with their southern Anglo-Saxon ne... | [
{
"answer": "Old Norse",
"question": "What language had the greatest influence on English?"
},
{
"answer": "the Danelaw",
"question": "What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?"
},
{
"answer": "Simeon Potter",
"question": "Who argued that the influence of Old Nor... |
6,402 | The form of the verb varies with person (first, second and third), number (singular and plural), tense (present and past), and mood (indicative, subjunctive and imperative). Old English also sometimes uses compound constructions to express other verbal aspects, the future and the passive voice; in these we see the begi... | [
{
"answer": "past",
"question": "Along with the present, what was a verb tense in Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "indicative, subjunctive and imperative",
"question": "What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "third",
"question": "Along with ... |
6,403 | Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is n... | [
{
"answer": "West Germanic",
"question": "What language family does Old English belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "North Sea Germanic",
"question": "What is another name for Ingvaeonic?"
},
{
"answer": "5th",
"question": "In what century did Old English first develop?"
},
{
"answer"... |
6,404 | Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as se... | [
{
"answer": "the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle",
"question": "What is an important Old English historical record?"
},
{
"answer": "Cædmon's Hymn",
"question": "What is an important Old English religious poem?"
},
{
"answer": "an epic poem",
"question": "What type of literary work is Beowulf?... |
6,405 | Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat... | [
{
"answer": "North Sea Germanic",
"question": "What is another name for Anglo-Frisian?"
},
{
"answer": "Celtic",
"question": "What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "Roman invasion",
"question": "How was the Latin language brought to Britain?"
},
{
... |
6,406 | With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into t... | [
{
"answer": "Pastoral Care",
"question": "What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?"
},
{
"answer": "West Saxon",
"question": "What dialect did Alfred's government use?"
},
{
"answer": "9th",
"question": "In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
6,407 | Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ... | [
{
"answer": "Mercia",
"question": "Along with Northumbria, what kingdom was invaded by the Vikings?"
},
{
"answer": "Kent",
"question": "Along with the part of Mercia not conquered by the Vikings, what other kingdom was combined with Wessex by Alfred?"
},
{
"answer": "Early West Saxon",
... |
6,408 | Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin... | [
{
"answer": "11th",
"question": "During what century did Cnut rule?"
},
{
"answer": "Danish",
"question": "What was Cnut's nationality?"
},
{
"answer": "9th",
"question": "During what century did Scandinavians begin to settle in England?"
},
{
"answer": "Old Norse",
"ques... |
6,409 | Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long v... | [
{
"answer": "palatal",
"question": "What form of c, when written, contains a dot over the letter?"
},
{
"answer": "w",
"question": "What conventional letter from the Latin alphabet typically replaces the wynn from Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "g",
"question": "What letter from the La... |
6,410 | Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa... | [
{
"answer": "Neo-Paganism",
"question": "What modern religion sometimes uses Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "Historical re-enactment",
"question": "What hobby champions the use of Old English?"
},
{
"answer": "Alistair Campbell",
"question": "Along with Tolkien, what modern scholar not... |
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