title stringlengths 3 83 | links list | pid stringlengths 3 6 | text stringlengths 549 8.52k | questions list |
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Ward Thomas (television executive) | [
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"target": "South Africa"
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"target": "No. 100 Squadron RAF"
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"targe... | p_1100 | Ward Thomas joined RAF Bomber Command in 1941 and trained as a navigator and pilot in South Africa. He joined 100 Squadron as a Lancaster pilot and was later moved to 550 Squadron stationed in Grimsby. He flew 36 trips over France and Germany over the course of the war, including taking part in the Nuremberg raid of March 1944 during which Bomber Command suffered its heaviest loses. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre for his involvement in bombing raids on the German Panzer training camp at Mailly-le-Camp in advance of the Normandy landings in June 1944. He also received the DFC "for utmost fortitude, courage and devotion to duty in air operations" during the War. By the time he left the RAF Ward Thomas had achieved the rank of flight lieutenant.
| [
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"text": "Ward Thomas joined RAF Bomber Command in 1941"
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... |
Amanita abrupta | [
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"target": "Deciduous"
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"target": "Texas"
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"target": "Big Thicket"
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"target": "Quebec"
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... | p_1101 | The fruit bodies of A. abrupta grow on the ground, typically solitary, in mixed conifer and deciduous forests, usually during autumn. The frequency with which fruit bodies appear depends on several factors, such as season, location, temperature, and rainfall. The mushroom has been described as common in the Southeastern United States; in Texas, it has been called both infrequent, and common in the Big Thicket National Preserve. Like most other Amanita species, A. abrupta is thought to form mycorrhizal relationships with trees. This is a mutually beneficial relationship where the hyphae of the fungus grow around the roots of trees, enabling the fungus to receive moisture, protection and nutritive byproducts of the tree, and affording the tree greater access to soil nutrients. Amanita abrupta is widely distributed throughout eastern North America, where it has been found as far north as Quebec, Canada, and as far south as Mexico. Orson K. Miller claims to have found it in the Dominican Republic where it appeared to be growing in a mycorrizhal association with pine trees. Kuo also mentions a mycorrhizal relationship with both hardwoods and conifers, while Tulloss lists additional preferred tree hosts such as beech, birch, fir, tsuga, oak, and poplar. However, A. abrupta has been shown experimentally to not form mycorrhizae with Virginia Pine.
| [
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"text": "Santo Domingo"
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"i... |
Pozdrav iz zemlje Safari | [
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"target": "Dramaturgy"
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"target": "University of Arts in Belgrade"
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"target": "Screenplay"
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"targe... | p_1102 | In 2006, , a first-year dramaturgy student at the University of Arts' Faculty of Dramatic Arts (FDU), wrote a script based on the "Balada o Pišonji i Žugi" track as part of an assignment in school. Though it mostly relies on "Balada o Pišonji i Žugi", the script also references other Zabranjeno pušenje songs such as "Pamtim to kao da je bilo danas", "Lutka sa naslovne strane", "Hadžija il bos", "Murga drot", "Guzonjin sin", and "Pišonja i Žuga u paklu droge". Đurđević placed the plot in summer 1990 on the eve of the Yugoslavia vs. West Germany match at the 1990 FIFA World Cup with two lifelong friends from Sarajevo of differing ethno-religious backgrounds and football club loyalties (Pišonja, a Muslim who's a fan of FK Sarajevo, and Žuga, a Serb pulling for FK Željezničar) trying to get to Dubrovnik.
| [
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"text": "275,524"
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"context": [
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... |
1921 in Greece | [
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"target": "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk"
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"target": "İzmir"
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238,
244
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"target": "Bursa"
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"indices": [
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"target": "Nice"
},... | p_1103 | The intention declared in the royal speech at the opening of the Chamber of resuming the war against Kemal was supported by an official report issued on January 10 of a renewal of the Greek offensive to the northeast of Smyrna and in the Brussa area, and the same day the Greeks occupied Belejik. On the following day the Greek Liberal organ Patris published a letter from Nice, where Venizelos was residing at the time, confirming the Greek statesman's final decision to retire from politics. This decision was naturally not displeasing to the supporters of King Constantine, who a little later found another cause for jubilation when the king of Italy received the newly appointed Greek minister to Rome (January 13). Thus Italy was the first among foreign Allied and neutral powers to recognize King Constantine. But the enthusiasm was soon damped by the joint representations made on the 20th to the Greek government by the British and French ministers in Athens on the transformation of the Chamber into a National Assembly. This action by the two Allied governments was declared to be based on the rights of the powers in question as guarantors of the constitution of Greece, rights which they considered as still existent, since the Treaty of Sèvres, in which they were surrendered, had not yet been ratified by all the signatories. Early in February the Allied Supreme Council invited the Greek and Turkish governments to attend a conference to be held in the latter part of the month in London with the object of bringing about peace between the two countries. The invitation was coldly received in Athens, and was the cause of a split in the Dimitrios Rallis cabinet on the score of wounded personal vanities. Dimitrios Gounaris, minister of war, the real leader of the Constantino faction, who, in deference to Allied public opinion, which had stigmatized him as a pro-German, had after the defeat of the Venizelists been compelled to renounce his claims to the premiership in favor of the less compromised Rallis, after being also refused the presidency of the Greek delegation to the London conference, resigned, bringing about a ministerial crisis.
| [
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"text": "the Central Powers signed with the Allied Powers"
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"co... |
Mathieu de Montmorency | [
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"target": "Estates General (France)"
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"target": "National Assembly (French Revolution)"
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214... | p_1104 | He was the deputy of Montfort-l'Amaury from 28 march 1789 til 30 september 1791. He joined the Estates General (France) as its youngest member. He moved to the left side of the National Assembly, shifting from the Second Estate, the nobility. On 17 August he was appointed as the secretary of the assembly. Montmorency fought the aristocracy under the tutelage of the abbé Sieyès. He moved the abolition of armorial bearings on 19 June 1790. Before 20 April 1792 he and Count de Narbonne, the Minister of War, went to inspect the troops. Around the Storming of the Tuileries in August Montmorency fled to Coppet to live with Mme de Staël and Arnail François, marquis de Jaucourt. In January 1793 he accompanied her to Boulogne-sur-mer, when she sought refuge in England. On 17 June 1794 his brother an abott was guillotined. Montmorency started to study the church father Augustine. In May 1795 he lived in Yverdon. He returned to Paris to see his relatives. He was arrested as an émigré on the 26th of December, but released after a few days. Montmorency lived on an estate in Ormesson-sur-Marne. De Staël and Constant joined him there and Montmorency visited them 1797 in Luzarches.
| [
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"context": [
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"passage": "main",
"text": "He joined the Estates General (France) as its youngest mem... |
Bill Hastings (censor) | [
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"target": "Scarborough, Toronto"
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"target": "Ontario"
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"target": "Midland Avenue Collegiate Institute"
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"indices": [
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],... | p_1105 | Born in Scarborough, Ontario, Canada in 1957, he attended Lord Roberts Public School, graduated from Midland Avenue Collegiate Institute, holds a BA from the University of Trinity College, University of Toronto, law degrees from Osgoode Hall Law School and the London School of Economics, and was a practising barrister. He moved to New Zealand in 1985. Before becoming Chief Censor, he was Deputy and Acting Chief Censor from December 1998 to October 1999, Senior Lecturer in Law (teaching Legal System and International Law), Deputy Dean of Law, and a member of the governing Council, at Victoria University of Wellington. He was also briefly the Video Recordings Authority in 1994, a member of the Indecent Publications Tribunal from 1990 to 1994 and Deputy President of the Film and Literature Board of Review from 1995 to 1998. In 2010 he stood down as Chief Censor when he became a District Court Judge and Chair of the Immigration and Protection Tribunal. He was succeeded by Andrew Jack.
| [
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"text": "625,698"
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Jo Kanazawa | [
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"target": "Iruma, Saitama"
},
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"target": "Kokushikan University"
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"target": "J1 League"
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"target": "Jú... | p_1106 | Kanazawa was born in Iruma on July 9, 1976. After graduating from Kokushikan University, he joined J1 League club Júbilo Iwata in 1999. Although he could not become a regular player, he played many matches as left side midfielder from first season. The club won the champions 1999 and 2002 J1 League. In Asia, the club won the champions 1998–99 Asian Club Championship and the 2nd place 1999–00 and 2000–01 Asian Club Championship. In 2003, he moved to FC Tokyo. He became a regular player as left side back from first season. The club won the champions 2004 J.League Cup. Although he could hardly play in the match for injury in 2006, he came back and became a regular player again in 2007. From 2008, he lost regular position behind newcomer Yuto Nagatomo and he also played as defensive midfielder not only left side back. In August 2009, he moved to Júbilo Iwata for the first time in 7 years. He played as regular left side back in 2009 season. Although he could not play many matches from 2010, the club won the champions 2010 J.League Cup. His opportunity to play decreased from 2011 and he moved to J2 League club Thespakusatsu Gunma in 2014. He retired end of 2014 season at the age of 38.
| [
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"passage": "iruma, saitama",
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"text": "Japan "
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... |
Deep learning | [
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"target": "Media studies"
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184
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"target": "Clickworkers"
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"target": "Amazon Mechanical Turk"
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"targ... | p_1107 | Most Deep Learning systems rely on training and verification data that is generated and/or annotated by humans. It has been argued in media philosophy that not only low-payed clickwork (e.g. on Amazon Mechanical Turk) is regularly deployed for this purpose, but also implicit forms of human microwork that are often not recognized as such. The philosopher Rainer Mühlhoff distinguishes five types of "machinic capture" of human microwork to generate training data: (1) gamification (the embedding of annotation or computation tasks in the flow of a game), (2) "trapping and tracking" (e.g. CAPTCHAs for image recognition or click-tracking on Google search results pages), (3) exploitation of social motivations (e.g. tagging faces on Facebook to obtain labeled facial images), (4) information mining (e.g. by leveraging quantified-self devices such as activity trackers) and (5) clickwork. Mühlhoff argues that in most commercial end-user applications of Deep Learning such as Facebook's face recognition system, the need for training data does not stop once an ANN is trained. Rather, there is a continued demand for human-generated verification data to constantly calibrate and update the ANN. For this purpose Facebook introduced the feature that once a user is automatically recognized in an image, they receive a notification. They can choose whether of not they like to be publicly labeled on the image, or tell Facebook that it is not them in the picture. This user interface is a mechanism to generate "a constant stream of verification data" to further train the network in real-time. As Mühlhoff argues, involvement of human users to generate training and verification data is so typical for most commercial end-user applications of Deep Learning that such systems may be referred to as "human-aided artificial intelligence".
| [
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... |
Peter Derow | [
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"target": "Rhode Island"
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"target": "Roxbury Latin School"
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"targe... | p_1108 | Born in Newport, Rhode Island, Derow obtained his secondary education at The Roxbury Latin School in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. After an A.B. degree at Amherst (with Peter K. Marshall), he read for Greats as a second B.A. degree at Oxford in 1965–1967, achieving a First. At Oxford he was taught by, among others, W. G. (George) Forrest, who was a lasting influence. He completed a Ph.D. at Princeton on 'Rome and the Greek world from the earliest contacts to the end of the first Illyrian war', for which Professor J. V. A. Fine was his Advisor; in the preface to that work, he acknowledges the additional inspiration he had drawn from T. J. Luce and the historian and epigrapher C. Bradford Welles. After a spell of teaching at the University of Toronto, he returned to succeed Forrest at Wadham in 1977 when the latter was elected to the Wykeham Professorship of Ancient History at New College. In 2002–2005 Derow was also Director of Graduate Studies in ancient history for the Oxford Faculty of Classics.
| [
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"indices"... |
HMS Edinburgh (1811) | [
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"target": "Syria"
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"target": "Lebanon"
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"target": "Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)"
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"target": ... | p_1109 | Between 1837 and 1841 she served in the Mediterranean, including operations off the coast of Syria and Lebanon in the Syrian War. In 1846 she was taken in hand at Portsmouth Dockyard and converted to steam-powered screw propulsion as a 'blockship'. The conversion was completed on 19 August 1852. In this transformation her displacement was increased to 2,598 tons and her complement of guns reduced to 60 (or 56: reports differ). She acted as guard ship for Devonport until February 1854, when she was assigned to the fleet sent to the Baltic under Sir Charles Napier. She was the flagship of Rear-Admiral Henry Ducie Chads, third in command of the fleet, and took part in the bombardment and capture of the Russian fortress of Bomarsund in the Åland Islands. She returned to the Baltic in 1855. Subsequently she was a guard ship at Sheerness and at Leith, and was sold out of the Navy for breaking up in 1866.
| [
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"text": "In 1846 she was taken in hand at Portsmouth Dockyard... |
Atlantic Records | [
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"target": "Yes (band)"
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"target": "Progressive rock"
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"target": "Steve Howe"
},
{
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"target": "Rick Wa... | p_1110 | Hot on the heels of the huge success of CSNY and Led Zeppelin, British band Yes rapidly established themselves as one of the leading groups in the burgeoning progressive rock genre, and their success also played a significant part in establishing the primacy of the long-playing album as the major sales format for rock music in the 1970s. After several lineup changes during 1969–70, the band settled into its "classic" incarnation, with guitarist Steve Howe and keyboard player Rick Wakeman, who both joined during 1971. Although the extended length of much of their material made it somewhat difficult to promote the band with single releases, their live prowess gained them an avid following and their albums were hugely successful – their third LP The Yes Album (1971), which featured the debut of new guitarist Steve Howe, became their first big hit, reaching #4 in the UK and just scraping onto the chart in the US at #40. From this point, and notwithstanding the impact of the punk/new wave movement in the late 1970s, the band enjoyed an extraordinary run of success—beginning with their fourth album Fragile, each of the eleven albums they released between 1971 and 1991 (including the lavishly packaged live triple-album Yessongs) made the Top 20 in the US and the UK, and the double-LP Tales of Topographic Oceans (1973) and Going For The One (1977) both reached #1 in the UK.
| [
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"text": "Peter Banks"
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... |
Edmund Rupert Drummond | [
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"target": "Lieutenant"
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"target": "World War I"
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"ta... | p_1111 | Born the son of James Drummond, 10th Viscount Strathallan, and educated at the Royal Naval College Dartmouth, Drummond was promoted to lieutenant in 1906. He served in World War I as second in command of the cruiser HMS Caroline from 1914 and then as an officer in the cruiser HMS Cardiff from 1917. He was appointed Commanding Officer of the cruiser HMS Capetown in 1927, Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in 1930 and Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief American and West Indies Station before becoming Commander-in-Chief of the New Zealand Division in 1935. He served in World War II as Captain of the Dockyard at Portland from August 1939 and as Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth from 1942 until September 1945 when he retired.
| [
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"text": "He served in World War I as second in command of the crui... |
Jake Ellwood | [
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"target": "Platoon"
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],... | p_1112 | Ellwood graduated from Duntroon in 1990 and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. His early career included postings as a platoon commander in the 2nd/4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and as an instructor in field training and tactics at Duntroon, before he was seconded to the British Army from 1998 for a two-year exchange with the Irish Guards, then stationed in Germany. During the secondment he deployed as part of the NATO intervention in the Kosovo War in 1999, serving as second-in-command of an armoured infantry company in the King's Royal Hussars Battle Group. For his service in Kosovo, Ellwood was awarded a Commander British Forces Commendation. He returned to Australia as a company commander and operations officer in the 5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5/7RAR). Ellwood commanded B Company on operations in East Timor from October 1999 to April 2000, when 5/7RAR deployed with the International Force East Timor.
| [
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"text": "February "
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... |
List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1200–1299) | [
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"target": "Texas State Highway 183"
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"target": "Fort Worth, Texas"
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235
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"target": "Sansom Park, Texas"
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... | p_1113 | FM 1220 begins at an intersection with SH 183 in the Far Greater Northside area of Fort Worth. The highway travels in a northwestern direction along Azle Avenue through a residential area and runs along the northern edge of Sansom Park before entering Lake Worth. In Lake Worth, FM 1220 has a junction with I-820 and turns north onto Boat Club Road near Lake Worth High School. The highway travels in a northern direction near several subdivisions, running between Lake Worth and Marine Creek Reservoir, before re-entering Fort Worth near Saginaw. FM 1220 continues to run near several subdivisions in far northwest Fort Worth and turns west north of an intersection with Park Drive, then enters the town of Eagle Mountain. The highway runs through the town and runs close to Eagle Mountain Lake. West of Eagle Mountain, the Boat Club Road designation leaves the highway, with FM 1220's local designation becoming Morris Dido Newark Road. The highway runs in a northwestern direction near the eastern shore of Eagle Mountain Lake with state maintenance ending at Peden Road at the southern boundary of Pecan Acres; Morris Dido Newark Road continues past Peden Road for another to FM 718 near Newark.
| [
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"passage": "main",
"text": "FM 1220 begins at an intersection with SH 183 in t... |
Terry Kavanagh | [
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"target": "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (comic book)"
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"target": "Alan Davis"
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20... | p_1114 | Kavanagh was a Marvel Comics editor from 1985 to 1997. Titles he edited during that time included Marvel Comics Presents and Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. Writer/artist Alan Davis, who Kavanagh edited on Excalibur, said "Terry Kavanagh spoiled me, gave me near total freedom, and encouraged me to experiment." In 1987, he began to write for Marvel with his first published story "Cry Vengeance!" appearing in Kickers, Inc. #4 (Feb. 1987). He later wrote such titles as Marc Spector: Moon Knight, Avengers: Timeslide, X-Man and X-Universe. In Web of Spider-Man #100 (May 1993), Kavanagh and artist Alex Saviuk gave the lead character "Spider-Armor". He wrote the Spider-Man/Punisher/Sabretooth: Designer Genes one-shot the following month. Kavanagh was one of the writers on the "Maximum Carnage" storyline which ran through the various Spider-Man titles in 1993. The first Black Cat limited series was co-written by Kavanagh and Joey Cavalieri in 1994. Kavanagh pitched a storyline involving the return of Spider-Man's clone, which then formed the basis of the "Clone Saga" which began in Web of Spider-Man #117 (Oct. 1994). Kavanagh's last new comics project was the Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms limited series in 2000–2001.
| [
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"end": 4023,
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"text": "DC Comics.- Action Comics #575 (1986)\n- Adventures of Superboy #19, 22 (1991–1992)\n- Atari Force #13 (1985)\n- Blue Beetle #12 (1987)\n- Bugs Bunny #1–3 (19... |
Ludger Gerdes | [
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"target": "List of art schools"
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"target": "Münster"
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"target": "Lothar Baum... | p_1115 | After his school-leaving examination (Abitur) at the secondary school Antonianum in Vechta Ludger Gerdes studied at the Academy of Arts in Münster with Timm Ulrichs and Lothar Baumgarten from 1975 to 1977, and from 1977 to 1982 at the Düsseldorf Academy of Arts with Gerhard Richter. At the beginning of the 1980s Gerdes stood out in exhibitions and actions with his criticism of the link between modern art, the museum and the temporary exhibition. At this time he exhibited among others along with Thomas Schütte. He pleaded for works of art as a means for the organization of public space and as a medium of communication. The English landscape garden was a particularly important historical model of this to him. At this time he was regarded as the intellectual head of the artist-group of Düsseldorf pattern makers (Düsseldorfer Modellbauer). In 1982 he was included in the documenta 7 in Kassel. He became known to a larger public in 1987 with his land art project A Ship for Münster (Ein Schiff für Münster) for the show "Skulptur.Projekte" in Münster. From 1990 to 1992 he taught at the Städelschule, Frankfurt; from 1998 to 2004 he was professor for painting and multimedia at the art academy in Karlsruhe; since 2005 he was professor for painting at the Muthesius Art Academy in Kiel. Parallel to his professorship he lived and worked as an artist in Munich and Düsseldorf.
| [
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"text": "In 1982 he was included in the documenta 7 in Kassel."
... |
David Hibbert | [
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"target": "Eccleshall"
},
{
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"target": "Staffordshire"
},
{
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75
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"target": "EFL League One"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
85
],
"target": "Port Vale F.C... | p_1116 | Born in Eccleshall, Staffordshire, Hibbert started his career at League One Port Vale, rising through the ranks from the age nine years old. He made three starts and seven substitute appearances in first season with Vale; and his promising maiden season was restricted only by a head injury sustained at Milton Keynes Dons. His two goals for the club both came in his second starting appearance in a 3–1 win over Luton Town on 26 February 2005. In June 2005 Championship side Preston North End signed him to a contract. As Hibbert was under the age of 23, the fee was decided by a tribunal according to UEFA regulations. Preston were ordered to pay Port Vale £35,000 up front with add ons of £10,000 for each 10 of his first 50 appearances for Preston (Vale would only receive the first of these due to him only making 13 appearances in total for Preston); a £280,000 bonus if Preston achieved promotion to the Premiership; plus a 25% sell-on clause if Hibbert was sold on. Vale chairman Bill Bratt was highly disappointed with the news and stated: "I believe he has potential, and he is worth a lot more than we have ended up with." Meanwhile, Preston manager Billy Davies stated that: "We are very fortunate to get this young lad because there were several clubs interested. We think his finishing is very good and – like David Nugent – he is very quick, but to be honest I think he is quite a way from first-team action."
| [
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"text": "His two goals for the club both came in his second starti... |
Devil Pray | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Che tempo che fa"
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"target": "Robe"
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308
],
"target": "Rosary"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Yahoo!"
},
{... | p_1117 | On March 1, 2015, Madonna performed the song for the first time on Italian TV show, Che tempo che fa, along with "Ghosttown", the album's second single. An episode featuring her appearance was aired on March 8. For the performance of "Devil Pray", Madonna wore "an extravagant black robe and various rosaries." A writer for Yahoo! noticed that both performances were warmly received by the audience, while Lionel Nicaise appreciated that Madonna put more emphasis on the melodies and her vocals during the performance, rather than costumes and stage props. Bianca Grace of Idolator noted that the performance "will have you repenting your weekend sins, as the singer emotionally sings the tune." "Devil Pray" was performed on Madonna's 2015–16 Rebel Heart Tour. Following the Last Supper-themed mashup performance of "Holy Water" and "Vogue", Madonna climbed down to the center stage to perform "Devil Pray"; during the performance she straddled one of her male dancers, who was dressed as a priest, and engaged in a dance-off with other dancers. Jordan Zivitz from the Montreal Gazette said that she found the performance to be "challenging". Previous to this the song was also used for promotional videos related to the tour's rehearsals and dancer interviews. The performance of "Devil Pray" at the March 19–20, 2016 shows in Sydney's Allphones Arena was recorded and released in Madonna's fifth live album, Rebel Heart Tour.
| [
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"text": "On March 1, 2015, Madonna performed the song for the first ... |
MS Al Andalus Express | [
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"target": "Getlink"
},
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"indices": [
107,
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"target": "FRS Iberia/Maroc"
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{
"indices": [
150,
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],
"target": "Ateliers et Chantiers de France"
},
{
"indices": [
263,
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],
... | p_1118 | MS Al Andalus Express (formerly Nord Pas-de-Calais) is a freight ferry owned by Eurotunnel and operated by FRS Iberia/Maroc. She was built in 1987 by Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee, Dunkirk (Yard No 325) for Societe Nationale des Chemin de Fer Francais (SNCF), Paris as a multi-purpose passenger and roll-on roll-off ferry for lorries and railway vehicles. After the introduction of Eurotunnel there was no need for a train ferry, so SNCF was losing money running her. She was acquired by SNAT and Stena Sealink in 1989, which operated the Nord Pas-de-Calais until 31 December 1995. From 1 January 1996 SNAT operated as SeaFrance. The vessel was renamed SeaFrance Nord Pas-de-Calais. SeaFrance operated until November 2011, and was liquidated on 9 January 2012. Eurotunnel won the bid for the three of the former SeaFrance vessels the original name of the vessel was restored, dropping the SeaFrance prefix. MyFerryLink started running on 20 August 2012, although Nord Pas-de-Calais joined in November 2012 following a refit. Following MyFerryLink's cessation of operations, mostly cited due to financial issues, the ferry was used directly by Eurotunnel to carry hazmat cargoes that are not allowed on regular train services.
| [
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"text": "France"
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... |
Antoni Lange | [
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"indices": [
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"target": "November Uprising"
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"target": "Russian Partition"
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"indices": [
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],
"target": "Romanticism in Poland"
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{
"indices": [
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],
... | p_1119 | Lange was born in Warsaw into the patriotic Jewish family of Henryk Lange (1815–1884) and Zofia née Eisenbaum (1832–1897). His father took part in the November Uprising against the Russian Partition of Poland. He was an admirerer of Romantic literature and its ideals. Antoni Lange enrolled at Warsaw University but around 1880 he was expelled for his patriotic activity by the Tsarist namiestnik Apuchtin who ruled the university at that time. He supported himself financially as a tutor but also published poetry under the pen-names Napierski and Antoni Wrzesień. He decided to study in Paris where he encountered new trends in literature, philosophy and art. In France he became familiar with the theories of Jean Martin Charcot, as well as Spiritualism, parapsychology, the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche, oriental religions, European and Eastern literature and modern literary criticism. He took part in the literary meetings of Stéphane Mallarmé.
| [
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"answer": {
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{
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"passage": "november uprising",
"start": 587,
"text": " Imperial Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich eventually crushed the uprising"
}
],
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... |
First Balkan War | [
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"indices": [
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"target": "Thrace"
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{
"indices": [
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55
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"target": "Macedonia (region)"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "First Army (Bulgaria)"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "... | p_1120 | Bulgaria was focused on actions in Thrace and Macedonia. It deployed its main force in Thrace, forming three armies. The First Army (79,370 men), under general Vasil Kutinchev with three infantry divisions, was deployed to the south of Yambol, with direction of operations along the Tundzha river. The Second Army (122,748 men), under general Nikola Ivanov, with two infantry divisions and one infantry brigade, was deployed west of the First and was assigned to capture the strong fortress of Adrianople (Edirne). According to the plans, the Third Army (94,884 men), under general Radko Dimitriev, was deployed east of and behind the First, and was covered by the cavalry division hiding it from Turkish view. The Third Army had three infantry divisions and was assigned to cross the Stranja mountain and to take the fortress of Kirk Kilisse (Kırklareli). The 2nd (49,180) and 7th (48,523 men) divisions were assigned independent roles, operating in Western Thrace and Eastern Macedonia respectively.
| [
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"text": "Bulgaria was focused on actions in Thrace and Macedonia. ... |
Energy in California | [
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"target": "Solar Energy Generating Systems"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Mojave Desert"
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"indices": [
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"target": "Solar power"
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"... | p_1121 | Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is the name given to nine solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which were built in the 1980s. These plants have a combined capacity of 354 megawatts (MW) making them at one time the largest solar power installation in the world. Other large solar plants in the Mojave Desert include the 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, opened in 2014, and the 550 MW Desert Sunlight Solar Farm and 579 MW Solar Star, both completed in 2015. The Beacon Solar Project, which generates 250 MW for the LADWP, was completed in 2017 in the northwestern Mojave Desert.
| [
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"end": 247,
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"text": "47877 mi2"
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{
"indices": [
... |
Arrow (season 6) | [
{
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39,
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"target": "Oliver Queen (Arrowverse)"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Stephen Amell"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Starfish Island (DC Comics)"
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{
"indices": [
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212
... | p_1122 | The series follows billionaire playboy Oliver Queen (Stephen Amell), who claimed to have spent five years shipwrecked on Lian Yu, a mysterious island in the North China Sea, before returning home to Starling City (later renamed "Star City") to fight crime and corruption as a secret vigilante whose weapon of choice is a bow and arrow. In the sixth season, after an explosive battle on Lian Yu, Oliver must balance being a vigilante, the mayor, and a father to his son, William. At the same time, new enemies emerge, initially led by terrorist hacker Cayden James (Michael Emerson), who allies himself with various criminals including drug dealer Ricardo Diaz (Kirk Acevedo), metahuman vigilante Vincent Sobel (portrayed by Johann Urb, voiced by Mick Wingert when masked), Russian mobster Anatoly Knyazev (David Nykl), and metahuman Black Siren. As James loses control of his cabal, Ricardo Diaz comes to the fore and kills him, revealing that he manipulated James into believing Oliver killed his son, and announcing to Green Arrow his scheme to take over Star City's criminal underworld and control the city's political infrastructure, all while Oliver must contend with his former teammates forming a rival team. As Diaz takes control of the city, Oliver is forced to recruit the aid of the FBI, in exchange for him publicly announcing his identity and going to federal prison. In the finale, Oliver is imprisoned in a maximum security penitentiary.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 51427,
"passage": "list of arrow characters",
"start": 51418,
"text": "Ben Lewis"
}
],
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"context": [
{
... |
John Fitch (racing driver) | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Ford flathead V8 engine"
},
{
"indices": [
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56
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"target": "Fiat 1100 (1937)"
},
{
"indices": [
139,
151
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"target": "Jaguar XK120"
},
{
"indices": [
159,
200
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"targ... | p_1123 | In 1950, Fitch raced his Ford Flathead engined Fiat 1100, which he soon modified into the "Fitch Model B", and ended the year by driving a Jaguar XK120 in the Sebring Grand Prix of Endurance Six Hours. In 1951, in addition to campaigning in his Fitch-Whitmore, he boosted his early reputation by winning the Gran Premio de Eva Duarte Perón – Sport in his Allard-Cadillac J2. As a result of that win, Juan Perón generously awarded him membership in the Justicialist Party, whilst the trophy and a kiss were given by Eva Perón. He also clinched the support of Cunningham, whose financial clout allowed Fitch to race. He was drove a Cunningham C-2 for the Cunningham team at several races, including the 1951 24 Hours of Le Mans, scoring a number of impressive victories in the early ‘50s at then-fledgling road courses like Elkhart Lake and Watkins Glen, and was crowned the first SCCA National Sports Car Champion. In 1951, John raced an Effyh Formula Three car, winning at Bridgehampton and a class win at Giants Despair.
| [
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"answer": {
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"end": 21,
"passage": "eva perón",
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"text": "Eva Perón"
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],
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{
"indices": [
... |
Melvin M. Grumbach | [
{
"indices": [
22,
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"target": "New Utrecht High School"
},
{
"indices": [
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57
],
"target": "Brooklyn"
},
{
"indices": [
212,
231
],
"target": "Columbia University"
},
{
"indices": [
272,
292
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"targe... | p_1124 | After graduating from New Utrecht High School in Brooklyn, New York, and then attending Columbia College in New York City, Grumbach went on to earn his medical degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University in 1948. He completed his internship at Mount Sinai Hospital in 1949 and his residency at Babies Hospital, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in pediatrics under the direction of Rustin McIntosh in 1951. During the Korean War he served as a captain in the United States Air Force Medical Corps, with assignments at Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies in Tennessee and at Fort Detrick Biological Laboratories in Maryland. Following his military service, Grumbach did a fellowship with Lawson Wilkins at Johns Hopkins. He then returned to Babies Hospital and Columbia University in 1955, becoming founding director of the Pediatric Endocrine Division at Babies Hospital. In 1966 Grumbach was recruited to the University of California San Francisco as chairman of the Department of Pediatrics, and in 1983 he was named the first Edward B. Shaw Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics. Grumbach served as chairman of the Department of Pediatrics at University of California San Francisco for over two decades, transforming the department into one of the leading academic centers for pediatrics in the country. Grumbach stepped down as Chairman of Pediatrics in 1986 and retired in 1994, but he remained active in the field until December 2014.
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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300
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He completed his internship at Mount Sinai Hospital in 19... |
Wanda Jackson singles discography | [
{
"indices": [
4,
23
],
"target": "Discography"
},
{
"indices": [
27,
40
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"target": "Wanda Jackson"
},
{
"indices": [
98,
105
],
"target": "Single (music)"
},
{
"indices": [
139,
154
],
"target": "A-side an... | p_1125 | The singles discography of Wanda Jackson, an American recording artist, consists of seventy-eight singles, nine international singles, one charting b-side, and three music videos. In 1954 at age sixteen, she signed as a country artist with Decca Records. Her debut single was a duet recording with Billy Gray which reached the eighth spot on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, also in 1954. Refusing to tour until completing high school, Jackson's further singles for Decca failed gaining success. She signed with Capitol Records in 1956 and began incorporating rock and roll into her musical style. Jackson's first Capitol single exemplified this format ("I Gotta Know") and became a national top-twenty country hit. Follow-up rock singles between 1957 and 1959 failed gaining enough attention to become hits including, "Hot Dog! That Made Him Mad", "Fujiyama Mama", and "Honey Bop". In 1960 however, the rock and roll-themed, "Let's Have a Party", became Jackson's first Billboard top-forty pop hit after it was picked up by an Iowa disc jockey.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 34,
"passage": "you can't have my love",
"start": 12,
"text": "You Can't Have My Love"
}
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"type": "span"
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... |
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Street Scene (opera)"
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{
"indices": [
107,
117
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"target": "Kurt Weill"
},
{
"indices": [
137,
152
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"target": "Langston Hughes"
},
{
"indices": [
169,
179
],
"target":... | p_1126 | Whitman's poem appears in the Broadway musical Street Scene (1946) which was the collaboration of composer Kurt Weill, poet and lyricist Langston Hughes, and playwright Elmer Rice. Rice adapted his 1929 Pulitzer prize-winning play of the same name for the musical. In the play, which premiered in New York City in January 1947, the poem's third stanza is recited, followed by duet, "Don't Forget The Lilac Bush", inspired by Whitman's verse. Weill received the first Tony Award for Best Original Score for this work African-American composer George T. Walker, Jr. (born 1922) set Whitman's poem in his composition Lilacs for voice and orchestra which was awarded the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Music. The work, described as "passionate, and very American," with "a beautiful and evocative lyrical quality" using Whitman's words, was premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra on February 1, 1996. Composer George Crumb (born 1929) set the Death Carol in his 1979 work Apparition (1979), an eight-part song cycle for soprano and amplified piano.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 13379,
"passage": "pulitzer prize for music",
"start": 13309,
"text": "Morton Gould, Stringmusic\n- Donald Erb, Evensong\n- Andrew Imbrie, Adam"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null... |
Pam Buchanan | [
{
"indices": [
7,
20
],
"target": "1989 Western Australian state election"
},
{
"indices": [
79,
96
],
"target": "Electoral district of Ashburton"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
143
],
"target": "Larry Graham (politician)"
},
{
"indices... | p_1127 | At the 1989 election, Buchanan successfully transferred to the newly recreated seat of Ashburton, with her replacement in Pilbara, Larry Graham, retaining that seat for Labor. The re-elected Dowding government persisted only until February 1990, when it was replaced by the Lawrence government following Dowding's forced resignation. New premier Carmen Lawrence elevated Buchanan to the ministry as Minister for Works and Services and Minister for Regional Development. She was also made assistant minister to Lawrence in her capacity as Minister for Aboriginal Affairs. However, the regional development portfolio was abolished in December 1990, and Buchanan lost her remaining portfolios in February 1991, as part of a ministerial reshuffle prompted by an internal spill motion. Jeff Carr and Gavan Troy were also removed as ministers, with Carr consequently resigning from parliament. Buchanan herself resigned to sit as an independent on 1 February 1991, before the new ministry was sworn in four days later. She consequently became the first woman in the Parliament of Western Australia to sit as an independent. Buchanan resigned due to ill health just over a year later, in March 1992, and died at the end of that month, aged 55. She had married George Maitland Buchanan in April 1957, with whom she had two daughters. Her resignation prompted a by-election in Ashburton, which was won by the Labor candidate Fred Riebeling.
| [
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"answer": {
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"type": "value"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "At the 1989 election, Buchanan successfully transferred... |
Tyler Wotherspoon | [
{
"indices": [
12,
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"target": "Surrey, British Columbia"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
36
],
"target": "British Columbia"
},
{
"indices": [
70,
91
],
"target": "Portland Winterhawks"
},
{
"indices": [
124,
145
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... | p_1128 | A native of Surrey, British Columbia, Wotherspoon was selected by the Portland Winter Hawks in the second round of the 2008 Western Hockey League (WHL) Bantam Draft. He made his WHL debut as a 15-year-old in 2008–09, appearing in four games for Portland, then played four full seasons between 2009 and 2013. In his WHL career, he has appeared in 239 games in his WHL career and scored 17 goals along with 65 assists. With the Winterhawks, he appeared in the WHL championship series in three consecutive years as Portland lost the final in 2011 and 2012 to the Kootenay Ice and Edmonton Oil Kings, respectively, before finally winning the Ed Chynoweth Cup championship in 2013 by defeating Edmonton. Wotherspoon was also named to the WHL's Western Conference second All-Star Team in 2012–13. Wotherspoon scored three points in five games at the 2013 Memorial Cup, however Portland lost the Canadian Hockey League (CHL) championship game, the Memorial Cup, to the Halifax Mooseheads, 6–4. During the season, Wotherspoon was also a member of the Canadian junior team, recording two points in six games at the 2013 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Wotherspoon was selected by the Portland Winter Hawks i... |
Waylon and Company | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Willie Nelson"
},
{
"indices": [
126,
138
],
"target": "Jessi Colter"
},
{
"indices": [
297,
315
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"target": "Hank Williams Jr."
},
{
"indices": [
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358
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"target": "... | p_1129 | Jennings had recorded several duet albums in the past, including three in five years with Willie Nelson and one with his wife Jessi Colter in 1982, but Waylon and Company was his first album of duets with a host of guest artists. The album is best remembered for "The Conversation," a #4 hit with Hank Williams, Jr. that addresses the legacy of Hank Williams (the pair also shot a popular music video for the song). Waylon and Hank, Jr. also join an ailing Ernest Tubb on the defiant "Leave Them Boys Alone." Emmylou Harris, Jerry Reed, Mel Tillis, Jessi Colter, and actor James Garner also make appearances, and Jennings sings one song with Tony Joe White. Bob McDill wrote the lone Jennings solo track, "I May Be Used (But I Ain't Used Up)," which peaked at #15. The album contains the #1 hit single "Just to Satisfy You," a duet with Nelson which had actually been released in Black on Black LP two years earlier. The album peaked at #12 on the Billboard country albums chart. AllMusic deems the album "Fun for what it is."
| [
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"context": [
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"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The album is best remembered for \"The Conversation,\" a ... |
August Froehlich | [
{
"indices": [
86,
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"target": "Chorzów"
},
{
"indices": [
98,
114
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"target": "Province of Silesia"
},
{
"indices": [
171,
178
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"target": "Wrocław"
},
{
"indices": [
245,
260
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"target": "World War I... | p_1130 | August Froehlich was born in 1891 in a well-to-do business family in Königshütte (now Chorzów) in Prussian Silesia. In 1912 young Froehlich started theological studies in Breslau to become a priest, but before completing it, at the break of the First World War, he was mobilized. He served in the elite 1st (Emperor Alexander) Guards Grenadiers. Soon, while on the Russian front, on 3 July 1915, in one of the first battles, he was seriously injured. Mistakenly taken for dead, he was left on the battlefield, found alive only the following day by German military medics. After his recovery, he resumed his military service, this time in France. Among other medals he received the Iron Cross - first and second class. He was wounded again and became a POW. He returned home to Breslau from British imprisonment in the autumn 1920, two years after the end of the war. He continued his theological studies in the theology faculty at the Breslau University. On 19 June 1921 August Froehlich was ordained a priest by Cardinal Adolf Bertram in the cathedral of Breslau Diocese. After his first mass in his home parish Saint Barbara in Königshütte, he was appointed by the Bishop of Breslau to the autonomous Berlin ecclesiastic province. He worked in Berlin and Pomerania.
| [
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"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "August Froehlich was born in 1891 in a well-to-do business ... |
African military systems to 1800 | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Middle Kingdom of Egypt"
},
{
"indices": [
116,
121
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"target": "Nubia"
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{
"indices": [
226,
231
],
"target": "Buhen"
},
{
"indices": [
238,
245
],
"target": "Ditch"
}... | p_1131 | During the Middle Kingdom military sophistication and strength continued to expand. Well-organized expeditions into Nubia were conducted, and a number of fortresses were built to control Nubian territory, such as the works at Buhen. Deep ditches surrounded some of these fortifications, with walls up to 24 feet thick, creating strong bases against rebellion or invasion. Recruiting quotas were assigned on a regional basis and designated scribes drafted soldiers as needed for the armies of the state. Striking forces were still primarily infantry-based, and tactics did not change drastically from previous eras. A key role in the strengthening of Egyptian forces was played by infantrymen from Nubia, both as spearmen and archers. Parts of Nubia were renowned for such fighting men, and indeed a part of the Nubian territory was called Ta-Seti or Land of the Bow by the Egyptians. The Egyptians and Nubians were ethnically the closest in the region, frequently exchanging people, genes, resources and culture over several centuries, and occasionally engaging one another in military conflict. Nubian fighting men were also sought as mercenaries by various kingdoms of Southwest Asia, according to the Amarna letters.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 344,
"passage": "amarna letters",
"start": 272,
"text": "the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type"... |
The Italian (1915 film) | [
{
"indices": [
31,
42
],
"target": "Silent film"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
127
],
"target": "United States"
},
{
"indices": [
182,
192
],
"target": "Shoeshiner"
},
{
"indices": [
283,
298
],
"target": "Lower Eas... | p_1132 | The Italian is a 1915 American silent film feature which tells the story of an Italian gondolier who comes to the United States to make his fortune but instead winds up working as a shoeshiner and experiencing tragedy while living with his wife and child in a tenement on New York's Lower East Side. The film was produced by Thomas H. Ince, directed by Reginald Barker, and co-written by C. Gardner Sullivan and Ince. The film stars stage actor George Beban in the title role as the Italian immigrant, Pietro "Beppo" Donnetti. In 1991, this film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 340,
"passage": "library of congress",
"start": 324,
"text": "Washington, D.C."
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"i... |
Methodios Fouyias | [
{
"indices": [
42,
49
],
"target": "Corinth"
},
{
"indices": [
75,
89
],
"target": "Greek Orthodox Church"
},
{
"indices": [
90,
131
],
"target": "Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1133 | Methodios Fouyias (; 12 September 1924 in Corinth – 7 July 2006) served as Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Thyateira and Great Britain (concomitantly apokrisiarios of the Ecumenical Patriarch to the Archbishop of Canterbury) from 1979 to 1988. After studies in the Theological Faculty of the University of Athens and parochial responsibilities in Munich, he served in various positions within the Patriarchate of Alexandria culminating in that of Metropolitan of Axum covering Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. Fouiyas' studies and encounters led to a favourable understanding of the Church of England which he saw in some respects as a continuator of the Saxon Church before the Norman Conquest, the Gregorian Reform and most importantly the East–West Schism of 1054. He was thus seen as the ideal candidate for the post of archbishop in London. Several years experience however of deepening division within Anglicanism led him openly to suggest (in an article in The Times) that the road to unity for Anglicans lay in submission to the discipline of the Roman Catholic church. As his post involved close relations with Lambeth it was judged expedient that he should be recalled. Methodios assumed the title of Pisidia and continued his studies (notably on Bessarion) in Greece.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 207,
"passage": "corinth",
"start": 201,
"text": "Greece"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0... |
Adrian Howells | [
{
"indices": [
55,
63
],
"target": "Bapchild"
},
{
"indices": [
65,
69
],
"target": "Kent"
},
{
"indices": [
86,
93
],
"target": "England"
},
{
"indices": [
119,
132
],
"target": "Sittingbourne"
},
{
... | p_1134 | Howells was born in 1962 in his grandmother's house in Bapchild, Kent in the South of England. He was raised in nearby Sittingbourne, and attended Minterne County Junior School and Borden Grammar School. In the 1970s, he participated in youth theatre companies including Kent County Youth Theatre and Sittingbourne Youth Theatre. From 1981-84 he attended Bretton Hall College in West Yorkshire, graduating with a bachelor's degree in Drama and English. After working as a jobbing actor and director in provincial productions of plays and pantomimes, in 1990 Howells joined the Citizens Theatre Company in Glasgow, Scotland as an assistant director to Giles Havergal (one of the company's three pioneering directors, alongside Philip Prowse and the late Robert David MacDonald). While working at the Citizens Theatre, Howells met Stewart Laing, and Laing cast Howells alongside the drag performers Leigh Bowery and Ivan Cartwright in a production of Copi's scatological play The Homosexual or the Difficulty of Sexpressing Oneself (1971) -- Laing's first directorial production (co-directed with Gerrard McArthur). The play toured to Glasgow, London and Manchester in 1993-94. Howells recalled that Time Out described it as a hymn to tastelessness. I blacked up and was an Asian transsexual with a Carry on up the Khyber accent.’ Bowery was a profound influence on Howells and the two were close friends until Bowery's premature death in late 1994.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
69
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Howells was born in 1962 in his grandmother's house in Bap... |
The Definitive Collection (ABBA album) | [
{
"indices": [
36,
53
],
"target": "Compilation album"
},
{
"indices": [
93,
96
],
"target": "Pop music"
},
{
"indices": [
103,
107
],
"target": "ABBA"
},
{
"indices": [
183,
199
],
"target": "People Need Lov... | p_1135 | The Definitive Collection is a 2001 compilation album of all the singles released by Swedish pop group ABBA. It consisted of two discs: the first featuring the singles from 1972–79 ("People Need Love" to "Does Your Mother Know"), and the second including the singles from 1979–82 ("Voulez-Vous" to "Under Attack"), with the tracks being listed in chronological order. The main exception is the track "Thank You for the Music", which, despite being written and recorded in 1977, was in fact released as a single (primarily in the UK) in 1983 after the band had split up. It appears on disc two, along with two bonus tracks, "Ring Ring" (1974 UK single remix), and "Voulez-Vous" (1979 US promo extended remix). The Australian version of The Definitive Collection adds a further two bonus tracks: "Rock Me" and "Hasta Mañana". The 1974 remix of "Ring Ring" is the first appearance on CD of this version mastered from the original master tape, after the UK single master tapes had been returned to Polar Music by the former UK licensees, Epic Records. The track's previous appearance on CD, in a 1999 singles boxed set, was mastered from a vinyl single.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "albums",
"answer_value": "8",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
108
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The Definitive Collection is a 2001 compilation album o... |
Boston Public Library, McKim Building | [
{
"indices": [
211,
230
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"target": "William Shakespeare"
},
{
"indices": [
288,
299
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"target": "First Folio"
},
{
"indices": [
306,
320
],
"target": "George Ticknor"
},
{
"indices": [
377,
389
],
"target"... | p_1136 | Included in the BPL's research collection are more than 1.7 million rare books and manuscripts. It possesses wide-ranging and important holdings, including medieval manuscripts and incunabula, early editions of William Shakespeare (among which are a number of Shakespeare quartos and the First Folio), the George Ticknor collection of Spanish literature, a major collection of Daniel Defoe, records of colonial Boston, the 3,800 volume personal library of John Adams, the mathematical and astronomical library of Nathaniel Bowditch, important manuscript archives on abolitionism, including the papers of William Lloyd Garrison, and a major collection of materials on the Sacco and Vanzetti case. There are large collections of prints, photographs, postcards, and maps. The library, for example, holds one of the major collections of watercolors and drawings by Thomas Rowlandson. The library has a special strength in music, and holds the archives of the Handel and Haydn Society, scores from the estate of Serge Koussevitzky, and the papers of the important American composer Walter Piston.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 560,
"passage": "sacco and vanzetti",
"start": 556,
"text": "1921"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Ataullah Bogdan Kopański | [
{
"indices": [
63,
67
],
"target": "Arabs"
},
{
"indices": [
81,
94
],
"target": "Anti-imperialism"
},
{
"indices": [
120,
126
],
"target": "French colonial empire"
},
{
"indices": [
127,
135
],
"target": "Im... | p_1137 | In 1962, when only 14, he was fascinated by the success of the Arab national and anti-colonial forces that defeated the French colonial armies in the Algerian War, gaining independence for their country. When attending a military college in Kętrzyn (Ger. Rastenburg) in 1966-1969, he actively opposed the Polish communist regime during the 1968 Polish political crisis, and as a result was expelled from the Officer School, and became a political prisoner for the first time. He continued his studies at the University of Silesia in Katowice, and after graduation was employed there as a lecturer,adiunct and researcher. In 1980-81, when Poland was swept by a wave of anti-communist strikes, and around ten million joined the anti-communist Solidarity trade union, Kopański co-founded a branch of this broad grassroots social movement at the University of Silesia.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
204,
248
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "When attending a military college in Kętrzyn"
},
... |
Social policy of Donald Trump | [
{
"indices": [
71,
119
],
"target": "United States District Court for the District of Columbia"
},
{
"indices": [
148,
170
],
"target": "Colleen Kollar-Kotelly"
},
{
"indices": [
726,
784
],
"target": "United States District Court for t... | p_1138 | The policy change faced legal challenges. Following a challenge in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, on October 30, 2017, Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly blocked enforcement of the ban, writing that as far as could be seen, "all of the reasons proffered by the president for excluding transgender individuals from the military in this case were not merely unsupported, but were actually contradicted by the studies, conclusions and judgment of the military itself". In March 2018, Trump announced a new policy on transgender service members, namely a ban on those with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, which would effectively be a ban on most transgender service members. The new policy was challenged in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington. On April 13, 2018 Judge Marsha J. Pechman blocked enforcement of the policy, ruling that the administration's updated policy essentially repeated the same issues as its predecessor order from 2017, and that transgender service members (and transgender individuals as a class) were a protected class entitled to strict scrutiny of adverse laws (or at worst, a quasi-suspect class), and ordered that matter continue to a full trial hearing on the legality of the proposed policy. On January 21, 2019, the Supreme Court — with Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh and Clarence Thomas forming the majority for the 5-4 opinion — allowed Trump's policy to go into effect while challenges in lower courts are adjudicated. On March 12, 2019, acting Deputy Defense Secretary David Norquist signed a directive to allow Trump's policy to take effect in 30 days.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 1413,
"passage": "Social policy of Donald Trump",
"start": 1398,
"text": "Clarence Thomas"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{... |
Bucknell Bison | [
{
"indices": [
3,
7
],
"target": "2005 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
},
{
"indices": [
13,
34
],
"target": "Bucknell Bison men's basketball"
},
{
"indices": [
47,
51
],
"target": "National Collegiate Athletic Association"... | p_1139 | In 2005, the men's basketball team went to the NCAA men's basketball tournament and became the first Patriot League team to win an NCAA tournament game, in an upset of Kansas (64–63). The victory followed a year that included wins over #9 Pittsburgh and Saint Joseph's. They lost to Wisconsin in the following round, but received the honor of "Best Upset" at the 2005 ESPY Awards. In 2006, the Bison continued their success with high-profile victories at Syracuse, then ranked 19th, DePaul, and Saint Joseph's, a sequence that saw the Bison nearly enter the Associated Press's top-25 rankings. However, those wins were followed by high-profile losses against Villanova, then ranked fourth in the nation, and at Duke, then ranked first. Patriot League play began after the Duke loss, and the Bison did not lose a league game in 2006. The team was ranked 24th in the nation in both the Associated Press and ESPN/USA Today college basketball polls for the week of February 13. This was the Bucknell program's first national ranking, and the first time since the league's creation in 1990 that any Patriot League men's basketball team has been ranked. The team was seeded ninth in the Oakland bracket for the 2006 NCAA tournament, and defeated Arkansas in the first round (59–55). The Bison were defeated by Memphis in the second round, losing by a score of 72–56. They finished the regular season ranked 25th in the ESPN poll. Entering the 2006–2007 season, the Bison had scheduled a number of high-profile games, including a season opener against Wake Forest. The schedule also included a match-up against George Mason, a team that had made the 2006 Final Four. In a tight game, the Bison were defeated by Wake Forest 86–83 in overtime. They did, however, go on to defeat George Mason. Bucknell made it to the 2007 Patriot League Championship Game where they faced Holy Cross. The Bison lost by a score of 66–74.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
183
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 2005, the men's basketball team went to the NCAA men's b... |
Fateh Muhammad Sial | [
{
"indices": [
15,
21
],
"target": "Muslims"
},
{
"indices": [
35,
41
],
"target": "London"
},
{
"indices": [
81,
88
],
"target": "British people"
},
{
"indices": [
137,
143
],
"target": "Mosque"
},
{
... | p_1140 | With the young Muslim community in London growing to immigration and a number of British Converts, there became an increasing need for a Mosque where Muslims could gather and pray in congregation. In 1914, the second Ahmadiyya Khalifa, Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, instructed Fateh Muhammad Sial to purchase a property where a mosque could be built for the Muslim community. In August 1920, Fateh Muhammad Sial acquired a one-acre site at Southfields which became active mission house and his main base of operation,but within the space of a few years the Mission House was no longer sufficient and plans for a construction of a mosque on the site were finalised. The Fazl Mosque (also known as the London Mosque) in London was inaugurated on October 23, 1926. It was the first purpose built mosque in London and become a magnet for many Muslim intellectuals like Allama Iqbal, Jinnah, King Faisal, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and many others.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
671,
686
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The Fazl Mosque"
},
{
"indices": [
... |
Blohm & Voss Ha 142 | [
{
"indices": [
99,
114
],
"target": "Maritime patrol"
},
{
"indices": [
237,
251
],
"target": "Heinkel He 111"
},
{
"indices": [
296,
313
],
"target": "MG 15"
},
{
"indices": [
358,
364
],
"target": "Cupola"
... | p_1141 | Soon after the start of World War II, it was proposed to convert the four prototypes to long-range maritime patrol aircraft. V2 underwent a trial modification. It was fitted with an extended nose section with extensive glazing (like the Heinkel He 111 H-6), defensive armament (a 7.92 mm/.312 in MG 15 machine gun in the nose, twin-beam positions, a ventral cupola, and a powered dorsal turret), a compartment for ordnance in the fuselage, and navigation and military radio equipment. The company had by now been renamed as the Blohm & Voss aircraft division so the converted aircraft was redesignated the BV 142 V2/U1 while the V1 was similarly converted. Both were used operationally from late 1940 and were posted to the Luftwaffes second surveillance Group. This unit was assigned to the operations staff of Luftflotte III in France. However, their performance was disappointing, and after only a few missions they were withdrawn from service in 1942. Aircraft V3 and V4 were used as transport aircraft for the occupation of Denmark and in the Norway campaign with the KGr.z.b.V. 105 (Special combat team) and could transport 30 fully equipped soldiers over 4,000 km (2,490 mi). The ultimate fate of V3 and V4 is unknown. It was later planned to use the V1 and V2 to carry the Henschel GT 1200C guided torpedo, but the plan was cancelled.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
485,
558
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The company had by now been renamed as the Blohm & Voss a... |
Lijo Jose Pellissery | [
{
"indices": [
66,
70
],
"target": "Amen (2013 film)"
},
{
"indices": [
91,
110
],
"target": "Indrajith Sukumaran"
},
{
"indices": [
112,
123
],
"target": "Fahadh Faasil"
},
{
"indices": [
125,
137
],
"target... | p_1142 | It took another two years before he came up with his third movie, Amen, in 2013, which had Indrajith Sukumaran, Fahad Fasil, Swathi Reddy and Kalabhavan Mani in the lead roles and the movie succeeded at the box office while drawing good critical response. After a gap of almost two years, Pellissery released his fourth film, Double Barrel, a comic thriller, with Prithviraj Sukumaran, Indrajith Sukumaran, Arya, Sunny Wayne and Asif Ali in the lead roles. However, the film did not succeed critically or commercially. The next project, Angamaly Diaries, a black comedy cloaked in a gangster plot that revolves around the locale of Angamaly, was scripted by popular actor, Chemban Vinod Jose. The film, made on a small budget of million, was received well at the box office and drew critical acclaim; Anurag Kashyap opined that Angamaly Diaries was his film of the year. Ee.Ma.Yau, his next film based on a satire written by P. F. Mathews and with his regular composer, Prashant Pillai, scoring the music, was premiered on November 30, 2017 but the release was delayed due to undisclosed reasons. Before it was released on May 4, 2018, the film received the Kerala State Film Award for Best Director at the 48th Kerala State Film Awards. The film also won him the Silver Peacock Award for the best director at the 49th International Film Festival of India (IFFI), 2018, which was held in Goa in November 2018 (Chemban Vinod Jose, the protagonist of the film, also received the Silver Peacock Award for the best actor.) followed by the Sinema Zetu International Film Festival Award for Best Direction.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 751,
"passage": "indrajith sukumaran",
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"text": "Ee Adutha Kaalathu"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
... |
Gillie Potter | [
{
"indices": [
19,
26
],
"target": "Bedford"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
63
],
"target": "Wesleyan theology"
},
{
"indices": [
116,
137
],
"target": "Bedford Modern School"
},
{
"indices": [
156,
181
],
"target": "... | p_1143 | Potter was born in Bedford to Reverend Brignal Peel, a Wesleyan minister, and Elizabeth Stimson. He was educated at Bedford Modern School and for a time at Worcester College, Oxford. He first performed in E. M. Royle's The White Man at the Lyric Theatre in London before touring. In 1915 he was George Robey's understudy at the Alhambra. During the Great War Potter served as a 2nd lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery in France. He served in the 6th Division 2nd Brigade 21st Battery, from 8 February 1917 before returning to music hall once the war was over. Potter cultivated an individual style and persona, wearing a straw boater, wide grey flannel trousers (he said he invented the Oxford bags style at the Coliseum in 1920), an 'Old Borstolian' blazer and carrying a notebook with a rolled umbrella. James Agate described him as "that sham Harrovian who bears upon his blazer the broad arrows of a blameful life".
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "yes",
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
26
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Potter was born in Bedford"
},
{
"ind... |
Dubai Airshow | [
{
"indices": [
16,
31
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"target": "Indigo Partners"
},
{
"indices": [
57,
63
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"target": "IndiGo"
},
{
"indices": [
110,
116
],
"target": "Airbus"
},
{
"indices": [
145,
153
],
"target": "Airbus A320neo fam... | p_1144 | On November 15, Indigo Partners (unrelated to Indian LCC IndiGo) signed a memorandum of understanding for 430 Airbus at the Dubai air show : 273 A320neos and 157 A321neos for $49.5 billion at list prices; Indigo controls Frontier Airlines and Chilean low-cost start-up JetSmart, holds stakes in Mexican budget airline Volaris and European LCC Wizz Air: 146 aircraft will go to Wizz, 134 to Frontier, 80 to Volaris and 70 to JetSmart. The same day, Flydubai commit to order 175 Boeing 737 Max and 50 purchase rights for $27 billion at list prices: Max 8s, Max 9s and 50 Max 10s.
| [
{
"answer": {
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
16,
138
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Indigo Partners (unrelated to Indian LCC IndiGo) signed a ... |
San Francesco, Mantua | [
{
"indices": [
30,
46
],
"target": "Franciscans"
},
{
"indices": [
104,
111
],
"target": "Pope Pius II"
},
{
"indices": [
270,
282
],
"target": "World War II"
},
{
"indices": [
370,
378
],
"target": "Fresco"
... | p_1145 | The church was founded by the Franciscan Order in 1304 but it was not consecrated until 1459, when Pope Pius II performed the ceremony. Suppressed in 1782, it was sacked in 1797, during the Napoleonic Wars, and turned into an arsenal in 1811. Still in military use when World War II began, it was devastated by bombardment during the war. The Cappella Gonzaga, with its frescoes depicting the life of St. Louis of Toulouse ( ), was saved and recently restored. These frescoes were supposed to have been painted by Serafino de' Serafini, an artist who was active in Modena during the 14th Century. The church was reconstructed in Romanesque and Gothic styles. Now visible are some of the original frescoes depicting St. Francis Receives the Stigmata by Stefano da Verona. Andrea Mantegna's work St. Bernardino of Siena between Two Angels was originally here but it is now at the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan, Italy.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "95",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
54
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The church was founded by the Franciscan Order in 1304"
... |
2016 United States presidential election in Iowa | [
{
"indices": [
14,
44
],
"target": "President of the United States"
},
{
"indices": [
46,
58
],
"target": "Barack Obama"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
70
],
"target": "Democratic Party (United States)"
},
{
"indices": [
82,
... | p_1146 | The incumbent President of the United States, Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. Senator from Illinois, was first elected to the presidency in 2008, running with U.S. Senator Joe Biden of Delaware. Defeating the Republican nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona, with 52.9% of the popular vote and 68% of the electoral vote, Obama succeeded two-term Republican President George W. Bush, the former Governor of Texas. Obama and Biden were reelected in the 2012 presidential election, defeating former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney with 51.1% of the popular vote and 61.7% of electoral votes. Although Barack Obama's approval rating in the RealClearPolitics poll tracking average remained between 40 and 50 percent for most of his second term, it has experienced a surge in early 2016 and reached its highest point since 2012 during June of that year. Analyst Nate Cohn has noted that a strong approval rating for President Obama would equate to a strong performance for the Democratic candidate, and vice versa.
| [
{
"answer": {
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
154
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The incumbent President of the United States, Barack Obama,... |
German submarine U-131 (1941) | [
{
"indices": [
0,
26
],
"target": "Type IX submarine"
},
{
"indices": [
66,
75
],
"target": "German Type IXB submarine"
},
{
"indices": [
211,
215
],
"target": "Beam (nautical)"
},
{
"indices": [
287,
290
],
... | p_1147 | German Type IXC submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXBs. U-131 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 94,
"passage": "type ix submarine",
"start": 81,
"text": "Kriegsmarine "
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices"... |
Rafael Casanova | [
{
"indices": [
28,
32
],
"target": "Moià"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
62
],
"target": "Sant Boi de Llobregat"
},
{
"indices": [
90,
96
],
"target": "JURIST"
},
{
"indices": [
115,
145
],
"target": "Charles VI, Holy... | p_1148 | Rafael Casanova i Comes () (Moià, 1660 – Sant Boi de Llobregat, 2 May 1743) was a Catalan jurist, and supporter of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor as a claimant to the Crown of Spain during the War of the Spanish succession. He became mayor of Barcelona and commander in chief of Catalonia during the Siege of Barcelona until he was wounded in combat while commanding La Coronela during the counterattack on the Saint Peter front on the last day of the siege, September 11, 1714. After the war he received a royal pardon for having supported the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne. He recovered from his wounds, and continued his fight against absolute monarchy as a lawyer. It has been claimed that he is the author of the book Record de l'Aliança fet el Sereníssim Jordi Augusto Rey de la Gran Bretanya (Remembrance of the Alliance to George I of Great Britain) in which Catalonia reminds England of the Treaty of Genoa and their obligation to Catalonia.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "29",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
98,
181
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "and supporter of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor as a c... |
E-Rotic | [
{
"indices": [
33,
57
],
"target": "Willy Use a Billy... Boy"
},
{
"indices": [
328,
348
],
"target": "Terence Trent D'Arby"
},
{
"indices": [
670,
686
],
"target": "The Power of Sex"
},
{
"indices": [
708,
712
]... | p_1149 | After the fourth single release "Willy Use a Billy... Boy", released in 1995 and peaked #5 in Austria, later in June 1996, both members left the band, due to a disagreement between Leigh and producer Brandes, who were quickly replaced by artists Jeane (Jeanette Macchi-Meier) and briefly Terence D'Arby (not to be confused with Terence Trent D'Arby), who himself again was replaced by Ché Jouaner. Thus it has been later revealed, that Brandes was the rapper on all E-Rotic releases, except on the first album, where he shared raps with Raz-Ma-Taz, such on "Take My Love", and Leigh still had to continue to provide vocal work for E-Rotic's four follow up studio albums The Power of Sex, Sexual Madness, the Abba cover album Thank You for the Music until 1999 to the Kiss Me studio album due to her contract. Also, raps on their first single "Max Don't Have Sex With Your Ex" were not done by Smith or Brandes, but instead were done by Marcus Thomas (aka Deon Blue) who would later join Pharao. Meanwhile, Leigh, alongside Raz-Ma-Taz, formed her own band S.E.X. Appeal in 1996. "He promised me a lot of things during my E-Rotic time, but never was willing to keep his promises. One of these promises was to produce a mixed video, with both cartoon and real people. We were never shown in the videos and so we had problems with our concerts, cause no-one really knew us as persons," Leigh revealed. On 27 June 1996, the group's second studio album The Power of Sex was released, preceded by the latter mentioned lead single "Willy Use a Billy... Boy" and followed by the singles "Help Me Dr. Dick", "Fritz Love My Tits" and "Gimme Good Sex", all becoming moderate chart hits, peaking at #18, #16 and #3 in Austria respectively. In 1996, E-Rotic were featured in the supergroup, called "Love Message", on the same titled, Masterboy-produced charity single "Love Message". They also appeared on the Queen tribute compilation album Queen Dance Traxx, with the song "Who Wants to Live Forever", which also saw a promotional release. The tribute album also featured another Queen song "We Are The Champions", recorded with all artists, who participated on Queen Dance Traxx as a supergroup labeled as "Acts United". In 1997, the studio albums "Sexual Madness" and the Abba cover CD Thank You for the Music was released with its single releases "Turn Me On", which peaked at #7 in Finland, "Thank You for the Music" and "The Winner Takes It All". The album Thank You for the Music was released under the artist name "Jenn and C." in France. Ironically the music video for "Gimme Good Sex" was also the first one, not being a comic video, but still it never aired and was banned from music channels because of being too controversial for its sexual content, thus Leigh, alongside Raz-Ma-Taz, left the band earlier, because she wanted to be shown in music videos.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
101
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "After the fourth single release \"Willy Use a Billy... Boy\... |
Herbert Boyer | [
{
"indices": [
33,
70
],
"target": "Derry, Pennsylvania"
},
{
"indices": [
149,
166
],
"target": "Bachelor's degree"
},
{
"indices": [
197,
218
],
"target": "Saint Vincent College"
},
{
"indices": [
222,
243
],
... | p_1150 | Hebert Boyer was born in 1936 in Derry, corner of western Pennsylvania where railroads and mines were the destiny of most young men. He received his bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, in 1958. He married his wife Grace the following year. He received his PhD at the University of Pittsburgh in 1963 and participated as an activist in the civil rights movement. He spent three years in post-graduate work at Yale University in the laboratories of Professors Edward Adelberg and Bruce Carlton, then became an assistant professor at the University of California, San Francisco and a Professor of Biochemistry from 1976 to 1991, where he discovered that genes from bacteria could be combined with genes from eukaryotes. In 1977, Boyer's laboratory and collaborators Keiichi Itakura and Arthur Riggs at City of Hope National Medical Center described the first-ever synthesis and expression of a peptide-coding gene. In August 1978, he produced synthetic insulin using his new transgenic genetically modified bacteria, followed in 1979 by a growth hormone.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 44,
"passage": "yale university",
"start": 29,
"text": "Yale University"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices"... |
2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game | [
{
"indices": [
91,
100
],
"target": "All-star game"
},
{
"indices": [
108,
123
],
"target": "American League"
},
{
"indices": [
137,
152
],
"target": "National League"
},
{
"indices": [
186,
207
],
"target": ... | p_1151 | The 2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 78th midseason exhibition between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 10, 2007, at AT&T Park, the home of the NL's San Francisco Giants. It marked the third time that the Giants hosted the All Star Game since moving to San Francisco for the 1958 season. The 1961 and 1984 All Star Games were played at the Giants former home Candlestick Park, and the fourth overall in the Bay Area, with the Giants bay area rivals the Oakland Athletics hosting once back in 1987, and the second straight held in an NL ballpark.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
419,
507
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The 1961 and 1984 All Star Games were played at the Gi... |
Russian cruiser Almaz | [
{
"indices": [
32,
44
],
"target": "Baltic Fleet"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
92
],
"target": "Russo-Japanese War"
},
{
"indices": [
130,
142
],
"target": "Baltic Fleet"
},
{
"indices": [
229,
239
],
"target": "Sue... | p_1152 | Almaz was commissioned into the Baltic Fleet in 1903. At the start of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), she was assigned to the Baltic Fleet, and was subsequently transferred to the Second Pacific Squadron, which transited the Suez Canal under the command of Admiral Dmitry von Fölkersam. On 28 May 1905, with most of the ships in the Russian fleet destroyed or captured at the Battle of Tsushima, Almaz was the only major ship to reach Vladivostok after the battle. She returned to the Baltic Fleet after the war, serving as an aviso and temporarily as an imperial yacht in 1908. In 1911, after repairs, she was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet and at the start of World War I was rebuilt as a seaplane tender in 1914, carrying four seaplanes. She was at the Battle of Cape Sarych on 5 November 1914.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 3801,
"passage": "battle of cape sarych",
"start": 3792,
"text": "Russians "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indi... |
Army of the Eastern Pyrenees | [
{
"indices": [
87,
94
],
"target": "Battle of Mas Deu"
},
{
"indices": [
99,
109
],
"target": "Siege of Bellegarde (1793)"
},
{
"indices": [
145,
154
],
"target": "Perpignan"
},
{
"indices": [
204,
213
],
"ta... | p_1153 | In the first dismal months of fighting, the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees was beaten at Mas Deu and Bellegarde and forced back under the walls of Perpignan. Then the French repelled two Spanish attacks at Perpignan and Peyrestortes. Though the army was defeated again at Truillas and in other actions, the Spanish invaders withdrew to the Tech River in late 1793. Throughout the year the representatives on mission had enormous powers and used them to interfere with the military effort and to arrest officers that they deemed unpatriotic or unsuccessful. In 1794, the army's fortunes improved when Jacques François Dugommier took command. The army drove the Spanish army from France soil at Boulou and recaptured the Fort de Bellegarde and Collioure. After establishing itself on Spanish territory, the army won a decisive victory at the Battle of the Black Mountain in November during which Dugommier was killed. His replacement, Dominique Catherine de Pérignon soon captured the Sant Ferran fortress and the port of Roses. After these events the front became static and the last notable action was a Spanish victory at Bascara in June.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
751,
878
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "After establishing itself on Spanish territory, the army ... |
Carl Gottlieb Reissiger | [
{
"indices": [
22,
45
],
"target": "St. Thomas School, Leipzig"
},
{
"indices": [
67,
91
],
"target": "Johann Gottfried Schicht"
},
{
"indices": [
96,
112
],
"target": "Peter Winter"
},
{
"indices": [
160,
169
],... | p_1154 | Reißiger attended the Thomasschule zu Leipzig and was the pupil of Johann Gottfried Schicht and Peter von Winter. In 1821, he followed the example of the young Beethoven and went to Vienna to study with Antonio Salieri and also studied theology at the University of Leipzig. Reißiger continued his musical studies in France and Italy in 1824, under the sponsorship of the Prussian Ministry of Cultural Affairs. After working for two years as the musical director of the Dresden Opera, he succeeded Carl Maria von Weber as the Kapellmeister of the Dresden Court in 1828, and would hold this office until his death in 1859. A famous piece known as Weber's Last Waltz was actually written by Reißiger (one of his opus 26 Danses brillantes) and is mentioned in Edgar Allan Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher (1839) as one of Roderick Usher's favorite pieces of music; it is also the title of a 1912 film.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 146,
"passage": "st. thomas school, leipzig",
"start": 139,
"text": "Germany"
}
],
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"ind... |
Totonacapan | [
{
"indices": [
57,
71
],
"target": "Totonac"
},
{
"indices": [
75,
81
],
"target": "Mexico"
},
{
"indices": [
140,
148
],
"target": "Veracruz"
},
{
"indices": [
153,
159
],
"target": "Puebla"
},
{
"in... | p_1155 | Totonacapan refers to the historical extension where the Totonac people of Mexico dominated, as well as to a region in the modern states of Veracruz and Puebla. The historical territory was much larger than the currently named region, extending from the Cazones River in the north to the Papaloapan River in the south and then west from the Gulf of Mexico into what is now the Sierra Norte de Puebla region and into parts of Hidalgo. When the Spanish arrived, the Totonac ethnicity dominated this large region, although they themselves were dominated by the Aztec Empire. For this reason, they allied with Hernán Cortés against Tenochtitlán. However, over the colonial period, the Totonac population and territory shrank, especially after 1750 when mestizos began infiltrating Totonacapan, taking political and economic power. This continued into the 19th and 20th centuries, prompting the division of most of historical Totonacpan between the states of Puebla and Veracruz. Today, the term refers only to a region in the north of Veracruz were Totonac culture is still important. This region is home to the El Tajín and Cempoala archeological sites as well as Papantla, which is noted for its performance of the Danza de los Voladores.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 212,
"passage": "aztec empire",
"start": 207,
"text": "1428 "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
S.C.U.M. (professional wrestling) | [
{
"indices": [
3,
20
],
"target": "Final Battle 2009"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
49
],
"target": "Kevin Owens"
},
{
"indices": [
109,
120
],
"target": "Sami Zayn"
},
{
"indices": [
170,
182
],
"target": "Steve Cor... | p_1156 | At Final Battle 2009, on December 19, Kevin Steen betrayed and began a feud with his former tag team partner El Generico, turning into a villain in the process. In 2010, Steve Corino joined Steen against Generico and Colt Cabana. At Final Battle 2010, on December 18, Steen lost a match against Generico that resulted in his departure from ROH. Prior to the outcome, on November 4, 2010 at an ROH taping, Kevin Steen's contract agreement with Ring of Honor ended due to financial budget concerns, which ultimately played a role within the stipulation of the match. Corino soon turned face and introduced his ally Jimmy Jacobs, both claiming that they were good people that could reach out to Steen, and asked ROH for a second chance for Steen. However, Steen, who wanted to redeem himself but was opposed by ROH and its security that came to evict him from the building, ended up turning on Corino upon his return at Best in the World 2011 on June 26, sparking a revolt against ROH which fell into conflict with Executive Producer Jim Cornette, who vowed to rid the company of Steen. Furthermore, Steen threatened legal action if he was not reinstated, leading to Steen ultimately defeating Corino on December 21 at Final Battle 2011 to win a contract from ROH. At Showdown in the Sun weekend, on March 30, 2012, Steen defeated El Generico, with help from Jimmy Jacobs in a Last Man Standing match. On May 12 at Border Wars, Steen defeated Davey Richards to win the ROH World Championship for the first time. Following the match, Corino entered the ring and hugged Steen and Jacobs, as the three men went on to form a stable later named S.C.U.M. (Suffering, Chaos, Ugliness, and Mayhem).
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 50,
"passage": "S.C.U.M. (professional wrestling)",
"start": 38,
"text": "Kevin Steen "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Joe Start | [
{
"indices": [
34,
52
],
"target": "Brooklyn Atlantics"
},
{
"indices": [
149,
169
],
"target": "National Association of Professional Base Ball Players"
},
{
"indices": [
172,
188
],
"target": "New York Mutuals"
},
{
"indices": ... | p_1157 | Born in New York City, he led the Brooklyn Atlantics, the team he joined in 1862, to undefeated seasons in 1864 and 1865. In 1871, he joined the new National Association's New York Mutuals, hitting a career-high .360 in his first season with the team, when he was age 28. When the National League was formed in 1876, the Mutuals joined, bringing Start with them. After spending 1877 with the Hartford Dark Blues and 1878 with the Chicago White Stockings. 1878 was possibly Start's best season with the bat. He led the league with 100 hits and 125 total bases. He came close to the league lead with 12 doubles, 5 triples, and one home run. His 58 runs that year were second in the league. These statistics came in only 285 at bats, and at the age of 35, long after most players have begun to decline.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "7",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
80
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Born in New York City, he led the Brooklyn Atlantics, the... |
Craig Eastmond | [
{
"indices": [
66,
81
],
"target": "Oldham Athletic A.F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
89,
117
],
"target": "Colchester Community Stadium"
},
{
"indices": [
232,
249
],
"target": "Charlton Athletic F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
340,
... | p_1158 | Eastmond started for Colchester in their opening day fixture with Oldham Athletic at the Colchester Community Stadium on 9 August, but limped off after just 32 minutes with an ankle injury, ruling him out of a League Cup clash with Charlton Athletic three days later. He returned as a late substitute in the U's 2–1 reverse at the hands of Notts County on 19 August, and also appeared as a substitute in the 1–0 loss to Doncaster Rovers on 23 August. He was then left out of Colchester's game with Peterborough United by manager Joe Dunne, with Dunne stating that he had given the player time off. However, on 1 September, Joe Dunne was replaced as Colchester manager by Tony Humes, with Humes announcing that Eastmond had "taken part in every [training] session with us this week" and that he looked "quite sharp". In Humes' first match in charge, Eastmond was amongst the matchday squad, but was an unused substitute in the U's 0–0 stalemate with Walsall on 6 September. He appeared as a substitute for Sanchez Watt and played for 15 minutes in the next match, a 2–0 away victory against Leyton Orient on 13 September. Eastmond started only his second match of the season on 20 September when the U's held Bradford City to a 0–0 home draw. He scored his first and only goal of the campaign on 20 December with the only goal in an away victory over Yeovil Town, slotting home after an assist by George Moncur.
| [] |
Mars Outpost | [
{
"indices": [
38,
42
],
"target": "Human outpost"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
56
],
"target": "Planet"
},
{
"indices": [
57,
61
],
"target": "Mars"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
101
],
"target": "United States"
},
{
... | p_1159 | Mars Outpost is a concept for a human base on the planet Mars that was developed by the United States in the 1980s. The components and design were based on an earlier lunar test bed outpost. Development would go through several phases over four years, from an 'Emplacement Phase' to a 'Consolidation Phase', after which full use by its crew could commence. Components of the base would include a habitat module, pressurized rover dock/equipment lock, airlocks, and a constructed habitat. The 16 m habitat would be constructed in situ. Other technology for the base design includes a meteorological balloon, unpressurized rover, storage/work area, an area for geophysical experiments, and an area antenna. The Mars Outpost would be designed for a crew of 7 astronauts. Their main tasks would be to do research on mining of Mars and Phobos, life sciences, technology, and solar system exploration. The Office of Space Exploration did case studies that include establishing a human presence on another planet in 1988 and 1989. An objective of the Mars Evolution 1989 study was, "Emplace a permanent, largely self-sufficient outpost on the surface of Mars."
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
190
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Mars Outpost is a concept for a human base on the planet Ma... |
Sir Trevor Williams, 1st Baronet | [
{
"indices": [
60,
70
],
"target": "Protestantism"
},
{
"indices": [
105,
124
],
"target": "Commission of array"
},
{
"indices": [
168,
191
],
"target": "First English Civil War"
},
{
"indices": [
344,
351
],
... | p_1160 | In 1642, Williams, as a well connected local man and strong Protestant, was appointed by the King with a Commission of Array. At the outbreak of what was to become the First English Civil War, this gave him responsibilities for raising an army within Monmouthshire for the King, and holding the county against opposition. He was also created a baronet (one of several Williams baronets in Wales). Having set about his allotted task he was captured by Parliamentary forces in 1643 at Highnam during the Siege of Gloucester. After his release, he set about fortifying the ruined medieval stone castle at Llangibby, beside the Caerleon to Usk road, and garrisoned it with 60 men. In 1644 he helped lead operations around Monmouth. After the town was lost to the Parliamentarians he pleaded with Prince Rupert for more men and ammunition, following which he helped lead its recapture.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 70,
"passage": "first english civil war",
"start": 66,
"text": "1642"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [... |
Old Town Road | [
{
"indices": [
65,
71
],
"target": "TikTok"
},
{
"indices": [
99,
115
],
"target": "Billboard charts"
},
{
"indices": [
165,
174
],
"target": "Billboard (magazine)"
},
{
"indices": [
175,
192
],
"target": "Ho... | p_1161 | The song initially gained popularity on social video sharing app TikTok and eventually entered the Billboard charts in March 2019. The song reached number 19 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart before the magazine disqualified it from being included on the chart on grounds that it did not fit the genre, sparking a debate on the definition of country music. Though the song was not re-entered onto the overall country charts, both the original version of the song and the remix featuring Cyrus eventually peaked at number one on the flagship Billboard chart, the Hot 100, for a record-breaking nineteen consecutive weeks. Internationally, one or more versions of "Old Town Road" have topped the national singles charts in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom; and charted within the top ten in various other markets. Furthermore, the song was awarded diamond certification by the RIAA, in October 2019, for moving ten million total units in the United States, the fastest song to be awarded diamond certification. The remix of "Old Town Road" featuring Billy Ray Cyrus has been nominated for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards, with its music video receiving a nomination for Best Music Video.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "2",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
87,
130
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "entered the Billboard charts in March 2019."
},
... |
Parallel universes in fiction | [
{
"indices": [
51,
59
],
"target": "Villain"
},
{
"indices": [
105,
113
],
"target": "Superman (1978 film)"
},
{
"indices": [
130,
147
],
"target": "Christopher Reeve"
},
{
"indices": [
154,
164
],
"target": ... | p_1162 | Another common use of the theme is as a prison for villains or demons. The idea is used in the first two Superman movies starring Christopher Reeve where Kryptonian villains were sentenced to the Phantom Zone from where they eventually escaped. An almost exactly parallel use of the idea is presented in the campy cult film The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension, where the "8th dimension" is essentially a "phantom zone" used to imprison the villainous Red Lectroids. Uses in horror films include the 1986 film From Beyond (based on the H. P. Lovecraft story of the same name) where a scientific experiment induces the experimenters to perceive aliens from a parallel universe, with bad results. The 1987 John Carpenter film Prince of Darkness is based on the premise that the essence of a being described as Satan, trapped in a glass canister and found in an abandoned church in Los Angeles, is actually an alien being that is the 'son' of something even more evil and powerful, trapped in another universe. The protagonists accidentally free the creature, who then attempts to release his "father" by reaching in through a mirror.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"end": 11392,
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"start": 11380,
"text": "Ilya Salkind"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"... |
Frankfurt (Main) Süd station | [
{
"indices": [
22,
41
],
"target": "Electorate of Hesse"
},
{
"indices": [
77,
100
],
"target": "Frankfurt–Bebra railway"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
111
],
"target": "Bebra station"
},
{
"indices": [
130,
135
],
... | p_1163 | The government of the Electorate of Hesse (Kurhessen) had begun building the Frankfurt–Bebra railway from Bebra in North Hesse to Fulda, Hanau and Frankfurt before its annexation by Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. The project was completed by the Prussian state railways on 15 December 1868. Until the opening of the line south of the Main, trains from Bebra to Frankfurt had to use the North Main line and the Frankfurt City Link Line. On 15 November 1873 the new line south of the Main between Hanau and Frankfurt via Sachsenhausen and Offenbach was opened, including South Station (opened as Bebraer Bahnhof, "Bebra line" station) and Offenbach Hauptbahnhof. The South Main line is still the most important rail link connecting Frankfurt with Leipzig, Berlin and Hamburg.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
189
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The government of the Electorate of Hesse (Kurhessen) had b... |
Chesterfield Railroad | [
{
"indices": [
0,
4
],
"target": "Coal"
},
{
"indices": [
19,
29
],
"target": "Midlothian, Virginia"
},
{
"indices": [
105,
113
],
"target": "Huguenots"
},
{
"indices": [
208,
222
],
"target": "Richmond Basin... | p_1164 | Coal mining in the Midlothian area of Chesterfield County began in the 18th century. Around 1701, French Huguenot settlers to the area discovered the existence of the coalfield. The coalfield was part of the Richmond Basin which is one of the Eastern North America Rift Basins which contains some sedimentary rock and bituminous coal. In a 1709 diary entry William Byrd II, who is credited as the founder of Richmond, and had purchased of land in the area where coal was found, noted that "the coaler found the coal mine very good and sufficient to furnish several generations." It was first commercially mined in the 1730s, and was used to make cannon at Westham (near the present Huguenot Memorial Bridge) during the American Revolutionary War.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 388,
"passage": "richmond, virginia",
"start": 381,
"text": "228,783"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [... |
Robert Elwes (painter) | [
{
"indices": [
206,
213
],
"target": "Celebrity Eclipse"
},
{
"indices": [
374,
388
],
"target": "Rio de Janeiro"
},
{
"indices": [
431,
439
],
"target": "Tenerife"
},
{
"indices": [
502,
514
],
"target": "Bu... | p_1165 | Robert Elwes travelled extensively in his twenties and thirties, but in 1848 he embarked on a journey that was to take him round the world. Robert Elwes, aged 28, left England on 20 March 1848 on board the Eclipse. This voyage around the world took two years and three months, sailing on 10 different ships. He painted and sketched many scenes on his journey. He arrived in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, having crossed the Atlantic from Tenerife in 30 days. He explored a little of Brazil and then sailed to Buenos Aires, Argentina. He crossed the Pampas on horseback, a journey of 1,000 miles, crossing the Andes by mule and up the Pacific coast to Lima. He sailed across the Pacific to Honolulu and Tahiti and was shipwrecked off Tasmania in September 1849. Rescued by sealers and taken to Hobart with a cargo of 500 sheep, he then travelled overland across Tasmania to Launceston where he sailed (nervously) for Australia.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 495,
"passage": "celebrity eclipse",
"start": 480,
"text": " Solstice-class"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indi... |
118th Infantry Regiment (United States) | [
{
"indices": [
142,
162
],
"target": "Mexican–American War"
},
{
"indices": [
231,
249
],
"target": "American Civil War"
},
{
"indices": [
327,
365
],
"target": "First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia"
},
{
"indices": [
38... | p_1166 | The 118th Infantry Regiment traces its lineage to the year 1846, when the 1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry was organized for duty in the Mexican–American War. Company E, "Johnson's Rifles", lives on today as 4–118. During the American Civil War, the 1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry was reorganized into units of the First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, under General James Longstreet in 1861. The battalions of the South Carolina regiment first saw action at the First Battle of Bull Run, where the Union Army was defeated. They next fought in the Peninsula Campaign, and eventually had to retreat from General George B. McClellan's forces at the Battle of Williamsburg in mid-1862. Shortly after, the South Carolinians fought again at the Battle of Seven Pines, where the Union advance on Richmond, Virginia was stopped even though the Confederate forces did not deliver a decisive defeat. Longstreet's Corps recovered from the losses of the Peninsula Campaign and defeated the Union at the Battle of Gaines's Mill 26 days later, and followed the victory by decisively defeating the Union Army in the Second Battle of Bull Run. The battalions of the original 1st South Carolina took part on the Battle of Antietam on 17 September 1862, the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "lives",
"answer_value": "0",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
163
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The 118th Infantry Regiment traces its lineage to the ye... |
Orel Hershiser's scoreless innings streak | [
{
"indices": [
21,
33
],
"target": "Appendectomy"
},
{
"indices": [
51,
66
],
"target": "Spring training"
},
{
"indices": [
147,
179
],
"target": "Major League Baseball Pitcher of the Month Award"
},
{
"indices": [
214,
... | p_1167 | Despite an emergency appendectomy that delayed his spring training and shortened his time to get in shape for the season, Hershiser had been named NL Baseball Pitcher of the Month in April and a participant in the 1988 All-Star Game, getting outs against all three batters. In the eight games he started between July 10 and August 14, Hershiser had a 3–4 win–loss record with a 4.76 earned run average (ERA), raising his season ERA from 2.46 to 3.06. Following his August 14 start in which he left the game after two innings (his shortest appearance since 1985) with the Dodgers behind the Giants 8–2, he pitched complete games on August 19 (a shutout) and August 24. Prior to the game, Hershiser trailed teammate Tim Leary in shutouts, six to three, and Leary also combined with other pitchers to record a shutout that was not counted in his individual total.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
66
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Despite an emergency appendectomy that delayed his spring tr... |
Kevin LaVallee | [
{
"indices": [
104,
116
],
"target": "Innsbrucker EV"
},
{
"indices": [
120,
127
],
"target": "Austria"
},
{
"indices": [
185,
192
],
"target": "SC Bern"
},
{
"indices": [
268,
277
],
"target": "HC Milano"
... | p_1168 | Following his NHL career, LaVallee played another nine seasons in various European leagues. He was with Innsbruck EV in Austria from 1987–88 until midway through 1989–90. He played for SC Bern for the remainder of that season. In 1990–91 He moved to Italy playing for HC Milano in 1991–92 he played for a different team in Milan. In 1992–93 He joined the Ayr Raiders of the BHL. Later that season he moved to EC Ratingen in Germany. He moved again during the 1992–93 season, this time to Ajoie in the Swiss National League A (NLA). In 1993–94 he went back to Germany with Düsseldorfer EG. He moved with the team in 1994–95 to the newly created Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). In 1995–96 He started the season playing for the DEL's EC Hannover before returning to Switzerland and playing for HC Davos in the NLA.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
92,
140
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He was with Innsbruck EV in Austria from 1987–88"
}
... |
The X Factor (British TV series) | [
{
"indices": [
18,
25
],
"target": "Television in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
44
],
"target": "Reality television"
},
{
"indices": [
102,
114
],
"target": "Simon Cowell"
},
{
"indices": [
259,
270
]... | p_1169 | The X Factor is a British reality television music competition to find new singing talent. Created by Simon Cowell, the show began broadcasting on 4 September 2004 with 445 episodes broadcast over fifteen series as of 2 December 2018. The show is produced by Fremantle's Thames and Cowell's production company Syco Entertainment. It is broadcast on ITV in the UK and simulcast on Virgin Media One in Ireland. "X Factor" refers to the undefinable "something" that makes for star quality. The first three series were presented by Kate Thornton. Since series four, with the exception of series twelve (which was presented by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs), the show has been presented by Dermot O'Leary. The X Factor previously had a spin-off behind-the-scenes show called The Xtra Factor. This aired until 2016. It was replaced by an online spin-off show Xtra Bites exclusively on the ITV Hub. The main show was rested in 2019, with Cowell and ITV opting to broadcast and The X Factor: The Band as mini-series instead. At present, the programme is contracted to run until 2022.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
330,
407
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "It is broadcast on ITV in the UK and simulcast on Virgi... |
59th Quartermaster Company (United States) | [
{
"indices": [
31,
40
],
"target": "Louisiana Maneuvers"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
67
],
"target": "Carolina Maneuvers"
},
{
"indices": [
91,
95
],
"target": "Oran"
},
{
"indices": [
205,
210
],
"target": "Italy"... | p_1170 | After taking part in both the Louisiana and the Carolina Maneuvers, B Company deployed to Oran, Algeria in November 1942 in support of the Mediterranean Base Section. In June 1944, the 3251st deployed to Italy in support of the 5th Army's Rome/Arno campaign. The 3251st was transferred to the 7th Army and remained under its command for the rest of the war. The 3251st participated in Operation Dragoon in direct support of the 45th Infantry Division under the command of the 240th Quartermaster Battalion and then supported the divisions of the 7th Army as they fought their way across France into Germany. The 3251st returned to the United States through the Newport News Port of Embarcation aboard the AP-116 General Meigs on 13 October 1945.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 142,
"passage": "operation dragoon order of battle",
"start": 131,
"text": "August 1944"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Global storm activity of 2008 | [
{
"indices": [
23,
36
],
"target": "Sierra Nevada (U.S.)"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
48
],
"target": "Cascade Range"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
141
],
"target": "Lake Tahoe"
},
{
"indices": [
148,
172
],
"target": "Ki... | p_1171 | Heavy snow fell in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains from three storms. The heaviest snow occurred in the mountains south of Lake Tahoe, with Kirkwood Mountain Resort receiving of snow. Sierra-at-Tahoe and Heavenly Ski Resort both received up to of snow. Snow depths of at least were widely reported. The snow was combined with wind gusts exceeding , creating blizzard and white-out conditions in the Sierra Nevada. The highest reported wind gust was on Ward Mountain. Widespread reports of 3–6 inches of rain were received, and at the height of the storm approximately 2 million people were without power in California. About 3,000 people in Orange County, California were forced to evacuate their homes because of mudslide concerns in areas that had recently been burned in wildfires. These storms continued through the Intermountain West and into the Rocky Mountains. Heavy snow of 2–4 feet occurred in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, with a maximum of reported at the Silverton Mountain Resort. Six snowmobilers who were stranded by the storm in southern Colorado found shelter in a cabin. However, 3 people were still missing; one hiker in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California, and two skiers in Colorado near Wolf Creek Pass. At least three people were confirmed killed in the storm. A woman died when she drove her car across a flooded road in Chino, California, one person was killed by a falling branch in Sacramento, and person was killed by a falling tree in Central Point, Oregon. Two bodies discovered in Sacramento near a homeless camp were also being investigated as possibly weather-related. In Fernley, Nevada an irrigation ditch burst and flooded 290 homes with up to of water; the cold weather then caused the water to freeze. In southeastern Utah, nine people were killed and 20 injured after a charter bus returning from a ski trip in Telluride, Colorado ran off the road north of Mexican Hat. However, it was unknown if slick roads were the primary cause of the crash.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 36,
"passage": "Global storm activity of 2008",
"start": 22,
"text": " Sierra Nevada"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Craig Becker | [
{
"indices": [
25,
38
],
"target": "Donald P. Lay"
},
{
"indices": [
146,
162
],
"target": "Washington, D.C."
},
{
"indices": [
195,
254
],
"target": "American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees"
},
{
"indices":... | p_1172 | Becker clerked for Judge Donald P. Lay from 1981 through 1983. He then worked at Kirschner, Weinberg & Dempsey (1983–1989), a law firm located in Washington, D.C., and represented members of the American Federation of State County and Municipal Employees and its affiliates, including the Harvard Union of Clerical and Technical Workers. He was a faculty member at UCLA Law School (1989–1994) and has also taught at Georgetown University Law School (1987–1988, 2012), the University of Chicago Law School (1994–95), and Yale Law School (2016, 2017). He has been Associate General Counsel to the AFL-CIO and the Service Employees International Union (SEIU). Throughout his career, he has argued many cases in court, including in front of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 2009, he was a member of the Obama transition team, assisting with the review of the United States Department of Labor.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 448,
"passage": "Craig Becker",
"start": 415,
"text": " Georgetown University Law School"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Liam Lawlor | [
{
"indices": [
7,
28
],
"target": "1981 Irish general election"
},
{
"indices": [
87,
98
],
"target": "Dublin West (Dáil constituency)"
},
{
"indices": [
115,
128
],
"target": "February 1982 Irish general election"
},
{
"indices... | p_1173 | At the 1981 general election he lost his Dáil seat in what was now the constituency of Dublin West, regained it in February 1982, but lost it again in the November 1982 general election. Lawlor regained his Dáil seat again at the 1987 general election, and was appointed Chairman of the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Commercial State-Sponsored Bodies. He resigned the position in 1989 due to his position as a non-executive director of Food Industries, a company that wished to acquire the Irish Sugar Company. In 1991 he lost his seat on Dublin City Council, and at the 1992 general election he nearly lost his Dáil seat to Tomás Mac Giolla of the Workers' Party. It is widely believed that Mac Giolla was cheated by Fianna Fáil in the election; the emergence of information that the since disgraced and jailed George Redmond was one of the local government officials who conducted the election count has added weight to this view.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 458,
"passage": "greencore",
"start": 453,
"text": "1926 "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Cologne Lowland | [
{
"indices": [
121,
128
],
"target": "Germany"
},
{
"indices": [
157,
161
],
"target": "Bonn"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
169
],
"target": "Aachen"
},
{
"indices": [
175,
185
],
"target": "Düsseldorf"
},
{
... | p_1174 | The Cologne Lowland, also called the Cologne Bay or, less commonly, the Cologne Bight (), is a densely populated area of Germany lying between the cities of Bonn, Aachen, and Düsseldorf/Neuss. It is situated in the southwest of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and forms the natural southern conclusion of the Lower Rhenish lowlands and the transition to the Rhenish Massif (Rheinische Schiefergebirge or "Rhenish Slate Mountains"). The Cologne Bight is surrounded by the High Fens and the Eifel to the west of the Rhine and by the uplands of Bergisches Land to the east of the Rhine. In the south and southeast the rising Rhine Massif, visible from far off by the silhouette of the Siebengebirge, surround the head of the bight at Königswinter. To the northwest the Cologne Bight opens out into the valleys of the Rhine and the Meuse, in the northeast it is bounded by the Münsterländer Kreidebecken (Münster Chalk Basin) of the Westphalian Bight.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
192
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The Cologne Lowland, also called the Cologne Bay or, less c... |
Kris McCaddon | [
{
"indices": [
110,
122
],
"target": "Demon Hunter"
},
{
"indices": [
138,
154
],
"target": "Society's Finest"
},
{
"indices": [
159,
169
],
"target": "Embodyment"
},
{
"indices": [
171,
181
],
"target": "Rya... | p_1175 | In 2003 they took a short break, during which McCaddon decided to leave Society's Finest, and went on to join Demon Hunter. After leaving Society's Finest and Embodyment, Ryan Clark and Don Clark, formerly of Training for Utopia, recruited him, Jesse Sprinkle, formerly of Poor Old Lu, and Jon Dunn (Who would later join Soul Embraced) to join their project, Demon Hunter. Demon Hunter already had an album before he joined. On this album McCaddon had contributed by photography. On his Demon Hunter debut, Summer of Darkness, was great success. In 2005, Ethan Luck, formerly of The O.C. Supertones and Project 86, replaced McCaddon. In 2006, former Embodyment members, Mark Garza (drums) and Andrew Godwin (guitar), contacted McCaddon and said they wanted to play metal again. McCaddon contacted former Society's Finest member, Nick Nowell (bass) and asked him to join their new project, The Famine. Though McCaddon knew people would compare the Famine to Embodyment, he stated that "We started The Famine because we wanted to get away from the stuff we were playing with Embodyment...".
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
372
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 2003 they took a short break, during which McCaddon deci... |
HMS Vivacious (D36) | [
{
"indices": [
55,
71
],
"target": "Dunkirk evacuation"
},
{
"indices": [
77,
87
],
"target": "Dunkirk evacuation"
},
{
"indices": [
91,
97
],
"target": "Allies of World War II"
},
{
"indices": [
110,
117
],
... | p_1176 | On 26 May 1940, Vivacious was chosen to participate in Operation Dynamo, the evacuation of Allied troops from Dunkirk, France, and she departed Dover that day in company with the light cruiser and the destroyers , , , , , and . She began patrols the following day to protect the evacuation beachhead from attacks by German aircraft and motor torpedo boats (S-boats, known to the Allies as "E-boats"). She made two trips from Dunkirk to Dover on 28 May 1940, evacuating 326 men on the first one and 359 on the second, and on 30 May 1940 she carried 537 more men from Dunkirk to Dover. German howitzers ashore fired on her on 31 May 1940 while she was off Bray-Dunes, France, inflicting 15 casualties on her crew. She took 427 more men from Dunkirk to Dover on 1 June 1940. She also took part in Operation OK on 3 June 1940, in which blockships were sunk to block the harbor at Dunkirk; she took aboard the crews of the sunken ships and brought them to Dover. One of those rescued from Dunkirk was the Rev Ivan Neill who would later become the Chaplain General.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
192
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "On 26 May 1940, Vivacious was chosen to participate in O... |
Arthur Walker (Irish cricketer) | [
{
"indices": [
19,
26
],
"target": "Belfast"
},
{
"indices": [
59,
77
],
"target": "Queen's University Belfast"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
158
],
"target": "Royal Belfast Academical Institution"
},
{
"indices": [
241,
25... | p_1177 | Walker was born at Belfast in September 1891. The son of a Queen's University music professor, Walker was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, before going up to Queen's University. He played his club cricket in Belfast for Cliftonville and Queen's University Cricket Club, before moving to Dublin in 1913 to study at Trinity College. Playing his club cricket in Dublin for Dublin University Cricket Club, Walker found himself called into the Ireland team in 1913 for their annual first-class match against Scotland, played at Edinburgh. Despite being a bowler, he did not bowl in the match, and in his one batting innings he was dismissed for 3 runs by Donald McDonald. He did not feature for Ireland after this match. Walker died at Bangor in January 1968.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 106,
"passage": "bowling (cricket)",
"start": 69,
"text": "propelling the ball toward the wicket"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
... |
Paul Volley | [
{
"indices": [
45,
54
],
"target": "Beckenham"
},
{
"indices": [
56,
60
],
"target": "Kent"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
87
],
"target": "Rugby union"
},
{
"indices": [
135,
147
],
"target": "Wasps RFC"
},
{
... | p_1178 | Paul William Volley (born 2 November 1971 in Beckenham, Kent) is an English rugby union player. As an open-side flanker, he played for London Wasps for 16 years. He joined as a 16-year-old from Chinnor. Volley was first called up to the senior England squad by Clive Woodward for the 2000 England rugby union tour of South Africa, and then again for the 2003 England rugby union tour of Australasia. However he was ultimately never capped at this level. He has also been selected for England A on numerous occasions. He has won the Domestic and European competitions with London Wasps. This includes helping them win the Anglo-Welsh Cup in 1999 and 2000; he was a replacement in the 1999 final but started in 2000. After winning both the Zurich Premiership and Heineken Cup with Wasps in 2004, he headed across the Channel to play for Castres Olympique in France. He then returned to play for and captain Wasps' London rivals, Harlequins, and in 2008 signed a 2-year deal to play for RFU Championship side London Scottish.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "120",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
96,
161
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "As an open-side flanker, he played for London Wasps f... |
Battle of Setina | [
{
"indices": [
53,
61
],
"target": "Basil II"
},
{
"indices": [
115,
121
],
"target": "Samuel of Bulgaria"
},
{
"indices": [
129,
147
],
"target": "Battle of Kleidion"
},
{
"indices": [
260,
269
],
"target": ... | p_1179 | In 1014, after decades of war, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II scored a decisive victory over the Bulgarian Emperor Samuil in the battle of Kleidion. Samuil died of a heart attack on 6 October 1014 and the Byzantines took the opportunity to penetrate deep into Macedonia, the political heart of the Bulgarian Empire, and seized a number of important cities (Bitola, Prilep, Voden, Maglen). After the new Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Vladislav, who in 1015 assassinated Samuil's son and heir Gavril Radomir, had unsuccessfully tried to make an agreement with Basil II, he organized the defense of the country. The Bulgarians led by the Emperor, Krakra of Pernik and Ivats managed to return a number of towns and castles. The Byzantines were defeated in the battle of Bitola (September 1015) and at the siege of Pernik (summer of 1016).
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "centuries",
"answer_value": "4",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
149,
315
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Samuil died of a heart attack on 6 October 1014 an... |
Krishnam Raju filmography | [
{
"indices": [
49,
66
],
"target": "Babulugaadi Debba"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
172
],
"target": "Bobbili Brahmanna"
},
{
"indices": [
190,
224
],
"target": "Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu"
},
{
"indices": [
229,
... | p_1180 | In 1984, Krishnam Raju acted in Yuddham, Sardar, Babulugaadi Debba, Kondaveeti Nagulu and S. P. Bhayankar. Later, he acted in the Tollywood industrial hit Bobbili Brahmanna which earned him Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) and Nandi Award for Best Actor. He also remade the film in Hindi as Dharm Adhikari with Dilip Kumar and Jeetendra in 1986. Later, he acted in films such as Raraju, Bharatamlo Shankaravam, Rowdy, Bandee, Tirugubatu, Aggi Raju, Bullet, Ukku Manishi, Ravana Brahma, Neti Yugadharmam and Ugra Narasimham. In 1986, he acted in Tandra Paparayudu portraying the role of Tandra Paparayudu which earned him Filmfare Best Actor Award for the year 1986. The film was premiered at the 11th International Film Festival of India. Later, he acted in films such as Brahma Nayudu, Sardar Dharmanna and Marana Shasanam which earned him Filmfare Best Actor Award for the year 1987. In 1987, he acted in Vishwanatha Nayakudu portraying the role of Srikrishnadevaraya. Later, he acted in films such as Maarana Homam, Kirai Dada, Maa Inti Maha Raju, Antima Teerpu, Prithvi Raj, Prachanda Bharatam, Dharma Teja, Prana Snehitulu, Simha Swapnam, Shri Ramachandrudu, Bhagawan, Two Town Rowdy, Yama Dharma Raju and Neti Siddhartha.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 352,
"passage": "bobbili brahmanna",
"start": 342,
"text": "Brahmanna "
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices":... |
List of presidents of Colombia | [
{
"indices": [
46,
67
],
"target": "Congress of Angostura"
},
{
"indices": [
80,
100
],
"target": "Constituent assembly"
},
{
"indices": [
530,
539
],
"target": "President (government title)"
},
{
"indices": [
595,
6... | p_1181 | The Office of the Presidency goes back to the Congress of Angostura. This quasi-constituent assembly was formed to lay the ground work for a self-ruled governing administration after independence. The Constituent Assembly was formed by regional leaders that represented areas under rebel control; these areas did not include parts of what is now Colombia, as those areas were still under Spanish control, but aimed to legislate on its behalf. Congress elected an interim-executive officer and vested this figure with the title of President. Chosen to be first President of Colombia, was General Simón Bolívar y Palacios, leader of the revolutionary forces, who up to that point was titled "Supreme Chief" for his role in the revolution. The following day, Congress elected Francisco Antonio Zea Díaz, first Vice President of Colombia. Bolívar was subsequently re-elected interim President by the Angostura Assembly on after Colombia was conquered following the Battle of Boyacá, and elected again in 1821 in a permanent interim basis, pending national elections, by the Congress of Cúcuta, another constituent assembly mandated by the Angostura Assembly, and this time with elected officials representing the Colombian territories, during this time, and until 1826, the executive power was entrusted to the Vice President Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña, while Bolívar was away in battle fighting to liberate Spanish colonies in Bolivia, and Peru. Bolívar was formally elected in a national election in 1826 for a period of four years, but on 27 August 1828, Bolívar declared martial law and assumed dictatorship style powers after the Congress of Ocaña failed to pass a new constitution. Bolívar eventually relinquished power in 1830, and Congress elected Joaquín de Mosquera y Arboleda as his successor, but was shortly deposed by General Rafael Urdaneta y Faría who hoped Bolívar would once again re-take power, but Bolívar not only declined the Presidency, but also shortly died, leaving Urdaneta with no mandate for power. Urdaneta ceded executive-power to the Vice President Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría, as Congress had impeached Mosquera for his failure to prevent the coup; during this time, and until 1832 the Presidency remained vacant as there was no law for succession of power. In 1832, former Vice President Santander was elected by Congress as President of Gran Colombia, and it would be the last, since the territories of Venezuela and Ecuador broke away, which prompted the drafting of a new constitution.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 39,
"passage": "francisco antonio zea",
"start": 12,
"text": "Francisco Antonio Zea\n\nJuan"
}
],
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"context": [
... |
Johannes Kepler | [
{
"indices": [
40,
64
],
"target": "Mysterium Cosmographicum"
},
{
"indices": [
187,
195
],
"target": "Epiphany (feeling)"
},
{
"indices": [
232,
236
],
"target": "Graz"
},
{
"indices": [
265,
276
],
"target"... | p_1182 | Kepler's first major astronomical work, Mysterium Cosmographicum (The Cosmographic Mystery, 1596), was the first published defense of the Copernican system. Kepler claimed to have had an epiphany on July 19, 1595, while teaching in Graz, demonstrating the periodic conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter in the zodiac: he realized that regular polygons bound one inscribed and one circumscribed circle at definite ratios, which, he reasoned, might be the geometrical basis of the universe. After failing to find a unique arrangement of polygons that fit known astronomical observations (even with extra planets added to the system), Kepler began experimenting with 3-dimensional polyhedra. He found that each of the five Platonic solids could be inscribed and circumscribed by spherical orbs; nesting these solids, each encased in a sphere, within one another would produce six layers, corresponding to the six known planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. By ordering the solids selectively—octahedron, icosahedron, dodecahedron, tetrahedron, cube—Kepler found that the spheres could be placed at intervals corresponding to the relative sizes of each planet's path, assuming the planets circle the Sun. Kepler also found a formula relating the size of each planet's orb to the length of its orbital period: from inner to outer planets, the ratio of increase in orbital period is twice the difference in orb radius. However, Kepler later rejected this formula, because it was not precise enough.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
157,
313
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Kepler claimed to have had an epiphany on July 19, 1595, ... |
Aquaman in other media | [
{
"indices": [
80,
94
],
"target": "Justice League (TV series)"
},
{
"indices": [
99,
123
],
"target": "Justice League Unlimited"
},
{
"indices": [
148,
161
],
"target": "Scott Rummell"
},
{
"indices": [
261,
266
... | p_1183 | Aquaman has guest starred in several episodes of the animated television series Justice League and Justice League Unlimited, where he was voiced by Scott Rummell. This version was based closely on the hot-headed antihero persona (the producers were aiming for "Conan underwater") of the 1994 and 2001 Aquaman comic book series, with the Viking-like appearance and hook prostheses. Here, he sacrificed his hand to save his infant son from being killed in a plot against his life by his evil brother Orm; Aquaman and his son were chained to a rock that was falling towards an underwater magma flow, and Aquaman only had time to free his right arm from his chains before cutting off his left hand to escape his remaining bonds. In the season two episode, "Hereafter", he is listed as a member of the Justice League on the Watchtower database after Superman was sent into the future. He later appeared in an homage episode alongside Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman that pitted them against the Ultimen, modern pastiches of Samurai, Apache Chief, Black Vulcan, and the Wonder Twins from the Super Friends (Wind Dragon, Longshadow, Juice, Downpour, and Shifter, respectively). According to the website Television Without Pity, producers created Devil Ray and removed Aquaman and Black Manta from the series before the episode "To Another Shore" because the rights to Aquaman were no longer available due to an embargo on the characters because of the proposed and unaired Aquaman series.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
162
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Aquaman has guest starred in several episodes of the animat... |
Gasoducto del Sur | [
{
"indices": [
29,
65
],
"target": "Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority"
},
{
"indices": [
283,
314
],
"target": "New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)"
},
{
"indices": [
324,
338
],
"target": "Pedro Rosselló"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1184 | In 1993, the chairman of the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (AEE), Miguel Cordero, proposed a natural gas pipeline as part of the Government of Puerto Rico's plan to diversify Puerto Rico's energy sources. However, the proposal did not proceed during the administration of the Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP) governor Pedro Rosselló (1993–2000). In 2001, the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico (PPD) won the gubernatorial elections, put Sila Calderon in La Fortaleza from 2001 to 2004, and appointed Héctor Rosario as executive director of the AEE. The pipeline plan proposed by Cordero was shelved. In 2005, a natural gas pipeline project named Gasoducto del Sur (English: Southern Gas Pipeline) started construction under the PPD administration of Aníbal Acevedo Vilá. The Gasoducto del Sur pipeline would have transported natural gas from the EcoEléctrica facilities in Peñuelas to the power plant at Aguirre in Salinas. Acevedo Vilá managed to complete about 25% of the Gasoducto del Sur project before being defeated by the opposing party, the PNP, in the 2008 elections. When the PNP took back La Fortaleza in 2009 via Luis Fortuño as governor, Miguel Cordero was reappointed executive director of the AEE, and the Gasoducto del Sur project, though a quarter of its way completed, was abruptly cancelled. The cancellation left the Government of Puerto Rico with a US$59 million debt to the contractor, Skanska, and opened the way for the PNP's alternative project, Gasoducto del Norte. However, after strong environmental and popular opposition to the Gasoducto del Norte project, on 11 October 2012, the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (AEE) withdrew the entire Gasoducto del Norte Gsoducto del Norte permit application from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers evaluation process, thereby stalling approval of the proposed pipeline indefinitely.
| [
{
"answer": {
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
88
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1993, the chairman of the Puerto Rico Electric Power Auth... |
Robert V. Decareau | [
{
"indices": [
52,
60
],
"target": "Raytheon"
},
{
"indices": [
64,
71
],
"target": "Allston"
},
{
"indices": [
138,
152
],
"target": "Microwave oven"
},
{
"indices": [
260,
266
],
"target": "Lipton"
},
{... | p_1185 | After earning his Ph.D in 1955, Decareau worked for Raytheon in Allston on microwave technology that would lead to the development of the microwave oven. Decareau's wife, Rosa, commented that a lot of work on the microwave oven was done at their home. Then at Lipton, he was involved in freeze drying. In the 1960s, Decareau moved to Palo Alto, California to work with Litton Industries. While at Litton, he developed microwave ovens that would be the foundation of commercial versions. Decareau moved back to Natick, Massachusetts later in his career to work in research and development at the United States Army Soldier Systems Center to develop food processing techniques for military and space exploration applications. His work would earn him Fellowship of the Institute of Food Technologists in 1994. During his career, Decareau was one of the first people to refer to himself as a food scientist.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 152,
"passage": "Robert V. Decareau",
"start": 138,
"text": "microwave oven"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indi... |
2007–08 Sunderland A.F.C. season | [
{
"indices": [
54,
71
],
"target": "Manchester United F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
88,
98
],
"target": "Louis Saha"
},
{
"indices": [
344,
355
],
"target": "Jack Pelter"
},
{
"indices": [
416,
433
],
"target": "Ca... | p_1186 | Sunderland opened the month with a 1–0 defeat away to Manchester United on 1 September, Louis Saha scored the winner 18 minutes from full-time. Roy Keane said "I'm delighted with the overall performance. It would have been nice to test their goalkeeper a bit more but overall I'm delighted with the players' efforts." about the team's display. Jack Pelter signed for Sunderland on 8 September, from New Zealand team Canterbury United, on a free transfer in an original one-month deal. Two weeks after the defeat to Manchester United, Sunderland beat Reading 2–1 on 15 September. Kenwyne Jones and Ross Wallace scored the Sunderland goals in a game which was overshadowed by the tribute paid to 1973 FA Cup Final scorer Ian Porterfield who died on 11 September 2007. Sunderland met Middlesbrough on 22 September in their first north east derby of the season. Grant Leadbitter scored in the 2nd minute to put Sunderland in front, but two ex-Sunderland players; Julio Arca and Stewart Downing put Middlesbrough into the lead. Liam Miller scored an 89th minute volley to save a point for Sunderland. Grant Leadbitter scored his second goal in as many games on 29 September as Blackburn Rovers beat Sunderland 2–1.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 31268,
"passage": "manchester united f.c.",
"start": 31248,
"text": "Old Trafford stadium"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{... |
Ao Li | [
{
"indices": [
76,
89
],
"target": "Georges Bizet"
},
{
"indices": [
92,
98
],
"target": "Carmen"
},
{
"indices": [
168,
183
],
"target": "Lucrezia Borgia (opera)"
},
{
"indices": [
203,
227
],
"target": "I C... | p_1187 | Li made his professional opera debut in 2011 with the SFO as Le Dancaïre in Georges Bizet's Carmen. His subsequent appearances with the SFO include Ascanio Petrucci in Lucrezia Borgia (2011), Lorenzo in I Capuleti e i Montecchi (2012), Sciarrone in Tosca (2012), The Indian Gardener / Ben Weatherstaff in the world premiere of Nolan Gasser's The Secret Garden (2013), and both Fiorello and Don Basilio in The Barber of Seville (2013). He was also a featured soloist in a 2013 concert honoring mezzo-soprano Zheng Cao at the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center. He has also appeared at the Seoul Arts Centre in Korea as Gremin in Eugene Onegin, and appeared in that same opera as the Captain of the Guards at the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing in 2014. In 2015 he created the role of Male Soloist No. 4 in the world premiere of Huang Ruo's Paradise Interrupted at the Spoleto Festival USA.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
100,
139
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "His subsequent appearances with the SFO"
}
],
... |
Porth | [
{
"indices": [
9,
22
],
"target": "Walter Coffin"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
93
],
"target": "Dinas Rhondda"
},
{
"indices": [
172,
183
],
"target": "Coal mining"
},
{
"indices": [
336,
357
],
"target": "Richard G... | p_1188 | In 1809, Walter Coffin sunk the first coal pit in the Rhondda, further up the valley in Dinas, but a lack of a transportation network greatly affected the profitability of coal mining as an industry in the region. Coffin tackled this problem by constructing a one-mile tramline which connected his mines in Dinas to a tramline built by Dr. Richard Griffiths at Denia (Pontypridd), which linked to a private canal that joined onto the Glamorganshire Canal at Treforest. Coffins tramline followed the southern bank of the River Rhondda and ran through Porth. The existence of the tramline made the development of the Porth and Cymmer region far more attractive, and by the middle of the 19th century there was an impetus to expand coal mining in the area. In 1841 Richard Lewis joined Coffin in trying to exploit the region with his level built at Cymmer. This resulted in the construction of around fifty miners' cottages, several of which were located in Porth. In 1844 Lewis Edwards of Newport and George Gethin of Penygraig opened a small level at Nyth-bran on the eastern borders of Porth, the villages' first coal mine. This was followed in 1845 by the sinking of the Porth Colliery by David James of Merthyr, the success of which saw him build the Llwyncelyn Colliery in 1951, also in Porth. By 1850 the Taff Vale Railway had been extended to Cymmer replacing the tramline, allowing direct access between the lower Rhondda and the ports of Cardiff.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "10",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
1297,
1354
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "By 1850 the Taff Vale Railway had been extended to ... |
David W. Deamer | [
{
"indices": [
64,
83
],
"target": "Electron microscope"
},
{
"indices": [
293,
305
],
"target": "Alec Bangham"
},
{
"indices": [
343,
352
],
"target": "Liposome"
},
{
"indices": [
1360,
1369
],
"target": "He... | p_1189 | As a young professor at UC Davis, Deamer continued to work with electron microscopy, revealing for the first time particles related to functional ATPase enzymes within the membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum. After spending sabbaticals in England at the University of Bristol in 1971 and with Alec Bangham in 1975, Deamer became interested in liposomes. Conversations with Bangham inspired his research on the role of membranes in the origin of life, and in 1985 Deamer demonstrated that the Murchison carbonaceous meteorite contained lipid-like compounds that could assemble into membranous vesicles. Deamer described the significance of self-assembly processes in his 2011 book First Life. In collaborative work with Mark Akeson, a post-doctoral student at the time, the two established methods for monitoring proton permeation through ion channels such as gramicidin. In 1989, while returning from a scientific meeting in Oregon, Deamer conceived that it might be possible to sequence single molecules of DNA by using an imposed voltage to pull them individually through a nanoscopic channel. The DNA sequence could be distinguished by the specific modulating effect of the four bases on the ionic current through the channel. In 1993, he and Dan Branton initiated a research collaboration with John Kasianowitz at NIST to explore this possibility with the hemolysin channel, and in 1996 published the first paper demonstrating that nanopore sequencing may be feasible. George Church at Harvard had independently proposed a similar idea, and Church, Branton and Deamer decided to initiate a patent application which was awarded in 1998. Mark Akeson joined the research effort in 1997, and in 1999 published a paper showing that the hemolysin channel, now referred to as a nanopore, could distinguish between purine and pyrimidine bases in single RNA molecules. In 2007, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) licensed the patents describing the technology and in 2014 released the MinION nanopore sequencing device to selected researchers. The first publications appeared in 2015, one of which used the MinION to sequence E. coli DNA with 99.4% accuracy relative to the established 5.4 million base pair genome. Despite earlier skepticism, nanopore sequencing is now accepted as a viable third generation sequencing method. The original 1996 paper has been cited over 2000 times in the scientific literature, and in 2017, twenty one years later, a Google search for nanopore sequencing returned 226,000 results.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "2",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
1864,
2038
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 2007, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) licensed... |
Willem Drees Jr. | [
{
"indices": [
40,
68
],
"target": "Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
79
],
"target": "Jakarta"
},
{
"indices": [
87,
104
],
"target": "Dutch East Indies"
},
{
"indices": [
160,
18... | p_1190 | Drees worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Colonial Affairs in Batavia in the Dutch East Indies from 1945 until 1947 and as a financial analyst at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1947 until 1950. Drees worked as Deputy Director of the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis from 1 January 1950 until 1 January 1956 and as a civil servant for the Ministry of Finance as Director-General of the department for Budgetary Affairs from 1 January 1956 until 1 September 1969. In August 1969 Drees was appointed as Treasurer-General of the Ministry of Finance, serving from 1 September 1969 until 8 January 1971. In December 1970 Drees was approached by the Chairman of the newly founded Democratic Socialists '70 Jan van Stuijvenberg to seek the leadership for the election of 1971. Drees accepted and was unopposed in his candidacy and was elected as Leader and became the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the Democratic Socialists '70 for the election on 8 January 1971, he resigned as Treasurer-General that same day. After the election the Democratic Socialists '70 entered the House of Representatives with 8 seats. Drees was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives and became the Parliamentary leader of the Democratic Socialists '70 in the House of Representatives, taking office on 11 May 1971. Following the Drees was appointed as appointed as Minister of Transport and Water Management in the Cabinet Biesheuvel I, taking office on 6 July 1971. The Cabinet Biesheuvel I fell just one year later on 19 July 1972 after the Democratic Socialists '70 (DS'70) retracted their support following there dissatisfaction with the proposed budget memorandum to further reduce the deficit. The Democratic Socialists '70 cabinet members resigned on 21 July 1972. For the election of 1972 Drees again served as Lijsttrekker. The Democratic Socialists '70 suffered a small loss, losing 2 seats and now had 6 seats in the House of Representatives. Drees returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives, taking office on 5 September 1972. For the election of 1977 Drees once more served as Lijsttrekker. The Democratic Socialists '70 suffered a big loss, losing 5 seats and now had only 1 seat in the House of Representatives. Drees took responsibility for the defeat and sequentially announced he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader and a Member of the House of Representative on 20 August 1977.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
125
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Drees worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Colon... |
Egyptian Public Works | [
{
"indices": [
33,
51
],
"target": "Muhammad Ali of Egypt"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
160
],
"target": "Egypt"
},
{
"indices": [
471,
481
],
"target": "Alexandria"
},
{
"indices": [
711,
728
],
"target": "French ... | p_1191 | After his rise to power in 1805, Muhammad Ali Pasha embarked on consolidating his power and building an empire. His way of achieving that was to modernize Egypt and to build a European style strong army and a modern system of government. His desire for modernization fueled many new establishments such as the first modern military school, educational institutions, hospitals, roads and canals, factories to turn out uniforms and munitions, and a shipbuilding foundry at Alexandria. He established the school of Engineering (Mohandes Khana) in 1820 to provide the engineers and scientists he would need to carry out all the great projects he had planned. Impressed by the scientific and cultural aspects of the French Expedition (1798–1801), Muhammad Ali relied on French scientists and craftsmen to help him modernize Egypt. French engineer Pascal Coste was the first engineer hired by Muhammad Ali in 1817 to help him construct his ambitious projects. Coste worked on some small projects first, then came his biggest when he was appointed by Muhammad Ali as the Chief Engineer for Lower Egypt. This was the highest engineering post in Egypt at the time since most of Muhammad Ali's work to improve irrigation was concentrated in this region of the Nile Delta. Under his new position, Coste started working on constructing the Mahmoudiyah canal, the first of a long list of great irrigation projects that were to be constructed in that era.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 2621,
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"text": "Emine Nosratli"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
A Nu Day | [
{
"indices": [
52,
72
],
"target": "Warner Records"
},
{
"indices": [
112,
124
],
"target": "Quincy Jones"
},
{
"indices": [
138,
152
],
"target": "Q's Jook Joint"
},
{
"indices": [
188,
214
],
"target": "You... | p_1192 | In 1994, Tamia signed her first recording deal with Warner Bros. Records and collaborated with veteran producer Quincy Jones on his album Q's Jook Joint (1995). Their output, the singles "You Put a Move on My Heart" and "Slow Jams", as well as "Missing You", a song Tamia recorded with Brandy, Gladys Knight, and Chaka Khan for the soundtrack of the 1996 motion picture Set It Off, each earned her nominations at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards. She later co-signed with Jones's Qwest Records label, a joint venture with Warner Bros., on which her self-titled debut album was released in 1998. Upon its release, Tamia received a mixed to positive reception by critics and garnered the singer two Juno Award nominations for Best New Solo Artist and R&B/Soul Recording of the Year at the 1999 award ceremony. In addition, it peaked at number sixty-seven on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 416,000 copies in the United States, and was eventually certified gold in Japan for 100,000 copies shipped to stores.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
161,
443
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Their output, the singles \"You Put a Move on My Heart\" ... |
Albanians in Egypt | [
{
"indices": [
163,
184
],
"target": "1948 Arab–Israeli War"
},
{
"indices": [
279,
297
],
"target": "Egyptian revolution of 1952"
},
{
"indices": [
378,
390
],
"target": "Fuad II of Egypt"
},
{
"indices": [
442,
464... | p_1193 | The reign of Farouk was characterized by ever increasing nationalist discontent over the British occupation, royal corruption and incompetence, and the disastrous 1948 Arab–Israeli War. All these factors served to terminally undermine Farouk's position and paved the way for the revolution of 1952. Farouk was forced to abdicate in favor of his infant son Ahmed-Fuad who became King Fuad II, while administration of the country passed to the Free Officers Movement under Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser. The infant king's reign lasted less than a year and on June 18, 1953, the revolutionaries abolished the monarchy and declared Egypt a republic, ending a century and a half of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty's rule. Emerging victorious from a war-triangle (Ottomans, Mamluks, and his loyal troops), Mehmed Ali made good use of Albanian irregulars services as mercenaries and troops to bolster his reign. Albanian mercenaries, or Arnauts, presented the backbone of Ali's army and were known as elite and undisciplined soldiers of the Ottoman Empire armies. With the rise of Muhammad Ali in power, many of them would settle in Egypt and serve there. By 1815, the number of Albanian military was over 7000. Albanian troops partook in the war against the Wahhabi movement in Arabia (1811–18) and in the conquest of the Sudan (1820–24). The number of Albanian troops would diminish in 1823, when Ibrahim Pasha, Ali's son, would join the Ottoman armies in the Greek War of Independence along with circa 17,000 men, many of them Albanians. Ali's dynasty would continue to rule Egypt until 1952.
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
1298,
1333
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "the conquest of the Sudan (1820–24)"
},
... |
Ossian B. Hart | [
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"target": "List of governors of Florida"
},
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"target": "U.S. state"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Florida"
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{
"indices": [
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],
"target": "... | p_1194 | Ossian Bingley Hart (January 17, 1821 – March 18, 1874) was the tenth Governor of the U.S. state of Florida, and the first governor of Florida who was born in the state. Born in Jacksonville to Isaiah Hart, one of the city's founders, he was raised on his father's plantation along the St. Johns River. He was a lawyer in Jacksonville. He moved to a farm near Fort Pierce, Florida in 1843, and was a founding member of the St. Lucie County Board of Commissioners. In 1845, Hart became Florida State Representative for St. Lucie County. In 1846 he moved to Key West where he resumed his law practice. In 1856, he moved to Tampa, Florida. Among his clients was "Adam", a black man who was lynched after the Florida Supreme Court declared his murder conviction a mistrial.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"passage": "fort pierce, florida",
"start": 308,
"text": "41,590 "
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indices":... |
Henry Austin Dobson | [
{
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23
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"target": "Plymouth"
},
{
"indices": [
149,
157
],
"target": "Holyhead"
},
{
"indices": [
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196
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"target": "Beaumaris"
},
{
"indices": [
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208
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"target": "Anglesey"
},
{... | p_1195 | He was born at Plymouth, the eldest son of George Clarisse Dobson, a civil engineer, of French descent. When he was about eight, the family moved to Holyhead, and his first school was at Beaumaris in Anglesey. He was later educated at Coventry, and the Gymnase, Strasbourg. He returned at the age of sixteen with the intention of becoming a civil engineer. (His younger brother James would in fact become a noted engineer, helping complete the Buenos Aires harbour works in the 1880s and 1890s.) At the beginning of his career, he continued to study at the South Kensington School of Art, in his spare time, but without definite ambition. In December 1856 he entered the Board of Trade, gradually rising to the rank of principal in the harbour department, from which he retired in the autumn of 1901. In 1868, he had married Frances Mary, daughter of the distinguished civil engineer Nathaniel Beardmore (1816–1872) of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, and settled at Ealing. Dobson died in 1921 and his funeral was held on 6 September at St Peter's Church, Ealing. He is buried in the Westminster Cemetery, Uxbridge Rd, Hanwell, Middlesex.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 269,
"passage": "james murray dobson",
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"text": "Kent, England,"
}
],
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"context": [
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"ind... |
Mappy | [
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"indices": [
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"target": "Porting"
},
{
"indices": [
61,
68
],
"target": "Nintendo Entertainment System"
},
{
"indices": [
94,
97
],
"target": "Nintendo Entertainment System"
},
{
"indices": [
103,
106
... | p_1196 | A Japan-only port of the game was initially released for the Famicom (Japanese version of the NES) and MSX in 1984, followed by a later port to the Sega Game Gear in 1991. This was followed by a video game console-only sequel called Mappy-Land in 1986 (released in the United States by Taxan). In 1998, it was re-released as part of Microsoft Revenge of Arcade for the PC. Mappy also had several Japan-only sequels, including Hopping Mappy in 1986 for the arcades and Mappy Kids in 1989 for the Famicom. There is also a version called Mappy Arrangement which was released in 1995 as part of Namco Classic Collection Vol. 1 in 1995 for the arcades. The Famicom version of the original Mappy was re-released in Japan as part of the Famicom Mini Series in 2004. Mappy is included on the Ms. Pac-Man collection manufactured by Jakks Pacific. It is also featured in the 1996 Game Boy compilation Namco Gallery Vol. 1 and on the later , released on the Xbox, GameCube, PC, and PlayStation 2 in 2005 (it did not appear in the Game Boy Advance version), and also appears on Namco Museum DS. Mappy was also re-released as part of the Pac-Man's Arcade Party arcade machine in 2010. Mappy is playable in the PlayStation Portable version of Namco Museum Battle Collection. Mappy was included as a Dot-S set. It is also one of the first arcade titles to have been released on the Virtual Console. In 2002, it was released in Japan as a pachinko under the title of Mappy Park. In 2003, two mobile games were released in Japan with the titles and , in 2009 titled , the September 2011, the new mobile game titled , and Bandai Namco Games was bringing back to series titled for iOS on 2015 in Japan.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
838,
1000
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "It is also featured in the 1996 Game Boy compilation Nam... |
Hurricane Audrey | [
{
"indices": [
222,
235
],
"target": "Caribbean Sea"
},
{
"indices": [
299,
313
],
"target": "National Weather Service"
},
{
"indices": [
419,
447
],
"target": "Tropical cyclogenesis"
},
{
"indices": [
528,
541
]... | p_1197 | The formation and development of Hurricane Audrey was multi-faceted. One contributor to Audrey's formation—an area of anomalously low pressures roughly above sea level—was traced back to its first detection in the western Caribbean Sea on June 11. In an analysis of weather patterns from June 1957, Weather Bureau meteorologist William H. Klein noted the potential for research on similar disturbances to shed light on tropical cyclone development. Concurrently, surface observations suggested the progression of a disorganized tropical wave tracking westward across the Caribbean Sea beginning on June 20, eventually entering the Bay of Campeche on June 22. At 12:00 UTC on June 24 (7:00 a.m. CST), the resulting disturbance organized into a tropical depression based on ship reports in the bay; at the time, the first indication of a developing tropical cyclone originated from a report from a shrimp boat. The depression was in a highly favorable environment for intensification in the western Gulf of Mexico; sea surface temperatures in the area were at , or 3 °F (2 °C) above normal for the time of year. In addition, the latitudinal alignment of a polar trough over the Great Plains and the nascent disturbance in the Bay of Campeche created an environment suitable for outflow in the upper-levels of the atmosphere. Taking advantage of these conditions, Audrey reached tropical storm strength just six hours after being classified as a tropical depression while remaining nearly stationary.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
701,
742
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "he resulting disturbance organized into a"
},
... |
David Pocock (RAF officer) | [
{
"indices": [
18,
33
],
"target": "Royal Air Force"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
130
],
"target": "Akrotiri and Dhekelia"
},
{
"indices": [
171,
193
],
"target": "Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)"
},
{
"indices": [
286,
... | p_1198 | Pocock joined the Royal Air Force in 1974. He served as Officer Commanding Support Wing at the joint RAF and Army base at Akrotiri before becoming briefing officer to the Chief of the Air Staff. He went on to be Group Captain in charge of the RAF estate in 1996, Air Commodore Plans at RAF Logistics Command in 1997 and Air Commodore Plans and Policy at RAF Personnel and Training Command in 1999. He became Officer responsible for Defence Pay & Allowances in 2000, Head of the Service Personnel Change Programme with promotion to air vice-marshal in January 2003 before serving as Defence Services Secretary and Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Personnel and Reserves) from 2004 to 2005. He was promoted to air marshal in July 2005 and became Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Personnel) and retired in 2007. He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2008 New Year Honours.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "56",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
41
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Pocock joined the Royal Air Force in 1974"
},
... |
Wick Allison | [
{
"indices": [
19,
29
],
"target": "D Magazine"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
126
],
"target": "Ray Lee Hunt"
},
{
"indices": [
175,
189
],
"target": "Sport (US magazine)"
},
{
"indices": [
302,
325
],
"target": "Wi... | p_1199 | Allison co-founded D Magazine -- a monthly magazine covering Dallas -- in 1974, with backing from Dallas investor Ray Lee Hunt. In 1981, he and a group of investors purchased Sport Magazine, which they sold in 1984. He went on to found and publish Art & Antiques in 1984. In 1985, Allison was asked by William F. Buckley, Jr. to join the board of directors of the National Review, and in 1980 he became its publisher, succeeding William A. Rusher. In 1981 or 1982 Allison sold his company Allison Publications, publisher of Art & Antiques. In 1993, he resigned as publisher of National Review. In 1995, he and investor Harlan Crow repurchased D Magazine, and in 2001, Allison bought out Crow to become the magazine company's sole owner. In 1993, Allison edited a new edition of The Bible To Be Read As Living Literature, published by Simon & Schuster. He is also the author of Is That In The Bible? (Dell, 1992) and Condemned To Repeat It: History Lessons For Leaders (Viking Penguin, 1998).
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "46",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
29
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Allison co-founded D Magazine"
},
{
... |
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