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5732884d06a3a419008acad9 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | How does the mass of the moon compare to earth? | {
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5732884d06a3a419008acada | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What created a primordial atmosphere on earth? | {
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5732897457eb1f1400fd2d88 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | Powerful volcanism contributed to cause early earth to be in what state? | {
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5732897457eb1f1400fd2d8b | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | When water was creating the oceans what was happening to atmospheric water vapor? | {
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57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d90 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | During what time period was the Archean era? | {
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"t... | context-436_2_3.mp3 | context-436_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | This may have prevented cratonisation and continent formation until the mantle cooled and convection slowed down. | This may have prevented cratonisation and continent formation until the mantle cooled and convection slowed down. | question-436_2_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What might have a very hot earth stopped from occurring? |
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57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9a | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What are Archean rocks composed of, in general? | {
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57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9b | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks? | {
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57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9c | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | From where did high grade Archean rocks originate? | {
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57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9d | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally? | {
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57328b7c06a3a419008acae9 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | During what time period did the Proterozoic era occur? | {
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57328b7c06a3a419008acaea | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What era came before the Proterozoic era? | {
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57328b7c06a3a419008acaed | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What is the name for the large super continent that broke apart 750 million years ago? | {
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57328bf706a3a419008acaf3 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | During what period was the Paleozoic era? | {
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57328bf706a3a419008acaf4 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | How many periods of geology are within the Paleozoic era? | {
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57328bf706a3a419008acaf5 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | The Permian is an example of what? | {
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57328bf706a3a419008acaf6 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | After what continental event did the Paleozoic begin? | {
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57328bf706a3a419008acaf7 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | What continent was formed at the end of the Paleozoic? | {
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57328cb6b9988014000c766e | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | At what rough time did the Cambrian era start? | {
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57328cb6b9988014000c766f | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What were the continents of the Cambrian area believed to have formerly been a part of? | {
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57328cb6b9988014000c7670 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What continent moved to the southern-most part of the earth in the Cambrian era? | {
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57328cb6b9988014000c7672 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | Baltica and Sibera are examples of what thing, during the Cambrian era? | {
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57328db8b9988014000c7678 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | How long ago did the Ordovician period begin? | {
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57328db8b9988014000c7679 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | Which event precipitated the Ordovician period? | {
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... | context-436_8_3.mp3 | context-436_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | As the southern supercontinent Gondwana drifted over the South Pole, ice caps formed on it. | As the southern supercontinent Gondwana drifted over the South Pole, ice caps formed on it. | question-436_8_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What started to develop on Gondwana as it moved over the south pole? |
57328f64b9988014000c7682 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | When was the Silurian period believed to have begun? | {
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... | context-436_9_0.mp3 | context-436_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about four hundred forty-three point eight +- one point five Ma. | question-436_9_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | When was the Silurian period believed to have begun? |
57328f64b9988014000c7683 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | Compared to the Ordovician glaciation, how big were the ice caps on Gondwana during the Silurian? | {
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"... | context-436_9_1.mp3 | context-436_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. | During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. | question-436_9_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Compared to the Ordovician glaciation, how big were the ice caps on Gondwana during the Silurian? |
57328f64b9988014000c7684 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | What did the melting of ice on Gondwana add to? | {
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"... | context-436_9_2.mp3 | context-436_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The melting of ice caps and glaciers contributed to a rise in sea levels, recognizable from the fact that Silurian sediments overlie eroded Ordovician sediments, forming an unconformity. | The melting of ice caps and glaciers contributed to a rise in sea levels, recognizable from the fact that Silurian sediments overlie eroded Ordovician sediments, forming an unconformity. | question-436_9_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What did the melting of ice on Gondwana add to? |
57328f64b9988014000c7685 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | Which supercontinent formed during the Silurian? | {
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"te... | context-436_9_3.mp3 | context-436_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Other cratons and continent fragments drifted together near the equator, starting the formation of a second supercontinent known as Euramerica. | Other cratons and continent fragments drifted together near the equator, starting the formation of a second supercontinent known as Euramerica. | question-436_9_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Which supercontinent formed during the Silurian? |
57328f64b9988014000c7686 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | Which ocean ranged the majority of the northern hemisphere in the Silurian period? | {
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"te... | context-436_9_4.mp3 | context-436_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The vast ocean of Panthalassa covered most of the northern hemisphere. | The vast ocean of Panthalassa covered most of the northern hemisphere. | question-436_9_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Which ocean ranged the majority of the northern hemisphere in the Silurian period? |
573295af0d034c1900ab002b | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic ... | During what time period was the Devonian era? | {
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"419 to 359 Ma."... | context-436_10_0.mp3 | context-436_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. | The Devonian spanned roughly from four hundred nineteen to three hundred fifty-nine Ma. | question-436_10_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | During what time period was the Devonian era? |
573295af0d034c1900ab002c | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic ... | Which continent was formed from the meeting of Laurentia and Baltica? | {
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573295af0d034c1900ab002d | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic ... | Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period? | {
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"t... | context-436_10_3.mp3 | context-436_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | In these near-deserts, the Old Red Sandstone sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (hematite) characteristic of drought conditions. | In these near-deserts, the Old Red Sandstone sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (hematite) characteristic of drought conditions. | question-436_10_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period? |
573295af0d034c1900ab002f | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic ... | What was the largest ocean referred to that existed in the Devonian period? | {
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"te... | context-436_10_8.mp3 | context-436_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the "universal ocean") covered the rest of the planet. | The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the "universal ocean") covered the rest of the planet. | question-436_10_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What was the largest ocean referred to that existed in the Devonian period? |
573295af0d034c1900ab002e | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic ... | Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on Pangaea during the Devonian? | {
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"te... | context-436_10_4.mp3 | context-436_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Near the equator Pangaea began to consolidate from the plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. | Near the equator Pangaea began to consolidate from the plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. | question-436_10_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on Pangaea during the Devonian? |
573296cbb4fa5219003da0da | Geological_history_of_Earth | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if th... | What occurred to the level of the sea when the Devonian period was finished? | {
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... | context-436_11_0.mp3 | context-436_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. | question-436_11_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What occurred to the level of the sea when the Devonian period was finished? |
573296cbb4fa5219003da0db | Geological_history_of_Earth | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if th... | During which period were epicontinental seas created? | {
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... | context-436_11_0.mp3 | context-436_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. | question-436_11_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | During which period were epicontinental seas created? |
573296cbb4fa5219003da0dc | Geological_history_of_Earth | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if th... | What was on the land at 30 degrees latitude north in the carboniferous period? | {
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"te... | context-436_11_2.mp3 | context-436_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | These conditions apparently had little effect in the deep tropics, where lush coal swamps flourished within 30 degrees of the northernmost glaciers. | These conditions apparently had little effect in the deep tropics, where lush coal swamps flourished within thirty degrees of the northernmost glaciers. | question-436_11_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What was on the land at thirty degrees latitude north in the carboniferous period? |
573296cbb4fa5219003da0dd | Geological_history_of_Earth | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if th... | What was the result in the decline in sea level in the middle of the Carboniferous period? | {
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"t... | context-436_11_3.mp3 | context-436_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | A mid-Carboniferous drop in sea-level precipitated a major marine extinction, one that hit crinoids and ammonites especially hard. | A mid-Carboniferous drop in sea-level precipitated a major marine extinction, one that hit crinoids and ammonites especially hard. | question-436_11_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What was the result in the decline in sea level in the middle of the Carboniferous period? |
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"t... | context-436_11_4.mp3 | context-436_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | This sea-level drop and the associated unconformity in North America separate the Mississippian Period from the Pennsylvanian period. | This sea-level drop and the associated unconformity in North America separate the Mississippian Period from the Pennsylvanian period. | question-436_11_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The Pennsylvania period is separated by the drop in Carboniferous era sea levels from what other period? |
5732978b0342181400a20289 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted i... | What geologic events took place when Pangea combined during the Carboniferous? | {
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5732978b0342181400a2028a | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted i... | What was the continent that came to be North America and Europe called during the Carboniferous? | {
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5732978b0342181400a2028b | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted i... | What was the effect of Laurussia impacting Gondwana in North America? | {
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"te... | context-436_12_2.mp3 | context-436_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. | This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. | question-436_12_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What was the effect of Laurussia impacting Gondwana in North America? |
5732978b0342181400a2028c | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted i... | The mountains forming to the southwest of the Appalachians in the Carboniferous are known as what? | {
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"t... | context-436_12_2.mp3 | context-436_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. | This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains. | question-436_12_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The mountains forming to the southwest of the Appalachians in the Carboniferous are known as what? |
5732978b0342181400a2028d | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. This continental collision resulted i... | Which two large oceans existed during the Carboniferous period? | {
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"t... | context-436_12_4.mp3 | context-436_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys. | There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys. | question-436_12_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Which two large oceans existed during the Carboniferous period? |
57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1c | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the... | What supercontinent prevailed during the Permian era? | {
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57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1d | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the... | What was the largest ocean during the Permian called? | {
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57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1e | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the... | There was an ocean between Gondwana and Asia in the Permian, what was it? | {
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57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1f | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the... | The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys? | {
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"t... | context-436_13_2.mp3 | context-436_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. | The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. | question-436_13_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys? |
57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a20 | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the... | During which period was the Tehtys Ocean dominant? | {
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"te... | context-436_13_3.mp3 | context-436_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. | A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. | question-436_13_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | During which period was the Tehtys Ocean dominant? |
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a30 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in t... | Which ocean name is translated to mean "all the sea?" | {
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57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a31 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in t... | What process obscures information aboutt he ocean during the Triassic period from inspection? | {
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"t... | context-436_14_1.mp3 | context-436_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. | All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. | question-436_14_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What process obscures information aboutt he ocean during the Triassic period from inspection? |
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a32 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in t... | What was occurring to Pangaea in the late Triassic? | {
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57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a33 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in t... | Which sediements in the US are an indication of the break up of Pangaea? | {
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57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a34 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in t... | What type of terrestrial animals are found from the Triassic period? | {
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"t... | context-436_14_6.mp3 | context-436_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Thus Triassic stratigraphy is mostly based on organisms living in lagoons and hypersaline environments, such as Estheria crustaceans and terrestrial vertebrates. | Thus Triassic stratigraphy is mostly based on organisms living in lagoons and hypersaline environments, such as Estheria crustaceans and terrestrial vertebrates. | question-436_14_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What type of terrestrial animals are found from the Triassic period? |
5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3a | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. T... | During what years was the Jurassic period? | {
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5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3b | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. T... | Which supercontinent came apart in the Jurassic period? | {
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5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3c | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. T... | The Gulf of Mexico formed in the rift between North America and what other land mass? | {
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5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3d | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. T... | At what point did the South Atlantic ocean begin to open? | {
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"te... | context-436_15_2.mp3 | context-436_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The Jurassic North Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow, while the South Atlantic did not open until the following Cretaceous Period, when Gondwana itself rifted apart. | The Jurassic North Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow, while the South Atlantic did not open until the following Cretaceous Period, when Gondwana itself rifted apart. | question-436_15_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | At what point did the South Atlantic ocean begin to open? |
5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3e | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. T... | Which late Jurassic cultural sites are famous in Europe? | {
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... | context-436_15_6.mp3 | context-436_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The Jurassic geological record is good in western Europe, where extensive marine sequences indicate a time when much of the continent was submerged under shallow tropical seas; famous locales include the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site and the renowned late Jurassic lagerstätten of Holzmaden and Solnhofen. | The Jurassic geological record is good in western Europe, where extensive marine sequences indicate a time when much of the continent was submerged under shallow tropical seas; famous locales include the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site and the renowned late Jurassic lagerstatten of Holzmaden and Solnhofen. | question-436_15_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Which late Jurassic cultural sites are famous in Europe? |
5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a44 | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the Nort... | The current continents were formerly known as what continent? | {
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5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a45 | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the Nort... | Which oregenies followed the Nevadan in the Cretaceous? | {
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... | context-436_16_1.mp3 | context-436_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the North American Cordillera, as the Nevadan orogeny was followed by the Sevier and Laramide orogenies. | As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the North American Cordillera, as the Nevadan orogeny was followed by the Sevier and Laramide orogenies. | question-436_16_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Which oregenies followed the Nevadan in the Cretaceous? |
5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a46 | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the Nort... | South America was formerly which continent? | {
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5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a47 | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the Nort... | The rifting in the Cretaceous had what result on the oceans? | {
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"te... | context-436_16_3.mp3 | context-436_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Such active rifting lifted great undersea mountain chains along the welts, raising eustatic sea levels worldwide. | Such active rifting lifted great undersea mountain chains along the welts, raising eustatic sea levels worldwide. | question-436_16_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The rifting in the Cretaceous had what result on the oceans? |
5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a48 | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the Nort... | Antarctica was a part of what supercontinent? | {
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5732a253d6dcfa19001e8a4e | Geological_history_of_Earth | To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's pre... | During the height of the Cretaceous transgression how much of the earths land mass was under water? | {
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5732a253d6dcfa19001e8a4f | Geological_history_of_Earth | To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's pre... | What type of rock was the Cretaceous notable for forming the most amount of? | {
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"... | context-436_17_3.mp3 | context-436_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. | The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. | question-436_17_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What type of rock was the Cretaceous notable for forming the most amount of? |
5732a253d6dcfa19001e8a50 | Geological_history_of_Earth | To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's pre... | The Cretaceous is a part of which geologic era? | {
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"... | context-436_17_3.mp3 | context-436_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. | The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. | question-436_17_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The Cretaceous is a part of which geologic era? |
5732a253d6dcfa19001e8a51 | Geological_history_of_Earth | To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's pre... | Where can one find the Smoky Hill Chalk Member? | {
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5732a253d6dcfa19001e8a52 | Geological_history_of_Earth | To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's pre... | Where are the Deccan Traps? | {
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68... | context-436_17_8.mp3 | context-436_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | In the area that is now India, massive lava beds called the Deccan Traps were laid down in the very late Cretaceous and early Paleocene. | In the area that is now India, massive lava beds called the Deccan Traps were laid down in the very late Cretaceous and early Paleocene. | question-436_17_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Where are the Deccan Traps? |
5732a3dfcc179a14009dabc2 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australi... | How many years long was the Cenozoic Era? | {
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"66 million year... | context-436_18_0.mp3 | context-436_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. | The Cenozoic Era covers the sixty-six million years since the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. | question-436_18_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | How many years long was the Cenozoic Era? |
5732a3dfcc179a14009dabc3 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australi... | Which extinction marked the beginning of the Cenozoic Era? | {
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5732a3dfcc179a14009dabc4 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australi... | What geologic period are we in currently? | {
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... | context-436_18_0.mp3 | context-436_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. | The Cenozoic Era covers the sixty-six million years since the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. | question-436_18_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What geologic period are we in currently? |
5732a3dfcc179a14009dabc5 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australi... | At the end of which era had the continents taken roughly their current shape? | {
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"t... | context-436_18_1.mp3 | context-436_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. | By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. | question-436_18_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | At the end of which era had the continents taken roughly their current shape? |
5732a3dfcc179a14009dabc6 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australi... | The collision of the Indian sub continent and the Asian plate created which mountain range? | {
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"te... | context-436_18_3.mp3 | context-436_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. | This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. | question-436_18_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | The collision of the Indian sub continent and the Asian plate created which mountain range? |
5732a59d1d5d2e14009ff871 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia... | How many continents did Laurasia break into? | {
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"... | context-436_19_2.mp3 | context-436_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. | Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. | question-436_19_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | How many continents did Laurasia break into? |
5732a59d1d5d2e14009ff872 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia... | In the Paleocene period Greenland was joined to which continent? | {
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... | context-436_19_4.mp3 | context-436_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | North America and Asia were still intermittently joined by a land bridge, while Greenland and North America were beginning to separate. | North America and Asia were still intermittently joined by a land bridge, while Greenland and North America were beginning to separate. | question-436_19_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | In the Paleocene period Greenland was joined to which continent? |
5732a59d1d5d2e14009ff873 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia... | What mountain chain in the Cretaceous was lifted as a result of the Laramide oregeny? | {
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"te... | context-436_19_5.mp3 | context-436_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | The Laramide orogeny of the late Cretaceous continued to uplift the Rocky Mountains in the American west, which ended in the succeeding epoch. | The Laramide orogeny of the late Cretaceous continued to uplift the Rocky Mountains in the American west, which ended in the succeeding epoch. | question-436_19_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What mountain chain in the Cretaceous was lifted as a result of the Laramide oregeny? |
5732a59d1d5d2e14009ff874 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia... | In which period did North and South america join? | {
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"te... | context-436_19_6.mp3 | context-436_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | South and North America remained separated by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other. | South and North America remained separated by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other. | question-436_19_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | In which period did North and South america join? |
5732a59d1d5d2e14009ff875 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia... | Which ocean was closed when Africa moved northward during the Paleocene? | {
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"tex... | context-436_19_7.mp3 | context-436_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Africa was heading north toward Europe, slowly closing the Tethys Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation of the Himalayas. | Africa was heading north toward Europe, slowly closing the Tethys Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation of the Himalayas. | question-436_19_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Which ocean was closed when Africa moved northward during the Paleocene? |
5732a702328d981900601fdf | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and ke... | During what years did the Eocene period take place? | {
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"56 million years ... | context-436_20_0.mp3 | context-436_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. | During the Eocene (fifty-six million years ago - thirty-three point nine million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. | question-436_20_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | During what years did the Eocene period take place? |
5732a702328d981900601fe0 | Geological_history_of_Earth | During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and ke... | Australia was connected to which other continent at the start of the Eocene? | {
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