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"... | context-419_64_2.mp3 | context-419_64.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | During The Great Game era, taking advantage of the Dungan revolt in northwest China, Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire, and made himself the ruler of the kingdom of Kashgaria. | During The Great Game era, taking advantage of the Dungan revolt in northwest China, Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire, and made himself the ruler of the kingdom of Kashgaria. | question-419_64_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Who ruled Kashgaria? |
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"t... | context-419_64_6.mp3 | context-419_64.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China. | The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the nineteen oh six Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China. | question-419_64_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What was the name of the agreement between Britain and the Chinese that kept the British out of Tibet? |
57315af1a5e9cc1400cdbeed | Qing_dynasty | The early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations. There were eight banners in all, differentiated by color. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the "Upper Three Banners" and were under the direct comman... | Who created the Eight Banners? | {
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... | context-419_65_2.mp3 | context-419_65.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the "Upper Three Banners" and were under the direct command of the emperor. | The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the "Upper Three Banners" and were under the direct command of the emperor. | question-419_65_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What were the banners called that were under direct leadership of the emperor? |
57315af1a5e9cc1400cdbef0 | Qing_dynasty | The early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations. There were eight banners in all, differentiated by color. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the "Upper Three Banners" and were under the direct comman... | What ethnicity made up the Upper Three Banners? | {
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57315c28497a881900248e75 | Qing_dynasty | Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight Han Banners (zh), and... | How were Banner's organized? | {
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"te... | context-419_66_5.mp3 | context-419_66.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | It was in Qianlong's reign that the Qianlong Emperor, concerned about maintaining Manchu identity, re-emphasized Manchu ethnicity, ancestry, language, and culture in the Eight Banners and started a mass discharge of Han Bannermen from the Eight Banners, either asking them to voluntarily resign from the Banner rolls or ... | It was in Qianlong's reign that the Qianlong Emperor, concerned about maintaining Manchu identity, re-emphasized Manchu ethnicity, ancestry, language, and culture in the Eight Banners and started a mass discharge of Han Bannermen from the Eight Banners, either asking them to voluntarily resign from the Banner rolls or ... | question-419_66_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | When did Manchu ethnicity become important again in the Eight Banners? |
57315c28497a881900248e78 | Qing_dynasty | Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight Han Banners (zh), and... | What did the Europeans call Han Bannermen? | {
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57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e0 | Qing_dynasty | Early during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperation the Qing court ord... | What caused the Qing armies to lose many battles? | {
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57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e1 | Qing_dynasty | Early during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperation the Qing court ord... | What city did the Qing lose in 1853? | {
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57315dcae6313a140071ce98 | Qing_dynasty | Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own "private" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century. Qi Ji... | Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army? | {
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57315e3ca5e9cc1400cdbf0b | Qing_dynasty | First, the Yongying system signaled the end of Manchu dominance in Qing military establishment. Although the Banners and Green Standard armies lingered on as a drain on resources, henceforth the Yongying corps became the Qing government's de facto first-line troops. Second, the Yongying corps were financed through prov... | What entity became the main Qing troops? | {
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"te... | context-419_70_3.mp3 | context-419_70.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The government attempts to modernize during the Self-Strengthening Movement were initially successful, but yielded few lasting results because of the central government's lack of funds, lack of political will, and unwillingness to depart from tradition. | The government attempts to modernize during the Self-Strengthening Movement were initially successful, but yielded few lasting results because of the central government's lack of funds, lack of political will, and unwillingness to depart from tradition. | question-419_70_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What was the Qing governments attempt to create a modern socity called? |
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5731600fe6313a140071cea8 | Qing_dynasty | Losing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occurred a mere three dec... | Who beat the Chinese in the First Sino-Japanese War? | {
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5731600fe6313a140071ceac | Qing_dynasty | Losing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occurred a mere three dec... | Who became the President of the Republic of China? | {
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573160a1a5e9cc1400cdbf11 | Qing_dynasty | The most significant fact of early and mid-Qing social history was population growth. The population doubled during the 18th century. People in this period were also remarkably on the move. There is evidence suggesting that the empire's rapidly expanding population was geographically mobile on a scale, which, in term o... | What happened in early and middle Qing history? | {
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5731613c05b4da19006bd110 | Qing_dynasty | According to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chinese between commoners a... | How many estates were there in Qing society? | {
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573161e105b4da19006bd116 | Qing_dynasty | By the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order. In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between regions, a greater depe... | What did China export? | {
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57316283497a881900248ea3 | Qing_dynasty | The government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced the corvée system with ... | What did the Qing do to reform land ownership? | {
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57316283497a881900248ea5 | Qing_dynasty | The government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced the corvée system with ... | What was the Great Divergence? | {
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573162fbe6313a140071ceba | Qing_dynasty | By the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops China received from the America... | What was China's population at the end of the 18th century? | {
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5731639f497a881900248eb1 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu, a rhyme ... | What arts were the Qing emperors good at? | {
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5731639f497a881900248eb2 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu, a rhyme ... | What was the rhyme dictionary called that was published by Kangxi? | {
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5731639f497a881900248eb3 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu, a rhyme ... | When was the Kangxi Dictionary published? | {
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5731639f497a881900248eb4 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu, a rhyme ... | When was the Siku Quanshu finished? | {
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57316448e6313a140071ceca | Qing_dynasty | Yet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of the dynasty included s... | Name three painters? | {
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57316448e6313a140071cecc | Qing_dynasty | Yet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of the dynasty included s... | Name two arts of the Four Arts? | {
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57316532a5e9cc1400cdbf17 | Qing_dynasty | Literature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Ming dynasty) for its a... | What was the sign of a gentleman? | {
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573165efe6313a140071cee4 | Qing_dynasty | Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detail... | Who wrote the Suiyuan Shidan? | {
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573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcaf | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, ... | How many different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas? | {
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573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcb0 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, ... | What do many indigenous cultures still practice to different extends to this day? | {
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"te... | context-420_4_3.mp3 | context-420_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization, and subsistence practices. | Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization, and subsistence practices. | question-420_4_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What do many indigenous cultures still practice to different extends to this day? |
573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcb1 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, ... | What have some indigenous peoples managed to remain in relative isolation from? | {
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"... | context-420_4_5.mp3 | context-420_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples. | Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples. | question-420_4_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What have some indigenous peoples managed to remain in relative isolation from? |
573128b3497a881900248be5 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the... | How Paleo-Indians migrated to the Americas is still a matter for what type of research? | {
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} | context-420_5_0.mp3 | context-420_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. | question-420_5_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | How Paleo-Indians migrated to the Americas is still a matter for what type of research? |
573128b3497a881900248be6 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the... | When did humans inhabit North and South America's continents? | {
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"t... | context-420_5_1.mp3 | context-420_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. | According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. | question-420_5_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | When did humans inhabit North and South America's continents? |
573128b3497a881900248be7 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the... | What allowed people to move across Beringia to North America? | {
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"t... | context-420_5_2.mp3 | context-420_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the land bridge of Beringia that joined Siberia to north west North America (Alaska). | During the Wisconsin glaciation, fifty-seventeen thousand years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the land bridge of Beringia that joined Siberia to north west North America (Alaska). | question-420_5_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What allowed people to move across Beringia to North America? |
573128b3497a881900248be8 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the... | A small population could exist in Alaska because of it's lack of any significant what? | {
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"t... | context-420_5_3.mp3 | context-420_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Alaska was a glacial refugia because it had low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. | Alaska was a glacial refugia because it had low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. | question-420_5_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | A small population could exist in Alaska because of it's lack of any significant what? |
573128b3497a881900248be9 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the... | What confined the nomadic inhabitants to East Beringia for thousands of years? | {
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5731295f05b4da19006bce06 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing peop... | What do studies on the genetics of the first American inhabitants conclude about their ancestral population? | {
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5731295f05b4da19006bce07 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing peop... | Where did the single ancestral population of all the indigenous peoples of the Americas likely develop? | {
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5731295f05b4da19006bce08 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing peop... | How many years may the isolation of the peoples in Beringia lasted? | {
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"... | context-420_6_1.mp3 | context-420_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. | The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted ten-twenty thousand years. | question-420_6_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | How many years may the isolation of the peoples in Beringia lasted? |
5731295f05b4da19006bce09 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing peop... | When did the glaciers begin to melt? | {
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"te... | context-420_6_2.mp3 | context-420_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing people to move south and east into Canada and beyond. | Around sixteen thousand, five hundred years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing people to move south and east into Canada and beyond. | question-420_6_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | When did the glaciers begin to melt? |
5731295f05b4da19006bce0a | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing peop... | What did the people follow in the corridors between the ice sheets? | {
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"t... | context-420_6_3.mp3 | context-420_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets. | These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets. | question-420_6_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What did the people follow in the corridors between the ice sheets? |
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