\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"8334567","text":"– 0:31 16. \"A Little Buzz\" – 2:46 17. \"Kids Didn't Change\" – 0:54 18. \"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\"","title":"What Did He Say?"},{"psg_id":"8334566","text":"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\" – 5:57 12. \"Sometimes I Laugh\" – 3:20 13. \"My Life\" – 4:45 14. \"The Sojourn of Arjuna\" – 6:29 15. \"Buzz Ntro\"","title":"What Did He Say?"},{"psg_id":"11856925","text":"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \"The Harpole Report\" and Edward","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"16918902","text":"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"11856928","text":"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"16918894","text":"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7347814","text":"What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode of \"Lost\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"3994147","text":"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"3934676","text":"regularly playing pitchers, including knuckleballers Phil Niekro and Hoyt Wilhelm, were older than Franco, and a few non-pitchers, like Minnie Miñoso and Jim O'Rourke, appeared as publicity stunts at old ages but did not play regularly.) On December 8, 2005, at age 47, Franco signed a two-year contract with the Mets. Franco had been the oldest player in the major leagues from 2004 to 2007, and was the last active player who was born in the 1950s. On April 20, 2006, pinch-hitting with one out in the eighth inning against the San Diego Padres, Franco hit a go-ahead two-run home","title":"Julio Franco"},{"psg_id":"18787754","text":"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"13594330","text":"although he did not play in the tournament. In total he recorded four appearances with the Canadian national U-20 team. A versatile player, Lalli is known for being an all-rounder, and can play as a forward or as an offensive midfielder on both the left or as right flanks. Lalli lives in Toronto and is fan of Roberto Baggio. Franco Lalli Franco Lalli (born March 11, 1985) is a Canadian former soccer player who most recently played for North York Astros in the Canadian Soccer League. Lalli began playing soccer at the youth level with the Woodbridge Strikers, Woodbridge Town","title":"Franco Lalli"},{"psg_id":"13049137","text":"that won the 2012 Categoría Primera A season leading to the final on penalties, where he scored one of the penalties in victory. In April 2013, Franco reached a remarkable 100th club career appearance. In June 2013, Franco signed a 5-year deal with Turkish giants Beşiktaş for a fee of €2.4 million. However, he did not play in any games for the Turkish side for several months, leading many to believe that would leave in the 2014 January transfer window. With no appearances in the league, Franco requested more playing time in order for potential spot in 2014 World Cup","title":"Pedro Franco"},{"psg_id":"11942399","text":"go on the roller coaster, that Charlie is too young to ride. At the end of the show, the audience finds out he is moving to Canada - for good. Although Charlie and Ted fight, the audience can feel the heart-wrenching moment between the two boys when Ted announces his move. The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Circle Repertory Company, running from February 6, 1983 to February 20, 1983. Directed by Joan Micklin Silver, the cast included Julie Bovasso as Anna Trumbul, Christine Estabrook as Elsie, and Robert Joy as Ted. \"What I Did Last Summer\"was recently produced by","title":"What I Did Last Summer"},{"psg_id":"8411139","text":"Merton of the Movies (1924 film) Merton of the Movies is a 1924 comedy film directed by James Cruze, written by Walter Woods, and starring Glenn Hunter and Viola Dana. It is based on the in the George S. Kaufman and Marc Connelly 1922 play of the same name, which in turn was based on Harry Leon Wilson's novel, also titled \"Merton of the Movies\". Glenn Hunter had originated the role of Merton Gill in the Broadway play and reprised his role in this film. Since the play had depended on funny dialogue, the movie (being silent) was opened up","title":"Merton of the Movies (1924 film)"},{"psg_id":"4099712","text":"April 2013 from natural causes, aged 82. Franco sometimes worked under various pseudonyms, including David Khune and Frank Hollmann. A fan of jazz music (and a musician himself), many of his pseudonyms were taken from jazz musicians such as Clifford Brown and James P. Johnson. Franco's themes often revolved around lesbian vampires, women in prison, surgical horror, sadomasochism, zombies and sexploitation (including several films based on the writings of the Marquis de Sade). He worked in other exploitation film genres, such as cannibal films, spy films, giallo, crime films, science fiction, jungle adventure, Oriental menace, exorcist films, war movies, historical","title":"Jesús Franco"},{"psg_id":"4668764","text":"DVD in 2012. Since 2012, Franco has served as a lecturer at UCLA teaching classes in the School of Theater, Film and Television. In September 2012, Franco announced the release of his band Daddy's first single \"Love in the Old Days\" and their first EP \"MotorCity.\" On March 8, 2013, Franco received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6838 Hollywood Boulevard. On July 9, 2013, Franco announced that he would be the featured roastee on the next \"Comedy Central Roast\". The roast aired on September 2, 2013. In February 2014, Franco wrote an article in \"The","title":"James Franco"},{"psg_id":"4668784","text":"status as an actor. In September 2012, Santana filed a lawsuit against Franco for defamation seeking unspecified damages. In September 2013, Franco and Santana settled the defamation lawsuit. \"The matter has been resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties\", said Santana's attorney Matthew Blit. Franco defended himself when he was on the \"Howard Stern Show\", stating that he had spoken with the professor before the semester began on how he would have to miss most classes to film \"127 Hours\", in which they had settled on Franco receiving a \"D\" in the course together. Franco has taught at USC,","title":"James Franco"},{"psg_id":"12306941","text":"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \"What They Like, Inc.\", other sites","title":"What They Play"},{"psg_id":"4668761","text":"gig at an interview for \"Playboy.\" There he said he told a producer, \"I don't know why you hired me, because you haven't given me anything. I just don't think this stuff's going to be good\". He also said he felt \"kind of trapped in that material\" and that there was \"no way out\". He also admitted to a post-ceremony fight on Twitter with longtime Oscars writer Bruce Vilanch. When Vilanch intimated that the busy actor appeared less than fully committed to the job, Franco posted a photo of the two of them together graffiti-ed saying \"James Fucked up the","title":"James Franco"},{"psg_id":"4099713","text":"dramas and nunsploitation. His sex movies often contained long, uninterrupted shots of nude women writhing around on beds. Most of his hardcore films starred his lifelong companion Lina Romay, who admitted in interviews to being an exhibitionist. Franco was known for his use of a hand-held camera and zoom shots, which he felt lent realism to his films. He also was not averse to filming several movies at the same time, knocking together a second feature on the unsuspecting producer's dime. Many of his actors only found out years after the fact that Franco had actually starred them in films","title":"Jesús Franco"},{"psg_id":"7263691","text":"2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \"I Saw What You Did\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was","title":"I Saw What You Did"},{"psg_id":"10149533","text":"You Know What You Did \"You Know What You Did\" is the first episode of the third season of \"The Hills\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \"You Know What You Did\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"20643107","text":"the franchise would not have any inventions of the Lois Duncan novel (the antagonist being a central character) nor the 1997 feature (the fisherman Ben Willis and four primary protagonists Julie James, Helen Shivers, Barry Cox, and Ray Bronson). Further, the new direction and scope of the film necessitates an estimated budget of $15–20 million. Sony also states that the film is a high priority and is set for a release somewhere until 2020. I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series) I Know What You Did Last Summer is an American horror film series, based on the novel","title":"I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series)"},{"psg_id":"20643105","text":"I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series) I Know What You Did Last Summer is an American horror film series, based on the novel of the same name by Lois Duncan. The series consists of three films. After an accident on a winding road, four teens make the fatal mistake of dumping their victim's body into the sea. But exactly one year later, the dead man returns from his watery grave and he's looking for more than an apology. The murderous fisherman with a hook is back to once again stalk the two surviving teens, Julie James and","title":"I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series)"},{"psg_id":"14645510","text":"of God \"\". In order to avoid such a propaganda, the bishop ordered to empty the courtroom of outsiders. Catholic officials accused Franco of a conspiracy to kill the Queen, the royal prince or the bishop. Even after torture Franco did not confess to such a conspiracy. Many Polish–Lithuanian Protestant noblemen stood up in Franco's defence, but Calvinist magnates Radziwiłł did not support him because of his low descent. Franco's case was referred to the Pope, and Piotr Skarga personally interfered to obtain a death sentence. Franco could have saved his life by converting to Catholicism, but he refused. According","title":"Franco de Franco"},{"psg_id":"14645512","text":"broke out in Vilnius, during which the Calvinist church was plundered and burnt, and one minister was killed. Franco's case fired up religious disputes and worsened the situation of Protestants in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Numerous pleas of Protestant gentry to the King and the Sejm brought no result – the gentry did not manage to pass a bill against riots. Afterwards, Franco was forgotten in Poland, but West-European Protestants (e.g. David Pareus), and Polish Brethren (e.g. Andrzej Lubieniecki), who stigmatized the Counter-Reformation, wrote about him. Franco de Franco Franco de Franco (circa 1585 in Corulani – June 30,","title":"Franco de Franco"},{"psg_id":"18787753","text":"What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \"Change\". The song reached number 22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"17542106","text":"live. The film is being distributed by MVD Entertainment, and was released on DVD in November 2012. It is also available on iTunes, Hulu, and Video-on-Demand. Writing in Punk News, John Gentile said, \"The wilder songs, like 'Audiowhore' where bassist Matt Gentling just gets completely down, stomping around like a T-rex, are nearly berserk, with the band approaching a Stooges-type thrash. 'What Did You Expect?' could pass for Fugazi's wilder side. Gentling just goes nuts on the bass, which is wild. Likewise, the mid-tempo songs like \"Freezing Point\" have an inherent urgency.\" What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You","title":"What Did You Expect? (film)"},{"psg_id":"16049220","text":"What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \"The Hunter\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \"The Hunter\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"4668739","text":"has enough of political life\". For his performance in the film, Franco won the Independent Spirit Award in the category for Best Supporting Actor. In late 2009 he joined the cast of the daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\" on a recurring basis. He plays Franco, a multimedia artist much like himself, who comes to Port Charles to do an art exhibition and becomes obsessed with Jason Morgan (Steve Burton). Franco has called his \"General Hospital\" role performance art. Franco began 2010 by making an appearance on the sitcom \"30 Rock\" where he played himself and carried on a fake romance","title":"James Franco"},{"psg_id":"4668773","text":"screenshots of alleged messages between her and Franco on Instagram. The messages showed that Franco, who was 35 at the time, tried to meet her in a hotel room after she told him she was 17. Franco sent multiple pictures of himself to prove his real identity. Franco admitted on \"Live! With Kelly and Michael\" that he had written the messages. His actions were legal (the age of consent in New York is seventeen) but he was criticized by the media because of the wide age gap. He initially responded to the scandal with the tweet, \"I HOPE PARENTS KEEP","title":"James Franco"},{"psg_id":"16049221","text":"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"4668771","text":"been a subject of discussion in media sources, relentlessly questioning if he himself is gay. In response to questions regarding his sexuality, he insists he finds plenty more dimensions to the characters than their bedroom proclivities. \"Or, you know what,\" he quipped, \"maybe I'm just gay.\" In a March 2015 interview with \"Four Two Nine\" magazine, Franco again opened up about his sexuality, commenting that it is not who you have sex with that defines your sexuality, but instead how you act. \"In the twenties and thirties, they used to define homosexuality by how you acted and not by whom","title":"James Franco"},{"psg_id":"13686288","text":"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought","title":"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?"},{"psg_id":"4668752","text":"portrayal of Wiseau gained near-universal praise. His performance won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. At the end of 2017, Franco, almost 40, said he was slowing down to focus on himself. He was having something of a moment, with two Golden Globe nominations and some Oscar buzz, to which he has said he brought a new perspective: \"Hard work does pay off, but what I didn't realize is you need balance, and you cannot make your happiness contingent on your work, or anything outside of you for that matter, right? It's gotta","title":"James Franco"},{"psg_id":"17338140","text":"What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and","title":"What Did I Do to You?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668728\",\n \"text\": \"and the bongos. To have a greater understanding of Dean, Franco spent hours with two of Dean's associates. Other research included reading books on Dean and studying his movies. While filming \\\"James Dean\\\", the actor, to get into character, cut off communication with his family and friends, as well as his then-girlfriend. \\\"It was a very lonely existence,\\\" he notes. \\\"If I wasn't on a set, I was watching James Dean. That was my whole thinking. James Dean. James Dean.\\\" Despite already being a fan of Dean, Franco feared he might be typecast if he'd captured the actor too convincingly.\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20771858\",\n \"text\": \"Movies (Franco Ambrosetti album) Movies is an album by the flugelhornist and composer Franco Ambrosetti which was recorded in 1986 and released on the Enja label the following year. The album includes music from \\\"Porgy and Bess\\\", \\\"yellow Submarine\\\", \\\"Round Midnight\\\", \\\"Star Spangled Rhythm\\\", \\\"Lady Sings the Blues\\\", \\\"The Magnificent Seven\\\", \\\"The Blue Angel\\\", and one of Ambrosetti's own compositions for the film \\\"Die Reise\\\". The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow stated \\\"When one considers the repertoire -- eight songs from movies ... this recording may not seem to have much potential. But actually, the set list includes four well-known\",\n \"title\": \"Movies (Franco Ambrosetti album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20771859\",\n \"text\": \"standards and all of the music is transformed into creative and consistently exciting jazz ... and the performances are generally quite memorable. Recommended\\\". Movies (Franco Ambrosetti album) Movies is an album by the flugelhornist and composer Franco Ambrosetti which was recorded in 1986 and released on the Enja label the following year. The album includes music from \\\"Porgy and Bess\\\", \\\"yellow Submarine\\\", \\\"Round Midnight\\\", \\\"Star Spangled Rhythm\\\", \\\"Lady Sings the Blues\\\", \\\"The Magnificent Seven\\\", \\\"The Blue Angel\\\", and one of Ambrosetti's own compositions for the film \\\"Die Reise\\\". The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow stated \\\"When one considers the repertoire\",\n \"title\": \"Movies (Franco Ambrosetti album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668754\",\n \"text\": \"the museum based on his experiences on the soap opera. In 2008, Franco was named as the face of Gucci's men's fragrance line. His short films as director \\\"The Feast of Stephen\\\" and \\\"Herbert White\\\" were both presented within Maryland Film Festival in May 2010. Another of his short movies, \\\"The Clerk's Tale\\\", was screened in competition at the Hamptons Film Festival at the end of 2010. In June 2010, James Franco presented his first solo exhibition, \\\"The Dangerous Book Four Boys\\\", presented at The Clocktower Gallery in New York City. Curated by Alanna Heiss, the show featured video, drawings,\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668783\",\n \"text\": \"With him, it was always James Joyce or something\\\". In an interview with \\\"Showbiz411\\\", on September 23, 2010, Franco made the erroneous public announcement that he received a \\\"D\\\" grade in \\\"Acting\\\" class at the NYU Graduate Film School. It was in fact a \\\"Directing the Actor\\\" class. Franco admitted to missing most of his classes that semester. A professor at New York University, José Angel Santana, alleged that Franco did not earn his grades while attending that school, stating that Franco missed over 80% of his classes and only received high marks and a degree because of his celebrity\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668781\",\n \"text\": \"around people who are interested in what I'm interested in and I'm having a great experience ... I'm studying things that I love so it's not like it's a chore\\\", he told \\\"The Washington Post\\\", according to a \\\"New York Magazine\\\" article. Franco has also credited his education for helping him \\\"take acting seriously\\\" when his parents did not see it as a successful post-college career. Franco developed an aptitude for art—painting in particular—during his high school years while attending the California State Summer School for the Arts (CSSSA). Franco has said painting was the \\\"outlet\\\" he needed in high\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306939\",\n \"text\": \"What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites featuring books, movies and music followed. The site was launched in 2007 by two former Ziff Davis members Ira Becker, executive vice-president of the Game Group, and ex-1UP.com writer and Senior vice-president of the Game Group John Davison. Davison announced his departure from Ziff in August 2007, with Becker's announcement soon following. The two\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668775\",\n \"text\": \"with James Franco, citing the allegations. On January 10, Franco said on \\\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\\\" that the accusations were \\\"not accurate.\\\" On January 11, the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" reported five additional women were accusing James Franco of inappropriate or sexually exploitative behavior while serving as their acting teacher. One former student stated that Franco \\\"would always make everybody think there were possible roles on the table if we were to perform sexual acts or take off our shirts\\\" in his projects. Another alleged that Franco held a sex scenes class and removed students' vaginal guards while simulating\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668767\",\n \"text\": \"'Hey, look at me. I want attention'. I'm not going to school to get articles written about me. I'm just going to school. But the fact that I'm going to school or that someone takes a picture of me sleeping is like, 'We're gonna jump on that and criticize him for his antics'. What antics? I write. I make movies. I'm going to school. I hosted the Oscars. I take these projects seriously. Franco has deliberately garnered a reputation for publishing \\\"selfies\\\" (self-shot photos of oneself, alone or with others) and wrote an explanatory article for \\\"The New York Times\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578096\",\n \"text\": \"in her bedroom, makes the best of things and waits, hoping to outgrow her injury. There is no physical therapy – instead Katy is warned to avoid too much movement lest she \\\"set herself back\\\". Cousin Helen manages to travel a little, and even goes for a hydrotherapy water cure at one point, but it is made clear that she has no hope of ever walking again. Two TV movies and a brief TV series have been based on \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The most recent film (1999) starred Alison Pill as Katy, with Megan Follows as Cousin Helen, Michael Cera\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18345438\",\n \"text\": \"Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. TV shows on Google Play are only available in Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. Google Movies was launched in May 2011 and rebranded under the \\\"Google Play\\\" banner in March 2012. Availability of movies was introduced in Korea in September 2012, movies in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, and Spain in October 2012, movies in Brazil and Russia in December 2012, movies in India and Mexico in March 2013, TV shows in the United Kingdom in July\",\n \"title\": \"Google Play Movies & TV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13633202\",\n \"text\": \"ends. In his book \\\"Nightmare Movies: Horror on Screen Since the 1960s\\\", Kim Newman argues that \\\"I Saw What You Did\\\" was responsible for the eventual creation of Dark Castle Entertainment, a production company that created remakes of horror films. In \\\"Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography\\\", Lawrence J. Quirk and William Schoell refer to the film as \\\"abysmall\\\" and consider it inferior to the original. Similarly, in his book \\\"Movie and Video Guide 1993\\\", film critic Leonard Maltin refers to the film as \\\"bland\\\", compared to the original. I Saw What You Did (1988 film) I Saw What You Did\",\n \"title\": \"I Saw What You Did (1988 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668735\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Camille\\\", a dark fantasy dramedy about a young newlywed couple and \\\"Interview\\\", where he appears in a voice only role, both 2007 movies that were ignored by audiences and critics alike. Among his other 2007 projects were \\\"Good Time Max\\\", which Franco wrote, directed and starred in. The movie premiered at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival and tells the story of two talented brothers who take very diverse paths in life, one going on to become a doctor whilst the other sibling (Franco) experiences unemployment and uses drugs. The actor chose to cast himself in that role because, \\\"It was\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856927\",\n \"text\": \"postage mistakenly on the cost of sending a Penguin paperback, and \\\"What Hetty Did\\\" was printed on superior paper with card covers, so it was heavier than expected and he lost money on postage. However the book sold well at £3.95 a copy and he soon had another 3,000 copies printed. The novel is still published by The Quince Tree Press. The book is notable for the fact that he gave his name as James Carr on the spine and J.L. Carr on the front. Carr was christened Joseph Lloyd and adopted the name 'Jim' or even 'James' in his\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668758\",\n \"text\": \"the former sitcom, at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival. Franco reunited with \\\"Milk\\\" director Van Sant to make \\\"Unfinished\\\", a project that features two movies: \\\"Endless Idaho\\\" and \\\"My Own Private River\\\". \\\"Endless Idaho\\\" showcases edited outtakes, deleted scenes and behind-the-scenes footage from the 1991 movie \\\"My Own Private Idaho\\\", while \\\"My Own Private River\\\" focuses on the late actor River Phoenix. The idea for the exhibition was conceived after Van Sant introduced unused footage from the 1991 film to Franco, inspiring him to turn it into something more. \\\"Unfinished\\\" opened from February 26 to April 9 at the Gagosian\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668741\",\n \"text\": \"on Ralston trying to free his hand after it became trapped under a boulder in a ravine while canyoneering alone in Utah and resorting to desperate measures in order to survive, eventually amputating his arm. During the five-week, 12-hours-per-day shoot, Franco would only leave the gully set to use the lavatory and would read books such as academic textbooks to keep busy. Franco later called making \\\"127 Hours\\\" a once-in-a-lifetime experience. To date, \\\"127 Hours\\\" is one of his most well-reviewed movies and was also a commercial success, earning $60.7 million against an $18 million budget. His performance earned him\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8001773\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake Sherwood Ranch in Thousand Hills, 40 miles northwest of Hollywood. In what had been a cow pasture, designer Fernando Carrere fabricated a storybook Sicilian village which added $800,000 to the production's already elevated $5.5 million budget. Captain Lionel Cash (Dick Shawn), a staff officer under General Max Bolt (Carroll O'Connor),\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18345433\",\n \"text\": \"Google Play Movies & TV Google Play Movies & TV is an online video on demand service operated by Google. The service offers movies and television shows for purchase or rental, depending on availability. Google claims that most content is available in high definition, and a 4K Ultra HD video option was offered for select titles starting in December 2016. Content can be watched on the Google Play website, through an extension for the Google Chrome web browser, or through the mobile app available for Android and iOS devices. Offline download is supported through the mobile app and on Chromebook\",\n \"title\": \"Google Play Movies & TV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668769\",\n \"text\": \"his brother, Dave, together as number two on its list of 50 talented and attractive Jewish men. In 2013, Franco was featured as the cover model and featured focus in the men's magazine \\\"Man of the World\\\". In other forms of media, a Chicago-based theater company, Under the Gun Theater, developed a show inspired by and titled after Franco. The 2015 production of \\\"Dear James Franco\\\" used, parodied and deconstructed letters penned to or by celebrities. The performances used improvisation to satirize their subject matter. Franco has described himself as Jewish; regarding his secular upbringing, he told \\\"The Guardian\\\" that\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18345439\",\n \"text\": \"2013, movies in Italy in November 2013, a major expansion of movies in 13 new countries in December 2013 and 38 new countries in March 2014, movies in Belgium, Philippines, Switzerland, and Uganda in May 2014, movies in Ireland in July 2014, movies in Austria in September 2014, movies in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, Hungary, Iceland, Macedonia, Malta, Slovenia, Taiwan, and Ukraine in November 2014, movies in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore in July 2015, movies in Turkey in March 2016, and movies in Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam in November 2016. Google Play\",\n \"title\": \"Google Play Movies & TV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18345435\",\n \"text\": \"of release. Rented content has an expiration time, listed on the content's detail page. On computers, content can be watched on a dedicated Movies & TV section of the Google Play website, or through the Google Play Movies & TV Google Chrome web browser extension. On smartphones and tablets running the Android or iOS mobile operating systems, content can be watched on the Google Play Movies & TV mobile app. Offline download and viewing is supported on Chromebooks through the Chrome extension, and on Android and iOS through the mobile app. Computers running Microsoft Windows and Apple macOS operating systems\",\n \"title\": \"Google Play Movies & TV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668768\",\n \"text\": \"in December 2013. Franco writes: But a well-stocked collection of selfies seems to get attention. And attention seems to be the name of the game when it comes to social networking. In this age of too much information at a click of a button, the power to attract viewers amid the sea of things to read and watch is power indeed. It's what the movie studios want for their products, it's what professional writers want for their work, it's what newspapers want — hell, it's what everyone wants: attention. Attention is power. In April 2012, \\\"Shalom Life\\\" ranked Franco and\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994150\",\n \"text\": \"the band signed a deal with new label Modernist Movement. The album \\\"Atlas Drugged\\\" was released on February 9, 2010 via Modernist Movement Recordings. Atlas Drugged was also produced by Brian Virtue. Decibel magazine referred to the band in a review of Atlas Drugged, \\\"Look What I Did crush on political philosophers, put Latin words in their song titles and generally get off on being a bunch of wiseasses to spazzed-out Adderall punk.\\\". The album title is play on Ayn Rand's 1957 novel 'Atlas Shrugged' In 2013, Look What I Did began revealing songs set to be released on their\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18345434\",\n \"text\": \"devices. A variety of options exist for watching content on a television. Google Play Movies & TV offers movies and television shows for purchase or rental, depending on availability. Google states that \\\"Most movies and TV shows on Google Play are available in high definition\\\", with a resolution of 1,280×720 pixels (720p) or 1,920×1,080 pixels (1080p). Google added a 4K Ultra HD video option for select titles in December 2016, and began offering content in 4K HDR quality in the United States and Canada in July 2017. Users can pre-order select content to have it delivered automatically at the time\",\n \"title\": \"Google Play Movies & TV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8001782\",\n \"text\": \"shelved when, during the scene where Captain Cash visits Charlie Company at their chow line, he holds out his hand and one of the GI mess orderly's ladles beans into the captain's hand. The score is by Henry Mancini. It includes \\\"The Swing March\\\" and \\\"In the Arms of Love\\\". What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20028215\",\n \"text\": \"best plays about Hollywood. The play (rather than the novel) was used as the basis for the 1924 silent film \\\"Merton of the Movies\\\" in which Glenn Hunter reprised his Broadway role. Merton of the Movies (play) Merton of the Movies is a 1922 satirical comedy play by George S. Kaufmann and Marc Connelly. It was adapted from the novel of the same name. The play, a satire of the film industry, follows Merton Gill, a store clerk who dreams of being a movie star. He saves his small salary and (having studied acting via correspondence school) goes to Hollywood\",\n \"title\": \"Merton of the Movies (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668721\",\n \"text\": \"Simon-created HBO drama \\\"The Deuce\\\" (2017–present). Franco volunteers for the Art of Elysium charity, and has taught film classes at New York University, the University of Southern California, UCLA, Studio 4, Palo Alto High School, and Playhouse West. James Edward Franco was born in Palo Alto, California on April 19, 1978. His mother, Betsy Lou (\\\"née\\\" Verne), is a writer and occasional actress, and his father, Douglas Eugene \\\"Doug\\\" Franco, ran a Silicon Valley business. His father was of Portuguese (from Madeira) and Swedish ancestry, while his mother is Jewish, from a family of Russian Jewish descent. His maternal grandfather,\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668774\",\n \"text\": \"THEIR TEENS AWAY FROM ME. Thank you.\\\" He later stated he was \\\"embarrassed\\\" and \\\"I learned my lesson.\\\" At the 2018 Golden Globes, Franco wore a Time's Up pin in solidarity with the #MeToo movement, to protest harassment against women. Franco's pin drew criticism on social media from actress Ally Sheedy, who hinted she had quit acting after working with Franco in a play. A former girlfriend, Violet Paley, also alleged that Franco once forced her to give him oral sex in a car while they were dating. On January 9, 2018, \\\"The New York Times\\\" canceled a planned event\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2833721\",\n \"text\": \"two actors churn out at least ten films, working at a pace unimaginable today. In fact, because these days very fast film products are among the best. And unfortunately the criticism then he cut down every film of Franco and Ciccio coming out to the movies, calling it useless and meaningless pecoreccio comedian. However, the popular success of films of Franco and Ciccio was huge and always has been until now in Italy and also in foreign countries.<br>The specialty of the many films of Franco and Ciccio is improvisation during the scenes, as did Toto and De Filippo, but also\",\n \"title\": \"Franco Franchi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942400\",\n \"text\": \"Retro Productions in New York City at the Spoon Theater. This production was attended and praised by A.R. Gurney and his extended family, and directed by Ric Sechrest. A professional revival was staged in Houston, Texas in 2003, directed by Kelley Williams. The Cast was as follows (2003): Charlie: (In alternating performances): Giddony Sanchez/ Shawn Anthony Anderson; Anna Trumbull: Sarah Douchez; Elsie: Jade Prudent; Grace: Elizabeth Keel; Bonny: Genieva Croley; Ted: John Ruiz. What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18345436\",\n \"text\": \"cannot download content. In order to view content on a television, users can either connect their computer to a TV with an HDMI cable, use the Google Play Movies & TV app available for select smart TVs from LG and Samsung as well as Roku devices, stream content through the Chromecast dongle, or through Android TV. Movies on Google Play are available in over 110 countries. The full country list includes: Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa\",\n \"title\": \"Google Play Movies & TV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942392\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on the shores of Lake Erie, the time 1945, during the final stages of World War II. Charlie, an incipiently rebellious fourteen-year-old, is summering with his mother and sister (his father is fighting in the Pacific) before going off to an expensive boarding school in the fall. Although he intended to spend the summer loafing and socializing with his friends (such as Ted), the need for spending money forces him to take a job\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14085915\",\n \"text\": \"Logan of \\\"TV Guide\\\" called Franco's fascination of Jason an \\\"ongoing man-crush.\\\" James Franco explained to \\\"TV Guide\\\": \\\"Jason is a master assassin who's murdered a lot of people and gotten away with it, which is very attractive to Franco. He likes that danger. (Long thoughtful pause) There's an underlying sexiness to that...if \\\"that's\\\" what you're getting at. Yes, there's a underlying sexiness to that connection.\\\" In May 2013, Roger Howarth returned to \\\"General Hospital\\\" as Franco, essentially recasting James Franco's original character. Previous scenes were re-shot, to show Howarth's likeness instead of James Franco's. This also marks the first\",\n \"title\": \"Franco (General Hospital)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668787\",\n \"text\": \"the Spirit of Elysium accolade. On March 31, 2011, the actor took part in \\\"An Evening with James Franco\\\", a Washington D.C. dinner benefit for 826DC, a non-profit foundation created to help neighborhood students reach their goals, as well as provide after-school literature programs and workshops that encourage them to improve their writing skills. Franco became involved with Dave Eggers' 826 National after Eggers asked him to do a conceptual idea for the program, and he directed a documentary for them and has since been a supporter of them. At the event, he spoke about how he thought schools needed\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668720\",\n \"text\": \"for his collaborations with fellow actor Seth Rogen, having appeared in eight films and one television series with him. Franco is also known for his work on television; his first prominent acting role was the character Daniel Desario on the short-lived ensemble comedy-drama \\\"Freaks and Geeks\\\" (1999–2000), which developed a cult following. He portrayed the title character in the television biographical film \\\"James Dean\\\" (2001), for which he won a Golden Globe Award. Franco had a recurring role on the daytime soap opera \\\"General Hospital\\\" (2009–2012) and starred in the limited series \\\"11.22.63\\\" (2016). He currently stars in the David\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668726\",\n \"text\": \"roles on television shows but his first break came in 1999, after he was cast in a leading role on the short-lived but well-reviewed NBC television series \\\"Freaks and Geeks\\\", which ran for 18 episodes and was canceled due to low viewership. Later, the show became a cult hit among audiences. He has since described the series as \\\"one of the most fun\\\" work experiences that he has had. In another interview, Franco said: \\\"When we were doing \\\"Freaks and Geeks\\\", I didn't quite understand how movies and TV worked, and I would improvise even if the camera wasn't on\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20028212\",\n \"text\": \"Merton of the Movies (play) Merton of the Movies is a 1922 satirical comedy play by George S. Kaufmann and Marc Connelly. It was adapted from the novel of the same name. The play, a satire of the film industry, follows Merton Gill, a store clerk who dreams of being a movie star. He saves his small salary and (having studied acting via correspondence school) goes to Hollywood to haunt casting offices. He is befriended by Flips, a stuntwoman. Gills gets a part as an extra, but his appearance is a disaster. But Flips notes that Gill has an uncanny\",\n \"title\": \"Merton of the Movies (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"541510\",\n \"text\": \"Franco Zeffirelli Franco Zeffirelli, (; born 12 February 1923) is an Italian director and producer of operas, films and television. He is also a former senator (1994–2001) for the Italian centre-right \\\"Forza Italia\\\" party. Some of his operatic designs and productions have become worldwide classics. He is also known for several of the movies he has directed, especially the 1968 version of \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", for which he received an Academy Award nomination. His 1967 version of \\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\" with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton remains the best-known film adaptation of that play as well. His miniseries\",\n \"title\": \"Franco Zeffirelli\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3135881\",\n \"text\": \"of the first film. Callaway's script was published in an edited \\\"young adult\\\" format, leaving in all descriptions of violence but omitting the harsher language. Filming took place in Mexico and California. \\\"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" was released to negative reviews, but was a box office success, grossing $84 million worldwide. It is the second installment of \\\"I Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" series and was followed by \\\"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" in 2006. One year after the events of the first film, in 1998, Julie James is attending summer classes\",\n \"title\": \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11211127\",\n \"text\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer (novel) I Know What You Did Last Summer (1973) is a suspense novel for young adults by Lois Duncan. It was later adapted into the film of the same name. In an unnamed town, high-school senior Julie James receives a sinister note from an elusive stalker telling her, \\\"I know what you did last summer.\\\" The note refers to events of the previous year, when Julie, her boyfriend Ray Bronson, Ray's best friend Barry Cox, and Barry's girlfriend and Julie's best friend Helen Rivers accidentally ran over and killed a young boy named\",\n \"title\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14085913\",\n \"text\": \"the 83rd Academy Awards. Franco returned for a longterm stint on September 20, 2011 that aired until January 13, 2012. James Franco recalled first approaching \\\"General Hospital\\\" to \\\"The New Yorker\\\": \\\"I wanted their full treatment, so all I said was that I wanted to be an artist and I wanted my character to be crazy.\\\" Franco's friend and colleague Carter, a conceptual artist who Franco was collaborating with on the film \\\"Maladies\\\", had suggested that Franco take a soap opera role and play an artist. They would use the material in the film, where Franco plays a former soap\",\n \"title\": \"Franco (General Hospital)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9282065\",\n \"text\": \"and had sent in self-made tapes\\\". Five hundred actors auditioned, and James Franco was ultimately cast as James Dean in May 2000. Franco acknowledged he was cautious of taking the role over fear of typecasting. Franco did extensive research for his role. He went from being a non-smoker to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day, but has since quit the habit. He learned how to ride a motorcycle, play guitar, as well as the conga and bongo drums. The actor also carefully studied Dean's mannerisms by watching his three films (\\\"East of Eden\\\", \\\"Rebel Without a Cause\\\" and \\\"Giant\\\").\",\n \"title\": \"James Dean (2001 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753826\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Definitive Collection\\\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \\\"Paper Lace\\\". I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994152\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334567\",\n \"text\": \"– 0:31 16. \\\"A Little Buzz\\\" – 2:46 17. \\\"Kids Didn't Change\\\" – 0:54 18. \\\"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\\\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334566\",\n \"text\": \"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\" – 5:57 12. \\\"Sometimes I Laugh\\\" – 3:20 13. \\\"My Life\\\" – 4:45 14. \\\"The Sojourn of Arjuna\\\" – 6:29 15. \\\"Buzz Ntro\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856925\",\n \"text\": \"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \\\"The Harpole Report\\\" and Edward\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918902\",\n \"text\": \"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856928\",\n \"text\": \"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918894\",\n \"text\": \"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347814\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode of \\\"Lost\\\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994147\",\n \"text\": \"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \\\"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\\\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3934676\",\n \"text\": \"regularly playing pitchers, including knuckleballers Phil Niekro and Hoyt Wilhelm, were older than Franco, and a few non-pitchers, like Minnie Miñoso and Jim O'Rourke, appeared as publicity stunts at old ages but did not play regularly.) On December 8, 2005, at age 47, Franco signed a two-year contract with the Mets. Franco had been the oldest player in the major leagues from 2004 to 2007, and was the last active player who was born in the 1950s. On April 20, 2006, pinch-hitting with one out in the eighth inning against the San Diego Padres, Franco hit a go-ahead two-run home\",\n \"title\": \"Julio Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787754\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13594330\",\n \"text\": \"although he did not play in the tournament. In total he recorded four appearances with the Canadian national U-20 team. A versatile player, Lalli is known for being an all-rounder, and can play as a forward or as an offensive midfielder on both the left or as right flanks. Lalli lives in Toronto and is fan of Roberto Baggio. Franco Lalli Franco Lalli (born March 11, 1985) is a Canadian former soccer player who most recently played for North York Astros in the Canadian Soccer League. Lalli began playing soccer at the youth level with the Woodbridge Strikers, Woodbridge Town\",\n \"title\": \"Franco Lalli\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13049137\",\n \"text\": \"that won the 2012 Categoría Primera A season leading to the final on penalties, where he scored one of the penalties in victory. In April 2013, Franco reached a remarkable 100th club career appearance. In June 2013, Franco signed a 5-year deal with Turkish giants Beşiktaş for a fee of €2.4 million. However, he did not play in any games for the Turkish side for several months, leading many to believe that would leave in the 2014 January transfer window. With no appearances in the league, Franco requested more playing time in order for potential spot in 2014 World Cup\",\n \"title\": \"Pedro Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942399\",\n \"text\": \"go on the roller coaster, that Charlie is too young to ride. At the end of the show, the audience finds out he is moving to Canada - for good. Although Charlie and Ted fight, the audience can feel the heart-wrenching moment between the two boys when Ted announces his move. The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Circle Repertory Company, running from February 6, 1983 to February 20, 1983. Directed by Joan Micklin Silver, the cast included Julie Bovasso as Anna Trumbul, Christine Estabrook as Elsie, and Robert Joy as Ted. \\\"What I Did Last Summer\\\"was recently produced by\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8411139\",\n \"text\": \"Merton of the Movies (1924 film) Merton of the Movies is a 1924 comedy film directed by James Cruze, written by Walter Woods, and starring Glenn Hunter and Viola Dana. It is based on the in the George S. Kaufman and Marc Connelly 1922 play of the same name, which in turn was based on Harry Leon Wilson's novel, also titled \\\"Merton of the Movies\\\". Glenn Hunter had originated the role of Merton Gill in the Broadway play and reprised his role in this film. Since the play had depended on funny dialogue, the movie (being silent) was opened up\",\n \"title\": \"Merton of the Movies (1924 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4099712\",\n \"text\": \"April 2013 from natural causes, aged 82. Franco sometimes worked under various pseudonyms, including David Khune and Frank Hollmann. A fan of jazz music (and a musician himself), many of his pseudonyms were taken from jazz musicians such as Clifford Brown and James P. Johnson. Franco's themes often revolved around lesbian vampires, women in prison, surgical horror, sadomasochism, zombies and sexploitation (including several films based on the writings of the Marquis de Sade). He worked in other exploitation film genres, such as cannibal films, spy films, giallo, crime films, science fiction, jungle adventure, Oriental menace, exorcist films, war movies, historical\",\n \"title\": \"Jesús Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668764\",\n \"text\": \"DVD in 2012. Since 2012, Franco has served as a lecturer at UCLA teaching classes in the School of Theater, Film and Television. In September 2012, Franco announced the release of his band Daddy's first single \\\"Love in the Old Days\\\" and their first EP \\\"MotorCity.\\\" On March 8, 2013, Franco received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6838 Hollywood Boulevard. On July 9, 2013, Franco announced that he would be the featured roastee on the next \\\"Comedy Central Roast\\\". The roast aired on September 2, 2013. In February 2014, Franco wrote an article in \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668784\",\n \"text\": \"status as an actor. In September 2012, Santana filed a lawsuit against Franco for defamation seeking unspecified damages. In September 2013, Franco and Santana settled the defamation lawsuit. \\\"The matter has been resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties\\\", said Santana's attorney Matthew Blit. Franco defended himself when he was on the \\\"Howard Stern Show\\\", stating that he had spoken with the professor before the semester began on how he would have to miss most classes to film \\\"127 Hours\\\", in which they had settled on Franco receiving a \\\"D\\\" in the course together. Franco has taught at USC,\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306941\",\n \"text\": \"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668761\",\n \"text\": \"gig at an interview for \\\"Playboy.\\\" There he said he told a producer, \\\"I don't know why you hired me, because you haven't given me anything. I just don't think this stuff's going to be good\\\". He also said he felt \\\"kind of trapped in that material\\\" and that there was \\\"no way out\\\". He also admitted to a post-ceremony fight on Twitter with longtime Oscars writer Bruce Vilanch. When Vilanch intimated that the busy actor appeared less than fully committed to the job, Franco posted a photo of the two of them together graffiti-ed saying \\\"James Fucked up the\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4099713\",\n \"text\": \"dramas and nunsploitation. His sex movies often contained long, uninterrupted shots of nude women writhing around on beds. Most of his hardcore films starred his lifelong companion Lina Romay, who admitted in interviews to being an exhibitionist. Franco was known for his use of a hand-held camera and zoom shots, which he felt lent realism to his films. He also was not averse to filming several movies at the same time, knocking together a second feature on the unsuspecting producer's dime. Many of his actors only found out years after the fact that Franco had actually starred them in films\",\n \"title\": \"Jesús Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7263691\",\n \"text\": \"2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \\\"I Saw What You Did\\\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was\",\n \"title\": \"I Saw What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149533\",\n \"text\": \"You Know What You Did \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" is the first episode of the third season of \\\"The Hills\\\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20643107\",\n \"text\": \"the franchise would not have any inventions of the Lois Duncan novel (the antagonist being a central character) nor the 1997 feature (the fisherman Ben Willis and four primary protagonists Julie James, Helen Shivers, Barry Cox, and Ray Bronson). Further, the new direction and scope of the film necessitates an estimated budget of $15–20 million. Sony also states that the film is a high priority and is set for a release somewhere until 2020. I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series) I Know What You Did Last Summer is an American horror film series, based on the novel\",\n \"title\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20643105\",\n \"text\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series) I Know What You Did Last Summer is an American horror film series, based on the novel of the same name by Lois Duncan. The series consists of three films. After an accident on a winding road, four teens make the fatal mistake of dumping their victim's body into the sea. But exactly one year later, the dead man returns from his watery grave and he's looking for more than an apology. The murderous fisherman with a hook is back to once again stalk the two surviving teens, Julie James and\",\n \"title\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14645510\",\n \"text\": \"of God \\\"\\\". In order to avoid such a propaganda, the bishop ordered to empty the courtroom of outsiders. Catholic officials accused Franco of a conspiracy to kill the Queen, the royal prince or the bishop. Even after torture Franco did not confess to such a conspiracy. Many Polish–Lithuanian Protestant noblemen stood up in Franco's defence, but Calvinist magnates Radziwiłł did not support him because of his low descent. Franco's case was referred to the Pope, and Piotr Skarga personally interfered to obtain a death sentence. Franco could have saved his life by converting to Catholicism, but he refused. According\",\n \"title\": \"Franco de Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14645512\",\n \"text\": \"broke out in Vilnius, during which the Calvinist church was plundered and burnt, and one minister was killed. Franco's case fired up religious disputes and worsened the situation of Protestants in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Numerous pleas of Protestant gentry to the King and the Sejm brought no result – the gentry did not manage to pass a bill against riots. Afterwards, Franco was forgotten in Poland, but West-European Protestants (e.g. David Pareus), and Polish Brethren (e.g. Andrzej Lubieniecki), who stigmatized the Counter-Reformation, wrote about him. Franco de Franco Franco de Franco (circa 1585 in Corulani – June 30,\",\n \"title\": \"Franco de Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787753\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \\\"Change\\\". The song reached number 22 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17542106\",\n \"text\": \"live. The film is being distributed by MVD Entertainment, and was released on DVD in November 2012. It is also available on iTunes, Hulu, and Video-on-Demand. Writing in Punk News, John Gentile said, \\\"The wilder songs, like 'Audiowhore' where bassist Matt Gentling just gets completely down, stomping around like a T-rex, are nearly berserk, with the band approaching a Stooges-type thrash. 'What Did You Expect?' could pass for Fugazi's wilder side. Gentling just goes nuts on the bass, which is wild. Likewise, the mid-tempo songs like \\\"Freezing Point\\\" have an inherent urgency.\\\" What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect? (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049220\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \\\"The Hunter\\\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \\\"The Hunter\\\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668739\",\n \"text\": \"has enough of political life\\\". For his performance in the film, Franco won the Independent Spirit Award in the category for Best Supporting Actor. In late 2009 he joined the cast of the daytime soap opera \\\"General Hospital\\\" on a recurring basis. He plays Franco, a multimedia artist much like himself, who comes to Port Charles to do an art exhibition and becomes obsessed with Jason Morgan (Steve Burton). Franco has called his \\\"General Hospital\\\" role performance art. Franco began 2010 by making an appearance on the sitcom \\\"30 Rock\\\" where he played himself and carried on a fake romance\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668773\",\n \"text\": \"screenshots of alleged messages between her and Franco on Instagram. The messages showed that Franco, who was 35 at the time, tried to meet her in a hotel room after she told him she was 17. Franco sent multiple pictures of himself to prove his real identity. Franco admitted on \\\"Live! With Kelly and Michael\\\" that he had written the messages. His actions were legal (the age of consent in New York is seventeen) but he was criticized by the media because of the wide age gap. He initially responded to the scandal with the tweet, \\\"I HOPE PARENTS KEEP\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049221\",\n \"text\": \"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668771\",\n \"text\": \"been a subject of discussion in media sources, relentlessly questioning if he himself is gay. In response to questions regarding his sexuality, he insists he finds plenty more dimensions to the characters than their bedroom proclivities. \\\"Or, you know what,\\\" he quipped, \\\"maybe I'm just gay.\\\" In a March 2015 interview with \\\"Four Two Nine\\\" magazine, Franco again opened up about his sexuality, commenting that it is not who you have sex with that defines your sexuality, but instead how you act. \\\"In the twenties and thirties, they used to define homosexuality by how you acted and not by whom\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13686288\",\n \"text\": \"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? \\\"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\\\" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, \\\"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\\\" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4668752\",\n \"text\": \"portrayal of Wiseau gained near-universal praise. His performance won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. At the end of 2017, Franco, almost 40, said he was slowing down to focus on himself. He was having something of a moment, with two Golden Globe nominations and some Oscar buzz, to which he has said he brought a new perspective: \\\"Hard work does pay off, but what I didn't realize is you need balance, and you cannot make your happiness contingent on your work, or anything outside of you for that matter, right? It's gotta\",\n \"title\": \"James Franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["tristan & isolde","pineapple express","the great raid","annapolis","whatever it takes","the company","an american crime","spider-man","spider-man 2","spider-man 3"],"string":"[\n \"tristan & isolde\",\n \"pineapple express\",\n \"the great raid\",\n \"annapolis\",\n \"whatever it takes\",\n \"the company\",\n \"an american crime\",\n \"spider-man\",\n \"spider-man 2\",\n \"spider-man 3\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1181,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what to do in palo alto ca with kids?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"641288","text":"include: Many nearby Silicon Valley companies, no longer primarily in Palo Alto, were once headquartered and experienced major growth in Palo Alto, including Google (now in Mountain View), Facebook (now in Menlo Park), and PayPal (now in San Jose). Palo Alto's retail and restaurant trade includes Stanford Shopping Center, an upscale open air shopping center established in 1955, and downtown Palo Alto, centered on University Avenue. Palo Alto is the location of the first street-level Apple Store, the first Apple mini store, the first West Coast Whole Foods Market store, and the first Victoria's Secret. According to the City's 2017","title":"Palo Alto, California"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641288\",\n \"text\": \"include: Many nearby Silicon Valley companies, no longer primarily in Palo Alto, were once headquartered and experienced major growth in Palo Alto, including Google (now in Mountain View), Facebook (now in Menlo Park), and PayPal (now in San Jose). Palo Alto's retail and restaurant trade includes Stanford Shopping Center, an upscale open air shopping center established in 1955, and downtown Palo Alto, centered on University Avenue. Palo Alto is the location of the first street-level Apple Store, the first Apple mini store, the first West Coast Whole Foods Market store, and the first Victoria's Secret. According to the City's 2017\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"641265","text":"time was attached to what is now College Terrace), but was incorporated in 1894 with the name Palo Alto. With Stanford's support, Palo Alto grew to the size of Mayfield. After long-running strife in Mayfield and a Mayfield ordinance banning saloons that took effect in January 1905, on July 2, 1925, Palo Alto voters approved the annexation of Mayfield and the two communities were officially consolidated on July 6, 1925. As a result Palo Alto has two downtown areas: one along University Avenue and one along California Avenue. The \"Mayfield News\" wrote its own obituary four days later: Palo Alto","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"4220920","text":"Palo Alto High School Palo Alto Senior High School, known locally as \"Paly\", is a public comprehensive high school located in Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1898 and is one of the oldest high schools in the region. The school's property is adjacent to Stanford University. Paly has a rivalry with crosstown Gunn High School. 2015–16 In October 2014, a new Media Arts Center (MAC) was unveiled at Paly. The MAC is the hub of journalism at Palo Alto High School. These publications have a dedicated class associated with them. These publications are clubs but do not have","title":"Palo Alto High School"},{"psg_id":"13299094","text":"Newsweeklies. They maintain Palo Alto Online and Palo Alto Wiki. The paper won many awards from the California Newspaper Publishers Association. Palo Alto Weekly The Palo Alto Weekly is a weekly community newspaper in Palo Alto in the U.S. state of California. Owned by Embarcadero Media, it serves Palo Alto, Menlo Park, Atherton, Portola Valley, Stanford, East Palo Alto and Los Altos Hills. It was established in 1979 as an alternative to the town's daily newspaper, the \"Peninsula Times Tribune\", which ceased publishing in 1993. At that time, the \"Weekly\" expanded to twice-a-week. In 1995, a new daily, the \"Palo","title":"Palo Alto Weekly"},{"psg_id":"641301","text":"\"Palo Alto Daily Post\" publishes six days a week. \"Palo Alto Daily News\", a unit of the San Jose Mercury News, publishes 5 days a week.\" Palo Alto Weekly\" is published Fridays. \"Palo Alto Times\", a daily newspaper served Palo Alto and neighboring cities beginning in 1894. In 1979 it became the \"Peninsula Times Tribune\". The newspaper ceased publication in 1993. KDOW 1220 AM began broadcasting in 1949 as KIBE; it later became KDFC, simulcasting classical KDFC-FM. As KDOW it broadcasts a business news format. The transmitter is in East Palo Alto near the western approach to Dumbarton Bridge with","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"1024627","text":"city's first full-service supermarket in 23 years. Starting in 2006, a large real estate investor, Page Mill Properties, purchased almost the entire west side of East Palo Alto and contested most of the city's rent control laws in what some claimed was a 'predatory equity scheme'. Page Mill left East Palo Alto in the fall of 2009 after defaulting on a $240-million bank loan. East Palo Alto is located in San Mateo County. Despite its name, it lies almost entirely north, and not east, of Palo Alto. (This may be explained by how directions on the Peninsula are traditionally defined","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"13299092","text":"Palo Alto Weekly The Palo Alto Weekly is a weekly community newspaper in Palo Alto in the U.S. state of California. Owned by Embarcadero Media, it serves Palo Alto, Menlo Park, Atherton, Portola Valley, Stanford, East Palo Alto and Los Altos Hills. It was established in 1979 as an alternative to the town's daily newspaper, the \"Peninsula Times Tribune\", which ceased publishing in 1993. At that time, the \"Weekly\" expanded to twice-a-week. In 1995, a new daily, the \"Palo Alto Daily News\", began publishing. In 2008, a second daily, \"The Daily Post\", began in Palo Alto. In September 2009, the","title":"Palo Alto Weekly"},{"psg_id":"641251","text":"Palo Alto, California Palo Alto () is a charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Palo Alto means \"tall tree\" in Spanish; the city is named after a coastal redwood tree called El Palo Alto. The city was established by Leland Stanford Sr. when he founded Stanford University, following the death of his son, Leland Stanford Jr. Palo Alto includes portions of Stanford University and shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley, and Menlo Park. As of","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"9890836","text":"Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority proposed to relocate the bus plaza onto both sides of University Avenue. Palo Alto station is also a major transfer point for regional and local bus systems: Dumbarton Express, SamTrans, VTA, and some Marguerite buses stop in a bus plaza located northwest of the station building (adjacent to the southbound platform), with some Marguerite buses instead stopping south of the station building. Most other shuttles and some Marguerite buses stop near the northbound platform. Palo Alto station Palo Alto station (also called Palo Alto Transit Center) is an intermodal transit center located in Palo Alto,","title":"Palo Alto station"},{"psg_id":"641306","text":"Valley. San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans) provides service to San Mateo County to the north but some lines include the Palo Alto Transit Center. The Stanford University Free Shuttle (Marguerite) provides a supplementary bus service between Stanford University and the Palo Alto Transit Center, and the Palo Alto Free Shuttle (Crosstown and Embarcadero), which circulates frequently, and provides service to major points in Palo Alto, including the main library, downtown, the Municipal Golf Course, the Palo Alto Transit Center, and both high schools. Cycling is a popular mode of transportation in Palo Alto. 9.5% of residents bicycle to work,","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"8894929","text":"The art center has an extensive volunteer program, with volunteers performing both regular and one-time tasks. Art Docents conduct free guided tours of the temporary exhibitions (Art Dialogues). Palo Alto Art Center Palo Alto Art Center is multi-purpose center for various art-related activities in the city of Palo Alto, California. The Palo Alto Art Center Foundation (PAACF) is the nonprofit that supports the Palo Alto Art Center. The Palo Alto Art Center when it was founded in 1971, was named the Palo Alto Community Cultural Center. The art center has many educational activities, such as weekly classes and special days.","title":"Palo Alto Art Center"},{"psg_id":"12026698","text":"to run two businesses,\" while the website said that \"Giving away news online is a dumb way to do business.\" As of May 2018, \"The Post\" website does have news stories, but also recommends that readers get a copy of the print edition to read some stories not published online. Palo Alto Daily Post The Daily Post is a free newspaper in Palo Alto, California, founded in 2008 by the \"Palo Alto Daily News's\" founders, Dave Price and Jim Pavelich, who had sold that paper to new owners three years earlier. \"The Post\" is published Monday-Saturday and distributed in more","title":"Palo Alto Daily Post"},{"psg_id":"8858065","text":"Palo Alto (2007 film) Palo Alto is a 2007 independent film that is set in Palo Alto, California and was made by Brad Leong, Tony Vallone, and Daniel Engelhardt, three filmmakers who are locals of that city. The plot centers on four college freshmen on their last night of Thanksgiving Break, their first time back since leaving for school. They find that the old adage about absence making the heart grow fonder rings true in director Brad Leong's nostalgic comedy drama. Only then do they realize their small town, once seemingly boring and meaningless, has much more to offer than","title":"Palo Alto (2007 film)"},{"psg_id":"6276698","text":"in the area such as the Baylands Business Park adjacent and to south of the site and the structure now located at 1860 Embarcadero Road. The Harvey Gum Factory was demolished in 1982, based upon Palo Alto Planning Department records. In 2015 the City of Palo Alto took over operations from Santa Clara County, after a 50-year lease had ended. Note that though NAAS King City was built by an entity named \"Palo Alto Airport Inc\", it is not related to KPAO and located 100 miles further south. Palo Alto Airport Palo Alto Airport is a general aviation airport in","title":"Palo Alto Airport"},{"psg_id":"3141515","text":"graffiti in August 2010, but was subsequently cleaned. El Palo Alto El Palo Alto () is a \"Sequoia sempervirens\" (coast redwood tree) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814, its top progressively dying from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. The landmark redwood is 90 inches (2.3 meters) in diameter, and has a","title":"El Palo Alto"},{"psg_id":"3141508","text":"El Palo Alto El Palo Alto () is a \"Sequoia sempervirens\" (coast redwood tree) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814, its top progressively dying from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. The landmark redwood is 90 inches (2.3 meters) in diameter, and has a crown spread of 40 feet (12 meters). In","title":"El Palo Alto"},{"psg_id":"641286","text":"home sales price of $1,677,000. In 2010, Palo Alto ranked as the 2nd most expensive city in the United States, with a four-bedroom, two-bathroom home listing for $1.48 million on average. A primary driver of housing market values in Palo Alto is the political climate that is restricting new development in a city with a large jobs-to-housing imbalance and some of the most attractive jobs in the country. In addition, Palo Alto schools test at some of the highest levels in the Bay Area. Palo Alto is by some measures the most expensive college town in the United States. A","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641304","text":"the busiest single-runway general aviation airports in the country. It is used by many daily commuters who fly (usually in private single-engine aircraft) from their homes in the Central Valley to work in the Palo Alto area. Major airlines offer service at San Jose International Airport (SJC), about southeast, and San Francisco International Airport (SFO), about north. Train service is available via Caltrain with service between San Francisco and San Jose and extending to Gilroy. Caltrain has two regular stops in Palo Alto, the main one at the Palo Alto Station in downtown Palo Alto (local, limited, and express) and","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"9890834","text":"on February 27, 2007 as a paid and unstaffed facility with 96 spaces. The bus plaza adjacent to the station building was renovated in 2005. from 2008 to 2009, Caltrain constructed the $35 million Palo Alto Stations Improvement Project at Palo Alto and California Avenue stations. At Palo Alto, the northern underpass was modified to make it accessible, allowing the nearby pedestrian level crossing to be closed. The platforms (shortened significantly since the station was built) were rebuilt and lengthened. New lighting, shelters, and message signs were installed. Palo Alto is the second-busiest Caltrain station after San Francisco, averaging 7,764","title":"Palo Alto station"},{"psg_id":"641305","text":"the other at California Avenue (local and limited). A third, the Stanford station, located beside Alma Street at Embarcadero Road, is used to provide special services for occasional sports events (generally football) at Stanford Stadium. The main Palo Alto stop is the second most popular (behind 4th and King in San Francisco) on Caltrain's entire line. The Palo Alto Transit Center adjacent to the Palo Alto Train Station is the major bus hub for northern Santa Clara county. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) provides primary bus service through Palo Alto with service to the south bay and Silicon","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641298","text":"the police department and the animal services organization. The Palo Alto Unified School District provides public education for most of Palo Alto. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, Palo Alto has a student-teacher ratio of 14.9, much lower than some surrounding communities. Juana Briones Elementary has a student/teacher ratio of 14.4. The school board meets at 7 p.m. on the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays of the month; the meetings are open to the public and city, cast live on Channel 28. Channel 28 is operated by the Mid-peninsula Community Media Center in Palo Alto, which is affiliated with","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"8720822","text":"Palo Alto University Palo Alto University (PAU) is a non-profit, private educational institution in Palo Alto, California, United States. It was founded in 1975 as the Pacific Graduate School of Psychology (PGSP). Palo Alto University offers two undergraduate degree programs (Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Social Action and Bachelor of Science in Business Psychology) and four graduate programs: a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology as part of a consortium with Stanford University, and two master's degree programs: an M.A. in Counseling and an M.S. in Psychology. PAU subscribes to the practitioner-scientist training model, a variation","title":"Palo Alto University"},{"psg_id":"6276693","text":"Palo Alto Airport Palo Alto Airport is a general aviation airport in the city of Palo Alto in Santa Clara County, California, USA, near the south end of San Francisco Bay on the western shore. It is among the busiest General Aviation airports in the United States, though the #1 rank belongs to Van Nuys Airport (KVNY) Palo Alto Airport covers and has one asphalt paved runway (13/31) measuring 2,443 × 70 ft. (745 × 21 m). First time pilots should familiarize themselves with the complex SF Bay Area airspace, especially the overlying SFO Class B and the abutting SJC","title":"Palo Alto Airport"},{"psg_id":"641299","text":"the Alliance for Community Media. ACM represents over 2000 PEG channels in the US. Government-access television (GATV) Cable TV. Palo Alto students attend one of two high schools, Gunn High School or Palo Alto High School. There are also 3 middle schools, J.L.S., Jordan, and Terman. The Los Altos School District and Mountain View-Los Altos Union High School District provide public education for the Monroe neighborhood portion of Palo Alto off El Camino Real south of Adobe Creek. The Palo Alto City Library has five branches, with a total of 265,000 items in their collections. The library's mission is to","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"9890826","text":"Palo Alto station Palo Alto station (also called Palo Alto Transit Center) is an intermodal transit center located in Palo Alto, California. It is served by Caltrain regional rail service, SamTrans and Santa Clara VTA local bus service, Dumbarton Express regional bus service, the Stanford University Marguerite Shuttle, and several local shuttle services. Palo Alto is the second-busiest Caltrain station after San Francisco, averaging 7,764 weekday boardings by a 2018 count. The Caltrain station has two side platforms serving the two tracks of the Peninsula Subdivision, while the bus transfer plaza is located nearby. The San Francisco and San Jose","title":"Palo Alto station"},{"psg_id":"8894928","text":"Palo Alto Art Center Palo Alto Art Center is multi-purpose center for various art-related activities in the city of Palo Alto, California. The Palo Alto Art Center Foundation (PAACF) is the nonprofit that supports the Palo Alto Art Center. The Palo Alto Art Center when it was founded in 1971, was named the Palo Alto Community Cultural Center. The art center has many educational activities, such as weekly classes and special days. It also has exhibition galleries, where it hosts a number of temporary art exhibitions per year that focus on art and artists of the San Francisco Bay Area.","title":"Palo Alto Art Center"},{"psg_id":"1024614","text":"East Palo Alto, California East Palo Alto (abbreviated E.P.A.) is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of East Palo Alto was 28,155. It is situated on the San Francisco Peninsula, roughly halfway between the cities of San Francisco and San Jose. To the north and east is the San Francisco Bay, to the west is the city of Menlo Park, and to the south the city of Palo Alto. Despite being called \"East\" Palo Alto, the city is directly north of Palo Alto. While often incorrectly assumed to be part","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"1024640","text":"Palo Alto; however, it does cause significant traffic backups at rush hour and the city is also affected by noise from events at the nearby Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View. The Baylands Nature Preserve borders the city of East Palo Alto. The long trail along the marshland connects Mountain View, Palo Alto, and East Palo and it is used by bike commuters every day. East Palo Alto, California East Palo Alto (abbreviated E.P.A.) is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of East Palo Alto was 28,155. It is situated on","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"1024618","text":"dot-com boom of the late 1990s largely bypassed East Palo Alto. The Ravenswood City School District, which serves East Palo Alto and part of adjoining Menlo Park, has struggled with low academic performance. Eventually, however, the Peninsula's shortage of land and soaring property prices meant that even East Palo Alto became an option for urban regeneration. Until recently, gentrification has been rare in East Palo Alto. East Palo Alto also includes a small piece of land across the Bayshore Freeway (US 101) from the shopping center, a roughly triangular area between US 101 and San Francisquito Creek, formerly the site","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641285","text":"that now cost anywhere from $800,000 to well in excess of $40 million, much of Palo Alto's housing stock is in the style of California mid-century middle-class suburbia. It has highly rated public schools (see: Gunn High School and Palo Alto High School), a high quality of life, numerous parks and open space reserves, and a vibrant downtown area. The median home sale price for all of Palo Alto was more than $1.2 million in 2007 and $1.4 million in July 2009. Palo Alto ranked in as the 5th most expensive city in the United States , with an average","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"1024616","text":"from Google and Facebook, have begun to eliminate the cultural and economic differences between the two cities. East Palo Alto and Palo Alto share both telephone area codes and postal ZIP codes. 43% of East Palo Alto's residents were African Americans in 1990, which was the result of redlining practices and racial deed restrictions in Palo Alto. Latinos now constitute about 65% of the total population, while the proportion of African Americans has decreased to about 15%. A small minority of Pacific Islanders also reside in East Palo Alto, most of Tongan, Samoan and Indo-Fijian origin.. East Palo Alto has","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"8720828","text":"in 2006. According to \"U.S. News & World Report\", the PAU-Stanford Consortium ranks 87th in the nation for best health schools by category of clinical psychology. Students from the PAU Ph.D Clinical Psychology and PAU-Stanford Psy.D. Consortium program receive initial clinical practical training at the Gronowski Center, a mental health clinic hosted and partially funded by Palo Alto University that provides low-fee services on a sliding scale to the Bay Area community. Palo Alto University Palo Alto University (PAU) is a non-profit, private educational institution in Palo Alto, California, United States. It was founded in 1975 as the Pacific Graduate","title":"Palo Alto University"},{"psg_id":"1024638","text":"Alto. In 2014, the Sequoia Union High School District discontinued the practice of busing. Today, East Palo Alto residents are zoned to Menlo-Atherton High School in Atherton. Through the district Open Enrollment process, some residents choose to attend Carlmont, Woodside High School in Woodside, or Sequoia High School in Redwood City. Alternatively, East Palo Alto Academy (opened in 2001 as East Palo Alto High School) and East Palo Alto Phoenix Academy (opened 2006) are charter high schools in East Palo Alto. There is also a private high school, Eastside College Preparatory, which opened in 1996. Every year, parents of incoming","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641268","text":"at 367 Addison Avenue. Hewlett Packard recently restored the house and garage. A second historic district on Ramona Street can be found downtown between University and Hamilton Avenues. The Palo Alto Chinese School is the oldest in the entire Bay Area. It is also home to the second oldest opera company in California, the West Bay Opera. Palo Alto, California is also home to a long standing baseball tradition: The Palo Alto Oaks. The Palo Alto Oaks are a collegiate, summer baseball club that have been in the Bay Area since 1950, 8 years longer than the San Francisco Giants.","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641303","text":"by two major freeways, Highway 101 and Interstate 280, and is traversed by the Peninsula's main north-south boulevard, El Camino Real (SR 82). The city is also served indirectly by State Route 84 which traverses the Dumbarton Bridge to the north. There are no parking meters in Palo Alto, and all municipal parking lots and multi-level parking structures are free but limited to two or three hours per weekday 8am–5pm. Downtown Palo Alto has recently added many new lots to fill the overflow of vehicles. Palo Alto is served by Palo Alto Airport of Santa Clara County (KPAO), one of","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"13876278","text":"part of the community. Palo Alto, Mississippi Palo Alto (also Savannah) is a ghost town in Clay County, Mississippi. Established c. 1846, it is located at (33.6806738, -88.8000525) at an elevation of 279 feet (85 m). In 1876, Palo Alto was the site of an incident in which a group of heavily armed white men brought a piece of field artillery and broke up a meeting of the Republican Club in order to suppress black voters. In 1987, the townsite was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name of \"Town of Palo Alto.\" Nearly were listed","title":"Palo Alto, Mississippi"},{"psg_id":"13876277","text":"Palo Alto, Mississippi Palo Alto (also Savannah) is a ghost town in Clay County, Mississippi. Established c. 1846, it is located at (33.6806738, -88.8000525) at an elevation of 279 feet (85 m). In 1876, Palo Alto was the site of an incident in which a group of heavily armed white men brought a piece of field artillery and broke up a meeting of the Republican Club in order to suppress black voters. In 1987, the townsite was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name of \"Town of Palo Alto.\" Nearly were listed on the Register as","title":"Palo Alto, Mississippi"},{"psg_id":"641302","text":"power of 5,000 watts daytime and 145 watts nighttime. The Midpeninsula Community Media Center provides public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable tv channels 26, 28, 29, 30 and 75. Among other programs, Palo Alto Institute runs a unique film festival, the Palo Alto International Film Festival, that focuses on the ways in which new technologies influence and are influenced by artistic revolution in media. The movie \"Palo Alto\" (2007) was filmed in the town and many landmarks can be seen in the background but the plot could be centered in any smaller town or city. Palo Alto is served","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"13586402","text":"and supportive learning environment, which promotes the intellectual, cultural, economic, and social life of the community. Palo Alto College fulfills its function by offering the following: The college also provides several programs in logistics and supply chain management education and training at the associate degree and certificate levels. Palo Alto College Palo Alto College is a community college located in the San Antonio, Texas, USA area. It is one of five separately accredited colleges in the Alamo Colleges District. Palo Alto College was first approved by ACCD Board of Trustees on February 21, 1983 and chartered by the Texas Legislature","title":"Palo Alto College"},{"psg_id":"1024628","text":"by having Caltrain as north-south. Caltrain runs northwest-southeast in Palo Alto, so \"east\" would mean northeast. In addition, downtown Palo Alto is in the northwest corner of the city, so East Palo Alto is indeed northeast of downtown Palo Alto.) It is bordered on the west by Menlo Park, to the south by Palo Alto, and to the east by the San Francisco Bay. The San Francisquito Creek defines its southern edge. To the north are Ravenswood Point and the western end of the Dumbarton Bridge in Menlo Park. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641300","text":"enable people to explore library resources to enrich their lives with knowledge, information, and enjoyment. For Palo Alto library card holders, the main library web page also offers links to primary source databases with collections of magazine, newspaper, and other print articles. The Palo Alto City Library is also a member of the Northern California Digital Library, which allows card holders to browse and download the digital resources made available. Library cards are freely available for California residents. The Mitchell Park Library, the largest one in Palo Alto, was under construction beginning in 2010, but reopened in December 2014. The","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"10239889","text":"Palo Alto Chinese School Founded in 1963, Palo Alto Chinese School (PACS) is located in Palo Alto, California and is the oldest Chinese school in the San Francisco Bay Area. The school was formed with a merger between a Cantonese school and a Mandarin school. The history of the Cantonese school could be traced back to 1960, when the Santa Clara Overseas Chinese School was founded. School hours are 7:00PM - 9:00PM on Friday nights at Jane Lathrop Stanford Middle School, 480 E. Meadow Dr, Palo Alto, from late August to early June. Annual tuition is $320 (new student and","title":"Palo Alto Chinese School"},{"psg_id":"14625166","text":"five geographical divisions: Santa Cruz, Palo Alto, Camino, Alameda and Mills Peninsula. Palo Alto Medical Foundation The Palo Alto Medical Foundation for Health Care, Research and Education (PAMF) is a not-for-profit health care organization with medical offices in more than 15 cities in the Bay Area. It has more than 900 physicians and had over 2 million patient visits in 2008. It is rated as one of California’s top medical groups. The history of the group dates back to 1930, when Dr. Russel Van Arsdale Lee founded the Palo Alto Medical Clinic (PAMC). Within a few years, several physicians joined","title":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation"},{"psg_id":"10239891","text":"Palo Alto Chinese School is a member of the Association of Northern California Chinese Schools (ANCCS). Palo Alto Chinese School Founded in 1963, Palo Alto Chinese School (PACS) is located in Palo Alto, California and is the oldest Chinese school in the San Francisco Bay Area. The school was formed with a merger between a Cantonese school and a Mandarin school. The history of the Cantonese school could be traced back to 1960, when the Santa Clara Overseas Chinese School was founded. School hours are 7:00PM - 9:00PM on Friday nights at Jane Lathrop Stanford Middle School, 480 E. Meadow","title":"Palo Alto Chinese School"},{"psg_id":"1024615","text":"of the city of Palo Alto, East Palo Alto has always been a separate entity since its founding as an unincorporated community until its incorporation in June 1983. It is also in San Mateo County, while Palo Alto is in Santa Clara County. The two cities are separated only by San Francisquito Creek and, largely, the Bayshore Freeway (the vast majority of East Palo Alto is northeast of the freeway, while all of the residential part of Palo Alto is southwest of the freeway). The revitalization projects in 2000, and high income high-tech professionals moving into new developments, including employees","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641276","text":"day was on February 3, 1998. Measurable snowfall is very rare in downtown Palo Alto, but fell on January 21, 1962. It is more common in the higher but rural sections of the town. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Palo Alto has a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Csb) Palo Alto was incorporated in 1894. In 1909, a municipal charter created a local government consisting of a fifteen-member City Council, with responsibilities for various governmental functions delegated to appointed committees. In 1950, the City adopted a Council–manager government. Several appointed committees continue to advise the City Council on specialized issues,","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"16870223","text":"Palo Alto Networks Palo Alto Networks, Inc. (NYSE: PANW) is an American multinational cybersecurity company with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. Its core products are a platform that includes advanced firewalls and cloud-based offerings that extend those firewalls to cover other aspects of security. The company serves 50,000+ organizations in 150+ countries, including 85 of the Fortune 100. It is home to the Unit 42 threat research team and hosts the Ignite cybersecurity conference. The company's mission statement is \"to protect our way of life in the digital age by preventing successful cyberattacks\". Palo Alto Networks is listed 8th in","title":"Palo Alto Networks"},{"psg_id":"13586400","text":"Palo Alto College Palo Alto College is a community college located in the San Antonio, Texas, USA area. It is one of five separately accredited colleges in the Alamo Colleges District. Palo Alto College was first approved by ACCD Board of Trustees on February 21, 1983 and chartered by the Texas Legislature on March 19, 1983 - the official date of its founding. The college began with 231 students in high schools and military installations with administrative offices located at Billy Mitchell Village. As of 2007-2008, the college had 7,662 students enrolled. The college is set on nearly of land.","title":"Palo Alto College"},{"psg_id":"641287","text":"majority of Stanford students live on campus. Palo Alto serves as a central economic focal point of the Silicon Valley, and is home to more than 7,000 businesses employing more than 98,000 people. Many prominent technology firms reside in the Stanford Research Park on Page Mill Road, while nearby Sand Hill Road in the adjacent city of Menlo Park is a notable hub of venture capitalists. The city's economy generally follows the economic trends of the rest of the Silicon Valley. Well-known companies and research facilities headquartered in Palo Alto include: Other notable companies with significant presences in Palo Alto","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641293","text":"called SBC and Pacific Bell. One of the earliest central office facilities switching Palo Alto calls is the historic Davenport central office (CO) at 529 Bryant Street. The building was sold and is now the home of the Palo Alto Internet Exchange. The former CO building is marked by a bronze plaque and is located on the north side of Bryant Street between University Avenue and Hamilton Avenue. It was called Davenport after the exchange name at the introduction of dial telephone service in Palo Alto. For example, modern numbers starting with 325- were Davenport 5 in the 1950s and","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"1024636","text":"to the east across San Francisco Bay, and carries State Route 84 into East Palo Alto toward U.S. 101. Public transportation is provided by SamTrans. The Ravenswood City School District has its headquarters in East Palo Alto. District K-8 schools include Costaño Elementary School, Belle Haven Community School, and James Flood Magnet School. 5–8 schools include Cesar Chávez Academy and Ronald McNair Academy. San Francisco 49ers Academy, a 6–8 district school, is in East Palo Alto. K-5 schools in East Palo Alto include Brentwood Academy (a district charter) and Green Oaks Academy. Ravenswood Child Development Center is in East Palo","title":"East Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"12026696","text":"Palo Alto Daily Post The Daily Post is a free newspaper in Palo Alto, California, founded in 2008 by the \"Palo Alto Daily News's\" founders, Dave Price and Jim Pavelich, who had sold that paper to new owners three years earlier. \"The Post\" is published Monday-Saturday and distributed in more than a dozen communities on the San Francisco Peninsula. The paper covers local news and carries reports from the Associated Press. \"The Post\" was founded by Price and Pavelich, originally occupying the \"Daily News's\" old office at 324 High Street in downtown Palo Alto, which the \"News\" had vacated when","title":"Palo Alto Daily Post"},{"psg_id":"9890828","text":"the National Register of Historic Places as Palo Alto Southern Pacific Railroad Depot in 1996. The San Francisco and San Jose Railroad opened from San Francisco to Mayfield in 1863, and to San Jose the next year. Several decades later, Leland Stanford founded the new town of Palo Alto to the north of Mayfield. Palo Alto station was opened in 1890 to serve the new Stanford University. The original structure had open sides supported by posts; it was enclosed in 1893 as a waiting room. A temporary building for ticket sales, telegraphy, and baggage was constructed between it and a","title":"Palo Alto station"},{"psg_id":"3141513","text":"and Peninsula cities like Palo Alto began obtaining water from the Hetch Hetchy system. El Palo Alto was unable to access the lowered groundwater, as redwoods are typically shallow rooted. By the mid-1960s the tree was in severe decline, leading to successive die-off of the treetop, until the water table began to recover in the late 1990s. Efforts to restore the tree's health by the Southern Pacific Railroad, the City of Palo Alto and local citizens included progressive pruning of the dying treetop, addition of soil and mulch at the tree’s base, removal of dead limbs, pesticide spraying and installation","title":"El Palo Alto"},{"psg_id":"17099121","text":"Palo Alto (short story collection) Palo Alto is a collection of linked short stories by American actor and writer James Franco. The collection was published on October 19, 2010, by Scribner's. The stories are about teenagers and their experiments with vices and their struggles with their families. The book is named after his hometown of Palo Alto, California, and is dedicated to many of the writers he worked with at Brooklyn College. Inspired by some of Franco's own teenage memories, and memories written and submitted by high school students at Palo Alto Senior High School, the stories describe life in","title":"Palo Alto (short story collection)"},{"psg_id":"641292","text":"to identify each utility's side of the shared cross arms. Palo Alto has an ongoing community debate about the city providing fiber optic connectivity to all residences. A series of pilot programs have been proposed. One proposal called for the city to install dark fiber, which would be made live by a contractor. Services traditionally attributed to a cable television provider were sold to a regulated commercial concern. Previously the cable system was operated by a cooperative called Palo Alto Cable Coop. The former Regional Bell Operating Company in Palo Alto was Pacific Telephone, now called AT&T Inc., and previously","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641260","text":"father to twenty-nine children, still lived just south of Palo Alto, near the location of the present-day San Antonio Shopping Center in Mountain View. Many of the Spanish names in the Palo Alto area represent the local heritage, descriptive terms and former residents. Pena Court, Miranda Avenue, which was essentially Foothill Expwy, was the married name of Juana Briones and the name occurs in Courts and Avenues and other street names in Palo Alto and Mountain View in the quadrant where she owned vast areas between Stanford University, Grant Road in Mountain View and west of El Camino Real. Yerba","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"13586401","text":"Palo Alto College has over 100 staff members and full-time faculty members. PAC’s original complex included 11 buildings and 26 classrooms. The new college attracted students from throughout Bexar County and adjoining counties. In 1991, Palo Alto College was named the fastest growing college. Consistent increases in enrollment have prompted physical growth, specifically through the construction of new facilities for added classroom space as well as sports and recreation. As a public comprehensive community college, Palo Alto College provides exemplary, accessible education and training to a diverse and aspiring community. The College educates, nurtures, and inspires students through a dynamic","title":"Palo Alto College"},{"psg_id":"1211993","text":"Palo Alto, Pennsylvania Palo Alto is a borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,052 at the 2000 census. The borough stretches along the south bank of the Schuylkill River. Bacon Street is the main street of town. The borough shares Pottsville's ZIP Code, telephone exchanges, and school district. The borough maintains its own fire department and police department. Palo Alto is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,052 people, 444 households, and","title":"Palo Alto, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"641278","text":"House of Representatives, Palo Alto is in . The 2010 United States Census reported that Palo Alto had a population of 64,403. The population density was 2,497.5 people per square mile (964.3/km²). The racial makeup of Palo Alto was 41,359 (64.2%) White, 17,461 (27.1%) Asian, 1,197 (1.9%) African American, 121 (0.2%) Native American, 142 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,426 (2.2%) from other races, and 2,697 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,974 persons (6.2%). The Census reported that 63,820 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 205 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters,","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"18254184","text":"Kee House (Palo Alto, California) The Kee House is a historic house located at 2310 Yale St. in Palo Alto, California. Built in 1889, it is one of the oldest houses in Palo Alto and the oldest surviving building from Mayfield, a village that predated Palo Alto and was later annexed into the city. The house was one of the first built in the College Terrace tract, a middle-class residential area named for its proximity to Stanford University. The two-story house has an Italianate design with Eastlake elements. The front and side porches feature carved brackets and turned posts; the","title":"Kee House (Palo Alto, California)"},{"psg_id":"641313","text":"LG Chem, Sony, Hitachi and Sanyo. The companies were accused of unfair business practices. They were alleged to have fixed prices of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in laptops, smartphones and GPS devices, and Palo Alto has purchased a lot of such devices. Palo Alto's case will be consolidated with many others brought against the batteries producers in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The companies are also facing at least 10 lawsuits in New Jersey. The city is represented by Rene Sloan Holtzman & Sakai, LLP, and Green & Noblin, P.C. Palo Alto,","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"4220922","text":"tennis, volleyball, water polo, and wrestling teams. The school is also home to several athletic clubs, including an Ultimate Frisbee Club. Palo Alto High School Palo Alto Senior High School, known locally as \"Paly\", is a public comprehensive high school located in Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1898 and is one of the oldest high schools in the region. The school's property is adjacent to Stanford University. Paly has a rivalry with crosstown Gunn High School. 2015–16 In October 2014, a new Media Arts Center (MAC) was unveiled at Paly. The MAC is the hub of journalism at","title":"Palo Alto High School"},{"psg_id":"11938910","text":"citizenship classes are free and other classes charge a very low fee. Herb Wong, jazz expert and educator, was a teacher at the adult school. The Palo Alto Adult School is part of the North Santa Clara County Student Transition Consortium (STC), with nearby De Anza College, Foothill College, Mountain View Los Altos Adult Education, and Sunnyvale-Cupertino Adult Education. The Adult School offers classes at seven locations within the borders of the Palo Alto Unified School District. At its peak in 1967, Palo Alto had 22 K-6 elementary schools. Of those, these schools are closed: The Palo Alto Unified Board","title":"Palo Alto Unified School District"},{"psg_id":"946061","text":"census of Palo Alto County. † \"county seat\" Palo Alto County, Iowa Palo Alto County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,421. The county seat is Emmetsburg. It is named for the first battlefield victory in the Mexican–American War. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. The 2010 census recorded a population of 9,421 in the county, with a population density of . There were 4,628 housing units, of which 3,994 were occupied.","title":"Palo Alto County, Iowa"},{"psg_id":"14625161","text":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation The Palo Alto Medical Foundation for Health Care, Research and Education (PAMF) is a not-for-profit health care organization with medical offices in more than 15 cities in the Bay Area. It has more than 900 physicians and had over 2 million patient visits in 2008. It is rated as one of California’s top medical groups. The history of the group dates back to 1930, when Dr. Russel Van Arsdale Lee founded the Palo Alto Medical Clinic (PAMC). Within a few years, several physicians joined Dr. Lee, including Edward F. Roth, Blake C. Wilbur, Herbert Niebel, Milton","title":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation"},{"psg_id":"13203769","text":"Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto) Ravenswood High School was a public high school located in East Palo Alto, California, United States. Opened in 1958, it served the East Palo Alto area of San Mateo County until its closure in 1976. In 1958 its enrollment was 629 students. During the existence of Ravenswood, East Palo Alto was the low-income area in the shadow of its more affluent neighbors Menlo Park, Atherton and Palo Alto. The city of Palo Alto, while adjacent and sharing the same zip code, is a completely different city in Santa Clara County. Ravenswood was part of","title":"Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto)"},{"psg_id":"13203775","text":"2002, it was memorialized in a mural created by the Mural, Music and the Arts Project at the Boys and Girls Club of the Peninsula in East Palo Alto, called \"Remembering Ravenswood: East Palo Alto's Educational Sacrifice\". Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto) Ravenswood High School was a public high school located in East Palo Alto, California, United States. Opened in 1958, it served the East Palo Alto area of San Mateo County until its closure in 1976. In 1958 its enrollment was 629 students. During the existence of Ravenswood, East Palo Alto was the low-income area in the shadow","title":"Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto)"},{"psg_id":"11938911","text":"of Education (often known as the Palo Alto Unified School Board) consists of five members elected at-large. The current members of the school board are Melissa Baten Caswell, Ken Dauber, Jennifer DiBrienza, Terry Godfrey, and Todd Collins. On November 6, 2018, Ken Dauber was reelected to a second term, and Shounak Dharap was elected to replace Terry Godfrey. Palo Alto Unified School District The Palo Alto Unified School District is a public school district located near Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It consists of twelve primary schools, three middle schools, two high schools, and an adult school. The district","title":"Palo Alto Unified School District"},{"psg_id":"18254185","text":"rear entrance originally had a similar porch. The hip roof features double brackets and a frieze below its eaves. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1985. Kee House (Palo Alto, California) The Kee House is a historic house located at 2310 Yale St. in Palo Alto, California. Built in 1889, it is one of the oldest houses in Palo Alto and the oldest surviving building from Mayfield, a village that predated Palo Alto and was later annexed into the city. The house was one of the first built in the College Terrace","title":"Kee House (Palo Alto, California)"},{"psg_id":"11938909","text":"Palo Alto city councilwoman because the elder Terman, like David Starr Jordan, espoused eugenics. VTA's community bus routes 88, 88L and 88M stop in front of the school, only operating on school days. Palo Alto Adult School (PAAS) is a California Adult School established by the Palo Alto Unified School District in 1921. It offers a variety of classes at a number of schools. Its main office is located in the Tower Building at Palo Alto High School. There are no restrictions on enrollment in regards to a student's place of residence or citizenship. English as a second language and","title":"Palo Alto Unified School District"},{"psg_id":"14192581","text":"2010. What Do Kids Know? What Do Kids Know? Is a brand new family entertainment show exclusive to Watch, where celebrities and children celebrate the humour and bewilderment of Britain's generation gap. Hosted by Rufus Hound with resident team captains Joe Swash and Sara Cox. It has similarities to Small Talk. The show takes advantage of the communication gap between kids and adults often with hilarious outcomes. The teams consists of two members an adult, who is also the team captain and a child, aged 7–12. This often causes crossed wires and much hilarity. The two resident team captains are","title":"What Do Kids Know?"},{"psg_id":"14192575","text":"What Do Kids Know? What Do Kids Know? Is a brand new family entertainment show exclusive to Watch, where celebrities and children celebrate the humour and bewilderment of Britain's generation gap. Hosted by Rufus Hound with resident team captains Joe Swash and Sara Cox. It has similarities to Small Talk. The show takes advantage of the communication gap between kids and adults often with hilarious outcomes. The teams consists of two members an adult, who is also the team captain and a child, aged 7–12. This often causes crossed wires and much hilarity. The two resident team captains are Joe","title":"What Do Kids Know?"},{"psg_id":"16870232","text":"to be responsible for hacking the Democratic National Committee in 2016. The malware communicates with its command and control server with email and uses encryption to evade detection. Palo Alto Networks Palo Alto Networks, Inc. (NYSE: PANW) is an American multinational cybersecurity company with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. Its core products are a platform that includes advanced firewalls and cloud-based offerings that extend those firewalls to cover other aspects of security. The company serves 50,000+ organizations in 150+ countries, including 85 of the Fortune 100. It is home to the Unit 42 threat research team and hosts the Ignite","title":"Palo Alto Networks"},{"psg_id":"4169476","text":"panels. Palo Alto Battlefield was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 19, 1960. It became Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site on November 10, 1978, with a boundary change authorized on June 23, 1992. On March 30, 2009 the site was redesignated a National Historical Park, and the park was expanded to include the Resaca de la Palma Battlefield, which is a separate 34 acres inside the Brownsville city limits. Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park near Brownsville, Texas is a National Park Service unit which preserves the grounds of the May 8,","title":"Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park"},{"psg_id":"3141514","text":"of a pipe up its trunk to bring water to mist the top of the tree. Although the tree stands today at only 68% of its former stature, it enjoys greater health than nearly a century ago. A 1999 horticultural appraisal of El Palo Alto, conducted in accordance with the Guide for Plant Appraisal authored by the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers and published by the International Society of Arboriculture, valued the tree at $55,600.00. In 2004, seedlings from El Palo Alto were planted in the American Forests Historic Tree Nursery in Jacksonville, Florida. The tree was spray-painted with","title":"El Palo Alto"},{"psg_id":"15304852","text":"Byxbee Park Hills area of Baylands was named for John Fletcher Byxbee Jr., Palo Alto City Engineer from 1906 to 1941. Byxbee was a member of the first graduating class of Palo Alto High School. At Stanford University he studied under C. D. Marx, founder of the City of Palo Alto utilities system, and graduated with a B.A. in Civil Engineering with the class of 1902. At first named Assistant City Engineer, he became City Engineer in 1906. Lucy Evans graduated from Stanford in 1929 and taught at Mayfield School for 23 years. She fought for the preservation of the","title":"Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve"},{"psg_id":"8858069","text":"in her aging automobile looking for Audrey. The four boys' stories continue throughout the night, briefly intersecting, before the sun rises and they all leave home again. Palo Alto (2007 film) Palo Alto is a 2007 independent film that is set in Palo Alto, California and was made by Brad Leong, Tony Vallone, and Daniel Engelhardt, three filmmakers who are locals of that city. The plot centers on four college freshmen on their last night of Thanksgiving Break, their first time back since leaving for school. They find that the old adage about absence making the heart grow fonder rings","title":"Palo Alto (2007 film)"},{"psg_id":"8720824","text":"PGSP officially reincorporated, changed its name to Palo Alto University, and moved to a new campus on Arastradero Road, formerly occupied by the American Institutes for Research, which it had purchased the previous year. The undergraduate programs at Palo Alto University are offered in partnership with Silicon Valley area community colleges like De Anza College, Foothill College, and the College of San Mateo. The bachelor's degree completion programs are created for community college students wishing to transfer to a Bachelor's program and for college graduates wishing to re-specialize in psychology or business psychology. PAU offers an education in psychology for","title":"Palo Alto University"},{"psg_id":"8720826","text":"Mental Health emphasis fulfills all requirements for Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) licensure in California and select U.S. states and countries. In January 2017, both emphases of Palo Alto University's M.A. in Counseling degree were awarded CACREP accreditation. The M.S. in Psychology, is designed to prepare students to pursue a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology or careers in community college teaching, research, and related business and nonprofit fields and is taught through distance learning (with the one-week summer intensive). Both master's programs have online and in-person options. Palo Alto University's Ph.D. program has been accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA)","title":"Palo Alto University"},{"psg_id":"16870224","text":"the Forbes Digital 100. In June 2018, former Google and SoftBank executive Nikesh Arora joined the company as Chairman and CEO. Palo Alto Networks was founded in 2005 by Israeli-American Nir Zuk, a former engineer from Check Point and NetScreen Technologies, and was the principal developer of the first stateful inspection firewall and the first intrusion prevention system. When asked why he started Palo Alto Networks, Zuk cited his objective of solving a problem enterprises were facing with existing network security solutions: the inability to safely enable employees to use modern applications, which entailed developing a firewall that could identify","title":"Palo Alto Networks"},{"psg_id":"7058189","text":"The Daily News (Palo Alto) The Daily News, originally the Palo Alto Daily News, is a free newspaper owned by MediaNews Group and located in Menlo Park. It was formerly published seven days a week and at one point had a circulation of 67,000 (a figure that included five zoned editions which no longer exist). The \"Daily News\" is distributed in red newspaper racks and in stores, coffee shops, restaurants, schools and major workplaces. As of April 7, 2009 the paper ceased to be published as \"The Palo Alto Daily News\" and was consolidated with other San Francisco Peninsula \"Daily","title":"The Daily News (Palo Alto)"},{"psg_id":"11938898","text":"Palo Alto Unified School District The Palo Alto Unified School District is a public school district located near Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It consists of twelve primary schools, three middle schools, two high schools, and an adult school. The district itself was founded on March 20, 1893, with the first school opening in September of that year. Enrollment grew until it reached a peak of 15,576 students in 1967. Afterwards, enrollment declined sharply, forcing the district to close many schools, including . The closing of Jordan Middle School was the reason for the renaming of Wilbur Junior High","title":"Palo Alto Unified School District"},{"psg_id":"16870226","text":"to the full capabilities of both traditional firewalls and intrusion prevention systems): Support for in-line deployment without disrupting network operations, application awareness and full stack visibility allowing for fine-grained detection and control of applications, extra-firewall intelligence, and upgrade paths. Starting in 2011, Gartner began listing Palo Alto Networks as a leader on its enterprise firewall Magic Quadrant. The company debuted on the NYSE in July 20, 2012, raising $260 million with its initial public offering, which was the 4th-largest tech IPO of 2012. In 2014, Palo Alto Networks founded the Cyber Threat Alliance with Fortinet, Mcafee, and Symantec, a not-for-profit","title":"Palo Alto Networks"},{"psg_id":"6276696","text":"of the conflict with airline traffic in San Jose International Airport. The original Palo Alto airport was located adjacent to Stanford stadium and built in the late 1920s . Between 1934 and 1936, a new Palo Alto Airport was built at the airport's current location. In 1989 a comprehensive area history analysis was conducted by Earth Metrics, based upon review of extant aerial photographs.(Earth Metrics, 1989) The photo reconnaissance flights were flown in 1956, 1960, 1973, 1974 and 1980 by the U.S. Department of the Interior, and are archived by the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California. Comparison of","title":"Palo Alto Airport"},{"psg_id":"641296","text":"used bicycles and mopeds. The city was among the first in Santa Clara County to offer advanced life support (ALS) paramedic-level (EMT-P) ambulance service. In an arrangement predating countywide paramedic service, Palo Alto Fire operates two paramedic ambulances which are theoretically shared with county EMS assets. The Palo Alto Fire Department is currently the only fire department in Santa Clara County that routinely transports patients. Rural Metro holds the Santa Clara County 911 contract and provides transportation in other cities. Enhanced 9-1-1 arrived in about 1980 and included the then-new ability to report emergencies from coin telephones without using a","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641289","text":"Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Palo Alto has a city run and owned utility, City of Palo Alto Utilities (CPAU), which provides water, electric, gas service, and waste water disposal within city limits, with the minor exception of a rural portion of the city in the hills west of Interstate 280, past the Country Club, which does not receive gas from the City. Almost all other communities in northern California depend on Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) for gas and electricity. Water and Gas Services (WGS) operates gas and water distribution networks within","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"641291","text":"power shortages. Palo Alto is a member of a joint powers authority (the Northern California Power Agency), which cooperatively generates electricity for government power providers such as the City of Santa Clara, the City of Redding, and the Port of Oakland. Roughly the same group of entities operate the Transmission Agency of Northern California (TANC). TANC transports power over its own lines from as far as British Columbia through an interconnection with the federal Bonneville Power Administration. A local oddity is a series of joint poles; those primary conductor cross arms are marked PGE and CPA (City of Palo Alto)","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"19885604","text":"Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo is located in Palo Alto, California and part of the City of Palo Alto's Community Services Department (CSD). It was founded in 1934 by Josephine O’Hara in the basement of a local elementary school. The small zoo holds approximately 200 species of mostly indigenous wildlife such as bobcats, raccoons, hedgehogs, ducks, bats, snakes and more. The museum has an interactive scientific exhibition that is changed every few years. They offer science classes to local students, over 14,000 students a year. In December 2017, Palo Alto's City Council unanimously","title":"Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo"},{"psg_id":"15304851","text":"although the creek used to flow into the Bay at the site of the former Yacht Club. In the late 1920s levees were constructed to re-route San Francisquito Creek away from its former mouth, to a sharp north turn for about half a mile, then to the northeast, before exiting to the Bay. Dredging of the former Yacht Club produced landfill for the filling of marshlands to construct the Palo Alto Airport and Municipal Golf Course. By 2004, filled areas such as the Palo Alto golf course and the Palo Alto Airport had reduced the tidal marsh to . The","title":"Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve"},{"psg_id":"8537189","text":"College Terrace and elsewhere in California. College Terrace, Palo Alto, California College Terrace is a neighborhood in the city of Palo Alto, California, adjacent to Stanford University. An all-residential neighborhood, College Terrace stretches 12 by two blocks. It lies between South California Avenue and Stanford Avenue, from Amherst Street to El Camino Real. College Avenue runs down the center of the neighborhood. College Terrace is directly adjacent to Escondido Village, a campus residence on the southern edge of Stanford University. The neighborhood features its own branch of the Palo Alto Public Library system. There are three parks in the College","title":"College Terrace, Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"9890827","text":"Railroad was built through then-empty land north of Mayfield in 1863. The first Palo Alto station was opened in 1890 to serve the then-new Stanford University. It was replaced by a larger depot in 1896. The Southern Pacific Railroad opened a new station in 1941 as part of a grade separation project. Designed by John H. Christie, it was constructed in the Streamline Moderne style to match the railroad's \"Daylight\" series of streamlined passenger trains. Intercity service to Palo Alto ended in 1971; the Peninsula Commute service continued and was renamed Caltrain in 1985. The station building was listed on","title":"Palo Alto station"},{"psg_id":"641253","text":"to the arrival of Europeans, the Ohlone lived on the San Francisco peninsula; in particular, the Puichon Ohlone lived in the Palo Alto area. The area of modern Palo Alto was first recorded by the 1769 party of Gaspar de Portolà, a 63-man, 200-horse expedition from San Diego to Monterey. The group overshot Monterey in the fog and when they reached modern-day Pacifica, ascended Sweeney Ridge and saw the San Francisco Bay. Portolà descended from Sweeney Ridge southeast down San Andreas Creek to Laguna Creek (now Crystal Springs Reservoirs) and the Filoli estate, and thence to the San Francisquito Creek","title":"Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"3872652","text":"SS Palo Alto SS \"Palo Alto\" was a concrete ship built as a tanker at the end of World War I. It was built by the San Francisco Shipbuilding Company at the U.S. Naval Shipyard in Oakland, California. It was launched on 29 May 1919, too late to see service in the war. Her sister ship was the . It was mothballed in Oakland until 1929, when it was bought by the Seacliff Amusement Corporation and towed to Seacliff State Beach in Aptos, California. A pier was built leading to the ship in 1930, and it was sunk in a","title":"SS Palo Alto"},{"psg_id":"8537187","text":"College Terrace, Palo Alto, California College Terrace is a neighborhood in the city of Palo Alto, California, adjacent to Stanford University. An all-residential neighborhood, College Terrace stretches 12 by two blocks. It lies between South California Avenue and Stanford Avenue, from Amherst Street to El Camino Real. College Avenue runs down the center of the neighborhood. College Terrace is directly adjacent to Escondido Village, a campus residence on the southern edge of Stanford University. The neighborhood features its own branch of the Palo Alto Public Library system. There are three parks in the College Terrace neighborhood: There are three religious","title":"College Terrace, Palo Alto, California"},{"psg_id":"20813161","text":"Wilson House (Palo Alto, California) The Wilson House is a historic house in Palo Alto, California. It was built in 1906. It was designed in the Colonial Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 2, 1980. According to the NRHP: \"Almost two stories in height, it is, in terms of size, shape and quality among the finest residential example of its era in Palo Alto. The design is complex, the colors striking, and the rounded forms dictated by the bay are both unusual and difficult to execute. The workmanship is particularly","title":"Wilson House (Palo Alto, California)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641265\",\n \"text\": \"time was attached to what is now College Terrace), but was incorporated in 1894 with the name Palo Alto. With Stanford's support, Palo Alto grew to the size of Mayfield. After long-running strife in Mayfield and a Mayfield ordinance banning saloons that took effect in January 1905, on July 2, 1925, Palo Alto voters approved the annexation of Mayfield and the two communities were officially consolidated on July 6, 1925. As a result Palo Alto has two downtown areas: one along University Avenue and one along California Avenue. The \\\"Mayfield News\\\" wrote its own obituary four days later: Palo Alto\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4220920\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto High School Palo Alto Senior High School, known locally as \\\"Paly\\\", is a public comprehensive high school located in Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1898 and is one of the oldest high schools in the region. The school's property is adjacent to Stanford University. Paly has a rivalry with crosstown Gunn High School. 2015–16 In October 2014, a new Media Arts Center (MAC) was unveiled at Paly. The MAC is the hub of journalism at Palo Alto High School. These publications have a dedicated class associated with them. These publications are clubs but do not have\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13299094\",\n \"text\": \"Newsweeklies. They maintain Palo Alto Online and Palo Alto Wiki. The paper won many awards from the California Newspaper Publishers Association. Palo Alto Weekly The Palo Alto Weekly is a weekly community newspaper in Palo Alto in the U.S. state of California. Owned by Embarcadero Media, it serves Palo Alto, Menlo Park, Atherton, Portola Valley, Stanford, East Palo Alto and Los Altos Hills. It was established in 1979 as an alternative to the town's daily newspaper, the \\\"Peninsula Times Tribune\\\", which ceased publishing in 1993. At that time, the \\\"Weekly\\\" expanded to twice-a-week. In 1995, a new daily, the \\\"Palo\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Weekly\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641301\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Palo Alto Daily Post\\\" publishes six days a week. \\\"Palo Alto Daily News\\\", a unit of the San Jose Mercury News, publishes 5 days a week.\\\" Palo Alto Weekly\\\" is published Fridays. \\\"Palo Alto Times\\\", a daily newspaper served Palo Alto and neighboring cities beginning in 1894. In 1979 it became the \\\"Peninsula Times Tribune\\\". The newspaper ceased publication in 1993. KDOW 1220 AM began broadcasting in 1949 as KIBE; it later became KDFC, simulcasting classical KDFC-FM. As KDOW it broadcasts a business news format. The transmitter is in East Palo Alto near the western approach to Dumbarton Bridge with\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024627\",\n \"text\": \"city's first full-service supermarket in 23 years. Starting in 2006, a large real estate investor, Page Mill Properties, purchased almost the entire west side of East Palo Alto and contested most of the city's rent control laws in what some claimed was a 'predatory equity scheme'. Page Mill left East Palo Alto in the fall of 2009 after defaulting on a $240-million bank loan. East Palo Alto is located in San Mateo County. Despite its name, it lies almost entirely north, and not east, of Palo Alto. (This may be explained by how directions on the Peninsula are traditionally defined\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13299092\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Weekly The Palo Alto Weekly is a weekly community newspaper in Palo Alto in the U.S. state of California. Owned by Embarcadero Media, it serves Palo Alto, Menlo Park, Atherton, Portola Valley, Stanford, East Palo Alto and Los Altos Hills. It was established in 1979 as an alternative to the town's daily newspaper, the \\\"Peninsula Times Tribune\\\", which ceased publishing in 1993. At that time, the \\\"Weekly\\\" expanded to twice-a-week. In 1995, a new daily, the \\\"Palo Alto Daily News\\\", began publishing. In 2008, a second daily, \\\"The Daily Post\\\", began in Palo Alto. In September 2009, the\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Weekly\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641251\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto, California Palo Alto () is a charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Palo Alto means \\\"tall tree\\\" in Spanish; the city is named after a coastal redwood tree called El Palo Alto. The city was established by Leland Stanford Sr. when he founded Stanford University, following the death of his son, Leland Stanford Jr. Palo Alto includes portions of Stanford University and shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley, and Menlo Park. As of\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9890836\",\n \"text\": \"Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority proposed to relocate the bus plaza onto both sides of University Avenue. Palo Alto station is also a major transfer point for regional and local bus systems: Dumbarton Express, SamTrans, VTA, and some Marguerite buses stop in a bus plaza located northwest of the station building (adjacent to the southbound platform), with some Marguerite buses instead stopping south of the station building. Most other shuttles and some Marguerite buses stop near the northbound platform. Palo Alto station Palo Alto station (also called Palo Alto Transit Center) is an intermodal transit center located in Palo Alto,\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641306\",\n \"text\": \"Valley. San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans) provides service to San Mateo County to the north but some lines include the Palo Alto Transit Center. The Stanford University Free Shuttle (Marguerite) provides a supplementary bus service between Stanford University and the Palo Alto Transit Center, and the Palo Alto Free Shuttle (Crosstown and Embarcadero), which circulates frequently, and provides service to major points in Palo Alto, including the main library, downtown, the Municipal Golf Course, the Palo Alto Transit Center, and both high schools. Cycling is a popular mode of transportation in Palo Alto. 9.5% of residents bicycle to work,\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8894929\",\n \"text\": \"The art center has an extensive volunteer program, with volunteers performing both regular and one-time tasks. Art Docents conduct free guided tours of the temporary exhibitions (Art Dialogues). Palo Alto Art Center Palo Alto Art Center is multi-purpose center for various art-related activities in the city of Palo Alto, California. The Palo Alto Art Center Foundation (PAACF) is the nonprofit that supports the Palo Alto Art Center. The Palo Alto Art Center when it was founded in 1971, was named the Palo Alto Community Cultural Center. The art center has many educational activities, such as weekly classes and special days.\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Art Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12026698\",\n \"text\": \"to run two businesses,\\\" while the website said that \\\"Giving away news online is a dumb way to do business.\\\" As of May 2018, \\\"The Post\\\" website does have news stories, but also recommends that readers get a copy of the print edition to read some stories not published online. Palo Alto Daily Post The Daily Post is a free newspaper in Palo Alto, California, founded in 2008 by the \\\"Palo Alto Daily News's\\\" founders, Dave Price and Jim Pavelich, who had sold that paper to new owners three years earlier. \\\"The Post\\\" is published Monday-Saturday and distributed in more\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Daily Post\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8858065\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto (2007 film) Palo Alto is a 2007 independent film that is set in Palo Alto, California and was made by Brad Leong, Tony Vallone, and Daniel Engelhardt, three filmmakers who are locals of that city. The plot centers on four college freshmen on their last night of Thanksgiving Break, their first time back since leaving for school. They find that the old adage about absence making the heart grow fonder rings true in director Brad Leong's nostalgic comedy drama. Only then do they realize their small town, once seemingly boring and meaningless, has much more to offer than\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6276698\",\n \"text\": \"in the area such as the Baylands Business Park adjacent and to south of the site and the structure now located at 1860 Embarcadero Road. The Harvey Gum Factory was demolished in 1982, based upon Palo Alto Planning Department records. In 2015 the City of Palo Alto took over operations from Santa Clara County, after a 50-year lease had ended. Note that though NAAS King City was built by an entity named \\\"Palo Alto Airport Inc\\\", it is not related to KPAO and located 100 miles further south. Palo Alto Airport Palo Alto Airport is a general aviation airport in\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3141515\",\n \"text\": \"graffiti in August 2010, but was subsequently cleaned. El Palo Alto El Palo Alto () is a \\\"Sequoia sempervirens\\\" (coast redwood tree) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814, its top progressively dying from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. The landmark redwood is 90 inches (2.3 meters) in diameter, and has a\",\n \"title\": \"El Palo Alto\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3141508\",\n \"text\": \"El Palo Alto El Palo Alto () is a \\\"Sequoia sempervirens\\\" (coast redwood tree) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814, its top progressively dying from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. The landmark redwood is 90 inches (2.3 meters) in diameter, and has a crown spread of 40 feet (12 meters). In\",\n \"title\": \"El Palo Alto\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641286\",\n \"text\": \"home sales price of $1,677,000. In 2010, Palo Alto ranked as the 2nd most expensive city in the United States, with a four-bedroom, two-bathroom home listing for $1.48 million on average. A primary driver of housing market values in Palo Alto is the political climate that is restricting new development in a city with a large jobs-to-housing imbalance and some of the most attractive jobs in the country. In addition, Palo Alto schools test at some of the highest levels in the Bay Area. Palo Alto is by some measures the most expensive college town in the United States. A\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641304\",\n \"text\": \"the busiest single-runway general aviation airports in the country. It is used by many daily commuters who fly (usually in private single-engine aircraft) from their homes in the Central Valley to work in the Palo Alto area. Major airlines offer service at San Jose International Airport (SJC), about southeast, and San Francisco International Airport (SFO), about north. Train service is available via Caltrain with service between San Francisco and San Jose and extending to Gilroy. Caltrain has two regular stops in Palo Alto, the main one at the Palo Alto Station in downtown Palo Alto (local, limited, and express) and\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9890834\",\n \"text\": \"on February 27, 2007 as a paid and unstaffed facility with 96 spaces. The bus plaza adjacent to the station building was renovated in 2005. from 2008 to 2009, Caltrain constructed the $35 million Palo Alto Stations Improvement Project at Palo Alto and California Avenue stations. At Palo Alto, the northern underpass was modified to make it accessible, allowing the nearby pedestrian level crossing to be closed. The platforms (shortened significantly since the station was built) were rebuilt and lengthened. New lighting, shelters, and message signs were installed. Palo Alto is the second-busiest Caltrain station after San Francisco, averaging 7,764\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641305\",\n \"text\": \"the other at California Avenue (local and limited). A third, the Stanford station, located beside Alma Street at Embarcadero Road, is used to provide special services for occasional sports events (generally football) at Stanford Stadium. The main Palo Alto stop is the second most popular (behind 4th and King in San Francisco) on Caltrain's entire line. The Palo Alto Transit Center adjacent to the Palo Alto Train Station is the major bus hub for northern Santa Clara county. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) provides primary bus service through Palo Alto with service to the south bay and Silicon\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641298\",\n \"text\": \"the police department and the animal services organization. The Palo Alto Unified School District provides public education for most of Palo Alto. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, Palo Alto has a student-teacher ratio of 14.9, much lower than some surrounding communities. Juana Briones Elementary has a student/teacher ratio of 14.4. The school board meets at 7 p.m. on the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays of the month; the meetings are open to the public and city, cast live on Channel 28. Channel 28 is operated by the Mid-peninsula Community Media Center in Palo Alto, which is affiliated with\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8720822\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto University Palo Alto University (PAU) is a non-profit, private educational institution in Palo Alto, California, United States. It was founded in 1975 as the Pacific Graduate School of Psychology (PGSP). Palo Alto University offers two undergraduate degree programs (Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Social Action and Bachelor of Science in Business Psychology) and four graduate programs: a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology as part of a consortium with Stanford University, and two master's degree programs: an M.A. in Counseling and an M.S. in Psychology. PAU subscribes to the practitioner-scientist training model, a variation\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6276693\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Airport Palo Alto Airport is a general aviation airport in the city of Palo Alto in Santa Clara County, California, USA, near the south end of San Francisco Bay on the western shore. It is among the busiest General Aviation airports in the United States, though the #1 rank belongs to Van Nuys Airport (KVNY) Palo Alto Airport covers and has one asphalt paved runway (13/31) measuring 2,443 × 70 ft. (745 × 21 m). First time pilots should familiarize themselves with the complex SF Bay Area airspace, especially the overlying SFO Class B and the abutting SJC\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641299\",\n \"text\": \"the Alliance for Community Media. ACM represents over 2000 PEG channels in the US. Government-access television (GATV) Cable TV. Palo Alto students attend one of two high schools, Gunn High School or Palo Alto High School. There are also 3 middle schools, J.L.S., Jordan, and Terman. The Los Altos School District and Mountain View-Los Altos Union High School District provide public education for the Monroe neighborhood portion of Palo Alto off El Camino Real south of Adobe Creek. The Palo Alto City Library has five branches, with a total of 265,000 items in their collections. The library's mission is to\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9890826\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto station Palo Alto station (also called Palo Alto Transit Center) is an intermodal transit center located in Palo Alto, California. It is served by Caltrain regional rail service, SamTrans and Santa Clara VTA local bus service, Dumbarton Express regional bus service, the Stanford University Marguerite Shuttle, and several local shuttle services. Palo Alto is the second-busiest Caltrain station after San Francisco, averaging 7,764 weekday boardings by a 2018 count. The Caltrain station has two side platforms serving the two tracks of the Peninsula Subdivision, while the bus transfer plaza is located nearby. The San Francisco and San Jose\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8894928\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Art Center Palo Alto Art Center is multi-purpose center for various art-related activities in the city of Palo Alto, California. The Palo Alto Art Center Foundation (PAACF) is the nonprofit that supports the Palo Alto Art Center. The Palo Alto Art Center when it was founded in 1971, was named the Palo Alto Community Cultural Center. The art center has many educational activities, such as weekly classes and special days. It also has exhibition galleries, where it hosts a number of temporary art exhibitions per year that focus on art and artists of the San Francisco Bay Area.\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Art Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024614\",\n \"text\": \"East Palo Alto, California East Palo Alto (abbreviated E.P.A.) is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of East Palo Alto was 28,155. It is situated on the San Francisco Peninsula, roughly halfway between the cities of San Francisco and San Jose. To the north and east is the San Francisco Bay, to the west is the city of Menlo Park, and to the south the city of Palo Alto. Despite being called \\\"East\\\" Palo Alto, the city is directly north of Palo Alto. While often incorrectly assumed to be part\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024640\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto; however, it does cause significant traffic backups at rush hour and the city is also affected by noise from events at the nearby Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View. The Baylands Nature Preserve borders the city of East Palo Alto. The long trail along the marshland connects Mountain View, Palo Alto, and East Palo and it is used by bike commuters every day. East Palo Alto, California East Palo Alto (abbreviated E.P.A.) is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of East Palo Alto was 28,155. It is situated on\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024618\",\n \"text\": \"dot-com boom of the late 1990s largely bypassed East Palo Alto. The Ravenswood City School District, which serves East Palo Alto and part of adjoining Menlo Park, has struggled with low academic performance. Eventually, however, the Peninsula's shortage of land and soaring property prices meant that even East Palo Alto became an option for urban regeneration. Until recently, gentrification has been rare in East Palo Alto. East Palo Alto also includes a small piece of land across the Bayshore Freeway (US 101) from the shopping center, a roughly triangular area between US 101 and San Francisquito Creek, formerly the site\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641285\",\n \"text\": \"that now cost anywhere from $800,000 to well in excess of $40 million, much of Palo Alto's housing stock is in the style of California mid-century middle-class suburbia. It has highly rated public schools (see: Gunn High School and Palo Alto High School), a high quality of life, numerous parks and open space reserves, and a vibrant downtown area. The median home sale price for all of Palo Alto was more than $1.2 million in 2007 and $1.4 million in July 2009. Palo Alto ranked in as the 5th most expensive city in the United States , with an average\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024616\",\n \"text\": \"from Google and Facebook, have begun to eliminate the cultural and economic differences between the two cities. East Palo Alto and Palo Alto share both telephone area codes and postal ZIP codes. 43% of East Palo Alto's residents were African Americans in 1990, which was the result of redlining practices and racial deed restrictions in Palo Alto. Latinos now constitute about 65% of the total population, while the proportion of African Americans has decreased to about 15%. A small minority of Pacific Islanders also reside in East Palo Alto, most of Tongan, Samoan and Indo-Fijian origin.. East Palo Alto has\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8720828\",\n \"text\": \"in 2006. According to \\\"U.S. News & World Report\\\", the PAU-Stanford Consortium ranks 87th in the nation for best health schools by category of clinical psychology. Students from the PAU Ph.D Clinical Psychology and PAU-Stanford Psy.D. Consortium program receive initial clinical practical training at the Gronowski Center, a mental health clinic hosted and partially funded by Palo Alto University that provides low-fee services on a sliding scale to the Bay Area community. Palo Alto University Palo Alto University (PAU) is a non-profit, private educational institution in Palo Alto, California, United States. It was founded in 1975 as the Pacific Graduate\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024638\",\n \"text\": \"Alto. In 2014, the Sequoia Union High School District discontinued the practice of busing. Today, East Palo Alto residents are zoned to Menlo-Atherton High School in Atherton. Through the district Open Enrollment process, some residents choose to attend Carlmont, Woodside High School in Woodside, or Sequoia High School in Redwood City. Alternatively, East Palo Alto Academy (opened in 2001 as East Palo Alto High School) and East Palo Alto Phoenix Academy (opened 2006) are charter high schools in East Palo Alto. There is also a private high school, Eastside College Preparatory, which opened in 1996. Every year, parents of incoming\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641268\",\n \"text\": \"at 367 Addison Avenue. Hewlett Packard recently restored the house and garage. A second historic district on Ramona Street can be found downtown between University and Hamilton Avenues. The Palo Alto Chinese School is the oldest in the entire Bay Area. It is also home to the second oldest opera company in California, the West Bay Opera. Palo Alto, California is also home to a long standing baseball tradition: The Palo Alto Oaks. The Palo Alto Oaks are a collegiate, summer baseball club that have been in the Bay Area since 1950, 8 years longer than the San Francisco Giants.\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641303\",\n \"text\": \"by two major freeways, Highway 101 and Interstate 280, and is traversed by the Peninsula's main north-south boulevard, El Camino Real (SR 82). The city is also served indirectly by State Route 84 which traverses the Dumbarton Bridge to the north. There are no parking meters in Palo Alto, and all municipal parking lots and multi-level parking structures are free but limited to two or three hours per weekday 8am–5pm. Downtown Palo Alto has recently added many new lots to fill the overflow of vehicles. Palo Alto is served by Palo Alto Airport of Santa Clara County (KPAO), one of\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13876278\",\n \"text\": \"part of the community. Palo Alto, Mississippi Palo Alto (also Savannah) is a ghost town in Clay County, Mississippi. Established c. 1846, it is located at (33.6806738, -88.8000525) at an elevation of 279 feet (85 m). In 1876, Palo Alto was the site of an incident in which a group of heavily armed white men brought a piece of field artillery and broke up a meeting of the Republican Club in order to suppress black voters. In 1987, the townsite was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name of \\\"Town of Palo Alto.\\\" Nearly were listed\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, Mississippi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13876277\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto, Mississippi Palo Alto (also Savannah) is a ghost town in Clay County, Mississippi. Established c. 1846, it is located at (33.6806738, -88.8000525) at an elevation of 279 feet (85 m). In 1876, Palo Alto was the site of an incident in which a group of heavily armed white men brought a piece of field artillery and broke up a meeting of the Republican Club in order to suppress black voters. In 1987, the townsite was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name of \\\"Town of Palo Alto.\\\" Nearly were listed on the Register as\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, Mississippi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641302\",\n \"text\": \"power of 5,000 watts daytime and 145 watts nighttime. The Midpeninsula Community Media Center provides public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable tv channels 26, 28, 29, 30 and 75. Among other programs, Palo Alto Institute runs a unique film festival, the Palo Alto International Film Festival, that focuses on the ways in which new technologies influence and are influenced by artistic revolution in media. The movie \\\"Palo Alto\\\" (2007) was filmed in the town and many landmarks can be seen in the background but the plot could be centered in any smaller town or city. Palo Alto is served\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13586402\",\n \"text\": \"and supportive learning environment, which promotes the intellectual, cultural, economic, and social life of the community. Palo Alto College fulfills its function by offering the following: The college also provides several programs in logistics and supply chain management education and training at the associate degree and certificate levels. Palo Alto College Palo Alto College is a community college located in the San Antonio, Texas, USA area. It is one of five separately accredited colleges in the Alamo Colleges District. Palo Alto College was first approved by ACCD Board of Trustees on February 21, 1983 and chartered by the Texas Legislature\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024628\",\n \"text\": \"by having Caltrain as north-south. Caltrain runs northwest-southeast in Palo Alto, so \\\"east\\\" would mean northeast. In addition, downtown Palo Alto is in the northwest corner of the city, so East Palo Alto is indeed northeast of downtown Palo Alto.) It is bordered on the west by Menlo Park, to the south by Palo Alto, and to the east by the San Francisco Bay. The San Francisquito Creek defines its southern edge. To the north are Ravenswood Point and the western end of the Dumbarton Bridge in Menlo Park. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641300\",\n \"text\": \"enable people to explore library resources to enrich their lives with knowledge, information, and enjoyment. For Palo Alto library card holders, the main library web page also offers links to primary source databases with collections of magazine, newspaper, and other print articles. The Palo Alto City Library is also a member of the Northern California Digital Library, which allows card holders to browse and download the digital resources made available. Library cards are freely available for California residents. The Mitchell Park Library, the largest one in Palo Alto, was under construction beginning in 2010, but reopened in December 2014. The\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10239889\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Chinese School Founded in 1963, Palo Alto Chinese School (PACS) is located in Palo Alto, California and is the oldest Chinese school in the San Francisco Bay Area. The school was formed with a merger between a Cantonese school and a Mandarin school. The history of the Cantonese school could be traced back to 1960, when the Santa Clara Overseas Chinese School was founded. School hours are 7:00PM - 9:00PM on Friday nights at Jane Lathrop Stanford Middle School, 480 E. Meadow Dr, Palo Alto, from late August to early June. Annual tuition is $320 (new student and\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Chinese School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14625166\",\n \"text\": \"five geographical divisions: Santa Cruz, Palo Alto, Camino, Alameda and Mills Peninsula. Palo Alto Medical Foundation The Palo Alto Medical Foundation for Health Care, Research and Education (PAMF) is a not-for-profit health care organization with medical offices in more than 15 cities in the Bay Area. It has more than 900 physicians and had over 2 million patient visits in 2008. It is rated as one of California’s top medical groups. The history of the group dates back to 1930, when Dr. Russel Van Arsdale Lee founded the Palo Alto Medical Clinic (PAMC). Within a few years, several physicians joined\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Medical Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10239891\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Chinese School is a member of the Association of Northern California Chinese Schools (ANCCS). Palo Alto Chinese School Founded in 1963, Palo Alto Chinese School (PACS) is located in Palo Alto, California and is the oldest Chinese school in the San Francisco Bay Area. The school was formed with a merger between a Cantonese school and a Mandarin school. The history of the Cantonese school could be traced back to 1960, when the Santa Clara Overseas Chinese School was founded. School hours are 7:00PM - 9:00PM on Friday nights at Jane Lathrop Stanford Middle School, 480 E. Meadow\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Chinese School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024615\",\n \"text\": \"of the city of Palo Alto, East Palo Alto has always been a separate entity since its founding as an unincorporated community until its incorporation in June 1983. It is also in San Mateo County, while Palo Alto is in Santa Clara County. The two cities are separated only by San Francisquito Creek and, largely, the Bayshore Freeway (the vast majority of East Palo Alto is northeast of the freeway, while all of the residential part of Palo Alto is southwest of the freeway). The revitalization projects in 2000, and high income high-tech professionals moving into new developments, including employees\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641276\",\n \"text\": \"day was on February 3, 1998. Measurable snowfall is very rare in downtown Palo Alto, but fell on January 21, 1962. It is more common in the higher but rural sections of the town. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Palo Alto has a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Csb) Palo Alto was incorporated in 1894. In 1909, a municipal charter created a local government consisting of a fifteen-member City Council, with responsibilities for various governmental functions delegated to appointed committees. In 1950, the City adopted a Council–manager government. Several appointed committees continue to advise the City Council on specialized issues,\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16870223\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Networks Palo Alto Networks, Inc. (NYSE: PANW) is an American multinational cybersecurity company with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. Its core products are a platform that includes advanced firewalls and cloud-based offerings that extend those firewalls to cover other aspects of security. The company serves 50,000+ organizations in 150+ countries, including 85 of the Fortune 100. It is home to the Unit 42 threat research team and hosts the Ignite cybersecurity conference. The company's mission statement is \\\"to protect our way of life in the digital age by preventing successful cyberattacks\\\". Palo Alto Networks is listed 8th in\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Networks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13586400\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto College Palo Alto College is a community college located in the San Antonio, Texas, USA area. It is one of five separately accredited colleges in the Alamo Colleges District. Palo Alto College was first approved by ACCD Board of Trustees on February 21, 1983 and chartered by the Texas Legislature on March 19, 1983 - the official date of its founding. The college began with 231 students in high schools and military installations with administrative offices located at Billy Mitchell Village. As of 2007-2008, the college had 7,662 students enrolled. The college is set on nearly of land.\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641287\",\n \"text\": \"majority of Stanford students live on campus. Palo Alto serves as a central economic focal point of the Silicon Valley, and is home to more than 7,000 businesses employing more than 98,000 people. Many prominent technology firms reside in the Stanford Research Park on Page Mill Road, while nearby Sand Hill Road in the adjacent city of Menlo Park is a notable hub of venture capitalists. The city's economy generally follows the economic trends of the rest of the Silicon Valley. Well-known companies and research facilities headquartered in Palo Alto include: Other notable companies with significant presences in Palo Alto\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641293\",\n \"text\": \"called SBC and Pacific Bell. One of the earliest central office facilities switching Palo Alto calls is the historic Davenport central office (CO) at 529 Bryant Street. The building was sold and is now the home of the Palo Alto Internet Exchange. The former CO building is marked by a bronze plaque and is located on the north side of Bryant Street between University Avenue and Hamilton Avenue. It was called Davenport after the exchange name at the introduction of dial telephone service in Palo Alto. For example, modern numbers starting with 325- were Davenport 5 in the 1950s and\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1024636\",\n \"text\": \"to the east across San Francisco Bay, and carries State Route 84 into East Palo Alto toward U.S. 101. Public transportation is provided by SamTrans. The Ravenswood City School District has its headquarters in East Palo Alto. District K-8 schools include Costaño Elementary School, Belle Haven Community School, and James Flood Magnet School. 5–8 schools include Cesar Chávez Academy and Ronald McNair Academy. San Francisco 49ers Academy, a 6–8 district school, is in East Palo Alto. K-5 schools in East Palo Alto include Brentwood Academy (a district charter) and Green Oaks Academy. Ravenswood Child Development Center is in East Palo\",\n \"title\": \"East Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12026696\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Daily Post The Daily Post is a free newspaper in Palo Alto, California, founded in 2008 by the \\\"Palo Alto Daily News's\\\" founders, Dave Price and Jim Pavelich, who had sold that paper to new owners three years earlier. \\\"The Post\\\" is published Monday-Saturday and distributed in more than a dozen communities on the San Francisco Peninsula. The paper covers local news and carries reports from the Associated Press. \\\"The Post\\\" was founded by Price and Pavelich, originally occupying the \\\"Daily News's\\\" old office at 324 High Street in downtown Palo Alto, which the \\\"News\\\" had vacated when\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Daily Post\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9890828\",\n \"text\": \"the National Register of Historic Places as Palo Alto Southern Pacific Railroad Depot in 1996. The San Francisco and San Jose Railroad opened from San Francisco to Mayfield in 1863, and to San Jose the next year. Several decades later, Leland Stanford founded the new town of Palo Alto to the north of Mayfield. Palo Alto station was opened in 1890 to serve the new Stanford University. The original structure had open sides supported by posts; it was enclosed in 1893 as a waiting room. A temporary building for ticket sales, telegraphy, and baggage was constructed between it and a\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3141513\",\n \"text\": \"and Peninsula cities like Palo Alto began obtaining water from the Hetch Hetchy system. El Palo Alto was unable to access the lowered groundwater, as redwoods are typically shallow rooted. By the mid-1960s the tree was in severe decline, leading to successive die-off of the treetop, until the water table began to recover in the late 1990s. Efforts to restore the tree's health by the Southern Pacific Railroad, the City of Palo Alto and local citizens included progressive pruning of the dying treetop, addition of soil and mulch at the tree’s base, removal of dead limbs, pesticide spraying and installation\",\n \"title\": \"El Palo Alto\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17099121\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto (short story collection) Palo Alto is a collection of linked short stories by American actor and writer James Franco. The collection was published on October 19, 2010, by Scribner's. The stories are about teenagers and their experiments with vices and their struggles with their families. The book is named after his hometown of Palo Alto, California, and is dedicated to many of the writers he worked with at Brooklyn College. Inspired by some of Franco's own teenage memories, and memories written and submitted by high school students at Palo Alto Senior High School, the stories describe life in\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto (short story collection)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641292\",\n \"text\": \"to identify each utility's side of the shared cross arms. Palo Alto has an ongoing community debate about the city providing fiber optic connectivity to all residences. A series of pilot programs have been proposed. One proposal called for the city to install dark fiber, which would be made live by a contractor. Services traditionally attributed to a cable television provider were sold to a regulated commercial concern. Previously the cable system was operated by a cooperative called Palo Alto Cable Coop. The former Regional Bell Operating Company in Palo Alto was Pacific Telephone, now called AT&T Inc., and previously\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641260\",\n \"text\": \"father to twenty-nine children, still lived just south of Palo Alto, near the location of the present-day San Antonio Shopping Center in Mountain View. Many of the Spanish names in the Palo Alto area represent the local heritage, descriptive terms and former residents. Pena Court, Miranda Avenue, which was essentially Foothill Expwy, was the married name of Juana Briones and the name occurs in Courts and Avenues and other street names in Palo Alto and Mountain View in the quadrant where she owned vast areas between Stanford University, Grant Road in Mountain View and west of El Camino Real. Yerba\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13586401\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto College has over 100 staff members and full-time faculty members. PAC’s original complex included 11 buildings and 26 classrooms. The new college attracted students from throughout Bexar County and adjoining counties. In 1991, Palo Alto College was named the fastest growing college. Consistent increases in enrollment have prompted physical growth, specifically through the construction of new facilities for added classroom space as well as sports and recreation. As a public comprehensive community college, Palo Alto College provides exemplary, accessible education and training to a diverse and aspiring community. The College educates, nurtures, and inspires students through a dynamic\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1211993\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto, Pennsylvania Palo Alto is a borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,052 at the 2000 census. The borough stretches along the south bank of the Schuylkill River. Bacon Street is the main street of town. The borough shares Pottsville's ZIP Code, telephone exchanges, and school district. The borough maintains its own fire department and police department. Palo Alto is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,052 people, 444 households, and\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641278\",\n \"text\": \"House of Representatives, Palo Alto is in . The 2010 United States Census reported that Palo Alto had a population of 64,403. The population density was 2,497.5 people per square mile (964.3/km²). The racial makeup of Palo Alto was 41,359 (64.2%) White, 17,461 (27.1%) Asian, 1,197 (1.9%) African American, 121 (0.2%) Native American, 142 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,426 (2.2%) from other races, and 2,697 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,974 persons (6.2%). The Census reported that 63,820 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 205 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters,\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18254184\",\n \"text\": \"Kee House (Palo Alto, California) The Kee House is a historic house located at 2310 Yale St. in Palo Alto, California. Built in 1889, it is one of the oldest houses in Palo Alto and the oldest surviving building from Mayfield, a village that predated Palo Alto and was later annexed into the city. The house was one of the first built in the College Terrace tract, a middle-class residential area named for its proximity to Stanford University. The two-story house has an Italianate design with Eastlake elements. The front and side porches feature carved brackets and turned posts; the\",\n \"title\": \"Kee House (Palo Alto, California)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641313\",\n \"text\": \"LG Chem, Sony, Hitachi and Sanyo. The companies were accused of unfair business practices. They were alleged to have fixed prices of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in laptops, smartphones and GPS devices, and Palo Alto has purchased a lot of such devices. Palo Alto's case will be consolidated with many others brought against the batteries producers in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The companies are also facing at least 10 lawsuits in New Jersey. The city is represented by Rene Sloan Holtzman & Sakai, LLP, and Green & Noblin, P.C. Palo Alto,\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4220922\",\n \"text\": \"tennis, volleyball, water polo, and wrestling teams. The school is also home to several athletic clubs, including an Ultimate Frisbee Club. Palo Alto High School Palo Alto Senior High School, known locally as \\\"Paly\\\", is a public comprehensive high school located in Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1898 and is one of the oldest high schools in the region. The school's property is adjacent to Stanford University. Paly has a rivalry with crosstown Gunn High School. 2015–16 In October 2014, a new Media Arts Center (MAC) was unveiled at Paly. The MAC is the hub of journalism at\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11938910\",\n \"text\": \"citizenship classes are free and other classes charge a very low fee. Herb Wong, jazz expert and educator, was a teacher at the adult school. The Palo Alto Adult School is part of the North Santa Clara County Student Transition Consortium (STC), with nearby De Anza College, Foothill College, Mountain View Los Altos Adult Education, and Sunnyvale-Cupertino Adult Education. The Adult School offers classes at seven locations within the borders of the Palo Alto Unified School District. At its peak in 1967, Palo Alto had 22 K-6 elementary schools. Of those, these schools are closed: The Palo Alto Unified Board\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Unified School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"946061\",\n \"text\": \"census of Palo Alto County. † \\\"county seat\\\" Palo Alto County, Iowa Palo Alto County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,421. The county seat is Emmetsburg. It is named for the first battlefield victory in the Mexican–American War. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. The 2010 census recorded a population of 9,421 in the county, with a population density of . There were 4,628 housing units, of which 3,994 were occupied.\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto County, Iowa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14625161\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Medical Foundation The Palo Alto Medical Foundation for Health Care, Research and Education (PAMF) is a not-for-profit health care organization with medical offices in more than 15 cities in the Bay Area. It has more than 900 physicians and had over 2 million patient visits in 2008. It is rated as one of California’s top medical groups. The history of the group dates back to 1930, when Dr. Russel Van Arsdale Lee founded the Palo Alto Medical Clinic (PAMC). Within a few years, several physicians joined Dr. Lee, including Edward F. Roth, Blake C. Wilbur, Herbert Niebel, Milton\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Medical Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13203769\",\n \"text\": \"Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto) Ravenswood High School was a public high school located in East Palo Alto, California, United States. Opened in 1958, it served the East Palo Alto area of San Mateo County until its closure in 1976. In 1958 its enrollment was 629 students. During the existence of Ravenswood, East Palo Alto was the low-income area in the shadow of its more affluent neighbors Menlo Park, Atherton and Palo Alto. The city of Palo Alto, while adjacent and sharing the same zip code, is a completely different city in Santa Clara County. Ravenswood was part of\",\n \"title\": \"Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13203775\",\n \"text\": \"2002, it was memorialized in a mural created by the Mural, Music and the Arts Project at the Boys and Girls Club of the Peninsula in East Palo Alto, called \\\"Remembering Ravenswood: East Palo Alto's Educational Sacrifice\\\". Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto) Ravenswood High School was a public high school located in East Palo Alto, California, United States. Opened in 1958, it served the East Palo Alto area of San Mateo County until its closure in 1976. In 1958 its enrollment was 629 students. During the existence of Ravenswood, East Palo Alto was the low-income area in the shadow\",\n \"title\": \"Ravenswood High School (East Palo Alto)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11938911\",\n \"text\": \"of Education (often known as the Palo Alto Unified School Board) consists of five members elected at-large. The current members of the school board are Melissa Baten Caswell, Ken Dauber, Jennifer DiBrienza, Terry Godfrey, and Todd Collins. On November 6, 2018, Ken Dauber was reelected to a second term, and Shounak Dharap was elected to replace Terry Godfrey. Palo Alto Unified School District The Palo Alto Unified School District is a public school district located near Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It consists of twelve primary schools, three middle schools, two high schools, and an adult school. The district\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Unified School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18254185\",\n \"text\": \"rear entrance originally had a similar porch. The hip roof features double brackets and a frieze below its eaves. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1985. Kee House (Palo Alto, California) The Kee House is a historic house located at 2310 Yale St. in Palo Alto, California. Built in 1889, it is one of the oldest houses in Palo Alto and the oldest surviving building from Mayfield, a village that predated Palo Alto and was later annexed into the city. The house was one of the first built in the College Terrace\",\n \"title\": \"Kee House (Palo Alto, California)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11938909\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto city councilwoman because the elder Terman, like David Starr Jordan, espoused eugenics. VTA's community bus routes 88, 88L and 88M stop in front of the school, only operating on school days. Palo Alto Adult School (PAAS) is a California Adult School established by the Palo Alto Unified School District in 1921. It offers a variety of classes at a number of schools. Its main office is located in the Tower Building at Palo Alto High School. There are no restrictions on enrollment in regards to a student's place of residence or citizenship. English as a second language and\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Unified School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14192581\",\n \"text\": \"2010. What Do Kids Know? What Do Kids Know? Is a brand new family entertainment show exclusive to Watch, where celebrities and children celebrate the humour and bewilderment of Britain's generation gap. Hosted by Rufus Hound with resident team captains Joe Swash and Sara Cox. It has similarities to Small Talk. The show takes advantage of the communication gap between kids and adults often with hilarious outcomes. The teams consists of two members an adult, who is also the team captain and a child, aged 7–12. This often causes crossed wires and much hilarity. The two resident team captains are\",\n \"title\": \"What Do Kids Know?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14192575\",\n \"text\": \"What Do Kids Know? What Do Kids Know? Is a brand new family entertainment show exclusive to Watch, where celebrities and children celebrate the humour and bewilderment of Britain's generation gap. Hosted by Rufus Hound with resident team captains Joe Swash and Sara Cox. It has similarities to Small Talk. The show takes advantage of the communication gap between kids and adults often with hilarious outcomes. The teams consists of two members an adult, who is also the team captain and a child, aged 7–12. This often causes crossed wires and much hilarity. The two resident team captains are Joe\",\n \"title\": \"What Do Kids Know?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16870232\",\n \"text\": \"to be responsible for hacking the Democratic National Committee in 2016. The malware communicates with its command and control server with email and uses encryption to evade detection. Palo Alto Networks Palo Alto Networks, Inc. (NYSE: PANW) is an American multinational cybersecurity company with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. Its core products are a platform that includes advanced firewalls and cloud-based offerings that extend those firewalls to cover other aspects of security. The company serves 50,000+ organizations in 150+ countries, including 85 of the Fortune 100. It is home to the Unit 42 threat research team and hosts the Ignite\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Networks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4169476\",\n \"text\": \"panels. Palo Alto Battlefield was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 19, 1960. It became Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site on November 10, 1978, with a boundary change authorized on June 23, 1992. On March 30, 2009 the site was redesignated a National Historical Park, and the park was expanded to include the Resaca de la Palma Battlefield, which is a separate 34 acres inside the Brownsville city limits. Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park near Brownsville, Texas is a National Park Service unit which preserves the grounds of the May 8,\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3141514\",\n \"text\": \"of a pipe up its trunk to bring water to mist the top of the tree. Although the tree stands today at only 68% of its former stature, it enjoys greater health than nearly a century ago. A 1999 horticultural appraisal of El Palo Alto, conducted in accordance with the Guide for Plant Appraisal authored by the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers and published by the International Society of Arboriculture, valued the tree at $55,600.00. In 2004, seedlings from El Palo Alto were planted in the American Forests Historic Tree Nursery in Jacksonville, Florida. The tree was spray-painted with\",\n \"title\": \"El Palo Alto\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15304852\",\n \"text\": \"Byxbee Park Hills area of Baylands was named for John Fletcher Byxbee Jr., Palo Alto City Engineer from 1906 to 1941. Byxbee was a member of the first graduating class of Palo Alto High School. At Stanford University he studied under C. D. Marx, founder of the City of Palo Alto utilities system, and graduated with a B.A. in Civil Engineering with the class of 1902. At first named Assistant City Engineer, he became City Engineer in 1906. Lucy Evans graduated from Stanford in 1929 and taught at Mayfield School for 23 years. She fought for the preservation of the\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8858069\",\n \"text\": \"in her aging automobile looking for Audrey. The four boys' stories continue throughout the night, briefly intersecting, before the sun rises and they all leave home again. Palo Alto (2007 film) Palo Alto is a 2007 independent film that is set in Palo Alto, California and was made by Brad Leong, Tony Vallone, and Daniel Engelhardt, three filmmakers who are locals of that city. The plot centers on four college freshmen on their last night of Thanksgiving Break, their first time back since leaving for school. They find that the old adage about absence making the heart grow fonder rings\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8720824\",\n \"text\": \"PGSP officially reincorporated, changed its name to Palo Alto University, and moved to a new campus on Arastradero Road, formerly occupied by the American Institutes for Research, which it had purchased the previous year. The undergraduate programs at Palo Alto University are offered in partnership with Silicon Valley area community colleges like De Anza College, Foothill College, and the College of San Mateo. The bachelor's degree completion programs are created for community college students wishing to transfer to a Bachelor's program and for college graduates wishing to re-specialize in psychology or business psychology. PAU offers an education in psychology for\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8720826\",\n \"text\": \"Mental Health emphasis fulfills all requirements for Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) licensure in California and select U.S. states and countries. In January 2017, both emphases of Palo Alto University's M.A. in Counseling degree were awarded CACREP accreditation. The M.S. in Psychology, is designed to prepare students to pursue a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology or careers in community college teaching, research, and related business and nonprofit fields and is taught through distance learning (with the one-week summer intensive). Both master's programs have online and in-person options. Palo Alto University's Ph.D. program has been accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA)\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16870224\",\n \"text\": \"the Forbes Digital 100. In June 2018, former Google and SoftBank executive Nikesh Arora joined the company as Chairman and CEO. Palo Alto Networks was founded in 2005 by Israeli-American Nir Zuk, a former engineer from Check Point and NetScreen Technologies, and was the principal developer of the first stateful inspection firewall and the first intrusion prevention system. When asked why he started Palo Alto Networks, Zuk cited his objective of solving a problem enterprises were facing with existing network security solutions: the inability to safely enable employees to use modern applications, which entailed developing a firewall that could identify\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Networks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7058189\",\n \"text\": \"The Daily News (Palo Alto) The Daily News, originally the Palo Alto Daily News, is a free newspaper owned by MediaNews Group and located in Menlo Park. It was formerly published seven days a week and at one point had a circulation of 67,000 (a figure that included five zoned editions which no longer exist). The \\\"Daily News\\\" is distributed in red newspaper racks and in stores, coffee shops, restaurants, schools and major workplaces. As of April 7, 2009 the paper ceased to be published as \\\"The Palo Alto Daily News\\\" and was consolidated with other San Francisco Peninsula \\\"Daily\",\n \"title\": \"The Daily News (Palo Alto)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11938898\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Unified School District The Palo Alto Unified School District is a public school district located near Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It consists of twelve primary schools, three middle schools, two high schools, and an adult school. The district itself was founded on March 20, 1893, with the first school opening in September of that year. Enrollment grew until it reached a peak of 15,576 students in 1967. Afterwards, enrollment declined sharply, forcing the district to close many schools, including . The closing of Jordan Middle School was the reason for the renaming of Wilbur Junior High\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Unified School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16870226\",\n \"text\": \"to the full capabilities of both traditional firewalls and intrusion prevention systems): Support for in-line deployment without disrupting network operations, application awareness and full stack visibility allowing for fine-grained detection and control of applications, extra-firewall intelligence, and upgrade paths. Starting in 2011, Gartner began listing Palo Alto Networks as a leader on its enterprise firewall Magic Quadrant. The company debuted on the NYSE in July 20, 2012, raising $260 million with its initial public offering, which was the 4th-largest tech IPO of 2012. In 2014, Palo Alto Networks founded the Cyber Threat Alliance with Fortinet, Mcafee, and Symantec, a not-for-profit\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Networks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6276696\",\n \"text\": \"of the conflict with airline traffic in San Jose International Airport. The original Palo Alto airport was located adjacent to Stanford stadium and built in the late 1920s . Between 1934 and 1936, a new Palo Alto Airport was built at the airport's current location. In 1989 a comprehensive area history analysis was conducted by Earth Metrics, based upon review of extant aerial photographs.(Earth Metrics, 1989) The photo reconnaissance flights were flown in 1956, 1960, 1973, 1974 and 1980 by the U.S. Department of the Interior, and are archived by the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California. Comparison of\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641296\",\n \"text\": \"used bicycles and mopeds. The city was among the first in Santa Clara County to offer advanced life support (ALS) paramedic-level (EMT-P) ambulance service. In an arrangement predating countywide paramedic service, Palo Alto Fire operates two paramedic ambulances which are theoretically shared with county EMS assets. The Palo Alto Fire Department is currently the only fire department in Santa Clara County that routinely transports patients. Rural Metro holds the Santa Clara County 911 contract and provides transportation in other cities. Enhanced 9-1-1 arrived in about 1980 and included the then-new ability to report emergencies from coin telephones without using a\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641289\",\n \"text\": \"Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Palo Alto has a city run and owned utility, City of Palo Alto Utilities (CPAU), which provides water, electric, gas service, and waste water disposal within city limits, with the minor exception of a rural portion of the city in the hills west of Interstate 280, past the Country Club, which does not receive gas from the City. Almost all other communities in northern California depend on Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) for gas and electricity. Water and Gas Services (WGS) operates gas and water distribution networks within\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641291\",\n \"text\": \"power shortages. Palo Alto is a member of a joint powers authority (the Northern California Power Agency), which cooperatively generates electricity for government power providers such as the City of Santa Clara, the City of Redding, and the Port of Oakland. Roughly the same group of entities operate the Transmission Agency of Northern California (TANC). TANC transports power over its own lines from as far as British Columbia through an interconnection with the federal Bonneville Power Administration. A local oddity is a series of joint poles; those primary conductor cross arms are marked PGE and CPA (City of Palo Alto)\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19885604\",\n \"text\": \"Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo is located in Palo Alto, California and part of the City of Palo Alto's Community Services Department (CSD). It was founded in 1934 by Josephine O’Hara in the basement of a local elementary school. The small zoo holds approximately 200 species of mostly indigenous wildlife such as bobcats, raccoons, hedgehogs, ducks, bats, snakes and more. The museum has an interactive scientific exhibition that is changed every few years. They offer science classes to local students, over 14,000 students a year. In December 2017, Palo Alto's City Council unanimously\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15304851\",\n \"text\": \"although the creek used to flow into the Bay at the site of the former Yacht Club. In the late 1920s levees were constructed to re-route San Francisquito Creek away from its former mouth, to a sharp north turn for about half a mile, then to the northeast, before exiting to the Bay. Dredging of the former Yacht Club produced landfill for the filling of marshlands to construct the Palo Alto Airport and Municipal Golf Course. By 2004, filled areas such as the Palo Alto golf course and the Palo Alto Airport had reduced the tidal marsh to . The\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8537189\",\n \"text\": \"College Terrace and elsewhere in California. College Terrace, Palo Alto, California College Terrace is a neighborhood in the city of Palo Alto, California, adjacent to Stanford University. An all-residential neighborhood, College Terrace stretches 12 by two blocks. It lies between South California Avenue and Stanford Avenue, from Amherst Street to El Camino Real. College Avenue runs down the center of the neighborhood. College Terrace is directly adjacent to Escondido Village, a campus residence on the southern edge of Stanford University. The neighborhood features its own branch of the Palo Alto Public Library system. There are three parks in the College\",\n \"title\": \"College Terrace, Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9890827\",\n \"text\": \"Railroad was built through then-empty land north of Mayfield in 1863. The first Palo Alto station was opened in 1890 to serve the then-new Stanford University. It was replaced by a larger depot in 1896. The Southern Pacific Railroad opened a new station in 1941 as part of a grade separation project. Designed by John H. Christie, it was constructed in the Streamline Moderne style to match the railroad's \\\"Daylight\\\" series of streamlined passenger trains. Intercity service to Palo Alto ended in 1971; the Peninsula Commute service continued and was renamed Caltrain in 1985. The station building was listed on\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641253\",\n \"text\": \"to the arrival of Europeans, the Ohlone lived on the San Francisco peninsula; in particular, the Puichon Ohlone lived in the Palo Alto area. The area of modern Palo Alto was first recorded by the 1769 party of Gaspar de Portolà, a 63-man, 200-horse expedition from San Diego to Monterey. The group overshot Monterey in the fog and when they reached modern-day Pacifica, ascended Sweeney Ridge and saw the San Francisco Bay. Portolà descended from Sweeney Ridge southeast down San Andreas Creek to Laguna Creek (now Crystal Springs Reservoirs) and the Filoli estate, and thence to the San Francisquito Creek\",\n \"title\": \"Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3872652\",\n \"text\": \"SS Palo Alto SS \\\"Palo Alto\\\" was a concrete ship built as a tanker at the end of World War I. It was built by the San Francisco Shipbuilding Company at the U.S. Naval Shipyard in Oakland, California. It was launched on 29 May 1919, too late to see service in the war. Her sister ship was the . It was mothballed in Oakland until 1929, when it was bought by the Seacliff Amusement Corporation and towed to Seacliff State Beach in Aptos, California. A pier was built leading to the ship in 1930, and it was sunk in a\",\n \"title\": \"SS Palo Alto\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8537187\",\n \"text\": \"College Terrace, Palo Alto, California College Terrace is a neighborhood in the city of Palo Alto, California, adjacent to Stanford University. An all-residential neighborhood, College Terrace stretches 12 by two blocks. It lies between South California Avenue and Stanford Avenue, from Amherst Street to El Camino Real. College Avenue runs down the center of the neighborhood. College Terrace is directly adjacent to Escondido Village, a campus residence on the southern edge of Stanford University. The neighborhood features its own branch of the Palo Alto Public Library system. There are three parks in the College Terrace neighborhood: There are three religious\",\n \"title\": \"College Terrace, Palo Alto, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20813161\",\n \"text\": \"Wilson House (Palo Alto, California) The Wilson House is a historic house in Palo Alto, California. It was built in 1906. It was designed in the Colonial Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 2, 1980. According to the NRHP: \\\"Almost two stories in height, it is, in terms of size, shape and quality among the finest residential example of its era in Palo Alto. The design is complex, the colors striking, and the rounded forms dictated by the bay are both unusual and difficult to execute. The workmanship is particularly\",\n \"title\": \"Wilson House (Palo Alto, California)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["hoover tower","parc","stanford memorial church","hewlett-packard house and garage","leland stanford junior university museum of art","iris & b. gerald cantor center for visual arts","palo alto baylands nature preserve","arastradero preserve","stanford shopping center","professorville"],"string":"[\n \"hoover tower\",\n \"parc\",\n \"stanford memorial church\",\n \"hewlett-packard house and garage\",\n \"leland stanford junior university museum of art\",\n \"iris & b. gerald cantor center for visual arts\",\n \"palo alto baylands nature preserve\",\n \"arastradero preserve\",\n \"stanford shopping center\",\n \"professorville\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1182,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what country did jacques cartier came from?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"787478","text":"journey's to the \"New World\". Jacques Cartier Jacques Cartier (; ; December 31, 1491September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named \"The Country of Canadas\", after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island). Jacques Cartier was born in 1491 in Saint-Malo, the port on the north-west coast of Brittany. Cartier, who was a respectable mariner,","title":"Jacques Cartier"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787478\",\n \"text\": \"journey's to the \\\"New World\\\". Jacques Cartier Jacques Cartier (; ; December 31, 1491September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named \\\"The Country of Canadas\\\", after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island). Jacques Cartier was born in 1491 in Saint-Malo, the port on the north-west coast of Brittany. Cartier, who was a respectable mariner,\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"10652064","text":"some of concrete, some of wood, some of brick, along its streets. Jacques-Cartier merged with the city of Longueuil in 1969. Although the territory of Jacques-Cartier was six times larger than that of Longueuil, it was the Longueuil name that was retained because of historic reasons (Longueuil was much older than Jacques-Cartier). Today, the western part of what used to be Jacques-Cartier is primarily low-income, highly populated, retail-oriented and completely built-up. The architecture in this area can be defined as a mishmash and non-uniform, as buildings were usually constructed when the property owners had enough money to build them. The","title":"Ville Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"6661253","text":"Jacques Cartier (jeweler) Jacques-Théodule Cartier (1884–1942) was one of three sons of Alfred Cartier and the brother of Pierre Cartier and Louis Cartier. Pierre's grandfather, Louis-François Cartier (1819–1904) had taken over the jewellery workshop of his teacher, Adolphe Picard, in 1847, thereby founding the famous Cartier jewellery company. Jacques worked with his two older brothers to create the world-famous name and business, ‘Cartier’, in jewellery and watches. While Jaqcues Cartier opened and managed the store in London, Pierre Cartier managed the store in New York City. Jacques took charge of the London operation of Cartier in 1909 and eventually moved","title":"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)"},{"psg_id":"1626951","text":"Jacques Cartier Strait The Jacques Cartier Strait (French: Détroit de Jacques-Cartier) is a strait in eastern Quebec, Canada, flowing between Anticosti Island and the Labrador Peninsula. It is one of the two outlets of the Saint Lawrence River into its estuary, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The other is the Honguedo Strait on the south side of Anticosti Island. The Jacques Cartier Strait is approximately wide at its narrowest point. Jacques Cartier Strait was officially named for the French explorer Jacques Cartier in 1934 by the Geographic Board of Quebec to commemorate the 400th anniversary of his arrival in North","title":"Jacques Cartier Strait"},{"psg_id":"6661256","text":"with the success of their business. Jacques ran the London store until his death in 1942. His brother Louis also died in the same year. The Cartier family of jewellers relinquished control of the family business in 1964 due to the passing of Pierre. Jacques Cartier (jeweler) Jacques-Théodule Cartier (1884–1942) was one of three sons of Alfred Cartier and the brother of Pierre Cartier and Louis Cartier. Pierre's grandfather, Louis-François Cartier (1819–1904) had taken over the jewellery workshop of his teacher, Adolphe Picard, in 1847, thereby founding the famous Cartier jewellery company. Jacques worked with his two older brothers to","title":"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)"},{"psg_id":"7844693","text":"Jacques-Cartier River The Jacques-Cartier River is a river in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is 161 km long and its source is Jacques-Cartier Lake in Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, and flows in a predominantly southern direction before ending in the Saint Lawrence River at Donnacona, about 30 km upstream from Quebec City. It is currently under nomination for Canadian Heritage River status. The Jacques-Cartier River drains an area of , starting in and flowing for nearly through the Laurentian mountains in the geological region of Grenville (one of the youngest sections of the Canadian Shield, formed 955 million years ago),","title":"Jacques-Cartier River"},{"psg_id":"11642187","text":"Jacques Cartier Stakes The Jacques Cartier Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually since 1954 at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Run in mid April, the sprint race is open to horses aged four and older and is run over a distance of six furlongs on Polytrack synthetic dirt. Inaugurated in 1954 at the now defunct Greenwood Raceway in Toronto, the Jacques Cartier Stakes is named in honour of the French explorer, Jacques Cartier. It was raced at Woodbine Racetrack from 1956 through 1967 after which it was hosted by Fort Erie Racetrack through 1975. In 1976 the","title":"Jacques Cartier Stakes"},{"psg_id":"11368253","text":"is located in the Laurentian Mountains along the Jacques-Cartier River valley, to the west of Quebec Route 175. Jacques-Cartier is a 30 minutes drive from Québec City. Grands-Jardins National Park is located to the northeast of the park, while the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve is located to the north. The park is also located near the Canadian Forces military base CFB Valcartier. The park contains several glacial landforms such as drumlins and moraine. The most prominent glacial landform in Jacques-Cartier National Park is the Jacques-Cartier Valley (French:\"Vallée de la Jacques-Cartier\"). The U-shaped valley is deep and was formed during the last","title":"Jacques-Cartier National Park"},{"psg_id":"1626952","text":"America. Prior to this, it was also known as \"Détroit Saint-Pierre\" (by Cartier himself on August 1, 1534, the day of St. Peter), Labrador Channel (until 1815), and Mingan Passage. Jacques Cartier Strait The Jacques Cartier Strait (French: Détroit de Jacques-Cartier) is a strait in eastern Quebec, Canada, flowing between Anticosti Island and the Labrador Peninsula. It is one of the two outlets of the Saint Lawrence River into its estuary, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The other is the Honguedo Strait on the south side of Anticosti Island. The Jacques Cartier Strait is approximately wide at its narrowest point.","title":"Jacques Cartier Strait"},{"psg_id":"4156351","text":"built in memory of Admiral Horatio Nelson. The statue was removed in 1997 to preserve it from the weather, and was subsequently replaced with a copy. Place Jacques-Cartier Place Jacques-Cartier (English: Jacques Cartier square) is a square located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an entrance to the Old Port of Montreal. In 1723, the Château Vaudreuil was built for Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil - its formal gardens occupying the space that is now the square. The Chateau burned down in 1803 and it was suggested by The Hon. Jean-Baptiste Durocher and The Hon. Joseph Périnault that","title":"Place Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"3867254","text":"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier (formerly known as Portneuf) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1867. Its population in 2001 was 87,141. Ethnic groups: 99.1% White<br> Languages: 97.0% French, 2.0% English <br> Religions: 94.0% Catholic, 1.4% Protestant, 4.2% no religious affiliation <br> Average income: $28,030 The district includes the Regional County Municipalities of Portneuf and La Jacques-Cartier as well as the municipality of Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. The main communities are Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Donnacona, Lac-Beauport, Neuville, Pont-Rouge, Shannon, Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, Saint-Raymond, Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, and Deschambault-Grondines. Its area is 7,617 km. The electoral district was created","title":"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"3867255","text":"in the British North America Act of 1867 as \"Portneuf\". It was renamed \"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier\" on 1 September 2004. The Conservative Party did not run a candidate in Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier in the 2008 and 2011 elections as incumbent independent André Arthur was a self-described libertarian who consistently voted with and supported the Conservative Party in the House of Commons. There were no changes to this riding during the 2012 electoral redistribution. This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada: Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote","title":"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"7844699","text":"raccoon, gray wolf, river otter, porcupine, moose, white-tailed deer, and caribou; in all 23 species of mammals. There are 104 species of birds, including birds of prey such as the barred owl, American kestrel, and osprey. Finally, there are 16 species of fish, of which brook trout in particular can be found frequently. In addition, a reintroduction program has been established for Atlantic salmon, which disappeared from the river in the 19th century. Jacques-Cartier River The Jacques-Cartier River is a river in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is 161 km long and its source is Jacques-Cartier Lake in Laurentides","title":"Jacques-Cartier River"},{"psg_id":"787476","text":"was the Sieur de Roberval, who replaced Cartier as the leader of the settlement. This colony was the first known European settlement in modern-day Canada since the c.1000 AD L'Anse aux Meadows Viking village in northern Newfoundland. Its rediscovery has been hailed by archaeologists as the most important find in Canada since the L'Anse aux Meadows rediscovery. Jacques Cartier Island, located on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of Quirpon, is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the Strait of Belle Isle during","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"7148415","text":"activities for children, and demonstrations by the Canadian Forces SkyHawks parachute team. Maison Charron, the oldest surviving house in Hull, is located in the park. It was restored by the NCC in 1985 and is used for various activities. Jacques Cartier Park Jacques Cartier Park is a park in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, along the Ottawa River. It is at the base of the Alexandra Bridge, facing the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa. It is named for French explorer Jacques Cartier, who arrived at the mouth of the Ottawa River while he was looking for the Northwest Passage. The National","title":"Jacques Cartier Park"},{"psg_id":"7148414","text":"Jacques Cartier Park Jacques Cartier Park is a park in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, along the Ottawa River. It is at the base of the Alexandra Bridge, facing the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa. It is named for French explorer Jacques Cartier, who arrived at the mouth of the Ottawa River while he was looking for the Northwest Passage. The National Capital Commission (NCC) uses the site to run one of its popular annual events, Winterlude every February. It is also a busy site on Canada Day, offering activities such as music and dance shows throughout the day, entertainment and","title":"Jacques Cartier Park"},{"psg_id":"4156348","text":"Place Jacques-Cartier Place Jacques-Cartier (English: Jacques Cartier square) is a square located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an entrance to the Old Port of Montreal. In 1723, the Château Vaudreuil was built for Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil - its formal gardens occupying the space that is now the square. The Chateau burned down in 1803 and it was suggested by The Hon. Jean-Baptiste Durocher and The Hon. Joseph Périnault that the space be transformed into a public square, known as New Market Place. In 1809, Montreal's oldest public monument was raised there, Nelson's Column. In 1847,","title":"Place Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"10652063","text":"the rest of the town) went on to form an independent municipality under the name of Préville. In 1949, Jacques-Cartier lost another portion of its territory which became Ville LeMoyne. Originally incorporated as a town, Jacques-Cartier gained the status of city in 1952. Jacques-Cartier grew extremely quickly, much too fast for its existing infrastructure. It lacked a sewer system and paved roads. Dogs ran wildly in the streets. Houses were built as soon as the owner had the materials required to make one. The city had few or no laws on architectural integrity. This led to a mishmash of buildings,","title":"Ville Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"11368252","text":"Wildlife Reserve, whose lands the park was formed from, was created in 1895. The end of World War II, as well as improved road networks, brought in an considerable increase in the number of visitors to the area. In 1972, Hydro-Québec proposed building a dam on the Jacques-Cartier river, which would have resulted in flooding the valley. Due to public pressure, the project was abandoned in 1975. That same year also saw the end of the lumber industry in the region. In 1981, Jacques-Cartier National Park was created from the southernmost lands of the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve. Jacques-Cartier National Park","title":"Jacques-Cartier National Park"},{"psg_id":"11368255","text":"also visited by more than 100 species of birds. Jacques-Cartier National Park had 145,600 visitors in 2005, with a third of those visitors coming from outside the region. Activities at the park include of hiking trails, of biking trails, kayaking, fishing, canoeing, tubing, snowshoeing and skiing. Accommodations at the park include 9 cabins, 5 yurts and 114 campsites. In 2009, the park underwent a $2.3 million renovation to both modernize and build new infrastructure such as roads and cottages. Jacques-Cartier National Park Jacques-Cartier National Park () is a provincial park located north of Quebec City. The park aims to protect","title":"Jacques-Cartier National Park"},{"psg_id":"8918861","text":"property as repayment. Cartier established a postal service in the Richelieu valley in 1800. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Surrey in 1804 and was reelected in 1808. He died in Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu in 1814. His grandson, George-Étienne Cartier, later served as a premier for the Province of Canada and was a Father of Confederation. Jacques Cartier (businessman) Jacques Cartier (April 10, 1750 – March 22, 1814) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in the town of Quebec in 1750, the son of a Quebec merchant. He studied at Longue-Pointe","title":"Jacques Cartier (businessman)"},{"psg_id":"4977850","text":"Mr. Monk's resignation, 2 March 1914 By-election: On Mr. Lafortune's death, 19 October 1922 By-election: On Mr. Mallette's death, 17 April 1939 By-election: On Mr. Marier's acceptance of an office of emolument under the Crown, 24 August 1949 Jacques Cartier (electoral district) Jacques Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1953. It was created by the \"British North America Act\", 1867. It was amalgamated into the Jacques-Cartier—Lasalle electoral district in 1952. This riding elected the following Members of Parliament: By-election: On Mr. Laflamme being named","title":"Jacques Cartier (electoral district)"},{"psg_id":"4977849","text":"Jacques Cartier (electoral district) Jacques Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1953. It was created by the \"British North America Act\", 1867. It was amalgamated into the Jacques-Cartier—Lasalle electoral district in 1952. This riding elected the following Members of Parliament: By-election: On Mr. Laflamme being named Minister of Inland Revenue, 9 November 1876 By-election: On Mr. Girouard being named Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, 28 September 1895 By-election: On Mr. Monk being appointed Minister of Public Works, 10 October 1911 By-election: On","title":"Jacques Cartier (electoral district)"},{"psg_id":"11368251","text":"Jacques-Cartier National Park Jacques-Cartier National Park () is a provincial park located north of Quebec City. The park aims to protect wildlife in the Laurentian massif. It lies within the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion. The Montagnais and the Huron peoples used to inhabit lands that currently make up Jacques-Cartier National Park. During the 17th century, Hurons worked as guides for Jesuits who wanted to travel between Quebec City and Lac Saint-Jean without using the St. Lawrence River. Starting in the mid-19th century, the area was a major producer of lumber. Due to pressure from the American conservationist movement, the Laurentian","title":"Jacques-Cartier National Park"},{"psg_id":"2794144","text":"Jacques Cartier Bridge The Jacques Cartier Bridge () is a steel truss cantilever bridge crossing the Saint Lawrence River from Montreal Island, Montreal, Quebec to the south shore at Longueuil, Quebec, Canada. The bridge crosses Île Sainte-Hélène in the centre of the river, where offramps allow access to the Parc Jean-Drapeau and La Ronde amusement park. Originally named the Montreal Harbour Bridge (\"pont du Havre\"), it was renamed in 1934 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Jacques Cartier's first voyage up the St. Lawrence River. The five-lane highway bridge is in length, including the approach viaducts. There are approximately 35.8","title":"Jacques Cartier Bridge"},{"psg_id":"14969456","text":"and to heavy helicopters. \"Jacques Cartier\" was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 28 November 1999 to 12 January 2000. She was decommissioned in July 2013 after returning from her final deployment overseas. French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033) Jacques Cartier (L9033) is one of five BATRAL (\"Light ferry ship\") vessels operated by the French Navy. The BATRAL vessels are able to ferry over 400 tons of matériel, in the hangar and on the deck. Loading and unloading can be done from a harbour or from a beach. Two flat-bottom vessels allow unloading 50","title":"French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033)"},{"psg_id":"18301239","text":"41 km of the river is managed by the \"zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier\". The Jacques-Cartier River drains a watershed of : The course of the river is mainly in forested area. However, the last segment of the path of the river is generally in agriculture (some forested areas) and the river pass through different villages (from the north): Vacation Village of Valcaltier, Shannon, Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, Pont-Rouge and Donnacona. Territory of Zec A segment of the river under the administration of the zec begins at the mouth of the Jacques-Cartier River upstream to Shannon, located near the CFB Valcartier. The top part,","title":"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"8918860","text":"Jacques Cartier (businessman) Jacques Cartier (April 10, 1750 – March 22, 1814) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in the town of Quebec in 1750, the son of a Quebec merchant. He studied at Longue-Pointe (later Montreal) and became a merchant at Quebec. Around 1772, he moved to Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, where he became a grain merchant. He served in the local militia during the American invasion of Quebec in 1775-6 and continued in the militia afterwards, becoming lieutenant-colonel in 1808. Cartier built a gristmill so he could produce flour. He also lent money, sometimes taking","title":"Jacques Cartier (businessman)"},{"psg_id":"3867256","text":"in 2000 election. Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election. Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election. Note: Change in popular vote is calculated from popular vote in the 1935 general election. \"National Government\" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election. Note: Change in popular vote is calculated from popular vote in the 1896 general election. Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier (formerly known as Portneuf) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1867. Its","title":"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"2794161","text":"progressively from the spring energizing green, to the radiant summer orange, to the voluptuous autumn red and the icy blue of winter. The bridge also gives the pulse of Montreal life in real time. The intensity, speed and density of light movements are fueled by the mention of Montreal on Twitter. The first lighting up of the bridge occurred on May 17, 2017, the same day associated with the founding of Montreal in 1642 and officially kicking off the festivities for the 375th anniversary. Jacques Cartier Bridge The Jacques Cartier Bridge () is a steel truss cantilever bridge crossing the","title":"Jacques Cartier Bridge"},{"psg_id":"7844695","text":"Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, Pont-Rouge and Donnacona. Important tributaries are: The reports that according to surveyor John Adams, in 1829, the river was known by the Hurons as \"Lahdaweoole\", meaning \"coming from far\". They and the Montagnais used its shores for fishing and trapping. It is estimated that this region has been used by First Nations for over 7,000 years. Explorer Samuel de Champlain mentioned this river in 1632 as the \"Sturgeon and Salmon River\". In 1656, a map of Samson of Abbeville showed \"R. J. Quartier\" as the river's designation, probably so named according to the popular belief that Jacques Cartier had","title":"Jacques-Cartier River"},{"psg_id":"10652065","text":"eastern part, on the other hand, tends to be the opposite. It is by far less densely populated than its western counterpart and contains the industrial section of Longueuil. Recently built designer mansions and condominiums are plentiful (notably in the Collectivité-Nouvelle and Parcours du Cerf neighbourhoods), and the area is becoming increasing built up. The far northeast known as the Fatima neighbourhood (which borders the city of Boucherville) is similar to the western part, with many bungalows and apartment buildings dating from Jacques-Cartier. During its 22 years of existence, Jacques-Cartier gave birth to some of the most well-known establishments of","title":"Ville Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"18301240","text":"segments of the river under the aegis of Zec are discontinuous. The upper limit of the zec is just north of the bridge Railway CN in Shannon. The river segment administered by the zec counts 46 small islands. The names \"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier\", the \"Jacques-Cartier National Park\" and the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality are directly related to the name of the river and lake head. This name was formalized on June 7, 1991 at the Bank of place names of the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Quebec). Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier The zec de","title":"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"18301238","text":"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier The zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the municipality of Donnacona, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative area of the Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada. With a length of (or 177 km depending to the references), the Jacques-Cartier River takes it source in Jacques Cartier Lake, in Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the region of the Capitale-Nationale. The waters descend south to the mouth that flows into the St. Lawrence River between Cap-Santé and Donnacona, at 30 kilometers west of Quebec city. A lower segment of","title":"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"787464","text":"be full of gold, rubies and other treasures. After an arduous trip down the St. Lawrence and a three-week Atlantic crossing, Cartier and his men arrived in Saint-Malo on July 15, 1536, concluding the second, 14-month voyage, which was to be Cartier's most profitable. On October 17, 1540, Francis ordered the navigator Jacques Cartier to return to Canada to lend weight to a colonization project of which he would be \"captain general\". However, January 15, 1541, saw Cartier supplanted by Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval, a Huguenot courtier and friend of the king named as the first lieutenant general","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"7844698","text":"and in 1981 Jacques-Cartier Park was created out of the wildlife reserve as a conservation park, accessible to the public for nature interpretation and nature friendly recreation activities. The river bank is typically mixed forest, consisting of yellow birch and sugar maple, whereas the surrounding areas show rather the boreal forest rich in conifers, in particular the black spruce. This distinction is clearly visible in the steeper sections of the valley where a milder microclimate prevails. The fauna therefore is typical of a Canadian mixed forest. One can find in the Jacques-Cartier River valley the American black bear, bobcat, common","title":"Jacques-Cartier River"},{"psg_id":"11642188","text":"race returned to Greenwood Raceway where it remained through 1993. It returned to its prest location at Woodbine Racetrack in 1994. The race was run in two divisions in 1984. Since inception it has been contested at various distances: Speed record: Most wins: Most wins by an owner: Most wins by a jockey: Most wins by a trainer: Jacques Cartier Stakes The Jacques Cartier Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually since 1954 at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Run in mid April, the sprint race is open to horses aged four and older and is run over","title":"Jacques Cartier Stakes"},{"psg_id":"4156350","text":"summer. During the summer season, \"Jardin Nelson\" offers a garden restaurant on Place Jacques-Cartier. Other restaurants similarly offer classical Parisian-style \"terraces\" for taking a drink or dining in the open air. And on the other side of the place, the famous restaurant Saint-Amable (the oldest restaurant in town) welcomes Montreal celebrities and locals in a crooner jazz atmosphere. Near Place Jacques-Cartier on rue de la Commune, an original piece of the wall of the old fortified city can still be seen in the basement restaurant of the Auberge du Vieux-Port. At the upper end of the Place stands Nelson's Column,","title":"Place Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"10652066","text":"Le Vieux-Longueuil borough; notably Collège Édouard-Montpetit (1967), Gérard-Fillion secondary school (1966), and the current location of Pratt & Whitney Canada (1951). The city hall, police station and fire station of Jacques-Cartier were all located together on Cure-Poirier Boulevard between the streets Daniel and Brebeuf. This site still serve as an office building for the modern city of Longueuil and also include a fire station. Jacques-Cartier was overwhelmingly francophone. It had twelve Catholic parishes at the time of its merger with Longueuil in 1969. The clergy played a large role in the success of the community. It ran various social organizations","title":"Ville Jacques-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"14969455","text":"French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033) Jacques Cartier (L9033) is one of five BATRAL (\"Light ferry ship\") vessels operated by the French Navy. The BATRAL vessels are able to ferry over 400 tons of matériel, in the hangar and on the deck. Loading and unloading can be done from a harbour or from a beach. Two flat-bottom vessels allow unloading 50 men and light vehicles each. The accommodations are designed for a \"Guépard\"-type intervention unit (5 officers, 15 petty officers and 118 men), or for typical company-sized armoured units. A helicopter landing deck allows landing for light helicopters, and transfer from","title":"French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033)"},{"psg_id":"7844696","text":"passed by the river's mouth. This natural highway was used among others by Jesuit missionaries to reach the Lac Saint-Jean area during the 17th century. Logging in the Laurentian highlands became an important economic activity during the second half of the 18th century. The Jacques-Cartier River was used for log drives to transport the logs to the Saint-Lawrence River and to the mills downstream. This practice was only stopped in 1975. With the settlement of French immigrants near the river's mouth came the formation of townships (modelled after English townships after their conquest of 1759) and new industries appeared such","title":"Jacques-Cartier River"},{"psg_id":"787477","text":"the 1530s. The existed, and printed banknotes, between 1861 and 1899 in Lower Canada, then Quebec. It was folded into the , and later still the National Bank of Canada. In 2005, Cartier's \"Bref récit et succincte narration de la navigation faite en MDXXXV et MDXXXVI\" was named one of the 100 most important books in Canadian history by the \"Literary Review of Canada\". The Tragically Hip reference Jacques Cartier in their song \"Looking for a Place to Happen\". The song deals with primitivism and colonialism in the context of European ideologies and mythic exploration narratives in line with Cartier's","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"2794152","text":"the Restigouche River between Campbellton, New Brunswick and Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec. This bridge was not built until 1958. The structure was a toll bridge from its opening until 1962 and a toll plaza was located on the southern approach. The toll plaza area now houses the offices of the corporation that owns and operates the structure and the nearby Champlain Bridge. Tokens were issued for part of the period that tolls were collected. Toll booths were abolished in 1962. The original toll rates were as follows: From the beginning of its use, the Jacques Cartier Bridge was nicknamed \"the crooked bridge\"","title":"Jacques Cartier Bridge"},{"psg_id":"7844697","text":"as flour mills. In 1895 the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve was created to provide fishing, hunting, and recreation opportunities for the people. From 1918 on, the construction of fishing camps made fishing more and more popular. The end of the First World War and the construction of nearby roads to Lac Saint-Jean also contributed to this popularity. Then hydro-electric dams started to be built, taking advantage of the river's geography up until the 1970s. In 1972, a proposed Hydro-Québec project would have flooded the Jacques-Cartier River valley, but the project was strongly opposed by the population. The government reversed its decision","title":"Jacques-Cartier River"},{"psg_id":"7844694","text":"then flows through the sedimentary rocks of the St. Lawrence Lowlands for approximately , from the municipality of Pont-Rouge to its mouth. The area covered by the drainage basin is for the most part undeveloped or protected, especially its source. In fact, 77% of its length is protected by the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve and the Jacques-Cartier National Park where one finds a steep glaciated valley formed during the last glaciation. Nevertheless, about 25,000 people live on the shores of this river close to its mouth, where it crosses the regional municipality of Portneuf and the municipalities of Tewkesbury, Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier, Shannon,","title":"Jacques-Cartier River"},{"psg_id":"787460","text":"the small and squalid village of Stadacona, and a crowd of over a thousand came to the river edge to greet the Frenchmen. The site of their arrival has been confidently identified as the beginning of the Sainte-Marie Sault – where the bridge named after him now stands. The expedition could proceed no further, as the river was blocked by rapids. So certain was Cartier that the river was the Northwest Passage and that the rapids were all that was preventing him from sailing to China, that the rapids and the town that eventually grew up near them came to","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"2794147","text":"half years. The groundbreaking was held on May 26, 1925. Construction began immediately and the cornerstone was laid on August 9, 1926 on Pillar No. 26. The superstructure was built between September 1926 and September 1929. 33,267 tons of steel were needed for its construction. The work was completed about a year and a half ahead of schedule, without disrupting river traffic. It opened to traffic on May 14, 1930, however the inauguration ceremony took place a few days later, on May 24. The bridge was inaugurated as the \"Harbour Bridge\" but was renamed \"Jacques Cartier Bridge\" in 1934, following","title":"Jacques Cartier Bridge"},{"psg_id":"2794145","text":"million vehicle crossings annually, making it the third busiest bridge in Canada, the first being Champlain Bridge, just a few kilometres upstream. The second busiest bridge in Canada overall is the Port Mann Bridge in Metro Vancouver (connecting Surrey to Coquitlam). Together with Champlain Bridge, it is administered by the Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated (JCCBI), a Canadian Crown Corporation which reports to Infrastructure Canada. Discussions began as early as 1874 about the construction of a new bridge to alleviate the congestion on Victoria Bridge, which was then a rail-only bridge, the wintertime ice bridge and the ferries used","title":"Jacques Cartier Bridge"},{"psg_id":"787465","text":"of French Canada. Roberval was to lead the expedition, with Cartier as his chief navigator. While Roberval waited for artillery and supplies, he gave permission to Cartier to sail on ahead with his ships. On May 23, 1541, Cartier departed Saint-Malo on his third voyage with five ships. This time, any thought of finding a passage to the Orient was forgotten. The goals were now to find the \"Kingdom of Saguenay\" and its riches, and to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River. Anchoring at Stadacona, Cartier again met the Iroquoians, but found their \"show of joy\" and","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"6661254","text":"to the current location at 175 New Bond Street. Meanwhile, Louis Cartier was the designer who created the Cartier style we know today. The brothers divided and conquered. Cartier was very lucky in getting the recommendation of Princess Mathilde, the young cousin of Napoleon III, and this contributed to the boosting business. In the early 1900s, \"Cartier became jewellers to the Rockefellers, Vanderbilts, the Fords, the Morgans, King Edward VII, King Zog of Albania, and King Chulalongkorn of Siam, who, in 1907 alone, according to Cartier biographer Hans Nadelhoffer, bought Cartier bracelets to the value of $450,000.\" Through their continued","title":"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)"},{"psg_id":"4901376","text":"Front. This line too has survived, with over thirty varieties made since. In the early 1920s, Cartier formed a joint company with Edward Jaeger (of Jaeger-LeCoultre) to produce movements solely for Cartier. Cartier continued to use movements from other makers: Vacheron Constantin, Audemars Piguet, Movado and LeCoultre. It was also during this period that Cartier began adding its own reference numbers to the watches it sold, usually by stamping a four-digit code on the underside of a lug. Jacques took charge of the London operation and eventually moved to the current address at New Bond Street. Pierre Cartier established the","title":"Cartier (jeweler)"},{"psg_id":"4901377","text":"New York City branch in 1909, moving in 1917 to 653 Fifth Avenue, the Neo-Renaissance mansion of Morton Freeman Plant (son of railroad tycoon Henry B. Plant) and designed by architect C.P.H. Gilbert. Cartier bought it from the Plants in exchange for $100 in cash and a double-stranded natural pearl necklace valued at the time at $1 million. Among the Cartier team was Charles Jacqueau, who joined Louis Cartier in 1909 for the rest of his life, and Jeanne Toussaint, who was Director of Fine Jewellery from 1933. After the death of Pierre in 1964, Jean-Jacques Cartier (Jacques's son), Claude","title":"Cartier (jeweler)"},{"psg_id":"787462","text":"Charles River, under the Rock of Quebec. Ice was over a fathom (1.8 m) thick on the river, with snow four feet (1.2 m) deep ashore. To add to the misery, scurvy broke out – first among the Iroquoians, and then among the French. Cartier estimated the number of dead Iroquoians at 50. On a visit by Domagaya to the French fort, Cartier inquired and learned from him that a concoction made from a tree known as annedda, probably Spruce beer, or \"arbor vitae,\" would cure scurvy. This remedy likely saved the expedition from destruction, allowing 85 Frenchmen to survive","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"11368254","text":"glacial period. The plateau consists mainly of coniferous trees such as the black spruce, while the valley consists mainly of deciduous trees such as sugar maple and yellow birch. The invasive Japanese knotweed has also appeared in the park's boundaries. The wildlife is typical of a boreal forest. Animals that can be found in the park include moose, caribou, white-tailed deer, gray wolf, red fox, the Canada lynx, the black bear, river otter, porcupine and the Canadian beaver. Atlantic salmon, brook trout and the Arctic char can be found in the lakes and in the Jacques-Cartier river. The park is","title":"Jacques-Cartier National Park"},{"psg_id":"14863871","text":"Huron seminary until 1639. From 1688 to the beginning of the 1970s many hand-crafting and industrial activities were held on the location of National Historic Site Cartier-Brébeuf. Here is an exhaustive list by chronological order. In the 19th century, before the establishment of the National Historic Site Cartier-Brébeuf, interests toward the creation of a site to commemorate the second voyage of Jacques Cartier grew among the population of Quebec City. Here is a list of the important steps in the history of the site: 1835: Erection of a wooden cross commemorating the second voyage of Jacques Cartier in front the","title":"Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site"},{"psg_id":"16713170","text":"Maison Cartier Maison Cartier is a historic house in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Place Jacques-Cartier in Old Montreal. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada on November 19, 1982. It was constructed from 1812 to 1813 by mason Amable Amiot dit Villeneuve and carpenter Antoine Bouteiller. The walls, which are made of ashlar along with the dormers on the roof, are considered to be examples of Quebec's urban architecture in the early Nineteenth century. The first owners of the house were Louis Parthenais and Augustin Perrault. The Maison Cartier was originally connected to the","title":"Maison Cartier"},{"psg_id":"787472","text":"name is derived from the Huron-Iroquois word \"kanata\", or village, which was incorrectly interpreted as the native term for the newly discovered land. Cartier used the name to describe Stadacona, the surrounding land and the river itself. And Cartier named \"\"Canadiens\"\" the inhabitants (Iroquoians) he had seen there. Thereafter the name Canada was used to designate the small French colony on these shores, and the French colonists were called \"Canadiens\", until the mid-nineteenth century, when the name started to be applied to the loyalist colonies on the Great Lakes and later to all of British North America. In this way","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"13654383","text":"Saint-Hyacinthe County. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1897 and also ran unsuccessfully for a federal seat in 1900 and 1908. Cartier died in Saint-Hyacinthe at the age of 85 and was buried in Sainte-Madeleine. George-Étienne Cartier was his great-uncle. A son, Jacques Narcisse Cartier, served as an airman in the first World War. Antoine-Paul Cartier Antoine-Paul Cartier (June 17, 1849 – July 9, 1934) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Saint-Hyacinthe in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1897 as a Conservative. He was born in Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, Canada East, the","title":"Antoine-Paul Cartier"},{"psg_id":"16031912","text":"Cartier (typeface) Cartier is a family of old style sans serif typeface designed by Carl Dair in 1967, who was commissioned by the Governor General of Canada-in-Council to create a new and distinctively Canadian typeface. The first proof of Cartier (in Roman and Italic faces) was published as \"the first Canadian type for text composition\" to mark the centenary of Canadian Confederation. It was named after a French explorer Jacques Cartier. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is expressed in this typeface. In 1977 a revival of Cartier was produced under the name \"Raleigh\" by Robert Norton. This typeface","title":"Cartier (typeface)"},{"psg_id":"787471","text":"first voyage, he now opened up the greatest waterway for the European penetration of North America. He produced an intelligent estimate of the resources of Canada, both natural and human, albeit with a considerable exaggeration of its mineral wealth. While some of his actions toward the St. Lawrence Iroquoians were dishonourable, he did try at times to establish friendship with them and other native peoples living along the St. Lawrence River—an indispensable preliminary to French settlement in their lands. Cartier was the first to document the name Canada to designate the territory on the shores of the St-Lawrence River. The","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"18787753","text":"What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \"Change\". The song reached number 22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"16713171","text":"Nelson Hotel. Though it is located next to Montreal's oldest public monument - Nelson's Column - it was apparently named the \"Jardin Nelson\" for Wolfred Nelson, a Patriote in the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837, and the ninth Mayor of Montreal. Today a restaurant operates in the building. Maison Cartier Maison Cartier is a historic house in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Place Jacques-Cartier in Old Montreal. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada on November 19, 1982. It was constructed from 1812 to 1813 by mason Amable Amiot dit Villeneuve and carpenter Antoine Bouteiller.","title":"Maison Cartier"},{"psg_id":"2430270","text":"but it was that he was embarrassed by the notion of being photographed for being famous. Cartier-Bresson believed that what went on beneath the surface was nobody's business but his own. He did recall that he once confided his innermost secrets to a Paris taxi driver, certain that he would never meet the man again. In 2003, he created the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation in Paris with his wife, the Belgian photographer Martine Franck and his daughter to preserve and share his legacy. In 2018, the foundation relocated from the Montparnasse district to Le Marais. Cartier-Bresson's photographs were also influential in","title":"Henri Cartier-Bresson"},{"psg_id":"10683736","text":"south-west of Sept-Îles at the mouth of the Pentecôte River. This name is attributed to Jacques Cartier who arrived at the place on the day of Pentecost in 1535. In 1884, the \"Penticost River\" Post Office opened, frenchized to Rivière-Pentecôte in 1933. At the end of the 19th century, it was among the most important industrial centres along the North Shore. In 1972, the Municipality of Rivière-Pentecôte was formed out of unorganized territory. On February 19, 2003, the Municipality of Rivière-Pentecôte was amalgamated into the Town of Port-Cartier. Mother tongue: <br> <br> Port-Cartier Port-Cartier is a town in the Côte-Nord","title":"Port-Cartier"},{"psg_id":"787470","text":"weather and hostile natives drove the would-be settlers to despair. Cartier spent the rest of his life in Saint-Malo and his nearby estate, where he often was useful as an interpreter in Portuguese. He died at age 65 on September 1, 1557, during an epidemic, possibly of typhus, though many sources list his cause of death as unknown. Cartier is interred in St. Vincent's Cathedral. No permanent European settlements were made in Canada before 1605, when Samuel Champlain founded Port Royal in present-day Victoria Beach just outside Annapolis Royal. Having already located the entrance to the St. Lawrence on his","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"2430245","text":"Modernism. Cartier-Bresson also studied painting with society portraitist Jacques Émile Blanche. During this period, he read Dostoevsky, Schopenhauer, Rimbaud, Nietzsche, Mallarmé, Freud, Proust, Joyce, Hegel, Engels and Marx. Lhote took his pupils to the Louvre to study classical artists and to Paris galleries to study contemporary art. Cartier-Bresson's interest in modern art was combined with an admiration for the works of the Renaissance masters: Jan van Eyck, Paolo Uccello, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca. Cartier-Bresson regarded Lhote as his teacher of \"photography without a camera.\" Although Cartier-Bresson became frustrated with Lhote's \"rule-laden\" approach to art, the rigorous theoretical training later helped","title":"Henri Cartier-Bresson"},{"psg_id":"18787754","text":"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"11592437","text":"home to a variety of animals, including the map turtle. Environmental science activities are offered by the Groupe uni des éducateurs-naturalistes et professionnels en environnement (GUEPE). The park includes stands of silver birch and sugar maple, with a sugar shack where visitors can watch the production of maple syrup, in season. The park has of hiking trails and over of trails for cross country skiing. The name \"Cap St. Jacques\" was written on maps as . The land mass south of the (cape) of Cap St. Jacques is the Jacques Cartier electoral district. conjectures the name comes from Jacques Bizard,","title":"Cap-Saint-Jacques Nature Park"},{"psg_id":"17247247","text":"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.","title":"What Katie Did (company)"},{"psg_id":"15292797","text":"What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? is the debut studio album by English indie rock band The Vaccines. It was released on 11 March 2011 by Columbia Records, entering the UK Albums Chart at #4, going on to become the biggest-selling debut by a band in 2011. Two singles preceded the release of the album which attained generally positive reviews and gold status by May of the same year. The first single from the album, \"Wreckin' Bar (Ra Ra Ra)\" / \"Blow It Up\" was released in the United Kingdom on 22","title":"What Did You Expect from The Vaccines?"},{"psg_id":"4986223","text":"the banner of the Labor-Progressive Party, which was a front organization for the banned Communist Party of Canada during the 1940s and 1950s. Sam Jacobs was the riding's MP for many years and was in his final years also the president of the Canadian Jewish Congress. The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Laurier, Outremont and Saint-Jacques ridings. Every single MP to represent this riding was Jewish. Cartier (electoral district) Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. The riding","title":"Cartier (electoral district)"},{"psg_id":"15292800","text":"cites \"I, Jonathan\" by Jonathan Richman, \"Milo Goes to College\" by Descendents and \"California Girls\" by The Beach Boys as his major inspirations during the writing of this album. All lyrics written by Justin Young; all music composed by The Vaccines. What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? is the debut studio album by English indie rock band The Vaccines. It was released on 11 March 2011 by Columbia Records, entering the UK Albums Chart at #4, going on to become the biggest-selling debut by a band in 2011. Two singles preceded the","title":"What Did You Expect from The Vaccines?"},{"psg_id":"11329783","text":"Albert Cartier Albert Cartier, born 22 November 1960, is a former professional footballer and mostr ecently manager for Gazélec Ajaccio. Cartier was fired from FC Brussels on January 2008 for bad results and did not reach a new agreement with RAEC Mons. On 12 January 2010, the French coach left Panthrakikos. In September 2010, Cartier became the new coach of K.A.S. Eupen, a team from the Belgian league In June 2012, he signed a two-year contract with his former team FC Metz, which was relegated for the first time in its history to Championnat National, the third level of French","title":"Albert Cartier"},{"psg_id":"787468","text":"Returning to Charlesbourg-Royal, Cartier found the situation ominous. The Iroquoians no longer made friendly visits or peddled fish and game, but prowled about in a sinister manner. No records exist about the winter of 1541–1542 and the information must be gleaned from the few details provided by returning sailors. It seems the natives attacked and killed about 35 settlers before the Frenchmen could retreat behind their fortifications. Even though scurvy was cured through the native remedy (Thuja occidentalis infusion), the impression left is of a general misery, and of Cartier's growing conviction that he had insufficient manpower either to protect","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"787456","text":"in 1524. Le Veneur cited voyages to Newfoundland and Brazil as proof of Cartier's ability to \"lead ships to the discovery of new lands in the New World\". On April 20, 1534, Cartier set sail under a commission from the king, hoping to discover a western passage to the wealthy markets of Asia. In the words of the commission, he was to \"discover certain islands and lands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found\". It took him twenty days to sail across the ocean. Starting on May 10 of","title":"Jacques Cartier"},{"psg_id":"6661255","text":"successes, Louis and Pierre got married, while Jacques kept himself busy by fulfilling royal needs and desires and trips abroad in search of unique and exceptional beauty in gems. Jacques went to the Persian Gulf to find the perfect pearl. Jacques then proceeded to India, carrying magnificent jewellery of local maharajahs back to the London studio to redesign and modify for their own use. Together, Pierre and Jacques purchased a large number of pearls and precious stones from an Indian prince. The uniqueness of the pearls and stones created a sense of each piece of jewellery being special, which helped","title":"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)"},{"psg_id":"4986222","text":"Cartier (electoral district) Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. The riding covered much of Montreal's old Jewish district (from 1933 including parts of the Mile End neighbourhood). It was one of the smallest ridings in the country in area. It was created in 1924 from parts of George-Étienne Cartier riding. Cartier is the only riding in Canada to have elected a Communist to the House of Commons: Fred Rose, who was elected in a 1943 by-election, and re-elected in 1945. Rose ran under","title":"Cartier (electoral district)"},{"psg_id":"20558752","text":"failed relationships and one-night stands and wonders to himself if he could have been the one to provide her the lasting relationship she had been longing for. The single peaked at No. 4 in February 1978 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, and No. 2 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Singles chart about the same time. What Did I Promise Her Last Night \"What Did I Promise Her Last Night\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in November 1977 as the second and final single from the album \"Love's Troubled Waters\".","title":"What Did I Promise Her Last Night"},{"psg_id":"11167114","text":"the ship carrying the three members foundered at sea. The Court of Directors did not send a replacement and recalled Cartier. Warren Hastings was selected as his replacement; he took office on 13 April 1772. Cartier became a High Sheriff of Kent in 1789. Unusually the previous incumbent, James Bond, continued from the year before and Cartier served only for the latter part of the year. Cartier died in Bedgbury, Kent on 25 January 1802 and was buried at Goudhurst, Kent. He was eulogized by Edmund Burke for his government of Bengal. His wife Stephana, the daughter of Stephen Law","title":"John Cartier"},{"psg_id":"14863869","text":"North quarter North-West from our settlement, is a place where Jacques Cartier wintered, since there are still , a leak of the river remains of what seems to have been a cheminey, the foundation of which has been found and indications of there having been ditches surrounding there dwelling which was small.\" It is also at the confluence of the Saint-Charles and Lairet rivers that a group of five Jesuit missionaries settle in 1625 with the objective of evangelizing the natives. This was the first settlement of the Society of Jesus in Quebec. The group was composed of fathers Jean","title":"Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site"},{"psg_id":"2430264","text":"the significance of an event as well as of a precise organization of forms which give that event its proper expression.\"). Both titles came from Tériade, the Greek-born French publisher whom Cartier-Bresson admired. He gave the book its French title, \"Images à la Sauvette\", loosely translated as \"images on the run\" or \"stolen images.\" Dick Simon of Simon & Schuster came up with the English title \"The Decisive Moment\". Margot Shore, Magnum's Paris bureau chief, translated Cartier-Bresson's French preface into English. \"Photography is not like painting,\" Cartier-Bresson told the \"Washington Post\" in 1957. \"There is a creative fraction of a","title":"Henri Cartier-Bresson"},{"psg_id":"3536479","text":"Survey of Mixed Movies\", critic John Howard Reid says of Cartier's 1958 film \"Passionate Summer\": \"It's hard to believe that... anyone could make such a dull movie. Yet this is precisely what director Rudolph Cartier has done. I've never heard of Mr Cartier before or since but presumably he made this brief foray into films from that synthetic world of ugly close-ups—TV.\" Speaking to \"The Times\" in 1958, Cartier explained that television was still developing as a medium, and that part of his work was to help create the next generation of those who would produce television drama. \"The BBC","title":"Rudolph Cartier"},{"psg_id":"19446423","text":"part of the album's pre-release video series. The official music video was released on July 9, 2017. Also directed by Edwards, the video is composed of footage from Bentley's 2017 tour. What the Hell Did I Say \"What the Hell Did I Say\" is a song co-written and recorded by country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in June 2017 as the fourth single from his 2016 album \"Black\". This is the second collaboration by Bentley, Kear and Tompkins, following the highly successful No. 1 single \"Drunk on a Plane\". However, unlike \"Drunk\", this song underperformed and became the","title":"What the Hell Did I Say"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10652064\",\n \"text\": \"some of concrete, some of wood, some of brick, along its streets. Jacques-Cartier merged with the city of Longueuil in 1969. Although the territory of Jacques-Cartier was six times larger than that of Longueuil, it was the Longueuil name that was retained because of historic reasons (Longueuil was much older than Jacques-Cartier). Today, the western part of what used to be Jacques-Cartier is primarily low-income, highly populated, retail-oriented and completely built-up. The architecture in this area can be defined as a mishmash and non-uniform, as buildings were usually constructed when the property owners had enough money to build them. The\",\n \"title\": \"Ville Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6661253\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques Cartier (jeweler) Jacques-Théodule Cartier (1884–1942) was one of three sons of Alfred Cartier and the brother of Pierre Cartier and Louis Cartier. Pierre's grandfather, Louis-François Cartier (1819–1904) had taken over the jewellery workshop of his teacher, Adolphe Picard, in 1847, thereby founding the famous Cartier jewellery company. Jacques worked with his two older brothers to create the world-famous name and business, ‘Cartier’, in jewellery and watches. While Jaqcues Cartier opened and managed the store in London, Pierre Cartier managed the store in New York City. Jacques took charge of the London operation of Cartier in 1909 and eventually moved\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1626951\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques Cartier Strait The Jacques Cartier Strait (French: Détroit de Jacques-Cartier) is a strait in eastern Quebec, Canada, flowing between Anticosti Island and the Labrador Peninsula. It is one of the two outlets of the Saint Lawrence River into its estuary, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The other is the Honguedo Strait on the south side of Anticosti Island. The Jacques Cartier Strait is approximately wide at its narrowest point. Jacques Cartier Strait was officially named for the French explorer Jacques Cartier in 1934 by the Geographic Board of Quebec to commemorate the 400th anniversary of his arrival in North\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Strait\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6661256\",\n \"text\": \"with the success of their business. Jacques ran the London store until his death in 1942. His brother Louis also died in the same year. The Cartier family of jewellers relinquished control of the family business in 1964 due to the passing of Pierre. Jacques Cartier (jeweler) Jacques-Théodule Cartier (1884–1942) was one of three sons of Alfred Cartier and the brother of Pierre Cartier and Louis Cartier. Pierre's grandfather, Louis-François Cartier (1819–1904) had taken over the jewellery workshop of his teacher, Adolphe Picard, in 1847, thereby founding the famous Cartier jewellery company. Jacques worked with his two older brothers to\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7844693\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques-Cartier River The Jacques-Cartier River is a river in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is 161 km long and its source is Jacques-Cartier Lake in Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, and flows in a predominantly southern direction before ending in the Saint Lawrence River at Donnacona, about 30 km upstream from Quebec City. It is currently under nomination for Canadian Heritage River status. The Jacques-Cartier River drains an area of , starting in and flowing for nearly through the Laurentian mountains in the geological region of Grenville (one of the youngest sections of the Canadian Shield, formed 955 million years ago),\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier River\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11642187\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques Cartier Stakes The Jacques Cartier Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually since 1954 at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Run in mid April, the sprint race is open to horses aged four and older and is run over a distance of six furlongs on Polytrack synthetic dirt. Inaugurated in 1954 at the now defunct Greenwood Raceway in Toronto, the Jacques Cartier Stakes is named in honour of the French explorer, Jacques Cartier. It was raced at Woodbine Racetrack from 1956 through 1967 after which it was hosted by Fort Erie Racetrack through 1975. In 1976 the\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Stakes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11368253\",\n \"text\": \"is located in the Laurentian Mountains along the Jacques-Cartier River valley, to the west of Quebec Route 175. Jacques-Cartier is a 30 minutes drive from Québec City. Grands-Jardins National Park is located to the northeast of the park, while the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve is located to the north. The park is also located near the Canadian Forces military base CFB Valcartier. The park contains several glacial landforms such as drumlins and moraine. The most prominent glacial landform in Jacques-Cartier National Park is the Jacques-Cartier Valley (French:\\\"Vallée de la Jacques-Cartier\\\"). The U-shaped valley is deep and was formed during the last\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1626952\",\n \"text\": \"America. Prior to this, it was also known as \\\"Détroit Saint-Pierre\\\" (by Cartier himself on August 1, 1534, the day of St. Peter), Labrador Channel (until 1815), and Mingan Passage. Jacques Cartier Strait The Jacques Cartier Strait (French: Détroit de Jacques-Cartier) is a strait in eastern Quebec, Canada, flowing between Anticosti Island and the Labrador Peninsula. It is one of the two outlets of the Saint Lawrence River into its estuary, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The other is the Honguedo Strait on the south side of Anticosti Island. The Jacques Cartier Strait is approximately wide at its narrowest point.\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Strait\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4156351\",\n \"text\": \"built in memory of Admiral Horatio Nelson. The statue was removed in 1997 to preserve it from the weather, and was subsequently replaced with a copy. Place Jacques-Cartier Place Jacques-Cartier (English: Jacques Cartier square) is a square located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an entrance to the Old Port of Montreal. In 1723, the Château Vaudreuil was built for Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil - its formal gardens occupying the space that is now the square. The Chateau burned down in 1803 and it was suggested by The Hon. Jean-Baptiste Durocher and The Hon. Joseph Périnault that\",\n \"title\": \"Place Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3867254\",\n \"text\": \"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier (formerly known as Portneuf) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1867. Its population in 2001 was 87,141. Ethnic groups: 99.1% White<br> Languages: 97.0% French, 2.0% English <br> Religions: 94.0% Catholic, 1.4% Protestant, 4.2% no religious affiliation <br> Average income: $28,030 The district includes the Regional County Municipalities of Portneuf and La Jacques-Cartier as well as the municipality of Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. The main communities are Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Donnacona, Lac-Beauport, Neuville, Pont-Rouge, Shannon, Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, Saint-Raymond, Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, and Deschambault-Grondines. Its area is 7,617 km. The electoral district was created\",\n \"title\": \"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3867255\",\n \"text\": \"in the British North America Act of 1867 as \\\"Portneuf\\\". It was renamed \\\"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier\\\" on 1 September 2004. The Conservative Party did not run a candidate in Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier in the 2008 and 2011 elections as incumbent independent André Arthur was a self-described libertarian who consistently voted with and supported the Conservative Party in the House of Commons. There were no changes to this riding during the 2012 electoral redistribution. This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada: Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote\",\n \"title\": \"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7844699\",\n \"text\": \"raccoon, gray wolf, river otter, porcupine, moose, white-tailed deer, and caribou; in all 23 species of mammals. There are 104 species of birds, including birds of prey such as the barred owl, American kestrel, and osprey. Finally, there are 16 species of fish, of which brook trout in particular can be found frequently. In addition, a reintroduction program has been established for Atlantic salmon, which disappeared from the river in the 19th century. Jacques-Cartier River The Jacques-Cartier River is a river in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is 161 km long and its source is Jacques-Cartier Lake in Laurentides\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier River\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787476\",\n \"text\": \"was the Sieur de Roberval, who replaced Cartier as the leader of the settlement. This colony was the first known European settlement in modern-day Canada since the c.1000 AD L'Anse aux Meadows Viking village in northern Newfoundland. Its rediscovery has been hailed by archaeologists as the most important find in Canada since the L'Anse aux Meadows rediscovery. Jacques Cartier Island, located on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of Quirpon, is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the Strait of Belle Isle during\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7148415\",\n \"text\": \"activities for children, and demonstrations by the Canadian Forces SkyHawks parachute team. Maison Charron, the oldest surviving house in Hull, is located in the park. It was restored by the NCC in 1985 and is used for various activities. Jacques Cartier Park Jacques Cartier Park is a park in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, along the Ottawa River. It is at the base of the Alexandra Bridge, facing the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa. It is named for French explorer Jacques Cartier, who arrived at the mouth of the Ottawa River while he was looking for the Northwest Passage. The National\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7148414\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques Cartier Park Jacques Cartier Park is a park in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, along the Ottawa River. It is at the base of the Alexandra Bridge, facing the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa. It is named for French explorer Jacques Cartier, who arrived at the mouth of the Ottawa River while he was looking for the Northwest Passage. The National Capital Commission (NCC) uses the site to run one of its popular annual events, Winterlude every February. It is also a busy site on Canada Day, offering activities such as music and dance shows throughout the day, entertainment and\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4156348\",\n \"text\": \"Place Jacques-Cartier Place Jacques-Cartier (English: Jacques Cartier square) is a square located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an entrance to the Old Port of Montreal. In 1723, the Château Vaudreuil was built for Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil - its formal gardens occupying the space that is now the square. The Chateau burned down in 1803 and it was suggested by The Hon. Jean-Baptiste Durocher and The Hon. Joseph Périnault that the space be transformed into a public square, known as New Market Place. In 1809, Montreal's oldest public monument was raised there, Nelson's Column. In 1847,\",\n \"title\": \"Place Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10652063\",\n \"text\": \"the rest of the town) went on to form an independent municipality under the name of Préville. In 1949, Jacques-Cartier lost another portion of its territory which became Ville LeMoyne. Originally incorporated as a town, Jacques-Cartier gained the status of city in 1952. Jacques-Cartier grew extremely quickly, much too fast for its existing infrastructure. It lacked a sewer system and paved roads. Dogs ran wildly in the streets. Houses were built as soon as the owner had the materials required to make one. The city had few or no laws on architectural integrity. This led to a mishmash of buildings,\",\n \"title\": \"Ville Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11368252\",\n \"text\": \"Wildlife Reserve, whose lands the park was formed from, was created in 1895. The end of World War II, as well as improved road networks, brought in an considerable increase in the number of visitors to the area. In 1972, Hydro-Québec proposed building a dam on the Jacques-Cartier river, which would have resulted in flooding the valley. Due to public pressure, the project was abandoned in 1975. That same year also saw the end of the lumber industry in the region. In 1981, Jacques-Cartier National Park was created from the southernmost lands of the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve. Jacques-Cartier National Park\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11368255\",\n \"text\": \"also visited by more than 100 species of birds. Jacques-Cartier National Park had 145,600 visitors in 2005, with a third of those visitors coming from outside the region. Activities at the park include of hiking trails, of biking trails, kayaking, fishing, canoeing, tubing, snowshoeing and skiing. Accommodations at the park include 9 cabins, 5 yurts and 114 campsites. In 2009, the park underwent a $2.3 million renovation to both modernize and build new infrastructure such as roads and cottages. Jacques-Cartier National Park Jacques-Cartier National Park () is a provincial park located north of Quebec City. The park aims to protect\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8918861\",\n \"text\": \"property as repayment. Cartier established a postal service in the Richelieu valley in 1800. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Surrey in 1804 and was reelected in 1808. He died in Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu in 1814. His grandson, George-Étienne Cartier, later served as a premier for the Province of Canada and was a Father of Confederation. Jacques Cartier (businessman) Jacques Cartier (April 10, 1750 – March 22, 1814) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in the town of Quebec in 1750, the son of a Quebec merchant. He studied at Longue-Pointe\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (businessman)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4977850\",\n \"text\": \"Mr. Monk's resignation, 2 March 1914 By-election: On Mr. Lafortune's death, 19 October 1922 By-election: On Mr. Mallette's death, 17 April 1939 By-election: On Mr. Marier's acceptance of an office of emolument under the Crown, 24 August 1949 Jacques Cartier (electoral district) Jacques Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1953. It was created by the \\\"British North America Act\\\", 1867. It was amalgamated into the Jacques-Cartier—Lasalle electoral district in 1952. This riding elected the following Members of Parliament: By-election: On Mr. Laflamme being named\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4977849\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques Cartier (electoral district) Jacques Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1953. It was created by the \\\"British North America Act\\\", 1867. It was amalgamated into the Jacques-Cartier—Lasalle electoral district in 1952. This riding elected the following Members of Parliament: By-election: On Mr. Laflamme being named Minister of Inland Revenue, 9 November 1876 By-election: On Mr. Girouard being named Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, 28 September 1895 By-election: On Mr. Monk being appointed Minister of Public Works, 10 October 1911 By-election: On\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11368251\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques-Cartier National Park Jacques-Cartier National Park () is a provincial park located north of Quebec City. The park aims to protect wildlife in the Laurentian massif. It lies within the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion. The Montagnais and the Huron peoples used to inhabit lands that currently make up Jacques-Cartier National Park. During the 17th century, Hurons worked as guides for Jesuits who wanted to travel between Quebec City and Lac Saint-Jean without using the St. Lawrence River. Starting in the mid-19th century, the area was a major producer of lumber. Due to pressure from the American conservationist movement, the Laurentian\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2794144\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques Cartier Bridge The Jacques Cartier Bridge () is a steel truss cantilever bridge crossing the Saint Lawrence River from Montreal Island, Montreal, Quebec to the south shore at Longueuil, Quebec, Canada. The bridge crosses Île Sainte-Hélène in the centre of the river, where offramps allow access to the Parc Jean-Drapeau and La Ronde amusement park. Originally named the Montreal Harbour Bridge (\\\"pont du Havre\\\"), it was renamed in 1934 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Jacques Cartier's first voyage up the St. Lawrence River. The five-lane highway bridge is in length, including the approach viaducts. There are approximately 35.8\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14969456\",\n \"text\": \"and to heavy helicopters. \\\"Jacques Cartier\\\" was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 28 November 1999 to 12 January 2000. She was decommissioned in July 2013 after returning from her final deployment overseas. French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033) Jacques Cartier (L9033) is one of five BATRAL (\\\"Light ferry ship\\\") vessels operated by the French Navy. The BATRAL vessels are able to ferry over 400 tons of matériel, in the hangar and on the deck. Loading and unloading can be done from a harbour or from a beach. Two flat-bottom vessels allow unloading 50\",\n \"title\": \"French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18301239\",\n \"text\": \"41 km of the river is managed by the \\\"zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier\\\". The Jacques-Cartier River drains a watershed of : The course of the river is mainly in forested area. However, the last segment of the path of the river is generally in agriculture (some forested areas) and the river pass through different villages (from the north): Vacation Village of Valcaltier, Shannon, Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, Pont-Rouge and Donnacona. Territory of Zec A segment of the river under the administration of the zec begins at the mouth of the Jacques-Cartier River upstream to Shannon, located near the CFB Valcartier. The top part,\",\n \"title\": \"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8918860\",\n \"text\": \"Jacques Cartier (businessman) Jacques Cartier (April 10, 1750 – March 22, 1814) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in the town of Quebec in 1750, the son of a Quebec merchant. He studied at Longue-Pointe (later Montreal) and became a merchant at Quebec. Around 1772, he moved to Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, where he became a grain merchant. He served in the local militia during the American invasion of Quebec in 1775-6 and continued in the militia afterwards, becoming lieutenant-colonel in 1808. Cartier built a gristmill so he could produce flour. He also lent money, sometimes taking\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (businessman)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3867256\",\n \"text\": \"in 2000 election. Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election. Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election. Note: Change in popular vote is calculated from popular vote in the 1935 general election. \\\"National Government\\\" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election. Note: Change in popular vote is calculated from popular vote in the 1896 general election. Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier (formerly known as Portneuf) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1867. Its\",\n \"title\": \"Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2794161\",\n \"text\": \"progressively from the spring energizing green, to the radiant summer orange, to the voluptuous autumn red and the icy blue of winter. The bridge also gives the pulse of Montreal life in real time. The intensity, speed and density of light movements are fueled by the mention of Montreal on Twitter. The first lighting up of the bridge occurred on May 17, 2017, the same day associated with the founding of Montreal in 1642 and officially kicking off the festivities for the 375th anniversary. Jacques Cartier Bridge The Jacques Cartier Bridge () is a steel truss cantilever bridge crossing the\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7844695\",\n \"text\": \"Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, Pont-Rouge and Donnacona. Important tributaries are: The reports that according to surveyor John Adams, in 1829, the river was known by the Hurons as \\\"Lahdaweoole\\\", meaning \\\"coming from far\\\". They and the Montagnais used its shores for fishing and trapping. It is estimated that this region has been used by First Nations for over 7,000 years. Explorer Samuel de Champlain mentioned this river in 1632 as the \\\"Sturgeon and Salmon River\\\". In 1656, a map of Samson of Abbeville showed \\\"R. J. Quartier\\\" as the river's designation, probably so named according to the popular belief that Jacques Cartier had\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier River\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10652065\",\n \"text\": \"eastern part, on the other hand, tends to be the opposite. It is by far less densely populated than its western counterpart and contains the industrial section of Longueuil. Recently built designer mansions and condominiums are plentiful (notably in the Collectivité-Nouvelle and Parcours du Cerf neighbourhoods), and the area is becoming increasing built up. The far northeast known as the Fatima neighbourhood (which borders the city of Boucherville) is similar to the western part, with many bungalows and apartment buildings dating from Jacques-Cartier. During its 22 years of existence, Jacques-Cartier gave birth to some of the most well-known establishments of\",\n \"title\": \"Ville Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18301240\",\n \"text\": \"segments of the river under the aegis of Zec are discontinuous. The upper limit of the zec is just north of the bridge Railway CN in Shannon. The river segment administered by the zec counts 46 small islands. The names \\\"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier\\\", the \\\"Jacques-Cartier National Park\\\" and the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality are directly related to the name of the river and lake head. This name was formalized on June 7, 1991 at the Bank of place names of the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Quebec). Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier The zec de\",\n \"title\": \"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18301238\",\n \"text\": \"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier The zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier is a \\\"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\\\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the municipality of Donnacona, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative area of the Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada. With a length of (or 177 km depending to the references), the Jacques-Cartier River takes it source in Jacques Cartier Lake, in Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, in the region of the Capitale-Nationale. The waters descend south to the mouth that flows into the St. Lawrence River between Cap-Santé and Donnacona, at 30 kilometers west of Quebec city. A lower segment of\",\n \"title\": \"Zec de la Rivière-Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787464\",\n \"text\": \"be full of gold, rubies and other treasures. After an arduous trip down the St. Lawrence and a three-week Atlantic crossing, Cartier and his men arrived in Saint-Malo on July 15, 1536, concluding the second, 14-month voyage, which was to be Cartier's most profitable. On October 17, 1540, Francis ordered the navigator Jacques Cartier to return to Canada to lend weight to a colonization project of which he would be \\\"captain general\\\". However, January 15, 1541, saw Cartier supplanted by Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval, a Huguenot courtier and friend of the king named as the first lieutenant general\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7844698\",\n \"text\": \"and in 1981 Jacques-Cartier Park was created out of the wildlife reserve as a conservation park, accessible to the public for nature interpretation and nature friendly recreation activities. The river bank is typically mixed forest, consisting of yellow birch and sugar maple, whereas the surrounding areas show rather the boreal forest rich in conifers, in particular the black spruce. This distinction is clearly visible in the steeper sections of the valley where a milder microclimate prevails. The fauna therefore is typical of a Canadian mixed forest. One can find in the Jacques-Cartier River valley the American black bear, bobcat, common\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier River\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11642188\",\n \"text\": \"race returned to Greenwood Raceway where it remained through 1993. It returned to its prest location at Woodbine Racetrack in 1994. The race was run in two divisions in 1984. Since inception it has been contested at various distances: Speed record: Most wins: Most wins by an owner: Most wins by a jockey: Most wins by a trainer: Jacques Cartier Stakes The Jacques Cartier Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually since 1954 at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Run in mid April, the sprint race is open to horses aged four and older and is run over\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Stakes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4156350\",\n \"text\": \"summer. During the summer season, \\\"Jardin Nelson\\\" offers a garden restaurant on Place Jacques-Cartier. Other restaurants similarly offer classical Parisian-style \\\"terraces\\\" for taking a drink or dining in the open air. And on the other side of the place, the famous restaurant Saint-Amable (the oldest restaurant in town) welcomes Montreal celebrities and locals in a crooner jazz atmosphere. Near Place Jacques-Cartier on rue de la Commune, an original piece of the wall of the old fortified city can still be seen in the basement restaurant of the Auberge du Vieux-Port. At the upper end of the Place stands Nelson's Column,\",\n \"title\": \"Place Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10652066\",\n \"text\": \"Le Vieux-Longueuil borough; notably Collège Édouard-Montpetit (1967), Gérard-Fillion secondary school (1966), and the current location of Pratt & Whitney Canada (1951). The city hall, police station and fire station of Jacques-Cartier were all located together on Cure-Poirier Boulevard between the streets Daniel and Brebeuf. This site still serve as an office building for the modern city of Longueuil and also include a fire station. Jacques-Cartier was overwhelmingly francophone. It had twelve Catholic parishes at the time of its merger with Longueuil in 1969. The clergy played a large role in the success of the community. It ran various social organizations\",\n \"title\": \"Ville Jacques-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14969455\",\n \"text\": \"French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033) Jacques Cartier (L9033) is one of five BATRAL (\\\"Light ferry ship\\\") vessels operated by the French Navy. The BATRAL vessels are able to ferry over 400 tons of matériel, in the hangar and on the deck. Loading and unloading can be done from a harbour or from a beach. Two flat-bottom vessels allow unloading 50 men and light vehicles each. The accommodations are designed for a \\\"Guépard\\\"-type intervention unit (5 officers, 15 petty officers and 118 men), or for typical company-sized armoured units. A helicopter landing deck allows landing for light helicopters, and transfer from\",\n \"title\": \"French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7844696\",\n \"text\": \"passed by the river's mouth. This natural highway was used among others by Jesuit missionaries to reach the Lac Saint-Jean area during the 17th century. Logging in the Laurentian highlands became an important economic activity during the second half of the 18th century. The Jacques-Cartier River was used for log drives to transport the logs to the Saint-Lawrence River and to the mills downstream. This practice was only stopped in 1975. With the settlement of French immigrants near the river's mouth came the formation of townships (modelled after English townships after their conquest of 1759) and new industries appeared such\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier River\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787477\",\n \"text\": \"the 1530s. The existed, and printed banknotes, between 1861 and 1899 in Lower Canada, then Quebec. It was folded into the , and later still the National Bank of Canada. In 2005, Cartier's \\\"Bref récit et succincte narration de la navigation faite en MDXXXV et MDXXXVI\\\" was named one of the 100 most important books in Canadian history by the \\\"Literary Review of Canada\\\". The Tragically Hip reference Jacques Cartier in their song \\\"Looking for a Place to Happen\\\". The song deals with primitivism and colonialism in the context of European ideologies and mythic exploration narratives in line with Cartier's\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2794152\",\n \"text\": \"the Restigouche River between Campbellton, New Brunswick and Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec. This bridge was not built until 1958. The structure was a toll bridge from its opening until 1962 and a toll plaza was located on the southern approach. The toll plaza area now houses the offices of the corporation that owns and operates the structure and the nearby Champlain Bridge. Tokens were issued for part of the period that tolls were collected. Toll booths were abolished in 1962. The original toll rates were as follows: From the beginning of its use, the Jacques Cartier Bridge was nicknamed \\\"the crooked bridge\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7844697\",\n \"text\": \"as flour mills. In 1895 the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve was created to provide fishing, hunting, and recreation opportunities for the people. From 1918 on, the construction of fishing camps made fishing more and more popular. The end of the First World War and the construction of nearby roads to Lac Saint-Jean also contributed to this popularity. Then hydro-electric dams started to be built, taking advantage of the river's geography up until the 1970s. In 1972, a proposed Hydro-Québec project would have flooded the Jacques-Cartier River valley, but the project was strongly opposed by the population. The government reversed its decision\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier River\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7844694\",\n \"text\": \"then flows through the sedimentary rocks of the St. Lawrence Lowlands for approximately , from the municipality of Pont-Rouge to its mouth. The area covered by the drainage basin is for the most part undeveloped or protected, especially its source. In fact, 77% of its length is protected by the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve and the Jacques-Cartier National Park where one finds a steep glaciated valley formed during the last glaciation. Nevertheless, about 25,000 people live on the shores of this river close to its mouth, where it crosses the regional municipality of Portneuf and the municipalities of Tewkesbury, Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier, Shannon,\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier River\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787460\",\n \"text\": \"the small and squalid village of Stadacona, and a crowd of over a thousand came to the river edge to greet the Frenchmen. The site of their arrival has been confidently identified as the beginning of the Sainte-Marie Sault – where the bridge named after him now stands. The expedition could proceed no further, as the river was blocked by rapids. So certain was Cartier that the river was the Northwest Passage and that the rapids were all that was preventing him from sailing to China, that the rapids and the town that eventually grew up near them came to\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2794147\",\n \"text\": \"half years. The groundbreaking was held on May 26, 1925. Construction began immediately and the cornerstone was laid on August 9, 1926 on Pillar No. 26. The superstructure was built between September 1926 and September 1929. 33,267 tons of steel were needed for its construction. The work was completed about a year and a half ahead of schedule, without disrupting river traffic. It opened to traffic on May 14, 1930, however the inauguration ceremony took place a few days later, on May 24. The bridge was inaugurated as the \\\"Harbour Bridge\\\" but was renamed \\\"Jacques Cartier Bridge\\\" in 1934, following\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2794145\",\n \"text\": \"million vehicle crossings annually, making it the third busiest bridge in Canada, the first being Champlain Bridge, just a few kilometres upstream. The second busiest bridge in Canada overall is the Port Mann Bridge in Metro Vancouver (connecting Surrey to Coquitlam). Together with Champlain Bridge, it is administered by the Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated (JCCBI), a Canadian Crown Corporation which reports to Infrastructure Canada. Discussions began as early as 1874 about the construction of a new bridge to alleviate the congestion on Victoria Bridge, which was then a rail-only bridge, the wintertime ice bridge and the ferries used\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787465\",\n \"text\": \"of French Canada. Roberval was to lead the expedition, with Cartier as his chief navigator. While Roberval waited for artillery and supplies, he gave permission to Cartier to sail on ahead with his ships. On May 23, 1541, Cartier departed Saint-Malo on his third voyage with five ships. This time, any thought of finding a passage to the Orient was forgotten. The goals were now to find the \\\"Kingdom of Saguenay\\\" and its riches, and to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River. Anchoring at Stadacona, Cartier again met the Iroquoians, but found their \\\"show of joy\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6661254\",\n \"text\": \"to the current location at 175 New Bond Street. Meanwhile, Louis Cartier was the designer who created the Cartier style we know today. The brothers divided and conquered. Cartier was very lucky in getting the recommendation of Princess Mathilde, the young cousin of Napoleon III, and this contributed to the boosting business. In the early 1900s, \\\"Cartier became jewellers to the Rockefellers, Vanderbilts, the Fords, the Morgans, King Edward VII, King Zog of Albania, and King Chulalongkorn of Siam, who, in 1907 alone, according to Cartier biographer Hans Nadelhoffer, bought Cartier bracelets to the value of $450,000.\\\" Through their continued\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4901376\",\n \"text\": \"Front. This line too has survived, with over thirty varieties made since. In the early 1920s, Cartier formed a joint company with Edward Jaeger (of Jaeger-LeCoultre) to produce movements solely for Cartier. Cartier continued to use movements from other makers: Vacheron Constantin, Audemars Piguet, Movado and LeCoultre. It was also during this period that Cartier began adding its own reference numbers to the watches it sold, usually by stamping a four-digit code on the underside of a lug. Jacques took charge of the London operation and eventually moved to the current address at New Bond Street. Pierre Cartier established the\",\n \"title\": \"Cartier (jeweler)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4901377\",\n \"text\": \"New York City branch in 1909, moving in 1917 to 653 Fifth Avenue, the Neo-Renaissance mansion of Morton Freeman Plant (son of railroad tycoon Henry B. Plant) and designed by architect C.P.H. Gilbert. Cartier bought it from the Plants in exchange for $100 in cash and a double-stranded natural pearl necklace valued at the time at $1 million. Among the Cartier team was Charles Jacqueau, who joined Louis Cartier in 1909 for the rest of his life, and Jeanne Toussaint, who was Director of Fine Jewellery from 1933. After the death of Pierre in 1964, Jean-Jacques Cartier (Jacques's son), Claude\",\n \"title\": \"Cartier (jeweler)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787462\",\n \"text\": \"Charles River, under the Rock of Quebec. Ice was over a fathom (1.8 m) thick on the river, with snow four feet (1.2 m) deep ashore. To add to the misery, scurvy broke out – first among the Iroquoians, and then among the French. Cartier estimated the number of dead Iroquoians at 50. On a visit by Domagaya to the French fort, Cartier inquired and learned from him that a concoction made from a tree known as annedda, probably Spruce beer, or \\\"arbor vitae,\\\" would cure scurvy. This remedy likely saved the expedition from destruction, allowing 85 Frenchmen to survive\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11368254\",\n \"text\": \"glacial period. The plateau consists mainly of coniferous trees such as the black spruce, while the valley consists mainly of deciduous trees such as sugar maple and yellow birch. The invasive Japanese knotweed has also appeared in the park's boundaries. The wildlife is typical of a boreal forest. Animals that can be found in the park include moose, caribou, white-tailed deer, gray wolf, red fox, the Canada lynx, the black bear, river otter, porcupine and the Canadian beaver. Atlantic salmon, brook trout and the Arctic char can be found in the lakes and in the Jacques-Cartier river. The park is\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques-Cartier National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14863871\",\n \"text\": \"Huron seminary until 1639. From 1688 to the beginning of the 1970s many hand-crafting and industrial activities were held on the location of National Historic Site Cartier-Brébeuf. Here is an exhaustive list by chronological order. In the 19th century, before the establishment of the National Historic Site Cartier-Brébeuf, interests toward the creation of a site to commemorate the second voyage of Jacques Cartier grew among the population of Quebec City. Here is a list of the important steps in the history of the site: 1835: Erection of a wooden cross commemorating the second voyage of Jacques Cartier in front the\",\n \"title\": \"Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16713170\",\n \"text\": \"Maison Cartier Maison Cartier is a historic house in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Place Jacques-Cartier in Old Montreal. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada on November 19, 1982. It was constructed from 1812 to 1813 by mason Amable Amiot dit Villeneuve and carpenter Antoine Bouteiller. The walls, which are made of ashlar along with the dormers on the roof, are considered to be examples of Quebec's urban architecture in the early Nineteenth century. The first owners of the house were Louis Parthenais and Augustin Perrault. The Maison Cartier was originally connected to the\",\n \"title\": \"Maison Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787472\",\n \"text\": \"name is derived from the Huron-Iroquois word \\\"kanata\\\", or village, which was incorrectly interpreted as the native term for the newly discovered land. Cartier used the name to describe Stadacona, the surrounding land and the river itself. And Cartier named \\\"\\\"Canadiens\\\"\\\" the inhabitants (Iroquoians) he had seen there. Thereafter the name Canada was used to designate the small French colony on these shores, and the French colonists were called \\\"Canadiens\\\", until the mid-nineteenth century, when the name started to be applied to the loyalist colonies on the Great Lakes and later to all of British North America. In this way\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13654383\",\n \"text\": \"Saint-Hyacinthe County. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1897 and also ran unsuccessfully for a federal seat in 1900 and 1908. Cartier died in Saint-Hyacinthe at the age of 85 and was buried in Sainte-Madeleine. George-Étienne Cartier was his great-uncle. A son, Jacques Narcisse Cartier, served as an airman in the first World War. Antoine-Paul Cartier Antoine-Paul Cartier (June 17, 1849 – July 9, 1934) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Saint-Hyacinthe in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1897 as a Conservative. He was born in Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, Canada East, the\",\n \"title\": \"Antoine-Paul Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16031912\",\n \"text\": \"Cartier (typeface) Cartier is a family of old style sans serif typeface designed by Carl Dair in 1967, who was commissioned by the Governor General of Canada-in-Council to create a new and distinctively Canadian typeface. The first proof of Cartier (in Roman and Italic faces) was published as \\\"the first Canadian type for text composition\\\" to mark the centenary of Canadian Confederation. It was named after a French explorer Jacques Cartier. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is expressed in this typeface. In 1977 a revival of Cartier was produced under the name \\\"Raleigh\\\" by Robert Norton. This typeface\",\n \"title\": \"Cartier (typeface)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787471\",\n \"text\": \"first voyage, he now opened up the greatest waterway for the European penetration of North America. He produced an intelligent estimate of the resources of Canada, both natural and human, albeit with a considerable exaggeration of its mineral wealth. While some of his actions toward the St. Lawrence Iroquoians were dishonourable, he did try at times to establish friendship with them and other native peoples living along the St. Lawrence River—an indispensable preliminary to French settlement in their lands. Cartier was the first to document the name Canada to designate the territory on the shores of the St-Lawrence River. The\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787753\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \\\"Change\\\". The song reached number 22 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16713171\",\n \"text\": \"Nelson Hotel. Though it is located next to Montreal's oldest public monument - Nelson's Column - it was apparently named the \\\"Jardin Nelson\\\" for Wolfred Nelson, a Patriote in the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837, and the ninth Mayor of Montreal. Today a restaurant operates in the building. Maison Cartier Maison Cartier is a historic house in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Place Jacques-Cartier in Old Montreal. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada on November 19, 1982. It was constructed from 1812 to 1813 by mason Amable Amiot dit Villeneuve and carpenter Antoine Bouteiller.\",\n \"title\": \"Maison Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2430270\",\n \"text\": \"but it was that he was embarrassed by the notion of being photographed for being famous. Cartier-Bresson believed that what went on beneath the surface was nobody's business but his own. He did recall that he once confided his innermost secrets to a Paris taxi driver, certain that he would never meet the man again. In 2003, he created the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation in Paris with his wife, the Belgian photographer Martine Franck and his daughter to preserve and share his legacy. In 2018, the foundation relocated from the Montparnasse district to Le Marais. Cartier-Bresson's photographs were also influential in\",\n \"title\": \"Henri Cartier-Bresson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10683736\",\n \"text\": \"south-west of Sept-Îles at the mouth of the Pentecôte River. This name is attributed to Jacques Cartier who arrived at the place on the day of Pentecost in 1535. In 1884, the \\\"Penticost River\\\" Post Office opened, frenchized to Rivière-Pentecôte in 1933. At the end of the 19th century, it was among the most important industrial centres along the North Shore. In 1972, the Municipality of Rivière-Pentecôte was formed out of unorganized territory. On February 19, 2003, the Municipality of Rivière-Pentecôte was amalgamated into the Town of Port-Cartier. Mother tongue: <br> <br> Port-Cartier Port-Cartier is a town in the Côte-Nord\",\n \"title\": \"Port-Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787470\",\n \"text\": \"weather and hostile natives drove the would-be settlers to despair. Cartier spent the rest of his life in Saint-Malo and his nearby estate, where he often was useful as an interpreter in Portuguese. He died at age 65 on September 1, 1557, during an epidemic, possibly of typhus, though many sources list his cause of death as unknown. Cartier is interred in St. Vincent's Cathedral. No permanent European settlements were made in Canada before 1605, when Samuel Champlain founded Port Royal in present-day Victoria Beach just outside Annapolis Royal. Having already located the entrance to the St. Lawrence on his\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2430245\",\n \"text\": \"Modernism. Cartier-Bresson also studied painting with society portraitist Jacques Émile Blanche. During this period, he read Dostoevsky, Schopenhauer, Rimbaud, Nietzsche, Mallarmé, Freud, Proust, Joyce, Hegel, Engels and Marx. Lhote took his pupils to the Louvre to study classical artists and to Paris galleries to study contemporary art. Cartier-Bresson's interest in modern art was combined with an admiration for the works of the Renaissance masters: Jan van Eyck, Paolo Uccello, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca. Cartier-Bresson regarded Lhote as his teacher of \\\"photography without a camera.\\\" Although Cartier-Bresson became frustrated with Lhote's \\\"rule-laden\\\" approach to art, the rigorous theoretical training later helped\",\n \"title\": \"Henri Cartier-Bresson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787754\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11592437\",\n \"text\": \"home to a variety of animals, including the map turtle. Environmental science activities are offered by the Groupe uni des éducateurs-naturalistes et professionnels en environnement (GUEPE). The park includes stands of silver birch and sugar maple, with a sugar shack where visitors can watch the production of maple syrup, in season. The park has of hiking trails and over of trails for cross country skiing. The name \\\"Cap St. Jacques\\\" was written on maps as . The land mass south of the (cape) of Cap St. Jacques is the Jacques Cartier electoral district. conjectures the name comes from Jacques Bizard,\",\n \"title\": \"Cap-Saint-Jacques Nature Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17247247\",\n \"text\": \"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15292797\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? is the debut studio album by English indie rock band The Vaccines. It was released on 11 March 2011 by Columbia Records, entering the UK Albums Chart at #4, going on to become the biggest-selling debut by a band in 2011. Two singles preceded the release of the album which attained generally positive reviews and gold status by May of the same year. The first single from the album, \\\"Wreckin' Bar (Ra Ra Ra)\\\" / \\\"Blow It Up\\\" was released in the United Kingdom on 22\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect from The Vaccines?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4986223\",\n \"text\": \"the banner of the Labor-Progressive Party, which was a front organization for the banned Communist Party of Canada during the 1940s and 1950s. Sam Jacobs was the riding's MP for many years and was in his final years also the president of the Canadian Jewish Congress. The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Laurier, Outremont and Saint-Jacques ridings. Every single MP to represent this riding was Jewish. Cartier (electoral district) Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. The riding\",\n \"title\": \"Cartier (electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15292800\",\n \"text\": \"cites \\\"I, Jonathan\\\" by Jonathan Richman, \\\"Milo Goes to College\\\" by Descendents and \\\"California Girls\\\" by The Beach Boys as his major inspirations during the writing of this album. All lyrics written by Justin Young; all music composed by The Vaccines. What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? What Did You Expect from The Vaccines? is the debut studio album by English indie rock band The Vaccines. It was released on 11 March 2011 by Columbia Records, entering the UK Albums Chart at #4, going on to become the biggest-selling debut by a band in 2011. Two singles preceded the\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect from The Vaccines?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11329783\",\n \"text\": \"Albert Cartier Albert Cartier, born 22 November 1960, is a former professional footballer and mostr ecently manager for Gazélec Ajaccio. Cartier was fired from FC Brussels on January 2008 for bad results and did not reach a new agreement with RAEC Mons. On 12 January 2010, the French coach left Panthrakikos. In September 2010, Cartier became the new coach of K.A.S. Eupen, a team from the Belgian league In June 2012, he signed a two-year contract with his former team FC Metz, which was relegated for the first time in its history to Championnat National, the third level of French\",\n \"title\": \"Albert Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787468\",\n \"text\": \"Returning to Charlesbourg-Royal, Cartier found the situation ominous. The Iroquoians no longer made friendly visits or peddled fish and game, but prowled about in a sinister manner. No records exist about the winter of 1541–1542 and the information must be gleaned from the few details provided by returning sailors. It seems the natives attacked and killed about 35 settlers before the Frenchmen could retreat behind their fortifications. Even though scurvy was cured through the native remedy (Thuja occidentalis infusion), the impression left is of a general misery, and of Cartier's growing conviction that he had insufficient manpower either to protect\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"787456\",\n \"text\": \"in 1524. Le Veneur cited voyages to Newfoundland and Brazil as proof of Cartier's ability to \\\"lead ships to the discovery of new lands in the New World\\\". On April 20, 1534, Cartier set sail under a commission from the king, hoping to discover a western passage to the wealthy markets of Asia. In the words of the commission, he was to \\\"discover certain islands and lands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found\\\". It took him twenty days to sail across the ocean. Starting on May 10 of\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6661255\",\n \"text\": \"successes, Louis and Pierre got married, while Jacques kept himself busy by fulfilling royal needs and desires and trips abroad in search of unique and exceptional beauty in gems. Jacques went to the Persian Gulf to find the perfect pearl. Jacques then proceeded to India, carrying magnificent jewellery of local maharajahs back to the London studio to redesign and modify for their own use. Together, Pierre and Jacques purchased a large number of pearls and precious stones from an Indian prince. The uniqueness of the pearls and stones created a sense of each piece of jewellery being special, which helped\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Cartier (jeweler)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4986222\",\n \"text\": \"Cartier (electoral district) Cartier was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. The riding covered much of Montreal's old Jewish district (from 1933 including parts of the Mile End neighbourhood). It was one of the smallest ridings in the country in area. It was created in 1924 from parts of George-Étienne Cartier riding. Cartier is the only riding in Canada to have elected a Communist to the House of Commons: Fred Rose, who was elected in a 1943 by-election, and re-elected in 1945. Rose ran under\",\n \"title\": \"Cartier (electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20558752\",\n \"text\": \"failed relationships and one-night stands and wonders to himself if he could have been the one to provide her the lasting relationship she had been longing for. The single peaked at No. 4 in February 1978 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart, and No. 2 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Singles chart about the same time. What Did I Promise Her Last Night \\\"What Did I Promise Her Last Night\\\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in November 1977 as the second and final single from the album \\\"Love's Troubled Waters\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Promise Her Last Night\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11167114\",\n \"text\": \"the ship carrying the three members foundered at sea. The Court of Directors did not send a replacement and recalled Cartier. Warren Hastings was selected as his replacement; he took office on 13 April 1772. Cartier became a High Sheriff of Kent in 1789. Unusually the previous incumbent, James Bond, continued from the year before and Cartier served only for the latter part of the year. Cartier died in Bedgbury, Kent on 25 January 1802 and was buried at Goudhurst, Kent. He was eulogized by Edmund Burke for his government of Bengal. His wife Stephana, the daughter of Stephen Law\",\n \"title\": \"John Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14863869\",\n \"text\": \"North quarter North-West from our settlement, is a place where Jacques Cartier wintered, since there are still , a leak of the river remains of what seems to have been a cheminey, the foundation of which has been found and indications of there having been ditches surrounding there dwelling which was small.\\\" It is also at the confluence of the Saint-Charles and Lairet rivers that a group of five Jesuit missionaries settle in 1625 with the objective of evangelizing the natives. This was the first settlement of the Society of Jesus in Quebec. The group was composed of fathers Jean\",\n \"title\": \"Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2430264\",\n \"text\": \"the significance of an event as well as of a precise organization of forms which give that event its proper expression.\\\"). Both titles came from Tériade, the Greek-born French publisher whom Cartier-Bresson admired. He gave the book its French title, \\\"Images à la Sauvette\\\", loosely translated as \\\"images on the run\\\" or \\\"stolen images.\\\" Dick Simon of Simon & Schuster came up with the English title \\\"The Decisive Moment\\\". Margot Shore, Magnum's Paris bureau chief, translated Cartier-Bresson's French preface into English. \\\"Photography is not like painting,\\\" Cartier-Bresson told the \\\"Washington Post\\\" in 1957. \\\"There is a creative fraction of a\",\n \"title\": \"Henri Cartier-Bresson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3536479\",\n \"text\": \"Survey of Mixed Movies\\\", critic John Howard Reid says of Cartier's 1958 film \\\"Passionate Summer\\\": \\\"It's hard to believe that... anyone could make such a dull movie. Yet this is precisely what director Rudolph Cartier has done. I've never heard of Mr Cartier before or since but presumably he made this brief foray into films from that synthetic world of ugly close-ups—TV.\\\" Speaking to \\\"The Times\\\" in 1958, Cartier explained that television was still developing as a medium, and that part of his work was to help create the next generation of those who would produce television drama. \\\"The BBC\",\n \"title\": \"Rudolph Cartier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19446423\",\n \"text\": \"part of the album's pre-release video series. The official music video was released on July 9, 2017. Also directed by Edwards, the video is composed of footage from Bentley's 2017 tour. What the Hell Did I Say \\\"What the Hell Did I Say\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in June 2017 as the fourth single from his 2016 album \\\"Black\\\". This is the second collaboration by Bentley, Kear and Tompkins, following the highly successful No. 1 single \\\"Drunk on a Plane\\\". However, unlike \\\"Drunk\\\", this song underperformed and became the\",\n \"title\": \"What the Hell Did I Say\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["france"],"string":"[\n \"france\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1183,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who did magellan sail for?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9329275","text":"the Circumnavigators Club, founded in 1902. The honor is named after the Portuguese born explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, who is widely known as the first captain to sail around the world—though he didn't complete the circumnavigation as he died during the voyage in the Philippines, that being the Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano, who took over command of the expedition after Magellan's death, and completed the trip. Order of Magellan The Order of Magellan is an honor bestowed on distinguished individuals who have circumnavigated the earth and who, to the course of their career, have contributed to the world of science","title":"Order of Magellan"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9329275\",\n \"text\": \"the Circumnavigators Club, founded in 1902. The honor is named after the Portuguese born explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, who is widely known as the first captain to sail around the world—though he didn't complete the circumnavigation as he died during the voyage in the Philippines, that being the Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano, who took over command of the expedition after Magellan's death, and completed the trip. Order of Magellan The Order of Magellan is an honor bestowed on distinguished individuals who have circumnavigated the earth and who, to the course of their career, have contributed to the world of science\",\n \"title\": \"Order of Magellan\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12617893","text":"Janeiro. Although in 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the eastern most shores of Brazil for Portugal, Portugal did not maintain a permanent settlement there to protect its brazilwood monopoly (the French were able to help themselves to the timber without interference.) Magellan's armada arrived without Portuguese notice. There the crew was resupplied, but bad conditions caused them to delay. Afterwards, they continued to sail south along South America's east coast, looking for the strait that Magellan believed would lead to the Spice Islands. The fleet reached Río de la Plata in early February, 1520. For overwintering, Magellan established a temporary","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"2036465","text":"captain general of the fleet and governor of all the lands discovered, and establishing the privileges of Magellan and his business associate Rui Faleiro. The fleet would become known as the \"Armada de las Molucas\" or \"Fleet of the Moluccas\". The expeditionary fleet of five ships set sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 20, 1519. The five ships included \"La Trinidad\" (110 tons, crew 55), under the command of Magellan; \"La San Antonio\" (120 tons, crew 60) under the command of Juan de Cartagena; \"La Concepción\" (90 tons, crew 45) under the command of Gaspar de Quezada (Juan Sebastián","title":"Strait of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"9282646","text":"products included the Magellan GPS 2000, GPS 315, Meridian, SporTrak, and Magellan RoadMate models. The MobileMapper CE and ProMark3 have been marketed to professionals like surveyors and GIS (geographic information systems) users. The consumer division of Magellan was purchased by Mio Technology subsidiary of MiTAC on December 15, 2008, who changed the name to \"MiTAC Digital Corporation\". Magellan develops and distributes vehicle navigation, crossover GPS, and outdoor handheld navigation products. The Company also produces customized mapping software for topographic, marine, and street navigation. Current GPS products as of 2016 include: Magellan GPS units include a variety of different viewing options,","title":"Magellan Navigation"},{"psg_id":"12617879","text":"to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the \"peaceful sea\" (the modern Pacific Ocean). Despite a series of storms and mutinies, the expedition reached the Spice Islands in 1521 and returned home via the Indian Ocean to complete the first circuit of the globe. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521. His gift, the Santo Niño de Cebú image, remains one of his legacies during his arrival. Magellan had already reached the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia on","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"12617885","text":"avoid the need to sail around the tip of Africa), he left for Spain. In Seville he befriended his countryman Diogo Barbosa and soon married the daughter of Diogo's second wife, María Caldera Beatriz Barbosa. They had two children: Rodrigo de Magalhães and Carlos de Magalhães, both of whom died at a young age. His wife died in Seville around 1521. Meanwhile, Magellan devoted himself to studying the most recent charts, investigating, in partnership with cosmographer Rui Faleiro, a gateway from the Atlantic to the South Pacific and the possibility of the Moluccas being Spanish according to the demarcation of","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"16866411","text":"leaves the Moluccas heading home sailing east. After five weeks, Espinosa decides to return to the Moluccas where he and his ship are captured by a Portuguese fleet under Antonio de Brito. However, the ship was wrecked during a storm. May 22: \"Victoria\" passes the Cape of Good Hope and enters the Atlantic Ocean. July 9: \"Victoria\" reaches Santiago, Cape Verde. September 6: \"Victoria\" returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda under the command of Elcano, two weeks shy of three years after setting sail. September 8: \"Victoria\" arrives at Seville, technically completing the circumnavigation. Timeline of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation The Magellan–Elcano","title":"Timeline of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation"},{"psg_id":"7785767","text":"Mayflower Aerospace in England, becoming Magellan Aerospace UK in 2003. The Fleet Aerospace division was closed in 2003, was sold, and later re-opened as Fleet Canada Inc. Magellan Aerospace is now an integrated, international company and all of its subsidiaries are wholly owned, operating under the Magellan name. Magellan Aerospace also manufactures structures and assemblies for commercial and defence aircraft manufacturers: Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the","title":"Magellan Aerospace"},{"psg_id":"12617899","text":"Magellan reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines, with 150 crew left. Members of his expedition became the first Europeans to reach the Philippine archipelago. Magellan relied on Enrique, his Malay servant and interpreter, to communicate with the native tribes. He had been indentured by Magellan in 1511 after the colonization of Malacca, and had accompanied him through later adventures. They traded gifts with Rajah Siaiu of Mazaua who guided them to Cebu on 7 April. Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly towards Magellan and the Spaniards; both he and his queen Hara Amihan were baptized as Christians and","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"7785765","text":"Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the product areas of aeroengines, aerostructures, rockets and space, and specialty products. Its corporate offices in Mississauga, Ontario, Magellan operates in facilities throughout Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Magellan is a component supplier for the Airbus A380, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, and Bombardier's complete line of business and commuter aircraft. Magellan also supplies gas","title":"Magellan Aerospace"},{"psg_id":"12617914","text":"although they had faithfully maintained the ship's log. They lost one day because they traveled west during their circumnavigation of the globe, opposite to Earth's daily rotation. This caused great excitement at the time, and a special delegation was sent to the Pope to explain the oddity to him. The Order of Magellan was established in 1902 to honour those who complete a circumnavigation and make other contributions to humanity. Two of the closest galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds in the southern celestial hemisphere, were named for Magellan sometime after 1800. The Magellan probe, which mapped the planet Venus from 1990","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"9282645","text":"an independent company. It was once owned by Orbital Sciences Corporation, which purchased it in 1994. In 2001, Thales Group purchased the Magellan division of Orbital Sciences for about $70 million and the Company became known as Thales Navigation. Five years later, private equity firm Shah Capital Partners and other investors purchased Thales Navigation for $170 million and the company was officially renamed Magellan Navigation. Magellan was the creator of the Magellan NAV 1000—the world’s first commercial handheld GPS receiver, which debuted in 1989. In 1997, Magellan also introduced the first handheld global satellite communicator—the GSC 100. Later consumer handheld","title":"Magellan Navigation"},{"psg_id":"18801896","text":"new holding company, changing its name to Magellan Health Services. In 1999 the company moved to Green Spring's old headquarters in Columbia, Maryland. In 2004, the company headquarters moved to Connecticut. In 2014, the company moved its headquarters from Connecticut to Scottsdale, Arizona. In 1997 Magellan acquired Merit Behavioral Care Corporation, a company which provided mental health and substance abuse services, for $460 million in cash. Magellan Health Magellan Health Inc. (formerly Magellan Health Services Inc.), is an American for-profit managed health care company, focused on behavioral healthcare. It ranked 475 on the Fortune 500 in 2018. The company began","title":"Magellan Health"},{"psg_id":"1882111","text":"to place it into orbit around Venus. Prior to \"Magellan\", all spacecraft SRM firings had involved spinning spacecraft, which made control of the SRM a much easier task. In a typical spin mode, any unwanted forces related to SRM or nozzle mis-alignments are cancelled out. In the case of \"Magellan\", the spacecraft design did not lend itself to spinning, so the resulting propulsion system design had to accommodate the challenging control issues with the large Star 48B SRM. The Star 48B, containing 2,014 kg of solid propellant, developed a thrust of ~89,000 Newton (20,000 lbf) shortly after firing; therefore, even","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"5855605","text":"and market share, failed to keep the company from becoming another brilliant also-ran. Lotus was acquired by IBM in 1995. The old MS-DOS Lotus software Magellan, Lotus Agenda, HAL, and Lotus Manuscript have since been released as freeware. Lotus Magellan Lotus Magellan is an MS-DOS desktop search package, conceived and developed by Bill Gross and released in 1989 by Lotus Development Corporation, most famous for Lotus 1-2-3. Lotus sold 500,000 copies of Magellan. Running under MS-DOS, Magellan would scan the directories and files on a drive or floppy diskettes and create a master index. It was aware of all the","title":"Lotus Magellan"},{"psg_id":"9329274","text":"Order of Magellan The Order of Magellan is an honor bestowed on distinguished individuals who have circumnavigated the earth and who, to the course of their career, have contributed to the world of science or the environment or future progress through peace and understanding. Among the pantheon of winners of this award are Douglas MacArthur, philanthropist and mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary, ethnographer and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl, Dr. William Walsh, who started Project Hope, oceanographer and underwater archaeologist Dr. Robert Ballard, oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, and astronaut and United States Senator John Glenn. The Magellan Award is the highest award bestowed by","title":"Order of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"8124769","text":"Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe were only for use and study by a team of principal investigators from a variety of universities and institutions, and by the Magellan Project Science Team. These scientists were responsible for validating the data, contributing input for spacecraft acquisition of data, and interpreting the data results for their release to the public. Data were shared with three visiting Soviet scientists (Alexander Basilevsky, Effaim Akim and Alexander Zacharov), a first, and sensitive issue, for NASA at the time considering the Cold War","title":"Magellan scientists"},{"psg_id":"5429710","text":"Cebu with a show of heavy arms, he refused to pay any fee for entering the port. He even threatened Raja Humabon, the local ruler, and boasted about his victories in Malaca and Calicut. He then offered them gifts and befriended them. The Rajah, who welcomed Magellan to the island, wanted to hold a \"casi casi\", a blood-brother ceremony. Magellan then started converting the native people to Christianity. He converted 800 people of the \"barangay\" (villages). Before conversion, the natives worshipped their own main god whom they addressed as \"Bathala,\" along with other subordinate gods. The natives who lived in","title":"Magellan Shrine"},{"psg_id":"12617889","text":"Diogo Ribeiro, a Portuguese who had started working for Charles V in 1518 as a cartographer at the \"Casa de Contratación\", took part in the development of the maps to be used in the travel. Several problems arose during the preparation of the trip, including lack of money, the king of Portugal trying to stop them, Magellan and other Portuguese incurring suspicion from the Spanish, and the difficult nature of Faleiro. Finally, thanks to the tenacity of Magellan, the expedition was ready. Through the bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca they obtained the participation of merchant Christopher de Haro, who provided","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"8124770","text":"was just coming to a close. The Magellan Project Science room became notorious for its hanging of long thermal print strips of image data (FBIDRs) along the walls of a spacious room. This was the first form in which the imagery of the surface of Venus was seen due to the long, narrow swathes acquired by the spacecraft. Significant guests during the mission's operation included Margaret Thatcher. After the initial investigation stage Magellan's full data set was released for public consumption. Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe","title":"Magellan scientists"},{"psg_id":"1882107","text":"Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \"Magellan\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. \"Magellan\" was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"6345290","text":"25 per cent of Magellan is invested in companies based outside the US. In May 2006, Magellan made a capital gains distribution to shareholders of $22.11 representing roughly 18% of assets. As of 12/31/08 the total AUM for the Magellan Fund stands at $19 billion. Lange has said that he believes Magellan can handle more assets. After being closed for over a decade, on January 14, 2008, Fidelity announced that the fund would be re-opened to new investors. On September 13, 2011, Fidelity named Jeffrey S. Feingold, manager of Fidelity Trend Fund, as the next manager of Fidelity Magellan Fund.","title":"Fidelity Magellan Fund"},{"psg_id":"5855603","text":"Lotus Magellan Lotus Magellan is an MS-DOS desktop search package, conceived and developed by Bill Gross and released in 1989 by Lotus Development Corporation, most famous for Lotus 1-2-3. Lotus sold 500,000 copies of Magellan. Running under MS-DOS, Magellan would scan the directories and files on a drive or floppy diskettes and create a master index. It was aware of all the various current formats and provided the ability to view files without launching the original applications that created them. Its most powerful feature was fuzzy searching, that connected files by relative frequency of keywords, allowing the user to organize","title":"Lotus Magellan"},{"psg_id":"3373780","text":"use on Magellan II. As built for the LBT, the original MagAO mirror had an diameter of . However, the edge of the mirror was broken. Technicians at Steward Observatory were able to cut the mirror to in diameter, thereby removing the broken edge. Magellan Telescopes The Magellan Telescopes are a pair of optical telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. The two telescopes are named after the astronomer Walter Baade and the philanthropist Landon T. Clay. First light for the telescopes was on September 15, 2000 for the Baade, and September 7, 2002 for the Clay. A consortium","title":"Magellan Telescopes"},{"psg_id":"12667624","text":"Magellan Development Group Magellan Development Group, LLC is an American real estate and property development company that was formed in 1996 as a result of a long term corporate partnership between Magellan Development Group and NNP Residential Development. The company's co-chief executive officers are Joel Carlins and James Loewenberg; the company's president is David Carlins while Robin Loewenberg Tebbe is the Chief Marketing Officer. The affiliates of bKL Architects, Joel M. Carlins & Associates, Magellan Marketing Group, Magellan Property Management, and Magellan Realty operate autonomously within the group structure. The major accomplishment of their collaboration is the $4 billion, mixed-use","title":"Magellan Development Group"},{"psg_id":"2036461","text":"two oceans until the construction of the Panama Canal. The Strait of Magellan has been inhabited by indigenous Americans for thousands of years. On the western part of its northern coast lived the Alacalufe, also known as the Kawésqar. To the east of the Kawésqar lived the Tehuelche, whose territory extended to the north in Patagonia. South of the Tehuelche, across the Strait of Magellan, lived the Selk'nam, who inhabited the majority of the eastern portion of Tierra del Fuego. To the west of the Selk'nam were the Yaghan, who inhabited the southernmost part of Tierra del Fuego. All tribes","title":"Strait of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"6345289","text":"fund was beginning to make it difficult to beat the market. By the end of the century the Fidelity Magellan Fund had well over $100 billion in assets under management. For quite some time it was the single largest mutual fund in the world. In April 2000, Vanguard’s S&P 500 index fund displaced Magellan as the largest mutual fund in the world. By the time Stansky retired in 2005, the assets under management for Magellan were back down to $52.5 billion. Harry Lange took over Magellan and promptly changed the portfolio to reflect his view on the market. Today about","title":"Fidelity Magellan Fund"},{"psg_id":"12667628","text":"in 2007 in addition to naming Magellan as number 113 in the list of \"Chicago’s Largest Privately Held Companies\". The company has been responsible for the creation of over 12,000 residential units in Chicago and is known for its philanthropic endeavors and unique Rewards program as well as its luxury properties. Magellan Development Group Magellan Development Group, LLC is an American real estate and property development company that was formed in 1996 as a result of a long term corporate partnership between Magellan Development Group and NNP Residential Development. The company's co-chief executive officers are Joel Carlins and James Loewenberg;","title":"Magellan Development Group"},{"psg_id":"5855604","text":"related data no matter where or in what format it existed on the user's computer. Given this \"semantic view\" of the user's file system, Magellan not only exposed \"hidden meaning\" from disparate data, but also facilitated the actual movement of files and directories into a better physical organization. Advertisements that ran for Magellan at the time promised to \"Get all your ducks in a row\" and showed a picture of a line of obedient rubber ducks. Magellan was one of several significant developments from Lotus Software (i.e. \"1-2-3\", \"Notes\" and office software for the Apple Macintosh) that, despite significant usefulness","title":"Lotus Magellan"},{"psg_id":"1882136","text":"should land on Venus by 1:00 PM PDT Thursday, October 13, 1994. Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \"Magellan\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit.","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"18801895","text":"Magellan Health Magellan Health Inc. (formerly Magellan Health Services Inc.), is an American for-profit managed health care company, focused on behavioral healthcare. It ranked 475 on the Fortune 500 in 2018. The company began as the psychiatric hospital chain Charter Medical, headquartered in Macon, Georgia. In 1992, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, stemming from debt incurred as a result of 1988 management-led takeover. After recovering from bankruptcy, it moved its headquarters to Atlanta in 1994. Acquiring a major stake in Green Spring Health Services Inc., a managed care company based in Columbia, Maryland, the company re-structured into a","title":"Magellan Health"},{"psg_id":"12617897","text":"Magellan called the \"Estrecho (Canal) de Todos los Santos\", (\"All Saints' Channel\"), because the fleet travelled through it on 1 November or All Saints' Day. The strait is now named the Strait of Magellan. He first assigned \"Concepcion\" and \"San Antonio\" to explore the strait, but the latter, commanded by Gómez, deserted and headed back to Spain on 20 November. On 28 November, the three remaining ships entered the South Pacific. Magellan named the waters the \"Mar Pacifico\" (Pacific Ocean) because of its apparent stillness. Magellan and his crew were the first Europeans to reach Tierra del Fuego just east","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"12617900","text":"were given the image of the Holy Child (later known as Santo Niño de Cebu) which along with a cross (Magellan's Cross) symbolizes the Christianization of the Philippines. Afterward, Rajah Humabon and his ally Datu Zula convinced Magellan to kill their enemy, Datu Lapu-Lapu, on Mactan. Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, as he had Humabon, but Lapu-Lapu rejected that. On the morning of 27 April 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan with a small force. During the resulting battle against Lapu-Lapu's troops, Magellan was struck by a bamboo spear, and later surrounded and finished off with other weapons. Pigafetta","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"12617915","text":"to 1994, was named after Magellan. The Ferdinand Magellan train rail car (also known as U.S. Car. No. 1) is a former Pullman Company observation car that was re-built by the U.S. Government for presidential use from 1943 until 1958. A replica of the \"Victoria\", the only ship of Magellan's to survive the entire voyage, can be visited in Puerto San Julian. Three craters, two located on the Moon and one on Mars, have been named after Magellan using the spelling \"Magelhaens\". The names were adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1935 (Magelhaens on the Moon), 1976 (Magelhaens on","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"1882119","text":"its attached Inertial Upper Stage booster were deployed from \"Atlantis\" and launched on May 5, 1989 01:06:00 UTC, sending the spacecraft into a Type IV heliocentric orbit where it would circle the Sun 1.5 times, before reaching Venus 15 months later on August 10, 1990. Originally, the \"Magellan\" had been scheduled for launch in 1988 with a trajectory lasting six months. However, due to the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\" disaster in 1986, several missions, including \"Galileo\" and \"Magellan\", were deferred until shuttle flights resumed in September 1988. \"Magellan\" was planned to be launched with a liquid-fueled, Centaur-G upper-stage booster, carried in","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"5429713","text":"Magellan's body was demanded by the Spaniards, but Lapu-Lapu refused them this favour. A stone platform here has a plaque with the date 27 April 1521, the date Magellan was killed in the battle. Adjoining the shrine is a statue of Lapu-Lapu, who is hailed as first Filipino hero. A festival called the \"Kadaugan sa Mactan\" (Victory at Mactan), commemorating the triumph of the heroic native chieftain Lapu-Lapu over Magellan, is held on 27 April every year. On this occasion, colorful events include a ceremonial procession of \"decorated bancas\" (canoes) representing Magellan's three boats on the sea coast of the","title":"Magellan Shrine"},{"psg_id":"6345293","text":"cumulative S&P500 return by 5.91%. Vinik is most often remembered as the manager who moved a high percentage of the portfolio out of technology stocks and into bonds at the wrong time, causing Magellan to underperform its peers for the first time in the fund’s history. However, others argue that Vinik merely moved into bonds early. Vinik moved Magellan into bonds in the fall of 1995. In the seven years ending in March 2003, on a total return basis, 10-year Treasuries returned 78 percent, AAA corporate bonds returned 46 percent, and, with dividends reinvested, the S&P 500 returned 31 percent.","title":"Fidelity Magellan Fund"},{"psg_id":"16458160","text":"around 40 demos. The album was not recorded with Angel Deradoorian, who left the band. Longstreth wanted \"Swing Lo Magellan\" to be a collection of individual songs instead of an album united by a single theme, unlike with previous albums. In addition, Longstreth sought to write more personal songs. \"Swing Lo Magellan\" has been described as more \"beats-driven\" and more accessible than previous Dirty Projectors albums. For specific influences, critics and Longstreth himself have cited a variety of influences, ranging from popular music acts such as Nirvana, Lil Wayne, Michael Jackson, Neil Young, En Vogue and Blind Willie Johnson to","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"psg_id":"14229912","text":"Magellan Planet Search Program The Magellan Planet Search Program is a ground-based search for extrasolar planets that makes use of the radial velocity method. It began gathering data in December 2002 using the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 6.5m Magellan II \"Clay\" telescope located within the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. In 2010, the program began using the newly commissioned Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), an instrument purpose-built for precise radial velocity measurement. The Magellan Planet Search uses a molecular Iodine absorption cell to imprint a set of extremely well known absorption lines onto each stellar spectrum that act as","title":"Magellan Planet Search Program"},{"psg_id":"16086144","text":"state was unassailable. His aides, who had considered the state a political firewall, were suddenly spooked, said two people who have advised the campaign. The campaign dug into the numbers, and found what they considered flaws, but also unmistakable evidence of an ascent by Mr. Gingrich. A person who has advised Mr. Romney in the past said, \"That rattled them\". The Political editor of the Denver Post acknowledges Magellan Strategies for correctly predicting the outcome of the special election in New York's 9th Congressional District to replace Anthony Weiner. Magellan was criticized for making an inaccurate prediction that Tom Tancredo","title":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies"},{"psg_id":"6345292","text":"thirteen years. Between 1977 and 1990 the fund averaged over a 29% annual return, making Magellan the best performing mutual fund in the world. Lynch created the investment process commonly referred to as “Buy What You Know”. Morris Smith replaced Lynch as the manager of Magellan. During the two years he was there he managed to beat the S&P 500 by 7%. He decided to leave investing entirely after his experience at Magellan and has spent time pursuing religious activities. Jeffrey Vinik spent four years managing Magellan and during that time he produced an 83.70% cumulative return and outperformed the","title":"Fidelity Magellan Fund"},{"psg_id":"2036481","text":"Strait of Magellan, and in a diplomatic letter to major shipping nations in 1873 Chile promised freedom of navigation through and neutrality within the strait. Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan (), also called the \"Straits of Magellan\", is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south. The strait is the most important natural passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is considered a difficult route to navigate due to the narrowness of the passage and unpredictable winds and currents, but is shorter and more","title":"Strait of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"16458168","text":"catalog number is DNO1012. Music: Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \"Swing Lo Magellan\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \"Swing Lo Magellan\" recording sessions spanned","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"psg_id":"16458159","text":"Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \"Swing Lo Magellan\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \"Swing Lo Magellan\" recording sessions spanned a year and resulted in","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"psg_id":"5429712","text":"islands. Magellan launched a naval war against Lapu-Lapu with an armada of three boats carrying Spanish soldiers and 20 boats carrying Cebuanos. In this battle, which took place on 27 April 1521, Lapu-Lapu fought valiantly with his men, armed with wooden shields, bows and arrows, and lances. Magellan and his army of Spanish soldiers and Cebuanos could not withstand the attack and were forced to retreat to their boats. Magellan was fatally wounded in the battle. He was hit on the leg by a poisoned arrow and also attacked with spears and other weapons. A spear had struck his head.","title":"Magellan Shrine"},{"psg_id":"5429711","text":"small barangays were controlled by local chieftains called Rajas. During the baptisms, Magellan planted a cross at the site. The natives accepted the Catholic belief that \"there is only one God\". Magellan was able to convert most of the powerful leaders of the islands, except one leader called Lapu-Lapu. During his stay in Cebu, Magellan found out that some of the local inhabitants had refused to acknowledge the suzerainty of the King of Spain, and as a warning to the villagers, he burnt a few villages. However, in spite of this warning, Lapu-Lapu opposed the control of Spain over the","title":"Magellan Shrine"},{"psg_id":"1882118","text":"Earth, Doppler modeling was used to take the overlapping \"looks\" and combine them into a continuous, high resolution image of the surface. In addition to the radar data, Magellan collected several other types of scientific measurements. These included detailed measurements of the Venus gravitational field, measurements of the atmospheric density, and radio occultation data on the atmospheric profile. \"Magellan\" was launched on May 4, 1989, at 18:46:59 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from KSC Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, aboard Space Shuttle \"Atlantis\" during mission STS-30. Once in orbit, the \"Magellan\" and","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"12617883","text":"1511, under the new governor Afonso de Albuquerque, Magellan and Serrão participated in the conquest of Malacca. After the conquest their ways parted: Magellan was promoted, with a rich plunder and, in the company of a Malay he had indentured and baptized, Enrique of Malacca, he returned to Portugal in 1512. Serrão departed in the first expedition sent to find the \"Spice Islands\" in the Moluccas, where he remained. He married a woman from Amboina and became a military advisor to the Sultan of Ternate, Bayan Sirrullah. His letters to Magellan would prove decisive, giving information about the spice-producing territories.","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"6725280","text":"to christen the first nuclear powered submarine \"Nautilus\". The railcar was declared surplus and offered to the Smithsonian Institution in 1958, but the Smithsonian did not act on the offer, and the Gold Coast Railroad Museum was able to acquire it. In 1984 the \"Ferdinand Magellan\" came back to life, when it was briefly loaned to the presidential re-election campaign of President Ronald Reagan, who gave a series of \"whistlestop\" speeches from the rear platform during a one-day trip in Ohio, on October 12, 1984. President Reagan's five-stop train journey, had involved transporting the train from Florida to Ohio, re-assembling","title":"Ferdinand Magellan (railcar)"},{"psg_id":"6345294","text":"In addition, Vinik's strategy would have avoided the dot-com bust. Robert ‘Bob’ Stansky is a direct disciple of Peter Lynch’s having worked as his research assistant from 1984 to 1987. During his time at Magellan Stansky managed to return 238% for the fund. However, the S&P 500 index returned 274% during the same period. This marked the only regime where Magellan underperformed the market. Magellan’s portfolio closely resembled the S&P 500 during Stansky’s tenure—so much so that Stansky himself helped coin the phrase ‘closet indexer’. Harry W. Lange represented a change for the Magellan fund. His approach was known as","title":"Fidelity Magellan Fund"},{"psg_id":"1882130","text":"however, finally allowed detailed imaging and analysis of craters, hills, ridges, and other geologic formations, to a degree comparable to the visible-light photographic mapping of other planets. \"Magellan\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s global radar map currently remains as the most detailed Venus map in existence, although the planned Russian Venera-D may carry a radar that can achieve the same, if not better resolution as the radar used by \"Magellan\". On September 9, 1994, a press release outlined the termination of the \"Magellan\" mission. Due to the degradation of the power output from the solar arrays and onboard components, and having completed all objectives successfully,","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"20639852","text":"-. It apparently developed first on the Phoenix Plate before being transferred onto the Pacific Plate 125 million years ago. The Magellan Rise never rose to shallow depths at least since the Cretaceous, and the Rise is covered by sediments of Tithonian/Berriasian to Quaternary age. Magellan Rise (ocean plateau) Magellan Rise is an oceanic plateau in the Pacific Ocean, which covers a surface area of . There is another \"Magellan Rise\" west from the Marshall Islands as well. The Magellan Rise has been called a large igneous province by Coffin and Endholm 2001 and was emplaced 145 million or 135-128","title":"Magellan Rise (ocean plateau)"},{"psg_id":"20639851","text":"Magellan Rise (ocean plateau) Magellan Rise is an oceanic plateau in the Pacific Ocean, which covers a surface area of . There is another \"Magellan Rise\" west from the Marshall Islands as well. The Magellan Rise has been called a large igneous province by Coffin and Endholm 2001 and was emplaced 145 million or 135-128 million years ago, possibly as a consequence of intense volcanism at a former triple junction. Alternatively, the Rise was formed by a mantle plume. Candidate mantle plumes are the Easter hotspot and the Foundation hotspot. The volume of rocks in the Magellan Rise is about","title":"Magellan Rise (ocean plateau)"},{"psg_id":"6345287","text":"Fidelity Magellan Fund The Fidelity Magellan Fund () is a US-domiciled mutual fund from the Fidelity family of funds. It is perhaps the world’s best known actively managed mutual fund. On January 14, 2008, Fidelity announced that the fund would open to new investors for the first time in over a decade. Fidelity earns its income, like most mutual funds, from fees charged on its assets under management. From the fund’s inception in 1963 through 1977 Magellan grew to $20 million in AUM. The $20 million fund Peter Lynch inherited grew to $14 billion in AUM during his tenure. During","title":"Fidelity Magellan Fund"},{"psg_id":"7785766","text":"turbine components for airplanes, helicopters, and military vehicles such as the M-1 Abrams tank. Magellan was formed in 1996 from the remains of Fleet Industries, a subsidiary of the US-based Fleet Aerospace located in Fort Erie, Ontario. They produced products and services for the Canadian military, as well as subassemblies for aviation companies. Through the 1990s Magellan expanded, buying a number of Canadian aviation companies. These included: Several US companies were also added, including Aeronca (formerly part of the US-based portions of Fleet), AMBEL Precision Manufacturing, Ellanef Manufacturing, Middleton Aerospace and Presto Casting Company. They also purchased the assets of","title":"Magellan Aerospace"},{"psg_id":"7455879","text":"MS Magellan MS \"Magellan\" is a \"Holiday\"-class cruise ship, which was formerly owned by Carnival Cruise Line as \"Holiday\" and Ibero Cruises as the \"Grand Holiday\". She has sailed for Cruise & Maritime Voyages since Spring 2015. <br> MS \"Holiday\" was built by Aalborg Værft in Aalborg, Denmark and entered service for Carnival Cruise Lines on 13 July 1985. The ship's condition had been in decline, until 2003 when she was sent into dry dock and renovated. In 2005, during Hurricane Katrina, she was taken out of service to be used as temporary housing for the victims of the storm.","title":"MS Magellan"},{"psg_id":"7455876","text":"MS Magellan MS \"Magellan\" is a \"Holiday\"-class cruise ship, which was formerly owned by Carnival Cruise Line as \"Holiday\" and Ibero Cruises as the \"Grand Holiday\". She has sailed for Cruise & Maritime Voyages since Spring 2015. <br> MS \"Holiday\" was built by Aalborg Værft in Aalborg, Denmark and entered service for Carnival Cruise Lines on 13 July 1985. The ship's condition had been in decline, until 2003 when she was sent into dry dock and renovated. In 2005, during Hurricane Katrina, she was taken out of service to be used as temporary housing for the victims of the storm.","title":"MS Magellan"},{"psg_id":"3373779","text":"a survey of start searching for planets using the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 6.5 m Magellan II (Clay) telescope. In 2013, Clay (Magellan II) was equipped with an adaptive secondary mirror called MagAO which allowed it to take the sharpest visible-light images to date, capable of resolving objects 0.02 arcseconds across—equivalent to a dime (1.8 cm) seen from away. MagAO was originally intended for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), but the secondary mirror was damaged before it could be installed. The project leader Laird Close and his team were able to repair and repurpose the broken mirror for","title":"Magellan Telescopes"},{"psg_id":"1882120","text":"the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle. However, the entire Centaur-G program was canceled after the \"Challenger\" disaster, and the \"Magellan\" probe had to be modified to be attached to the less-powerful Inertial Upper Stage. The next best opportunity for launching occurred in October 1989. Further complicating the launch however, was the launching of the \"Galileo\" mission to Jupiter, one that included a fly-by of Venus. Intended for launch in 1986, the pressures to ensure a launch for \"Galileo\" in 1989, mixed with a short launch-window necessitating a mid-October launch, resulted in replanning the \"Magellan\" mission. Weary of rapid shuttle","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"16086145","text":"would win the 2010 Colorado Governors Election. 2010 gubernatorial election in Colorado. Tom Tancredo lost to Democrat John Hickenlooper on election day, November 2. Hickenlooper resoundingly beat Tancredo by a margin of 51% to 36%. Editorial page editor Curtis Hubbard of the \"Denver Post\" gave Magellan his \"Agony of Defeat\" award for the worst poll in the gubernatorial race. References Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations,","title":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies"},{"psg_id":"16086142","text":"database with solid vote history. Magellan Strategies staff testifies in front of Colorado Senate Transportation Committee regarding Colorado voter opinion of a proposed 3.5 billion dollar bond measure to fund transportation need in the state. In mid-November 2011, a Magellan poll conducted for the \"New Hampshire Journal\" surprisingly reported that Newt Gingrich had surged in New Hampshire, which hosts the first Presidential nominating primary. Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney had long led polls in New Hampshire, yet the Magellan Poll seemingly revealed he had lost a quarter of his support. The Magellan Poll reported that Romney had 29% of the","title":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies"},{"psg_id":"1882129","text":"broadly, perpendicular to the orbital path, where they could act as paddles as they impacted molecules of the upper-Venusian atmosphere. Countering this force, the thrusters fired to keep the spacecraft from spinning. This provided data on the basic oxygen gas-surface interaction. This was useful for understanding the impact of upper-atmospheric forces which aided in designing future Earth-orbiting satellites, and methods for aerobraking during future planetary spacecraft missions. \"Magellan\" created the first (and currently the best) near-photographic quality, high resolution radar mapping of the planet's surface features. Prior Venus missions had created low resolution radar globes of general, continent-sized formations. \"Magellan\",","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"12617909","text":"de Judicibus. Martino de Judicibus () was a Genoese or Savonese Chief Steward. His history is preserved in the nominative registers at the \"Archivo General de Indias\" in Seville, Spain. The family name is referred to with the exact Latin patronymic, \"de Judicibus\". Martino de Judicibus, initially assigned to the caravel \"Concepción\", one of five ships of the Spanish fleet of Magellan, had embarked on the expedition with the rank of captain. Antonio Pigafetta's journal is the main source for much of what is known about Magellan and Elcano's voyage. The other direct report of the voyage was that of","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"12617896","text":"on a scouting expedition and was wrecked in a sudden storm. All of its crew survived and made it safely to shore. Two of them returned overland to inform Magellan of what had happened, and to bring rescue to their comrades. After this experience, Magellan decided to wait for a few weeks more before resuming the voyage with the four remaining ships. At 52°S latitude on 21 October 1520, the fleet reached Cape Virgenes and concluded they had found the passage, because the waters were brine and deep inland. Four ships began an arduous trip through the long passage that","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"12617880","text":"previous voyages traveling east (from 1505 to 1511–1512). By visiting this area again but now travelling west, Magellan achieved a nearly complete personal circumnavigation of the globe for the first time in history. The Magellanic penguin is named after him, as he was the first European to note it. Magellan's navigational skills have also been acknowledged in the naming of objects associated with the stars, including the Magellanic Clouds, now known to be two nearby dwarf galaxies; the twin lunar craters of Magelhaens and Magelhaens A; and the Martian crater of Magelhaens. Magellan was born in northern Portugal in around","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"psg_id":"16705739","text":"long way toward making these tiny shards of sound go down easily for the musically open-minded.\" God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail With It God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail with It is the second album by the American experimental rock band Red Krayola. It was released in May 1968 by the International Artists record label. Mark Deming of \"AllMusic\" wrote, \"\"God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail with It\" bears precious little resemblance to anything else that appeared at the time; it would take a few decades of post-punk experimentalism before","title":"God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail With It"},{"psg_id":"2036477","text":"the Spanish language phonology and spelling like \"Timaukel\" (hamlet at the east side of Tierra del Fuego), \"Carukinka\" (the end of the Almirantazgo Fjord), \"Anika\" (a channel located at 54° 7’ S and 70° 30’ W) and \"Arska\" (the north side of the Dawson Island). Magellan named initially the strait \"Todos los Santos\" as he began the voyage through the west on 1 November 1520. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor renamed it as \"Estrecho de Magallanes\". Magellan named the island on the south side as \"Tierra del Fuego\", which the Yaghan people called \"Onaisín\" in the Yaghan language. Magellan also","title":"Strait of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"2036460","text":"Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan (), also called the \"Straits of Magellan\", is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south. The strait is the most important natural passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is considered a difficult route to navigate due to the narrowness of the passage and unpredictable winds and currents, but is shorter and more sheltered than the often stormy Drake Passage. Along with the narrow and sometimes treacherous Beagle Channel, these were the only three sea routes between these","title":"Strait of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"16458165","text":"of musicOMH also praised the album, writing \"\"Swing Lo Magellan\" affords generous breathing space to Dirty Projectors' music: a context in which new levels of unpretentious eloquence positively flourish.\" Not all critics were entirely positive towards the album. \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s Darren Franich wrote \"It [\"Swing Lo Magellan\"] should be thrillingly anarchic; instead, it just meanders.\" Aneet Nijjar of AllMusic acknowledged that some listeners might find the band's \"rather knowing idiosyncrasy\" to be \"off-putting and smug.\" Blurt wrote that while \"Swing Lo Magellan\" was \"instantly likeable,\" the album \"unravels into nonsense and complexity on second glance.\" Alex Wilson of Tiny Mix","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"psg_id":"16458166","text":"Tapes did not find the album engaging and criticized the music's inability to match the ideas behind the album. Wilson concluded: \"Simply put, the music on \"Swing Lo\" can’t support its great ideas. [..] Maybe time will prove me completely and utterly wrong, but as far as I can tell, nothing on \"Swing Lo\" walks by itself.\" On 5 December 2012, \"Swing Lo Magellan\" was nominated for Best Recording Package at the 55th Grammy Awards. On December 20, 2012, Pitchfork Media ranked the album #15 on its list of the top 50 albums of 2012, writing: \"For some bands, maturity","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"psg_id":"17933225","text":"his death, and letters of Magellan to Benyowsky were published in Mór Jókai's edition of the count's memoirs. The Magellanic Premium, a prize given for advances in navigation, was established in 1786 by a grant given by him. Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan () (1723–1790) was a Portuguese natural philosopher. He was born in Aveiro, Portugal. He seems to have been brought up at Lisbon, where he became a monk of the order of St. Augustine, and was pursuing his studies in the Portuguese capital when the city was destroyed by the earthquake of 1755. At age","title":"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan"},{"psg_id":"17933221","text":"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan () (1723–1790) was a Portuguese natural philosopher. He was born in Aveiro, Portugal. He seems to have been brought up at Lisbon, where he became a monk of the order of St. Augustine, and was pursuing his studies in the Portuguese capital when the city was destroyed by the earthquake of 1755. At age 40 Magellan abandoned the monastic life. About 1764 he appears to have reached England and was in communication with Da Costa of the Royal Society in 1766. For some time he acted as tutor on continental tours, and","title":"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan"},{"psg_id":"1882135","text":"This was also a preplanned experiment option. At this point, the spacecraft was expected to survive only two orbits. \"Magellan\" continued to maintain communication for three more orbits, even though the power continued to drop below 23 volts and eventually reached 20.4 volts. At this time, one battery went off-line, and the spacecraft was defined as power starved. Communication was lost at 3:02 AM PDT just as \"Magellan\" was about to enter an Earth occultation on orbit 15032. Contact was not re-established. Tracking operations were continued to 11:00 AM but no signal was seen, and none was expected. The spacecraft","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"1882132","text":"atmosphere. At this altitude the spacecraft encountered sufficient ram pressure to raise temperatures on the solar arrays to 126 degrees Celsius. On October 13, 1994 at 10:05:00 UTC, communication was lost when the spacecraft entered radio occultation behind Venus. The team continued to listen for another signal from the spacecraft until 18:00:00 UTC, when the mission was determined to have concluded. Although much of \"Magellan\" was expected to vaporize due to atmospheric stresses, some amount of wreckage is thought have hit the surface by 20:00:00 UTC. Quoted from Status Report - October 13, 1994 Communication with the \"Magellan\" spacecraft was","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"20627001","text":"the United States three days later. In 2014, Sail was called-up to New Zealand's senior squad for two friendlies against China and Thailand, but he was unused in both matches. Oliver Sail Oliver \"Oli\" Sail is a New Zealand professional footballer who currently plays for Wellington Phoenix as a goalkeeper. He also has been selected for the New Zealand national football team. Sail started his career playing for Wanderers SC, a special club set up to develop players for the New Zealand national under-20 football team. In 2013, Sail joined Auckland City but wouldn't debut until the following year in","title":"Oliver Sail"},{"psg_id":"4058942","text":"The Wake of Magellan The Wake of Magellan is the tenth studio album released by the American heavy metal band Savatage. The album was released in September 1997 in Europe and Japan, and in April 1998 in the US. It is a concept album and is based on two real life events. The first, the Maersk Dubai incident, occurred less than a year before this album was released when the captain of a freighter threw three Romanian stowaways overboard in the middle of the Atlantic. A fourth stowaway was saved by the courageous action of a deckhand, who risked his","title":"The Wake of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"17933224","text":"He died on 7 February 1790, after more than a year's illness and was buried in Islington churchyard. Although there are claims that, due to his laxity and unorthodoxy, he renounced his faith, his correspondence and other sources confirm he never gave up Catholicism. Magellan's major works were: Magellan also wrote articles in the \"Journal de Physique\", 1778–83. On the title-page of his translation of Axel Fredrik Cronstedt's \"System of Mineralogy\", 1788, he assumed the appellation \"Talabrico-Lusitanus\". Magellan gave Count Benyovszky's memoirs to William Nicholson, who published them in English in 1790. Magellan's French version of the memoirs appeared after","title":"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan"},{"psg_id":"20626999","text":"Oliver Sail Oliver \"Oli\" Sail is a New Zealand professional footballer who currently plays for Wellington Phoenix as a goalkeeper. He also has been selected for the New Zealand national football team. Sail started his career playing for Wanderers SC, a special club set up to develop players for the New Zealand national under-20 football team. In 2013, Sail joined Auckland City but wouldn't debut until the following year in the semi-final of the 2013–14 ASB Premiership, when he replaced Tamati Williams in Auckland City's 4–1 victory over its classic rival Waitakere United. Sail joined Wellington Phoenix to be part","title":"Oliver Sail"},{"psg_id":"6725273","text":"car. The \"Ferdinand Magellan\" became the first passenger railcar built for a President since the War Department had built a special car for the use of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. The other Lot 6246 car, \"Roald Amundsen\" has also been preserved and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. When the \"Ferdinand Magellan\" was rebuilt for service as United States Railcar No. 1, the original six bedrooms in the car were reduced to four, and the dining room and observation lounge were enlarged. Two of the bedrooms were a suite for the President and the First Lady, with a","title":"Ferdinand Magellan (railcar)"},{"psg_id":"16086140","text":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations, trade associations, businesses and local governments. The firm was founded in November 2006. Using quantitative and qualitative survey research methods, the firm helps Republican candidates, conservative organizations, trade associations and governments better understand voter opinion. In addition to survey research, the company provides predictive voter modeling, voter data analysis and campaign consulting services. Magellan is a member of the Marketing","title":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies"},{"psg_id":"4375925","text":"segment is cleaned and recoated. The mirrors are made of borosilicate glass and have a honeycomb structure below the mirror surface. An adaptive secondary mirror is also designed for the telescope. The telescope will begin observing with only four mirrors: the central and three off-axis segments. Giant Magellan Telescope The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is a ground-based extremely large telescope under construction, planned for completion in 2025. It will consist of seven 8.4 m (27.6 ft) diameter primary segments, that will observe optical and near infrared (320–25000 nm) light, with the resolving power of a 24.5 m (80.4 ft) primary","title":"Giant Magellan Telescope"},{"psg_id":"2036471","text":"recognized Chilean sovereignty over the Strait of Magellan in the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina. Argentina had previously claimed all of the strait, or at least the eastern third of it. In 1840 the Pacific Steam Navigation Company was the first to use steamships for commercial traffic in the strait. Until the Panama Canal opened in 1914, the Strait of Magellan was the main route for steamships traveling from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. It was often considered the only safe way to move between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as the Drake Passage separating Cape","title":"Strait of Magellan"},{"psg_id":"16458161","text":"classical music composers such as Arnold Schoenberg and György Ligeti. \"Swing Lo Magellan\"'s first single, \"Gun Has No Trigger\", was released on March 30, 2012 and was selected as a Best New Track by Pitchfork Media on April 2. On June 8, 2012, a music video for \"Gun Has No Trigger\" was released. The music video was visually influenced by Apple Inc.'s iPod commercials and by the default profile images used on Facebook and Gmail. On June 14, 2012, a second song from the album, \"Dance for You,\" was released online. \"Swing Lo Magellan\" was streamed in its entirety on","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"psg_id":"1686150","text":"remembrance of Lady Morris, I shall perhaps be forgiven by the public for raising my feeble voice in answer to \"The Woman Who Did\"\". The campaigner Emma Brooke saw this novel and her own novel \"The Superfluous Woman\" as important in trying to resolve the \"Sex Question\" which she thought dominated intellectual debate in the 1880s. She was annoyed when H. G. Wells reinvented the question when he spoke to the Fabian Society in 1906. Thomas Hardy approved more of Allen's progressive aims in the novel, than of their artistic realisation. The Woman Who Did The Woman Who Did (1895)","title":"The Woman Who Did"},{"psg_id":"12617894","text":"settlement called Puerto San Julian on March 30, 1520. On Easter (April 1 and 2), a mutiny broke out involving three of the five ship captains. Magellan took quick and decisive action. Luis de Mendoza, the captain of \"Victoria\", was killed by a party sent by Magellan, and the ship was recovered. After \"Concepción's\" anchor cable had been secretly cut by his forces, the ship drifted towards the well-armed \"Trinidad\", and \"Concepcion's\" captain de Quesada and his inner circle surrendered. Juan de Cartagena, the head of the mutineers on the \"San Antonio,\" subsequently gave up. Antonio Pigafetta reported that Gaspar","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617893\",\n \"text\": \"Janeiro. Although in 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the eastern most shores of Brazil for Portugal, Portugal did not maintain a permanent settlement there to protect its brazilwood monopoly (the French were able to help themselves to the timber without interference.) Magellan's armada arrived without Portuguese notice. There the crew was resupplied, but bad conditions caused them to delay. Afterwards, they continued to sail south along South America's east coast, looking for the strait that Magellan believed would lead to the Spice Islands. The fleet reached Río de la Plata in early February, 1520. For overwintering, Magellan established a temporary\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2036465\",\n \"text\": \"captain general of the fleet and governor of all the lands discovered, and establishing the privileges of Magellan and his business associate Rui Faleiro. The fleet would become known as the \\\"Armada de las Molucas\\\" or \\\"Fleet of the Moluccas\\\". The expeditionary fleet of five ships set sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 20, 1519. The five ships included \\\"La Trinidad\\\" (110 tons, crew 55), under the command of Magellan; \\\"La San Antonio\\\" (120 tons, crew 60) under the command of Juan de Cartagena; \\\"La Concepción\\\" (90 tons, crew 45) under the command of Gaspar de Quezada (Juan Sebastián\",\n \"title\": \"Strait of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9282646\",\n \"text\": \"products included the Magellan GPS 2000, GPS 315, Meridian, SporTrak, and Magellan RoadMate models. The MobileMapper CE and ProMark3 have been marketed to professionals like surveyors and GIS (geographic information systems) users. The consumer division of Magellan was purchased by Mio Technology subsidiary of MiTAC on December 15, 2008, who changed the name to \\\"MiTAC Digital Corporation\\\". Magellan develops and distributes vehicle navigation, crossover GPS, and outdoor handheld navigation products. The Company also produces customized mapping software for topographic, marine, and street navigation. Current GPS products as of 2016 include: Magellan GPS units include a variety of different viewing options,\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Navigation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617879\",\n \"text\": \"to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the \\\"peaceful sea\\\" (the modern Pacific Ocean). Despite a series of storms and mutinies, the expedition reached the Spice Islands in 1521 and returned home via the Indian Ocean to complete the first circuit of the globe. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521. His gift, the Santo Niño de Cebú image, remains one of his legacies during his arrival. Magellan had already reached the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia on\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617885\",\n \"text\": \"avoid the need to sail around the tip of Africa), he left for Spain. In Seville he befriended his countryman Diogo Barbosa and soon married the daughter of Diogo's second wife, María Caldera Beatriz Barbosa. They had two children: Rodrigo de Magalhães and Carlos de Magalhães, both of whom died at a young age. His wife died in Seville around 1521. Meanwhile, Magellan devoted himself to studying the most recent charts, investigating, in partnership with cosmographer Rui Faleiro, a gateway from the Atlantic to the South Pacific and the possibility of the Moluccas being Spanish according to the demarcation of\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16866411\",\n \"text\": \"leaves the Moluccas heading home sailing east. After five weeks, Espinosa decides to return to the Moluccas where he and his ship are captured by a Portuguese fleet under Antonio de Brito. However, the ship was wrecked during a storm. May 22: \\\"Victoria\\\" passes the Cape of Good Hope and enters the Atlantic Ocean. July 9: \\\"Victoria\\\" reaches Santiago, Cape Verde. September 6: \\\"Victoria\\\" returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda under the command of Elcano, two weeks shy of three years after setting sail. September 8: \\\"Victoria\\\" arrives at Seville, technically completing the circumnavigation. Timeline of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation The Magellan–Elcano\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7785767\",\n \"text\": \"Mayflower Aerospace in England, becoming Magellan Aerospace UK in 2003. The Fleet Aerospace division was closed in 2003, was sold, and later re-opened as Fleet Canada Inc. Magellan Aerospace is now an integrated, international company and all of its subsidiaries are wholly owned, operating under the Magellan name. Magellan Aerospace also manufactures structures and assemblies for commercial and defence aircraft manufacturers: Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Aerospace\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617899\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines, with 150 crew left. Members of his expedition became the first Europeans to reach the Philippine archipelago. Magellan relied on Enrique, his Malay servant and interpreter, to communicate with the native tribes. He had been indentured by Magellan in 1511 after the colonization of Malacca, and had accompanied him through later adventures. They traded gifts with Rajah Siaiu of Mazaua who guided them to Cebu on 7 April. Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly towards Magellan and the Spaniards; both he and his queen Hara Amihan were baptized as Christians and\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7785765\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the product areas of aeroengines, aerostructures, rockets and space, and specialty products. Its corporate offices in Mississauga, Ontario, Magellan operates in facilities throughout Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Magellan is a component supplier for the Airbus A380, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, and Bombardier's complete line of business and commuter aircraft. Magellan also supplies gas\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Aerospace\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617914\",\n \"text\": \"although they had faithfully maintained the ship's log. They lost one day because they traveled west during their circumnavigation of the globe, opposite to Earth's daily rotation. This caused great excitement at the time, and a special delegation was sent to the Pope to explain the oddity to him. The Order of Magellan was established in 1902 to honour those who complete a circumnavigation and make other contributions to humanity. Two of the closest galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds in the southern celestial hemisphere, were named for Magellan sometime after 1800. The Magellan probe, which mapped the planet Venus from 1990\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9282645\",\n \"text\": \"an independent company. It was once owned by Orbital Sciences Corporation, which purchased it in 1994. In 2001, Thales Group purchased the Magellan division of Orbital Sciences for about $70 million and the Company became known as Thales Navigation. Five years later, private equity firm Shah Capital Partners and other investors purchased Thales Navigation for $170 million and the company was officially renamed Magellan Navigation. Magellan was the creator of the Magellan NAV 1000—the world’s first commercial handheld GPS receiver, which debuted in 1989. In 1997, Magellan also introduced the first handheld global satellite communicator—the GSC 100. Later consumer handheld\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Navigation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18801896\",\n \"text\": \"new holding company, changing its name to Magellan Health Services. In 1999 the company moved to Green Spring's old headquarters in Columbia, Maryland. In 2004, the company headquarters moved to Connecticut. In 2014, the company moved its headquarters from Connecticut to Scottsdale, Arizona. In 1997 Magellan acquired Merit Behavioral Care Corporation, a company which provided mental health and substance abuse services, for $460 million in cash. Magellan Health Magellan Health Inc. (formerly Magellan Health Services Inc.), is an American for-profit managed health care company, focused on behavioral healthcare. It ranked 475 on the Fortune 500 in 2018. The company began\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Health\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882111\",\n \"text\": \"to place it into orbit around Venus. Prior to \\\"Magellan\\\", all spacecraft SRM firings had involved spinning spacecraft, which made control of the SRM a much easier task. In a typical spin mode, any unwanted forces related to SRM or nozzle mis-alignments are cancelled out. In the case of \\\"Magellan\\\", the spacecraft design did not lend itself to spinning, so the resulting propulsion system design had to accommodate the challenging control issues with the large Star 48B SRM. The Star 48B, containing 2,014 kg of solid propellant, developed a thrust of ~89,000 Newton (20,000 lbf) shortly after firing; therefore, even\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5855605\",\n \"text\": \"and market share, failed to keep the company from becoming another brilliant also-ran. Lotus was acquired by IBM in 1995. The old MS-DOS Lotus software Magellan, Lotus Agenda, HAL, and Lotus Manuscript have since been released as freeware. Lotus Magellan Lotus Magellan is an MS-DOS desktop search package, conceived and developed by Bill Gross and released in 1989 by Lotus Development Corporation, most famous for Lotus 1-2-3. Lotus sold 500,000 copies of Magellan. Running under MS-DOS, Magellan would scan the directories and files on a drive or floppy diskettes and create a master index. It was aware of all the\",\n \"title\": \"Lotus Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9329274\",\n \"text\": \"Order of Magellan The Order of Magellan is an honor bestowed on distinguished individuals who have circumnavigated the earth and who, to the course of their career, have contributed to the world of science or the environment or future progress through peace and understanding. Among the pantheon of winners of this award are Douglas MacArthur, philanthropist and mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary, ethnographer and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl, Dr. William Walsh, who started Project Hope, oceanographer and underwater archaeologist Dr. Robert Ballard, oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, and astronaut and United States Senator John Glenn. The Magellan Award is the highest award bestowed by\",\n \"title\": \"Order of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8124769\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe were only for use and study by a team of principal investigators from a variety of universities and institutions, and by the Magellan Project Science Team. These scientists were responsible for validating the data, contributing input for spacecraft acquisition of data, and interpreting the data results for their release to the public. Data were shared with three visiting Soviet scientists (Alexander Basilevsky, Effaim Akim and Alexander Zacharov), a first, and sensitive issue, for NASA at the time considering the Cold War\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan scientists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429710\",\n \"text\": \"Cebu with a show of heavy arms, he refused to pay any fee for entering the port. He even threatened Raja Humabon, the local ruler, and boasted about his victories in Malaca and Calicut. He then offered them gifts and befriended them. The Rajah, who welcomed Magellan to the island, wanted to hold a \\\"casi casi\\\", a blood-brother ceremony. Magellan then started converting the native people to Christianity. He converted 800 people of the \\\"barangay\\\" (villages). Before conversion, the natives worshipped their own main god whom they addressed as \\\"Bathala,\\\" along with other subordinate gods. The natives who lived in\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617889\",\n \"text\": \"Diogo Ribeiro, a Portuguese who had started working for Charles V in 1518 as a cartographer at the \\\"Casa de Contratación\\\", took part in the development of the maps to be used in the travel. Several problems arose during the preparation of the trip, including lack of money, the king of Portugal trying to stop them, Magellan and other Portuguese incurring suspicion from the Spanish, and the difficult nature of Faleiro. Finally, thanks to the tenacity of Magellan, the expedition was ready. Through the bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca they obtained the participation of merchant Christopher de Haro, who provided\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8124770\",\n \"text\": \"was just coming to a close. The Magellan Project Science room became notorious for its hanging of long thermal print strips of image data (FBIDRs) along the walls of a spacious room. This was the first form in which the imagery of the surface of Venus was seen due to the long, narrow swathes acquired by the spacecraft. Significant guests during the mission's operation included Margaret Thatcher. After the initial investigation stage Magellan's full data set was released for public consumption. Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan scientists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882107\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \\\"Magellan\\\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. \\\"Magellan\\\" was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6345290\",\n \"text\": \"25 per cent of Magellan is invested in companies based outside the US. In May 2006, Magellan made a capital gains distribution to shareholders of $22.11 representing roughly 18% of assets. As of 12/31/08 the total AUM for the Magellan Fund stands at $19 billion. Lange has said that he believes Magellan can handle more assets. After being closed for over a decade, on January 14, 2008, Fidelity announced that the fund would be re-opened to new investors. On September 13, 2011, Fidelity named Jeffrey S. Feingold, manager of Fidelity Trend Fund, as the next manager of Fidelity Magellan Fund.\",\n \"title\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5855603\",\n \"text\": \"Lotus Magellan Lotus Magellan is an MS-DOS desktop search package, conceived and developed by Bill Gross and released in 1989 by Lotus Development Corporation, most famous for Lotus 1-2-3. Lotus sold 500,000 copies of Magellan. Running under MS-DOS, Magellan would scan the directories and files on a drive or floppy diskettes and create a master index. It was aware of all the various current formats and provided the ability to view files without launching the original applications that created them. Its most powerful feature was fuzzy searching, that connected files by relative frequency of keywords, allowing the user to organize\",\n \"title\": \"Lotus Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3373780\",\n \"text\": \"use on Magellan II. As built for the LBT, the original MagAO mirror had an diameter of . However, the edge of the mirror was broken. Technicians at Steward Observatory were able to cut the mirror to in diameter, thereby removing the broken edge. Magellan Telescopes The Magellan Telescopes are a pair of optical telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. The two telescopes are named after the astronomer Walter Baade and the philanthropist Landon T. Clay. First light for the telescopes was on September 15, 2000 for the Baade, and September 7, 2002 for the Clay. A consortium\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Telescopes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12667624\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Development Group Magellan Development Group, LLC is an American real estate and property development company that was formed in 1996 as a result of a long term corporate partnership between Magellan Development Group and NNP Residential Development. The company's co-chief executive officers are Joel Carlins and James Loewenberg; the company's president is David Carlins while Robin Loewenberg Tebbe is the Chief Marketing Officer. The affiliates of bKL Architects, Joel M. Carlins & Associates, Magellan Marketing Group, Magellan Property Management, and Magellan Realty operate autonomously within the group structure. The major accomplishment of their collaboration is the $4 billion, mixed-use\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Development Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2036461\",\n \"text\": \"two oceans until the construction of the Panama Canal. The Strait of Magellan has been inhabited by indigenous Americans for thousands of years. On the western part of its northern coast lived the Alacalufe, also known as the Kawésqar. To the east of the Kawésqar lived the Tehuelche, whose territory extended to the north in Patagonia. South of the Tehuelche, across the Strait of Magellan, lived the Selk'nam, who inhabited the majority of the eastern portion of Tierra del Fuego. To the west of the Selk'nam were the Yaghan, who inhabited the southernmost part of Tierra del Fuego. All tribes\",\n \"title\": \"Strait of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6345289\",\n \"text\": \"fund was beginning to make it difficult to beat the market. By the end of the century the Fidelity Magellan Fund had well over $100 billion in assets under management. For quite some time it was the single largest mutual fund in the world. In April 2000, Vanguard’s S&P 500 index fund displaced Magellan as the largest mutual fund in the world. By the time Stansky retired in 2005, the assets under management for Magellan were back down to $52.5 billion. Harry Lange took over Magellan and promptly changed the portfolio to reflect his view on the market. Today about\",\n \"title\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12667628\",\n \"text\": \"in 2007 in addition to naming Magellan as number 113 in the list of \\\"Chicago’s Largest Privately Held Companies\\\". The company has been responsible for the creation of over 12,000 residential units in Chicago and is known for its philanthropic endeavors and unique Rewards program as well as its luxury properties. Magellan Development Group Magellan Development Group, LLC is an American real estate and property development company that was formed in 1996 as a result of a long term corporate partnership between Magellan Development Group and NNP Residential Development. The company's co-chief executive officers are Joel Carlins and James Loewenberg;\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Development Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5855604\",\n \"text\": \"related data no matter where or in what format it existed on the user's computer. Given this \\\"semantic view\\\" of the user's file system, Magellan not only exposed \\\"hidden meaning\\\" from disparate data, but also facilitated the actual movement of files and directories into a better physical organization. Advertisements that ran for Magellan at the time promised to \\\"Get all your ducks in a row\\\" and showed a picture of a line of obedient rubber ducks. Magellan was one of several significant developments from Lotus Software (i.e. \\\"1-2-3\\\", \\\"Notes\\\" and office software for the Apple Macintosh) that, despite significant usefulness\",\n \"title\": \"Lotus Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882136\",\n \"text\": \"should land on Venus by 1:00 PM PDT Thursday, October 13, 1994. Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \\\"Magellan\\\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit.\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18801895\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Health Magellan Health Inc. (formerly Magellan Health Services Inc.), is an American for-profit managed health care company, focused on behavioral healthcare. It ranked 475 on the Fortune 500 in 2018. The company began as the psychiatric hospital chain Charter Medical, headquartered in Macon, Georgia. In 1992, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, stemming from debt incurred as a result of 1988 management-led takeover. After recovering from bankruptcy, it moved its headquarters to Atlanta in 1994. Acquiring a major stake in Green Spring Health Services Inc., a managed care company based in Columbia, Maryland, the company re-structured into a\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Health\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617897\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan called the \\\"Estrecho (Canal) de Todos los Santos\\\", (\\\"All Saints' Channel\\\"), because the fleet travelled through it on 1 November or All Saints' Day. The strait is now named the Strait of Magellan. He first assigned \\\"Concepcion\\\" and \\\"San Antonio\\\" to explore the strait, but the latter, commanded by Gómez, deserted and headed back to Spain on 20 November. On 28 November, the three remaining ships entered the South Pacific. Magellan named the waters the \\\"Mar Pacifico\\\" (Pacific Ocean) because of its apparent stillness. Magellan and his crew were the first Europeans to reach Tierra del Fuego just east\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617900\",\n \"text\": \"were given the image of the Holy Child (later known as Santo Niño de Cebu) which along with a cross (Magellan's Cross) symbolizes the Christianization of the Philippines. Afterward, Rajah Humabon and his ally Datu Zula convinced Magellan to kill their enemy, Datu Lapu-Lapu, on Mactan. Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, as he had Humabon, but Lapu-Lapu rejected that. On the morning of 27 April 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan with a small force. During the resulting battle against Lapu-Lapu's troops, Magellan was struck by a bamboo spear, and later surrounded and finished off with other weapons. Pigafetta\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617915\",\n \"text\": \"to 1994, was named after Magellan. The Ferdinand Magellan train rail car (also known as U.S. Car. No. 1) is a former Pullman Company observation car that was re-built by the U.S. Government for presidential use from 1943 until 1958. A replica of the \\\"Victoria\\\", the only ship of Magellan's to survive the entire voyage, can be visited in Puerto San Julian. Three craters, two located on the Moon and one on Mars, have been named after Magellan using the spelling \\\"Magelhaens\\\". The names were adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1935 (Magelhaens on the Moon), 1976 (Magelhaens on\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882119\",\n \"text\": \"its attached Inertial Upper Stage booster were deployed from \\\"Atlantis\\\" and launched on May 5, 1989 01:06:00 UTC, sending the spacecraft into a Type IV heliocentric orbit where it would circle the Sun 1.5 times, before reaching Venus 15 months later on August 10, 1990. Originally, the \\\"Magellan\\\" had been scheduled for launch in 1988 with a trajectory lasting six months. However, due to the Space Shuttle \\\"Challenger\\\" disaster in 1986, several missions, including \\\"Galileo\\\" and \\\"Magellan\\\", were deferred until shuttle flights resumed in September 1988. \\\"Magellan\\\" was planned to be launched with a liquid-fueled, Centaur-G upper-stage booster, carried in\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429713\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan's body was demanded by the Spaniards, but Lapu-Lapu refused them this favour. A stone platform here has a plaque with the date 27 April 1521, the date Magellan was killed in the battle. Adjoining the shrine is a statue of Lapu-Lapu, who is hailed as first Filipino hero. A festival called the \\\"Kadaugan sa Mactan\\\" (Victory at Mactan), commemorating the triumph of the heroic native chieftain Lapu-Lapu over Magellan, is held on 27 April every year. On this occasion, colorful events include a ceremonial procession of \\\"decorated bancas\\\" (canoes) representing Magellan's three boats on the sea coast of the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6345293\",\n \"text\": \"cumulative S&P500 return by 5.91%. Vinik is most often remembered as the manager who moved a high percentage of the portfolio out of technology stocks and into bonds at the wrong time, causing Magellan to underperform its peers for the first time in the fund’s history. However, others argue that Vinik merely moved into bonds early. Vinik moved Magellan into bonds in the fall of 1995. In the seven years ending in March 2003, on a total return basis, 10-year Treasuries returned 78 percent, AAA corporate bonds returned 46 percent, and, with dividends reinvested, the S&P 500 returned 31 percent.\",\n \"title\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458160\",\n \"text\": \"around 40 demos. The album was not recorded with Angel Deradoorian, who left the band. Longstreth wanted \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" to be a collection of individual songs instead of an album united by a single theme, unlike with previous albums. In addition, Longstreth sought to write more personal songs. \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" has been described as more \\\"beats-driven\\\" and more accessible than previous Dirty Projectors albums. For specific influences, critics and Longstreth himself have cited a variety of influences, ranging from popular music acts such as Nirvana, Lil Wayne, Michael Jackson, Neil Young, En Vogue and Blind Willie Johnson to\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14229912\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Planet Search Program The Magellan Planet Search Program is a ground-based search for extrasolar planets that makes use of the radial velocity method. It began gathering data in December 2002 using the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 6.5m Magellan II \\\"Clay\\\" telescope located within the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. In 2010, the program began using the newly commissioned Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), an instrument purpose-built for precise radial velocity measurement. The Magellan Planet Search uses a molecular Iodine absorption cell to imprint a set of extremely well known absorption lines onto each stellar spectrum that act as\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Planet Search Program\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16086144\",\n \"text\": \"state was unassailable. His aides, who had considered the state a political firewall, were suddenly spooked, said two people who have advised the campaign. The campaign dug into the numbers, and found what they considered flaws, but also unmistakable evidence of an ascent by Mr. Gingrich. A person who has advised Mr. Romney in the past said, \\\"That rattled them\\\". The Political editor of the Denver Post acknowledges Magellan Strategies for correctly predicting the outcome of the special election in New York's 9th Congressional District to replace Anthony Weiner. Magellan was criticized for making an inaccurate prediction that Tom Tancredo\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6345292\",\n \"text\": \"thirteen years. Between 1977 and 1990 the fund averaged over a 29% annual return, making Magellan the best performing mutual fund in the world. Lynch created the investment process commonly referred to as “Buy What You Know”. Morris Smith replaced Lynch as the manager of Magellan. During the two years he was there he managed to beat the S&P 500 by 7%. He decided to leave investing entirely after his experience at Magellan and has spent time pursuing religious activities. Jeffrey Vinik spent four years managing Magellan and during that time he produced an 83.70% cumulative return and outperformed the\",\n \"title\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2036481\",\n \"text\": \"Strait of Magellan, and in a diplomatic letter to major shipping nations in 1873 Chile promised freedom of navigation through and neutrality within the strait. Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan (), also called the \\\"Straits of Magellan\\\", is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south. The strait is the most important natural passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is considered a difficult route to navigate due to the narrowness of the passage and unpredictable winds and currents, but is shorter and more\",\n \"title\": \"Strait of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458168\",\n \"text\": \"catalog number is DNO1012. Music: Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" recording sessions spanned\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458159\",\n \"text\": \"Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" recording sessions spanned a year and resulted in\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429712\",\n \"text\": \"islands. Magellan launched a naval war against Lapu-Lapu with an armada of three boats carrying Spanish soldiers and 20 boats carrying Cebuanos. In this battle, which took place on 27 April 1521, Lapu-Lapu fought valiantly with his men, armed with wooden shields, bows and arrows, and lances. Magellan and his army of Spanish soldiers and Cebuanos could not withstand the attack and were forced to retreat to their boats. Magellan was fatally wounded in the battle. He was hit on the leg by a poisoned arrow and also attacked with spears and other weapons. A spear had struck his head.\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429711\",\n \"text\": \"small barangays were controlled by local chieftains called Rajas. During the baptisms, Magellan planted a cross at the site. The natives accepted the Catholic belief that \\\"there is only one God\\\". Magellan was able to convert most of the powerful leaders of the islands, except one leader called Lapu-Lapu. During his stay in Cebu, Magellan found out that some of the local inhabitants had refused to acknowledge the suzerainty of the King of Spain, and as a warning to the villagers, he burnt a few villages. However, in spite of this warning, Lapu-Lapu opposed the control of Spain over the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882118\",\n \"text\": \"Earth, Doppler modeling was used to take the overlapping \\\"looks\\\" and combine them into a continuous, high resolution image of the surface. In addition to the radar data, Magellan collected several other types of scientific measurements. These included detailed measurements of the Venus gravitational field, measurements of the atmospheric density, and radio occultation data on the atmospheric profile. \\\"Magellan\\\" was launched on May 4, 1989, at 18:46:59 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from KSC Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, aboard Space Shuttle \\\"Atlantis\\\" during mission STS-30. Once in orbit, the \\\"Magellan\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617883\",\n \"text\": \"1511, under the new governor Afonso de Albuquerque, Magellan and Serrão participated in the conquest of Malacca. After the conquest their ways parted: Magellan was promoted, with a rich plunder and, in the company of a Malay he had indentured and baptized, Enrique of Malacca, he returned to Portugal in 1512. Serrão departed in the first expedition sent to find the \\\"Spice Islands\\\" in the Moluccas, where he remained. He married a woman from Amboina and became a military advisor to the Sultan of Ternate, Bayan Sirrullah. His letters to Magellan would prove decisive, giving information about the spice-producing territories.\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6725280\",\n \"text\": \"to christen the first nuclear powered submarine \\\"Nautilus\\\". The railcar was declared surplus and offered to the Smithsonian Institution in 1958, but the Smithsonian did not act on the offer, and the Gold Coast Railroad Museum was able to acquire it. In 1984 the \\\"Ferdinand Magellan\\\" came back to life, when it was briefly loaned to the presidential re-election campaign of President Ronald Reagan, who gave a series of \\\"whistlestop\\\" speeches from the rear platform during a one-day trip in Ohio, on October 12, 1984. President Reagan's five-stop train journey, had involved transporting the train from Florida to Ohio, re-assembling\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan (railcar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6345294\",\n \"text\": \"In addition, Vinik's strategy would have avoided the dot-com bust. Robert ‘Bob’ Stansky is a direct disciple of Peter Lynch’s having worked as his research assistant from 1984 to 1987. During his time at Magellan Stansky managed to return 238% for the fund. However, the S&P 500 index returned 274% during the same period. This marked the only regime where Magellan underperformed the market. Magellan’s portfolio closely resembled the S&P 500 during Stansky’s tenure—so much so that Stansky himself helped coin the phrase ‘closet indexer’. Harry W. Lange represented a change for the Magellan fund. His approach was known as\",\n \"title\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882130\",\n \"text\": \"however, finally allowed detailed imaging and analysis of craters, hills, ridges, and other geologic formations, to a degree comparable to the visible-light photographic mapping of other planets. \\\"Magellan\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s global radar map currently remains as the most detailed Venus map in existence, although the planned Russian Venera-D may carry a radar that can achieve the same, if not better resolution as the radar used by \\\"Magellan\\\". On September 9, 1994, a press release outlined the termination of the \\\"Magellan\\\" mission. Due to the degradation of the power output from the solar arrays and onboard components, and having completed all objectives successfully,\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20639852\",\n \"text\": \"-. It apparently developed first on the Phoenix Plate before being transferred onto the Pacific Plate 125 million years ago. The Magellan Rise never rose to shallow depths at least since the Cretaceous, and the Rise is covered by sediments of Tithonian/Berriasian to Quaternary age. Magellan Rise (ocean plateau) Magellan Rise is an oceanic plateau in the Pacific Ocean, which covers a surface area of . There is another \\\"Magellan Rise\\\" west from the Marshall Islands as well. The Magellan Rise has been called a large igneous province by Coffin and Endholm 2001 and was emplaced 145 million or 135-128\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Rise (ocean plateau)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20639851\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Rise (ocean plateau) Magellan Rise is an oceanic plateau in the Pacific Ocean, which covers a surface area of . There is another \\\"Magellan Rise\\\" west from the Marshall Islands as well. The Magellan Rise has been called a large igneous province by Coffin and Endholm 2001 and was emplaced 145 million or 135-128 million years ago, possibly as a consequence of intense volcanism at a former triple junction. Alternatively, the Rise was formed by a mantle plume. Candidate mantle plumes are the Easter hotspot and the Foundation hotspot. The volume of rocks in the Magellan Rise is about\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Rise (ocean plateau)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6345287\",\n \"text\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund The Fidelity Magellan Fund () is a US-domiciled mutual fund from the Fidelity family of funds. It is perhaps the world’s best known actively managed mutual fund. On January 14, 2008, Fidelity announced that the fund would open to new investors for the first time in over a decade. Fidelity earns its income, like most mutual funds, from fees charged on its assets under management. From the fund’s inception in 1963 through 1977 Magellan grew to $20 million in AUM. The $20 million fund Peter Lynch inherited grew to $14 billion in AUM during his tenure. During\",\n \"title\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7785766\",\n \"text\": \"turbine components for airplanes, helicopters, and military vehicles such as the M-1 Abrams tank. Magellan was formed in 1996 from the remains of Fleet Industries, a subsidiary of the US-based Fleet Aerospace located in Fort Erie, Ontario. They produced products and services for the Canadian military, as well as subassemblies for aviation companies. Through the 1990s Magellan expanded, buying a number of Canadian aviation companies. These included: Several US companies were also added, including Aeronca (formerly part of the US-based portions of Fleet), AMBEL Precision Manufacturing, Ellanef Manufacturing, Middleton Aerospace and Presto Casting Company. They also purchased the assets of\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Aerospace\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7455879\",\n \"text\": \"MS Magellan MS \\\"Magellan\\\" is a \\\"Holiday\\\"-class cruise ship, which was formerly owned by Carnival Cruise Line as \\\"Holiday\\\" and Ibero Cruises as the \\\"Grand Holiday\\\". She has sailed for Cruise & Maritime Voyages since Spring 2015. <br> MS \\\"Holiday\\\" was built by Aalborg Værft in Aalborg, Denmark and entered service for Carnival Cruise Lines on 13 July 1985. The ship's condition had been in decline, until 2003 when she was sent into dry dock and renovated. In 2005, during Hurricane Katrina, she was taken out of service to be used as temporary housing for the victims of the storm.\",\n \"title\": \"MS Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7455876\",\n \"text\": \"MS Magellan MS \\\"Magellan\\\" is a \\\"Holiday\\\"-class cruise ship, which was formerly owned by Carnival Cruise Line as \\\"Holiday\\\" and Ibero Cruises as the \\\"Grand Holiday\\\". She has sailed for Cruise & Maritime Voyages since Spring 2015. <br> MS \\\"Holiday\\\" was built by Aalborg Værft in Aalborg, Denmark and entered service for Carnival Cruise Lines on 13 July 1985. The ship's condition had been in decline, until 2003 when she was sent into dry dock and renovated. In 2005, during Hurricane Katrina, she was taken out of service to be used as temporary housing for the victims of the storm.\",\n \"title\": \"MS Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3373779\",\n \"text\": \"a survey of start searching for planets using the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 6.5 m Magellan II (Clay) telescope. In 2013, Clay (Magellan II) was equipped with an adaptive secondary mirror called MagAO which allowed it to take the sharpest visible-light images to date, capable of resolving objects 0.02 arcseconds across—equivalent to a dime (1.8 cm) seen from away. MagAO was originally intended for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), but the secondary mirror was damaged before it could be installed. The project leader Laird Close and his team were able to repair and repurpose the broken mirror for\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Telescopes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882120\",\n \"text\": \"the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle. However, the entire Centaur-G program was canceled after the \\\"Challenger\\\" disaster, and the \\\"Magellan\\\" probe had to be modified to be attached to the less-powerful Inertial Upper Stage. The next best opportunity for launching occurred in October 1989. Further complicating the launch however, was the launching of the \\\"Galileo\\\" mission to Jupiter, one that included a fly-by of Venus. Intended for launch in 1986, the pressures to ensure a launch for \\\"Galileo\\\" in 1989, mixed with a short launch-window necessitating a mid-October launch, resulted in replanning the \\\"Magellan\\\" mission. Weary of rapid shuttle\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16086145\",\n \"text\": \"would win the 2010 Colorado Governors Election. 2010 gubernatorial election in Colorado. Tom Tancredo lost to Democrat John Hickenlooper on election day, November 2. Hickenlooper resoundingly beat Tancredo by a margin of 51% to 36%. Editorial page editor Curtis Hubbard of the \\\"Denver Post\\\" gave Magellan his \\\"Agony of Defeat\\\" award for the worst poll in the gubernatorial race. References Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations,\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16086142\",\n \"text\": \"database with solid vote history. Magellan Strategies staff testifies in front of Colorado Senate Transportation Committee regarding Colorado voter opinion of a proposed 3.5 billion dollar bond measure to fund transportation need in the state. In mid-November 2011, a Magellan poll conducted for the \\\"New Hampshire Journal\\\" surprisingly reported that Newt Gingrich had surged in New Hampshire, which hosts the first Presidential nominating primary. Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney had long led polls in New Hampshire, yet the Magellan Poll seemingly revealed he had lost a quarter of his support. The Magellan Poll reported that Romney had 29% of the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882129\",\n \"text\": \"broadly, perpendicular to the orbital path, where they could act as paddles as they impacted molecules of the upper-Venusian atmosphere. Countering this force, the thrusters fired to keep the spacecraft from spinning. This provided data on the basic oxygen gas-surface interaction. This was useful for understanding the impact of upper-atmospheric forces which aided in designing future Earth-orbiting satellites, and methods for aerobraking during future planetary spacecraft missions. \\\"Magellan\\\" created the first (and currently the best) near-photographic quality, high resolution radar mapping of the planet's surface features. Prior Venus missions had created low resolution radar globes of general, continent-sized formations. \\\"Magellan\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617909\",\n \"text\": \"de Judicibus. Martino de Judicibus () was a Genoese or Savonese Chief Steward. His history is preserved in the nominative registers at the \\\"Archivo General de Indias\\\" in Seville, Spain. The family name is referred to with the exact Latin patronymic, \\\"de Judicibus\\\". Martino de Judicibus, initially assigned to the caravel \\\"Concepción\\\", one of five ships of the Spanish fleet of Magellan, had embarked on the expedition with the rank of captain. Antonio Pigafetta's journal is the main source for much of what is known about Magellan and Elcano's voyage. The other direct report of the voyage was that of\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617896\",\n \"text\": \"on a scouting expedition and was wrecked in a sudden storm. All of its crew survived and made it safely to shore. Two of them returned overland to inform Magellan of what had happened, and to bring rescue to their comrades. After this experience, Magellan decided to wait for a few weeks more before resuming the voyage with the four remaining ships. At 52°S latitude on 21 October 1520, the fleet reached Cape Virgenes and concluded they had found the passage, because the waters were brine and deep inland. Four ships began an arduous trip through the long passage that\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617880\",\n \"text\": \"previous voyages traveling east (from 1505 to 1511–1512). By visiting this area again but now travelling west, Magellan achieved a nearly complete personal circumnavigation of the globe for the first time in history. The Magellanic penguin is named after him, as he was the first European to note it. Magellan's navigational skills have also been acknowledged in the naming of objects associated with the stars, including the Magellanic Clouds, now known to be two nearby dwarf galaxies; the twin lunar craters of Magelhaens and Magelhaens A; and the Martian crater of Magelhaens. Magellan was born in northern Portugal in around\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16705739\",\n \"text\": \"long way toward making these tiny shards of sound go down easily for the musically open-minded.\\\" God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail With It God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail with It is the second album by the American experimental rock band Red Krayola. It was released in May 1968 by the International Artists record label. Mark Deming of \\\"AllMusic\\\" wrote, \\\"\\\"God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail with It\\\" bears precious little resemblance to anything else that appeared at the time; it would take a few decades of post-punk experimentalism before\",\n \"title\": \"God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail With It\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2036477\",\n \"text\": \"the Spanish language phonology and spelling like \\\"Timaukel\\\" (hamlet at the east side of Tierra del Fuego), \\\"Carukinka\\\" (the end of the Almirantazgo Fjord), \\\"Anika\\\" (a channel located at 54° 7’ S and 70° 30’ W) and \\\"Arska\\\" (the north side of the Dawson Island). Magellan named initially the strait \\\"Todos los Santos\\\" as he began the voyage through the west on 1 November 1520. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor renamed it as \\\"Estrecho de Magallanes\\\". Magellan named the island on the south side as \\\"Tierra del Fuego\\\", which the Yaghan people called \\\"Onaisín\\\" in the Yaghan language. Magellan also\",\n \"title\": \"Strait of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2036460\",\n \"text\": \"Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan (), also called the \\\"Straits of Magellan\\\", is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south. The strait is the most important natural passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is considered a difficult route to navigate due to the narrowness of the passage and unpredictable winds and currents, but is shorter and more sheltered than the often stormy Drake Passage. Along with the narrow and sometimes treacherous Beagle Channel, these were the only three sea routes between these\",\n \"title\": \"Strait of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458165\",\n \"text\": \"of musicOMH also praised the album, writing \\\"\\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" affords generous breathing space to Dirty Projectors' music: a context in which new levels of unpretentious eloquence positively flourish.\\\" Not all critics were entirely positive towards the album. \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\"'s Darren Franich wrote \\\"It [\\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\"] should be thrillingly anarchic; instead, it just meanders.\\\" Aneet Nijjar of AllMusic acknowledged that some listeners might find the band's \\\"rather knowing idiosyncrasy\\\" to be \\\"off-putting and smug.\\\" Blurt wrote that while \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" was \\\"instantly likeable,\\\" the album \\\"unravels into nonsense and complexity on second glance.\\\" Alex Wilson of Tiny Mix\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458166\",\n \"text\": \"Tapes did not find the album engaging and criticized the music's inability to match the ideas behind the album. Wilson concluded: \\\"Simply put, the music on \\\"Swing Lo\\\" can’t support its great ideas. [..] Maybe time will prove me completely and utterly wrong, but as far as I can tell, nothing on \\\"Swing Lo\\\" walks by itself.\\\" On 5 December 2012, \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" was nominated for Best Recording Package at the 55th Grammy Awards. On December 20, 2012, Pitchfork Media ranked the album #15 on its list of the top 50 albums of 2012, writing: \\\"For some bands, maturity\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17933225\",\n \"text\": \"his death, and letters of Magellan to Benyowsky were published in Mór Jókai's edition of the count's memoirs. The Magellanic Premium, a prize given for advances in navigation, was established in 1786 by a grant given by him. Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan () (1723–1790) was a Portuguese natural philosopher. He was born in Aveiro, Portugal. He seems to have been brought up at Lisbon, where he became a monk of the order of St. Augustine, and was pursuing his studies in the Portuguese capital when the city was destroyed by the earthquake of 1755. At age\",\n \"title\": \"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17933221\",\n \"text\": \"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan () (1723–1790) was a Portuguese natural philosopher. He was born in Aveiro, Portugal. He seems to have been brought up at Lisbon, where he became a monk of the order of St. Augustine, and was pursuing his studies in the Portuguese capital when the city was destroyed by the earthquake of 1755. At age 40 Magellan abandoned the monastic life. About 1764 he appears to have reached England and was in communication with Da Costa of the Royal Society in 1766. For some time he acted as tutor on continental tours, and\",\n \"title\": \"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882135\",\n \"text\": \"This was also a preplanned experiment option. At this point, the spacecraft was expected to survive only two orbits. \\\"Magellan\\\" continued to maintain communication for three more orbits, even though the power continued to drop below 23 volts and eventually reached 20.4 volts. At this time, one battery went off-line, and the spacecraft was defined as power starved. Communication was lost at 3:02 AM PDT just as \\\"Magellan\\\" was about to enter an Earth occultation on orbit 15032. Contact was not re-established. Tracking operations were continued to 11:00 AM but no signal was seen, and none was expected. The spacecraft\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1882132\",\n \"text\": \"atmosphere. At this altitude the spacecraft encountered sufficient ram pressure to raise temperatures on the solar arrays to 126 degrees Celsius. On October 13, 1994 at 10:05:00 UTC, communication was lost when the spacecraft entered radio occultation behind Venus. The team continued to listen for another signal from the spacecraft until 18:00:00 UTC, when the mission was determined to have concluded. Although much of \\\"Magellan\\\" was expected to vaporize due to atmospheric stresses, some amount of wreckage is thought have hit the surface by 20:00:00 UTC. Quoted from Status Report - October 13, 1994 Communication with the \\\"Magellan\\\" spacecraft was\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20627001\",\n \"text\": \"the United States three days later. In 2014, Sail was called-up to New Zealand's senior squad for two friendlies against China and Thailand, but he was unused in both matches. Oliver Sail Oliver \\\"Oli\\\" Sail is a New Zealand professional footballer who currently plays for Wellington Phoenix as a goalkeeper. He also has been selected for the New Zealand national football team. Sail started his career playing for Wanderers SC, a special club set up to develop players for the New Zealand national under-20 football team. In 2013, Sail joined Auckland City but wouldn't debut until the following year in\",\n \"title\": \"Oliver Sail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4058942\",\n \"text\": \"The Wake of Magellan The Wake of Magellan is the tenth studio album released by the American heavy metal band Savatage. The album was released in September 1997 in Europe and Japan, and in April 1998 in the US. It is a concept album and is based on two real life events. The first, the Maersk Dubai incident, occurred less than a year before this album was released when the captain of a freighter threw three Romanian stowaways overboard in the middle of the Atlantic. A fourth stowaway was saved by the courageous action of a deckhand, who risked his\",\n \"title\": \"The Wake of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17933224\",\n \"text\": \"He died on 7 February 1790, after more than a year's illness and was buried in Islington churchyard. Although there are claims that, due to his laxity and unorthodoxy, he renounced his faith, his correspondence and other sources confirm he never gave up Catholicism. Magellan's major works were: Magellan also wrote articles in the \\\"Journal de Physique\\\", 1778–83. On the title-page of his translation of Axel Fredrik Cronstedt's \\\"System of Mineralogy\\\", 1788, he assumed the appellation \\\"Talabrico-Lusitanus\\\". Magellan gave Count Benyovszky's memoirs to William Nicholson, who published them in English in 1790. Magellan's French version of the memoirs appeared after\",\n \"title\": \"Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20626999\",\n \"text\": \"Oliver Sail Oliver \\\"Oli\\\" Sail is a New Zealand professional footballer who currently plays for Wellington Phoenix as a goalkeeper. He also has been selected for the New Zealand national football team. Sail started his career playing for Wanderers SC, a special club set up to develop players for the New Zealand national under-20 football team. In 2013, Sail joined Auckland City but wouldn't debut until the following year in the semi-final of the 2013–14 ASB Premiership, when he replaced Tamati Williams in Auckland City's 4–1 victory over its classic rival Waitakere United. Sail joined Wellington Phoenix to be part\",\n \"title\": \"Oliver Sail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6725273\",\n \"text\": \"car. The \\\"Ferdinand Magellan\\\" became the first passenger railcar built for a President since the War Department had built a special car for the use of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. The other Lot 6246 car, \\\"Roald Amundsen\\\" has also been preserved and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. When the \\\"Ferdinand Magellan\\\" was rebuilt for service as United States Railcar No. 1, the original six bedrooms in the car were reduced to four, and the dining room and observation lounge were enlarged. Two of the bedrooms were a suite for the President and the First Lady, with a\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan (railcar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16086140\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations, trade associations, businesses and local governments. The firm was founded in November 2006. Using quantitative and qualitative survey research methods, the firm helps Republican candidates, conservative organizations, trade associations and governments better understand voter opinion. In addition to survey research, the company provides predictive voter modeling, voter data analysis and campaign consulting services. Magellan is a member of the Marketing\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4375925\",\n \"text\": \"segment is cleaned and recoated. The mirrors are made of borosilicate glass and have a honeycomb structure below the mirror surface. An adaptive secondary mirror is also designed for the telescope. The telescope will begin observing with only four mirrors: the central and three off-axis segments. Giant Magellan Telescope The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is a ground-based extremely large telescope under construction, planned for completion in 2025. It will consist of seven 8.4 m (27.6 ft) diameter primary segments, that will observe optical and near infrared (320–25000 nm) light, with the resolving power of a 24.5 m (80.4 ft) primary\",\n \"title\": \"Giant Magellan Telescope\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2036471\",\n \"text\": \"recognized Chilean sovereignty over the Strait of Magellan in the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina. Argentina had previously claimed all of the strait, or at least the eastern third of it. In 1840 the Pacific Steam Navigation Company was the first to use steamships for commercial traffic in the strait. Until the Panama Canal opened in 1914, the Strait of Magellan was the main route for steamships traveling from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. It was often considered the only safe way to move between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as the Drake Passage separating Cape\",\n \"title\": \"Strait of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458161\",\n \"text\": \"classical music composers such as Arnold Schoenberg and György Ligeti. \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\"'s first single, \\\"Gun Has No Trigger\\\", was released on March 30, 2012 and was selected as a Best New Track by Pitchfork Media on April 2. On June 8, 2012, a music video for \\\"Gun Has No Trigger\\\" was released. The music video was visually influenced by Apple Inc.'s iPod commercials and by the default profile images used on Facebook and Gmail. On June 14, 2012, a second song from the album, \\\"Dance for You,\\\" was released online. \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" was streamed in its entirety on\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1686150\",\n \"text\": \"remembrance of Lady Morris, I shall perhaps be forgiven by the public for raising my feeble voice in answer to \\\"The Woman Who Did\\\"\\\". The campaigner Emma Brooke saw this novel and her own novel \\\"The Superfluous Woman\\\" as important in trying to resolve the \\\"Sex Question\\\" which she thought dominated intellectual debate in the 1880s. She was annoyed when H. G. Wells reinvented the question when he spoke to the Fabian Society in 1906. Thomas Hardy approved more of Allen's progressive aims in the novel, than of their artistic realisation. The Woman Who Did The Woman Who Did (1895)\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman Who Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12617894\",\n \"text\": \"settlement called Puerto San Julian on March 30, 1520. On Easter (April 1 and 2), a mutiny broke out involving three of the five ship captains. Magellan took quick and decisive action. Luis de Mendoza, the captain of \\\"Victoria\\\", was killed by a party sent by Magellan, and the ship was recovered. After \\\"Concepción's\\\" anchor cable had been secretly cut by his forces, the ship drifted towards the well-armed \\\"Trinidad\\\", and \\\"Concepcion's\\\" captain de Quesada and his inner circle surrendered. Juan de Cartagena, the head of the mutineers on the \\\"San Antonio,\\\" subsequently gave up. Antonio Pigafetta reported that Gaspar\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["explorer"],"string":"[\n \"explorer\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1184,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did irish people come from?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11448576","text":"Where Dreams Come True Tour The Where Dreams Come True Tour was the second concert tour by Irish boy band Westlife seen by 600,000 fans making £12,000,000, in support of their second studio album, \"Coast to Coast\". The tour was nicknamed \"The No Stools Tour\" due to the band's reputation of performing while perched on stools. Before this full-length world tour, they had a short tour within UK, Ireland and Southeast Asian countries. A \"Coast to Coast\" Itinerary was made as a tour programme with original 63-page A5 sized spiral-bound tour itinerary book for 1 February to 31 March UK","title":"Where Dreams Come True Tour"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11448576\",\n \"text\": \"Where Dreams Come True Tour The Where Dreams Come True Tour was the second concert tour by Irish boy band Westlife seen by 600,000 fans making £12,000,000, in support of their second studio album, \\\"Coast to Coast\\\". The tour was nicknamed \\\"The No Stools Tour\\\" due to the band's reputation of performing while perched on stools. Before this full-length world tour, they had a short tour within UK, Ireland and Southeast Asian countries. A \\\"Coast to Coast\\\" Itinerary was made as a tour programme with original 63-page A5 sized spiral-bound tour itinerary book for 1 February to 31 March UK\",\n \"title\": \"Where Dreams Come True Tour\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11038172","text":"Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical \"maximalists\" and \"minimalists\" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book, which coincided with Dever's retirement from the University of Arizona, where he served as professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology for many years, was written on a semi-popular level to explain the background and origin of the people Dever describes as","title":"Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?"},{"psg_id":"11038173","text":"the \"protoIsraelites.\" It followed an earlier book, \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?\", in which Dever, contrary to the \"minimalists\", asserted that the writers of the Old Testament knew a good deal about the Israelites' past. Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical \"maximalists\" and \"minimalists\" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book,","title":"Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?"},{"psg_id":"16269691","text":"said that \"As a publisher I knew I was devaluing the copyright by singing it myself instead of passing it onto better and bigger singers, but I did it anyway. One of many of my classically bad business choices, but thankfully Kenny Chesney was kind enough to bail me out and cut it again.\" From \"Simple Life\" liner notes. Back Where I Come From \"Back Where I Come From\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \"Simple Life\". The song reached","title":"Back Where I Come From"},{"psg_id":"18992438","text":"as positive reviews by NPR, The Guardian, The Washington Post, Billboard, Dazed, Jamaican Observer, Complex, FACT, and more. \"Where We Come From\" received acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 81, which indicates \"universal acclaim\", based on 5 reviews. Where We Come From Where We Come From is the debut studio album by Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, released on 10 June 2014 by Mixpak Records. A prolific dancehall artist from Jamaica, Popcaan collaborated with several producers on the album: Dre Skull","title":"Where We Come From"},{"psg_id":"18992437","text":"Where We Come From Where We Come From is the debut studio album by Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, released on 10 June 2014 by Mixpak Records. A prolific dancehall artist from Jamaica, Popcaan collaborated with several producers on the album: Dre Skull (who also served as the album's Executive Producer), Dubbel Dutch, Anju Blaxx, Jaime YVP and Adde Instrumentals. \"Where We Come From\" received critical acclaim upon release, and placed on several year-end critics' lists for 2014. Upon release of the album, Popcaan was featured as the cover star on The Fader, garnered an 8.0 rating at Pitchfork, as well","title":"Where We Come From"},{"psg_id":"15581482","text":"Where Soldiers Come From Where Soldiers Come From is a 2011 American documentary film directed by Heather Courtney. The film is an intimate look at a group of young American men who join the Michigan Army National Guard, their families, and the town they come from. Director Heather Courtney follows these young men closely, as they transition from small town teenagers to Army guardsmen during the war in Afghanistan. Their story continues to follow the 23-year-old veterans dealing with the less visible wounds of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and PTSD. It premiered at South by Southwest festival, where it won","title":"Where Soldiers Come From"},{"psg_id":"15581489","text":"You, as well as an original score by composers Alex Chavez and Chad Stocker. Where Soldiers Come From Where Soldiers Come From is a 2011 American documentary film directed by Heather Courtney. The film is an intimate look at a group of young American men who join the Michigan Army National Guard, their families, and the town they come from. Director Heather Courtney follows these young men closely, as they transition from small town teenagers to Army guardsmen during the war in Afghanistan. Their story continues to follow the 23-year-old veterans dealing with the less visible wounds of Traumatic Brain","title":"Where Soldiers Come From"},{"psg_id":"16225581","text":"September 2017. It would be the duo's final Top 10 hit. The music video was directed by Potsy Ponciroli and premiered in September 2011. Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, \"Rebels on the Run\". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's","title":"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)"},{"psg_id":"16225578","text":"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, \"Rebels on the Run\". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's previous singles, and that \"I feel like this song fits them, and I say that as a fan. I think that they can actually","title":"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)"},{"psg_id":"7883156","text":"and remixed to become \"Come to Where I'm From\". As this was not the official finalized release, few promos were made. Note Come to Where I'm From Come to Where I'm From is the second studio album by Joseph Arthur released by Real World Records on April 11, 2000. The album was co-produced by T-Bone Burnett, and features the singles \"Chemical\" and \"In the Sun.\" Real World Records reissued the album in July 2012, as a part of their \"Real World Gold\" series. In the UK, there were two singles released from the album: On March 11, 1999, a promo","title":"Come to Where I'm From"},{"psg_id":"19937218","text":"Where Do You Come From \"Where Do You Come From\" is a song first recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1962 motion picture \"Girls! Girls! Girls!\". Later it was rejected from the motion picture and wasn't used in it, but appeared on its soundtrack album \"Girls! Girls! Girls!\". The song was written by Ruth Bachelor and Bob Roberts. Elvis Presley recorded \"Where Do You Come From\" on March 27, 1962 — during his March 26-28 soundtrack recordings for the Paramount motion picture \"Girls! Girls! Girls!\" at the Radio Recorders studio in Hollywood, California. The song","title":"Where Do You Come From"},{"psg_id":"16269689","text":"Back Where I Come From \"Back Where I Come From\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \"Simple Life\". The song reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Its B-side, \"Company Time\", was later a single for Linda Davis in 1994. The song is a mid-tempo in which the narrator expresses nostalgia towards his hometown in Mississippi. Regarding its content, McAnally told \"American Songwriter\", \"When I wrote 'Back Where I Come From' I thought that it","title":"Back Where I Come From"},{"psg_id":"19937219","text":"was released on a single as a flip side to \"Return to Sender\" in October 1962. \"Where Do You Come From\" peaked at number 99 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while \"Return to Sender\" peaked at number 2. The title \"Return to Sender\" was certified Gold in the United States for selling a million copies. \"Billboard\" in 1962 called the song a \"croon ballad\". According to the book \"Elvis Films FAQ\", it is a \"slow, aching ballad\" that \"starts a bit like \"As Long As I Have You\"\" Where Do You Come From \"Where Do You Come From\" is a","title":"Where Do You Come From"},{"psg_id":"13273813","text":"Where I Come From (album) Where I Come From is the fourteenth studio album by the American country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded in 2008, and released on the Woodstock Records label on June 2, 2009. Following \"\", \"Where I Come From\" was the second album recorded by the New Riders after they re-formed in 2005, with band co-founder David Nelson on guitar, long-time member Buddy Cage on pedal steel guitar, Hot Tuna alumnus Michael Falzarano on guitar, Ronnie Penque on bass, and Johnny Markowski on drums. It was the band's first studio","title":"Where I Come From (album)"},{"psg_id":"11063384","text":"find their maker, named Kenji and their questions are answered. Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they","title":"Where the Toys Come From"},{"psg_id":"11063383","text":"Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they begin their trip to Japan. In Japan, Zoom and Peepers","title":"Where the Toys Come From"},{"psg_id":"7883155","text":"Come to Where I'm From Come to Where I'm From is the second studio album by Joseph Arthur released by Real World Records on April 11, 2000. The album was co-produced by T-Bone Burnett, and features the singles \"Chemical\" and \"In the Sun.\" Real World Records reissued the album in July 2012, as a part of their \"Real World Gold\" series. In the UK, there were two singles released from the album: On March 11, 1999, a promo CD titled Rusty Water was released via Virgin Records. The CD featured 13 tracks, most of which would later be re-recorded, edited,","title":"Come to Where I'm From"},{"psg_id":"13273818","text":"with Nelson on a half dozen cuts and the long-time Grateful Dead lyricist demonstrates an elegant command of language on the title song, while the band's playing on a close to eight minute track is articulate in its own way... NRPS 2009 can excel when they improvise, as on the ten-minute plus of 'Ghost Train Blues', and the group would do well to jam more often and bring in more cover material, such as the traditional 'Them Old Minglewood Blues', to complement their originals.\" Where I Come From (album) Where I Come From is the fourteenth studio album by the","title":"Where I Come From (album)"},{"psg_id":"15594054","text":"especially young girls, experience adolescence and how her body changes. Where Do Teenagers Come From? Where Do Teenagers Come From? was an American television teen comedy/documentary that aired as an \"ABC Afterschool Special\" on March 5, 1980. The live action/animation program was produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and was a sequel to the 1977 program \"My Mom's Having a Baby.\" The special was notable for its signature song \"Growing Up,\" written by Doug Goodwin. When 12-year-old Kelly begins to experience changes in her body, she, along with Petey and Oscar, once again visit Dr. Lendon Smith, who uses an animated film","title":"Where Do Teenagers Come From?"},{"psg_id":"15594053","text":"Where Do Teenagers Come From? Where Do Teenagers Come From? was an American television teen comedy/documentary that aired as an \"ABC Afterschool Special\" on March 5, 1980. The live action/animation program was produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and was a sequel to the 1977 program \"My Mom's Having a Baby.\" The special was notable for its signature song \"Growing Up,\" written by Doug Goodwin. When 12-year-old Kelly begins to experience changes in her body, she, along with Petey and Oscar, once again visit Dr. Lendon Smith, who uses an animated film that explains in detail (via Smith's narraration) of how teenagers,","title":"Where Do Teenagers Come From?"},{"psg_id":"11199600","text":"of mankind, only to return and find it worse. It takes a departure from the dark and depressive lyrical content of their previous albums for a much more science fiction oriented feel. Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \"Did Tomorrow Come...\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \"Will Tomorrow Come?\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and","title":"Did Tomorrow Come..."},{"psg_id":"11199599","text":"Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \"Did Tomorrow Come...\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \"Will Tomorrow Come?\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and Death metal elements than in their earlier works. The album is a concept album about a time traveller who goes back and forth through time in order to prevent the dystopian future","title":"Did Tomorrow Come..."},{"psg_id":"12637782","text":"fell to number 2 on October 27, with Brooks & Dunn's \"Only in America\" taking over at Number One. The next week, \"Where I Come From\" returned to number 1 for a third and final week at the top. Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album \"When Somebody Loves You\". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts, his only number one from","title":"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"9434252","text":"the album managed to sell more than 500,000 copies domestically. With thirty-eight weeks in the German Top 100, a platinum, and a gold certification the album became the eleventh successful album of 2002. Never Forget (Where You Come From) Never Forget (Where You Come From) is the debut studio album by German pop group Bro'Sis. It was released on January 21, 2002 on Cheyenne Records, Polydor and Zeitgeist. It was primarily produced by Toni Cottura, with additional production from Alex Christensen, Marc Mozart, Syndicate Music, and others. The album reached the top of the German, Austrian and Swiss albums chart","title":"Never Forget (Where You Come From)"},{"psg_id":"9434251","text":"Never Forget (Where You Come From) Never Forget (Where You Come From) is the debut studio album by German pop group Bro'Sis. It was released on January 21, 2002 on Cheyenne Records, Polydor and Zeitgeist. It was primarily produced by Toni Cottura, with additional production from Alex Christensen, Marc Mozart, Syndicate Music, and others. The album reached the top of the German, Austrian and Swiss albums chart and spawned five singles, including number one single \"I Believe\" and a cover version of 98 Degrees' 1999 Christmas single \"The Gift\". Including its \"Special Winter Edition\" (released on November 11, 2002) and","title":"Never Forget (Where You Come From)"},{"psg_id":"15358177","text":"Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \"Baby Love\", \"Come","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"15581486","text":"\"hauntingly beautiful and deeply felt...some of the best Afghanistan war-related storytelling I’ve seen.” In his review of the film, \"Time Magazine\"'s film critic Steven James Snyder called it an \"emotional and engrossing portrait of America's bravest.\" Matt Zoller Seitz of Salon claimed that \"the last 10 years have produced an array of documentaries about post-9/11 America, but few are as haunting and compassionate as Heather Courtney’s ‘Where Soldiers Come From.’” Salon also included the film in their list of \"the best nonfiction TV of 2011.\" Documentary filmmaker Michael Moore said the film was \"a profoundly moving experience. One of the","title":"Where Soldiers Come From"},{"psg_id":"11448578","text":"an \"Access All Areas\" documentary, a \"World of Our Own\" featurette, a link to an exclusive website and a music video of \"When You're Looking Like That\" in Dolby Digital 2.0 & 5.1 sound. This was re-released in China into CD/DVD format. Release contains a free poster of the band and a booklet with the lyrics of the CD-songs translated to Chinese. With the same DVD track listing and bonus CD contains 5 live tracks from the same performance as the DVD: Where Dreams Come True Tour The Where Dreams Come True Tour was the second concert tour by Irish","title":"Where Dreams Come True Tour"},{"psg_id":"16225579","text":"stand onstage and sing this song every night, and people are going to believe them because it’s where they come from, too.\" It is in the key of B-flat minor with a main chord pattern of Bm-G-D-A. Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" gave the song three stars out of five, saying that it \"is better than anything Montgomery Gentry have released in two years, but they're getting by on memories.\" Bobby Peacock of \"Roughstock\" gave the song four stars out of five, calling the production \"a little more muscular and gritty than usual\" and the lyrics \"proud without being","title":"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)"},{"psg_id":"12637779","text":"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album \"When Somebody Loves You\". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts, his only number one from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo which finds the narrator, a truck driver, traveling across the United States and finding himself in various situations that make him think about how life in other places is different from","title":"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"6114568","text":"Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group The Supremes, released in 1964. The album includes several of the group's singles and B-sides from 1963 and 1964. Included are the group's first Billboard Pop Singles number-one hits, \"Where Did Our Love Go\", \"Baby Love\", and \"Come See About Me\", as well as their first Top 40 hit, \"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\", and the singles \"A Breathtaking Guy\" and \"Run, Run, Run\". With the release of this album, The Supremes became the first act in","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"16269690","text":"was a hit, but also that it said something that I personally wanted to be the first to say.\" The song, the first cut on \"Simple Life\", has a play length of 3 minutes and 32 seconds; a 1-minute and 20 second reprise, performed by McAnally on piano with backing from the Nashville String Machine, is the album's sixth track. \"Back Where I Come From\" was covered by Kenny Chesney on his 1996 album \"Me and You\", produced by Barry Beckett. Chesney also included a live version of the song on his 2000 \"Greatest Hits\" album. Of Chesney's recordings, McAnally","title":"Back Where I Come From"},{"psg_id":"3383714","text":"Che Guvara, Walt Disney, Barack Obama, JFK, Muhammad Ali and \"Maréchal\" The 1st Duke of Magenta, the second President of the Third Republic. Many Irish people were also transported to the island of Montserrat, to work as indentured servants, exiled prisoners or slaves. Unlike African chattel slaves, the majority of Irish labourers who were sent to Montserrat did so by personal choice although they were tricked into doing so by the promise of payment and land of which they did not receive. Some were exiled by the English Oliver Cromwell due to the large Irish population and their attempted rebellion","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"13273816","text":"weepy side of the pedal steel in favor of something more stinging. These New Riders jam a bit more than the original ensemble, and they also rock a bit more.\" On Jambands.com, Brian Robbins said, \"Forget the 40 years of history; forget the dues paid and the groundwork laid for what came to be known as the jamband scene; forget the family tree whose roots are tightly entwined with those of the Dead; just forget all that stuff and throw on a copy of the New Riders of the Purple Sage \"Where I Come From\". Pretend it's the debut album","title":"Where I Come From (album)"},{"psg_id":"13273815","text":"by a bonus disc called Where I Come From: Radio Mixes & Live Bonus. On Allmusic, William Ruhlmann wrote, \"But the heart of the album — seven songs out of 12 — is the work of the new songwriting team of Nelson and Robert Hunter... Hunter comes up with his typically aphoristic, imagistic, and vernacular words (particularly on the title song) and Nelson matches them with catchy, country-tinged melodies that the band plays in frisky country-rock roadhouse arrangements. This may be San Francisco music, but Bakersfield doesn't seem far away as the guitars go twangy and Cage plays down the","title":"Where I Come From (album)"},{"psg_id":"13273814","text":"album in 17 years, since 1992's \"Midnight Moonlight\". The music for seven of the songs on the album was written by David Nelson, with lyrics by Robert Hunter, who wrote the lyrics for many Grateful Dead songs. Four of the other five songs were also written by current band members. In 2010, a version of the song \"Olivia Rose\", written by Ronnie Penque, appeared on his album \"Only Road Home\". The cover of \"Where I Come From\" was illustrated by Stanley Mouse, an artist known for his many concert posters and album covers. Some copies of the album were accompanied","title":"Where I Come From (album)"},{"psg_id":"2810341","text":"Boston, acquired it from the Marie Harriman Gallery on 16 April 1936. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \"P. Gauguin / 1897\".","title":"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?"},{"psg_id":"2810334","text":"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \"P. Gauguin / 1897\". The painting was created in Tahiti, and is in the Museum of","title":"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?"},{"psg_id":"3383696","text":"an \"assembly\", where the Brehons would hold their courts upon hills to arbitrate the matters of the lordship. Indeed, the Tudor lawyer John Davies described the Irish people with respect to their laws: Another English commentator records that the assemblies were attended by \"all the scum of the country\"—the labouring population as well as the landowners. While the distinction between \"free\" and \"unfree\" elements of the Irish people was unreal in legal terms, it was a social and economic reality. Social mobility was usually downwards, due to social and economic pressures. The ruling clan's \"expansion from the top downwards\" was","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"3383677","text":"this hypothesis, Quinn explains phenotypical similarities between the \"Atlantean Irish\" and the populations of Iberia and the Berbers. Quinn's Atlantean thesis has not been accepted by the Irish academic establishment, who have criticised it is as non-scholarly and lacking hard evidence to back his theories. Afro-Caribbean people descended from Irish settlers in the Caribbean, especially those on Barbados and Montserrat, are referred to as \"Black Irish\". The people concerned often have Irish surnames, speak a form of Caribbean English influenced by the Irish vernacular and, in some cases, sing Irish songs. One Roman historian records that the Irish people were","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"12103259","text":"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\" is an English Christian harvest festival hymn written in 1844 by Henry Alford. It is often sung to the tune \"St. George's, Windsor\" by George Job Elvey. Alford wrote \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\" in 1844 while he was the rector of Aston Standford church in Buckinghamshire, England. It was first published in \"Hymns and Psalms\" in 1844 with seven verses under the title \"After Harvest\". \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\" was set to George J. Elvey's hymn tune \"St. George's, Windsor\" in 1858. In 1865, Alford revised the hymn,","title":"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come"},{"psg_id":"12103263","text":"since the beginning of time, but it was the one he could remember best. <poem> 1. Come, ye thankful people, come, 2. We ourselves are God's own field, 3. For the Lord our God shall come, 4. Then, thou Church triumphant come, </poem> \"Lyrics in Public Domain\" <poem> 2. All this world is God's own field, </poem> <poem> 3. For we know that thou wilt come, </poem> <poem> 4. Come then, Lord of mercy, come, </poem> Come, Ye Thankful People, Come \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\" is an English Christian harvest festival hymn written in 1844 by Henry Alford. It","title":"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come"},{"psg_id":"12637781","text":"verse comes a chorus where the narrator explains how the road life is different. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the song favorably in his review of the album, calling it a \"redneck anthem\" that \"rocks a little harder with a ZZ Top-styled guitar\". \"Where I Come From\" re-entered the chart as a single at number 58 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 14, 2001. The song reached its peak position of number 1 on the \"Billboard\" country charts for the week of October 13. It held the position on October 20, then","title":"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"3383679","text":"of the Irish people: The introduction of Christianity to the Irish people during the 5th century brought a radical change to the Irish people's foreign relations. The only military raid abroad recorded after that century is a presumed invasion of Wales, which according to a Welsh manuscript may have taken place around the 7th century. In the words of Seumas MacManus: Following the conversion of the Irish to Christianity, Irish secular laws and social institutions remained in place. The 'traditional' view is that, in the 4th or 5th century, Gaelic language and culture was brought to Scotland by settlers from","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"12103262","text":"\"Marigold/Harvest Home\" on the Sails of Silver album. \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\" was used in the \"All is Safely Gathered In\" episode of British sitcom \"Dad's Army\" where it is performed by a drunk Walmington-on-Sea platoon at a harvest service. Some scholars assert that this hymn is the one sung by the Cabby in C. S. Lewis's children's book \"The Magician's Nephew\" before the creation of Narnia: He struck up at once a harvest thanksgiving hymn, all about crops being \"safely gathered in.\" It was not very suitable to a place which felt as if nothing had grown there","title":"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come"},{"psg_id":"11939649","text":"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \"Where Did They Go\" and \"My Sweet Lord,\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \"Where Did They Go\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"13279845","text":"\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"psg_id":"13279844","text":"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\". The Allmusic review of \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" by Lindsay Planer said","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"psg_id":"16225580","text":"boastful.\" Ben Foster of \"Country Universe\" gave the song a C, writing that \"by relying so heavily on overused formulas, it’s like they're running around in circles in terms of creativity.\" \"Where I Come From\" debuted at number 59 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of July 30, 2011. In March 2012, it became Montgomery Gentry's first Top 10 hit since 2009's \"One in Every Crowd,\" and ultimately peaked at No. 8. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 8, 2016. It has sold 484,000 copies in the United States as of","title":"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)"},{"psg_id":"15358181","text":"letter\" formula. Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard's vocal contribution was significant in bringing a fresh yet hypnotic sexiness to the overall sound of the song while remaining true to the backup arrangements that Lamont Dozier had set down. Upon hearing the song's playback, an excited Ross rushed to Gordy's office and told him to come to the studio to listen to the song. Upon hearing playback, a satisfied Gordy nodded saying to the producers and the group that the song had potential to be a top ten hit. \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was released as a single on June","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"2810335","text":"Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, US. Gauguin had been a student at the Petit Séminaire de La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin, just outside Orléans, from the age of eleven to the age of sixteen. His subjects there included a class in Catholic liturgy; the teacher for this class was the Bishop of Orléans, Félix-Antoine-Philibert Dupanloup. Dupanloup had devised his own catechism to be lodged in the minds of the young schoolboys, and to lead them towards proper spiritual reflections on the nature of life. The three fundamental questions in this catechism were: \"Where does humanity come from?\" \"Where is it going to?\", \"How","title":"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?"},{"psg_id":"15581483","text":"the best documentary editing award. In 2012, the film won a News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story (Long Form), as well as the Truer Than Fiction Independent Spirit Award. Motivated by a variety of reasons from college tuition support, to a sense of purpose, best friends Dominic and Cole join the Army National Guard after graduating from their rural high school. After persuading several of their friends to join them, the young men are sent to Afghanistan as part of the 107th Engineer Battalion, 168th Engineer Brigade, where they are tasked with searching","title":"Where Soldiers Come From"},{"psg_id":"7316937","text":"was bought out by Sony, and the ensuing disruption meant that this plan was shelved. After the band's split the three members negotiated a release from their contracts. How Did It Ever Come to This? \"How Did it Ever Come to This?\" was the last single released by the British band Easyworld. It did not appear on their second and final album \"Kill the Last Romantic\", because it had not yet been written. The band's record label Jive decided the band should record a new track as it was felt none of the tracks on the album were suitable for","title":"How Did It Ever Come to This?"},{"psg_id":"3383692","text":"name was dropped in favor of a new, Hiberno-Norman form. Another common Irish surname of Norman Irish origin is the 'de' habitational prefix, meaning 'of' and originally signifying prestige and land ownership. Examples include de Búrca (Burke), de Brún, de Barra (Barry), de Stac (Stack), de Tiúit, de Faoite (White), de Londras (Landers), de Paor (Power). The Irish surname \"Walsh\" (in Gaelic \"Breathnach\") was routinely given to settlers of Welsh origin, who had come during and after the Norman invasion. The Joyce and Griffin/Griffith (Gruffydd) families are also of Welsh origin. The Mac Lochlainn, Ó Maol Seachlainn, Ó Maol Seachnaill,","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"3383723","text":"value their happiness hereafter, never to set foot on the Argentine Republic however tempted to do so they may be by offers of a passage or an assurance of comfortable homes.\" Some famous Argentines of Irish descent include Che Guevara, former president Edelmiro Julián Farrell, and admiral William Brown. There are people of Irish descent all over South America, such as the Chilean liberator Bernardo O'Higgins and the Peruvian photographer Mario Testino. Although some Irish retained their surnames intact, others were assimilated into the Spanish vernacular. The last name \"O'Brien\", for example, became \"Obregón\". People of Irish descent are also","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"3383695","text":"of Madrid and it was an Irishman named Patrick Maguire who was the first to set foot in the Americas in 1492; however, according to Morison and Miss Gould, who made a detailed study of the crew list of 1492, no Irish or English sailors were involved in the voyage. An English report of 1515 states that the Irish people were divided into over sixty Gaelic lordships and thirty Anglo-Irish lordships. The English term for these lordships was \"nation\" or \"country\". The Irish term \"\"oireacht\"\" referred to both the territory and the people ruled by the lord. Literally, it meant","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"19389542","text":"particular merit. Joe Dziemianowicz of the \"New York Daily News\" called the show \"big-hearted and crowd-pleasing\" and \"a singing reminder that when things are at their worst, people can be at their best.\" Joe Westerfield with \"Newsweek\" wrote that \"'Come From Away' accomplishes what all the best musicals do: It takes you to a place where you didn't know you wanted to go, and makes you not want to leave.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" called the musical \"heartwarming and thoroughly entertaining [...] especially in these politically fractious times.\" Johnny Oleksinski with the \"New York Post\" wrote that \"Every","title":"Come from Away"},{"psg_id":"15358184","text":"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"5869828","text":"March 11, 2012. Written by, Tom Black and Terry McEldowney, A.K.A. The Irish Choir <poem> We're the Windy City Irish-where the craic is always best Where every day is Paddy's Day and everyone's a guest If you're Irish on the North Side or Irish on the West Welcome to the South Side come join our Irish Fest! (Chorus) We're the South Side Irish as our fathers were before We come from the Windy City and we're Irish to the core From Bridgeport to Beverly from Midway to South Shore We're the South Side Irish-Let's sing it out once more! Our","title":"South Side Irish"},{"psg_id":"15581485","text":"the home front and how each of them, and their families try to return to normal life. The film received almost universal critical acclaim following both its theatrical release and its national broadcast on the award-winning PBS series POV. Jeannette Catsoulis of \"The New York Times\" called it \"quietly devastating\" and said, \"in its compassionate, modest gaze, the real cost of distant political decisions is softly illuminated, as well as the shame of a country with little to offer its less fortunate young people than a ticket to a battlefield.” Hank Stuever of \"The Washington Post\" stated that it was","title":"Where Soldiers Come From"},{"psg_id":"11939648","text":"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \"Where Did They Go\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \"Billboard\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \"Is That All There Is?\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \"My Rock And Foundation\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \"Where Did They Go\" (backed by \"All I Want\") as a 45\" single","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"11903016","text":"\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" was also included on \"The Final\" and \"Music from the Edge of Heaven\" albums. George Michael's arrangement of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is relatively faithful to the original Was (Not Was) version making only subtle changes to the song's instrumentation and structure. Michael alters the song by dropping the opening chorus in favour of an instrumental introduction of the chorus melody. The subdued ending is protracted in the Wham! recording, where the Was (Not Was) original quickly fades out after the completion of the final chorus; Michael's arrangement continues for an additional half a","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"5490750","text":"Let My People Come Let My People Come is the title of an explicit musical written by Earl Wilson, Jr. about love, sex and relationships, which ran from January 8, 1974 to July 5, 1976 in New York City, at The Village Gate in Greenwich Village. Subtitled \"A Sexual Musical,\" the show began previews on Broadway on July 7, 1976 at the Morosco Theatre and closed on October 2, 1976 after 108 performances without officially opening. Its music and lyrics were by Earl Wilson, Jr. The show featured songs with titles like \"I'm Gay,\" \"Come in My Mouth,\" \"Give It","title":"Let My People Come"},{"psg_id":"13579998","text":"too much information. News channels, the internet and social networking sites. People aren't leaving their bedrooms and it's just crazy. The things that make you most happy are quite simple. That song is looking for the romantic image of life, when people looked out for each other.\" According to Serge Pizzorno, the song's music video was inspired by Kenneth Anger's films like Scorpio Rising, Busby Berkeley and French cabaret. Following its release in August 2009, \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" entered the UK Singles Chart at a peak of #30. Although not as successful as the previous single \"\"Fire\"\",","title":"Where Did All the Love Go?"},{"psg_id":"14286203","text":"the original photo shoot with Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones. Adapted from AllMusic. Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \"UNKLE Blog\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\", was made","title":"Where Did the Night Fall"},{"psg_id":"14286202","text":"UNKLE revealed that \"Where Did the Night Fall\" would be re-released as \"Where Did the Night Fall – Another Night Out\". The first disc will contain the same songs that are on the original album but the second disc contains material from two of UNKLE's previous EPs, plus a number of exclusive and rare tracks. It was released on 11 April 2011. The standard edition comes packaged as a double jewel case with a 16-page booklet. The limited edition comes in a gold outer slipcase featuring a fully re-worked 16-page board book and 32-page booklet with new exclusive shots from","title":"Where Did the Night Fall"},{"psg_id":"5289873","text":"populist politics and her cultivated vocabulary, singling out the lyrics to \"Myths\": \"I don't know about The People, but just plain people say 'scattered upon the four winds,' not 'upon the four winds scattered.' Actually they don't say 'scattered upon the four winds' either\". AllMusic's William Ruhlmann later gave it three out of five stars. Come from the Shadows Come from the Shadows was a 1972 album by Joan Baez. After recording for the independent label Vanguard for more than a decade, Baez signed with A&M, and attempted to point her career in a slightly more \"commercial\" direction (though the","title":"Come from the Shadows"},{"psg_id":"7316935","text":"How Did It Ever Come to This? \"How Did it Ever Come to This?\" was the last single released by the British band Easyworld. It did not appear on their second and final album \"Kill the Last Romantic\", because it had not yet been written. The band's record label Jive decided the band should record a new track as it was felt none of the tracks on the album were suitable for release. The single charted at #50 in September 2004, missing the top 40 after \"Til the Day\" charted at #27 in February. Easyworld announced their split the following","title":"How Did It Ever Come to This?"},{"psg_id":"3383721","text":"of the largest self-reported ethnic groups in Australia, after English and Australian. In the 2006 Census, 1,803,741 residents identified themselves as having Irish ancestry either alone or in combination with another ancestry. However this figure does not include Australians with an Irish background who chose to nominate themselves as 'Australian' or other ancestries. The Australian embassy in Dublin states that up to 30 percent of the population claim some degree of Irish ancestry. It is believed that as many as 30,000 Irish people emigrated to Argentina between the 1830s and the 1890s. This was encouraged by the clergy, as they","title":"Irish people"},{"psg_id":"11903014","text":"Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \"It's an Attack!\" as the B-side. A live recording of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"14286200","text":"Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \"UNKLE Blog\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\", was made available digitally via Beatport and iTunes. On the download was followed by a remix EP","title":"Where Did the Night Fall"},{"psg_id":"13579887","text":"her 1992 album \"Entre a Mi Mundo\". Where Did the Feeling Go? \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \"Selena\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on","title":"Where Did the Feeling Go?"},{"psg_id":"13579886","text":"Where Did the Feeling Go? \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \"Selena\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the \"20 Years of Music\" version of","title":"Where Did the Feeling Go?"},{"psg_id":"5490765","text":"the song, which openly borrows the melody from \"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\" by Don Raye and Hughie Prince, \"could not be construed as a burlesque of plaintiff's work per se\", but was merely a \"commentary on an era\" and therefore was not protected by fair use. As a result, the defendants were found liable for copyright infringement. Let My People Come Let My People Come is the title of an explicit musical written by Earl Wilson, Jr. about love, sex and relationships, which ran from January 8, 1974 to July 5, 1976 in New York City, at The Village Gate","title":"Let My People Come"},{"psg_id":"13922093","text":"consist of Irish Papists\" who he said had \"been pouring in upon us in such sholes as of late years\". In the mid-18th century, Irish native names such as O'Hara and O'Connor were prominent, as well as Old English families like Talbot and Martin. Names present in 1837, recorded during the compensation hearings, include Walsh, O'Meally, O'Sullivan, Burke, Hennessy, Boyle, Tierney, Geoghagan, Dillon. The Irish Gaelic language poet Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin wrote his only English-language work in Port Royal, Jamaica while serving on an English naval vessel. Irish people in Jamaica Irish people in Jamaica or Irish Jamaicans, are","title":"Irish people in Jamaica"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11038172\",\n \"text\": \"Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical \\\"maximalists\\\" and \\\"minimalists\\\" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book, which coincided with Dever's retirement from the University of Arizona, where he served as professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology for many years, was written on a semi-popular level to explain the background and origin of the people Dever describes as\",\n \"title\": \"Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11038173\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"protoIsraelites.\\\" It followed an earlier book, \\\"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?\\\", in which Dever, contrary to the \\\"minimalists\\\", asserted that the writers of the Old Testament knew a good deal about the Israelites' past. Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical \\\"maximalists\\\" and \\\"minimalists\\\" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book,\",\n \"title\": \"Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16269691\",\n \"text\": \"said that \\\"As a publisher I knew I was devaluing the copyright by singing it myself instead of passing it onto better and bigger singers, but I did it anyway. One of many of my classically bad business choices, but thankfully Kenny Chesney was kind enough to bail me out and cut it again.\\\" From \\\"Simple Life\\\" liner notes. Back Where I Come From \\\"Back Where I Come From\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \\\"Simple Life\\\". The song reached\",\n \"title\": \"Back Where I Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18992438\",\n \"text\": \"as positive reviews by NPR, The Guardian, The Washington Post, Billboard, Dazed, Jamaican Observer, Complex, FACT, and more. \\\"Where We Come From\\\" received acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 81, which indicates \\\"universal acclaim\\\", based on 5 reviews. Where We Come From Where We Come From is the debut studio album by Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, released on 10 June 2014 by Mixpak Records. A prolific dancehall artist from Jamaica, Popcaan collaborated with several producers on the album: Dre Skull\",\n \"title\": \"Where We Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18992437\",\n \"text\": \"Where We Come From Where We Come From is the debut studio album by Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, released on 10 June 2014 by Mixpak Records. A prolific dancehall artist from Jamaica, Popcaan collaborated with several producers on the album: Dre Skull (who also served as the album's Executive Producer), Dubbel Dutch, Anju Blaxx, Jaime YVP and Adde Instrumentals. \\\"Where We Come From\\\" received critical acclaim upon release, and placed on several year-end critics' lists for 2014. Upon release of the album, Popcaan was featured as the cover star on The Fader, garnered an 8.0 rating at Pitchfork, as well\",\n \"title\": \"Where We Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15581482\",\n \"text\": \"Where Soldiers Come From Where Soldiers Come From is a 2011 American documentary film directed by Heather Courtney. The film is an intimate look at a group of young American men who join the Michigan Army National Guard, their families, and the town they come from. Director Heather Courtney follows these young men closely, as they transition from small town teenagers to Army guardsmen during the war in Afghanistan. Their story continues to follow the 23-year-old veterans dealing with the less visible wounds of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and PTSD. It premiered at South by Southwest festival, where it won\",\n \"title\": \"Where Soldiers Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15581489\",\n \"text\": \"You, as well as an original score by composers Alex Chavez and Chad Stocker. Where Soldiers Come From Where Soldiers Come From is a 2011 American documentary film directed by Heather Courtney. The film is an intimate look at a group of young American men who join the Michigan Army National Guard, their families, and the town they come from. Director Heather Courtney follows these young men closely, as they transition from small town teenagers to Army guardsmen during the war in Afghanistan. Their story continues to follow the 23-year-old veterans dealing with the less visible wounds of Traumatic Brain\",\n \"title\": \"Where Soldiers Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16225581\",\n \"text\": \"September 2017. It would be the duo's final Top 10 hit. The music video was directed by Potsy Ponciroli and premiered in September 2011. Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) \\\"Where I Come From\\\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, \\\"Rebels on the Run\\\". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16225578\",\n \"text\": \"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) \\\"Where I Come From\\\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, \\\"Rebels on the Run\\\". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's previous singles, and that \\\"I feel like this song fits them, and I say that as a fan. I think that they can actually\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7883156\",\n \"text\": \"and remixed to become \\\"Come to Where I'm From\\\". As this was not the official finalized release, few promos were made. Note Come to Where I'm From Come to Where I'm From is the second studio album by Joseph Arthur released by Real World Records on April 11, 2000. The album was co-produced by T-Bone Burnett, and features the singles \\\"Chemical\\\" and \\\"In the Sun.\\\" Real World Records reissued the album in July 2012, as a part of their \\\"Real World Gold\\\" series. In the UK, there were two singles released from the album: On March 11, 1999, a promo\",\n \"title\": \"Come to Where I'm From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19937218\",\n \"text\": \"Where Do You Come From \\\"Where Do You Come From\\\" is a song first recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1962 motion picture \\\"Girls! Girls! Girls!\\\". Later it was rejected from the motion picture and wasn't used in it, but appeared on its soundtrack album \\\"Girls! Girls! Girls!\\\". The song was written by Ruth Bachelor and Bob Roberts. Elvis Presley recorded \\\"Where Do You Come From\\\" on March 27, 1962 — during his March 26-28 soundtrack recordings for the Paramount motion picture \\\"Girls! Girls! Girls!\\\" at the Radio Recorders studio in Hollywood, California. The song\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do You Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16269689\",\n \"text\": \"Back Where I Come From \\\"Back Where I Come From\\\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \\\"Simple Life\\\". The song reached number 14 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Its B-side, \\\"Company Time\\\", was later a single for Linda Davis in 1994. The song is a mid-tempo in which the narrator expresses nostalgia towards his hometown in Mississippi. Regarding its content, McAnally told \\\"American Songwriter\\\", \\\"When I wrote 'Back Where I Come From' I thought that it\",\n \"title\": \"Back Where I Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19937219\",\n \"text\": \"was released on a single as a flip side to \\\"Return to Sender\\\" in October 1962. \\\"Where Do You Come From\\\" peaked at number 99 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, while \\\"Return to Sender\\\" peaked at number 2. The title \\\"Return to Sender\\\" was certified Gold in the United States for selling a million copies. \\\"Billboard\\\" in 1962 called the song a \\\"croon ballad\\\". According to the book \\\"Elvis Films FAQ\\\", it is a \\\"slow, aching ballad\\\" that \\\"starts a bit like \\\"As Long As I Have You\\\"\\\" Where Do You Come From \\\"Where Do You Come From\\\" is a\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do You Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13273813\",\n \"text\": \"Where I Come From (album) Where I Come From is the fourteenth studio album by the American country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded in 2008, and released on the Woodstock Records label on June 2, 2009. Following \\\"\\\", \\\"Where I Come From\\\" was the second album recorded by the New Riders after they re-formed in 2005, with band co-founder David Nelson on guitar, long-time member Buddy Cage on pedal steel guitar, Hot Tuna alumnus Michael Falzarano on guitar, Ronnie Penque on bass, and Johnny Markowski on drums. It was the band's first studio\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11063384\",\n \"text\": \"find their maker, named Kenji and their questions are answered. Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Toys Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11063383\",\n \"text\": \"Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they begin their trip to Japan. In Japan, Zoom and Peepers\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Toys Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7883155\",\n \"text\": \"Come to Where I'm From Come to Where I'm From is the second studio album by Joseph Arthur released by Real World Records on April 11, 2000. The album was co-produced by T-Bone Burnett, and features the singles \\\"Chemical\\\" and \\\"In the Sun.\\\" Real World Records reissued the album in July 2012, as a part of their \\\"Real World Gold\\\" series. In the UK, there were two singles released from the album: On March 11, 1999, a promo CD titled Rusty Water was released via Virgin Records. The CD featured 13 tracks, most of which would later be re-recorded, edited,\",\n \"title\": \"Come to Where I'm From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13273818\",\n \"text\": \"with Nelson on a half dozen cuts and the long-time Grateful Dead lyricist demonstrates an elegant command of language on the title song, while the band's playing on a close to eight minute track is articulate in its own way... NRPS 2009 can excel when they improvise, as on the ten-minute plus of 'Ghost Train Blues', and the group would do well to jam more often and bring in more cover material, such as the traditional 'Them Old Minglewood Blues', to complement their originals.\\\" Where I Come From (album) Where I Come From is the fourteenth studio album by the\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15594054\",\n \"text\": \"especially young girls, experience adolescence and how her body changes. Where Do Teenagers Come From? Where Do Teenagers Come From? was an American television teen comedy/documentary that aired as an \\\"ABC Afterschool Special\\\" on March 5, 1980. The live action/animation program was produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and was a sequel to the 1977 program \\\"My Mom's Having a Baby.\\\" The special was notable for its signature song \\\"Growing Up,\\\" written by Doug Goodwin. When 12-year-old Kelly begins to experience changes in her body, she, along with Petey and Oscar, once again visit Dr. Lendon Smith, who uses an animated film\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do Teenagers Come From?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15594053\",\n \"text\": \"Where Do Teenagers Come From? Where Do Teenagers Come From? was an American television teen comedy/documentary that aired as an \\\"ABC Afterschool Special\\\" on March 5, 1980. The live action/animation program was produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and was a sequel to the 1977 program \\\"My Mom's Having a Baby.\\\" The special was notable for its signature song \\\"Growing Up,\\\" written by Doug Goodwin. When 12-year-old Kelly begins to experience changes in her body, she, along with Petey and Oscar, once again visit Dr. Lendon Smith, who uses an animated film that explains in detail (via Smith's narraration) of how teenagers,\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do Teenagers Come From?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11199600\",\n \"text\": \"of mankind, only to return and find it worse. It takes a departure from the dark and depressive lyrical content of their previous albums for a much more science fiction oriented feel. Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \\\"Did Tomorrow Come...\\\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \\\"Will Tomorrow Come?\\\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and\",\n \"title\": \"Did Tomorrow Come...\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11199599\",\n \"text\": \"Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \\\"Did Tomorrow Come...\\\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \\\"Will Tomorrow Come?\\\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and Death metal elements than in their earlier works. The album is a concept album about a time traveller who goes back and forth through time in order to prevent the dystopian future\",\n \"title\": \"Did Tomorrow Come...\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12637782\",\n \"text\": \"fell to number 2 on October 27, with Brooks & Dunn's \\\"Only in America\\\" taking over at Number One. The next week, \\\"Where I Come From\\\" returned to number 1 for a third and final week at the top. Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) \\\"Where I Come From\\\" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album \\\"When Somebody Loves You\\\". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country charts, his only number one from\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9434252\",\n \"text\": \"the album managed to sell more than 500,000 copies domestically. With thirty-eight weeks in the German Top 100, a platinum, and a gold certification the album became the eleventh successful album of 2002. Never Forget (Where You Come From) Never Forget (Where You Come From) is the debut studio album by German pop group Bro'Sis. It was released on January 21, 2002 on Cheyenne Records, Polydor and Zeitgeist. It was primarily produced by Toni Cottura, with additional production from Alex Christensen, Marc Mozart, Syndicate Music, and others. The album reached the top of the German, Austrian and Swiss albums chart\",\n \"title\": \"Never Forget (Where You Come From)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9434251\",\n \"text\": \"Never Forget (Where You Come From) Never Forget (Where You Come From) is the debut studio album by German pop group Bro'Sis. It was released on January 21, 2002 on Cheyenne Records, Polydor and Zeitgeist. It was primarily produced by Toni Cottura, with additional production from Alex Christensen, Marc Mozart, Syndicate Music, and others. The album reached the top of the German, Austrian and Swiss albums chart and spawned five singles, including number one single \\\"I Believe\\\" and a cover version of 98 Degrees' 1999 Christmas single \\\"The Gift\\\". Including its \\\"Special Winter Edition\\\" (released on November 11, 2002) and\",\n \"title\": \"Never Forget (Where You Come From)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358177\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \\\"Baby Love\\\", \\\"Come\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15581486\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"hauntingly beautiful and deeply felt...some of the best Afghanistan war-related storytelling I’ve seen.” In his review of the film, \\\"Time Magazine\\\"'s film critic Steven James Snyder called it an \\\"emotional and engrossing portrait of America's bravest.\\\" Matt Zoller Seitz of Salon claimed that \\\"the last 10 years have produced an array of documentaries about post-9/11 America, but few are as haunting and compassionate as Heather Courtney’s ‘Where Soldiers Come From.’” Salon also included the film in their list of \\\"the best nonfiction TV of 2011.\\\" Documentary filmmaker Michael Moore said the film was \\\"a profoundly moving experience. One of the\",\n \"title\": \"Where Soldiers Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11448578\",\n \"text\": \"an \\\"Access All Areas\\\" documentary, a \\\"World of Our Own\\\" featurette, a link to an exclusive website and a music video of \\\"When You're Looking Like That\\\" in Dolby Digital 2.0 & 5.1 sound. This was re-released in China into CD/DVD format. Release contains a free poster of the band and a booklet with the lyrics of the CD-songs translated to Chinese. With the same DVD track listing and bonus CD contains 5 live tracks from the same performance as the DVD: Where Dreams Come True Tour The Where Dreams Come True Tour was the second concert tour by Irish\",\n \"title\": \"Where Dreams Come True Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16225579\",\n \"text\": \"stand onstage and sing this song every night, and people are going to believe them because it’s where they come from, too.\\\" It is in the key of B-flat minor with a main chord pattern of Bm-G-D-A. Billy Dukes of \\\"Taste of Country\\\" gave the song three stars out of five, saying that it \\\"is better than anything Montgomery Gentry have released in two years, but they're getting by on memories.\\\" Bobby Peacock of \\\"Roughstock\\\" gave the song four stars out of five, calling the production \\\"a little more muscular and gritty than usual\\\" and the lyrics \\\"proud without being\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12637779\",\n \"text\": \"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) \\\"Where I Come From\\\" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album \\\"When Somebody Loves You\\\". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country charts, his only number one from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo which finds the narrator, a truck driver, traveling across the United States and finding himself in various situations that make him think about how life in other places is different from\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114568\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group The Supremes, released in 1964. The album includes several of the group's singles and B-sides from 1963 and 1964. Included are the group's first Billboard Pop Singles number-one hits, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\", \\\"Baby Love\\\", and \\\"Come See About Me\\\", as well as their first Top 40 hit, \\\"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\\\", and the singles \\\"A Breathtaking Guy\\\" and \\\"Run, Run, Run\\\". With the release of this album, The Supremes became the first act in\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16269690\",\n \"text\": \"was a hit, but also that it said something that I personally wanted to be the first to say.\\\" The song, the first cut on \\\"Simple Life\\\", has a play length of 3 minutes and 32 seconds; a 1-minute and 20 second reprise, performed by McAnally on piano with backing from the Nashville String Machine, is the album's sixth track. \\\"Back Where I Come From\\\" was covered by Kenny Chesney on his 1996 album \\\"Me and You\\\", produced by Barry Beckett. Chesney also included a live version of the song on his 2000 \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" album. Of Chesney's recordings, McAnally\",\n \"title\": \"Back Where I Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383714\",\n \"text\": \"Che Guvara, Walt Disney, Barack Obama, JFK, Muhammad Ali and \\\"Maréchal\\\" The 1st Duke of Magenta, the second President of the Third Republic. Many Irish people were also transported to the island of Montserrat, to work as indentured servants, exiled prisoners or slaves. Unlike African chattel slaves, the majority of Irish labourers who were sent to Montserrat did so by personal choice although they were tricked into doing so by the promise of payment and land of which they did not receive. Some were exiled by the English Oliver Cromwell due to the large Irish population and their attempted rebellion\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13273816\",\n \"text\": \"weepy side of the pedal steel in favor of something more stinging. These New Riders jam a bit more than the original ensemble, and they also rock a bit more.\\\" On Jambands.com, Brian Robbins said, \\\"Forget the 40 years of history; forget the dues paid and the groundwork laid for what came to be known as the jamband scene; forget the family tree whose roots are tightly entwined with those of the Dead; just forget all that stuff and throw on a copy of the New Riders of the Purple Sage \\\"Where I Come From\\\". Pretend it's the debut album\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13273815\",\n \"text\": \"by a bonus disc called Where I Come From: Radio Mixes & Live Bonus. On Allmusic, William Ruhlmann wrote, \\\"But the heart of the album — seven songs out of 12 — is the work of the new songwriting team of Nelson and Robert Hunter... Hunter comes up with his typically aphoristic, imagistic, and vernacular words (particularly on the title song) and Nelson matches them with catchy, country-tinged melodies that the band plays in frisky country-rock roadhouse arrangements. This may be San Francisco music, but Bakersfield doesn't seem far away as the guitars go twangy and Cage plays down the\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13273814\",\n \"text\": \"album in 17 years, since 1992's \\\"Midnight Moonlight\\\". The music for seven of the songs on the album was written by David Nelson, with lyrics by Robert Hunter, who wrote the lyrics for many Grateful Dead songs. Four of the other five songs were also written by current band members. In 2010, a version of the song \\\"Olivia Rose\\\", written by Ronnie Penque, appeared on his album \\\"Only Road Home\\\". The cover of \\\"Where I Come From\\\" was illustrated by Stanley Mouse, an artist known for his many concert posters and album covers. Some copies of the album were accompanied\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2810341\",\n \"text\": \"Boston, acquired it from the Marie Harriman Gallery on 16 April 1936. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \\\"P. Gauguin / 1897\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2810334\",\n \"text\": \"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \\\"P. Gauguin / 1897\\\". The painting was created in Tahiti, and is in the Museum of\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383696\",\n \"text\": \"an \\\"assembly\\\", where the Brehons would hold their courts upon hills to arbitrate the matters of the lordship. Indeed, the Tudor lawyer John Davies described the Irish people with respect to their laws: Another English commentator records that the assemblies were attended by \\\"all the scum of the country\\\"—the labouring population as well as the landowners. While the distinction between \\\"free\\\" and \\\"unfree\\\" elements of the Irish people was unreal in legal terms, it was a social and economic reality. Social mobility was usually downwards, due to social and economic pressures. The ruling clan's \\\"expansion from the top downwards\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383677\",\n \"text\": \"this hypothesis, Quinn explains phenotypical similarities between the \\\"Atlantean Irish\\\" and the populations of Iberia and the Berbers. Quinn's Atlantean thesis has not been accepted by the Irish academic establishment, who have criticised it is as non-scholarly and lacking hard evidence to back his theories. Afro-Caribbean people descended from Irish settlers in the Caribbean, especially those on Barbados and Montserrat, are referred to as \\\"Black Irish\\\". The people concerned often have Irish surnames, speak a form of Caribbean English influenced by the Irish vernacular and, in some cases, sing Irish songs. One Roman historian records that the Irish people were\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12103259\",\n \"text\": \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come \\\"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\\\" is an English Christian harvest festival hymn written in 1844 by Henry Alford. It is often sung to the tune \\\"St. George's, Windsor\\\" by George Job Elvey. Alford wrote \\\"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\\\" in 1844 while he was the rector of Aston Standford church in Buckinghamshire, England. It was first published in \\\"Hymns and Psalms\\\" in 1844 with seven verses under the title \\\"After Harvest\\\". \\\"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\\\" was set to George J. Elvey's hymn tune \\\"St. George's, Windsor\\\" in 1858. In 1865, Alford revised the hymn,\",\n \"title\": \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12103263\",\n \"text\": \"since the beginning of time, but it was the one he could remember best. <poem> 1. Come, ye thankful people, come, 2. We ourselves are God's own field, 3. For the Lord our God shall come, 4. Then, thou Church triumphant come, </poem> \\\"Lyrics in Public Domain\\\" <poem> 2. All this world is God's own field, </poem> <poem> 3. For we know that thou wilt come, </poem> <poem> 4. Come then, Lord of mercy, come, </poem> Come, Ye Thankful People, Come \\\"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\\\" is an English Christian harvest festival hymn written in 1844 by Henry Alford. It\",\n \"title\": \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12637781\",\n \"text\": \"verse comes a chorus where the narrator explains how the road life is different. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the song favorably in his review of the album, calling it a \\\"redneck anthem\\\" that \\\"rocks a little harder with a ZZ Top-styled guitar\\\". \\\"Where I Come From\\\" re-entered the chart as a single at number 58 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 14, 2001. The song reached its peak position of number 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country charts for the week of October 13. It held the position on October 20, then\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383679\",\n \"text\": \"of the Irish people: The introduction of Christianity to the Irish people during the 5th century brought a radical change to the Irish people's foreign relations. The only military raid abroad recorded after that century is a presumed invasion of Wales, which according to a Welsh manuscript may have taken place around the 7th century. In the words of Seumas MacManus: Following the conversion of the Irish to Christianity, Irish secular laws and social institutions remained in place. The 'traditional' view is that, in the 4th or 5th century, Gaelic language and culture was brought to Scotland by settlers from\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12103262\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Marigold/Harvest Home\\\" on the Sails of Silver album. \\\"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\\\" was used in the \\\"All is Safely Gathered In\\\" episode of British sitcom \\\"Dad's Army\\\" where it is performed by a drunk Walmington-on-Sea platoon at a harvest service. Some scholars assert that this hymn is the one sung by the Cabby in C. S. Lewis's children's book \\\"The Magician's Nephew\\\" before the creation of Narnia: He struck up at once a harvest thanksgiving hymn, all about crops being \\\"safely gathered in.\\\" It was not very suitable to a place which felt as if nothing had grown there\",\n \"title\": \"Come, Ye Thankful People, Come\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11939649\",\n \"text\": \"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" and \\\"My Sweet Lord,\\\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \\\"Where Did They Go\\\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \\\"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\\\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13279845\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\\\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13279844\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \\\"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\\\". The Allmusic review of \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" by Lindsay Planer said\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16225580\",\n \"text\": \"boastful.\\\" Ben Foster of \\\"Country Universe\\\" gave the song a C, writing that \\\"by relying so heavily on overused formulas, it’s like they're running around in circles in terms of creativity.\\\" \\\"Where I Come From\\\" debuted at number 59 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of July 30, 2011. In March 2012, it became Montgomery Gentry's first Top 10 hit since 2009's \\\"One in Every Crowd,\\\" and ultimately peaked at No. 8. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 8, 2016. It has sold 484,000 copies in the United States as of\",\n \"title\": \"Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358181\",\n \"text\": \"letter\\\" formula. Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard's vocal contribution was significant in bringing a fresh yet hypnotic sexiness to the overall sound of the song while remaining true to the backup arrangements that Lamont Dozier had set down. Upon hearing the song's playback, an excited Ross rushed to Gordy's office and told him to come to the studio to listen to the song. Upon hearing playback, a satisfied Gordy nodded saying to the producers and the group that the song had potential to be a top ten hit. \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was released as a single on June\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2810335\",\n \"text\": \"Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, US. Gauguin had been a student at the Petit Séminaire de La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin, just outside Orléans, from the age of eleven to the age of sixteen. His subjects there included a class in Catholic liturgy; the teacher for this class was the Bishop of Orléans, Félix-Antoine-Philibert Dupanloup. Dupanloup had devised his own catechism to be lodged in the minds of the young schoolboys, and to lead them towards proper spiritual reflections on the nature of life. The three fundamental questions in this catechism were: \\\"Where does humanity come from?\\\" \\\"Where is it going to?\\\", \\\"How\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15581483\",\n \"text\": \"the best documentary editing award. In 2012, the film won a News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story (Long Form), as well as the Truer Than Fiction Independent Spirit Award. Motivated by a variety of reasons from college tuition support, to a sense of purpose, best friends Dominic and Cole join the Army National Guard after graduating from their rural high school. After persuading several of their friends to join them, the young men are sent to Afghanistan as part of the 107th Engineer Battalion, 168th Engineer Brigade, where they are tasked with searching\",\n \"title\": \"Where Soldiers Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7316937\",\n \"text\": \"was bought out by Sony, and the ensuing disruption meant that this plan was shelved. After the band's split the three members negotiated a release from their contracts. How Did It Ever Come to This? \\\"How Did it Ever Come to This?\\\" was the last single released by the British band Easyworld. It did not appear on their second and final album \\\"Kill the Last Romantic\\\", because it had not yet been written. The band's record label Jive decided the band should record a new track as it was felt none of the tracks on the album were suitable for\",\n \"title\": \"How Did It Ever Come to This?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383692\",\n \"text\": \"name was dropped in favor of a new, Hiberno-Norman form. Another common Irish surname of Norman Irish origin is the 'de' habitational prefix, meaning 'of' and originally signifying prestige and land ownership. Examples include de Búrca (Burke), de Brún, de Barra (Barry), de Stac (Stack), de Tiúit, de Faoite (White), de Londras (Landers), de Paor (Power). The Irish surname \\\"Walsh\\\" (in Gaelic \\\"Breathnach\\\") was routinely given to settlers of Welsh origin, who had come during and after the Norman invasion. The Joyce and Griffin/Griffith (Gruffydd) families are also of Welsh origin. The Mac Lochlainn, Ó Maol Seachlainn, Ó Maol Seachnaill,\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383723\",\n \"text\": \"value their happiness hereafter, never to set foot on the Argentine Republic however tempted to do so they may be by offers of a passage or an assurance of comfortable homes.\\\" Some famous Argentines of Irish descent include Che Guevara, former president Edelmiro Julián Farrell, and admiral William Brown. There are people of Irish descent all over South America, such as the Chilean liberator Bernardo O'Higgins and the Peruvian photographer Mario Testino. Although some Irish retained their surnames intact, others were assimilated into the Spanish vernacular. The last name \\\"O'Brien\\\", for example, became \\\"Obregón\\\". People of Irish descent are also\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383695\",\n \"text\": \"of Madrid and it was an Irishman named Patrick Maguire who was the first to set foot in the Americas in 1492; however, according to Morison and Miss Gould, who made a detailed study of the crew list of 1492, no Irish or English sailors were involved in the voyage. An English report of 1515 states that the Irish people were divided into over sixty Gaelic lordships and thirty Anglo-Irish lordships. The English term for these lordships was \\\"nation\\\" or \\\"country\\\". The Irish term \\\"\\\"oireacht\\\"\\\" referred to both the territory and the people ruled by the lord. Literally, it meant\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19389542\",\n \"text\": \"particular merit. Joe Dziemianowicz of the \\\"New York Daily News\\\" called the show \\\"big-hearted and crowd-pleasing\\\" and \\\"a singing reminder that when things are at their worst, people can be at their best.\\\" Joe Westerfield with \\\"Newsweek\\\" wrote that \\\"'Come From Away' accomplishes what all the best musicals do: It takes you to a place where you didn't know you wanted to go, and makes you not want to leave.\\\" Frank Scheck of \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" called the musical \\\"heartwarming and thoroughly entertaining [...] especially in these politically fractious times.\\\" Johnny Oleksinski with the \\\"New York Post\\\" wrote that \\\"Every\",\n \"title\": \"Come from Away\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358184\",\n \"text\": \"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5869828\",\n \"text\": \"March 11, 2012. Written by, Tom Black and Terry McEldowney, A.K.A. The Irish Choir <poem> We're the Windy City Irish-where the craic is always best Where every day is Paddy's Day and everyone's a guest If you're Irish on the North Side or Irish on the West Welcome to the South Side come join our Irish Fest! (Chorus) We're the South Side Irish as our fathers were before We come from the Windy City and we're Irish to the core From Bridgeport to Beverly from Midway to South Shore We're the South Side Irish-Let's sing it out once more! Our\",\n \"title\": \"South Side Irish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15581485\",\n \"text\": \"the home front and how each of them, and their families try to return to normal life. The film received almost universal critical acclaim following both its theatrical release and its national broadcast on the award-winning PBS series POV. Jeannette Catsoulis of \\\"The New York Times\\\" called it \\\"quietly devastating\\\" and said, \\\"in its compassionate, modest gaze, the real cost of distant political decisions is softly illuminated, as well as the shame of a country with little to offer its less fortunate young people than a ticket to a battlefield.” Hank Stuever of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" stated that it was\",\n \"title\": \"Where Soldiers Come From\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11939648\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \\\"Is That All There Is?\\\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \\\"My Rock And Foundation\\\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" (backed by \\\"All I Want\\\") as a 45\\\" single\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903016\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" was also included on \\\"The Final\\\" and \\\"Music from the Edge of Heaven\\\" albums. George Michael's arrangement of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is relatively faithful to the original Was (Not Was) version making only subtle changes to the song's instrumentation and structure. Michael alters the song by dropping the opening chorus in favour of an instrumental introduction of the chorus melody. The subdued ending is protracted in the Wham! recording, where the Was (Not Was) original quickly fades out after the completion of the final chorus; Michael's arrangement continues for an additional half a\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5490750\",\n \"text\": \"Let My People Come Let My People Come is the title of an explicit musical written by Earl Wilson, Jr. about love, sex and relationships, which ran from January 8, 1974 to July 5, 1976 in New York City, at The Village Gate in Greenwich Village. Subtitled \\\"A Sexual Musical,\\\" the show began previews on Broadway on July 7, 1976 at the Morosco Theatre and closed on October 2, 1976 after 108 performances without officially opening. Its music and lyrics were by Earl Wilson, Jr. The show featured songs with titles like \\\"I'm Gay,\\\" \\\"Come in My Mouth,\\\" \\\"Give It\",\n \"title\": \"Let My People Come\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579998\",\n \"text\": \"too much information. News channels, the internet and social networking sites. People aren't leaving their bedrooms and it's just crazy. The things that make you most happy are quite simple. That song is looking for the romantic image of life, when people looked out for each other.\\\" According to Serge Pizzorno, the song's music video was inspired by Kenneth Anger's films like Scorpio Rising, Busby Berkeley and French cabaret. Following its release in August 2009, \\\"Where Did All the Love Go?\\\" entered the UK Singles Chart at a peak of #30. Although not as successful as the previous single \\\"\\\"Fire\\\"\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286203\",\n \"text\": \"the original photo shoot with Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones. Adapted from AllMusic. Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \\\"UNKLE Blog\\\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \\\"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\\\", was made\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286202\",\n \"text\": \"UNKLE revealed that \\\"Where Did the Night Fall\\\" would be re-released as \\\"Where Did the Night Fall – Another Night Out\\\". The first disc will contain the same songs that are on the original album but the second disc contains material from two of UNKLE's previous EPs, plus a number of exclusive and rare tracks. It was released on 11 April 2011. The standard edition comes packaged as a double jewel case with a 16-page booklet. The limited edition comes in a gold outer slipcase featuring a fully re-worked 16-page board book and 32-page booklet with new exclusive shots from\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5289873\",\n \"text\": \"populist politics and her cultivated vocabulary, singling out the lyrics to \\\"Myths\\\": \\\"I don't know about The People, but just plain people say 'scattered upon the four winds,' not 'upon the four winds scattered.' Actually they don't say 'scattered upon the four winds' either\\\". AllMusic's William Ruhlmann later gave it three out of five stars. Come from the Shadows Come from the Shadows was a 1972 album by Joan Baez. After recording for the independent label Vanguard for more than a decade, Baez signed with A&M, and attempted to point her career in a slightly more \\\"commercial\\\" direction (though the\",\n \"title\": \"Come from the Shadows\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7316935\",\n \"text\": \"How Did It Ever Come to This? \\\"How Did it Ever Come to This?\\\" was the last single released by the British band Easyworld. It did not appear on their second and final album \\\"Kill the Last Romantic\\\", because it had not yet been written. The band's record label Jive decided the band should record a new track as it was felt none of the tracks on the album were suitable for release. The single charted at #50 in September 2004, missing the top 40 after \\\"Til the Day\\\" charted at #27 in February. Easyworld announced their split the following\",\n \"title\": \"How Did It Ever Come to This?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3383721\",\n \"text\": \"of the largest self-reported ethnic groups in Australia, after English and Australian. In the 2006 Census, 1,803,741 residents identified themselves as having Irish ancestry either alone or in combination with another ancestry. However this figure does not include Australians with an Irish background who chose to nominate themselves as 'Australian' or other ancestries. The Australian embassy in Dublin states that up to 30 percent of the population claim some degree of Irish ancestry. It is believed that as many as 30,000 Irish people emigrated to Argentina between the 1830s and the 1890s. This was encouraged by the clergy, as they\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903014\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go? \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Wheel Me Out\\\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \\\"Was (Not Was)\\\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \\\"It's an Attack!\\\" as the B-side. A live recording of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286200\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \\\"UNKLE Blog\\\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \\\"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\\\", was made available digitally via Beatport and iTunes. On the download was followed by a remix EP\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579887\",\n \"text\": \"her 1992 album \\\"Entre a Mi Mundo\\\". Where Did the Feeling Go? \\\"Where Did the Feeling Go?\\\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \\\"Selena\\\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579886\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go? \\\"Where Did the Feeling Go?\\\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \\\"Selena\\\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the \\\"20 Years of Music\\\" version of\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5490765\",\n \"text\": \"the song, which openly borrows the melody from \\\"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\\\" by Don Raye and Hughie Prince, \\\"could not be construed as a burlesque of plaintiff's work per se\\\", but was merely a \\\"commentary on an era\\\" and therefore was not protected by fair use. As a result, the defendants were found liable for copyright infringement. Let My People Come Let My People Come is the title of an explicit musical written by Earl Wilson, Jr. about love, sex and relationships, which ran from January 8, 1974 to July 5, 1976 in New York City, at The Village Gate\",\n \"title\": \"Let My People Come\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13922093\",\n \"text\": \"consist of Irish Papists\\\" who he said had \\\"been pouring in upon us in such sholes as of late years\\\". In the mid-18th century, Irish native names such as O'Hara and O'Connor were prominent, as well as Old English families like Talbot and Martin. Names present in 1837, recorded during the compensation hearings, include Walsh, O'Meally, O'Sullivan, Burke, Hennessy, Boyle, Tierney, Geoghagan, Dillon. The Irish Gaelic language poet Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin wrote his only English-language work in Port Royal, Jamaica while serving on an English naval vessel. Irish people in Jamaica Irish people in Jamaica or Irish Jamaicans, are\",\n \"title\": \"Irish people in Jamaica\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["ireland"],"string":"[\n \"ireland\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1185,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what represents ghana?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"152600","text":"of military officers overthrew Nkrumah in a coup d'état and placed Ghana under the authority of the National Liberation Council. The flag of Ghana, consisting of the colours red, gold, green, and a black star, became the new flag in 1957 when Gold Coast gained its name Ghana. It was designed by Theodosia Salome Okoh; the red represents the blood that was shed towards independence, the gold represents the industrial minerals wealth of Ghana, the green symbolises the rich grasslands of Ghana, and the black star is the symbol of the Ghanaian people and African emancipation. Nkrumah was the first","title":"Ghana"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152600\",\n \"text\": \"of military officers overthrew Nkrumah in a coup d'état and placed Ghana under the authority of the National Liberation Council. The flag of Ghana, consisting of the colours red, gold, green, and a black star, became the new flag in 1957 when Gold Coast gained its name Ghana. It was designed by Theodosia Salome Okoh; the red represents the blood that was shed towards independence, the gold represents the industrial minerals wealth of Ghana, the green symbolises the rich grasslands of Ghana, and the black star is the symbol of the Ghanaian people and African emancipation. Nkrumah was the first\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1304729","text":"advanced culture, and the interests of the overwhelming majority. The formal statement of the theory is: One possible interpretation of the \"Three Represents\": One of the main goals of the Three Represents is to change the Communist Party of China into a governmental and more democratic party. This opens up the Party to \"the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people\", as well as businessmen and managers. This makes for a party (\"dǎng\" 党) that is much more attractive for a greater number of people. The Theory of the Three Represents is another expansion to what the government of China would","title":"Three Represents"},{"psg_id":"20403201","text":"This is a feature also of other postcode systems, although open postcode systems are also available. Postal codes in Ghana Postal codes were adopted in Ghana on October 18, 2017, following the launch of the National Digital Address System. As a joint venture between Ghana Post and Vokacom Ltd as GhanaPost GPS, the Digital Address System assigned postal codes and unique addresses to every 5 meter square in Ghana. Ghana's postal codes are alphanumeric. The first two characters form the postcode district - the first letter represents the region, and the second character represents the district in which the address","title":"Postal codes in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"20403197","text":"Postal codes in Ghana Postal codes were adopted in Ghana on October 18, 2017, following the launch of the National Digital Address System. As a joint venture between Ghana Post and Vokacom Ltd as GhanaPost GPS, the Digital Address System assigned postal codes and unique addresses to every 5 meter square in Ghana. Ghana's postal codes are alphanumeric. The first two characters form the postcode district - the first letter represents the region, and the second character represents the district in which the address is located. The next three to five digits represent the postcode area and identify a more","title":"Postal codes in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"12909754","text":"protected also encouraged other merchants to come to Ghana and trade. With the amount of protection on the trade routes and the large number of trade routes, Ghana was given the nickname The Gold Coast. Because so many people trade through Ghana, Ghana was essentially a melting pot, spreading ideas, culture, technology and other aspects of what makes different societies what they were. Eventually the Kingdom of Ghana came to its downfall; a decline in power. Ghana was attacked by other regions who were in need of the resources that Ghana possessed. The Kingdom of Ghana eventually merged with Mali,","title":"Ghana Empire"},{"psg_id":"11614477","text":"Ghana–Nigeria relations Ghana–Nigeria relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Pre-colonial relations between the peoples who occupy what is Ghana and Nigeria today are mainly orally told stories which are hard to prove. The countries may share some historical ethnic ties but those ties are not as clear and provable as ties with countries that directly border each country. What is clear is the fact that there has always been trade between peoples who occupy what is now Ghana and Nigeria. The colonial era is what increased the relationship","title":"Ghana–Nigeria relations"},{"psg_id":"152623","text":"in Ghana. Sometimes old women in Ghana are accused of witchcraft, particularly in rural Ghana. Issues of witchcraft mainly remain as speculations based on superstitions within families. In some parts of northern Ghana, there exists what is called a witch camp. This is said to house a total of around 1,000 people accused of witchcraft. The Ghanaian government has announced that it intends to close the camps. While women in Ghana are given equal rights under the constitution of Ghana, disparities in education, employment, and health for women remain prevalent. Ghana is an average natural resource enriched country possessing industrial","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"9917471","text":"coaching the Teams. Both of Paul Sackey's Parents are from Ghana and the England International even wore the Ghana National Rugby shirt. Ghana national rugby union team The Ghana national rugby union team represents Ghana in international rugby union. Ghana are not a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and had not played in a Rugby World Cup tournament. Ghana played their first international game during the 2003 season, and defeated Mauritania by 29 points to 8. Since then there have been a number of youth teams in Ghana; the under-18 team won a junior rugby competition. The National","title":"Ghana national rugby union team"},{"psg_id":"9917468","text":"Ghana national rugby union team The Ghana national rugby union team represents Ghana in international rugby union. Ghana are not a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and had not played in a Rugby World Cup tournament. Ghana played their first international game during the 2003 season, and defeated Mauritania by 29 points to 8. Since then there have been a number of youth teams in Ghana; the under-18 team won a junior rugby competition. The National Team itself has hosted a tournament and had some credible results on the field. After forming in 2005, the Ghana National Rugby","title":"Ghana national rugby union team"},{"psg_id":"8695591","text":"Ghana had made only 74/9 from its 20 overs, but managed to bowl Uganda (a previous winner of the tournament) out for 69. In August 2018, they were included in the 2018 Africa T20 Cup tournament. However, Ghana declined Cricket South Africa's invite to compete in the tournament, and were replaced by Uganda. Ghana's squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five in September 2017 were the following players: Ghana national cricket team The Ghana national cricket team represents the Republic of Ghana in international cricket. It is an associate member of the International Cricket Council, which it","title":"Ghana national cricket team"},{"psg_id":"8695579","text":"Ghana national cricket team The Ghana national cricket team represents the Republic of Ghana in international cricket. It is an associate member of the International Cricket Council, which it joined as an affiliate member in 2002, and mainly plays matches in ICC Africa tournaments. Ghana Cricket Association promotes the sport in the country. A team representing the British Gold Coast played its first recorded match in 1904, and international matches from 1907. Known as Ghana after independence in 1957, until recent times the majority of the team's matches came against other West African teams, and occasionally against touring English teams.","title":"Ghana national cricket team"},{"psg_id":"18459470","text":"to look into the process. Chief Imam of Ghana Chief Imam of Ghana (\"also referred to as\" National Chief Imam \"or\" Grand Mufti of Ghana, \"or simply\" Chief Imam) is a de facto title for the highest Muslim religious authority in Ghana. Not necessarily leader of any Islamic sect, holder of the office represents the Ghanaian Muslim community in national affairs, build bridges between the country's many faiths and \"support development programmes that sensitize people to their social responsibilities\". There have been calls for Government of Ghana to give constitutional backing to the \"Chief Imam\"'s office; as of January 2016,","title":"Chief Imam of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"18459469","text":"Chief Imam of Ghana Chief Imam of Ghana (\"also referred to as\" National Chief Imam \"or\" Grand Mufti of Ghana, \"or simply\" Chief Imam) is a de facto title for the highest Muslim religious authority in Ghana. Not necessarily leader of any Islamic sect, holder of the office represents the Ghanaian Muslim community in national affairs, build bridges between the country's many faiths and \"support development programmes that sensitize people to their social responsibilities\". There have been calls for Government of Ghana to give constitutional backing to the \"Chief Imam\"'s office; as of January 2016, no major initiative has begun","title":"Chief Imam of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"17475813","text":"Ghana national basketball team The Ghana national basketball team represents Ghana in international competitions. It is administered by the Amateur Basketball Association of Ghana (GBBA). Ghana's senior national team only plays friendly games, despite its potentials and to the dismay of its fans. Ghanaian basketball players have played in some of the world's strongest leagues such as the US-based NCAA or the Spanish Liga ACB. The country does have a U-18 national team that competes at the FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship. Ghana is Africa's most populous nation to never qualify for a major international basketball tournament. \"never entered qualifying round\"","title":"Ghana national basketball team"},{"psg_id":"18273854","text":"comprises players who are in the Ghana Representative squad for the 2014 season. Ghana national rugby league team the Ghana national rugby league team represents Ghana in the sport of rugby league. Coming into existence in 2012, the Ghanaian Rugby League project was started up by the Rugby League European Federation (RLEF) and UK Sport International’s programme after Rugby League 9s were introduced as a Category 3 Sport by the Commonwealth Sports Committee. Various visits from UK clubs and officials helped create various school and university competitions within Ghana. Ghana had their first \"official\" fixture against international opposition in 2014.","title":"Ghana national rugby league team"},{"psg_id":"17475814","text":"\"never entered qualifying round\" \"never entered qualifying round\" \"never entered qualifying round\" Because of the unavailability of a national team, Ghanaian-born basketball players often opt to represent other national teams. Current notable Ghanaian-born players include: Ghana national basketball team The Ghana national basketball team represents Ghana in international competitions. It is administered by the Amateur Basketball Association of Ghana (GBBA). Ghana's senior national team only plays friendly games, despite its potentials and to the dismay of its fans. Ghanaian basketball players have played in some of the world's strongest leagues such as the US-based NCAA or the Spanish Liga ACB.","title":"Ghana national basketball team"},{"psg_id":"14082218","text":"limited studies that have been conducted into the effects of salt production on birdlife have to date not demonstrated an immediate serious adverse effect. Salt industry in Ghana The Ghanaian salt industry as of 2009 produces between 250,000 and 300,000 tonnes of salt annually. The Ghana Export Promotion Council (GEPC) has identified the sector as an important one to aid the diversification of Ghana's economy, and the Ghanaian government is currently within the process of developing the industry. Ghana has the production potential of 2.2 million tonnes of salt annually. Economists in Ghana believe the nation's salt industry represents a","title":"Salt industry in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"14082212","text":"Salt industry in Ghana The Ghanaian salt industry as of 2009 produces between 250,000 and 300,000 tonnes of salt annually. The Ghana Export Promotion Council (GEPC) has identified the sector as an important one to aid the diversification of Ghana's economy, and the Ghanaian government is currently within the process of developing the industry. Ghana has the production potential of 2.2 million tonnes of salt annually. Economists in Ghana believe the nation's salt industry represents a potential source of revenue from Nigerian purchasers who currently rely on Brazilian imports. The GEPC has requested that the Commonwealth Secretariat establish a framework","title":"Salt industry in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"18273853","text":"Ghana national rugby league team the Ghana national rugby league team represents Ghana in the sport of rugby league. Coming into existence in 2012, the Ghanaian Rugby League project was started up by the Rugby League European Federation (RLEF) and UK Sport International’s programme after Rugby League 9s were introduced as a Category 3 Sport by the Commonwealth Sports Committee. Various visits from UK clubs and officials helped create various school and university competitions within Ghana. Ghana had their first \"official\" fixture against international opposition in 2014. Their opponents were the Great Britain Pioneers Rugby League squad. The following list","title":"Ghana national rugby league team"},{"psg_id":"20512034","text":"The team's largest victories came on 29 March 1998 and 11 July 2004 when they defeated Guinea by 11–0 and 13–0, respectively. Their worst loss is 11–0 against Germany on 22 July 2016. Between 1991 and 2018, Ghana played 120 international matches, resulting in 66 victories, 22 draws and 32 defeats. As of September 2018, the Black Queens are ranked 47th in the FIFA Women's World Rankings. Ghana women's national football team results The Ghana women's national football team represents Ghana in women's association football and is administered by the Ghana Football Association (GFA); the association is affiliated to the","title":"Ghana women's national football team results"},{"psg_id":"15736544","text":"Ghana national under-23 football team Ghana U23 football team (also known as Ghana Olympic football team or Black Meteors), represents Ghana in international football competitions in Olympic Games, All-Africa Games, and CAF U-23 Championship. The selection is limited to players aged 23 and under the age of 23, except during the Olympic Games where the use of three overage players is allowed. The team is controlled by the Ghana Football Association (GFA). The team had qualified for five straight Olympic Games Football Tournaments when the tournament was still a full senior national team competition. In 1992, they became the first","title":"Ghana national under-23 football team"},{"psg_id":"15736547","text":"Games has been an under-23 tournament since 1991.\" Head coach: Malik Jabir Ghana national under-23 football team Ghana U23 football team (also known as Ghana Olympic football team or Black Meteors), represents Ghana in international football competitions in Olympic Games, All-Africa Games, and CAF U-23 Championship. The selection is limited to players aged 23 and under the age of 23, except during the Olympic Games where the use of three overage players is allowed. The team is controlled by the Ghana Football Association (GFA). The team had qualified for five straight Olympic Games Football Tournaments when the tournament was still","title":"Ghana national under-23 football team"},{"psg_id":"20512033","text":"Ghana women's national football team results The Ghana women's national football team represents Ghana in women's association football and is administered by the Ghana Football Association (GFA); the association is affiliated to the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Football has been played in the country since 1903, organised by the national association since 8 September 1957. In 1991, the Black Queens were \"hurriedly assembled\" ahead of their first official match during the qualifying rounds for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup, a 5–1 defeat against Nigeria on 16 February 1991 — the first women's association football match on African ground.","title":"Ghana women's national football team results"},{"psg_id":"11084036","text":"Ghana national under-17 football team The Ghana national U-17 football team known as the \"Black Starlets\", is the youngest team that represents Ghana in football. They are two-time FIFA U-17 World Cup Champions in 1991 and 1995 and a two-time Runner-up in 1993 and 1997. Ghana has participated in nine of the 17 World Cup events starting with their first in Scotland 1989 through dominating the competition in the 1990s where at one time they qualified for 4 consecutive World Cup finals in Italy 1991, Japan 1993, Ecuador 1995 and Egypt 1997 to their most recent participation in South Korea","title":"Ghana national under-17 football team"},{"psg_id":"1304730","text":"define as \"allies\". Over the years, the number of people that could in fact still be defined as \"class enemies\" kept reducing, seeing how the number of people that belonged to the \"wavering middle\" (people that were not allies, but could in fact not threaten the Party's regime) increased. Three Represents The Three Represents or the important thought of Three Represents is a guiding socio-political theory credited to Jiang Zemin, which was ratified by the Communist Party of China at the Sixteenth Party Congress in 2002. Jiang Zemin first introduced his theory on February 25, 2000 while on an inspection","title":"Three Represents"},{"psg_id":"1304728","text":"Three Represents The Three Represents or the important thought of Three Represents is a guiding socio-political theory credited to Jiang Zemin, which was ratified by the Communist Party of China at the Sixteenth Party Congress in 2002. Jiang Zemin first introduced his theory on February 25, 2000 while on an inspection tour in Maoming, Guangdong province. He was attempting a comprehensive summary of the party's historical experience and how to adapt to new situations and tasks when he stated: The official statement of the ideology stipulates that the Communist Party of China should be representative to advanced social productive forces,","title":"Three Represents"},{"psg_id":"13476125","text":"illegal under civil law. They are arguably considered to be legal under customary law. Men in polygamous marriages can more easily transfer the costs of childbearing and rearing to women. The religions that consist in Ghana currently are 12 percent Muslim, 38 percent traditionalist, 41 percent Christian, and the rest (about 9 percent) other. There were points of conflict in terms of marriage where the Islamic and traditional beliefs support polygamy while Christian beliefs support monogamy against polygamy. Nevertheless, religious tolerance in Ghana is very high. With that, polygamy has existed all over Africa because it represents aspects of their","title":"Polygamy in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"18735978","text":"Ghana Water Company Ghana Water Company (formerly Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited) is the majority provider of water utility services in Ghana. In the pre-colonial era, inhabitants of what is now Ghana primarily drew their water directly from natural sources such as streams, lakes, and rivers. Prior to World War I, the first public water system was established in the then Gold coast by the British who were then colonizing the Gold Coast. In by that time the 1920s, other major towns and cities started having water systems which were built purposely to be used","title":"Ghana Water Company"},{"psg_id":"15943453","text":"Ghana Bar Association The Ghana Bar Association (GBA) is a professional association of lawyers in Ghana, including what used to be called solicitors and barristers but are now called legal practitioners, as well as magistrates. By convention all lawyers admitted to practice in Ghana become automatic members of the association. The first president of the Ghanaian Bar was Sierra Leonean lawyer Frans Dove. The British parliament established the Supreme Court of Judicature for the Gold Coast Colony in 1876, with a Chief Justice and no more than four Puisne Justices. John Mensah Sarbah was the first native of Ghana to","title":"Ghana Bar Association"},{"psg_id":"10574229","text":"Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana The Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana (\"Ewe:Presbyteria Nyanyui Hame le Ghana\") is a Protestant Christian denomination in Ghana. It is popularly referred to as the \"EP Church\". It has strong roots in the Evangelical and Reformed traditions. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Ghana was founded by German missionaries on November 14, 1847 in Peki. These missionaries from the North German Mission Society (\"Norddeutsche Mission, Bremen\"), together with the Basel Mission in 1847, started work among the Ewe people in what is now the Volta Region of Ghana. By the beginning of World War I, they had established two","title":"Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana"},{"psg_id":"16609161","text":"each level. GNMTA currently has a strength of about three thousand persons including students and interns. The Ghana Nurse and Midwife Trainees Association is the official voice of student nurses and midwives including interns across the length and breadth of Ghana. The association represents student nurses and midwives including interns in all issues pertaining to welfare, discipline, and academics. The association is also an affiliate to the Ghana Registered Nurses Association (GRNA). The president of the association is Sarpong Ernest. The immediate past president is Andy Tetteh Hollyfield. The association had its annual congress on 8 to 12 October 2013","title":"Ghana Nurse and Midwife Trainees Association"},{"psg_id":"15943457","text":"been sacked for demanding bribes. Then GBA President Frank Beecham said the association would fight corruption in all its forms. The GBA would establish a complaints unit to take complaints about corruption and ensure that offenders were prosecuted. Ghana Bar Association The Ghana Bar Association (GBA) is a professional association of lawyers in Ghana, including what used to be called solicitors and barristers but are now called legal practitioners, as well as magistrates. By convention all lawyers admitted to practice in Ghana become automatic members of the association. The first president of the Ghanaian Bar was Sierra Leonean lawyer Frans","title":"Ghana Bar Association"},{"psg_id":"11614482","text":"Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country. Ghana–Nigeria relations Ghana–Nigeria relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Pre-colonial relations between the peoples who occupy what is Ghana and Nigeria today are mainly orally told stories which are hard","title":"Ghana–Nigeria relations"},{"psg_id":"15922458","text":"1974 decree of the National Redemption Council, the NRCD 285. There are currently proposals for its overhaul but these are still in the discussion stages. Nonetheless, VAG formerly known as Veterans Association of Ghana is now Veterans Administration of Ghana Veterans Association of Ghana The Veterans Association of Ghana is an association of former servicemen and women of the Gold Coast Regiment and the Ghana Armed Forces. It started originally as the Gold Coast Legion was formed in 1944 as a branch of what was then known as the British Empire Services League. It is now the Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services","title":"Veterans Association of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"12909733","text":"that the writers did not adequately consider contemporary accounts such as those of al-Yakqubi (872 A.D.) al-Masudi (c. 944 A.D.), Ibn Hawqal (c. 977 A.D.), al-Biruni (c. 1036 A.D.), as well as al-Bakri, all of whom describe the population and rulers of Ghana as \"negroes\". Modern scholars, particularly African Muslim scholars, have argued about the extension of the Ghana Empire and tenure of its reign. Islamic religion was known very well around the Asian-African-European area. The African Arabist, Abu-Abdullah Adelabu has claimed that some non-Muslim historians played down the territorial expansion of the Ghana Empire in what he called an","title":"Ghana Empire"},{"psg_id":"152592","text":"By the early 11th century, the Akans were firmly established in the Akan state called Bonoman, for which the Brong-Ahafo Region is named. From the 13th century, Akans emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create several Akan states of Ghana, mainly based on gold trading. These states included Bonoman (Brong-Ahafo Region), Ashanti (Ashanti Region), Denkyira (Central region), Mankessim Kingdom (Western region), and Akwamu Eastern region. By the 19th century, the territory of the southern part of Ghana was included in the Kingdom of Ashanti, one of the most influential states in sub-saharan Africa prior","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"15922457","text":"Veterans Association of Ghana The Veterans Association of Ghana is an association of former servicemen and women of the Gold Coast Regiment and the Ghana Armed Forces. It started originally as the Gold Coast Legion was formed in 1944 as a branch of what was then known as the British Empire Services League. It is now the Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League. The first patron of the association was the Governor Sir Alan Burns. It became the Ghana Legion on the Gold Coast attaining its independence from the United Kingdom. The legal basis of the association is currently bound by a","title":"Veterans Association of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"675888","text":"Ghana, and controlled territories in the area of the Sénégal River and east towards the Niger rivers, in modern Senegal, Mauritania and Mali. For most of central sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural expansion marked the period before 500 AD. Farming began earliest on the southern tips of the Sahara, eventually giving rise to village settlements. Toward the end of the classical era, larger regional kingdoms had formed in West Africa, one of which was the Kingdom of Ghana, north of what is today the nation of Ghana. Before its fall at the beginning of the 10th century Ashanti migrants moved southward and","title":"History of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"19727711","text":"Ghanaian people were seeing true narrative of who and what they are, made by indigenous Ghanaian filmmakers. By the early 1990s, approximately fifty VHS video movies per year were made in Ghana. Over time, professional and amateur filmmakers in Ghana produced films of similar quality and garnered equal respect. In 1996, the government of Ghana sold seventy percent of the equity in the GFIC to the Malaysian television production company, Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad of Kuala Lumpur. The GFIC was renamed \"Gama Media System Ltd\". This also affected the hopefully rising film industry in the country so bad. GFIC was","title":"Cinema of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"19238736","text":"Ahmadiyya in Ghana Ahmadiyya is an Islamic branch in Ghana, under the spiritual leadership of the caliph in London. The early rise of the Community in Ghana can be traced through a sequence of events beginning roughly at the same time as the establishment of the worldwide Community in 1889 in India itself. It was during the early period of the Second Caliphate that the first missionary, Abdul Rahim Nayyar was sent to what was then the Gold Coast in 1921 upon invitation from Muslims in Saltpond. Having established the Ahmadiyya movement in the country, Nayyar left and was replaced","title":"Ahmadiyya in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"1835071","text":"Ex-doe who further popularized the Hiplife music genre respectively. Hiplife has since proliferated and spawned stars such as Reggie Rockstone, Sherifa Gunu, Ayigbe Edem, Samini and Sarkodie. Producers responsible for steering this genre to what it is today were Hammer of The Last Two, Ball J, EL and Jupitar Dancehall Artiste. Ghana Hip hop or hip-hop music genre is a subculture and art movement which developed in Ghana during the late 1990's. The hiphop genre came into existence in Ghana through Reggie Rockstone, who is known as the hiplife father and other notable musicians such as Jayso and Ball J","title":"Music of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"16643869","text":"core humanist principles and what should be shifted to the broad spectrum of secularity. Openly professing atheism or antireligious beliefs can lead to public outrage, such as when the popular hiplife artist Mzbel stated that Jesus was a fake. Irreligion in Ghana Irreligion in Ghana is difficult to measure in the country, as regular demographic polling is not widespread and available statistics are often many years old. Many Ghanaian nationals claim the Christian faith. Many atheists in Ghana are not willing to openly express their beliefs due to the fear of persecution. Most secondary educational institutions also have some form","title":"Irreligion in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152609","text":"and there are two main seasons: the wet season and the dry season. Ghana is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy with a parliamentary multi-party system. Ghana alternated between civilian and military governments until January 1993, when the military government gave way to the Fourth Republic of Ghana after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution of Ghana divides powers among a Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces (President of Ghana), parliament (Parliament of Ghana), cabinet (Cabinet of Ghana), council of state (Ghanaian Council of State), and an independent judiciary (Judiciary of Ghana). The Government of Ghana is","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"10681089","text":"Bawku Central (Ghana parliament constituency) Bawku Central is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Bawku Central is located in the Bawku Municipal district of the Upper East Region of Ghana. The seat is located within the Bawku Municipal District in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Prior to the 2004 parliamentary election, the Pusiga constituency was carved out of the pre-existing Bawku Central constituency in what was then known as the Bawku East District. The current constituency is thus smaller","title":"Bawku Central (Ghana parliament constituency)"},{"psg_id":"19879015","text":"begin to reconnect after years of misunderstanding and unspoken feelings. Olu overcomes his fear of commitment, Sadie finds herself, and Fola learns what happened to Taiwo and Kehinde. The novel ends with the family on the path to healing and forgiveness. Kweku Sai: Leaves Ghana and becomes a renowned surgeon in the United States. He had dreams of returning to Ghana as the successful prodigal son, but his mother's untimely death and obstacles in his career made this dream unattainable. He is able to create what looks like the perfect life for his family. But when he is fired and","title":"Ghana Must Go (novel)"},{"psg_id":"152691","text":"2017, Ghana ranks as the 43rd–most peaceful country in the world. To enter Ghana, it is necessary to have a visa authorised by the Government of Ghana. Travelers must apply for this visa at a Ghanaian embassy; this process can take approximately two weeks. By law, visitors entering Ghana must be able to produce a yellow fever vaccination certificate. Government General information Trade Ghana Ghana (), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of , Ghana is bordered by the","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152608","text":"dominate Ghana, with forest extending northward from the south-west coast of Ghana on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean and eastward for a maximum of about with the Kingdom of Ashanti or the southern part of Ghana being a primary location for mining of industrial minerals and timber. Ghana encompasses plains, waterfalls, low hills, rivers, Lake Volta, the world's largest artificial lake, Dodi Island and Bobowasi Island on the south Atlantic Ocean coast of Ghana. The northernmost part of Ghana is Pulmakong and the southernmost part of Ghana is Cape Three Points. The climate of Ghana is tropical","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"12909731","text":"the fact that their genealogies linked them to this group, adding \"What is certain is that they were not Soninke.” (\"min al-sawadin\"). While the sixteenth-century versions of genealogies might have linked Ghana to the Sanhaja, earlier versions, for example as reported by the eleventh-century writer al-Idrisi and the thirteenth-century writer ibn Said, noted that rulers of Ghana in those days traced their descent from the clan of the Prophet Muhammad either through his protector Abi Talib, or through his son-in-law Ali. He says that 22 kings ruled before the Hijra and 22 after. While these early views lead to many","title":"Ghana Empire"},{"psg_id":"152617","text":"industrial hub of Tema, and the twelfth being the Railways, Ports and Harbours Division. The Ghana Police Service's Marine Police Unit and Division handles issues that arise from the country's offshore oil and gas industry. The Ghana Prisons Service and the sub-division Borstal Institute for Juveniles administers incarceration in Ghana. Ghana retains and exercises the death penalty for treason, corruption, robbery, piracy, drug trafficking, rape, and homicide. 27 convicts (all men) were sentenced to death in Ghana in 2012 and the Ghana Prisons Service statistics of the total number of convicts sentenced to death in Ghana was 162 men and","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152605","text":"the Republic of Ghana by John Atta Mills of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) following the Ghanaian presidential election, 2008. and John Atta Mills was inaugurated as the third president of the fourth republic of Ghana and eleventh president of Ghana on 7 January 2009, prior to John Atta Mills being succeeded as president of Ghana by then vice-president of Ghana John Dramani Mahama on 24 July 2012. Following the Ghanaian presidential election, 2012, John Dramani Mahama became President-elect and was inaugurated as the 4th President of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and 7th President of Ghana on 7 January","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152657","text":"of the largest where there are celebrations to Ganesh Chaturthi, Rath Yatra, and other Hindu observations. , there are 375,000 registered legal skilled workers (permanent residents) or foreign workers/students (i.e. Ghana Card holders) inhabitants with an annually 1.5 million transited airport layovers. In its first post-colonial census in 1960, Ghana had a population of 6.7 million. The median age of Ghanaian citizens is 30 years old and the average household size is 3.6 persons. The Government of Ghana states that the official language of Ghana is English, and is spoken by 67.1% of the inhabiting population of Ghana. , Ghana","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152653","text":"public universities in Ghana: the University of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University of Cape Coast, University of Education, University for Development Studies, University of Mines and Technology, University of Professional Studies, Accra, University of Energy and Natural Resources, and University of Health and Allied Sciences. Ghana has a growing number of accredited private universities including Lancaster University, Ghana, Ghana Technology University College, Ashesi University College, Methodist University College Ghana, Central University College, Accra Institute of Technology, Regent University College of Science and Technology, Valley View University, Catholic University College, Presbyterian university college, and Zenith University College.","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152628","text":"Rlg Communications which manufactures tablet computers with smartphones and various consumer electronics. Ghana produces and exports an abundance of hydrocarbons such as sweet crude oil and natural gas. The 100% state-owned filling station company of Ghana, Ghana Oil Company (GOIL) is the number 1 petroleum and gas filling station of Ghana and the 100% state-owned state oil company Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) oversees hydrocarbon exploration and production of Ghana's entire petroleum and natural gas reserves. Ghana aims to further increase output of oil to per day and gas to per day. Ghana's Jubilee Oilfield which contains up to of","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152588","text":"Ghana Ghana (), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of , Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south. \"Ghana\" means \"Warrior King\" in the Soninke language. The first permanent state in the territory of present-day Ghana dates back to the 11th century. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, of which the most powerful was","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"16643868","text":"It featured discussions on additional topics relevant to Humanism such as feminism, witchcraft accusations in West Africa and Humanist ceremonies. The organization currently has about fifty members and attracts limited media coverage. Work is still in progress to officially register the association and make it more broadly known in civic society. Humanism is not well known in Ghana and this, coupled with high levels of religious belief in Ghana makes it difficult for unbelievers to share their opinions freely without fear of stigma. There have been a few debates conducted by humanists in the country regarding what should be considered","title":"Irreligion in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"15278771","text":"the Dutch outpost at Elmina, being repulsed four days later. \"Leander \" and Shirley then went on to capture four small Dutch forts: Fort Nassau (20 guns), Fort Amsterdam (32 guns) at Kormantine (Courmantyne or Apam, Fort Lijdzaamheid or Fort Patience (22 guns)), Fort Goede Hoop (18 guns) at Senya Beraku (Berricoe, Berku, Fort Barracco), and Fort Crèvecœur (32 guns), at Accra. Shirley then garrisoned those facilities with personnel from Cape Coast Castle. Fort Nassau, Ghana Fort Nassau, near Moree, Ghana, was the first fort that the Dutch established on what would become the Dutch Gold Coast. From 1598 onward,","title":"Fort Nassau, Ghana"},{"psg_id":"15278768","text":"Fort Nassau, Ghana Fort Nassau, near Moree, Ghana, was the first fort that the Dutch established on what would become the Dutch Gold Coast. From 1598 onward, Dutch merchants traded on the Gold Coast of Africa. Although the Gold Coast was already settled by Portuguese, there was little effort to evict the Dutch, as the military resources were committed to the war in Europe. This changed after the signing of the Twelve Years' Truce between Portugal-Spain and the Dutch Republic in 1609. The Portuguese now had sufficient resources to protect their trade monopoly, and began attacking the (from the Portuguese","title":"Fort Nassau, Ghana"},{"psg_id":"2615092","text":"the country's struggle for independence from Great Britain, the gold represents the mineral wealth of the country, the green symbolises the country's rich forests and natural wealth, and the black star is the symbol of African emancipation. The black star was adopted from the flag of the Black Star Line, a shipping line incorporated by Marcus Garvey that operated from 1919 to 1922. It is where the Ghana national football team derive their nickname, the \"Black Stars\". Under terms of section 183 of Ghana's Merchant Shipping Act of 1963, the civil ensign is a red flag with the national flag","title":"Flag of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152662","text":"the infant mortality rate was 38.52 deaths/1,000 live births. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 4% of women in Ghana have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM). The practice has been made illegal in the country. Ghana is also the birth country of anti-FGM campaigner Efua Dorkenoo. Ghana has a universal health care system strictly designated for Ghanaian nationals, National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Health care is very variable throughout Ghana and in 2012, over 12 million Ghanaian nationals were covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) (NHIS). Urban centres are well served, and contain most of the hospitals, clinics,","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152659","text":"Upper East, and 0.7 million in Upper West). , 2.1 million persons reside in Ewe territory Volta. Due to the recent legal immigration of skilled workers who possess Ghana Cards, there is a small population of Chinese, Malaysian, Indian, Middle Eastern and European nationals. In 2010, the Ghana Immigration Service reported a large number of economic migrants and Illegal immigrants inhabiting Ghana: 14.6% (or 3.1 million) of Ghana's 2010 population (predominantly Nigerians, Burkinabe citizens, Togolese citizens, and Malian citizens). In 1969, under the \"Ghana Aliens Compliance Order\" (GACO) enacted by the Prime Minister of Ghana Kofi Abrefa Busia; Government of","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152656","text":"Ghana long before the other tribes came. Akans had established Bonoman (Brong Ahafo region) and were joined by the current settlers and inhabitants by the 16th century. In 2010, the population of Ghana was 72.2% Christian (24.3% Pentecostal, 18.4% Protestant, 13.1% Catholic and 11.4% other). Approximately 18.6% of the population of Ghana are Muslim, (51% Sunni, 16% Ahmadiyya, and 8% Shia). About 3.4% of the population follow Hinduism. Of these, 98% are indigenous converts. Hinduism in Ghana was popularized by Swami Ghana Nanda ji, who opened several temples in the nation. The temple of Lord Shiva in Accra is one","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152631","text":"South Ghana are gold, silver, timber, diamonds, bauxite, and manganese. South Ghana also has great deposits of barite, basalt, clay, dolomite, feldspar, granite, gravel, gypsum, iron ore, kaolin, laterite, limestone, magnesite, marble, mica, phosphates, phosphorus, rocks, salts, sand, sandstone, silver, slate, talc, and uranium that are yet to be fully exploited. The Government of Ghana has drawn up plans to nationalise Ghana's entire mining industry to increase government revenues. The real estate and housing market of Ghana has become an important and strategic economic sector, particularly in the urban centres of south Ghana such as Accra, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi and Tema.","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152616","text":"possible bilateral trade at the Islamic Republic of Iran's presidential palace, Sa'dabad Palace. The Ghana Police Service (GPS) and the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) are the main law enforcement agencies of the Republic of Ghana, and are responsible for the detection of crime, maintenance of law and order and the maintenance of internal peace and security. The Ghana Police Service has eleven specialised police units including a Militarized Police Rapid deployment force (RDF) and Marine Police Unit (MPU). The Ghana Police Service operates in 12 divisions: ten covering the ten regions of Ghana, one assigned specifically to the seaport and","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"19423976","text":"has helped thousands of families to escape from poverty for good thanks to its microloan, savings and training services and its highly innovative social vision.\" In 2012, ID Ghana became a Field Partner of the crowdfunding non-profit Kiva.org. As of March 31, 2016, ID Ghana had posted 2,033 loans to Kiva.org (for a value of 2,431K USD), of which 1,972 (2,310K USD) had been fully funded by Kiva's lenders. In 2015, ID Ghana represented 47% of Kiva's loan portfolio in Ghana, followed by Grameen Ghana (20%) and ASA Initiative (18%). ID Ghana Initiative Development Ghana (or ID Ghana) is a","title":"ID Ghana"},{"psg_id":"19423974","text":"ID Ghana Initiative Development Ghana (or ID Ghana) is a Ghanaian MicroFinance Institution (MFI) based in the Dansoman neighborhood of Accra, Ghana. Founded in 1998, ID Ghana offers loans, voluntary savings, and a host of business support services and financial literacy training to people living in the Greater Accra region. ID Ghana is registered as a Financial NGO (FNGO) in Ghana. ID Ghana's mission statement is: \"To live in a world where the Poor are able to develop their own in-come-generating activity in order to reach better nutrition, health and educational standards.\" As of 2014, ID Ghana had 800K USD","title":"ID Ghana"},{"psg_id":"19104864","text":"News Ghana News Ghana is a Ghanaian independent news portal. Its one of the most visited in Ghana, with 200,000 average daily visits. News Ghana formerly known as Spy Ghana started in 2010 as a news blog by Madam Mushura Don-Baare and became a News Portal in January 2013. Spy Ghana also made world headlines for the wrong reasons in 2012. News Ghana is managed by Roger A. Agana, who is co-founder, former general manager and editor of Modernghana.com. The parent company of \"News Ghana\" is M'ideas Group with operations throughout Africa specializing in news reporting, public relations, advertisement, product","title":"News Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152680","text":"men's football team is known as the Black Stars, with the under-20 team known as the Black Satellites. Ghana has won the African Cup of Nations four times, the FIFA U-20 World Cup once, and has participated in three consecutive FIFA World Cups dating back to 2006. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Ghana became the third African country to reach the quarter-final stage of the World Cup after Cameroon in 1990 and Senegal in 2002. Ghana national U-20 football team, known as the \"Black Satellites\", is considered to be the feeder team for the Ghana national football team. Ghana","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152606","text":"2013, to serve one term of office of four-year term length as President of Ghana until 7 January 2017, maintaining Ghana's status as a stable democracy. As a result of the Ghanaian presidential election, 2016, Nana Akufo-Addo became President-elect and was inaugurated as the 5th President of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and 8th President of Ghana on 7 January 2017, to serve one term of office of four-year term length as President of Ghana, until 7 January 2021. Ghana is located on the Gulf of Guinea, only a few degrees north of the Equator, therefore giving it a warm","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"11084040","text":"are superb. And technique is what it takes to make a good player. \"What else goes towards making Ghana so strong?\" Otto Pfister continues; In Africa there is often only one way for many young lads to escape from poverty and to make their way up the social scale - football. Youngsters want to become stars and to play in a top European league. That is their main aim and they will do anything to achieve it. Let me give you an example: While I was coaching in Ghana I once told my team to be ready for training at","title":"Ghana national under-17 football team"},{"psg_id":"6765097","text":"GTV (Ghana) GTV (Ghana Today Television) is the national public broadcaster of Ghana, run by the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. It commenced operations on July 31, 1965 and was originally known as GBC TV. GTV broadcasts mainly local programming, with over 80% of the schedule consisting of original productions. Although its main production studio is located in Accra, capital city of Ghana, it has affiliations nationwide and covers 98% of the airwaves in Ghana, making it the most powerful mode of advertisement in Ghana. Although GTV is largely funded by the Ghanaian government, it also collects annual fees from viewers .","title":"GTV (Ghana)"},{"psg_id":"12503929","text":"Ecobank Ghana Ecobank Ghana is a commercial bank in Ghana. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Bank of Ghana, the national banking regulator. EBG is a member of the Pan-African Ecobank chain which operates in thirty two (32) countries. The stock of Ecobank Ghana is listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange, where its shares are traded under the symbol EGH. The bank is a fully networked commercial bank in Ghana with branches (total of 77 as of December 2016) in almost all regions of the nation. The bank was formed in 1990. In December 2011, Bank","title":"Ecobank Ghana"},{"psg_id":"10794201","text":"down the value of its stake in Ghana Telecom by £250m as the economic climate worsened, damaging the business's prospects. On 15 April 2009, Ghana Telecom, along with its mobile subsidiary OneTouch, was rebranded as Vodafone Ghana. In 2016, Vodafone Ghana was the country's second largest operator with a market share for April 2016 as 21.92% and 25.32% of data behind African communications giant MTN Ghana. Vodafone Ghana was recognized as the top Philanthropic and Health Support Institution by Media Men Ghana at the 2017 People's Choice Practitioners Honours. The company, in collaboration with British Council, established the Vodafone Scholar","title":"Vodafone Ghana"},{"psg_id":"14861880","text":"created 29 new constituencies. What was left became the Upper Denkyira East constituency. Benjamin Kofi Ayeh, the current MP for the constituency was first elected in 2004 and retained his seat in the 2008 parliamenary election. Upper Denkyira West (Ghana parliament constituency) Upper Denkyira West is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The Upper Denkyira West constituency is located in the Upper Denkyira district of the Central Region of Ghana. The seat is located entirely within the Upper Denkyira district","title":"Upper Denkyira West (Ghana parliament constituency)"},{"psg_id":"11504618","text":"TV3 Ghana TV3 Network Limited (TV3 Ghana) is a private, free-to-air television broadcaster in Ghana. Launched in 1997 by Thai company BEC-TERO, TV3 Ghana airs and produces a variety of television programmes including acclaimed news bulletins, dramas and successful reality television and entertainment shows. In year 1999, it was sold to Media Prima, a Malaysian company, and then taken over by a Ghanaian company called Media General Ghana Limited in 2011. TV3 Ghana established itself as the most watched free-to-air television station in Ghana, having achieved 65% nationwide penetration at end-2006 and aiming to reach 90% by 2008. However, TV3","title":"TV3 Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152772","text":"do not go outside of Ghana and the Ghana national border. Ghana railway network is limited to south Ghana and the southern part of Ghana within the Greater Accra region, Central region, Western region, Eastern region and Ashanti region of south Ghana. There are plans underway that revamp the operations of the Ghana Railway Corporation and Ghana Railway Company to make it more viable, and to attract private sector participation. Concession agreements have been signed by the Ghana Railway Corporation for the development and extension of the Ghana Eastern Rail Line and the rehabilitation of the Ghana Western Rail Line.","title":"Transport in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"4997523","text":"of his people. I heard what the secretary general said and I wasn't surprised because of where he is coming from, but we only listened to him. We have all made our positions well known. Nobody can say in Ghana we discriminate against homosexuality, there is no witch-hunting on homosexuality ... that is their own problem so we only listen and move on. The secretary general has made his views known and we have also made our views known so the value is the same. Violent mob attacks directed against LGBT people are common in Ghana. In 2012, a birthday","title":"LGBT rights in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"17988101","text":"not sure of the causes of death of the whales. \"It's definitely unusual. But what may be the cause we can't put our finger on,\" said A.K. Armah, a lecturer at the University of Ghana, who studies marine life. “It is important to note that dead whales that have been washed ashore in Ghana were in a decomposed state and, therefore, samples could not be taken for laboratory analysis to ascertain the cause of death,” the Ministry of Fisheries and the Fisheries Commission said in a joint statement signed by the sector Minister, Mr Nayon Bilijo. The Fisheries Commission said:","title":"Cetacean strandings in Ghana"},{"psg_id":"17015616","text":"us For something good to offer So we do our best our best always To live and die for our dear Ghanassco Ghana Senior High School Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua, popularly known as GHANASS, is a high school in Koforidua. It was preceded by the establishment of two colleges that ultimately combined into what is currently known as The Beacon of the East In 1943, Mr. Fred Addae and Mr. Francis Adjei Tetebo established a school with an initial population of 16 boys called Phoenix College in a private temporary building. By 1950, an increase in student population necessitated","title":"Ghana Senior High School"},{"psg_id":"17015611","text":"Ghana Senior High School Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua, popularly known as GHANASS, is a high school in Koforidua. It was preceded by the establishment of two colleges that ultimately combined into what is currently known as The Beacon of the East In 1943, Mr. Fred Addae and Mr. Francis Adjei Tetebo established a school with an initial population of 16 boys called Phoenix College in a private temporary building. By 1950, an increase in student population necessitated the movement of the school into a new location which currently houses the Normal Technical Institute, Koforidua. The change in location brought","title":"Ghana Senior High School"},{"psg_id":"16621216","text":"Indian Association of Ghana The Indian Association of Ghana (IAG) is a merchant association that has a long colourful history. In 1939, the first ever Indian Merchants Association in West Africa was formed in the ‘Gold Coast’. In fact, this was the first body created in the entire West African Region by Indian traders - Metharam Brothers, Bombay Bazaar, Lilaram Thanwardas, Mahtani Brothers, T. Chandiram, K. Chellaram, Hariram Brothers, Wassiamal Brothers, G. Motiram, Punjabi Brothers and D. P. Motwani. These were the founding members of what the Indian Association is today, and they elected Mr. K. W. Mahtani as their","title":"Indian Association of Ghana"},{"psg_id":"11614505","text":"trial, several crew members admitted that the charges were substantially true. Although they were convicted and imprisoned, three subsequently escaped with what the PNDC alleged was CIA assistance. In spite of these incidents, relations between the United States and Ghana had improved markedly by the late 1980s. Former United States president Jimmy Carter visited Ghana in 1986 and again in 1988 and was warmly received by the PNDC. His Global 2000 agricultural program, which is quite popular with Ghanaian farmers, is helping promote good relations with the United States. In 1989 the United States forgave US$114 million of Ghana's foreign","title":"Ghana–United States relations"},{"psg_id":"15166578","text":"[her] songs.\" \"The Moon Represents My Heart,\" however, is often cited as one of her best-known or most popular pieces. Before Teng's music arrived, such romantic songs had been nonexistent in China for many years as they were considered bourgeois and decadent. As film director Jia Zhangke later said, \"'The Moon Represents My Heart' [was] something completely new. So people of my generation were suddenly infected with this very personal, individual world. Before that, everything was collective...\" Teng died of an asthma attack in 1995, but \"The Moon Represents My Heart\" has been performed frequently in Asia into the 21st","title":"The Moon Represents My Heart"},{"psg_id":"11960513","text":"Miss Universe Ghana Miss Universe Ghana whose slogan is \"Ghana's Next Sweetheart\" is a national pageant that sends representatives to the Miss Universe pageant. This pageant is unrelated to Miss Ghana or Miss Earth Ghana pageant. The current Miss Universe Ghana is Akpene Diata Hoggar who was crowned on September 15, 2018, in Accra, Ghana. Miss Ghana Organization franchised Miss Universe for Miss Ghana winner between 1991 and 1998. Miss Universe Ghana was handled by R. Ayite Okyne took over the event directing and show production and eventually joined Juliette Korsah as National Director for the Miss Universe Ghana pageant.","title":"Miss Universe Ghana"},{"psg_id":"2686021","text":"used to fund the office of the Ghanaian High Commission in Abuja. Ghana Airways previously operated the following aircraft in later years: Ghana Airways Ghana Airways Limited was the national airline of the Republic of Ghana with its main base of operation, and hub, at Kotoka International Airport in Accra. The airline ceased operations in 2004. Ghana Airways was founded on 4 July 1958 by the government of Ghana with start up capital of ₤400,000; the government holding a 60 percent stake, with BOAC holding the remainder. When the company was founded, a seven-year agreement between the airline and BOAC","title":"Ghana Airways"},{"psg_id":"19423975","text":"on deposit, and a gross loan portfolio of 1.3M USD. ID Ghana made 11,925 microloans in 2014, 96% of which were to women entrepreneurs. ID Ghana has three principal loan products: In 2007, ID Ghana developed a strategic partnership with Entrepreneurs du Monde, a French NGO that supports the development of the microfinance sector throughout the world. The Entrepreneurs du Monde website discusses the partnership as follows: \"Since 2007, Entrepreneurs du Monde has been supporting ID Ghana, a unique MFI in Ghana and a reference in the field of social microfinance for the poorest members of the population. ID Ghana","title":"ID Ghana"},{"psg_id":"19224171","text":"Ticket Ghana Ticket Ghana is an online ticketing company that expanded to become an online travel agency based in Accra, Ghana. It was founded in the year 2009 by a young Ghanaian born Cypriot businessman Basil Anthony. The company was founded to sell tickets online for entertainers in Ghana. It failed due to the unpopularity of online purchases in Ghana. The event business in Ghana never gained its online presence making the company expand to another business venture; the sale of airfare tickets. However the increase of internet usage with social media gave the company more opportunities to offer social","title":"Ticket Ghana"},{"psg_id":"19104865","text":"review, search engine optimization (SEO), domain registration, web hosting and designing. According to statistics from web traffic analytics company Alexa Internet, News Ghana has a market share of 53.3% from Ghana, 17.2% from India, 14.1% from Nigeria, 2.7% from USA, 1.3% from Germany. Editors of News Ghana portal focus on publishing fair, balanced, factual and relevant news based and feature articles. The news portal encompasses hot political issues, business news and reports, the world of entertainment, economic and social reports. News Ghana News Ghana is a Ghanaian independent news portal. Its one of the most visited in Ghana, with 200,000","title":"News Ghana"},{"psg_id":"16492899","text":"CFAO Ghana CFAO Ghana, also known as CFAO Motors Ghana, is a Ghanaian automobiles company. It was formed in 1909 and is currently headed by Thomas Pelletier. CFAO Ghana is a subsidiary of CFAO Automotive, the largest automobile network in Africa and the overseas French territories. It is also the exclusive Ghanaian distributor for seven internationally renowned brands which are Citröen, Mitsubishi Motors, Fuso, DAF Trucks, Bridgestone, SYM and Suzuki. CFAO Motors Ghana covers the whole Ghana from its three branches in Takoradi, Accra and Kumasi. The company comprises over 129 personnel work together in meeting the needs of customers","title":"CFAO Ghana"},{"psg_id":"13544309","text":"Ghana Post Ghana Post is the company responsible for postal service in Ghana and a member of the West African Postal Conference. On January 26, 2017, employees of Ghana Post publicly protested against the current management, leveling accusations of embezzlement. Some of the Ghana Post employees accused Eric Yao, then Managing Director, of colluding with Head of ICT, Godfred Aboagye, and director of finance and administration, Solomon Agyeito, to embezzle funds. Aboagye was promptly removed from his job and put under investigation for embezzlement. In the following month the Government of Ghana removed Yao from his post and appointed James","title":"Ghana Post"},{"psg_id":"12909753","text":"parts of products that were trade within Ghana were salt and gold. With gold and salt being transported and traded through Ghana, the Kingdom of Ghana was able to become very wealthy by taxing the goods that came through the trade center. Other materials that were popular within trading in Ghana were ivory, slaves, horses, swords, spices, silks, and even books from Europeans. Because Ghana had a large military force, they would charge people for protection if they so desired it when trading to protect themselves and their goods. The fact that Ghana had many trade routes that were well","title":"Ghana Empire"},{"psg_id":"12503930","text":"of Ghana, the central bank of the country, which also functions as the national banking regulator, gave approval for Ecobank Transnational to acquire 100% interest in The Trust Bank (TTB), another licensed commercial bank. At the time, the total asset valuation of TTB was approximately US$119 million (GH¢ 220 million). Ecobank has successfully merged TTB and EBG. The new bank is known as Ecobank Ghana Limited. Ecobank Ghana Ecobank Ghana is a commercial bank in Ghana. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Bank of Ghana, the national banking regulator. EBG is a member of the Pan-African","title":"Ecobank Ghana"},{"psg_id":"10794202","text":"Project which will provide full and partial scholarships to female high school and undergraduate students studying STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) subjects who don’t have the financial means to pursue continued study. In 2016, Vodafone made a ground-breaking deal with Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). In the GHS14m agreement spanning five years, the company will provide an enhanced high speed internet and Wi-Fi connectivity to all faculties across the University’s campuses in Ghana. Vodafone Ghana Vodafone Ghana, formerly Ghana Telecom, is the national telecommunications company of Ghana. The company in Ghana operates under Vodafone Group Plc","title":"Vodafone Ghana"},{"psg_id":"10794199","text":"Vodafone Ghana Vodafone Ghana, formerly Ghana Telecom, is the national telecommunications company of Ghana. The company in Ghana operates under Vodafone Group Plc - the world's leading mobile telecommunications company, with a significant presence in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States. As of April 2016, it had around 7,976,348 mobile voice subscribers, representing 21.92% of the Ghanaian market shares. On 3 July 2008 it was announced that Vodafone had agreed to acquire 70% of Ghana Telecom from the Ghanaian government at a cost of US$900 million and a total enterprise value of approximately US$1.3 billion.","title":"Vodafone Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152634","text":"Ghana also signed four bilateral agreements to promote public sector and private sector collaboration, as Ghana aims to predominantly shift its economic trade partnership to East Asia and Southeast Asia. The economic centre is IE Singapore's second office in Africa, coming six months after opening in Johannesburg, South Africa in January 2013. Ghana's labour force in 2008 totalled 11.5 million Ghanaian citizens. Tema Harbour is Africa's largest harbour and Takoradi Harbour along with Tema harbour in Ghana handles goods and exports for Ghana. They are also traffic junctions where goods are transhipped; the Tema harbour handles the majority of the","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152630","text":"continues to increase. The Government of Ghana has drawn up plans to nationalise Ghana's entire petroleum and natural gas reserves to increase government revenue. Known for its industrial minerals, Ghana is the world's 7th largest producer of gold; producing over 102 metric tons of gold and the 10th largest producer of gold in the world in 2012; producing 89 metric tons of gold. Ghana is the 2nd largest producer of gold on the Africa continent behind South Africa. Ghana has the 9th largest reserves, and is the 9th largest producer, of diamonds in the world. Industrial minerals and exports from","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152626","text":"Volta River in 1965, along with Bui Dam, Kpong Dam, and several other hydroelectric dams provide hydropower. In addition, the Government of Ghana has sought to build the second nuclear power plant in Africa. The Ghana Stock Exchange is the 5th largest on continental Africa and 3rd largest in sub-saharan Africa with a market capitalisation of GH¢ 57.2 billion or CN¥ 180.4 billion in 2012 with the South Africa JSE Limited as first. The Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) was the 2nd best performing stock exchange in sub-saharan Africa in 2013. Ghana also produces high-quality cocoa. It is the 2nd largest","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152625","text":"In 2013, the Bank of Ghana began circulating the renminbi throughout Ghanaian state-owned banks and to the Ghana public as hard currency along with the national Ghana cedi for second national trade currency. Between 2012 and 2013, 37.9 percent of rural dwellers were experiencing poverty whereas only 10.6 percent of urban dwellers were. Urban areas hold greater opportunity for employment, particularly in informal trade, while nearly all (94 percent) of rural poor households participate in the agricultural sector. The state-owned Volta River Authority and Ghana National Petroleum Corporation are the two major electricity producers. The Akosombo Dam, built on the","title":"Ghana"},{"psg_id":"152591","text":"Africa, but the empire was further north than the modern country of Ghana, in the region of Guinea. Ghana was already recognized as one of the great kingdoms in Bilad el-Sudan by the ninth century. Ghana was inhabited in the Middle Ages and the Age of Discovery by a number of ancient predominantly Akan kingdoms in the Southern and Central territories. This included the Ashanti Empire, the Akwamu, the Bonoman, the Denkyira, and the Mankessim Kingdom. Although the area of present-day Ghana in West Africa has experienced many population movements, the Akans were firmly settled by the 5th century BC.","title":"Ghana"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1304729\",\n \"text\": \"advanced culture, and the interests of the overwhelming majority. The formal statement of the theory is: One possible interpretation of the \\\"Three Represents\\\": One of the main goals of the Three Represents is to change the Communist Party of China into a governmental and more democratic party. This opens up the Party to \\\"the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people\\\", as well as businessmen and managers. This makes for a party (\\\"dǎng\\\" 党) that is much more attractive for a greater number of people. The Theory of the Three Represents is another expansion to what the government of China would\",\n \"title\": \"Three Represents\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20403201\",\n \"text\": \"This is a feature also of other postcode systems, although open postcode systems are also available. Postal codes in Ghana Postal codes were adopted in Ghana on October 18, 2017, following the launch of the National Digital Address System. As a joint venture between Ghana Post and Vokacom Ltd as GhanaPost GPS, the Digital Address System assigned postal codes and unique addresses to every 5 meter square in Ghana. Ghana's postal codes are alphanumeric. The first two characters form the postcode district - the first letter represents the region, and the second character represents the district in which the address\",\n \"title\": \"Postal codes in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20403197\",\n \"text\": \"Postal codes in Ghana Postal codes were adopted in Ghana on October 18, 2017, following the launch of the National Digital Address System. As a joint venture between Ghana Post and Vokacom Ltd as GhanaPost GPS, the Digital Address System assigned postal codes and unique addresses to every 5 meter square in Ghana. Ghana's postal codes are alphanumeric. The first two characters form the postcode district - the first letter represents the region, and the second character represents the district in which the address is located. The next three to five digits represent the postcode area and identify a more\",\n \"title\": \"Postal codes in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12909754\",\n \"text\": \"protected also encouraged other merchants to come to Ghana and trade. With the amount of protection on the trade routes and the large number of trade routes, Ghana was given the nickname The Gold Coast. Because so many people trade through Ghana, Ghana was essentially a melting pot, spreading ideas, culture, technology and other aspects of what makes different societies what they were. Eventually the Kingdom of Ghana came to its downfall; a decline in power. Ghana was attacked by other regions who were in need of the resources that Ghana possessed. The Kingdom of Ghana eventually merged with Mali,\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11614477\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana–Nigeria relations Ghana–Nigeria relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Pre-colonial relations between the peoples who occupy what is Ghana and Nigeria today are mainly orally told stories which are hard to prove. The countries may share some historical ethnic ties but those ties are not as clear and provable as ties with countries that directly border each country. What is clear is the fact that there has always been trade between peoples who occupy what is now Ghana and Nigeria. The colonial era is what increased the relationship\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana–Nigeria relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152623\",\n \"text\": \"in Ghana. Sometimes old women in Ghana are accused of witchcraft, particularly in rural Ghana. Issues of witchcraft mainly remain as speculations based on superstitions within families. In some parts of northern Ghana, there exists what is called a witch camp. This is said to house a total of around 1,000 people accused of witchcraft. The Ghanaian government has announced that it intends to close the camps. While women in Ghana are given equal rights under the constitution of Ghana, disparities in education, employment, and health for women remain prevalent. Ghana is an average natural resource enriched country possessing industrial\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9917471\",\n \"text\": \"coaching the Teams. Both of Paul Sackey's Parents are from Ghana and the England International even wore the Ghana National Rugby shirt. Ghana national rugby union team The Ghana national rugby union team represents Ghana in international rugby union. Ghana are not a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and had not played in a Rugby World Cup tournament. Ghana played their first international game during the 2003 season, and defeated Mauritania by 29 points to 8. Since then there have been a number of youth teams in Ghana; the under-18 team won a junior rugby competition. The National\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national rugby union team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9917468\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana national rugby union team The Ghana national rugby union team represents Ghana in international rugby union. Ghana are not a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and had not played in a Rugby World Cup tournament. Ghana played their first international game during the 2003 season, and defeated Mauritania by 29 points to 8. Since then there have been a number of youth teams in Ghana; the under-18 team won a junior rugby competition. The National Team itself has hosted a tournament and had some credible results on the field. After forming in 2005, the Ghana National Rugby\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national rugby union team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8695591\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana had made only 74/9 from its 20 overs, but managed to bowl Uganda (a previous winner of the tournament) out for 69. In August 2018, they were included in the 2018 Africa T20 Cup tournament. However, Ghana declined Cricket South Africa's invite to compete in the tournament, and were replaced by Uganda. Ghana's squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five in September 2017 were the following players: Ghana national cricket team The Ghana national cricket team represents the Republic of Ghana in international cricket. It is an associate member of the International Cricket Council, which it\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national cricket team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8695579\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana national cricket team The Ghana national cricket team represents the Republic of Ghana in international cricket. It is an associate member of the International Cricket Council, which it joined as an affiliate member in 2002, and mainly plays matches in ICC Africa tournaments. Ghana Cricket Association promotes the sport in the country. A team representing the British Gold Coast played its first recorded match in 1904, and international matches from 1907. Known as Ghana after independence in 1957, until recent times the majority of the team's matches came against other West African teams, and occasionally against touring English teams.\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national cricket team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18459470\",\n \"text\": \"to look into the process. Chief Imam of Ghana Chief Imam of Ghana (\\\"also referred to as\\\" National Chief Imam \\\"or\\\" Grand Mufti of Ghana, \\\"or simply\\\" Chief Imam) is a de facto title for the highest Muslim religious authority in Ghana. Not necessarily leader of any Islamic sect, holder of the office represents the Ghanaian Muslim community in national affairs, build bridges between the country's many faiths and \\\"support development programmes that sensitize people to their social responsibilities\\\". There have been calls for Government of Ghana to give constitutional backing to the \\\"Chief Imam\\\"'s office; as of January 2016,\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Imam of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18459469\",\n \"text\": \"Chief Imam of Ghana Chief Imam of Ghana (\\\"also referred to as\\\" National Chief Imam \\\"or\\\" Grand Mufti of Ghana, \\\"or simply\\\" Chief Imam) is a de facto title for the highest Muslim religious authority in Ghana. Not necessarily leader of any Islamic sect, holder of the office represents the Ghanaian Muslim community in national affairs, build bridges between the country's many faiths and \\\"support development programmes that sensitize people to their social responsibilities\\\". There have been calls for Government of Ghana to give constitutional backing to the \\\"Chief Imam\\\"'s office; as of January 2016, no major initiative has begun\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Imam of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17475813\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana national basketball team The Ghana national basketball team represents Ghana in international competitions. It is administered by the Amateur Basketball Association of Ghana (GBBA). Ghana's senior national team only plays friendly games, despite its potentials and to the dismay of its fans. Ghanaian basketball players have played in some of the world's strongest leagues such as the US-based NCAA or the Spanish Liga ACB. The country does have a U-18 national team that competes at the FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship. Ghana is Africa's most populous nation to never qualify for a major international basketball tournament. \\\"never entered qualifying round\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18273854\",\n \"text\": \"comprises players who are in the Ghana Representative squad for the 2014 season. Ghana national rugby league team the Ghana national rugby league team represents Ghana in the sport of rugby league. Coming into existence in 2012, the Ghanaian Rugby League project was started up by the Rugby League European Federation (RLEF) and UK Sport International’s programme after Rugby League 9s were introduced as a Category 3 Sport by the Commonwealth Sports Committee. Various visits from UK clubs and officials helped create various school and university competitions within Ghana. Ghana had their first \\\"official\\\" fixture against international opposition in 2014.\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national rugby league team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17475814\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"never entered qualifying round\\\" \\\"never entered qualifying round\\\" \\\"never entered qualifying round\\\" Because of the unavailability of a national team, Ghanaian-born basketball players often opt to represent other national teams. Current notable Ghanaian-born players include: Ghana national basketball team The Ghana national basketball team represents Ghana in international competitions. It is administered by the Amateur Basketball Association of Ghana (GBBA). Ghana's senior national team only plays friendly games, despite its potentials and to the dismay of its fans. Ghanaian basketball players have played in some of the world's strongest leagues such as the US-based NCAA or the Spanish Liga ACB.\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14082218\",\n \"text\": \"limited studies that have been conducted into the effects of salt production on birdlife have to date not demonstrated an immediate serious adverse effect. Salt industry in Ghana The Ghanaian salt industry as of 2009 produces between 250,000 and 300,000 tonnes of salt annually. The Ghana Export Promotion Council (GEPC) has identified the sector as an important one to aid the diversification of Ghana's economy, and the Ghanaian government is currently within the process of developing the industry. Ghana has the production potential of 2.2 million tonnes of salt annually. Economists in Ghana believe the nation's salt industry represents a\",\n \"title\": \"Salt industry in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14082212\",\n \"text\": \"Salt industry in Ghana The Ghanaian salt industry as of 2009 produces between 250,000 and 300,000 tonnes of salt annually. The Ghana Export Promotion Council (GEPC) has identified the sector as an important one to aid the diversification of Ghana's economy, and the Ghanaian government is currently within the process of developing the industry. Ghana has the production potential of 2.2 million tonnes of salt annually. Economists in Ghana believe the nation's salt industry represents a potential source of revenue from Nigerian purchasers who currently rely on Brazilian imports. The GEPC has requested that the Commonwealth Secretariat establish a framework\",\n \"title\": \"Salt industry in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18273853\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana national rugby league team the Ghana national rugby league team represents Ghana in the sport of rugby league. Coming into existence in 2012, the Ghanaian Rugby League project was started up by the Rugby League European Federation (RLEF) and UK Sport International’s programme after Rugby League 9s were introduced as a Category 3 Sport by the Commonwealth Sports Committee. Various visits from UK clubs and officials helped create various school and university competitions within Ghana. Ghana had their first \\\"official\\\" fixture against international opposition in 2014. Their opponents were the Great Britain Pioneers Rugby League squad. The following list\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national rugby league team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20512034\",\n \"text\": \"The team's largest victories came on 29 March 1998 and 11 July 2004 when they defeated Guinea by 11–0 and 13–0, respectively. Their worst loss is 11–0 against Germany on 22 July 2016. Between 1991 and 2018, Ghana played 120 international matches, resulting in 66 victories, 22 draws and 32 defeats. As of September 2018, the Black Queens are ranked 47th in the FIFA Women's World Rankings. Ghana women's national football team results The Ghana women's national football team represents Ghana in women's association football and is administered by the Ghana Football Association (GFA); the association is affiliated to the\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana women's national football team results\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15736544\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana national under-23 football team Ghana U23 football team (also known as Ghana Olympic football team or Black Meteors), represents Ghana in international football competitions in Olympic Games, All-Africa Games, and CAF U-23 Championship. The selection is limited to players aged 23 and under the age of 23, except during the Olympic Games where the use of three overage players is allowed. The team is controlled by the Ghana Football Association (GFA). The team had qualified for five straight Olympic Games Football Tournaments when the tournament was still a full senior national team competition. In 1992, they became the first\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national under-23 football team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15736547\",\n \"text\": \"Games has been an under-23 tournament since 1991.\\\" Head coach: Malik Jabir Ghana national under-23 football team Ghana U23 football team (also known as Ghana Olympic football team or Black Meteors), represents Ghana in international football competitions in Olympic Games, All-Africa Games, and CAF U-23 Championship. The selection is limited to players aged 23 and under the age of 23, except during the Olympic Games where the use of three overage players is allowed. The team is controlled by the Ghana Football Association (GFA). The team had qualified for five straight Olympic Games Football Tournaments when the tournament was still\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national under-23 football team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20512033\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana women's national football team results The Ghana women's national football team represents Ghana in women's association football and is administered by the Ghana Football Association (GFA); the association is affiliated to the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Football has been played in the country since 1903, organised by the national association since 8 September 1957. In 1991, the Black Queens were \\\"hurriedly assembled\\\" ahead of their first official match during the qualifying rounds for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup, a 5–1 defeat against Nigeria on 16 February 1991 — the first women's association football match on African ground.\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana women's national football team results\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11084036\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana national under-17 football team The Ghana national U-17 football team known as the \\\"Black Starlets\\\", is the youngest team that represents Ghana in football. They are two-time FIFA U-17 World Cup Champions in 1991 and 1995 and a two-time Runner-up in 1993 and 1997. Ghana has participated in nine of the 17 World Cup events starting with their first in Scotland 1989 through dominating the competition in the 1990s where at one time they qualified for 4 consecutive World Cup finals in Italy 1991, Japan 1993, Ecuador 1995 and Egypt 1997 to their most recent participation in South Korea\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national under-17 football team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1304730\",\n \"text\": \"define as \\\"allies\\\". Over the years, the number of people that could in fact still be defined as \\\"class enemies\\\" kept reducing, seeing how the number of people that belonged to the \\\"wavering middle\\\" (people that were not allies, but could in fact not threaten the Party's regime) increased. Three Represents The Three Represents or the important thought of Three Represents is a guiding socio-political theory credited to Jiang Zemin, which was ratified by the Communist Party of China at the Sixteenth Party Congress in 2002. Jiang Zemin first introduced his theory on February 25, 2000 while on an inspection\",\n \"title\": \"Three Represents\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1304728\",\n \"text\": \"Three Represents The Three Represents or the important thought of Three Represents is a guiding socio-political theory credited to Jiang Zemin, which was ratified by the Communist Party of China at the Sixteenth Party Congress in 2002. Jiang Zemin first introduced his theory on February 25, 2000 while on an inspection tour in Maoming, Guangdong province. He was attempting a comprehensive summary of the party's historical experience and how to adapt to new situations and tasks when he stated: The official statement of the ideology stipulates that the Communist Party of China should be representative to advanced social productive forces,\",\n \"title\": \"Three Represents\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13476125\",\n \"text\": \"illegal under civil law. They are arguably considered to be legal under customary law. Men in polygamous marriages can more easily transfer the costs of childbearing and rearing to women. The religions that consist in Ghana currently are 12 percent Muslim, 38 percent traditionalist, 41 percent Christian, and the rest (about 9 percent) other. There were points of conflict in terms of marriage where the Islamic and traditional beliefs support polygamy while Christian beliefs support monogamy against polygamy. Nevertheless, religious tolerance in Ghana is very high. With that, polygamy has existed all over Africa because it represents aspects of their\",\n \"title\": \"Polygamy in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18735978\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana Water Company Ghana Water Company (formerly Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, Aqua Vitens, and Rand Limited) is the majority provider of water utility services in Ghana. In the pre-colonial era, inhabitants of what is now Ghana primarily drew their water directly from natural sources such as streams, lakes, and rivers. Prior to World War I, the first public water system was established in the then Gold coast by the British who were then colonizing the Gold Coast. In by that time the 1920s, other major towns and cities started having water systems which were built purposely to be used\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Water Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15943453\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana Bar Association The Ghana Bar Association (GBA) is a professional association of lawyers in Ghana, including what used to be called solicitors and barristers but are now called legal practitioners, as well as magistrates. By convention all lawyers admitted to practice in Ghana become automatic members of the association. The first president of the Ghanaian Bar was Sierra Leonean lawyer Frans Dove. The British parliament established the Supreme Court of Judicature for the Gold Coast Colony in 1876, with a Chief Justice and no more than four Puisne Justices. John Mensah Sarbah was the first native of Ghana to\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Bar Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10574229\",\n \"text\": \"Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana The Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana (\\\"Ewe:Presbyteria Nyanyui Hame le Ghana\\\") is a Protestant Christian denomination in Ghana. It is popularly referred to as the \\\"EP Church\\\". It has strong roots in the Evangelical and Reformed traditions. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Ghana was founded by German missionaries on November 14, 1847 in Peki. These missionaries from the North German Mission Society (\\\"Norddeutsche Mission, Bremen\\\"), together with the Basel Mission in 1847, started work among the Ewe people in what is now the Volta Region of Ghana. By the beginning of World War I, they had established two\",\n \"title\": \"Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16609161\",\n \"text\": \"each level. GNMTA currently has a strength of about three thousand persons including students and interns. The Ghana Nurse and Midwife Trainees Association is the official voice of student nurses and midwives including interns across the length and breadth of Ghana. The association represents student nurses and midwives including interns in all issues pertaining to welfare, discipline, and academics. The association is also an affiliate to the Ghana Registered Nurses Association (GRNA). The president of the association is Sarpong Ernest. The immediate past president is Andy Tetteh Hollyfield. The association had its annual congress on 8 to 12 October 2013\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Nurse and Midwife Trainees Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15943457\",\n \"text\": \"been sacked for demanding bribes. Then GBA President Frank Beecham said the association would fight corruption in all its forms. The GBA would establish a complaints unit to take complaints about corruption and ensure that offenders were prosecuted. Ghana Bar Association The Ghana Bar Association (GBA) is a professional association of lawyers in Ghana, including what used to be called solicitors and barristers but are now called legal practitioners, as well as magistrates. By convention all lawyers admitted to practice in Ghana become automatic members of the association. The first president of the Ghanaian Bar was Sierra Leonean lawyer Frans\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Bar Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11614482\",\n \"text\": \"Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country. Ghana–Nigeria relations Ghana–Nigeria relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Ghana and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Pre-colonial relations between the peoples who occupy what is Ghana and Nigeria today are mainly orally told stories which are hard\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana–Nigeria relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15922458\",\n \"text\": \"1974 decree of the National Redemption Council, the NRCD 285. There are currently proposals for its overhaul but these are still in the discussion stages. Nonetheless, VAG formerly known as Veterans Association of Ghana is now Veterans Administration of Ghana Veterans Association of Ghana The Veterans Association of Ghana is an association of former servicemen and women of the Gold Coast Regiment and the Ghana Armed Forces. It started originally as the Gold Coast Legion was formed in 1944 as a branch of what was then known as the British Empire Services League. It is now the Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services\",\n \"title\": \"Veterans Association of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12909733\",\n \"text\": \"that the writers did not adequately consider contemporary accounts such as those of al-Yakqubi (872 A.D.) al-Masudi (c. 944 A.D.), Ibn Hawqal (c. 977 A.D.), al-Biruni (c. 1036 A.D.), as well as al-Bakri, all of whom describe the population and rulers of Ghana as \\\"negroes\\\". Modern scholars, particularly African Muslim scholars, have argued about the extension of the Ghana Empire and tenure of its reign. Islamic religion was known very well around the Asian-African-European area. The African Arabist, Abu-Abdullah Adelabu has claimed that some non-Muslim historians played down the territorial expansion of the Ghana Empire in what he called an\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152592\",\n \"text\": \"By the early 11th century, the Akans were firmly established in the Akan state called Bonoman, for which the Brong-Ahafo Region is named. From the 13th century, Akans emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create several Akan states of Ghana, mainly based on gold trading. These states included Bonoman (Brong-Ahafo Region), Ashanti (Ashanti Region), Denkyira (Central region), Mankessim Kingdom (Western region), and Akwamu Eastern region. By the 19th century, the territory of the southern part of Ghana was included in the Kingdom of Ashanti, one of the most influential states in sub-saharan Africa prior\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15922457\",\n \"text\": \"Veterans Association of Ghana The Veterans Association of Ghana is an association of former servicemen and women of the Gold Coast Regiment and the Ghana Armed Forces. It started originally as the Gold Coast Legion was formed in 1944 as a branch of what was then known as the British Empire Services League. It is now the Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League. The first patron of the association was the Governor Sir Alan Burns. It became the Ghana Legion on the Gold Coast attaining its independence from the United Kingdom. The legal basis of the association is currently bound by a\",\n \"title\": \"Veterans Association of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"675888\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana, and controlled territories in the area of the Sénégal River and east towards the Niger rivers, in modern Senegal, Mauritania and Mali. For most of central sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural expansion marked the period before 500 AD. Farming began earliest on the southern tips of the Sahara, eventually giving rise to village settlements. Toward the end of the classical era, larger regional kingdoms had formed in West Africa, one of which was the Kingdom of Ghana, north of what is today the nation of Ghana. Before its fall at the beginning of the 10th century Ashanti migrants moved southward and\",\n \"title\": \"History of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19727711\",\n \"text\": \"Ghanaian people were seeing true narrative of who and what they are, made by indigenous Ghanaian filmmakers. By the early 1990s, approximately fifty VHS video movies per year were made in Ghana. Over time, professional and amateur filmmakers in Ghana produced films of similar quality and garnered equal respect. In 1996, the government of Ghana sold seventy percent of the equity in the GFIC to the Malaysian television production company, Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad of Kuala Lumpur. The GFIC was renamed \\\"Gama Media System Ltd\\\". This also affected the hopefully rising film industry in the country so bad. GFIC was\",\n \"title\": \"Cinema of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19238736\",\n \"text\": \"Ahmadiyya in Ghana Ahmadiyya is an Islamic branch in Ghana, under the spiritual leadership of the caliph in London. The early rise of the Community in Ghana can be traced through a sequence of events beginning roughly at the same time as the establishment of the worldwide Community in 1889 in India itself. It was during the early period of the Second Caliphate that the first missionary, Abdul Rahim Nayyar was sent to what was then the Gold Coast in 1921 upon invitation from Muslims in Saltpond. Having established the Ahmadiyya movement in the country, Nayyar left and was replaced\",\n \"title\": \"Ahmadiyya in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1835071\",\n \"text\": \"Ex-doe who further popularized the Hiplife music genre respectively. Hiplife has since proliferated and spawned stars such as Reggie Rockstone, Sherifa Gunu, Ayigbe Edem, Samini and Sarkodie. Producers responsible for steering this genre to what it is today were Hammer of The Last Two, Ball J, EL and Jupitar Dancehall Artiste. Ghana Hip hop or hip-hop music genre is a subculture and art movement which developed in Ghana during the late 1990's. The hiphop genre came into existence in Ghana through Reggie Rockstone, who is known as the hiplife father and other notable musicians such as Jayso and Ball J\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16643869\",\n \"text\": \"core humanist principles and what should be shifted to the broad spectrum of secularity. Openly professing atheism or antireligious beliefs can lead to public outrage, such as when the popular hiplife artist Mzbel stated that Jesus was a fake. Irreligion in Ghana Irreligion in Ghana is difficult to measure in the country, as regular demographic polling is not widespread and available statistics are often many years old. Many Ghanaian nationals claim the Christian faith. Many atheists in Ghana are not willing to openly express their beliefs due to the fear of persecution. Most secondary educational institutions also have some form\",\n \"title\": \"Irreligion in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152609\",\n \"text\": \"and there are two main seasons: the wet season and the dry season. Ghana is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy with a parliamentary multi-party system. Ghana alternated between civilian and military governments until January 1993, when the military government gave way to the Fourth Republic of Ghana after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution of Ghana divides powers among a Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces (President of Ghana), parliament (Parliament of Ghana), cabinet (Cabinet of Ghana), council of state (Ghanaian Council of State), and an independent judiciary (Judiciary of Ghana). The Government of Ghana is\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10681089\",\n \"text\": \"Bawku Central (Ghana parliament constituency) Bawku Central is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Bawku Central is located in the Bawku Municipal district of the Upper East Region of Ghana. The seat is located within the Bawku Municipal District in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Prior to the 2004 parliamentary election, the Pusiga constituency was carved out of the pre-existing Bawku Central constituency in what was then known as the Bawku East District. The current constituency is thus smaller\",\n \"title\": \"Bawku Central (Ghana parliament constituency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19879015\",\n \"text\": \"begin to reconnect after years of misunderstanding and unspoken feelings. Olu overcomes his fear of commitment, Sadie finds herself, and Fola learns what happened to Taiwo and Kehinde. The novel ends with the family on the path to healing and forgiveness. Kweku Sai: Leaves Ghana and becomes a renowned surgeon in the United States. He had dreams of returning to Ghana as the successful prodigal son, but his mother's untimely death and obstacles in his career made this dream unattainable. He is able to create what looks like the perfect life for his family. But when he is fired and\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Must Go (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152691\",\n \"text\": \"2017, Ghana ranks as the 43rd–most peaceful country in the world. To enter Ghana, it is necessary to have a visa authorised by the Government of Ghana. Travelers must apply for this visa at a Ghanaian embassy; this process can take approximately two weeks. By law, visitors entering Ghana must be able to produce a yellow fever vaccination certificate. Government General information Trade Ghana Ghana (), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of , Ghana is bordered by the\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152608\",\n \"text\": \"dominate Ghana, with forest extending northward from the south-west coast of Ghana on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean and eastward for a maximum of about with the Kingdom of Ashanti or the southern part of Ghana being a primary location for mining of industrial minerals and timber. Ghana encompasses plains, waterfalls, low hills, rivers, Lake Volta, the world's largest artificial lake, Dodi Island and Bobowasi Island on the south Atlantic Ocean coast of Ghana. The northernmost part of Ghana is Pulmakong and the southernmost part of Ghana is Cape Three Points. The climate of Ghana is tropical\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12909731\",\n \"text\": \"the fact that their genealogies linked them to this group, adding \\\"What is certain is that they were not Soninke.” (\\\"min al-sawadin\\\"). While the sixteenth-century versions of genealogies might have linked Ghana to the Sanhaja, earlier versions, for example as reported by the eleventh-century writer al-Idrisi and the thirteenth-century writer ibn Said, noted that rulers of Ghana in those days traced their descent from the clan of the Prophet Muhammad either through his protector Abi Talib, or through his son-in-law Ali. He says that 22 kings ruled before the Hijra and 22 after. While these early views lead to many\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152617\",\n \"text\": \"industrial hub of Tema, and the twelfth being the Railways, Ports and Harbours Division. The Ghana Police Service's Marine Police Unit and Division handles issues that arise from the country's offshore oil and gas industry. The Ghana Prisons Service and the sub-division Borstal Institute for Juveniles administers incarceration in Ghana. Ghana retains and exercises the death penalty for treason, corruption, robbery, piracy, drug trafficking, rape, and homicide. 27 convicts (all men) were sentenced to death in Ghana in 2012 and the Ghana Prisons Service statistics of the total number of convicts sentenced to death in Ghana was 162 men and\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152605\",\n \"text\": \"the Republic of Ghana by John Atta Mills of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) following the Ghanaian presidential election, 2008. and John Atta Mills was inaugurated as the third president of the fourth republic of Ghana and eleventh president of Ghana on 7 January 2009, prior to John Atta Mills being succeeded as president of Ghana by then vice-president of Ghana John Dramani Mahama on 24 July 2012. Following the Ghanaian presidential election, 2012, John Dramani Mahama became President-elect and was inaugurated as the 4th President of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and 7th President of Ghana on 7 January\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152657\",\n \"text\": \"of the largest where there are celebrations to Ganesh Chaturthi, Rath Yatra, and other Hindu observations. , there are 375,000 registered legal skilled workers (permanent residents) or foreign workers/students (i.e. Ghana Card holders) inhabitants with an annually 1.5 million transited airport layovers. In its first post-colonial census in 1960, Ghana had a population of 6.7 million. The median age of Ghanaian citizens is 30 years old and the average household size is 3.6 persons. The Government of Ghana states that the official language of Ghana is English, and is spoken by 67.1% of the inhabiting population of Ghana. , Ghana\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152653\",\n \"text\": \"public universities in Ghana: the University of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University of Cape Coast, University of Education, University for Development Studies, University of Mines and Technology, University of Professional Studies, Accra, University of Energy and Natural Resources, and University of Health and Allied Sciences. Ghana has a growing number of accredited private universities including Lancaster University, Ghana, Ghana Technology University College, Ashesi University College, Methodist University College Ghana, Central University College, Accra Institute of Technology, Regent University College of Science and Technology, Valley View University, Catholic University College, Presbyterian university college, and Zenith University College.\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152628\",\n \"text\": \"Rlg Communications which manufactures tablet computers with smartphones and various consumer electronics. Ghana produces and exports an abundance of hydrocarbons such as sweet crude oil and natural gas. The 100% state-owned filling station company of Ghana, Ghana Oil Company (GOIL) is the number 1 petroleum and gas filling station of Ghana and the 100% state-owned state oil company Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) oversees hydrocarbon exploration and production of Ghana's entire petroleum and natural gas reserves. Ghana aims to further increase output of oil to per day and gas to per day. Ghana's Jubilee Oilfield which contains up to of\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152588\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana Ghana (), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of , Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south. \\\"Ghana\\\" means \\\"Warrior King\\\" in the Soninke language. The first permanent state in the territory of present-day Ghana dates back to the 11th century. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, of which the most powerful was\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16643868\",\n \"text\": \"It featured discussions on additional topics relevant to Humanism such as feminism, witchcraft accusations in West Africa and Humanist ceremonies. The organization currently has about fifty members and attracts limited media coverage. Work is still in progress to officially register the association and make it more broadly known in civic society. Humanism is not well known in Ghana and this, coupled with high levels of religious belief in Ghana makes it difficult for unbelievers to share their opinions freely without fear of stigma. There have been a few debates conducted by humanists in the country regarding what should be considered\",\n \"title\": \"Irreligion in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15278771\",\n \"text\": \"the Dutch outpost at Elmina, being repulsed four days later. \\\"Leander \\\" and Shirley then went on to capture four small Dutch forts: Fort Nassau (20 guns), Fort Amsterdam (32 guns) at Kormantine (Courmantyne or Apam, Fort Lijdzaamheid or Fort Patience (22 guns)), Fort Goede Hoop (18 guns) at Senya Beraku (Berricoe, Berku, Fort Barracco), and Fort Crèvecœur (32 guns), at Accra. Shirley then garrisoned those facilities with personnel from Cape Coast Castle. Fort Nassau, Ghana Fort Nassau, near Moree, Ghana, was the first fort that the Dutch established on what would become the Dutch Gold Coast. From 1598 onward,\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Nassau, Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15278768\",\n \"text\": \"Fort Nassau, Ghana Fort Nassau, near Moree, Ghana, was the first fort that the Dutch established on what would become the Dutch Gold Coast. From 1598 onward, Dutch merchants traded on the Gold Coast of Africa. Although the Gold Coast was already settled by Portuguese, there was little effort to evict the Dutch, as the military resources were committed to the war in Europe. This changed after the signing of the Twelve Years' Truce between Portugal-Spain and the Dutch Republic in 1609. The Portuguese now had sufficient resources to protect their trade monopoly, and began attacking the (from the Portuguese\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Nassau, Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2615092\",\n \"text\": \"the country's struggle for independence from Great Britain, the gold represents the mineral wealth of the country, the green symbolises the country's rich forests and natural wealth, and the black star is the symbol of African emancipation. The black star was adopted from the flag of the Black Star Line, a shipping line incorporated by Marcus Garvey that operated from 1919 to 1922. It is where the Ghana national football team derive their nickname, the \\\"Black Stars\\\". Under terms of section 183 of Ghana's Merchant Shipping Act of 1963, the civil ensign is a red flag with the national flag\",\n \"title\": \"Flag of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152662\",\n \"text\": \"the infant mortality rate was 38.52 deaths/1,000 live births. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 4% of women in Ghana have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM). The practice has been made illegal in the country. Ghana is also the birth country of anti-FGM campaigner Efua Dorkenoo. Ghana has a universal health care system strictly designated for Ghanaian nationals, National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Health care is very variable throughout Ghana and in 2012, over 12 million Ghanaian nationals were covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana) (NHIS). Urban centres are well served, and contain most of the hospitals, clinics,\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152659\",\n \"text\": \"Upper East, and 0.7 million in Upper West). , 2.1 million persons reside in Ewe territory Volta. Due to the recent legal immigration of skilled workers who possess Ghana Cards, there is a small population of Chinese, Malaysian, Indian, Middle Eastern and European nationals. In 2010, the Ghana Immigration Service reported a large number of economic migrants and Illegal immigrants inhabiting Ghana: 14.6% (or 3.1 million) of Ghana's 2010 population (predominantly Nigerians, Burkinabe citizens, Togolese citizens, and Malian citizens). In 1969, under the \\\"Ghana Aliens Compliance Order\\\" (GACO) enacted by the Prime Minister of Ghana Kofi Abrefa Busia; Government of\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152656\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana long before the other tribes came. Akans had established Bonoman (Brong Ahafo region) and were joined by the current settlers and inhabitants by the 16th century. In 2010, the population of Ghana was 72.2% Christian (24.3% Pentecostal, 18.4% Protestant, 13.1% Catholic and 11.4% other). Approximately 18.6% of the population of Ghana are Muslim, (51% Sunni, 16% Ahmadiyya, and 8% Shia). About 3.4% of the population follow Hinduism. Of these, 98% are indigenous converts. Hinduism in Ghana was popularized by Swami Ghana Nanda ji, who opened several temples in the nation. The temple of Lord Shiva in Accra is one\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152631\",\n \"text\": \"South Ghana are gold, silver, timber, diamonds, bauxite, and manganese. South Ghana also has great deposits of barite, basalt, clay, dolomite, feldspar, granite, gravel, gypsum, iron ore, kaolin, laterite, limestone, magnesite, marble, mica, phosphates, phosphorus, rocks, salts, sand, sandstone, silver, slate, talc, and uranium that are yet to be fully exploited. The Government of Ghana has drawn up plans to nationalise Ghana's entire mining industry to increase government revenues. The real estate and housing market of Ghana has become an important and strategic economic sector, particularly in the urban centres of south Ghana such as Accra, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi and Tema.\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152616\",\n \"text\": \"possible bilateral trade at the Islamic Republic of Iran's presidential palace, Sa'dabad Palace. The Ghana Police Service (GPS) and the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) are the main law enforcement agencies of the Republic of Ghana, and are responsible for the detection of crime, maintenance of law and order and the maintenance of internal peace and security. The Ghana Police Service has eleven specialised police units including a Militarized Police Rapid deployment force (RDF) and Marine Police Unit (MPU). The Ghana Police Service operates in 12 divisions: ten covering the ten regions of Ghana, one assigned specifically to the seaport and\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19423976\",\n \"text\": \"has helped thousands of families to escape from poverty for good thanks to its microloan, savings and training services and its highly innovative social vision.\\\" In 2012, ID Ghana became a Field Partner of the crowdfunding non-profit Kiva.org. As of March 31, 2016, ID Ghana had posted 2,033 loans to Kiva.org (for a value of 2,431K USD), of which 1,972 (2,310K USD) had been fully funded by Kiva's lenders. In 2015, ID Ghana represented 47% of Kiva's loan portfolio in Ghana, followed by Grameen Ghana (20%) and ASA Initiative (18%). ID Ghana Initiative Development Ghana (or ID Ghana) is a\",\n \"title\": \"ID Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19423974\",\n \"text\": \"ID Ghana Initiative Development Ghana (or ID Ghana) is a Ghanaian MicroFinance Institution (MFI) based in the Dansoman neighborhood of Accra, Ghana. Founded in 1998, ID Ghana offers loans, voluntary savings, and a host of business support services and financial literacy training to people living in the Greater Accra region. ID Ghana is registered as a Financial NGO (FNGO) in Ghana. ID Ghana's mission statement is: \\\"To live in a world where the Poor are able to develop their own in-come-generating activity in order to reach better nutrition, health and educational standards.\\\" As of 2014, ID Ghana had 800K USD\",\n \"title\": \"ID Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19104864\",\n \"text\": \"News Ghana News Ghana is a Ghanaian independent news portal. Its one of the most visited in Ghana, with 200,000 average daily visits. News Ghana formerly known as Spy Ghana started in 2010 as a news blog by Madam Mushura Don-Baare and became a News Portal in January 2013. Spy Ghana also made world headlines for the wrong reasons in 2012. News Ghana is managed by Roger A. Agana, who is co-founder, former general manager and editor of Modernghana.com. The parent company of \\\"News Ghana\\\" is M'ideas Group with operations throughout Africa specializing in news reporting, public relations, advertisement, product\",\n \"title\": \"News Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152680\",\n \"text\": \"men's football team is known as the Black Stars, with the under-20 team known as the Black Satellites. Ghana has won the African Cup of Nations four times, the FIFA U-20 World Cup once, and has participated in three consecutive FIFA World Cups dating back to 2006. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Ghana became the third African country to reach the quarter-final stage of the World Cup after Cameroon in 1990 and Senegal in 2002. Ghana national U-20 football team, known as the \\\"Black Satellites\\\", is considered to be the feeder team for the Ghana national football team. Ghana\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152606\",\n \"text\": \"2013, to serve one term of office of four-year term length as President of Ghana until 7 January 2017, maintaining Ghana's status as a stable democracy. As a result of the Ghanaian presidential election, 2016, Nana Akufo-Addo became President-elect and was inaugurated as the 5th President of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and 8th President of Ghana on 7 January 2017, to serve one term of office of four-year term length as President of Ghana, until 7 January 2021. Ghana is located on the Gulf of Guinea, only a few degrees north of the Equator, therefore giving it a warm\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11084040\",\n \"text\": \"are superb. And technique is what it takes to make a good player. \\\"What else goes towards making Ghana so strong?\\\" Otto Pfister continues; In Africa there is often only one way for many young lads to escape from poverty and to make their way up the social scale - football. Youngsters want to become stars and to play in a top European league. That is their main aim and they will do anything to achieve it. Let me give you an example: While I was coaching in Ghana I once told my team to be ready for training at\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana national under-17 football team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6765097\",\n \"text\": \"GTV (Ghana) GTV (Ghana Today Television) is the national public broadcaster of Ghana, run by the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. It commenced operations on July 31, 1965 and was originally known as GBC TV. GTV broadcasts mainly local programming, with over 80% of the schedule consisting of original productions. Although its main production studio is located in Accra, capital city of Ghana, it has affiliations nationwide and covers 98% of the airwaves in Ghana, making it the most powerful mode of advertisement in Ghana. Although GTV is largely funded by the Ghanaian government, it also collects annual fees from viewers .\",\n \"title\": \"GTV (Ghana)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12503929\",\n \"text\": \"Ecobank Ghana Ecobank Ghana is a commercial bank in Ghana. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Bank of Ghana, the national banking regulator. EBG is a member of the Pan-African Ecobank chain which operates in thirty two (32) countries. The stock of Ecobank Ghana is listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange, where its shares are traded under the symbol EGH. The bank is a fully networked commercial bank in Ghana with branches (total of 77 as of December 2016) in almost all regions of the nation. The bank was formed in 1990. In December 2011, Bank\",\n \"title\": \"Ecobank Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10794201\",\n \"text\": \"down the value of its stake in Ghana Telecom by £250m as the economic climate worsened, damaging the business's prospects. On 15 April 2009, Ghana Telecom, along with its mobile subsidiary OneTouch, was rebranded as Vodafone Ghana. In 2016, Vodafone Ghana was the country's second largest operator with a market share for April 2016 as 21.92% and 25.32% of data behind African communications giant MTN Ghana. Vodafone Ghana was recognized as the top Philanthropic and Health Support Institution by Media Men Ghana at the 2017 People's Choice Practitioners Honours. The company, in collaboration with British Council, established the Vodafone Scholar\",\n \"title\": \"Vodafone Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14861880\",\n \"text\": \"created 29 new constituencies. What was left became the Upper Denkyira East constituency. Benjamin Kofi Ayeh, the current MP for the constituency was first elected in 2004 and retained his seat in the 2008 parliamenary election. Upper Denkyira West (Ghana parliament constituency) Upper Denkyira West is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The Upper Denkyira West constituency is located in the Upper Denkyira district of the Central Region of Ghana. The seat is located entirely within the Upper Denkyira district\",\n \"title\": \"Upper Denkyira West (Ghana parliament constituency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11504618\",\n \"text\": \"TV3 Ghana TV3 Network Limited (TV3 Ghana) is a private, free-to-air television broadcaster in Ghana. Launched in 1997 by Thai company BEC-TERO, TV3 Ghana airs and produces a variety of television programmes including acclaimed news bulletins, dramas and successful reality television and entertainment shows. In year 1999, it was sold to Media Prima, a Malaysian company, and then taken over by a Ghanaian company called Media General Ghana Limited in 2011. TV3 Ghana established itself as the most watched free-to-air television station in Ghana, having achieved 65% nationwide penetration at end-2006 and aiming to reach 90% by 2008. However, TV3\",\n \"title\": \"TV3 Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152772\",\n \"text\": \"do not go outside of Ghana and the Ghana national border. Ghana railway network is limited to south Ghana and the southern part of Ghana within the Greater Accra region, Central region, Western region, Eastern region and Ashanti region of south Ghana. There are plans underway that revamp the operations of the Ghana Railway Corporation and Ghana Railway Company to make it more viable, and to attract private sector participation. Concession agreements have been signed by the Ghana Railway Corporation for the development and extension of the Ghana Eastern Rail Line and the rehabilitation of the Ghana Western Rail Line.\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4997523\",\n \"text\": \"of his people. I heard what the secretary general said and I wasn't surprised because of where he is coming from, but we only listened to him. We have all made our positions well known. Nobody can say in Ghana we discriminate against homosexuality, there is no witch-hunting on homosexuality ... that is their own problem so we only listen and move on. The secretary general has made his views known and we have also made our views known so the value is the same. Violent mob attacks directed against LGBT people are common in Ghana. In 2012, a birthday\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT rights in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17988101\",\n \"text\": \"not sure of the causes of death of the whales. \\\"It's definitely unusual. But what may be the cause we can't put our finger on,\\\" said A.K. Armah, a lecturer at the University of Ghana, who studies marine life. “It is important to note that dead whales that have been washed ashore in Ghana were in a decomposed state and, therefore, samples could not be taken for laboratory analysis to ascertain the cause of death,” the Ministry of Fisheries and the Fisheries Commission said in a joint statement signed by the sector Minister, Mr Nayon Bilijo. The Fisheries Commission said:\",\n \"title\": \"Cetacean strandings in Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17015616\",\n \"text\": \"us For something good to offer So we do our best our best always To live and die for our dear Ghanassco Ghana Senior High School Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua, popularly known as GHANASS, is a high school in Koforidua. It was preceded by the establishment of two colleges that ultimately combined into what is currently known as The Beacon of the East In 1943, Mr. Fred Addae and Mr. Francis Adjei Tetebo established a school with an initial population of 16 boys called Phoenix College in a private temporary building. By 1950, an increase in student population necessitated\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Senior High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17015611\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana Senior High School Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua, popularly known as GHANASS, is a high school in Koforidua. It was preceded by the establishment of two colleges that ultimately combined into what is currently known as The Beacon of the East In 1943, Mr. Fred Addae and Mr. Francis Adjei Tetebo established a school with an initial population of 16 boys called Phoenix College in a private temporary building. By 1950, an increase in student population necessitated the movement of the school into a new location which currently houses the Normal Technical Institute, Koforidua. The change in location brought\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Senior High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16621216\",\n \"text\": \"Indian Association of Ghana The Indian Association of Ghana (IAG) is a merchant association that has a long colourful history. In 1939, the first ever Indian Merchants Association in West Africa was formed in the ‘Gold Coast’. In fact, this was the first body created in the entire West African Region by Indian traders - Metharam Brothers, Bombay Bazaar, Lilaram Thanwardas, Mahtani Brothers, T. Chandiram, K. Chellaram, Hariram Brothers, Wassiamal Brothers, G. Motiram, Punjabi Brothers and D. P. Motwani. These were the founding members of what the Indian Association is today, and they elected Mr. K. W. Mahtani as their\",\n \"title\": \"Indian Association of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11614505\",\n \"text\": \"trial, several crew members admitted that the charges were substantially true. Although they were convicted and imprisoned, three subsequently escaped with what the PNDC alleged was CIA assistance. In spite of these incidents, relations between the United States and Ghana had improved markedly by the late 1980s. Former United States president Jimmy Carter visited Ghana in 1986 and again in 1988 and was warmly received by the PNDC. His Global 2000 agricultural program, which is quite popular with Ghanaian farmers, is helping promote good relations with the United States. In 1989 the United States forgave US$114 million of Ghana's foreign\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15166578\",\n \"text\": \"[her] songs.\\\" \\\"The Moon Represents My Heart,\\\" however, is often cited as one of her best-known or most popular pieces. Before Teng's music arrived, such romantic songs had been nonexistent in China for many years as they were considered bourgeois and decadent. As film director Jia Zhangke later said, \\\"'The Moon Represents My Heart' [was] something completely new. So people of my generation were suddenly infected with this very personal, individual world. Before that, everything was collective...\\\" Teng died of an asthma attack in 1995, but \\\"The Moon Represents My Heart\\\" has been performed frequently in Asia into the 21st\",\n \"title\": \"The Moon Represents My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11960513\",\n \"text\": \"Miss Universe Ghana Miss Universe Ghana whose slogan is \\\"Ghana's Next Sweetheart\\\" is a national pageant that sends representatives to the Miss Universe pageant. This pageant is unrelated to Miss Ghana or Miss Earth Ghana pageant. The current Miss Universe Ghana is Akpene Diata Hoggar who was crowned on September 15, 2018, in Accra, Ghana. Miss Ghana Organization franchised Miss Universe for Miss Ghana winner between 1991 and 1998. Miss Universe Ghana was handled by R. Ayite Okyne took over the event directing and show production and eventually joined Juliette Korsah as National Director for the Miss Universe Ghana pageant.\",\n \"title\": \"Miss Universe Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2686021\",\n \"text\": \"used to fund the office of the Ghanaian High Commission in Abuja. Ghana Airways previously operated the following aircraft in later years: Ghana Airways Ghana Airways Limited was the national airline of the Republic of Ghana with its main base of operation, and hub, at Kotoka International Airport in Accra. The airline ceased operations in 2004. Ghana Airways was founded on 4 July 1958 by the government of Ghana with start up capital of ₤400,000; the government holding a 60 percent stake, with BOAC holding the remainder. When the company was founded, a seven-year agreement between the airline and BOAC\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Airways\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19423975\",\n \"text\": \"on deposit, and a gross loan portfolio of 1.3M USD. ID Ghana made 11,925 microloans in 2014, 96% of which were to women entrepreneurs. ID Ghana has three principal loan products: In 2007, ID Ghana developed a strategic partnership with Entrepreneurs du Monde, a French NGO that supports the development of the microfinance sector throughout the world. The Entrepreneurs du Monde website discusses the partnership as follows: \\\"Since 2007, Entrepreneurs du Monde has been supporting ID Ghana, a unique MFI in Ghana and a reference in the field of social microfinance for the poorest members of the population. ID Ghana\",\n \"title\": \"ID Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19224171\",\n \"text\": \"Ticket Ghana Ticket Ghana is an online ticketing company that expanded to become an online travel agency based in Accra, Ghana. It was founded in the year 2009 by a young Ghanaian born Cypriot businessman Basil Anthony. The company was founded to sell tickets online for entertainers in Ghana. It failed due to the unpopularity of online purchases in Ghana. The event business in Ghana never gained its online presence making the company expand to another business venture; the sale of airfare tickets. However the increase of internet usage with social media gave the company more opportunities to offer social\",\n \"title\": \"Ticket Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19104865\",\n \"text\": \"review, search engine optimization (SEO), domain registration, web hosting and designing. According to statistics from web traffic analytics company Alexa Internet, News Ghana has a market share of 53.3% from Ghana, 17.2% from India, 14.1% from Nigeria, 2.7% from USA, 1.3% from Germany. Editors of News Ghana portal focus on publishing fair, balanced, factual and relevant news based and feature articles. The news portal encompasses hot political issues, business news and reports, the world of entertainment, economic and social reports. News Ghana News Ghana is a Ghanaian independent news portal. Its one of the most visited in Ghana, with 200,000\",\n \"title\": \"News Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16492899\",\n \"text\": \"CFAO Ghana CFAO Ghana, also known as CFAO Motors Ghana, is a Ghanaian automobiles company. It was formed in 1909 and is currently headed by Thomas Pelletier. CFAO Ghana is a subsidiary of CFAO Automotive, the largest automobile network in Africa and the overseas French territories. It is also the exclusive Ghanaian distributor for seven internationally renowned brands which are Citröen, Mitsubishi Motors, Fuso, DAF Trucks, Bridgestone, SYM and Suzuki. CFAO Motors Ghana covers the whole Ghana from its three branches in Takoradi, Accra and Kumasi. The company comprises over 129 personnel work together in meeting the needs of customers\",\n \"title\": \"CFAO Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13544309\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana Post Ghana Post is the company responsible for postal service in Ghana and a member of the West African Postal Conference. On January 26, 2017, employees of Ghana Post publicly protested against the current management, leveling accusations of embezzlement. Some of the Ghana Post employees accused Eric Yao, then Managing Director, of colluding with Head of ICT, Godfred Aboagye, and director of finance and administration, Solomon Agyeito, to embezzle funds. Aboagye was promptly removed from his job and put under investigation for embezzlement. In the following month the Government of Ghana removed Yao from his post and appointed James\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Post\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12909753\",\n \"text\": \"parts of products that were trade within Ghana were salt and gold. With gold and salt being transported and traded through Ghana, the Kingdom of Ghana was able to become very wealthy by taxing the goods that came through the trade center. Other materials that were popular within trading in Ghana were ivory, slaves, horses, swords, spices, silks, and even books from Europeans. Because Ghana had a large military force, they would charge people for protection if they so desired it when trading to protect themselves and their goods. The fact that Ghana had many trade routes that were well\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12503930\",\n \"text\": \"of Ghana, the central bank of the country, which also functions as the national banking regulator, gave approval for Ecobank Transnational to acquire 100% interest in The Trust Bank (TTB), another licensed commercial bank. At the time, the total asset valuation of TTB was approximately US$119 million (GH¢ 220 million). Ecobank has successfully merged TTB and EBG. The new bank is known as Ecobank Ghana Limited. Ecobank Ghana Ecobank Ghana is a commercial bank in Ghana. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Bank of Ghana, the national banking regulator. EBG is a member of the Pan-African\",\n \"title\": \"Ecobank Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10794202\",\n \"text\": \"Project which will provide full and partial scholarships to female high school and undergraduate students studying STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) subjects who don’t have the financial means to pursue continued study. In 2016, Vodafone made a ground-breaking deal with Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). In the GHS14m agreement spanning five years, the company will provide an enhanced high speed internet and Wi-Fi connectivity to all faculties across the University’s campuses in Ghana. Vodafone Ghana Vodafone Ghana, formerly Ghana Telecom, is the national telecommunications company of Ghana. The company in Ghana operates under Vodafone Group Plc\",\n \"title\": \"Vodafone Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10794199\",\n \"text\": \"Vodafone Ghana Vodafone Ghana, formerly Ghana Telecom, is the national telecommunications company of Ghana. The company in Ghana operates under Vodafone Group Plc - the world's leading mobile telecommunications company, with a significant presence in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States. As of April 2016, it had around 7,976,348 mobile voice subscribers, representing 21.92% of the Ghanaian market shares. On 3 July 2008 it was announced that Vodafone had agreed to acquire 70% of Ghana Telecom from the Ghanaian government at a cost of US$900 million and a total enterprise value of approximately US$1.3 billion.\",\n \"title\": \"Vodafone Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152634\",\n \"text\": \"Ghana also signed four bilateral agreements to promote public sector and private sector collaboration, as Ghana aims to predominantly shift its economic trade partnership to East Asia and Southeast Asia. The economic centre is IE Singapore's second office in Africa, coming six months after opening in Johannesburg, South Africa in January 2013. Ghana's labour force in 2008 totalled 11.5 million Ghanaian citizens. Tema Harbour is Africa's largest harbour and Takoradi Harbour along with Tema harbour in Ghana handles goods and exports for Ghana. They are also traffic junctions where goods are transhipped; the Tema harbour handles the majority of the\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152630\",\n \"text\": \"continues to increase. The Government of Ghana has drawn up plans to nationalise Ghana's entire petroleum and natural gas reserves to increase government revenue. Known for its industrial minerals, Ghana is the world's 7th largest producer of gold; producing over 102 metric tons of gold and the 10th largest producer of gold in the world in 2012; producing 89 metric tons of gold. Ghana is the 2nd largest producer of gold on the Africa continent behind South Africa. Ghana has the 9th largest reserves, and is the 9th largest producer, of diamonds in the world. Industrial minerals and exports from\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152626\",\n \"text\": \"Volta River in 1965, along with Bui Dam, Kpong Dam, and several other hydroelectric dams provide hydropower. In addition, the Government of Ghana has sought to build the second nuclear power plant in Africa. The Ghana Stock Exchange is the 5th largest on continental Africa and 3rd largest in sub-saharan Africa with a market capitalisation of GH¢ 57.2 billion or CN¥ 180.4 billion in 2012 with the South Africa JSE Limited as first. The Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) was the 2nd best performing stock exchange in sub-saharan Africa in 2013. Ghana also produces high-quality cocoa. It is the 2nd largest\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152625\",\n \"text\": \"In 2013, the Bank of Ghana began circulating the renminbi throughout Ghanaian state-owned banks and to the Ghana public as hard currency along with the national Ghana cedi for second national trade currency. Between 2012 and 2013, 37.9 percent of rural dwellers were experiencing poverty whereas only 10.6 percent of urban dwellers were. Urban areas hold greater opportunity for employment, particularly in informal trade, while nearly all (94 percent) of rural poor households participate in the agricultural sector. The state-owned Volta River Authority and Ghana National Petroleum Corporation are the two major electricity producers. The Akosombo Dam, built on the\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"152591\",\n \"text\": \"Africa, but the empire was further north than the modern country of Ghana, in the region of Guinea. Ghana was already recognized as one of the great kingdoms in Bilad el-Sudan by the ninth century. Ghana was inhabited in the Middle Ages and the Age of Discovery by a number of ancient predominantly Akan kingdoms in the Southern and Central territories. This included the Ashanti Empire, the Akwamu, the Bonoman, the Denkyira, and the Mankessim Kingdom. Although the area of present-day Ghana in West Africa has experienced many population movements, the Akans were firmly settled by the 5th century BC.\",\n \"title\": \"Ghana\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["flag of ghana"],"string":"[\n \"flag of ghana\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1186,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what to see in downtown asheville nc?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"18252164","text":"Historic Places in 1979, with boundary increases in 1989 and 1990. An increase / decrease occurred in 2011. Downtown Asheville Historic District Downtown Asheville Historic District is a national historic district located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The district encompasses about 279 contributing buildings and 1 contributing objects in the central business district of Asheville. It includes commercial, institutional, and residential buildings in a variety of popular architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Queen Anne, and Art Deco. Located in the district and listed separately are the Asheville City Hall, Buncombe County Courthouse, Thomas Wolfe House, Young Men's Institute Building,","title":"Downtown Asheville Historic District"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18252164\",\n \"text\": \"Historic Places in 1979, with boundary increases in 1989 and 1990. An increase / decrease occurred in 2011. Downtown Asheville Historic District Downtown Asheville Historic District is a national historic district located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The district encompasses about 279 contributing buildings and 1 contributing objects in the central business district of Asheville. It includes commercial, institutional, and residential buildings in a variety of popular architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Queen Anne, and Art Deco. Located in the district and listed separately are the Asheville City Hall, Buncombe County Courthouse, Thomas Wolfe House, Young Men's Institute Building,\",\n \"title\": \"Downtown Asheville Historic District\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"19859203","text":"Hall, which serves as a homage to the club's downtown location. The \"AC\" monogram in the logo is a reference to the sport of soccer's tradition in emblems over the last century. The \"AC\" stands for 'Asheville City' as well as used to recognize the city's love for the game. City play at Memorial Stadium in downtown Asheville. Asheville City competes with Chattanooga FC for the \"Blue Ridge Derby\". Asheville City also competes in the \"Carolina Clasico\" with Greenville FC. Asheville City SC Asheville City SC is an amateur soccer team based in Asheville, North Carolina. Founded in 2016, the","title":"Asheville City SC"},{"psg_id":"14081727","text":"Asheville Redefines Transit Asheville Redefines Transit (art) is the municipally-owned operator of public transportation in Asheville, North Carolina. The agency provides service from 5:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. on Monday through Saturday; and from 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Sundays and Holidays. The standard fare is $1. The main and only station is located at 49 Coxe Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801. The management company for Asheville Redefines Transit is RATP Dev. Schedule and route changes were made in January 2015. ART has no service on Thanksgiving and Christmas Day. Service is suspended after 6:30 p.m. on Christmas Eve, 2014.","title":"Asheville Redefines Transit"},{"psg_id":"12886943","text":"As listed in liner notes. See What You Want to See See What You Want to See is American country music artist Radney Foster's third studio album. It was released in 1999 on Arista Records. The record features a number of notable guests, such as Darius Rucker from Hootie & the Blowfish, as well as Abra Moore and Emmylou Harris. Singles from this album were \"I'm In\" and \"Godspeed (Sweet Dreams).\" \"Raining on Sunday\" was later recorded by Keith Urban on his 2002 album \"Golden Road\", from which it was released as a single in 2003. The Kinleys released a","title":"See What You Want to See"},{"psg_id":"12886941","text":"See What You Want to See See What You Want to See is American country music artist Radney Foster's third studio album. It was released in 1999 on Arista Records. The record features a number of notable guests, such as Darius Rucker from Hootie & the Blowfish, as well as Abra Moore and Emmylou Harris. Singles from this album were \"I'm In\" and \"Godspeed (Sweet Dreams).\" \"Raining on Sunday\" was later recorded by Keith Urban on his 2002 album \"Golden Road\", from which it was released as a single in 2003. The Kinleys released a cover of \"I'm In\" from","title":"See What You Want to See"},{"psg_id":"16345625","text":"understood that Palin’s appearance and the Zombie Walk might clash and was able to address the situation beforehand. Burrello said, “I mean, when you see 700 shambling dead zombies walking toward the Civic Center up the bridge, it would probably get the Secret Service's attention. So we gave them a heads up on it to make sure they know we're not doing any kind of protest or (are a) threat in anyway.” The Asheville zombie Palin protestors appeared in several national media programs, including “Countdown with Keith Olbermann” on MSNBC. In October 2011, the Zombie Walk moved from downtown Asheville","title":"Asheville Zombie Walk"},{"psg_id":"1172236","text":"for Duke to assess the sources and extent of contamination at the Riverbend power plant in Asheville. Duke was to be fined $99,100. However, following the coal ash spill in Eden, NC, the North Carolina DENR cancelled all previous settlements with Duke Energy. The city of Asheville claims a clear focus on sustainability and the development of a green economy. For Asheville, this goal is defined in their Sustainability Management Plan as: \"Making decisions that balance the values of environmental stewardship, social responsibility and economic vitality to meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"19260048","text":"Green Man Brewery (Asheville) Green Man Brewery is a craft beer brewery in Asheville, North Carolina. It is Asheville's second officially established brewery. Green Man Brewery was started in 1997 in the brew pub Jack of the Wood in downtown Asheville. Initially brewed in dairy tanks at the brewery's inception, the operations were relocated to a new brewery and connected taproom nicknamed \"Dirty Jack's\" in 2005, located in the South Slope area of Downtown Asheville, Buxton Avenue. Ownership switched from Joe Eckert to the current owner in 2010, while original brewer John Stuart continued to brew for Green Man after","title":"Green Man Brewery (Asheville)"},{"psg_id":"7278693","text":"to 10,000. In response to this population influx, Asheville began a public School System in 1888, which originally consisted of a high school and three elementary schools. The elementary schools were the Orange Street School (currently occupied by NC DOT offices), Queen Carson Elementary School (currently occupied by a bus garage) and Montford Avenue School (replaced by the current William Randolph Elementary in the early 1950s). The high school was located at the corner of Broadway and Woodfin Street, in what had been the private home of Nicholas Woodfin. After use for educational purposes ceased about 1923 this structure was","title":"Asheville High School"},{"psg_id":"1172249","text":"the first ActionFest \"man of action.\" The Twin Rivers Media Festival is an independent multi-media film festival held annually in downtown Asheville. The festival held its 20th annual event in May 2013. Asheville is in the \"Greenville-Spartanburg-Asheville-Anderson\" television DMA and the \"Asheville\" radio ADI for the city's . The primary television station in Asheville is ABC affiliate WLOS-TV Channel 13, with studios in Biltmore Park and a transmitter on Mount Pisgah. Other stations licensed to Asheville include WUNF, a PBS station on Channel 33 and The CW affiliate WYCW on Channel 62. Asheville is also served by the Upstate South","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"16679163","text":"What Do You See? \"What Do You See?\" (就在这里 in Mandarin) is a song by Singaporean band Electrico. It was commissioned as the official theme song for the 2009 National Day Parade. The song is one of the few National Day Parade theme songs that does not mention the word \"\"Singapore\"\" in its lyrics. Its lyrics were cited by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in his 2018 National Day Message. Directed by Bertrand Lee, the music video opens with a bokeh and later sharpens to reveal band member David Tan. The camera then traces him around the downtown core of","title":"What Do You See?"},{"psg_id":"12710882","text":"areas: Adam District (West Asheville), Baker District (South and East Asheville), and Charlie District (North and Central Asheville). The department also has a variety of specialized units such as: K-9, Downtown Unit (bike patrol), Emergency Response Unit, Hazardous Devices Team, and Patrol Special Services. Asheville Police Department The Asheville Police Department (APD) is a nationally accredited police department and the primary law enforcement agency servicing a population of 72,789 people within of the municipality of Asheville, North Carolina. The Asheville Police Department was created in 1849 with a volunteer force of 5 officers and a captain. Because they were not","title":"Asheville Police Department"},{"psg_id":"15258818","text":"Asheville City Hall Asheville City Hall, the center of Asheville's city government, is an historic Art Deco brick and stone office building located on City-County Plaza in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. The building is one of the Art Deco Masterpieces of Asheville. Constructed in 1928, it was meant to be a twin to the new Buncombe County Courthouse, but instead the courthouse was built in a more conservative and classic style, and much taller than the city hall.","title":"Asheville City Hall"},{"psg_id":"15258819","text":"The wing connecting them together was never built, either. The building still serves the City of Asheville, while the Courthouse has undergone many renovations and expansions. The City Council Chamber is decorated by five murals by painter Clifford Addams. Asheville City Hall Asheville City Hall, the center of Asheville's city government, is an historic Art Deco brick and stone office building located on City-County Plaza in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. The building is one of the Art Deco","title":"Asheville City Hall"},{"psg_id":"15003488","text":"North Carolina Highway 146 North Carolina Highway 146 (NC 146) is a short east/west state highway in western North Carolina and lies entirely in Buncombe County, south of downtown Asheville. NC 146 begins its western end at NC 191 in the community of Avery Creek a census-designated place (CDP) south of Asheville. NC 146 travels east and at just over , immediately after crossing the French Broad River, intersects Interstate 26/U.S. 74 at exit 37. Passing exit 37, NC 146 enters the Asheville city limits and passes north of Lake Julian and Julian Lake Park before nearing its eastern end.","title":"North Carolina Highway 146"},{"psg_id":"18736126","text":"accepted the building from the contractor. The original plans, deeds and survey plats are still among the Temple's records. There have been several prominent Masons whose Masonic careers originated from the Asheville Masonic Temple. Asheville Masonic Temple The Asheville Masonic Temple is a Masonic Temple located in Asheville, North Carolina. Designed by British American architect and Freemason Richard Sharp Smith, the building was opened in April 1915. It is listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. It is a four-story pressed brick building with limestone and grey","title":"Asheville Masonic Temple"},{"psg_id":"1172210","text":"pay for a wide range of municipal and infrastructure improvements, including City Hall, the water system, Beaucatcher Tunnel, and Asheville High School. Rather than default, the city paid those debts over a period of fifty years. From the start of the depression through the 1980s, economic growth in Asheville was slow. During this time of financial stagnation, most of the buildings in the downtown district remained unaltered. Therefore, Asheville has one of the most impressive, comprehensive collections of Art Deco architecture in the United States. On July 15–16, 1916, the Asheville area was subject to severe flooding from the remnants","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"2011970","text":"was continuing to serve Asheville with Viscount propjets and also Douglas DC-6B prop aircraft with nonstop flights to Atlanta, Greensboro, NC, Raleigh/Durham and Washington D.C. National Airport as well as direct service to Mobile, New Orleans and New York City via Newark Airport. In 1966, Delta was operating only one daily flight from the airport with a Douglas DC-7 nonstop to Knoxville with continuing direct service to Louisville and Chicago O'Hare Airport. Piedmont was continuing to serve Asheville as well in 1966 and was operating Fairchild F-27 turboprops and Martin 4-0-4 prop aircraft with nonstop service to Atlanta, Charlotte, Knoxville,","title":"Asheville Regional Airport"},{"psg_id":"2011962","text":"Asheville Regional Airport Asheville Regional Airport is a Class C airport near Interstate 26 near the town of Fletcher, south of downtown Asheville, in the U.S. state of North Carolina, United States. It is owned by the Greater Asheville Regional Airport Authority. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. In 2017 it served an all-time record number of passengers for the airport, 956,634, an increase of more than 15% over 2016 and the fourth consecutive year of record","title":"Asheville Regional Airport"},{"psg_id":"18736123","text":"Asheville Masonic Temple The Asheville Masonic Temple is a Masonic Temple located in Asheville, North Carolina. Designed by British American architect and Freemason Richard Sharp Smith, the building was opened in April 1915. It is listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. It is a four-story pressed brick building with limestone and grey brick trim, upon a granite foundation. It has a red tile hipped roof above its front portion. The Broadway facade has a two-story portico with paired Ionic columns. Architect Smith was originally from England","title":"Asheville Masonic Temple"},{"psg_id":"3185897","text":"responsible members of their respective classes, and assist faculty members in running the dorms, managing study hall, and enforcing school standards. Prefects are also expected to serve on the Conduct Council (see \"Honor and School Life\"). The football rival of Asheville School (the Blues) is Christ School (the Greenies). At Asheville School, the rivalry game is preceded by a week of festivities that culminates in a pep rally the evening before the Blues take the field. The Asheville School-Christ School rivalry represents North Carolina's longest-running high school athletic rivalry. The traditional Asheville School dessert is the Asheville School banana: a","title":"Asheville School"},{"psg_id":"18964763","text":"it moved to its current downtown Asheville location, 15 miles from the both BMC campuses at Lake Eden and the Blue Ridge Assembly in Black Mountain, NC. BMCM+AC was first based out of founder Mary Holden Thompson's house in Black Mountain, NC. It expanded to Zone one contemporary, a gallery in downtown Asheville from 1991–2000 owned by long-time BMCM+AC board member Connie Bostic. The museum then moved to the Kellogg Conference Center in Hendersonville, NC followed by Warren Wilson College and finally 56 Broadway. In Summer 2014 BMCM+AC received a major grant from the Windgate Charitable Foundation (Siloam Springs, AR)","title":"Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center"},{"psg_id":"2011980","text":"the following morning at 6:00 AM but was defused after being detected by bomb-sniffing dogs. The terrorist, Michael Christopher Estes, was arrested and faces two federal charges. Asheville Regional Airport Asheville Regional Airport is a Class C airport near Interstate 26 near the town of Fletcher, south of downtown Asheville, in the U.S. state of North Carolina, United States. It is owned by the Greater Asheville Regional Airport Authority. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. In 2017","title":"Asheville Regional Airport"},{"psg_id":"12917687","text":"moved onto the Smokey Park Highway/Patton Avenue as a bypass in West Asheville. The old alignment became US 19A (today's US 19 Business). In 1952, US 19 was rerouted off Martins Creek Road and onto Blairsville Highway, near Ranger. In 1954, US 19 was realigned to its current route from Lake Junaluska to Clyde and Canton; of the old route was replaced by NC 209. Between 1955-57, US 19 was split onto one-way streets in downtown Asheville: Northbound used Patton, to Market, to Woodfin, to Broadway; southbound used Broadway to College, to Patton. In 1961, US 19 removed from downtown","title":"U.S. Route 19 in North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"16776470","text":"for juniors and seniors to gain college credit as part of their high school graduation requirements. In 2014 ACA was ranked in the top 50 Christian high schools in the United States. Asheville Christian Academy Asheville Christian Academy (ACA) is a private Christian school for grades K4-12 in Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is located on a 60-plus-acre campus in the Swannanoa River Valley, approximately 12 miles from downtown Asheville. The school is accredited by AdvancED and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI), with a teaching faculty of over 50, half of whom hold advanced degrees. The school is","title":"Asheville Christian Academy"},{"psg_id":"7278694","text":"the downtown YMCA until a new structure was built further east on Woodfin about 1970, and the old building torn down. The former high school campus is currently occupied by a bank. The City of Asheville built two structures in the early 1920s, Hall Fletcher in West Asheville and David Millard, on Oak Street, adjacent to First Baptist Church, which, together, were known as Asheville High School. The David Millard Campus occupied a portion of the grounds of a former girls' school, with the balance of the former school grounds covered by the Church. Athletic teams and extracurricular clubs were","title":"Asheville High School"},{"psg_id":"1172216","text":"historic districts and include Victorian houses. Biltmore Village, located at the entrance to the famous estate, showcases unique architectural features. It was here that workers stayed during the construction of George Vanderbilt's estate. The YMI Cultural Center, founded in 1892 by George Vanderbilt in the heart of downtown, is one of the nation's oldest African-American cultural centers. Asheville is the larger principal city of the Asheville-Brevard CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Asheville metropolitan area (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison counties) and the Brevard micropolitan area (Transylvania County), which had a combined population of 398,505 at the 2000","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"1172233","text":"located throughout the county with the headquarters and central library, Pack Memorial Library, being located downtown. The system also includes a law library in the Buncombe County Courthouse and a genealogy and local history department located in the central library. Drinking water in Asheville is provided by the Asheville water department. The water system consists of three water treatment plants, more than of water lines, 30 pumping stations and 27 storage reservoirs. Sewer services are provided by the Metropolitan Sewerage District of Buncombe County, power provided by Duke Energy, and natural gas is provided by PSNC Energy. Asheville offers public","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"16776468","text":"Asheville Christian Academy Asheville Christian Academy (ACA) is a private Christian school for grades K4-12 in Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is located on a 60-plus-acre campus in the Swannanoa River Valley, approximately 12 miles from downtown Asheville. The school is accredited by AdvancED and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI), with a teaching faculty of over 50, half of whom hold advanced degrees. The school is governed by a corporation made up of parents, alumni, faculty, staff and other stake holders who elect a board of trustees. The headmaster since 1992 has been William George. The school's enrollment","title":"Asheville Christian Academy"},{"psg_id":"15731676","text":"realignment of US 70 along Charlotte Street to College Street. Originally, NC 694 was established in 1922, connecting Cranberry to Elk Park and then into Tennessee. This route was later replaced by NC 194 and US 19 in the mid-1920s. North Carolina Highway 694 North Carolina Highway 694 (NC 694) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. This scenic highway serves as connector between Asheville and the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP). NC 694 is a two-lane scenic highway begins in downtown Asheville. Going northeast from its southern terminus at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and","title":"North Carolina Highway 694"},{"psg_id":"20930239","text":"to keep the building essentially the same as it was. On October 8, 2018, Thomas announced the building needed $3.5 million in renovations. Developer Philip Woollcott has a plan for converting the building from offices to a hotel. Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Flatiron Building on Battery Park Avenue in Asheville, North Carolina was completed in 1927. The nine-story 52,000-square-foot building was designed by New York City architect Albert C. Wirth and built by L. B. Jackson Builders of Asheville. It is a contributing building to the Downtown Asheville Historic District. Midtown Development Associates bought the building in 1985","title":"Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"18241949","text":"cotta pilasters, and a ziggurat-like arrangement of huge ramps to the roof deck. The building occupies a full city block and housed one of America's first indoor shopping malls. It was sold to the federal government in 1943. The building housed the National Climatic Data Center until 1995. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. Arcade Building (Asheville, North Carolina) Arcade Building, also known as The Grove Arcade and Asheville Federal Building, is a historic commercial building located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was","title":"Arcade Building (Asheville, North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"4801658","text":"Asheville Tourists The Asheville Tourists are a minor league baseball team based in Asheville, North Carolina. They play in the Class A South Atlantic League and have been a farm team of the Colorado Rockies since 1994. Asheville teams have played under the Tourists moniker in different leagues and classifications for decades, with the earliest dating to 1897. The current team has played continuously in what is now known as the South Atlantic League since 1976. They have won three league championships, first in 1984 and most recently in 2014. Previous Tourists teams won a total of four additional championships.","title":"Asheville Tourists"},{"psg_id":"7812750","text":"Priest tells his Monsignor that he put the collar back on a month later at Aunt Monica's funeral, but he is still confused about his faith. He created a lie for the masses that became a truth for only himself, and he doesn't know what to do. Everyone repeats \"the truth\" as church bells chime. The Original Cast recording was released on March 7, 2006 by Ghostlight Records. See What I Wanna See See What I Wanna See is a musical by Michael John LaChiusa based on three short stories by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa: \"Kesa and Morito\", \"In a Grove\" (the","title":"See What I Wanna See"},{"psg_id":"18251628","text":"or rooming house until 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. 3. The Ravenscroft School in Asheville: A History of the Institution and Its People and Buildings: By Dale Wayne Slusser. Ravenscroft School (Asheville, North Carolina) Ravenscroft School, also known as Chateau Nollman, is a historic school building located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The oldest section was built about 1845, and is a two- to three-story brick building in the Greek Revival style. It consists of a squat, three-story, pyramidal-roofed tower with projecting","title":"Ravenscroft School (Asheville, North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"20930238","text":"Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Flatiron Building on Battery Park Avenue in Asheville, North Carolina was completed in 1927. The nine-story 52,000-square-foot building was designed by New York City architect Albert C. Wirth and built by L. B. Jackson Builders of Asheville. It is a contributing building to the Downtown Asheville Historic District. Midtown Development Associates bought the building in 1985 for $440,000. A $1 million renovation took place at that time. Early in 2018, building manager and co-owner Russell Thomas said the building was for sale with a $16 million asking price but the buyer would be required","title":"Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"19260052","text":"out of state beer festivals, where their beers have earned acclaim and awards. The Forester Stout earned a silver medal and the Porter won a bronze at the World Beer Championship. Green Man Brewery (Asheville) Green Man Brewery is a craft beer brewery in Asheville, North Carolina. It is Asheville's second officially established brewery. Green Man Brewery was started in 1997 in the brew pub Jack of the Wood in downtown Asheville. Initially brewed in dairy tanks at the brewery's inception, the operations were relocated to a new brewery and connected taproom nicknamed \"Dirty Jack's\" in 2005, located in the","title":"Green Man Brewery (Asheville)"},{"psg_id":"16393617","text":"Depression, Asheville did not see another serious attempt to form a symphony orchestra until an application for incorporation was filed for the Asheville Symphony Society, Inc., in 1958. Finally established as the Asheville Symphony in 1960, the orchestra played their first concert in 1961, though not becoming a fully professional orchestra until 1977. The orchestra brought in their first resident conductor, Robert Hart Baker in 1980. Baker led the orchestra until 2004, when he was succeeded by Daniel Meyer. In 1992 the Asheville Symphony Chorus was founded by Dewitt Tipton, who served as conductor through the 2011/2012 season. Tipton's successor","title":"Asheville Symphony Orchestra"},{"psg_id":"10846150","text":"was rerouted in downtown Asheville from Biltmore Avenue onto Tunnel Road; the old alignment remained part of US 25. In 1934 both NC 10 and NC 20 were removed along US 70's route. By 1936, US 70 was placed on First Avenue through Hickory and was removed from Beaman Road near New Bern. In 1939 US 70 was removed from Hollins Road in Marshall. In 1941 US 70 was swapped with NC 55 from Kinston to west of New Bern. Also around that same year, US 70 was given its modern routing between the Yadkin River and Lexington. By 1944,","title":"U.S. Route 70 in North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"15410014","text":"that point. In Asheville, US 74A has many concurrencies; US 70 is concurrent with US 74A in east and downtown Asheville and Interstate 26, I-240, US 19/US 23 are concurrent with US 74A west of downtown. Near US 74A's western terminus, US 19/US 23 are concurrent with US 74A. NC 81 shares pavement with US 74A for a short segment in southeast Asheville. Between Asheville and Gerton, US 74A bears the street name Charlotte Highway. East of Gerton, the road is named the Gerton Highway until arriving at Bat Cave. Through towns and cities, the road takes various names including","title":"Special routes of U.S. Route 74"},{"psg_id":"18241846","text":"S & W Cafeteria (Asheville, North Carolina) S & W Cafeteria, also known as Dale's Cafeteria, is a historic S & W Cafeteria building located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was designed by architect Douglas Ellington and built in 1929. It is a three-story, brick building in the Art Deco style. The front facade is sheathed in grey ashlar and features polychrome ornamentation and exotic stylistic motifs. In 1974, the S & W Cafeteria moved to the Asheville Mall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is located in the Downtown Asheville","title":"S & W Cafeteria (Asheville, North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"12917703","text":"US 25/70 Business into Marshall and it back along US 25/70. Appalachian Medley is an byway from near Lake Junaluska to Walnut; it is known for several recreational areas, the Appalachian Trail, and its scenic mountain drive. US 25/70 is on of the byway from Walnut to Hot Springs, where it continues via NC 209. Established as an original U.S. Route (1926), US 25 was assigned along the Dixie Highway, which followed NC 29 from South Carolina, through Tuxedo, Flat Rock, Hendersonville, and Biltmore Forest, to Asheville. In the downtown area, US 25 links-up with US 70/NC 20 on College","title":"U.S. Route 25 in North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"15085534","text":"North Carolina Highway 112 North Carolina Highway 112 (NC 112) is an east-west state highway in western North Carolina in Buncombe County, southwest of downtown Asheville. NC 112 begins at its western end at US 19/US 23 (Smokey Park Highway) in the unincorporated community of Enka, but within the city limits of Asheville. From here it travels south and then east on Sand Hill Road before turning southeasterly on Sardis Road for a distance before ending at North Carolina Highway 191 (Brevard Road) in the Asheville community of Venable. Though both ends are within the city limits, short portions of","title":"North Carolina Highway 112"},{"psg_id":"7812726","text":"See What I Wanna See See What I Wanna See is a musical by Michael John LaChiusa based on three short stories by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa: \"Kesa and Morito\", \"In a Grove\" (the inspiration also for Akira Kurosawa's \"Rashomon\") and \"\". The story is told in two parts with two prologues. Each prologue involves the medieval lovers/killers Kesa and Morito. The first act follows a murder in Central Park in 1951 from the various perspectives of several different characters. Act two centers on a priest, wavering in his faith, who creates a hoax about a miracle. The musical played Off-Broadway in","title":"See What I Wanna See"},{"psg_id":"13087105","text":"Asheville Female College The Asheville Female College was the first institution of higher education in the western portion of North Carolina, founded as the Asheville Female Seminary in 1841 by John Dickson, M.D. and Rev. Erasmus Rowley, D.D. The school had its first quarters on the corner of Patton Avenue and Church Street in Asheville, North Carolina. Between 1851 and 1855 the school became the property of the Holston Conference of the Methodist Church and its name was changed to the Holston Conference Female College. It found a home in other buildings on what later became its permanent campus, a","title":"Asheville Female College"},{"psg_id":"8547191","text":"Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence the Deacon & Martyr is a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church in downtown Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The church was designed and built in 1905 by Spanish architect Rafael Guastavino along with his fellow architect R. S. Smith and the Roman Catholic community of Asheville. Pope John Paul II elevated the status of the church to minor basilica in 1993. It is a parish church, located within the Diocese of Charlotte. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is the only basilica in","title":"Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville"},{"psg_id":"6596969","text":"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968, a chart hit for Kenny Rogers and the First Edition. Said to reflect the glue sniffing experience, the song was intended to be a warning about the dangers of using the drug. First recorded on October 10, 1967, by Teddy Hill & the Southern Soul as a single on Rice Records (Rice 5028 b/w \"Stagger Lee\") and produced by Norro Wilson, Jerry Lee Lewis covered the","title":"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)"},{"psg_id":"6596972","text":"\"Procrastinated Memoirs\" April 2018. Their version of the song brings out a hard more grungy sound while adding touches of mainstream influence to build and bring back a classic song that had such impact for its time. Their version of the song has already been making and name while reaching a new audience in the new millennial generation. The First Edition version appears in the following: Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968,","title":"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)"},{"psg_id":"1172241","text":"past acts include The Allman Brothers Band, Dave Matthews Band, Ani Difranco, Widespread Panic. Other big acts that have played the Asheville area in recent years are bands such as Railroad Earth, Dawes, Porcupine Tree, Broken Social Scene, Ween, the Avett Brothers, Gillian Welch, Cat Power, DJ Lance Rock, Ghost Mice, Loretta Lynn, the Disco Biscuits, STS9, Pretty Lights, Primus, Boyz in the Sink, M. Ward and the Mountain Goats. DJ music, as well as a small, but active, dance community are also components of the downtown musical landscape. The town is also home to the Asheville Symphony Orchestra and","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"19859201","text":"Management Jordan Vance, Director of Community Outreach Josh Yoakum, and Director of Communications Andrew Hunter. All members of the ownership group are Western North Carolina natives. The same day of the announcement City SC announced that Gary Hamel was going to serve as the club's head coach. Hamel served as the head coach of the nearby Mars Hill University's men's soccer program. Hamel additionally served as an assistant coach for the Oregon State Beavers men's soccer program. Asheville City SC also announced on their foundation date, that the club will play its home matches at Memorial Stadium in Downtown Asheville.","title":"Asheville City SC"},{"psg_id":"9771746","text":"What You Get Is What You See \"What You Get Is What You See\" is a song by recording artist Tina Turner from her album \"Break Every Rule\" (1986). The song was written by the Terry Britten and Graham Lyle team and was notably different from the three previous singles that they had written for Turner, \"What's Love Got to Do with It\", \"We Don't Need Another Hero\" and \"Two People\", as it was an up-tempo country-tinged rock track featuring Eric Clapton on guitars. Tina Turner said in an interview that \"What You Get Is What You See\" is her","title":"What You Get Is What You See"},{"psg_id":"3607951","text":"NCs, NC-1, NC-3, and NC-4, set out on what was intended as the first demonstration of transatlantic flight, via Newfoundland and the Azores, on 8 May 1919. As junior officer, Mitscher, who had been allotted to one of the commands, lost his command when NC-2 had to be broken up for parts. He went on the flight as one of the pilots of the NC-1. The group met heavy fog off the Azores, making flight in the crudely instrumented aircraft extremely dangerous. Without a visible horizon it was extremely difficult to keep the aircraft in level flight. NC-1 tried different","title":"Curtiss NC"},{"psg_id":"2011972","text":"daily McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 nonstop to Knoxville with this flight continuing on to Louisville and Chicago O'Hare Airport. According to the Official Airline Guide (OAG), Delta, Piedmont, and United were continuing to serve Asheville in April 1975. Delta was still operating one daily McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 flight into Knoxville with this service originating at Chicago O'Hare Airport and making an intermediate stop in Louisville. Piedmont was operating Boeing 737-200 jets as well as Fairchild Hiller FH-227 and NAMC YS-11 turboprops with nonstop service from Atlanta, Charleston, WV, Charlotte, Danville, VA, Fayetteville, NC, Greenville/Spartanburg, SC, Knoxville, Lynchburg, VA, Nashville, Roanoke, Tri-Cities,","title":"Asheville Regional Airport"},{"psg_id":"15731672","text":"North Carolina Highway 694 North Carolina Highway 694 (NC 694) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. This scenic highway serves as connector between Asheville and the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP). NC 694 is a two-lane scenic highway begins in downtown Asheville. Going northeast from its southern terminus at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and College Street (the latter of which also carries U.S. Route 70 (US 70) and US 74A), it passes over Interstate 240 as it quickly ascends Beaucatcher Mountain, eventually to the ridge line. From there it curves along the east-side of","title":"North Carolina Highway 694"},{"psg_id":"15731342","text":"NC 63 was rerouted along existing secondary roads to a new eastern terminus along Patton Avenue in Asheville. North Carolina Highway 63 North Carolina Highway 63 (NC 63) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs east–west, connecting western Madison County with Asheville. NC 63 is a two-lane mountain highway that begins at the community of Trust at NC 209. Going east, it stays along the north bank of the Friezeland Creek before climbing to its highest point at Doggett Gap. It quickly descends down to the mountain valley area below, in what","title":"North Carolina Highway 63"},{"psg_id":"12626397","text":"is given little or no information about the desired result of the machining. STEP-NC allows more information about the machining process to be sent to the machine control and adds new information about the product being machined. This \"Smart Data for Smart Machining\" enables applications such as the following: STEP-NC can communicate a complete machining process description to a machine tool control or between manufacturing software applications. The information handled by STEP-NC can be divided into the following general categories. The standard handles technology-specific parameters for milling and turning, and extensions for other technologies under development (see Future Work). STEP-NC","title":"STEP-NC"},{"psg_id":"6193900","text":"70/US 74A exits off I-240 at Charlotte Street. The Interstate continues through a cut in the mountain before turning back to the south. I-240 cross the Swannanoa River near Asheville Mall before terminating at an interchange with I-40. In the early 1960s, the east–west freeway around downtown Asheville, designated US 19/US 23, opened from the Beaucatcher Tunnel westward to NC 191. By 1966, Hanover Street had been converted to a freeway, which carried US 19 Business/US 23 Business/NC 191; additional freeway was constructed from Haywood Street to I-40. In 1968, eastbound lanes were added to the Smoky Park Bridge, the","title":"Interstate 240 (North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"18252163","text":"notable buildings include the Flatiron Building (1927), Drhumor Building (1895), Sondley Building (1891), Grand Central Hotel Annex (c. 1886), Public Service Building (1929), Kress Building (1926-1927), Mount Zion Missionary Baptist Church (1919), First Church of Christ Scientist (1900-1912), U. S. Post Office and Courthouse (1929-1930), Asheville Citizen and Times Building (1938-1939), Former Bon Marche Department Store (1923), Castanea Building (1921), Loughran Building (1923), Central Methodist Church (1902-1905, 1924, 1968), Trinity Episcopal Church (1912), First Presbyterian Church (1884-1885), Eagles Home (1914), Scottish Rite Cathedral and Masonic Temple (1913), and the Jackson Building (1923-1924). It was listed on the National Register of","title":"Downtown Asheville Historic District"},{"psg_id":"12962442","text":"LLC and others bought the Jackson Building and other properties for $15 million in 2004 and sold them to Pack Square Property (Wicker Park Capital Management of Savannah, Georgia) for $28.3 million in 2017. Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Jackson Building is a 140 ft (43m) 15-story building in Asheville, North Carolina which was completed in 1924 in Pack Square downtown. It was the first skyscraper in western North Carolina. The site chosen by developer Lynwood B. Jackson for western North Carolina's first skyscraper was previously that of the tombstone business operated by Thomas Wolfe's father. It was only","title":"Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"12962440","text":"Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Jackson Building is a 140 ft (43m) 15-story building in Asheville, North Carolina which was completed in 1924 in Pack Square downtown. It was the first skyscraper in western North Carolina. The site chosen by developer Lynwood B. Jackson for western North Carolina's first skyscraper was previously that of the tombstone business operated by Thomas Wolfe's father. It was only 27 by 60 feet and believed to be too small for a skyscraper, but it now holds the record for tallest building on the smallest lot. Jackson hired architect Ronald Greene. Jackson built the","title":"Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"19888701","text":"in Tulsa, and fell from its mooring in 1953. This incident led to research on the safety of such heavy bells being used. \"Asheville\" also served in the Pacific during the war, seeing action during the Dutch East Indies campaign in the early stages of the war with Japan. On 1 March 1942, \"Tulsa\", \"Lark\", \"Isabel\", and \"Asheville\" sailed out of Tjilatjap, and made for Australia. \"Asheville\" had engine difficulties during the voyage, which resulted in her being cornered and sunk by , , and on 3 March 1942, south of the island of Java, in what was Netherlands East","title":"Asheville-class gunboat (1917)"},{"psg_id":"15085536","text":"During the early 1950s, NC 112 was extended east along US 19/US 23 via an overlap and then southeasterly to NC 191. Around 1963, the original western segment between Candler and the county line was renumbered as NC 151, leaving only the present day routing between Enka and Venable. North Carolina Highway 112 North Carolina Highway 112 (NC 112) is an east-west state highway in western North Carolina in Buncombe County, southwest of downtown Asheville. NC 112 begins at its western end at US 19/US 23 (Smokey Park Highway) in the unincorporated community of Enka, but within the city limits","title":"North Carolina Highway 112"},{"psg_id":"7278700","text":"in 2006, a new $3.1 million cafeteria was added to the campus. On October 5, 2008, then Senator Barack Obama visited Asheville High School in his race for the White House. Over 25,000 people showed up at the Football Stadium to see Obama deliver his rally speech. In 2016, city school officials identified $25 million in needed repairs. The biggest problem was the roof, with thousands of clay tiles which would all have to be removed (and possibly replaced afterward) for the work. Jack Thomson, executive director of the Preservation Society of Asheville and Buncombe County, called the building \"a","title":"Asheville High School"},{"psg_id":"10424356","text":"What U See Is What U Get \"What U See Is What U Get\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise of the video is Xzibit's trek to a nearby shop after being asked to pick up some milk. On his way, Xzibit greets several friends,","title":"What U See Is What U Get"},{"psg_id":"11285460","text":"active in Asheville for less than five years, they inspired at least two popular local songs: \"Asheville Smoke\" by GFE and \"Blood On The Ice\" by The Monsters of Japan. Asheville Smoke The Asheville Smoke were a professional ice hockey team in the United Hockey League. The team played in Asheville, North Carolina from 1998 to 2002. The Smoke were coached by Keith Gretzky from 1998 to 2000. Prior to the 1998 relocation to Asheville, the team was known as the Brantford Smoke. The closest rival of Asheville were the Knoxville Speed. Original employees of the team included President Dan","title":"Asheville Smoke"},{"psg_id":"15522187","text":"The Bon Marché Building of Asheville, North Carolina The Bon Marché Building of Asheville, North Carolina was built in 1923 by E.W. Grove for the store's owner, Solomon Lipinsky. This was several years before Grove began construction on nearby Grove Arcade, one of Asheville's most famous architectural landmarks. The Bon Marché building was designed by W.L. Stoddart, a hotel architect who also designed the Battery Park Hotel and Vanderbilt Hotel. This new building served as a larger location for the Bon Marché, originally called Lipinsky and Ellick, which was founded in downtown Asheville in the 1890s. The owner, Solomon Lipinsky,","title":"The Bon Marché Building of Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"9771748","text":"where in 1989 it was used in a campaign for the New South Wales Rugby League. They later used the Tina Turner song \"The Best\" in another campaign. The song has been covered many times including by Canadian country music group Straight Clean & Simple and a single for the band taken from their 1992 album \"Iron Lady\". It was also covered by Scottish / Irish country artist Lisa McHugh. Her cover appears in her 2014 album \"A Life That's Good\". What You Get Is What You See \"What You Get Is What You See\" is a song by recording","title":"What You Get Is What You See"},{"psg_id":"10424358","text":"the music videos for Xzibit's songs \"Paparazzi\" and \"The Foundation\". The music video peaked at 1 during 6 weeks at BET's \"Rap City\". 12\" Promo What U See Is What U Get \"What U See Is What U Get\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise","title":"What U See Is What U Get"},{"psg_id":"10608286","text":"and find out what was happening and if anything was wrong. With the advent of in-vehicle computer terminals, and a decrease of radio usage, the NC SHP closed the Asheville communications center in 2014 and moved operations to Newton, near Hickory NC, leaving just the administrative Troop G Headquarters command and vehicle repair garage in Asheville. But in 1979, as was the case with many rural NC counties, the Rutherford County Sheriff's communications center dispatched for all emergency and law enforcement agencies in the county except for state officers. State highway patrol dispatchers called the Rutherford County Sheriff's Office repeatedly,","title":"James W. Hutchins"},{"psg_id":"7812731","text":"in the UK and U.S. LaChiusa taught a four-hour master class at Minnesota State University, Mankato, in November 2008 as part of that University's production. The first college to put on the production was Oberlin College in Ohio. In February 2009, the first New York City revival of \"See What I Wanna See\" was produced by \"5th Floor Productions\" at the Ida K. Lang Recital Hall at Hunter College in a limited engagement of two performances. It was produced by Michael Sancilio with direction by Corey Chambliss. The Signature Theatre, Arlington, Virginia, presented the musical from April 7, 2009 through","title":"See What I Wanna See"},{"psg_id":"11285457","text":"Asheville Smoke The Asheville Smoke were a professional ice hockey team in the United Hockey League. The team played in Asheville, North Carolina from 1998 to 2002. The Smoke were coached by Keith Gretzky from 1998 to 2000. Prior to the 1998 relocation to Asheville, the team was known as the Brantford Smoke. The closest rival of Asheville were the Knoxville Speed. Original employees of the team included President Dan Wilhelm and Assistant General Manager Jeff Young. Home games played in the Asheville Civic Center. For the years starting in 1998. 1999 and 2001, the team maintained an even record","title":"Asheville Smoke"},{"psg_id":"5208471","text":"Asheville Aces The Asheville Aces were a Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) team in Asheville, North Carolina. The team, which suffered limited success and low attendance, lasted only one year before disbanding. The Asheville Aces were established in the summer preceding the 2004–2005 season. The city of Asheville was perceived as a strong candidate for minor league in spite of the limited success and subsequent demise of the Asheville Smoke which lasted from 1998–2002. Florida real estate investor David Waronker, representing the Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) began lobbying the city for rights to form a team. Meanwhile, John Cherney,","title":"Asheville Aces"},{"psg_id":"1172244","text":"in the Asheville area. Some of the most distinguished whitewater kayakers live in or around Asheville. In its July/August 2006 journal, the group American Whitewater named Asheville one of the top five US whitewater cities. Asheville is also home to numerous Disc Golf courses. Soccer is another popular recreational sport in Asheville. There are two youth soccer clubs in Asheville, Asheville Shield Football Club and HFC. The Asheville Hockey League provides opportunities for youth and adult inline hockey at an outdoor rink at Carrier Park. The rink is open to the public and pick-up hockey is also available. The Asheville","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"14962369","text":"What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful multi-millionaire tycoon, received a knighthood, and was appointed to the House of Lords. Sir Alan also reveals his main method of business and entrepreneurial activity: (a) observing what market leaders are","title":"What You See Is What You Get (book)"},{"psg_id":"4701819","text":"property owners. During site grading a neighbor pulled a shotgun and threatened a bulldozer operator with it. During the construction's final phase a helicopter crashed into roof and had to be removed with a crane. The copter was being used to move air conditioning units onto the roof at the time of the crash. The center's completion is a testament to the negotiation skill and perseverance on Mr. Coleman's part. The original anchors were The Bon Marche, Belk, and Sears. The S & W Cafeteria moved to the Mall from downtown Asheville in 1974. Shortly after the opening, an Ivey's","title":"Asheville Mall"},{"psg_id":"4701818","text":"Asheville Mall Asheville Mall is a regional mall in Asheville, North Carolina. Asheville Mall is located off Interstate 240 in eastern Asheville. It is predominantly a one-story mall. Its anchors are Belk, JCPenney, Sears, and two Dillard's locations. It has 132 stores and is the largest mall in Western North Carolina. It also dominates the area's retail. Asheville Mall was developed by R. L. Coleman and Company opening in stages beginning with Sears on February 3 1972 and the rest of the shopping center opening November 23 1973. The mall's development was met with resistance from city officials and nearby","title":"Asheville Mall"},{"psg_id":"5208473","text":"team came aboard. The city agreed and by the beginning of the 2004–05 season, the Asheville Aces were officially one of nine teams in the SPHL. Orlando's lease was revoked before the start of the season but this still left the SPHL with eight teams. Asheville Aces The Asheville Aces were a Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) team in Asheville, North Carolina. The team, which suffered limited success and low attendance, lasted only one year before disbanding. The Asheville Aces were established in the summer preceding the 2004–2005 season. The city of Asheville was perceived as a strong candidate for","title":"Asheville Aces"},{"psg_id":"14962370","text":"doing, (b) making better and cheaper products than the market leaders, and (c) not focusing on the exclusive or more expensive parts of the market, rather selling to the mass market. What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful","title":"What You See Is What You Get (book)"},{"psg_id":"1434745","text":"\"Colleges That Pay You Back: The 200 Best Value Colleges and What It Takes to Get In - 2016 Edition.\" UNC Asheville is one of the nation's best values in public colleges, with the sixth lowest total cost of attending for in-state students, and the 21st lowest average debt among graduates of public universities nationally, according to \"Kiplinger's\" \"Best Values in Public Colleges.\" UNC Asheville ranks eighth in the nation among public liberal arts colleges in \"U.S. News & World Report's\" \"2016 Best Colleges.\" The Princeton Review features UNC Asheville among \"The Best 380 Colleges\" 2016 Edition, selected primarily based","title":"University of North Carolina at Asheville"},{"psg_id":"1172231","text":"residential high schools are located in the Asheville area: the all-male Christ School (located in Arden) and the co-educational Asheville School. Other private schools include Carolina Day School, Veritas Christian Academy and Asheville Christian Academy. Asheville and its surrounding area have several institutions of higher education: Asheville is served by Asheville Regional Airport in nearby Fletcher, North Carolina, and by Interstate 40, Interstate 240, and Interstate 26. A milestone was achieved in 2003 when Interstate 26 was extended from Mars Hill (north of Asheville) to Johnson City, Tennessee, completing a 20-year half-billion dollar construction project through the Blue Ridge Mountains.","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"17199010","text":"What You Don't See What You Don't See is the second studio album by American pop punk band The Story So Far. The Story So Far signed to Pure Noise in March 2010. The band released their debut album in June 2011. The band supported We Are the Union and I Call Fives in July. The band toured alongside Heartsounds and Handguns in August. The band supported Senses Fail in November. From late February to early March 2012 the band went on the Pure Noise Records Tour alongside Handguns, I Call Fives, Daybreaker, The American Scene and Forever Came Calling.","title":"What You Don't See"},{"psg_id":"16393619","text":"(established by Irving Jacob Reuter). According to the company's website, the annual budget is approximately $2 million. Asheville Symphony Orchestra The Asheville Symphony Orchestra is a professional orchestra in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The symphony's current conductor and Music Director is Darko Butorac who succeeded Daniel Meyer in 2018. Lamar Stringfield organized and conducted orchestra concerts in Asheville beginning in the mid-1920s. He formed the predecessor to the Asheville Symphony Orchestra for an exhibition concert in 1927 and won the Pulitzer Prize for his musical composition, \"From the Southern Mountains\" in 1928, eventually leaving Asheville to found the North","title":"Asheville Symphony Orchestra"},{"psg_id":"7142055","text":"Asheville Citizen-Times The Asheville Citizen-Times is a major daily newspaper of Asheville, North Carolina. It was formed in 1991 as a result of a merger of the morning Asheville Citizen and the afternoon Asheville Times. It is owned by Gannett. Founded in 1870 as a weekly, the \"Citizen\" became a daily newspaper in 1885. Writers Thomas Wolfe, O. Henry, both buried in Asheville, and F. Scott Fitzgerald, a common visitor of Asheville, frequently could be found in the newsroom in earlier days. In 1930 the \"Citizen\" came under common ownership with the \"Times\", which was first established in 1896 as","title":"Asheville Citizen-Times"},{"psg_id":"16393616","text":"Asheville Symphony Orchestra The Asheville Symphony Orchestra is a professional orchestra in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The symphony's current conductor and Music Director is Darko Butorac who succeeded Daniel Meyer in 2018. Lamar Stringfield organized and conducted orchestra concerts in Asheville beginning in the mid-1920s. He formed the predecessor to the Asheville Symphony Orchestra for an exhibition concert in 1927 and won the Pulitzer Prize for his musical composition, \"From the Southern Mountains\" in 1928, eventually leaving Asheville to found the North Carolina Symphony in Chapel Hill in 1932. With the nation's highest per capita dept from the Great","title":"Asheville Symphony Orchestra"},{"psg_id":"5579706","text":"Me What You See\" was written completely by McCartney. Despite McCartney's later comments – \"Not awfully memorable\", in an interview with author Barry Miles – \"Tell Me What You See\" shows the musical growth of the Beatles since \"Please Please Me\", and foreshadows their further exploration on \"Rubber Soul\" and \"Revolver\". Following each repetition of the title phrase, there is a brief instrumental break featuring a Hohner Pianet. The instrument is featured on two other tracks on \"Help!\": \"You Like Me Too Much\" and \"The Night Before\", both recorded the day before \"Tell Me What You See.\" Ringo Starr's drumming","title":"Tell Me What You See"},{"psg_id":"1172229","text":"two public school systems in the city of Asheville, Buncombe County Schools or Asheville City Schools, based on address. Public Asheville City Schools include Asheville High School (known as Lee H Edwards High School 1935–1969), School of Inquiry and Life Sciences at Asheville, Asheville Middle School, Claxton Elementary, Randolph Learning Center, Hall Fletcher Elementary, Isaac Dickson Elementary, Ira B. Jones Elementary and Vance Elementary. Asheville High has been ranked by \"Newsweek\" magazine as one of the top 100 high schools in the United States. The Buncombe County Schools System operates high schools, middle schools and elementary schools both inside and","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"17199018","text":"Albums Of 2013\" list. The album debuted at number 46 on the Billboard 200. It sold over 13,500 copies in the first week. As of April 2015, the album has sold 63,000 copies domestically. All songs written by Parker Cannon, Kelen Capener, Kevin Geyer, William Levy and Ryan Torf. Personnel per booklet. The Story So Far Production Footnotes Citations Sources What You Don't See What You Don't See is the second studio album by American pop punk band The Story So Far. The Story So Far signed to Pure Noise in March 2010. The band released their debut album in","title":"What You Don't See"},{"psg_id":"1172242","text":"the Asheville Lyric Opera and there are a number of bluegrass, country, and traditional mountain musicians in the Asheville area. A residency at local music establishment the Orange Peel by the Smashing Pumpkins in 2007, along with the Beastie Boys in 2009, brought national attention to Asheville. The Seattle based rock band Band of Horses have also recorded their last two albums at Echo Mountain Studios in Asheville, as have the Avett Brothers (who have also traditionally played a New Year's Eve concert in Asheville). Christian vocal group the Kingsmen originated in Asheville. Area colleges and universities, such as the","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"8916355","text":"Asheville City Schools Asheville City schools is a local school district in Asheville, North Carolina. The district is responsible for serving large portions of the city of Asheville and as of the 2014-2015 school year was responsible for serving 4,361 students. The first school west of the blue ridge mountains in Western North Carolina was built in Asheville in 1790 by Scotch-Irish settlers, and it was located around the area of present-day Biltmore avenue. Most of the early schools in the Asheville area were rudimentary subscription schools that only operated three to four months per year, and charged tuition for","title":"Asheville City Schools"},{"psg_id":"20662763","text":"Asheville Velodrome The Asheville Velodrome in Asheville, North Carolina is known as the Mellowdrome, named after its gentle banking. The Mellowdrome was originally a dirt race car 1/3 track on the early versions of the NASCAR circuit. In 2011, the track was donated by the Carrier Family to the City of Asheville. The track and the surround park along the French Broad River became Carrier Park. The Mellowdrome is an official \"velodrome\" recognized by USA Cycling. The Mellowdrome is open to all bicycles, both \"fixed gear\" track bikes and bicycles with gears/brakes due to its gentle banking. In March 2018","title":"Asheville Velodrome"},{"psg_id":"4701820","text":"was added in the mid-1970s, along with a minor addition to the mall. In 1989, JCPenney joined the mall, adding onto a wing that had been added earlier in the decade. Montgomery Ward opened in 1994 in the space that housed The Bon Marche, later regional chains Meyers-Arnold and Uptons. After Dillard's purchased Ivey's in the early 1990s, that store was converted to a Dillard's. Belk expanded its store and added a second level in 2000. In the same year the mall added a Food Court. Asheville Mall Asheville Mall is a regional mall in Asheville, North Carolina. Asheville Mall","title":"Asheville Mall"},{"psg_id":"1172214","text":"181 days. Precipitation is relatively well spread (though the summer months are slightly wetter), and averages annually, but has historically ranged from in 1925 to in 2013. Snowfall is sporadic, averaging per winter, but actual seasonal accumulation varies considerably from one winter to the next; accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 2011–12 to in 1968–69. Freezing rain often occurs, accompanied by significant disruption. <section begin=\"weather box\" /> Notable architecture in Asheville includes its Art Deco city hall, and other unique buildings in the downtown area, such as the Battery Park Hotel, the original of which was 475-feet long with","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"295739","text":"computer in the definition can be assumed to be a \"parallel, random-access machine\" (PRAM). That is a parallel computer with a central pool of memory, and any processor can access any bit of memory in constant time. The definition of NC is not affected by the choice of how the PRAM handles simultaneous access to a single bit by more than one processor. It can be CRCW, CREW, or EREW. See PRAM for descriptions of those models. Equivalently, NC can be defined as those decision problems decidable by a uniform Boolean circuit (which can be calculated from the length of","title":"NC (complexity)"},{"psg_id":"1172240","text":"event is \"Downtown After 5,\" a monthly concert series held from 5 pm till 9 pm that hosts popular touring musicians as well as local acts. A regular drum circle, organized by residents in Pritchard Park, is open to all and has been a popular local activity every Friday evening. It is also home of the Moog Music Headquarters. Asheville also plays host to the Warren Haynes Christmas Jam, an annual charity event which raises money for Habitat For Humanity, and attracts nationally touring acts; in addition to regular performers Haynes himself, and the band he plays with, Gov't Mule,","title":"Asheville, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"20662764","text":"a major renovation was completed and now the Mellowdrome has slightly more banking and is constructed of high quality concrete. The Mellowdrome is outside and open during daylight hours. Asheville Velodrome The Asheville Velodrome in Asheville, North Carolina is known as the Mellowdrome, named after its gentle banking. The Mellowdrome was originally a dirt race car 1/3 track on the early versions of the NASCAR circuit. In 2011, the track was donated by the Carrier Family to the City of Asheville. The track and the surround park along the French Broad River became Carrier Park. The Mellowdrome is an official","title":"Asheville Velodrome"},{"psg_id":"7278692","text":"Asheville High School Asheville High School is a public high school located in Asheville, North Carolina, United States and is one of two secondary schools in the Asheville City Schools system. Designed by Douglas Ellington, construction of the original building began in 1927 and was completed two years later. The modern addition was built in 1970 and a new cafeteria was finished in 2006. There is a second school located at the same address; the School of Inquiry and Life Sciences at Asheville (SILSA). After the railroad system reached Asheville in 1881, the population of the city grew from 2,000","title":"Asheville High School"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19859203\",\n \"text\": \"Hall, which serves as a homage to the club's downtown location. The \\\"AC\\\" monogram in the logo is a reference to the sport of soccer's tradition in emblems over the last century. The \\\"AC\\\" stands for 'Asheville City' as well as used to recognize the city's love for the game. City play at Memorial Stadium in downtown Asheville. Asheville City competes with Chattanooga FC for the \\\"Blue Ridge Derby\\\". Asheville City also competes in the \\\"Carolina Clasico\\\" with Greenville FC. Asheville City SC Asheville City SC is an amateur soccer team based in Asheville, North Carolina. Founded in 2016, the\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville City SC\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14081727\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Redefines Transit Asheville Redefines Transit (art) is the municipally-owned operator of public transportation in Asheville, North Carolina. The agency provides service from 5:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. on Monday through Saturday; and from 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Sundays and Holidays. The standard fare is $1. The main and only station is located at 49 Coxe Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801. The management company for Asheville Redefines Transit is RATP Dev. Schedule and route changes were made in January 2015. ART has no service on Thanksgiving and Christmas Day. Service is suspended after 6:30 p.m. on Christmas Eve, 2014.\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Redefines Transit\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12886943\",\n \"text\": \"As listed in liner notes. See What You Want to See See What You Want to See is American country music artist Radney Foster's third studio album. It was released in 1999 on Arista Records. The record features a number of notable guests, such as Darius Rucker from Hootie & the Blowfish, as well as Abra Moore and Emmylou Harris. Singles from this album were \\\"I'm In\\\" and \\\"Godspeed (Sweet Dreams).\\\" \\\"Raining on Sunday\\\" was later recorded by Keith Urban on his 2002 album \\\"Golden Road\\\", from which it was released as a single in 2003. The Kinleys released a\",\n \"title\": \"See What You Want to See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12886941\",\n \"text\": \"See What You Want to See See What You Want to See is American country music artist Radney Foster's third studio album. It was released in 1999 on Arista Records. The record features a number of notable guests, such as Darius Rucker from Hootie & the Blowfish, as well as Abra Moore and Emmylou Harris. Singles from this album were \\\"I'm In\\\" and \\\"Godspeed (Sweet Dreams).\\\" \\\"Raining on Sunday\\\" was later recorded by Keith Urban on his 2002 album \\\"Golden Road\\\", from which it was released as a single in 2003. The Kinleys released a cover of \\\"I'm In\\\" from\",\n \"title\": \"See What You Want to See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16345625\",\n \"text\": \"understood that Palin’s appearance and the Zombie Walk might clash and was able to address the situation beforehand. Burrello said, “I mean, when you see 700 shambling dead zombies walking toward the Civic Center up the bridge, it would probably get the Secret Service's attention. So we gave them a heads up on it to make sure they know we're not doing any kind of protest or (are a) threat in anyway.” The Asheville zombie Palin protestors appeared in several national media programs, including “Countdown with Keith Olbermann” on MSNBC. In October 2011, the Zombie Walk moved from downtown Asheville\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Zombie Walk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172236\",\n \"text\": \"for Duke to assess the sources and extent of contamination at the Riverbend power plant in Asheville. Duke was to be fined $99,100. However, following the coal ash spill in Eden, NC, the North Carolina DENR cancelled all previous settlements with Duke Energy. The city of Asheville claims a clear focus on sustainability and the development of a green economy. For Asheville, this goal is defined in their Sustainability Management Plan as: \\\"Making decisions that balance the values of environmental stewardship, social responsibility and economic vitality to meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19260048\",\n \"text\": \"Green Man Brewery (Asheville) Green Man Brewery is a craft beer brewery in Asheville, North Carolina. It is Asheville's second officially established brewery. Green Man Brewery was started in 1997 in the brew pub Jack of the Wood in downtown Asheville. Initially brewed in dairy tanks at the brewery's inception, the operations were relocated to a new brewery and connected taproom nicknamed \\\"Dirty Jack's\\\" in 2005, located in the South Slope area of Downtown Asheville, Buxton Avenue. Ownership switched from Joe Eckert to the current owner in 2010, while original brewer John Stuart continued to brew for Green Man after\",\n \"title\": \"Green Man Brewery (Asheville)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7278693\",\n \"text\": \"to 10,000. In response to this population influx, Asheville began a public School System in 1888, which originally consisted of a high school and three elementary schools. The elementary schools were the Orange Street School (currently occupied by NC DOT offices), Queen Carson Elementary School (currently occupied by a bus garage) and Montford Avenue School (replaced by the current William Randolph Elementary in the early 1950s). The high school was located at the corner of Broadway and Woodfin Street, in what had been the private home of Nicholas Woodfin. After use for educational purposes ceased about 1923 this structure was\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172249\",\n \"text\": \"the first ActionFest \\\"man of action.\\\" The Twin Rivers Media Festival is an independent multi-media film festival held annually in downtown Asheville. The festival held its 20th annual event in May 2013. Asheville is in the \\\"Greenville-Spartanburg-Asheville-Anderson\\\" television DMA and the \\\"Asheville\\\" radio ADI for the city's . The primary television station in Asheville is ABC affiliate WLOS-TV Channel 13, with studios in Biltmore Park and a transmitter on Mount Pisgah. Other stations licensed to Asheville include WUNF, a PBS station on Channel 33 and The CW affiliate WYCW on Channel 62. Asheville is also served by the Upstate South\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16679163\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You See? \\\"What Do You See?\\\" (就在这里 in Mandarin) is a song by Singaporean band Electrico. It was commissioned as the official theme song for the 2009 National Day Parade. The song is one of the few National Day Parade theme songs that does not mention the word \\\"\\\"Singapore\\\"\\\" in its lyrics. Its lyrics were cited by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in his 2018 National Day Message. Directed by Bertrand Lee, the music video opens with a bokeh and later sharpens to reveal band member David Tan. The camera then traces him around the downtown core of\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You See?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12710882\",\n \"text\": \"areas: Adam District (West Asheville), Baker District (South and East Asheville), and Charlie District (North and Central Asheville). The department also has a variety of specialized units such as: K-9, Downtown Unit (bike patrol), Emergency Response Unit, Hazardous Devices Team, and Patrol Special Services. Asheville Police Department The Asheville Police Department (APD) is a nationally accredited police department and the primary law enforcement agency servicing a population of 72,789 people within of the municipality of Asheville, North Carolina. The Asheville Police Department was created in 1849 with a volunteer force of 5 officers and a captain. Because they were not\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Police Department\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15258818\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville City Hall Asheville City Hall, the center of Asheville's city government, is an historic Art Deco brick and stone office building located on City-County Plaza in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. The building is one of the Art Deco Masterpieces of Asheville. Constructed in 1928, it was meant to be a twin to the new Buncombe County Courthouse, but instead the courthouse was built in a more conservative and classic style, and much taller than the city hall.\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville City Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15258819\",\n \"text\": \"The wing connecting them together was never built, either. The building still serves the City of Asheville, while the Courthouse has undergone many renovations and expansions. The City Council Chamber is decorated by five murals by painter Clifford Addams. Asheville City Hall Asheville City Hall, the center of Asheville's city government, is an historic Art Deco brick and stone office building located on City-County Plaza in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. The building is one of the Art Deco\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville City Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15003488\",\n \"text\": \"North Carolina Highway 146 North Carolina Highway 146 (NC 146) is a short east/west state highway in western North Carolina and lies entirely in Buncombe County, south of downtown Asheville. NC 146 begins its western end at NC 191 in the community of Avery Creek a census-designated place (CDP) south of Asheville. NC 146 travels east and at just over , immediately after crossing the French Broad River, intersects Interstate 26/U.S. 74 at exit 37. Passing exit 37, NC 146 enters the Asheville city limits and passes north of Lake Julian and Julian Lake Park before nearing its eastern end.\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Highway 146\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18736126\",\n \"text\": \"accepted the building from the contractor. The original plans, deeds and survey plats are still among the Temple's records. There have been several prominent Masons whose Masonic careers originated from the Asheville Masonic Temple. Asheville Masonic Temple The Asheville Masonic Temple is a Masonic Temple located in Asheville, North Carolina. Designed by British American architect and Freemason Richard Sharp Smith, the building was opened in April 1915. It is listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. It is a four-story pressed brick building with limestone and grey\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Masonic Temple\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172210\",\n \"text\": \"pay for a wide range of municipal and infrastructure improvements, including City Hall, the water system, Beaucatcher Tunnel, and Asheville High School. Rather than default, the city paid those debts over a period of fifty years. From the start of the depression through the 1980s, economic growth in Asheville was slow. During this time of financial stagnation, most of the buildings in the downtown district remained unaltered. Therefore, Asheville has one of the most impressive, comprehensive collections of Art Deco architecture in the United States. On July 15–16, 1916, the Asheville area was subject to severe flooding from the remnants\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2011970\",\n \"text\": \"was continuing to serve Asheville with Viscount propjets and also Douglas DC-6B prop aircraft with nonstop flights to Atlanta, Greensboro, NC, Raleigh/Durham and Washington D.C. National Airport as well as direct service to Mobile, New Orleans and New York City via Newark Airport. In 1966, Delta was operating only one daily flight from the airport with a Douglas DC-7 nonstop to Knoxville with continuing direct service to Louisville and Chicago O'Hare Airport. Piedmont was continuing to serve Asheville as well in 1966 and was operating Fairchild F-27 turboprops and Martin 4-0-4 prop aircraft with nonstop service to Atlanta, Charlotte, Knoxville,\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Regional Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2011962\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Regional Airport Asheville Regional Airport is a Class C airport near Interstate 26 near the town of Fletcher, south of downtown Asheville, in the U.S. state of North Carolina, United States. It is owned by the Greater Asheville Regional Airport Authority. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. In 2017 it served an all-time record number of passengers for the airport, 956,634, an increase of more than 15% over 2016 and the fourth consecutive year of record\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Regional Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18736123\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Masonic Temple The Asheville Masonic Temple is a Masonic Temple located in Asheville, North Carolina. Designed by British American architect and Freemason Richard Sharp Smith, the building was opened in April 1915. It is listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. It is a four-story pressed brick building with limestone and grey brick trim, upon a granite foundation. It has a red tile hipped roof above its front portion. The Broadway facade has a two-story portico with paired Ionic columns. Architect Smith was originally from England\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Masonic Temple\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3185897\",\n \"text\": \"responsible members of their respective classes, and assist faculty members in running the dorms, managing study hall, and enforcing school standards. Prefects are also expected to serve on the Conduct Council (see \\\"Honor and School Life\\\"). The football rival of Asheville School (the Blues) is Christ School (the Greenies). At Asheville School, the rivalry game is preceded by a week of festivities that culminates in a pep rally the evening before the Blues take the field. The Asheville School-Christ School rivalry represents North Carolina's longest-running high school athletic rivalry. The traditional Asheville School dessert is the Asheville School banana: a\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18964763\",\n \"text\": \"it moved to its current downtown Asheville location, 15 miles from the both BMC campuses at Lake Eden and the Blue Ridge Assembly in Black Mountain, NC. BMCM+AC was first based out of founder Mary Holden Thompson's house in Black Mountain, NC. It expanded to Zone one contemporary, a gallery in downtown Asheville from 1991–2000 owned by long-time BMCM+AC board member Connie Bostic. The museum then moved to the Kellogg Conference Center in Hendersonville, NC followed by Warren Wilson College and finally 56 Broadway. In Summer 2014 BMCM+AC received a major grant from the Windgate Charitable Foundation (Siloam Springs, AR)\",\n \"title\": \"Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2011980\",\n \"text\": \"the following morning at 6:00 AM but was defused after being detected by bomb-sniffing dogs. The terrorist, Michael Christopher Estes, was arrested and faces two federal charges. Asheville Regional Airport Asheville Regional Airport is a Class C airport near Interstate 26 near the town of Fletcher, south of downtown Asheville, in the U.S. state of North Carolina, United States. It is owned by the Greater Asheville Regional Airport Authority. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. In 2017\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Regional Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12917687\",\n \"text\": \"moved onto the Smokey Park Highway/Patton Avenue as a bypass in West Asheville. The old alignment became US 19A (today's US 19 Business). In 1952, US 19 was rerouted off Martins Creek Road and onto Blairsville Highway, near Ranger. In 1954, US 19 was realigned to its current route from Lake Junaluska to Clyde and Canton; of the old route was replaced by NC 209. Between 1955-57, US 19 was split onto one-way streets in downtown Asheville: Northbound used Patton, to Market, to Woodfin, to Broadway; southbound used Broadway to College, to Patton. In 1961, US 19 removed from downtown\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Route 19 in North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16776470\",\n \"text\": \"for juniors and seniors to gain college credit as part of their high school graduation requirements. In 2014 ACA was ranked in the top 50 Christian high schools in the United States. Asheville Christian Academy Asheville Christian Academy (ACA) is a private Christian school for grades K4-12 in Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is located on a 60-plus-acre campus in the Swannanoa River Valley, approximately 12 miles from downtown Asheville. The school is accredited by AdvancED and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI), with a teaching faculty of over 50, half of whom hold advanced degrees. The school is\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Christian Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7278694\",\n \"text\": \"the downtown YMCA until a new structure was built further east on Woodfin about 1970, and the old building torn down. The former high school campus is currently occupied by a bank. The City of Asheville built two structures in the early 1920s, Hall Fletcher in West Asheville and David Millard, on Oak Street, adjacent to First Baptist Church, which, together, were known as Asheville High School. The David Millard Campus occupied a portion of the grounds of a former girls' school, with the balance of the former school grounds covered by the Church. Athletic teams and extracurricular clubs were\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172216\",\n \"text\": \"historic districts and include Victorian houses. Biltmore Village, located at the entrance to the famous estate, showcases unique architectural features. It was here that workers stayed during the construction of George Vanderbilt's estate. The YMI Cultural Center, founded in 1892 by George Vanderbilt in the heart of downtown, is one of the nation's oldest African-American cultural centers. Asheville is the larger principal city of the Asheville-Brevard CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Asheville metropolitan area (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison counties) and the Brevard micropolitan area (Transylvania County), which had a combined population of 398,505 at the 2000\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172233\",\n \"text\": \"located throughout the county with the headquarters and central library, Pack Memorial Library, being located downtown. The system also includes a law library in the Buncombe County Courthouse and a genealogy and local history department located in the central library. Drinking water in Asheville is provided by the Asheville water department. The water system consists of three water treatment plants, more than of water lines, 30 pumping stations and 27 storage reservoirs. Sewer services are provided by the Metropolitan Sewerage District of Buncombe County, power provided by Duke Energy, and natural gas is provided by PSNC Energy. Asheville offers public\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16776468\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Christian Academy Asheville Christian Academy (ACA) is a private Christian school for grades K4-12 in Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is located on a 60-plus-acre campus in the Swannanoa River Valley, approximately 12 miles from downtown Asheville. The school is accredited by AdvancED and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI), with a teaching faculty of over 50, half of whom hold advanced degrees. The school is governed by a corporation made up of parents, alumni, faculty, staff and other stake holders who elect a board of trustees. The headmaster since 1992 has been William George. The school's enrollment\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Christian Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15731676\",\n \"text\": \"realignment of US 70 along Charlotte Street to College Street. Originally, NC 694 was established in 1922, connecting Cranberry to Elk Park and then into Tennessee. This route was later replaced by NC 194 and US 19 in the mid-1920s. North Carolina Highway 694 North Carolina Highway 694 (NC 694) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. This scenic highway serves as connector between Asheville and the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP). NC 694 is a two-lane scenic highway begins in downtown Asheville. Going northeast from its southern terminus at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Highway 694\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20930239\",\n \"text\": \"to keep the building essentially the same as it was. On October 8, 2018, Thomas announced the building needed $3.5 million in renovations. Developer Philip Woollcott has a plan for converting the building from offices to a hotel. Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Flatiron Building on Battery Park Avenue in Asheville, North Carolina was completed in 1927. The nine-story 52,000-square-foot building was designed by New York City architect Albert C. Wirth and built by L. B. Jackson Builders of Asheville. It is a contributing building to the Downtown Asheville Historic District. Midtown Development Associates bought the building in 1985\",\n \"title\": \"Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18241949\",\n \"text\": \"cotta pilasters, and a ziggurat-like arrangement of huge ramps to the roof deck. The building occupies a full city block and housed one of America's first indoor shopping malls. It was sold to the federal government in 1943. The building housed the National Climatic Data Center until 1995. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. Arcade Building (Asheville, North Carolina) Arcade Building, also known as The Grove Arcade and Asheville Federal Building, is a historic commercial building located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was\",\n \"title\": \"Arcade Building (Asheville, North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4801658\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Tourists The Asheville Tourists are a minor league baseball team based in Asheville, North Carolina. They play in the Class A South Atlantic League and have been a farm team of the Colorado Rockies since 1994. Asheville teams have played under the Tourists moniker in different leagues and classifications for decades, with the earliest dating to 1897. The current team has played continuously in what is now known as the South Atlantic League since 1976. They have won three league championships, first in 1984 and most recently in 2014. Previous Tourists teams won a total of four additional championships.\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Tourists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7812750\",\n \"text\": \"Priest tells his Monsignor that he put the collar back on a month later at Aunt Monica's funeral, but he is still confused about his faith. He created a lie for the masses that became a truth for only himself, and he doesn't know what to do. Everyone repeats \\\"the truth\\\" as church bells chime. The Original Cast recording was released on March 7, 2006 by Ghostlight Records. See What I Wanna See See What I Wanna See is a musical by Michael John LaChiusa based on three short stories by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa: \\\"Kesa and Morito\\\", \\\"In a Grove\\\" (the\",\n \"title\": \"See What I Wanna See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18251628\",\n \"text\": \"or rooming house until 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District. 3. The Ravenscroft School in Asheville: A History of the Institution and Its People and Buildings: By Dale Wayne Slusser. Ravenscroft School (Asheville, North Carolina) Ravenscroft School, also known as Chateau Nollman, is a historic school building located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The oldest section was built about 1845, and is a two- to three-story brick building in the Greek Revival style. It consists of a squat, three-story, pyramidal-roofed tower with projecting\",\n \"title\": \"Ravenscroft School (Asheville, North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20930238\",\n \"text\": \"Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Flatiron Building on Battery Park Avenue in Asheville, North Carolina was completed in 1927. The nine-story 52,000-square-foot building was designed by New York City architect Albert C. Wirth and built by L. B. Jackson Builders of Asheville. It is a contributing building to the Downtown Asheville Historic District. Midtown Development Associates bought the building in 1985 for $440,000. A $1 million renovation took place at that time. Early in 2018, building manager and co-owner Russell Thomas said the building was for sale with a $16 million asking price but the buyer would be required\",\n \"title\": \"Flatiron Building (Asheville, North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19260052\",\n \"text\": \"out of state beer festivals, where their beers have earned acclaim and awards. The Forester Stout earned a silver medal and the Porter won a bronze at the World Beer Championship. Green Man Brewery (Asheville) Green Man Brewery is a craft beer brewery in Asheville, North Carolina. It is Asheville's second officially established brewery. Green Man Brewery was started in 1997 in the brew pub Jack of the Wood in downtown Asheville. Initially brewed in dairy tanks at the brewery's inception, the operations were relocated to a new brewery and connected taproom nicknamed \\\"Dirty Jack's\\\" in 2005, located in the\",\n \"title\": \"Green Man Brewery (Asheville)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16393617\",\n \"text\": \"Depression, Asheville did not see another serious attempt to form a symphony orchestra until an application for incorporation was filed for the Asheville Symphony Society, Inc., in 1958. Finally established as the Asheville Symphony in 1960, the orchestra played their first concert in 1961, though not becoming a fully professional orchestra until 1977. The orchestra brought in their first resident conductor, Robert Hart Baker in 1980. Baker led the orchestra until 2004, when he was succeeded by Daniel Meyer. In 1992 the Asheville Symphony Chorus was founded by Dewitt Tipton, who served as conductor through the 2011/2012 season. Tipton's successor\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Symphony Orchestra\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10846150\",\n \"text\": \"was rerouted in downtown Asheville from Biltmore Avenue onto Tunnel Road; the old alignment remained part of US 25. In 1934 both NC 10 and NC 20 were removed along US 70's route. By 1936, US 70 was placed on First Avenue through Hickory and was removed from Beaman Road near New Bern. In 1939 US 70 was removed from Hollins Road in Marshall. In 1941 US 70 was swapped with NC 55 from Kinston to west of New Bern. Also around that same year, US 70 was given its modern routing between the Yadkin River and Lexington. By 1944,\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Route 70 in North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15410014\",\n \"text\": \"that point. In Asheville, US 74A has many concurrencies; US 70 is concurrent with US 74A in east and downtown Asheville and Interstate 26, I-240, US 19/US 23 are concurrent with US 74A west of downtown. Near US 74A's western terminus, US 19/US 23 are concurrent with US 74A. NC 81 shares pavement with US 74A for a short segment in southeast Asheville. Between Asheville and Gerton, US 74A bears the street name Charlotte Highway. East of Gerton, the road is named the Gerton Highway until arriving at Bat Cave. Through towns and cities, the road takes various names including\",\n \"title\": \"Special routes of U.S. Route 74\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18241846\",\n \"text\": \"S & W Cafeteria (Asheville, North Carolina) S & W Cafeteria, also known as Dale's Cafeteria, is a historic S & W Cafeteria building located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was designed by architect Douglas Ellington and built in 1929. It is a three-story, brick building in the Art Deco style. The front facade is sheathed in grey ashlar and features polychrome ornamentation and exotic stylistic motifs. In 1974, the S & W Cafeteria moved to the Asheville Mall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is located in the Downtown Asheville\",\n \"title\": \"S & W Cafeteria (Asheville, North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12917703\",\n \"text\": \"US 25/70 Business into Marshall and it back along US 25/70. Appalachian Medley is an byway from near Lake Junaluska to Walnut; it is known for several recreational areas, the Appalachian Trail, and its scenic mountain drive. US 25/70 is on of the byway from Walnut to Hot Springs, where it continues via NC 209. Established as an original U.S. Route (1926), US 25 was assigned along the Dixie Highway, which followed NC 29 from South Carolina, through Tuxedo, Flat Rock, Hendersonville, and Biltmore Forest, to Asheville. In the downtown area, US 25 links-up with US 70/NC 20 on College\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Route 25 in North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15085534\",\n \"text\": \"North Carolina Highway 112 North Carolina Highway 112 (NC 112) is an east-west state highway in western North Carolina in Buncombe County, southwest of downtown Asheville. NC 112 begins at its western end at US 19/US 23 (Smokey Park Highway) in the unincorporated community of Enka, but within the city limits of Asheville. From here it travels south and then east on Sand Hill Road before turning southeasterly on Sardis Road for a distance before ending at North Carolina Highway 191 (Brevard Road) in the Asheville community of Venable. Though both ends are within the city limits, short portions of\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Highway 112\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7812726\",\n \"text\": \"See What I Wanna See See What I Wanna See is a musical by Michael John LaChiusa based on three short stories by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa: \\\"Kesa and Morito\\\", \\\"In a Grove\\\" (the inspiration also for Akira Kurosawa's \\\"Rashomon\\\") and \\\"\\\". The story is told in two parts with two prologues. Each prologue involves the medieval lovers/killers Kesa and Morito. The first act follows a murder in Central Park in 1951 from the various perspectives of several different characters. Act two centers on a priest, wavering in his faith, who creates a hoax about a miracle. The musical played Off-Broadway in\",\n \"title\": \"See What I Wanna See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13087105\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Female College The Asheville Female College was the first institution of higher education in the western portion of North Carolina, founded as the Asheville Female Seminary in 1841 by John Dickson, M.D. and Rev. Erasmus Rowley, D.D. The school had its first quarters on the corner of Patton Avenue and Church Street in Asheville, North Carolina. Between 1851 and 1855 the school became the property of the Holston Conference of the Methodist Church and its name was changed to the Holston Conference Female College. It found a home in other buildings on what later became its permanent campus, a\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Female College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8547191\",\n \"text\": \"Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence the Deacon & Martyr is a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church in downtown Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The church was designed and built in 1905 by Spanish architect Rafael Guastavino along with his fellow architect R. S. Smith and the Roman Catholic community of Asheville. Pope John Paul II elevated the status of the church to minor basilica in 1993. It is a parish church, located within the Diocese of Charlotte. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is the only basilica in\",\n \"title\": \"Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6596969\",\n \"text\": \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \\\"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\\\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968, a chart hit for Kenny Rogers and the First Edition. Said to reflect the glue sniffing experience, the song was intended to be a warning about the dangers of using the drug. First recorded on October 10, 1967, by Teddy Hill & the Southern Soul as a single on Rice Records (Rice 5028 b/w \\\"Stagger Lee\\\") and produced by Norro Wilson, Jerry Lee Lewis covered the\",\n \"title\": \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6596972\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Procrastinated Memoirs\\\" April 2018. Their version of the song brings out a hard more grungy sound while adding touches of mainstream influence to build and bring back a classic song that had such impact for its time. Their version of the song has already been making and name while reaching a new audience in the new millennial generation. The First Edition version appears in the following: Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \\\"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\\\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968,\",\n \"title\": \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172241\",\n \"text\": \"past acts include The Allman Brothers Band, Dave Matthews Band, Ani Difranco, Widespread Panic. Other big acts that have played the Asheville area in recent years are bands such as Railroad Earth, Dawes, Porcupine Tree, Broken Social Scene, Ween, the Avett Brothers, Gillian Welch, Cat Power, DJ Lance Rock, Ghost Mice, Loretta Lynn, the Disco Biscuits, STS9, Pretty Lights, Primus, Boyz in the Sink, M. Ward and the Mountain Goats. DJ music, as well as a small, but active, dance community are also components of the downtown musical landscape. The town is also home to the Asheville Symphony Orchestra and\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19859201\",\n \"text\": \"Management Jordan Vance, Director of Community Outreach Josh Yoakum, and Director of Communications Andrew Hunter. All members of the ownership group are Western North Carolina natives. The same day of the announcement City SC announced that Gary Hamel was going to serve as the club's head coach. Hamel served as the head coach of the nearby Mars Hill University's men's soccer program. Hamel additionally served as an assistant coach for the Oregon State Beavers men's soccer program. Asheville City SC also announced on their foundation date, that the club will play its home matches at Memorial Stadium in Downtown Asheville.\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville City SC\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9771746\",\n \"text\": \"What You Get Is What You See \\\"What You Get Is What You See\\\" is a song by recording artist Tina Turner from her album \\\"Break Every Rule\\\" (1986). The song was written by the Terry Britten and Graham Lyle team and was notably different from the three previous singles that they had written for Turner, \\\"What's Love Got to Do with It\\\", \\\"We Don't Need Another Hero\\\" and \\\"Two People\\\", as it was an up-tempo country-tinged rock track featuring Eric Clapton on guitars. Tina Turner said in an interview that \\\"What You Get Is What You See\\\" is her\",\n \"title\": \"What You Get Is What You See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3607951\",\n \"text\": \"NCs, NC-1, NC-3, and NC-4, set out on what was intended as the first demonstration of transatlantic flight, via Newfoundland and the Azores, on 8 May 1919. As junior officer, Mitscher, who had been allotted to one of the commands, lost his command when NC-2 had to be broken up for parts. He went on the flight as one of the pilots of the NC-1. The group met heavy fog off the Azores, making flight in the crudely instrumented aircraft extremely dangerous. Without a visible horizon it was extremely difficult to keep the aircraft in level flight. NC-1 tried different\",\n \"title\": \"Curtiss NC\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2011972\",\n \"text\": \"daily McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 nonstop to Knoxville with this flight continuing on to Louisville and Chicago O'Hare Airport. According to the Official Airline Guide (OAG), Delta, Piedmont, and United were continuing to serve Asheville in April 1975. Delta was still operating one daily McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 flight into Knoxville with this service originating at Chicago O'Hare Airport and making an intermediate stop in Louisville. Piedmont was operating Boeing 737-200 jets as well as Fairchild Hiller FH-227 and NAMC YS-11 turboprops with nonstop service from Atlanta, Charleston, WV, Charlotte, Danville, VA, Fayetteville, NC, Greenville/Spartanburg, SC, Knoxville, Lynchburg, VA, Nashville, Roanoke, Tri-Cities,\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Regional Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15731672\",\n \"text\": \"North Carolina Highway 694 North Carolina Highway 694 (NC 694) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. This scenic highway serves as connector between Asheville and the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP). NC 694 is a two-lane scenic highway begins in downtown Asheville. Going northeast from its southern terminus at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and College Street (the latter of which also carries U.S. Route 70 (US 70) and US 74A), it passes over Interstate 240 as it quickly ascends Beaucatcher Mountain, eventually to the ridge line. From there it curves along the east-side of\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Highway 694\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15731342\",\n \"text\": \"NC 63 was rerouted along existing secondary roads to a new eastern terminus along Patton Avenue in Asheville. North Carolina Highway 63 North Carolina Highway 63 (NC 63) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs east–west, connecting western Madison County with Asheville. NC 63 is a two-lane mountain highway that begins at the community of Trust at NC 209. Going east, it stays along the north bank of the Friezeland Creek before climbing to its highest point at Doggett Gap. It quickly descends down to the mountain valley area below, in what\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Highway 63\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12626397\",\n \"text\": \"is given little or no information about the desired result of the machining. STEP-NC allows more information about the machining process to be sent to the machine control and adds new information about the product being machined. This \\\"Smart Data for Smart Machining\\\" enables applications such as the following: STEP-NC can communicate a complete machining process description to a machine tool control or between manufacturing software applications. The information handled by STEP-NC can be divided into the following general categories. The standard handles technology-specific parameters for milling and turning, and extensions for other technologies under development (see Future Work). STEP-NC\",\n \"title\": \"STEP-NC\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6193900\",\n \"text\": \"70/US 74A exits off I-240 at Charlotte Street. The Interstate continues through a cut in the mountain before turning back to the south. I-240 cross the Swannanoa River near Asheville Mall before terminating at an interchange with I-40. In the early 1960s, the east–west freeway around downtown Asheville, designated US 19/US 23, opened from the Beaucatcher Tunnel westward to NC 191. By 1966, Hanover Street had been converted to a freeway, which carried US 19 Business/US 23 Business/NC 191; additional freeway was constructed from Haywood Street to I-40. In 1968, eastbound lanes were added to the Smoky Park Bridge, the\",\n \"title\": \"Interstate 240 (North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18252163\",\n \"text\": \"notable buildings include the Flatiron Building (1927), Drhumor Building (1895), Sondley Building (1891), Grand Central Hotel Annex (c. 1886), Public Service Building (1929), Kress Building (1926-1927), Mount Zion Missionary Baptist Church (1919), First Church of Christ Scientist (1900-1912), U. S. Post Office and Courthouse (1929-1930), Asheville Citizen and Times Building (1938-1939), Former Bon Marche Department Store (1923), Castanea Building (1921), Loughran Building (1923), Central Methodist Church (1902-1905, 1924, 1968), Trinity Episcopal Church (1912), First Presbyterian Church (1884-1885), Eagles Home (1914), Scottish Rite Cathedral and Masonic Temple (1913), and the Jackson Building (1923-1924). It was listed on the National Register of\",\n \"title\": \"Downtown Asheville Historic District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12962442\",\n \"text\": \"LLC and others bought the Jackson Building and other properties for $15 million in 2004 and sold them to Pack Square Property (Wicker Park Capital Management of Savannah, Georgia) for $28.3 million in 2017. Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Jackson Building is a 140 ft (43m) 15-story building in Asheville, North Carolina which was completed in 1924 in Pack Square downtown. It was the first skyscraper in western North Carolina. The site chosen by developer Lynwood B. Jackson for western North Carolina's first skyscraper was previously that of the tombstone business operated by Thomas Wolfe's father. It was only\",\n \"title\": \"Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12962440\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina) The Jackson Building is a 140 ft (43m) 15-story building in Asheville, North Carolina which was completed in 1924 in Pack Square downtown. It was the first skyscraper in western North Carolina. The site chosen by developer Lynwood B. Jackson for western North Carolina's first skyscraper was previously that of the tombstone business operated by Thomas Wolfe's father. It was only 27 by 60 feet and believed to be too small for a skyscraper, but it now holds the record for tallest building on the smallest lot. Jackson hired architect Ronald Greene. Jackson built the\",\n \"title\": \"Jackson Building (Asheville, North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19888701\",\n \"text\": \"in Tulsa, and fell from its mooring in 1953. This incident led to research on the safety of such heavy bells being used. \\\"Asheville\\\" also served in the Pacific during the war, seeing action during the Dutch East Indies campaign in the early stages of the war with Japan. On 1 March 1942, \\\"Tulsa\\\", \\\"Lark\\\", \\\"Isabel\\\", and \\\"Asheville\\\" sailed out of Tjilatjap, and made for Australia. \\\"Asheville\\\" had engine difficulties during the voyage, which resulted in her being cornered and sunk by , , and on 3 March 1942, south of the island of Java, in what was Netherlands East\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville-class gunboat (1917)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15085536\",\n \"text\": \"During the early 1950s, NC 112 was extended east along US 19/US 23 via an overlap and then southeasterly to NC 191. Around 1963, the original western segment between Candler and the county line was renumbered as NC 151, leaving only the present day routing between Enka and Venable. North Carolina Highway 112 North Carolina Highway 112 (NC 112) is an east-west state highway in western North Carolina in Buncombe County, southwest of downtown Asheville. NC 112 begins at its western end at US 19/US 23 (Smokey Park Highway) in the unincorporated community of Enka, but within the city limits\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Highway 112\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7278700\",\n \"text\": \"in 2006, a new $3.1 million cafeteria was added to the campus. On October 5, 2008, then Senator Barack Obama visited Asheville High School in his race for the White House. Over 25,000 people showed up at the Football Stadium to see Obama deliver his rally speech. In 2016, city school officials identified $25 million in needed repairs. The biggest problem was the roof, with thousands of clay tiles which would all have to be removed (and possibly replaced afterward) for the work. Jack Thomson, executive director of the Preservation Society of Asheville and Buncombe County, called the building \\\"a\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10424356\",\n \"text\": \"What U See Is What U Get \\\"What U See Is What U Get\\\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \\\"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\\\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise of the video is Xzibit's trek to a nearby shop after being asked to pick up some milk. On his way, Xzibit greets several friends,\",\n \"title\": \"What U See Is What U Get\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11285460\",\n \"text\": \"active in Asheville for less than five years, they inspired at least two popular local songs: \\\"Asheville Smoke\\\" by GFE and \\\"Blood On The Ice\\\" by The Monsters of Japan. Asheville Smoke The Asheville Smoke were a professional ice hockey team in the United Hockey League. The team played in Asheville, North Carolina from 1998 to 2002. The Smoke were coached by Keith Gretzky from 1998 to 2000. Prior to the 1998 relocation to Asheville, the team was known as the Brantford Smoke. The closest rival of Asheville were the Knoxville Speed. Original employees of the team included President Dan\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Smoke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15522187\",\n \"text\": \"The Bon Marché Building of Asheville, North Carolina The Bon Marché Building of Asheville, North Carolina was built in 1923 by E.W. Grove for the store's owner, Solomon Lipinsky. This was several years before Grove began construction on nearby Grove Arcade, one of Asheville's most famous architectural landmarks. The Bon Marché building was designed by W.L. Stoddart, a hotel architect who also designed the Battery Park Hotel and Vanderbilt Hotel. This new building served as a larger location for the Bon Marché, originally called Lipinsky and Ellick, which was founded in downtown Asheville in the 1890s. The owner, Solomon Lipinsky,\",\n \"title\": \"The Bon Marché Building of Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9771748\",\n \"text\": \"where in 1989 it was used in a campaign for the New South Wales Rugby League. They later used the Tina Turner song \\\"The Best\\\" in another campaign. The song has been covered many times including by Canadian country music group Straight Clean & Simple and a single for the band taken from their 1992 album \\\"Iron Lady\\\". It was also covered by Scottish / Irish country artist Lisa McHugh. Her cover appears in her 2014 album \\\"A Life That's Good\\\". What You Get Is What You See \\\"What You Get Is What You See\\\" is a song by recording\",\n \"title\": \"What You Get Is What You See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10424358\",\n \"text\": \"the music videos for Xzibit's songs \\\"Paparazzi\\\" and \\\"The Foundation\\\". The music video peaked at 1 during 6 weeks at BET's \\\"Rap City\\\". 12\\\" Promo What U See Is What U Get \\\"What U See Is What U Get\\\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \\\"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\\\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise\",\n \"title\": \"What U See Is What U Get\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10608286\",\n \"text\": \"and find out what was happening and if anything was wrong. With the advent of in-vehicle computer terminals, and a decrease of radio usage, the NC SHP closed the Asheville communications center in 2014 and moved operations to Newton, near Hickory NC, leaving just the administrative Troop G Headquarters command and vehicle repair garage in Asheville. But in 1979, as was the case with many rural NC counties, the Rutherford County Sheriff's communications center dispatched for all emergency and law enforcement agencies in the county except for state officers. State highway patrol dispatchers called the Rutherford County Sheriff's Office repeatedly,\",\n \"title\": \"James W. Hutchins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7812731\",\n \"text\": \"in the UK and U.S. LaChiusa taught a four-hour master class at Minnesota State University, Mankato, in November 2008 as part of that University's production. The first college to put on the production was Oberlin College in Ohio. In February 2009, the first New York City revival of \\\"See What I Wanna See\\\" was produced by \\\"5th Floor Productions\\\" at the Ida K. Lang Recital Hall at Hunter College in a limited engagement of two performances. It was produced by Michael Sancilio with direction by Corey Chambliss. The Signature Theatre, Arlington, Virginia, presented the musical from April 7, 2009 through\",\n \"title\": \"See What I Wanna See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11285457\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Smoke The Asheville Smoke were a professional ice hockey team in the United Hockey League. The team played in Asheville, North Carolina from 1998 to 2002. The Smoke were coached by Keith Gretzky from 1998 to 2000. Prior to the 1998 relocation to Asheville, the team was known as the Brantford Smoke. The closest rival of Asheville were the Knoxville Speed. Original employees of the team included President Dan Wilhelm and Assistant General Manager Jeff Young. Home games played in the Asheville Civic Center. For the years starting in 1998. 1999 and 2001, the team maintained an even record\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Smoke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5208471\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Aces The Asheville Aces were a Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) team in Asheville, North Carolina. The team, which suffered limited success and low attendance, lasted only one year before disbanding. The Asheville Aces were established in the summer preceding the 2004–2005 season. The city of Asheville was perceived as a strong candidate for minor league in spite of the limited success and subsequent demise of the Asheville Smoke which lasted from 1998–2002. Florida real estate investor David Waronker, representing the Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) began lobbying the city for rights to form a team. Meanwhile, John Cherney,\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Aces\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172244\",\n \"text\": \"in the Asheville area. Some of the most distinguished whitewater kayakers live in or around Asheville. In its July/August 2006 journal, the group American Whitewater named Asheville one of the top five US whitewater cities. Asheville is also home to numerous Disc Golf courses. Soccer is another popular recreational sport in Asheville. There are two youth soccer clubs in Asheville, Asheville Shield Football Club and HFC. The Asheville Hockey League provides opportunities for youth and adult inline hockey at an outdoor rink at Carrier Park. The rink is open to the public and pick-up hockey is also available. The Asheville\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14962369\",\n \"text\": \"What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful multi-millionaire tycoon, received a knighthood, and was appointed to the House of Lords. Sir Alan also reveals his main method of business and entrepreneurial activity: (a) observing what market leaders are\",\n \"title\": \"What You See Is What You Get (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4701819\",\n \"text\": \"property owners. During site grading a neighbor pulled a shotgun and threatened a bulldozer operator with it. During the construction's final phase a helicopter crashed into roof and had to be removed with a crane. The copter was being used to move air conditioning units onto the roof at the time of the crash. The center's completion is a testament to the negotiation skill and perseverance on Mr. Coleman's part. The original anchors were The Bon Marche, Belk, and Sears. The S & W Cafeteria moved to the Mall from downtown Asheville in 1974. Shortly after the opening, an Ivey's\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4701818\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Mall Asheville Mall is a regional mall in Asheville, North Carolina. Asheville Mall is located off Interstate 240 in eastern Asheville. It is predominantly a one-story mall. Its anchors are Belk, JCPenney, Sears, and two Dillard's locations. It has 132 stores and is the largest mall in Western North Carolina. It also dominates the area's retail. Asheville Mall was developed by R. L. Coleman and Company opening in stages beginning with Sears on February 3 1972 and the rest of the shopping center opening November 23 1973. The mall's development was met with resistance from city officials and nearby\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5208473\",\n \"text\": \"team came aboard. The city agreed and by the beginning of the 2004–05 season, the Asheville Aces were officially one of nine teams in the SPHL. Orlando's lease was revoked before the start of the season but this still left the SPHL with eight teams. Asheville Aces The Asheville Aces were a Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) team in Asheville, North Carolina. The team, which suffered limited success and low attendance, lasted only one year before disbanding. The Asheville Aces were established in the summer preceding the 2004–2005 season. The city of Asheville was perceived as a strong candidate for\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Aces\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14962370\",\n \"text\": \"doing, (b) making better and cheaper products than the market leaders, and (c) not focusing on the exclusive or more expensive parts of the market, rather selling to the mass market. What You See Is What You Get (book) What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful\",\n \"title\": \"What You See Is What You Get (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1434745\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Colleges That Pay You Back: The 200 Best Value Colleges and What It Takes to Get In - 2016 Edition.\\\" UNC Asheville is one of the nation's best values in public colleges, with the sixth lowest total cost of attending for in-state students, and the 21st lowest average debt among graduates of public universities nationally, according to \\\"Kiplinger's\\\" \\\"Best Values in Public Colleges.\\\" UNC Asheville ranks eighth in the nation among public liberal arts colleges in \\\"U.S. News & World Report's\\\" \\\"2016 Best Colleges.\\\" The Princeton Review features UNC Asheville among \\\"The Best 380 Colleges\\\" 2016 Edition, selected primarily based\",\n \"title\": \"University of North Carolina at Asheville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172231\",\n \"text\": \"residential high schools are located in the Asheville area: the all-male Christ School (located in Arden) and the co-educational Asheville School. Other private schools include Carolina Day School, Veritas Christian Academy and Asheville Christian Academy. Asheville and its surrounding area have several institutions of higher education: Asheville is served by Asheville Regional Airport in nearby Fletcher, North Carolina, and by Interstate 40, Interstate 240, and Interstate 26. A milestone was achieved in 2003 when Interstate 26 was extended from Mars Hill (north of Asheville) to Johnson City, Tennessee, completing a 20-year half-billion dollar construction project through the Blue Ridge Mountains.\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17199010\",\n \"text\": \"What You Don't See What You Don't See is the second studio album by American pop punk band The Story So Far. The Story So Far signed to Pure Noise in March 2010. The band released their debut album in June 2011. The band supported We Are the Union and I Call Fives in July. The band toured alongside Heartsounds and Handguns in August. The band supported Senses Fail in November. From late February to early March 2012 the band went on the Pure Noise Records Tour alongside Handguns, I Call Fives, Daybreaker, The American Scene and Forever Came Calling.\",\n \"title\": \"What You Don't See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16393619\",\n \"text\": \"(established by Irving Jacob Reuter). According to the company's website, the annual budget is approximately $2 million. Asheville Symphony Orchestra The Asheville Symphony Orchestra is a professional orchestra in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The symphony's current conductor and Music Director is Darko Butorac who succeeded Daniel Meyer in 2018. Lamar Stringfield organized and conducted orchestra concerts in Asheville beginning in the mid-1920s. He formed the predecessor to the Asheville Symphony Orchestra for an exhibition concert in 1927 and won the Pulitzer Prize for his musical composition, \\\"From the Southern Mountains\\\" in 1928, eventually leaving Asheville to found the North\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Symphony Orchestra\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7142055\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Citizen-Times The Asheville Citizen-Times is a major daily newspaper of Asheville, North Carolina. It was formed in 1991 as a result of a merger of the morning Asheville Citizen and the afternoon Asheville Times. It is owned by Gannett. Founded in 1870 as a weekly, the \\\"Citizen\\\" became a daily newspaper in 1885. Writers Thomas Wolfe, O. Henry, both buried in Asheville, and F. Scott Fitzgerald, a common visitor of Asheville, frequently could be found in the newsroom in earlier days. In 1930 the \\\"Citizen\\\" came under common ownership with the \\\"Times\\\", which was first established in 1896 as\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Citizen-Times\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16393616\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Symphony Orchestra The Asheville Symphony Orchestra is a professional orchestra in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. The symphony's current conductor and Music Director is Darko Butorac who succeeded Daniel Meyer in 2018. Lamar Stringfield organized and conducted orchestra concerts in Asheville beginning in the mid-1920s. He formed the predecessor to the Asheville Symphony Orchestra for an exhibition concert in 1927 and won the Pulitzer Prize for his musical composition, \\\"From the Southern Mountains\\\" in 1928, eventually leaving Asheville to found the North Carolina Symphony in Chapel Hill in 1932. With the nation's highest per capita dept from the Great\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Symphony Orchestra\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5579706\",\n \"text\": \"Me What You See\\\" was written completely by McCartney. Despite McCartney's later comments – \\\"Not awfully memorable\\\", in an interview with author Barry Miles – \\\"Tell Me What You See\\\" shows the musical growth of the Beatles since \\\"Please Please Me\\\", and foreshadows their further exploration on \\\"Rubber Soul\\\" and \\\"Revolver\\\". Following each repetition of the title phrase, there is a brief instrumental break featuring a Hohner Pianet. The instrument is featured on two other tracks on \\\"Help!\\\": \\\"You Like Me Too Much\\\" and \\\"The Night Before\\\", both recorded the day before \\\"Tell Me What You See.\\\" Ringo Starr's drumming\",\n \"title\": \"Tell Me What You See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172229\",\n \"text\": \"two public school systems in the city of Asheville, Buncombe County Schools or Asheville City Schools, based on address. Public Asheville City Schools include Asheville High School (known as Lee H Edwards High School 1935–1969), School of Inquiry and Life Sciences at Asheville, Asheville Middle School, Claxton Elementary, Randolph Learning Center, Hall Fletcher Elementary, Isaac Dickson Elementary, Ira B. Jones Elementary and Vance Elementary. Asheville High has been ranked by \\\"Newsweek\\\" magazine as one of the top 100 high schools in the United States. The Buncombe County Schools System operates high schools, middle schools and elementary schools both inside and\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17199018\",\n \"text\": \"Albums Of 2013\\\" list. The album debuted at number 46 on the Billboard 200. It sold over 13,500 copies in the first week. As of April 2015, the album has sold 63,000 copies domestically. All songs written by Parker Cannon, Kelen Capener, Kevin Geyer, William Levy and Ryan Torf. Personnel per booklet. The Story So Far Production Footnotes Citations Sources What You Don't See What You Don't See is the second studio album by American pop punk band The Story So Far. The Story So Far signed to Pure Noise in March 2010. The band released their debut album in\",\n \"title\": \"What You Don't See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172242\",\n \"text\": \"the Asheville Lyric Opera and there are a number of bluegrass, country, and traditional mountain musicians in the Asheville area. A residency at local music establishment the Orange Peel by the Smashing Pumpkins in 2007, along with the Beastie Boys in 2009, brought national attention to Asheville. The Seattle based rock band Band of Horses have also recorded their last two albums at Echo Mountain Studios in Asheville, as have the Avett Brothers (who have also traditionally played a New Year's Eve concert in Asheville). Christian vocal group the Kingsmen originated in Asheville. Area colleges and universities, such as the\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8916355\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville City Schools Asheville City schools is a local school district in Asheville, North Carolina. The district is responsible for serving large portions of the city of Asheville and as of the 2014-2015 school year was responsible for serving 4,361 students. The first school west of the blue ridge mountains in Western North Carolina was built in Asheville in 1790 by Scotch-Irish settlers, and it was located around the area of present-day Biltmore avenue. Most of the early schools in the Asheville area were rudimentary subscription schools that only operated three to four months per year, and charged tuition for\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville City Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20662763\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville Velodrome The Asheville Velodrome in Asheville, North Carolina is known as the Mellowdrome, named after its gentle banking. The Mellowdrome was originally a dirt race car 1/3 track on the early versions of the NASCAR circuit. In 2011, the track was donated by the Carrier Family to the City of Asheville. The track and the surround park along the French Broad River became Carrier Park. The Mellowdrome is an official \\\"velodrome\\\" recognized by USA Cycling. The Mellowdrome is open to all bicycles, both \\\"fixed gear\\\" track bikes and bicycles with gears/brakes due to its gentle banking. In March 2018\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Velodrome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4701820\",\n \"text\": \"was added in the mid-1970s, along with a minor addition to the mall. In 1989, JCPenney joined the mall, adding onto a wing that had been added earlier in the decade. Montgomery Ward opened in 1994 in the space that housed The Bon Marche, later regional chains Meyers-Arnold and Uptons. After Dillard's purchased Ivey's in the early 1990s, that store was converted to a Dillard's. Belk expanded its store and added a second level in 2000. In the same year the mall added a Food Court. Asheville Mall Asheville Mall is a regional mall in Asheville, North Carolina. Asheville Mall\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172214\",\n \"text\": \"181 days. Precipitation is relatively well spread (though the summer months are slightly wetter), and averages annually, but has historically ranged from in 1925 to in 2013. Snowfall is sporadic, averaging per winter, but actual seasonal accumulation varies considerably from one winter to the next; accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 2011–12 to in 1968–69. Freezing rain often occurs, accompanied by significant disruption. <section begin=\\\"weather box\\\" /> Notable architecture in Asheville includes its Art Deco city hall, and other unique buildings in the downtown area, such as the Battery Park Hotel, the original of which was 475-feet long with\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"295739\",\n \"text\": \"computer in the definition can be assumed to be a \\\"parallel, random-access machine\\\" (PRAM). That is a parallel computer with a central pool of memory, and any processor can access any bit of memory in constant time. The definition of NC is not affected by the choice of how the PRAM handles simultaneous access to a single bit by more than one processor. It can be CRCW, CREW, or EREW. See PRAM for descriptions of those models. Equivalently, NC can be defined as those decision problems decidable by a uniform Boolean circuit (which can be calculated from the length of\",\n \"title\": \"NC (complexity)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1172240\",\n \"text\": \"event is \\\"Downtown After 5,\\\" a monthly concert series held from 5 pm till 9 pm that hosts popular touring musicians as well as local acts. A regular drum circle, organized by residents in Pritchard Park, is open to all and has been a popular local activity every Friday evening. It is also home of the Moog Music Headquarters. Asheville also plays host to the Warren Haynes Christmas Jam, an annual charity event which raises money for Habitat For Humanity, and attracts nationally touring acts; in addition to regular performers Haynes himself, and the band he plays with, Gov't Mule,\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20662764\",\n \"text\": \"a major renovation was completed and now the Mellowdrome has slightly more banking and is constructed of high quality concrete. The Mellowdrome is outside and open during daylight hours. Asheville Velodrome The Asheville Velodrome in Asheville, North Carolina is known as the Mellowdrome, named after its gentle banking. The Mellowdrome was originally a dirt race car 1/3 track on the early versions of the NASCAR circuit. In 2011, the track was donated by the Carrier Family to the City of Asheville. The track and the surround park along the French Broad River became Carrier Park. The Mellowdrome is an official\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville Velodrome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7278692\",\n \"text\": \"Asheville High School Asheville High School is a public high school located in Asheville, North Carolina, United States and is one of two secondary schools in the Asheville City Schools system. Designed by Douglas Ellington, construction of the original building began in 1927 and was completed two years later. The modern addition was built in 1970 and a new cafeteria was finished in 2006. There is a second school located at the same address; the School of Inquiry and Life Sciences at Asheville (SILSA). After the railroad system reached Asheville in 1881, the population of the city grew from 2,000\",\n \"title\": \"Asheville High School\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["asheville art museum","folk art center","grove park inn","pisgah national forest","bele chere","biltmore estate","chimney rock state park","thomas wolfe house","carl sandburg home national historic site","smith-mcdowell house"],"string":"[\n \"asheville art museum\",\n \"folk art center\",\n \"grove park inn\",\n \"pisgah national forest\",\n \"bele chere\",\n \"biltmore estate\",\n \"chimney rock state park\",\n \"thomas wolfe house\",\n \"carl sandburg home national historic site\",\n \"smith-mcdowell house\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1187,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did carrie underwood live?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"4661765","text":"appeared in the global advertising campaign for their facial wash. In January 2014, Underwood signed a deal with Nicole by OPI to launch 14 new nail lacquers. In the same month, Underwood had signed a deal to serve as Almay's global brand ambassador, where she would appear in TV and print advertisements for the brand later that month. In March 2015, Underwood released a fitness clothing line named CALIA by Carrie Underwood. In collaboration with Dick's Sporting Goods, the line features clothing that is intended to be suitable for both active and casual wear. Underwood established the Checotah Animal, Town,","title":"Carrie Underwood"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661765\",\n \"text\": \"appeared in the global advertising campaign for their facial wash. In January 2014, Underwood signed a deal with Nicole by OPI to launch 14 new nail lacquers. In the same month, Underwood had signed a deal to serve as Almay's global brand ambassador, where she would appear in TV and print advertisements for the brand later that month. In March 2015, Underwood released a fitness clothing line named CALIA by Carrie Underwood. In collaboration with Dick's Sporting Goods, the line features clothing that is intended to be suitable for both active and casual wear. Underwood established the Checotah Animal, Town,\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"19047241","text":"Theater in New York City. She has since performed the song live numerous times for the . Underwood performed the song live on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on September 16. Her next televised performance came at the 50th annual CMA Awards, where she performed \"Dirty Laundry\" with an all-female band that included Orianthi. Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song) \"Dirty Laundry\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, \"Storyteller\" (2015). The song was written by Zach Crowell, Ashley Gorley, and Hillary Lindsey, with production from Jay Joyce, and was released as the","title":"Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661774","text":"\"Carrie Underworm\" a worm who sings a song about worm pride before an auto race Sesame Street is holding. Underwood made her film debut in \"Soul Surfer\" in April 2011. She played Sarah Hill, the church youth leader who helped Bethany Hamilton overcome the obstacles she faced after the shark attack. Underwood played Maria von Trapp in NBC's \"The Sound of Music Live!\". The three-hour telecast aired on December 5, 2013, partnering NBC with the producing team of Craig Zadan and Neil Meron. \"To have a star like Carrie Underwood perform Maria in \"The Sound of Music\", and in such","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"16321151","text":"her 2014 EP, \"Fearless\". Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song) \"Good Girl\" is a song by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. The song was written by Chris DeStefano, Ashley Gorley, and Underwood. It was released by Arista Nashville as the lead single from Underwood's fourth studio album, \"Blown Away\" (2012). Underwood debuted the song in a live performance during the annual Country Radio Seminar (CRS) event in Nashville on February 23, 2012. The song was sent to country radio stations directly following the performance. It was made available for purchase as a digital download on February 23, 2012. \"Good","title":"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"16321143","text":"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song) \"Good Girl\" is a song by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. The song was written by Chris DeStefano, Ashley Gorley, and Underwood. It was released by Arista Nashville as the lead single from Underwood's fourth studio album, \"Blown Away\" (2012). Underwood debuted the song in a live performance during the annual Country Radio Seminar (CRS) event in Nashville on February 23, 2012. The song was sent to country radio stations directly following the performance. It was made available for purchase as a digital download on February 23, 2012. \"Good Girl\" officially impacted country","title":"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"19111740","text":"was directed by Randee St. Nicholas. The video shows Underwood in a sparkly gold flowing dress, walking barefoot through a lush forest, humming the melody of the song. She is seen wandering through the forest and singing the ballad. Underwood performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards on November 22, 2015. She also performed the song on the twelfth season of \"The X Factor\" on November 29, 2015. Underwood performed the song along with Sam Hunt at the 58th Grammy Awards on February 15, 2016. The pair also performed Hunt's song \"Take Your Time\". Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood","title":"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661786","text":"prior to their victory over the Winnipeg Jets in Game 2 of the second round of the 2018 Stanley Cup Playoffs. Headlining Co-headlining Carrie Underwood Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005. Her debut single, \"Inside Your Heaven\", was the first country music single in history to debut at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005. Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661670","text":"Carrie Underwood Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005. Her debut single, \"Inside Your Heaven\", was the first country music single in history to debut at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005. Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"10296448","text":"of top ten singles on the Hot Country Songs chart at 26. Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released six studio albums and 31 singles. Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of \"American Idol\" in 2005. Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history. It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) history, as well as the top-selling debut album of any \"American Idol\" contestant in the United States. Her second album, \"Carnival","title":"Carrie Underwood discography"},{"psg_id":"10296441","text":"Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released six studio albums and 31 singles. Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of \"American Idol\" in 2005. Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history. It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) history, as well as the top-selling debut album of any \"American Idol\" contestant in the United States. Her second album, \"Carnival Ride\", was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the","title":"Carrie Underwood discography"},{"psg_id":"18980006","text":"Laundry\" at number 47 (3,000 copies), \"Relapse\" at number 48 (4,000 copies) and \"Church Bells\" at number 49 (2,300 copies). Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album) Storyteller is the fifth studio album recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released on October 23, 2015, by Sony Music Nashville. Following the release and success of her fourth studio album, \"Blown Away\" (2012), Underwood began working on \"Storyteller\" in early 2014. However, she tentatively suspended most work on the album because of her pregnancy with her first child. In the midterm, Underwood released her first greatest hits record, \"\", on December","title":"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"18979989","text":"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album) Storyteller is the fifth studio album recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released on October 23, 2015, by Sony Music Nashville. Following the release and success of her fourth studio album, \"Blown Away\" (2012), Underwood began working on \"Storyteller\" in early 2014. However, she tentatively suspended most work on the album because of her pregnancy with her first child. In the midterm, Underwood released her first greatest hits record, \"\", on December 9, 2014, to much success. After the birth of her son, she took some additional time off before going back","title":"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"4661743","text":"Route 91 Harvest Music Festival shooting, and the performance received widespread acclaim. Underwood released her second concert experience, \"The Storyteller Tour: Live from Madison Square Garden,\" on November 17. A few days after the CMA Awards in November 2017, Underwood sustained injuries in a fall at home that resulted in a broken wrist and several facial stitches. Underwood did not make any public appearances for several months following the incident. In January 2018, Underwood released \"The Champion\", a promotional duet single featuring Ludacris for Super Bowl LII. \"The Champion\" is Underwood's first under the pop genre. The song debuted at","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661782","text":"abuse and then fail to turn in the evidence to authorities within 48 hours. This is to stop animal rights activists from accumulating enough documentation to prove that animal cruelty is routine in big agribusiness. Underwood tweeted, \"Shame on TN lawmakers for passing the Ag Gag bill. If Gov. Bill Haslam signs this, he needs to expect me at his front door. Who's with me?\" State Rep. Andy Holt responded to her tweet, saying, \"I would say that Carrie Underwood will stick to singing, I'll stick to lawmaking.\" Underwood later responded via Twitter, \"I should stick to singing? Wow…sorry, I'm","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661753","text":"in 2005, Underwood has been praised by both veteran artists and music critics. \"Rolling Stone\" describes Underwood as \"the female vocalist of her generation of any genre\", while \"Billboard\" magazine refers to her as Country Music's reigning Queen. Grady Smith of \"The Guardian\" has praised her, saying \"Carrie Underwood has emerged as the leader of country music\". \"Time\" listed her in their 100 most influential people in the world in 2014, in which Brad Paisley wrote \"not only has she earned her place, she's also raised the bar: she's a prolific songwriter, a trendsetter and an Opry member\", and further","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661712","text":"Overall, she was ranked No. 50 on the Artists of the Decade list by \"Billboard\". Also in late 2009, Underwood had her very own \"CMT Invitation Only\" and also hosted a Christmas special, \"Carrie Underwood: An All-Star Holiday Special\", a two-hour variety show on Fox that featured Dolly Parton (with whom she sang a rendition duet of \"I Will Always Love You\") season seven \"American Idol\" champion David Cook, Kristin Chenoweth, Brad Paisley and others. In May 2010, Underwood was selected on People Magazine's 100 Most Beautiful People List for 2010. This was the 4th year in a row that","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661709","text":"\"Temporary Home\" from CMT: Invitation Only presents Carrie Underwood. Underwood won two international awards at the 8th French Country Music Awards, which were Best Female Vocalist and Video of the Year, for \"Cowboy Casanova\". At the 2010 American Music Awards, she won \"Favorite Country Album\", for \"Play On\", making her the only artist in the American Music Award history to have all albums awarded in such a category. She co-hosted the 2010 CMA Awards with Brad Paisley for the third year in a row. At the 2011 Grammy Awards, Underwood was nominated for 'Best Female Country Vocal Performance' for \"Temporary","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"9208271","text":"Wasted (Carrie Underwood song) \"Wasted\" is a song written by Marv Green, Troy Verges and Hillary Lindsey, and recorded by American country music artist Carrie Underwood. It was released in February 2007 as the sixth and final single from her multi-platinum debut album, \"Some Hearts\". The single began receiving country radio airplay as an album track, causing it to place on the US Country chart weeks before its official release as a single. In January 2007, Underwood filmed the video for the song in Tampa, Florida. This was her fourth music video, and it was released during the beginning of","title":"Wasted (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"19111730","text":"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song) \"Heartbeat\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, \"Storyteller\". It was written by Underwood, Ashley Gorley, and the song's producer, Zach Crowell. Country singer Sam Hunt sings backing vocals on the track. The song was released to the radio by Arista Nashville on November 30, 2015 as the album's second single, after \"Smoke Break\". Musically, \"Heartbeat\" is a country pop and a R&B song with lyrics that relate to the feeling of intimacy experienced by being alone with one's lover. It appears to be inspired by Underwood's","title":"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"17201168","text":"See You Again (Carrie Underwood song) See You Again is a power ballad song released by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. It was written by Underwood, Hillary Lindsey, and David Hodges. It was released as the fourth and final single from Underwood's fourth studio album, \"Blown Away\", on April 15, 2013. Underwood announced the single on her official Twitter account. Underwood debuted the song on the twelfth season of \"American Idol\" on April 4, 2013. \"See You Again\" is Underwood's eighteenth consecutive Top 10 single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and is also her seventeenth single","title":"See You Again (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661751","text":"\"Paradise City\", with \"Rolling Stone\" critics saying it was a \"standout performance\", adding that \"when the song reached its crescendo, the singer went right over the edge with it, twirling like a tornado and tossing in more than a few banshee wails\" and even saying \"if the original members of Guns N' Roses ever wanted to reunite without Axl Rose, they might be wise to ask Carrie Underwood to fill his bandana\". Underwood has credited \"music as a whole\" as her major influence, since she \"grew up listening to \"music\"\" and \"there were songs, different kind of songs coming at","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661723","text":"shows in Australia, including a sold-out date at the Sydney Opera House, on July 2. The first leg of the \"Blown Away Tour\" made Underwood the best-selling female country touring artist of 2012, grossing over $29.2 million and bringing her career tour revenues to over $95 million. The tour had its own exhibition at the Country Music Hall of Fame, called \"Carrie Underwood: The Blown Away Tour Exhibition\", which ran from June 5 through November 10, 2013. The second leg of the tour started in February 2013, with shows in Ireland, an additional show in England, as part of the","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661719","text":"The album was the 7th best-selling album of 2012, the second best-selling country album of the year and the second best-selling release by a female artist in 2012. It has been certified Double Platinum by the RIAA and sold over 1.7 million copies in the United States alone. Underwood had her very own VH1 Unplugged (called \"VH1 Presents: Carrie Underwood Unplugged\") and VH1 Behind The Music episodes. \"Two Black Cadillacs\", the third single from the album, was released on November 26. It became Underwood's 17th top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs, extending her own record, later peaking","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"9208274","text":"fifth overall number one single. It spent three weeks at number one on the country charts. It debuted at number 57 on the country charts before its official release. The song also received a significant amount of digital downloads on the iTunes music store after her performance of the song on \"American Idol\". The song sold 705,000 as of October 2011. On August 10, 2015 \"Wasted\" was officially certified Platinum. Wasted (Carrie Underwood song) \"Wasted\" is a song written by Marv Green, Troy Verges and Hillary Lindsey, and recorded by American country music artist Carrie Underwood. It was released in","title":"Wasted (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"17201173","text":"was officially certified as Platinum. On June 7, 2013, \"Good Morning America\" gave a first look for the music video for \"See You Again\". The full video premiered soon after on ABCNews.com. The music video was directed by Eric Welch. It showed the aftermaths of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the September 11 attacks and the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado, along with various reunions. See You Again (Carrie Underwood song) See You Again is a power ballad song released by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. It was written by Underwood, Hillary Lindsey, and David Hodges. It was","title":"See You Again (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"19047234","text":"Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song) \"Dirty Laundry\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, \"Storyteller\" (2015). The song was written by Zach Crowell, Ashley Gorley, and Hillary Lindsey, with production from Jay Joyce, and was released as the fourth single from the album in the United States and Canada. The single was shipped to country radio on August 22 and made its official impact on September 5. \"Dirty Laundry\" is a song about infidelity. About the song, co-writer Ashley Gorley said, \"Zach's tracks have a theme of being a little wild","title":"Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"16664426","text":"Annual Grammy Awards. \"Blown Away\" was performed as the encore of Underwood's Blown Away Tour (2012–13), along with \"I Know You Won't\". Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song) \"Blown Away\" is a song by American recording artist Carrie Underwood, taken from her fourth studio album of the same name (2012). The song served as the album's second single on July 9, 2012 through Arista Nashville. Written by Chris Tompkins and Josh Kear, who previously wrote Underwood's single \"Before He Cheats\" (2007), \"Blown Away\" is a country pop song with lyrics addressing the story of a daughter locking herself in a storm","title":"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"16664404","text":"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song) \"Blown Away\" is a song by American recording artist Carrie Underwood, taken from her fourth studio album of the same name (2012). The song served as the album's second single on July 9, 2012 through Arista Nashville. Written by Chris Tompkins and Josh Kear, who previously wrote Underwood's single \"Before He Cheats\" (2007), \"Blown Away\" is a country pop song with lyrics addressing the story of a daughter locking herself in a storm cellar while her alcoholic father is passed out on the couch in the path of a tornado. Producer Mark Bright drew inspiration","title":"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"13764077","text":"number 176 for \"Billboard\" 200 Albums. <br> <br> <br> <br> Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released in the United States on November 3, 2009, through Arista Nashville. The album debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies, which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release. It is her second album to debut at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200, and her third to debut atop the \"Billboard\" Top Country","title":"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"13764054","text":"Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released in the United States on November 3, 2009, through Arista Nashville. The album debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies, which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release. It is her second album to debut at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200, and her third to debut atop the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. As of October 2016, the album has been","title":"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"4661730","text":"Country Music awarded Underwood the Gene Weed Special Achievement Award, for her widespread exposure through NFL Sunday Night Football, the live NBC broadcast of \"The Sound of Music Live!\", her worldwide Blown Away Tour and her charity work with the American Red Cross and her C.A.T.S. Foundation. At the 2014 Billboard Music Awards, Underwood won the Milestone Award, for which she had been nominated due to her chart success, especially her record of having the best starting run ever by a woman on the Country Airplay chart (18 top ten hits on the chart). \"Time\" listed Underwood as one of","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"18300526","text":"is also performed as the encore of her \"\". Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song) \"Something in the Water\" is a song by American country music artist Carrie Underwood, from her first greatest hits album, \"\". The song was released on September 29, 2014, as the album's lead single through Arista Nashville. It was written by Underwood, Chris DeStefano, Brett James, and produced by Mark Bright. A crossover success, \"Something in the Water\" reached No. 1 on both the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs and Hot Christian Songs charts. It is Underwood's 14th career leader on Hot Country Songs and","title":"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"18300516","text":"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song) \"Something in the Water\" is a song by American country music artist Carrie Underwood, from her first greatest hits album, \"\". The song was released on September 29, 2014, as the album's lead single through Arista Nashville. It was written by Underwood, Chris DeStefano, Brett James, and produced by Mark Bright. A crossover success, \"Something in the Water\" reached No. 1 on both the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs and Hot Christian Songs charts. It is Underwood's 14th career leader on Hot Country Songs and her second in 2014. It topped the former chart","title":"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"12110799","text":"Go Away\", and trying not to talk about the inevitability of him leaving for war. As she imagines what it would be like to walk down the aisle and marry him, Underwood’s smile and white dress transform into a black mourning dress and tears as she walks down the aisle to her husband's coffin; submerged with scenes of Underwood receiving news of his death. It ends with a still shot of Carrie at the casket with flag in hand panning out to reveal a sunny, breezy landscape. Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song) \"Just a Dream\" is a country song,","title":"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"15654629","text":"Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song) \"Remind Me\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released in May 2011 as the third single from Paisley's 2011 album \"This Is Country Music\". The music video for the song premiered on CMT on July 26, 2011. The song was also named Taste of Country's Song of The Year for 2011. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Chris DuBois. In an interview at the \"Billboard\" Country Music Summit in June 2011, Underwood described the recording","title":"Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661777","text":"day before. Due to Underwood's fans' threats on Facebook to never tune into the radio station, the station later modified its statement. It apologized for its actions, saying that its statements were meant to be taken as a joke, as it does not play Underwood's country songs anyway, and it was its tongue-in-cheek way of wishing Fisher the best of luck in Nashville. Fisher later criticized the station saying \"obviously Carrie had nothing to do with the move or the trade or anything so to imply something like that was just wrong\", and noting that both he and Underwood were","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661754","text":"considers her to be \"the best singer in any format of music.\" Vince Gill has also stated: \"The possibility of Carrie's longevity is through the roof. There are fine singers, and there are gifted, great singers, and she's one of those. Her vocal skills are off the hook\". Melissa Etheridge also adds saying \"she has a power in her country music, in her singing. She can crossover to Rock in a second\". She has further received public commendation from Stevie Nicks, Steven Tyler, Tony Bennett, Dolly Parton, and Loretta Lynn. David Wild of \"Rolling Stone\" has stated that \"Carrie Underwood","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"18300519","text":"and called the song a \"spiritual heartstring-tugger\". \"Billboard\" praised the song with 4 out of 5 stars, stating: \"Carrie Underwood offers a message of faith in times of trouble\". \"Music Times\" praised the song by saying that Underwood \"pulls out all of her strongest, boldest notes for the religious anthem\" and that the song \"builds to some of the greatest heights Underwood has reached to date\". \"All Access Music\" also praised the song, stating that \"It's a welcome – and bold – move for Underwood that flies in the face of Country's recent direction. Her vocals soar and to no","title":"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"15654636","text":"the relationship. In the end, they are finally face-to-face. This open end leaves up in the air if they will remind each other, just like the song. Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song) \"Remind Me\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released in May 2011 as the third single from Paisley's 2011 album \"This Is Country Music\". The music video for the song premiered on CMT on July 26, 2011. The song was also named Taste of Country's Song of The Year for","title":"Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"18979993","text":"2015, Underwood announced the album's title and release date via live Facebook stream. Underwood has described Storyteller as being more laid-back and more twangy as opposed to her last studio album, \"Blown Away\" (2012). For this album, Underwood worked with frequent collaborators such as Hillary Lindsey, Ashley Gorley, Chris DeStefano, David Hodges, Brett James, and Mark Bright, although Underwood also worked with new collaborators such as Liz Rose, Zach Crowell, and Jay Joyce. Joyce produced the album's lead single \"Smoke Break\", which Underwood wrote with DeStefano and Lindsey. Underwood revealed the album's track listing on September 9, 2015, via her","title":"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"16664411","text":"where I was when I heard it and called my manager, Ann, and I was like, 'Do not let anyone else have this song! It’s my song.' In talking to Chris and Josh about it, they [told me], 'We said we're either writing a song for Carrie Underwood or this song is never going to see the light of day.' It made me feel so good that they were thinking of me when they wrote it.\" As noted by interviewer Kurt Wolff, \"the melody and overall sound of the song also stand out as something fresh and very different.\" Tompkins","title":"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661724","text":"festival, and several shows in North America. All dates of the second leg of the \"Blown Away Tour\" were sold out, breaking records. Underwood wrapped the \"Blown Away Tour\" in late May 2013, playing to one million fans across three continents and six countries. Her three headline arena tours have played to over 3.2 million fans combined. Underwood released \"The Blown Away Tour: LIVE\", a DVD with nearly 100 minutes of performance footage, behind-the-scene looks, interviews, and music videos from the album \"Blown Away\". The DVD was released on August 13, 2013, and is Underwood's first official DVD concert. On","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"12110791","text":"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song) \"Just a Dream\" is a country song, released as the fourth single from Carrie Underwood's second studio album, \"Carnival Ride\". The song was written by Gordie Sampson, Steve McEwan, and Hillary Lindsey. The song was officially released to radio on July 21, 2008. A video for the song was released on August 5, 2008. The song was nominated for 2010 Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. The song debuted at number 96 on the U.S. \"[Billboard\" Pop 100 chart without any radio release at the end of the released week of \"Carnival","title":"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661704","text":"by a female artist, but was later overtaken by Susan Boyle's \"I Dreamed a Dream\" and finished the year as No. 2. Underwood wrote a song with pop/R&B singer-songwriter Ne-Yo for the album, the song, however, did not make the album. The first single from the album, \"Cowboy Casanova\", co-written by Underwood, Brett James and hip hop producer Mike Elizondo, was released in September 2009. It was a huge success, jumping from No. 96 to No. 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in its second week, one of the biggest single-week upwards on the chart of all time. It later","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"19111735","text":"compliments her vocals perfectly, with the pairing of their vocals and the echoing effect it creates adding a deeper element to the song, both in terms of sound and aesthetic. At its core, \"Heartbeat\" is nothing new; it covers a familiar topic with a familiar sound behind it. However, the sentimental and thematic vocals bring the song to a whole other level.\" Markos Papadatos of Digital Journal reviewed the song positively by calling it \"absolutely beautiful\". He concluded his review by saying, \"Carrie Underwood tackles the subject matter in \"Heartbeat\" with much delicacy and sentimentalism. It garners an A rating,","title":"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"19111732","text":"Hunt). \"Heartbeat\" is a country pop and R&B song written by Carrie Underwood, Ashley Gorley, and Zach Crowell. It is a sentimental ballad composed in the key of B minor and the sheet music designates a \"slow\" tempo of 140 BPM. The song alternates between \"smooth\" verses with a relatively low-key musical accompaniment and a \"bombastic\" chorus. Country singer Sam Hunt, who is a frequent collaborator of Crowell's, sings backing vocals on the track, leading some publications to label the song a duet. Hunt provides background vocals on the chorus and bridge, with Underwood's vocals layered over top of his","title":"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661764","text":"appeared in Target advertisements promoting her album Carnival Ride. The limited edition of the album which included a behind the scenes DVD was exclusively sold at Target. In 2008, Underwood worked with Nintendo for the launch of their Nintendo DS appearing in various television commercials. That same year, Underwood became the spokesperson for Vitamin Water starring in television and magazine advertisements. Underwood also hosts a guide to a healthy lifestyle on Vitamin Water's website. In 2010, Underwood became the spokesperson for the Pedigree adoption drive. In 2011, she became the first celebrity brand ambassador for Olay skin care. Underwood has","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661744","text":"number 47 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, powered by its launch at number three on the Digital Song Sales chart with 61,000 downloads. Underwood met songwriter/producer David Garcia in 2017, with whom she began co-producing her new album. Underwood returned to the stage for the first time since her accident and debuted her new single \"Cry Pretty\" at the 53rd Annual ACM Awards on April 15, where she received two nominations; she won the award for Vocal Event of the Year for \"The Fighter\" with Keith Urban. On May 11, she celebrated a decade of being an Opry member.","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661768","text":"the official spokesperson for the Pedigree adoption drive. On March 29, 2010, Underwood and Pedigree partnered to donate $10,000 to a New York City Animal Shelter. In April 2011, Underwood opened the Happy Paws Animal Shelter in her hometown. On January 10, 2012, it was reported but had previously been blogged by Underwood herself on her official fan-site, that the singer rescued an abandoned dog along highway. Underwood and her husband made a video for the \"Do It for Daron\" campaign urging young people to stop bullying. In July 2012, she publicly endorsed same-sex marriage. She told the British newspaper","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661763","text":"seller of the past 10 years in the United States. With her sixth studio album opening at number one on Billboard's Top 200 Albums chart, Underwood broke several records: she was the first woman in history to launch four country albums to number one there, as well as the first female country artist to top Billboard's The Artist 100 chart. Underwood has had many endorsements throughout her career. She has signed multimillion-dollar deals with Skechers, Target, Nintendo, Olay, Nicole by OPI, Hershey's, Almay and Dick's Sporting Goods. In 2005, Underwood appeared in a Skechers global advertising campaign. In 2007, Underwood","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661746","text":"Artist and expanding her record for most wins in the category. On June 22, Underwood was honored with the Hero award from the Radio Disney Music Awards, in recognition of her humanitarian efforts. She and Ludacris performed their song \"The Champion\" together at the awards ceremony. Brad Paisley and Underwood hosted the 52nd Annual Country Music Association Awards on November 14, 2018. The same month, Underwood announced she would kick off the Cry Pretty Tour 360 in May 2019. Her sixth studio album, \"Cry Pretty\", was released on September 14, 2018. Underwood performed \"Spinning Bottles\", a song from the album,","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661742","text":"signed with Universal Music Group's Capitol Records Nashville after being with Arista Nashville for nearly twelve years. Madame Tussauds unveiled a new figure of Underwood when the Nashville location opened in April 2017. Matthew West collaborated with Underwood, who performed background vocals on the song \"Something Greater\" from his album, \"All In\" (2017). Underwood and Brad Paisley hosted the CMA Awards in November, marking their 10th consecutive year as hosts. Underwood again received a nomination in the Female Vocalist category, her twelfth nomination to date. She performed \"Softly and Tenderly\" as part of a tribute to the victims of the","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661727","text":"Underwood told \"Billboard\", \"After \"The Sound of Music\", I feel like I can really buckle down and start working on the next album.\" Underwood also stated she has been planning another tour, which might be toned down from her earlier ones, stating, \"I haven't thought about it much because I don't know what the next album is going to sound like, but I like just standing there and singing, too. I may take a different approach, a more simple approach on the next one. I loved the energy that rock concerts had,\" Underwood told \"Billboard\". Underwood is featured on Miranda","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661714","text":"of Service\", which honored former President George H. W. Bush. At the season ten finale of \"American Idol,\" Underwood selected a song for contestant Lauren Alaina to sing. Underwood is featured on \"Remind Me\", a duet with Brad Paisley that reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs, giving Underwood her eleventh number-one single on such chart and fourteenth overall. She has also a duet with Tony Bennett on his 2011 album \"Duets II\" and another duet with Randy Travis on his 2011 \"Anniversary Celebration\" album. Underwood was one of the headliners of the iHeartRadio Music Festival. The event","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661713","text":"she was selected for the list. Also in May, Victoria's Secret named her legs the Sexiest Legs in Hollywood. In June 2011, \"Rolling Stone\" magazine ranked Underwood as the No. 11 Queen of Pop, based on a lot of criteria from 2009 until 2011. Underwood co-wrote and recorded a song titled \"There's a Place for Us\", the lead single from \"\". Underwood and songwriters, David Hodges and Hillary Lindsey, received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. In March 2011, Underwood sang John Lennon's \"Instant Karma!\" at the NBC's special \"All Together Now – A Celebration","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661692","text":"Stream\" with Kenny Rogers (originally by Parton and Rogers) at the Kennedy Center Honors, which honored Parton that year. Underwood performed with the USO Christmas Tour in Iraq during the 2006 Holiday season. Underwood also performed at the 2007 Idol Gives Back concert, singing \"I'll Stand By You\", a cover of The Pretenders hit. Her version of the song debuted at No. 6 on \"Billboard\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Hot 100 Songs. In 2007, \"Forbes\" reported that Underwood earned over $7 million between June 2006 and June 2007. Also in 2007, Victoria's Secret named Underwood the Sexiest Female Musician. Underwood's second album, \"Carnival Ride\",","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661725","text":"February 22, 2013, \"Billboard\" ranked Underwood as the 16th money maker for the period from February 2012 to February 2013. She earned close to $12 million, being \"American Idol\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Top Earner and second for female country artists. In June 2013, \"Forbes\" placed Underwood at No. 46 on The Celebrity 100 list, reporting that she earned more than $31 million between June 2012 and June 2013, being the top-earning \"American Idol\". On January 21, 2013, \"Can't Stop Lovin' You\", a song by rock band Aerosmith with featured vocals by Underwood, was released as a single. On May 25, Underwood joined The","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"16664409","text":"The weatherman called for a twister / She prayed blow it down.\" Kear commented that it was not the duo's intent or goal to make it a dark, revenge-themed song. As they wrote the pre-chorus line \"not enough rain in Oklahoma\", both knew that it was a Carrie Underwood song, as the singer is from that state. \"We knew if we stuck with that lyric [\"Oklahoma\"—which is Carrie's home state] it was Carrie's song or maybe no one would ever record it,\" Kear commented. After the theme of the song had been established, the songwriters wanted to \"dig up as","title":"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"16321145","text":"of 126 beats per minute. It does not use full chords, but rather a pattern of open fifths consisting of C5-F5-E5-B5. Underwood's vocal ranges from G3 to F5. Upon its release, \"Good Girl\" received general acclaim. Roughstock gave the song four stars and praised that \"this is the best uptempo vocal that Carrie Underwood has given country radio.\". Bill Lamb of About.com gave the song four out of five stars, noting that the song \"crackles with rock guitar and vocal fireworks while encouraging audience participation with a singalong chorus that is pure pop.\" Bill Dukes of Taste of Country rated","title":"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"13764069","text":"recording of \"Home Sweet Home\", a recording in which has never been featured on an album before. Underwood participated in numerous televised events, media coverage, talk shows, and other miscellaneous appearances to promote the album. This was Underwood's first time headlining an international tour. \"Play On\" received mixed reviews. The album had a score of 54 out of 100 from Metacritic based on \"mixed or average reviews\" from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave the album 2.5 out of 5 stars. He argues that \"Carrie is still nominally a country artist and sometimes will sing supported by fiddles","title":"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"13764061","text":"video for the song was released in October 2009. It has sold 2,300,000 copies in the United States and has been certified 2x platinum. \"Temporary Home\", the second single, was released to country radio starting the week of December 14, 2009. The song has received multiple forms of promotion, including performances on the Late Show with David Letterman, the television special \"A Home For the Holidays\", Underwood's personal CMT Invitation Only performance, Underwood's Christmas variety show entitled \"Carrie Underwood: An All-Star Holiday Special\", at the 45th ACM Awards, and on her tour. The song has hit at number one on","title":"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"13764057","text":"16, 2009, Underwood made a promotional stop in Singapore to promote her upcoming album to the Asian media. The album was released on November 2 in Singapore and various parts of Asia, followed by a November 3 release in the United States. Underwood performed on \"The Late Show with David Letterman\" on November 2, and performed a special outdoor concert at Lincoln Center on \"Good Morning America\" on album release day, and rounded out her week with a visit to \"Live with Regis and Kelly\" on November 5. Underwood also performed another outdoor concert for \"Good Morning America\" at the","title":"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)"},{"psg_id":"4661749","text":"to belt at such high intensity during her 90–120 minute live shows, Underwood responded, \"I'm too proud to drop keys. I won't do it. Maybe the older I get, I'll write some songs in lower keys so it'll be easier. I've always been pretty good as far as stamina onstage. Being able to work out and stay physically strong is important... So far, it's worked for me. I'm just blessed at being able to be loud for long periods of time.\" Fellow country music singer Randy Travis paid high praises to Underwood's voice when asked about her cover of his","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661785","text":"Anthem for Super Bowl XLIV. Underwood performed the opening theme song for \"NBC Sunday Night Football.\" Hill later expressed full support for Underwood, congratulating her via Twitter and stating that it was \"an awesome choice\" by NBC/SNF and that Underwood \"will rock it\". Underwood's original song was a modification of her song \"Oh, Sunday Night\", but was changed to an original song, \"Game On\", for the 2018 NFL season. She sang the National Anthem for the Nashville Predators prior to their victory over the Chicago Blackhawks in Game 3 of the first round of the 2017 Stanley Cup Playoffs and","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661778","text":"disappointed in the negativity that was created by the radio station. Underwood was selected by \"The Hockey News\" on its annual list of the 100 People of Power and Influence in Ice Hockey. For the 2012 list, Underwood ranked at No. 85. According to \"Forbes\", Underwood earned $7 million between 2006 and 2007, $9 million between 2007 and 2008, $14 million between 2008 and 2009, $13 million between 2009 and 2010, $20 million between 2010 and 2011, $5 million between 2011 and 2012, $31 million between 2012 and 2013, $10 million between 2013 and 2014, $8 million between 2014 and","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661775","text":"a very special and unique production, is exciting beyond words,\" said Ted Chapin, President of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. \"Part of the magic of Rodgers and Hammerstein is how their work has adapted itself to so many different incarnations, and I am certain the fresh spirit Underwood brings to her own songs will transition into exciting versions of the classic songs we all know and love.\" Underwood began dating NHL player Mike Fisher after they met at one of her concerts in late 2008, and she became engaged to him in December 2009. On July 10, 2010, Underwood and","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661771","text":"the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. In February 2011, Underwood donated $140,125 to Save the Children. This charitable initiative was inspired by the \"36 cents\" written in the lyrics of Underwood's album track \"Change\" on her album \"Play On\", which addresses how even the smallest bit of spare change that one might have can add up to make a difference and help \"change\" the world. Underwood is a supporter of the United Service Organization, Clothes off our back, and Habitat For Humanity. To benefit cancer research, in August 2008, Underwood joined Beyoncé, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, Miley Cyrus, and","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661770","text":"other and get on with each other. It's not up to me to judge anybody.\" Underwood launched the Academy of Country Music Lifting Lives Temporary Home Fund in 2010. The Fund specifically benefits victims of the Tennessee floods of early 2010 and it was kicked off with grants that Underwood received from ACM as Entertainer of the Year. She also teamed up with Brooks and Dunn to support the new Fund by recording a Public Service Announcement (PSA). Underwood is involved with several organizations that benefit children. In January 2010, she partnered with Country Cares for St. Jude Kids visiting","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661762","text":"the longest streak of top ten singles by a country artist from the start of a career. The Recording Industry Association of America recognizes Underwood as the Top Country Artist of all time and the fifth highest-certified female artist on its Top Artists (Digital Songs) raking, with 30 million certified units. Underwood is also the highest certified Country album artist to debut in the 21st century. Since May 2011, Underwood is the Biggest \"American Idol\" Earner, with, at the time of the press release, over $66 million in tour revenues, besides her records sales. She is the fourth biggest album","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661741","text":"record for most wins in the show's history. Underwood scored two nominations for the 2017 Teen Choice awards, including Choice Country Artist, which she won for a third consecutive year. She received one nomination from the 45th annual American Music Awards in the Favorite Female Artist - Country category, which she won for the fourth year in a row, bringing her total to twelve American Music awards. In January 2017, Underwood took time off at the beginning of the year to spend time with family, and would then, possibly, begin to write for her next album. In March 2017, Underwood","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661737","text":"Awards, taking home two honors for \"Smoke Break\", expanding her CMT Music Award total to 15—the most among all acts. She was named Female Vocalist of the Year by the American Country Countdown Awards in 2016, and also received the CMA Chairman's Award. In July, she picked up her fifth Teen Choice Award, for Choice Country Artist. Underwood also received two nominations from the Billboard Music Awards, including Top Country Artist. In September 2016, Underwood was the first artist to receive the ACM Lifting Lives Gary Haber Award, for her continuous work with charities. On October 20, 2016, Underwood was","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661736","text":"two number one hits on the Country Airplay chart in 2016. A fourth single, \"Dirty Laundry\", was released from the album in August 2016.\"Billboard\" ranked Underwood as the top female country artist for the year, and fifth overall. Underwood launched the , her fifth headlining tour, in January 2016, with a second half picking up in August. The tour has since played to over 1 million fans, completing 92 shows across 7 countries while being named by \"Billboard\" the top country tour for the first half of the year. In June 2016, Underwood received three nominations from the CMT Music","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661721","text":"and performed \"Two Black Cadillacs\". In early 2013, Underwood won the prize for Top Selling International Album of the Year at the 41st Country Music Awards of Australia, held by the Country Music Association of Australia. Also in February 2013, Underwood won her sixth Grammy Award, for Best Country Solo Performance, for \"Blown Away\". She performed a medley of \"Blown Away\" and \"Two Black Cadillacs\" at the awards show. On February 13, Underwood received two nominations for the Academy of Country Music Awards. She won International Album of the Year at the 2013 British Country Music Awards. At the 2013","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661716","text":"reported that Underwood earned over $20 million between May 2010 and May 2011, being the top-earning \"American Idol\" alumnus for the fourth consecutive year. On February 4, 2012, Underwood joined Steven Tyler to record CMT's \"Crossroads\" at the Pepsi Coliseum during the Pepsi Super Bowl Fan Jam of Super Bowl XLVI. It was the highest-rated episode in seven years. On February 12, 2012, Underwood and Tony Bennett performed their duet \"It Had to Be You\" at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. They also sang the song on the season two premiere of Blue Bloods in September 2011. \"Blown Away\", Underwood's","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661715","text":"took place on September 23 and 24, 2011. On September 19, Underwood performed \"You Really Got a Hold on Me\" in order to honor Smokey Robinson, as he was presented with the Ella Award at the Society of Singers annual dinner. Robinson returned the favor to Underwood by singing \"My Girl\" to her. At the same event, they sang together with Stevie Wonder, Natalie Cole and other artists a medley of multiple songs. In 2010, Underwood was reported by \"Forbes\" to have earned over $13 million from May 2009 to May 2010, being the top-earning \"Idol\". In July 2011, Forbes","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661710","text":"Home\". Underwood was honored by the CMT Artists of the Year special as one of the 5 top Artists of the year in 2010 in country music. The event aired on CMT on December 3, 2010. At the 2011 Academy of Country Music Awards, Underwood sang with Steven Tyler both her song \"Undo It\" and Aerosmith's \"Walk This Way\". In May 2011, Underwood was one of the seven women to be honored by the Academy of Country Music at the \"Girls' Night Out: Superstar Women of Country\" special. She was recognized for being the first and only female artist in","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661708","text":"for six Academy of Country Music Awards. At the show, Underwood was named Entertainer of the Year, making her the first woman in history to win this award twice. Host Reba McEntire presented Underwood with the \"ACM Triple Crown Award\" signifying her winning Top New Artist, Top Female Vocalist, and Entertainer of the Year during her career. She was only the second Female to win the coveted \"Triple Crown Award\", the first being Barbara Mandrell. At the CMT Music Awards, Underwood walked away with Video of the Year for \"Cowboy Casanova\" and also won CMT Performance of the Year for","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661701","text":"at the 2007 \"Movies Rock: A Celebration Of Music In Film\". On October 22, 2008, Underwood unveiled her wax figure at Madame Tussauds New York. In 2008, it was reported by \"Forbes\" that Underwood earned over $9 million between June 2007 and June 2008, being No. 79 on the Top Celebrity 100 list. In 2009, \"Forbes\" reported that Underwood was the top earning \"American Idol\" alumnus from June 2008 to May 17, 2009. She earned more than twice as much as the second-place finisher, with estimated earnings of $14 million during this time period. She appeared on the holiday CD","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661698","text":"Year award to George Strait. At the 2008 American Music Awards, Carnival Ride won the Favorite Country Album award, thus making that her 2nd consecutive win in such category. In 2008, Underwood won her first international award, which was \"Female Vocalist of the Year\" at the European Country Music Association Awards. For the 44th Academy of Country Music Awards, in 2009, Underwood was nominated for four major awards. Underwood won for Female Vocalist of the Year and Entertainer of the Year, thus making her the first woman to win the award in ten years and the 7th female to take","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661679","text":"episode, Underwood sang a rendition of the number-one 1980s rock hit \"Alone\", made famous by Heart, and Cowell predicted that Underwood would not only win the competition, but she would also outsell all previous \"Idol\" winners. One of the show's producers later said she dominated the voting, winning every week handily. She gained a fan base known as \"Carrie's Care Bears\" during the course of the show. During the final, she sang with Rascal Flatts on \"Bless the Broken Road.\" On May 25, 2005, Underwood became the season four winner. Her winnings included a recording contract worth at least a","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661711","text":"the Academy's history to ever win Entertainer of the Year twice. At the ceremony, Vince Gill introduced Underwood and presented her with the special award. He sang one of her hits, \"Jesus, Take The Wheel\", and joined Underwood on a rendition performance of \"How Great Thou Art\". The video of the performance turned into a viral sensation, reaching 3 million views on YouTube within two days. In December 2009, \"Some Hearts\" was named the number-one Country Album of the 2000 Decade by \"Billboard\" and Underwood was the top-ranked female artist on \"Billboard\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Best Country Artists of the 2000 Decade list.","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661695","text":"album's next single, was released on July 2008 and later peaked at No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart, staying there for two consecutive weeks. With that, Underwood became the first solo female artist to pull four number one's from one album since Twain did it with \"The Woman in Me\". The album's fifth single, \"I Told You So\", a duet with the original singer of the song, Randy Travis, was released in February 2009. It peaked at No. 2 on the Country charts and No. 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. All singles from \"Carnival Ride\" were certified","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"12110797","text":"countdown for the Top 40 best country music singles of 2008. \"Billboard\" gave it a positive review as well: \"The fourth single from Carrie Underwood's double-platinum \"Carnival Ride\" finds the singer charting new territory. Previous singles have stuck to a similar lyrical theme, contrasting between Underwood's girl-next-door image with inspirational or family-centered songs… 'Just a Dream' delivers the heartbreaking, storytelling side of Nashville with the kind of song usually reserved for vets like one of her idols Reba McEntire or Martina McBride. Underwood convincingly sells the story of a young widow of a soldier killed in combat, using shades of","title":"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"10296446","text":"Top Country Albums chart, earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24, 2016.<ref name=riaaAlbums/ Underwood released her sixth studio album, \"Cry Pretty,\" on September 14, 2018. The album debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, making Underwood the first woman to have four number one country albums on that chart. It sold 266,000 album-equivalent units in its first week, out of which 251,000 copies were pure sales, giving Underwood the largest sales week for a female artist","title":"Carrie Underwood discography"},{"psg_id":"16664406","text":"for Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance. The accompanying music video was directed by Randee St. Nicholas. Underwood said that when she heard first the song, she already had ideas of a possible video for it. She wanted it to be a dark \"Wizard of Oz\" in 2012. It earned her an award for Video of the Year at the 2013 CMT Music Awards. The video was nominated for Music Video of the Year at the 2013 Country Music Association Awards. Underwood has performed \"Blown Away\" in a number of live appearances, including at the 2012 Billboard Music","title":"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)"},{"psg_id":"4661706","text":"and hit No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart, giving Underwood her tenth number-one single on the Hot Country Songs. The 4th single from \"Play On\", \"Mama's Song\", was released to country radio in September, peaked at two on the Hot Country Songs and was certified Gold by the RIAA. The album is certified Triple Platinum. Underwood's Play On Tour started its first leg on March 11, 2010, in Reading, Pennsylvania. The second leg of the tour started on September 25, 2010, in Portland, Oregon, and ended January 1, 2011, in Detroit. Underwood sold out the prestigious Hollywood Bowl","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661703","text":"For Christmas\", for his 2008 album \"Christmas Duets\". Elvis's ex-wife, Priscilla Presley, herself asked Underwood to do the duet: \"Priscilla wanted me to do 'I'll Be Home For Christmas'\", she says. \"I couldn't say 'no'.\" In March 2009, she tracked a cover of Mötley Crüe's ballad \"Home Sweet Home\" for the \"American Idol\" season eight farewell theme. Underwood released her third studio album, \"Play On\", on November 3, 2009. The album debuted atop both the \"Billboard\" 200 and Top Country Albums, selling over 318,000 copies in its first week, and became, upon its release, the top-selling release of the year","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661702","text":"\"Hear Something Country Christmas 2007\" with a rendition of \"Do You Hear What I Hear?\". The song reached No. 2 on the AC Chart and remained there for three consecutive weeks. She recorded the song \"Ever Ever After\" for the soundtrack of the 2007 Walt Disney film \"Enchanted\". Underwood co-wrote a song for \"Idol\" alum Kristy Lee Cook's major-label debut album \"Why Wait\". At the 2008 Idol Gives Back, she sang George Michael's classic \"Praying For Time\" and later recorded it. In November 2008, Underwood recorded a virtual and posthumous duet with Elvis Presley, on his classic \"I'll Be Home","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661700","text":"Vocal Performance, for \"Just A Dream\". At the ceremony, she performed with Celine Dion, Usher, Smokey Robinson, and Jennifer Hudson during the 3-D Michael Jackson tribute. Grammy Awards producer Ken Ehrlich stated that Michael Jackson greatly admired Underwood, which is why she was hand-picked to perform during his tribute. On May 13, 2008, Underwood was invited by Randy Travis to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry. Later that month she was officially inducted by Garth Brooks into the Grand Ole Opry. A few months earlier, she sang Julie Andrews's classic, the title song from \"The Sound of Music\",","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661699","text":"it in the award show's four-decade run. Underwood was nominated for Video of the Year at the 2009 CMT Awards for \"Just A Dream\". In 2009, at the 51st Grammy Awards, she won, for the third year in a row, the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance, for \"Last Name\", and performed the song at the ceremony. At the 52nd Grammy Awards in 2010, Underwood won her fifth Grammy Award: She won the Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals for \"I Told You So\" with Randy Travis and was also nominated again for Best Female Country","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661696","text":"Platinum by the RIAA, for selling more than one million copies each. In January 2008, Underwood embarked on a joint tour with Keith Urban named the \"Love, Pain and the Whole Crazy Carnival Ride Tour\", with dates fixed nationwide that continued through April. She then started her headlined tour, the Carnival Ride Tour, in February 2008, with dates across all North America, and ended it on December 14, 2008, playing to 1.2 million fans throughout the tour and being named the top-selling country female touring artist of 2008. At the end of 2007, Underwood topped five \"Billboard\" Year-End charts, including","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661691","text":"was nominated for two more Grammys: Best Female Country Vocal Performance, for \"Before He Cheats\" and Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, for \"Oh, Love\" a duet with Brad Paisley. She won one Grammy Award that night, for Best Female Country Vocal Performance, and performed the song at the ceremony. In December 2005, Underwood was named Oklahoman of the Year by \"Oklahoma Today\". In December 2006, Underwood joined Tony Bennett, Michael Bublé, and Josh Groban to sing \"For Once in My Life\" on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\". That same month, she paid tribute to Dolly Parton, by singing \"Islands in the","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661690","text":"Awards: Best New Artist and Best Female Country Vocal Performance for \"Jesus, Take the Wheel. By winning the Best New Artist Grammy Award, Underwood became only the second country artist to ever win the award in the 56-year history of the Grammy Awards, following LeAnn Rimes (1997). She sang the Eagles song \"Life in the Fast Lane\" alongside Grammy nominees Rascal Flatts. She also sang the Eagles' \"Desperado\" to honour Don Henley of The Eagles. She also paid tribute to Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys by performing \"New San Antonio Rose\". At the 50th Grammy Awards, in 2008, Underwood","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661689","text":"the Year. She was nominated for \"World's Best Selling New Artist\" at the 2006 World Music Awards. At the 2007 CMT Awards in Nashville, Tennessee, on April 16, Underwood's \"Before He Cheats\" won three awards, including Video of the Year, Female Video of the Year, and Video Director of the Year. Underwood won two awards at the 2007 CMA Awards: Female Vocalist of the Year, for the second consecutive time, and Single Record of the Year, for \"Before He Cheats\". In 2007, at the 49th Grammy Awards, \"Some Hearts\" received four Grammy nominations and Underwood won her first two Grammy","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661688","text":"the Year Award at the American Music Awards, and was also nominated for Favorite Female Country Artist. She won five awards at the 2006 \"Billboard\" Music Awards, including the coveted Album of the Year, Top 200 Female Artist of the Year, Female Country Artist, New Country Artist, and Country Album of the Year. That year, Underwood also won a Gospel Music Association (GMA) Dove Award for Country Recorded Song of the Year, for \"Jesus, Take The Wheel\". At the Academy of Country Music Awards in 2007, Underwood won Album of the Year, Video of the Year, and Female Vocalist of","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661686","text":"No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart, sold more than one million copies and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. In August 2008, the \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" ringtone was reported to have been certified Platinum, making Underwood the first country artist ever to have two songs hit Platinum Mastertone status together with \"Before He Cheats\", which had been certified earlier in 2007. Underwood started her first headlined tour, , with dates across North America. At the 2005 \"Billboard\" Music Awards, her hit song \"Inside Your Heaven\" won the coveted Top-Selling Hot 100 Song of the Year award and","title":"Carrie Underwood"},{"psg_id":"4661671","text":"in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 15 years. Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist. Her second album, \"Carnival Ride\", followed in 2007. It had one of the biggest ever opening weeks by a female artist and earned Underwood two Grammy Awards. Her next album, 2009's Play On, was a commercial success led by the single \"Cowboy Casanova\". Underwood's fourth album, \"Blown Away\" (2012), earned her a Grammy Award and was that year's second best-selling release by a female artist. Her first (2014) was a chart and sales success","title":"Carrie Underwood"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19047241\",\n \"text\": \"Theater in New York City. She has since performed the song live numerous times for the . Underwood performed the song live on \\\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\\\" on September 16. Her next televised performance came at the 50th annual CMA Awards, where she performed \\\"Dirty Laundry\\\" with an all-female band that included Orianthi. Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Dirty Laundry\\\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, \\\"Storyteller\\\" (2015). The song was written by Zach Crowell, Ashley Gorley, and Hillary Lindsey, with production from Jay Joyce, and was released as the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661774\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Carrie Underworm\\\" a worm who sings a song about worm pride before an auto race Sesame Street is holding. Underwood made her film debut in \\\"Soul Surfer\\\" in April 2011. She played Sarah Hill, the church youth leader who helped Bethany Hamilton overcome the obstacles she faced after the shark attack. Underwood played Maria von Trapp in NBC's \\\"The Sound of Music Live!\\\". The three-hour telecast aired on December 5, 2013, partnering NBC with the producing team of Craig Zadan and Neil Meron. \\\"To have a star like Carrie Underwood perform Maria in \\\"The Sound of Music\\\", and in such\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16321151\",\n \"text\": \"her 2014 EP, \\\"Fearless\\\". Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Good Girl\\\" is a song by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. The song was written by Chris DeStefano, Ashley Gorley, and Underwood. It was released by Arista Nashville as the lead single from Underwood's fourth studio album, \\\"Blown Away\\\" (2012). Underwood debuted the song in a live performance during the annual Country Radio Seminar (CRS) event in Nashville on February 23, 2012. The song was sent to country radio stations directly following the performance. It was made available for purchase as a digital download on February 23, 2012. \\\"Good\",\n \"title\": \"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16321143\",\n \"text\": \"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Good Girl\\\" is a song by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. The song was written by Chris DeStefano, Ashley Gorley, and Underwood. It was released by Arista Nashville as the lead single from Underwood's fourth studio album, \\\"Blown Away\\\" (2012). Underwood debuted the song in a live performance during the annual Country Radio Seminar (CRS) event in Nashville on February 23, 2012. The song was sent to country radio stations directly following the performance. It was made available for purchase as a digital download on February 23, 2012. \\\"Good Girl\\\" officially impacted country\",\n \"title\": \"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19111740\",\n \"text\": \"was directed by Randee St. Nicholas. The video shows Underwood in a sparkly gold flowing dress, walking barefoot through a lush forest, humming the melody of the song. She is seen wandering through the forest and singing the ballad. Underwood performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards on November 22, 2015. She also performed the song on the twelfth season of \\\"The X Factor\\\" on November 29, 2015. Underwood performed the song along with Sam Hunt at the 58th Grammy Awards on February 15, 2016. The pair also performed Hunt's song \\\"Take Your Time\\\". Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood\",\n \"title\": \"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661786\",\n \"text\": \"prior to their victory over the Winnipeg Jets in Game 2 of the second round of the 2018 Stanley Cup Playoffs. Headlining Co-headlining Carrie Underwood Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \\\"American Idol\\\", in 2005. Her debut single, \\\"Inside Your Heaven\\\", was the first country music single in history to debut at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. Her debut album, \\\"Some Hearts\\\", was released in 2005. Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \\\"Jesus, Take\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661670\",\n \"text\": \"Carrie Underwood Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \\\"American Idol\\\", in 2005. Her debut single, \\\"Inside Your Heaven\\\", was the first country music single in history to debut at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. Her debut album, \\\"Some Hearts\\\", was released in 2005. Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \\\"Jesus, Take the Wheel\\\" and \\\"Before He Cheats\\\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10296448\",\n \"text\": \"of top ten singles on the Hot Country Songs chart at 26. Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released six studio albums and 31 singles. Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of \\\"American Idol\\\" in 2005. Her debut album, \\\"Some Hearts\\\", was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history. It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) history, as well as the top-selling debut album of any \\\"American Idol\\\" contestant in the United States. Her second album, \\\"Carnival\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10296441\",\n \"text\": \"Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released six studio albums and 31 singles. Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of \\\"American Idol\\\" in 2005. Her debut album, \\\"Some Hearts\\\", was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history. It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) history, as well as the top-selling debut album of any \\\"American Idol\\\" contestant in the United States. Her second album, \\\"Carnival Ride\\\", was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18980006\",\n \"text\": \"Laundry\\\" at number 47 (3,000 copies), \\\"Relapse\\\" at number 48 (4,000 copies) and \\\"Church Bells\\\" at number 49 (2,300 copies). Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album) Storyteller is the fifth studio album recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released on October 23, 2015, by Sony Music Nashville. Following the release and success of her fourth studio album, \\\"Blown Away\\\" (2012), Underwood began working on \\\"Storyteller\\\" in early 2014. However, she tentatively suspended most work on the album because of her pregnancy with her first child. In the midterm, Underwood released her first greatest hits record, \\\"\\\", on December\",\n \"title\": \"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18979989\",\n \"text\": \"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album) Storyteller is the fifth studio album recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released on October 23, 2015, by Sony Music Nashville. Following the release and success of her fourth studio album, \\\"Blown Away\\\" (2012), Underwood began working on \\\"Storyteller\\\" in early 2014. However, she tentatively suspended most work on the album because of her pregnancy with her first child. In the midterm, Underwood released her first greatest hits record, \\\"\\\", on December 9, 2014, to much success. After the birth of her son, she took some additional time off before going back\",\n \"title\": \"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661743\",\n \"text\": \"Route 91 Harvest Music Festival shooting, and the performance received widespread acclaim. Underwood released her second concert experience, \\\"The Storyteller Tour: Live from Madison Square Garden,\\\" on November 17. A few days after the CMA Awards in November 2017, Underwood sustained injuries in a fall at home that resulted in a broken wrist and several facial stitches. Underwood did not make any public appearances for several months following the incident. In January 2018, Underwood released \\\"The Champion\\\", a promotional duet single featuring Ludacris for Super Bowl LII. \\\"The Champion\\\" is Underwood's first under the pop genre. The song debuted at\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661782\",\n \"text\": \"abuse and then fail to turn in the evidence to authorities within 48 hours. This is to stop animal rights activists from accumulating enough documentation to prove that animal cruelty is routine in big agribusiness. Underwood tweeted, \\\"Shame on TN lawmakers for passing the Ag Gag bill. If Gov. Bill Haslam signs this, he needs to expect me at his front door. Who's with me?\\\" State Rep. Andy Holt responded to her tweet, saying, \\\"I would say that Carrie Underwood will stick to singing, I'll stick to lawmaking.\\\" Underwood later responded via Twitter, \\\"I should stick to singing? Wow…sorry, I'm\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661753\",\n \"text\": \"in 2005, Underwood has been praised by both veteran artists and music critics. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" describes Underwood as \\\"the female vocalist of her generation of any genre\\\", while \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine refers to her as Country Music's reigning Queen. Grady Smith of \\\"The Guardian\\\" has praised her, saying \\\"Carrie Underwood has emerged as the leader of country music\\\". \\\"Time\\\" listed her in their 100 most influential people in the world in 2014, in which Brad Paisley wrote \\\"not only has she earned her place, she's also raised the bar: she's a prolific songwriter, a trendsetter and an Opry member\\\", and further\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661712\",\n \"text\": \"Overall, she was ranked No. 50 on the Artists of the Decade list by \\\"Billboard\\\". Also in late 2009, Underwood had her very own \\\"CMT Invitation Only\\\" and also hosted a Christmas special, \\\"Carrie Underwood: An All-Star Holiday Special\\\", a two-hour variety show on Fox that featured Dolly Parton (with whom she sang a rendition duet of \\\"I Will Always Love You\\\") season seven \\\"American Idol\\\" champion David Cook, Kristin Chenoweth, Brad Paisley and others. In May 2010, Underwood was selected on People Magazine's 100 Most Beautiful People List for 2010. This was the 4th year in a row that\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661709\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Temporary Home\\\" from CMT: Invitation Only presents Carrie Underwood. Underwood won two international awards at the 8th French Country Music Awards, which were Best Female Vocalist and Video of the Year, for \\\"Cowboy Casanova\\\". At the 2010 American Music Awards, she won \\\"Favorite Country Album\\\", for \\\"Play On\\\", making her the only artist in the American Music Award history to have all albums awarded in such a category. She co-hosted the 2010 CMA Awards with Brad Paisley for the third year in a row. At the 2011 Grammy Awards, Underwood was nominated for 'Best Female Country Vocal Performance' for \\\"Temporary\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9208271\",\n \"text\": \"Wasted (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Wasted\\\" is a song written by Marv Green, Troy Verges and Hillary Lindsey, and recorded by American country music artist Carrie Underwood. It was released in February 2007 as the sixth and final single from her multi-platinum debut album, \\\"Some Hearts\\\". The single began receiving country radio airplay as an album track, causing it to place on the US Country chart weeks before its official release as a single. In January 2007, Underwood filmed the video for the song in Tampa, Florida. This was her fourth music video, and it was released during the beginning of\",\n \"title\": \"Wasted (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19111730\",\n \"text\": \"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Heartbeat\\\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, \\\"Storyteller\\\". It was written by Underwood, Ashley Gorley, and the song's producer, Zach Crowell. Country singer Sam Hunt sings backing vocals on the track. The song was released to the radio by Arista Nashville on November 30, 2015 as the album's second single, after \\\"Smoke Break\\\". Musically, \\\"Heartbeat\\\" is a country pop and a R&B song with lyrics that relate to the feeling of intimacy experienced by being alone with one's lover. It appears to be inspired by Underwood's\",\n \"title\": \"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17201168\",\n \"text\": \"See You Again (Carrie Underwood song) See You Again is a power ballad song released by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. It was written by Underwood, Hillary Lindsey, and David Hodges. It was released as the fourth and final single from Underwood's fourth studio album, \\\"Blown Away\\\", on April 15, 2013. Underwood announced the single on her official Twitter account. Underwood debuted the song on the twelfth season of \\\"American Idol\\\" on April 4, 2013. \\\"See You Again\\\" is Underwood's eighteenth consecutive Top 10 single on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart and is also her seventeenth single\",\n \"title\": \"See You Again (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661751\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Paradise City\\\", with \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" critics saying it was a \\\"standout performance\\\", adding that \\\"when the song reached its crescendo, the singer went right over the edge with it, twirling like a tornado and tossing in more than a few banshee wails\\\" and even saying \\\"if the original members of Guns N' Roses ever wanted to reunite without Axl Rose, they might be wise to ask Carrie Underwood to fill his bandana\\\". Underwood has credited \\\"music as a whole\\\" as her major influence, since she \\\"grew up listening to \\\"music\\\"\\\" and \\\"there were songs, different kind of songs coming at\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661723\",\n \"text\": \"shows in Australia, including a sold-out date at the Sydney Opera House, on July 2. The first leg of the \\\"Blown Away Tour\\\" made Underwood the best-selling female country touring artist of 2012, grossing over $29.2 million and bringing her career tour revenues to over $95 million. The tour had its own exhibition at the Country Music Hall of Fame, called \\\"Carrie Underwood: The Blown Away Tour Exhibition\\\", which ran from June 5 through November 10, 2013. The second leg of the tour started in February 2013, with shows in Ireland, an additional show in England, as part of the\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661719\",\n \"text\": \"The album was the 7th best-selling album of 2012, the second best-selling country album of the year and the second best-selling release by a female artist in 2012. It has been certified Double Platinum by the RIAA and sold over 1.7 million copies in the United States alone. Underwood had her very own VH1 Unplugged (called \\\"VH1 Presents: Carrie Underwood Unplugged\\\") and VH1 Behind The Music episodes. \\\"Two Black Cadillacs\\\", the third single from the album, was released on November 26. It became Underwood's 17th top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs, extending her own record, later peaking\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9208274\",\n \"text\": \"fifth overall number one single. It spent three weeks at number one on the country charts. It debuted at number 57 on the country charts before its official release. The song also received a significant amount of digital downloads on the iTunes music store after her performance of the song on \\\"American Idol\\\". The song sold 705,000 as of October 2011. On August 10, 2015 \\\"Wasted\\\" was officially certified Platinum. Wasted (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Wasted\\\" is a song written by Marv Green, Troy Verges and Hillary Lindsey, and recorded by American country music artist Carrie Underwood. It was released in\",\n \"title\": \"Wasted (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17201173\",\n \"text\": \"was officially certified as Platinum. On June 7, 2013, \\\"Good Morning America\\\" gave a first look for the music video for \\\"See You Again\\\". The full video premiered soon after on ABCNews.com. The music video was directed by Eric Welch. It showed the aftermaths of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the September 11 attacks and the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado, along with various reunions. See You Again (Carrie Underwood song) See You Again is a power ballad song released by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. It was written by Underwood, Hillary Lindsey, and David Hodges. It was\",\n \"title\": \"See You Again (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19047234\",\n \"text\": \"Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Dirty Laundry\\\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, \\\"Storyteller\\\" (2015). The song was written by Zach Crowell, Ashley Gorley, and Hillary Lindsey, with production from Jay Joyce, and was released as the fourth single from the album in the United States and Canada. The single was shipped to country radio on August 22 and made its official impact on September 5. \\\"Dirty Laundry\\\" is a song about infidelity. About the song, co-writer Ashley Gorley said, \\\"Zach's tracks have a theme of being a little wild\",\n \"title\": \"Dirty Laundry (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16664426\",\n \"text\": \"Annual Grammy Awards. \\\"Blown Away\\\" was performed as the encore of Underwood's Blown Away Tour (2012–13), along with \\\"I Know You Won't\\\". Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Blown Away\\\" is a song by American recording artist Carrie Underwood, taken from her fourth studio album of the same name (2012). The song served as the album's second single on July 9, 2012 through Arista Nashville. Written by Chris Tompkins and Josh Kear, who previously wrote Underwood's single \\\"Before He Cheats\\\" (2007), \\\"Blown Away\\\" is a country pop song with lyrics addressing the story of a daughter locking herself in a storm\",\n \"title\": \"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16664404\",\n \"text\": \"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Blown Away\\\" is a song by American recording artist Carrie Underwood, taken from her fourth studio album of the same name (2012). The song served as the album's second single on July 9, 2012 through Arista Nashville. Written by Chris Tompkins and Josh Kear, who previously wrote Underwood's single \\\"Before He Cheats\\\" (2007), \\\"Blown Away\\\" is a country pop song with lyrics addressing the story of a daughter locking herself in a storm cellar while her alcoholic father is passed out on the couch in the path of a tornado. Producer Mark Bright drew inspiration\",\n \"title\": \"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13764077\",\n \"text\": \"number 176 for \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 Albums. <br> <br> <br> <br> Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released in the United States on November 3, 2009, through Arista Nashville. The album debuted at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies, which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release. It is her second album to debut at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, and her third to debut atop the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country\",\n \"title\": \"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13764054\",\n \"text\": \"Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood. It was released in the United States on November 3, 2009, through Arista Nashville. The album debuted at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies, which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release. It is her second album to debut at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, and her third to debut atop the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart. As of October 2016, the album has been\",\n \"title\": \"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661730\",\n \"text\": \"Country Music awarded Underwood the Gene Weed Special Achievement Award, for her widespread exposure through NFL Sunday Night Football, the live NBC broadcast of \\\"The Sound of Music Live!\\\", her worldwide Blown Away Tour and her charity work with the American Red Cross and her C.A.T.S. Foundation. At the 2014 Billboard Music Awards, Underwood won the Milestone Award, for which she had been nominated due to her chart success, especially her record of having the best starting run ever by a woman on the Country Airplay chart (18 top ten hits on the chart). \\\"Time\\\" listed Underwood as one of\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18300526\",\n \"text\": \"is also performed as the encore of her \\\"\\\". Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Something in the Water\\\" is a song by American country music artist Carrie Underwood, from her first greatest hits album, \\\"\\\". The song was released on September 29, 2014, as the album's lead single through Arista Nashville. It was written by Underwood, Chris DeStefano, Brett James, and produced by Mark Bright. A crossover success, \\\"Something in the Water\\\" reached No. 1 on both the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs and Hot Christian Songs charts. It is Underwood's 14th career leader on Hot Country Songs and\",\n \"title\": \"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18300516\",\n \"text\": \"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Something in the Water\\\" is a song by American country music artist Carrie Underwood, from her first greatest hits album, \\\"\\\". The song was released on September 29, 2014, as the album's lead single through Arista Nashville. It was written by Underwood, Chris DeStefano, Brett James, and produced by Mark Bright. A crossover success, \\\"Something in the Water\\\" reached No. 1 on both the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs and Hot Christian Songs charts. It is Underwood's 14th career leader on Hot Country Songs and her second in 2014. It topped the former chart\",\n \"title\": \"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12110799\",\n \"text\": \"Go Away\\\", and trying not to talk about the inevitability of him leaving for war. As she imagines what it would be like to walk down the aisle and marry him, Underwood’s smile and white dress transform into a black mourning dress and tears as she walks down the aisle to her husband's coffin; submerged with scenes of Underwood receiving news of his death. It ends with a still shot of Carrie at the casket with flag in hand panning out to reveal a sunny, breezy landscape. Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Just a Dream\\\" is a country song,\",\n \"title\": \"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15654629\",\n \"text\": \"Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Remind Me\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released in May 2011 as the third single from Paisley's 2011 album \\\"This Is Country Music\\\". The music video for the song premiered on CMT on July 26, 2011. The song was also named Taste of Country's Song of The Year for 2011. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Chris DuBois. In an interview at the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Music Summit in June 2011, Underwood described the recording\",\n \"title\": \"Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661777\",\n \"text\": \"day before. Due to Underwood's fans' threats on Facebook to never tune into the radio station, the station later modified its statement. It apologized for its actions, saying that its statements were meant to be taken as a joke, as it does not play Underwood's country songs anyway, and it was its tongue-in-cheek way of wishing Fisher the best of luck in Nashville. Fisher later criticized the station saying \\\"obviously Carrie had nothing to do with the move or the trade or anything so to imply something like that was just wrong\\\", and noting that both he and Underwood were\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661754\",\n \"text\": \"considers her to be \\\"the best singer in any format of music.\\\" Vince Gill has also stated: \\\"The possibility of Carrie's longevity is through the roof. There are fine singers, and there are gifted, great singers, and she's one of those. Her vocal skills are off the hook\\\". Melissa Etheridge also adds saying \\\"she has a power in her country music, in her singing. She can crossover to Rock in a second\\\". She has further received public commendation from Stevie Nicks, Steven Tyler, Tony Bennett, Dolly Parton, and Loretta Lynn. David Wild of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" has stated that \\\"Carrie Underwood\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18300519\",\n \"text\": \"and called the song a \\\"spiritual heartstring-tugger\\\". \\\"Billboard\\\" praised the song with 4 out of 5 stars, stating: \\\"Carrie Underwood offers a message of faith in times of trouble\\\". \\\"Music Times\\\" praised the song by saying that Underwood \\\"pulls out all of her strongest, boldest notes for the religious anthem\\\" and that the song \\\"builds to some of the greatest heights Underwood has reached to date\\\". \\\"All Access Music\\\" also praised the song, stating that \\\"It's a welcome – and bold – move for Underwood that flies in the face of Country's recent direction. Her vocals soar and to no\",\n \"title\": \"Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15654636\",\n \"text\": \"the relationship. In the end, they are finally face-to-face. This open end leaves up in the air if they will remind each other, just like the song. Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Remind Me\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released in May 2011 as the third single from Paisley's 2011 album \\\"This Is Country Music\\\". The music video for the song premiered on CMT on July 26, 2011. The song was also named Taste of Country's Song of The Year for\",\n \"title\": \"Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18979993\",\n \"text\": \"2015, Underwood announced the album's title and release date via live Facebook stream. Underwood has described Storyteller as being more laid-back and more twangy as opposed to her last studio album, \\\"Blown Away\\\" (2012). For this album, Underwood worked with frequent collaborators such as Hillary Lindsey, Ashley Gorley, Chris DeStefano, David Hodges, Brett James, and Mark Bright, although Underwood also worked with new collaborators such as Liz Rose, Zach Crowell, and Jay Joyce. Joyce produced the album's lead single \\\"Smoke Break\\\", which Underwood wrote with DeStefano and Lindsey. Underwood revealed the album's track listing on September 9, 2015, via her\",\n \"title\": \"Storyteller (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16664411\",\n \"text\": \"where I was when I heard it and called my manager, Ann, and I was like, 'Do not let anyone else have this song! It’s my song.' In talking to Chris and Josh about it, they [told me], 'We said we're either writing a song for Carrie Underwood or this song is never going to see the light of day.' It made me feel so good that they were thinking of me when they wrote it.\\\" As noted by interviewer Kurt Wolff, \\\"the melody and overall sound of the song also stand out as something fresh and very different.\\\" Tompkins\",\n \"title\": \"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661724\",\n \"text\": \"festival, and several shows in North America. All dates of the second leg of the \\\"Blown Away Tour\\\" were sold out, breaking records. Underwood wrapped the \\\"Blown Away Tour\\\" in late May 2013, playing to one million fans across three continents and six countries. Her three headline arena tours have played to over 3.2 million fans combined. Underwood released \\\"The Blown Away Tour: LIVE\\\", a DVD with nearly 100 minutes of performance footage, behind-the-scene looks, interviews, and music videos from the album \\\"Blown Away\\\". The DVD was released on August 13, 2013, and is Underwood's first official DVD concert. On\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12110791\",\n \"text\": \"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song) \\\"Just a Dream\\\" is a country song, released as the fourth single from Carrie Underwood's second studio album, \\\"Carnival Ride\\\". The song was written by Gordie Sampson, Steve McEwan, and Hillary Lindsey. The song was officially released to radio on July 21, 2008. A video for the song was released on August 5, 2008. The song was nominated for 2010 Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. The song debuted at number 96 on the U.S. \\\"[Billboard\\\" Pop 100 chart without any radio release at the end of the released week of \\\"Carnival\",\n \"title\": \"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661704\",\n \"text\": \"by a female artist, but was later overtaken by Susan Boyle's \\\"I Dreamed a Dream\\\" and finished the year as No. 2. Underwood wrote a song with pop/R&B singer-songwriter Ne-Yo for the album, the song, however, did not make the album. The first single from the album, \\\"Cowboy Casanova\\\", co-written by Underwood, Brett James and hip hop producer Mike Elizondo, was released in September 2009. It was a huge success, jumping from No. 96 to No. 11 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in its second week, one of the biggest single-week upwards on the chart of all time. It later\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19111735\",\n \"text\": \"compliments her vocals perfectly, with the pairing of their vocals and the echoing effect it creates adding a deeper element to the song, both in terms of sound and aesthetic. At its core, \\\"Heartbeat\\\" is nothing new; it covers a familiar topic with a familiar sound behind it. However, the sentimental and thematic vocals bring the song to a whole other level.\\\" Markos Papadatos of Digital Journal reviewed the song positively by calling it \\\"absolutely beautiful\\\". He concluded his review by saying, \\\"Carrie Underwood tackles the subject matter in \\\"Heartbeat\\\" with much delicacy and sentimentalism. It garners an A rating,\",\n \"title\": \"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19111732\",\n \"text\": \"Hunt). \\\"Heartbeat\\\" is a country pop and R&B song written by Carrie Underwood, Ashley Gorley, and Zach Crowell. It is a sentimental ballad composed in the key of B minor and the sheet music designates a \\\"slow\\\" tempo of 140 BPM. The song alternates between \\\"smooth\\\" verses with a relatively low-key musical accompaniment and a \\\"bombastic\\\" chorus. Country singer Sam Hunt, who is a frequent collaborator of Crowell's, sings backing vocals on the track, leading some publications to label the song a duet. Hunt provides background vocals on the chorus and bridge, with Underwood's vocals layered over top of his\",\n \"title\": \"Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661764\",\n \"text\": \"appeared in Target advertisements promoting her album Carnival Ride. The limited edition of the album which included a behind the scenes DVD was exclusively sold at Target. In 2008, Underwood worked with Nintendo for the launch of their Nintendo DS appearing in various television commercials. That same year, Underwood became the spokesperson for Vitamin Water starring in television and magazine advertisements. Underwood also hosts a guide to a healthy lifestyle on Vitamin Water's website. In 2010, Underwood became the spokesperson for the Pedigree adoption drive. In 2011, she became the first celebrity brand ambassador for Olay skin care. Underwood has\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661744\",\n \"text\": \"number 47 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart, powered by its launch at number three on the Digital Song Sales chart with 61,000 downloads. Underwood met songwriter/producer David Garcia in 2017, with whom she began co-producing her new album. Underwood returned to the stage for the first time since her accident and debuted her new single \\\"Cry Pretty\\\" at the 53rd Annual ACM Awards on April 15, where she received two nominations; she won the award for Vocal Event of the Year for \\\"The Fighter\\\" with Keith Urban. On May 11, she celebrated a decade of being an Opry member.\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661768\",\n \"text\": \"the official spokesperson for the Pedigree adoption drive. On March 29, 2010, Underwood and Pedigree partnered to donate $10,000 to a New York City Animal Shelter. In April 2011, Underwood opened the Happy Paws Animal Shelter in her hometown. On January 10, 2012, it was reported but had previously been blogged by Underwood herself on her official fan-site, that the singer rescued an abandoned dog along highway. Underwood and her husband made a video for the \\\"Do It for Daron\\\" campaign urging young people to stop bullying. In July 2012, she publicly endorsed same-sex marriage. She told the British newspaper\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661763\",\n \"text\": \"seller of the past 10 years in the United States. With her sixth studio album opening at number one on Billboard's Top 200 Albums chart, Underwood broke several records: she was the first woman in history to launch four country albums to number one there, as well as the first female country artist to top Billboard's The Artist 100 chart. Underwood has had many endorsements throughout her career. She has signed multimillion-dollar deals with Skechers, Target, Nintendo, Olay, Nicole by OPI, Hershey's, Almay and Dick's Sporting Goods. In 2005, Underwood appeared in a Skechers global advertising campaign. In 2007, Underwood\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661746\",\n \"text\": \"Artist and expanding her record for most wins in the category. On June 22, Underwood was honored with the Hero award from the Radio Disney Music Awards, in recognition of her humanitarian efforts. She and Ludacris performed their song \\\"The Champion\\\" together at the awards ceremony. Brad Paisley and Underwood hosted the 52nd Annual Country Music Association Awards on November 14, 2018. The same month, Underwood announced she would kick off the Cry Pretty Tour 360 in May 2019. Her sixth studio album, \\\"Cry Pretty\\\", was released on September 14, 2018. Underwood performed \\\"Spinning Bottles\\\", a song from the album,\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661742\",\n \"text\": \"signed with Universal Music Group's Capitol Records Nashville after being with Arista Nashville for nearly twelve years. Madame Tussauds unveiled a new figure of Underwood when the Nashville location opened in April 2017. Matthew West collaborated with Underwood, who performed background vocals on the song \\\"Something Greater\\\" from his album, \\\"All In\\\" (2017). Underwood and Brad Paisley hosted the CMA Awards in November, marking their 10th consecutive year as hosts. Underwood again received a nomination in the Female Vocalist category, her twelfth nomination to date. She performed \\\"Softly and Tenderly\\\" as part of a tribute to the victims of the\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661727\",\n \"text\": \"Underwood told \\\"Billboard\\\", \\\"After \\\"The Sound of Music\\\", I feel like I can really buckle down and start working on the next album.\\\" Underwood also stated she has been planning another tour, which might be toned down from her earlier ones, stating, \\\"I haven't thought about it much because I don't know what the next album is going to sound like, but I like just standing there and singing, too. I may take a different approach, a more simple approach on the next one. I loved the energy that rock concerts had,\\\" Underwood told \\\"Billboard\\\". Underwood is featured on Miranda\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661714\",\n \"text\": \"of Service\\\", which honored former President George H. W. Bush. At the season ten finale of \\\"American Idol,\\\" Underwood selected a song for contestant Lauren Alaina to sing. Underwood is featured on \\\"Remind Me\\\", a duet with Brad Paisley that reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs, giving Underwood her eleventh number-one single on such chart and fourteenth overall. She has also a duet with Tony Bennett on his 2011 album \\\"Duets II\\\" and another duet with Randy Travis on his 2011 \\\"Anniversary Celebration\\\" album. Underwood was one of the headliners of the iHeartRadio Music Festival. The event\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661713\",\n \"text\": \"she was selected for the list. Also in May, Victoria's Secret named her legs the Sexiest Legs in Hollywood. In June 2011, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine ranked Underwood as the No. 11 Queen of Pop, based on a lot of criteria from 2009 until 2011. Underwood co-wrote and recorded a song titled \\\"There's a Place for Us\\\", the lead single from \\\"\\\". Underwood and songwriters, David Hodges and Hillary Lindsey, received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. In March 2011, Underwood sang John Lennon's \\\"Instant Karma!\\\" at the NBC's special \\\"All Together Now – A Celebration\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661692\",\n \"text\": \"Stream\\\" with Kenny Rogers (originally by Parton and Rogers) at the Kennedy Center Honors, which honored Parton that year. Underwood performed with the USO Christmas Tour in Iraq during the 2006 Holiday season. Underwood also performed at the 2007 Idol Gives Back concert, singing \\\"I'll Stand By You\\\", a cover of The Pretenders hit. Her version of the song debuted at No. 6 on \\\"Billboard\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Hot 100 Songs. In 2007, \\\"Forbes\\\" reported that Underwood earned over $7 million between June 2006 and June 2007. Also in 2007, Victoria's Secret named Underwood the Sexiest Female Musician. Underwood's second album, \\\"Carnival Ride\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661725\",\n \"text\": \"February 22, 2013, \\\"Billboard\\\" ranked Underwood as the 16th money maker for the period from February 2012 to February 2013. She earned close to $12 million, being \\\"American Idol\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Top Earner and second for female country artists. In June 2013, \\\"Forbes\\\" placed Underwood at No. 46 on The Celebrity 100 list, reporting that she earned more than $31 million between June 2012 and June 2013, being the top-earning \\\"American Idol\\\". On January 21, 2013, \\\"Can't Stop Lovin' You\\\", a song by rock band Aerosmith with featured vocals by Underwood, was released as a single. On May 25, Underwood joined The\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16664409\",\n \"text\": \"The weatherman called for a twister / She prayed blow it down.\\\" Kear commented that it was not the duo's intent or goal to make it a dark, revenge-themed song. As they wrote the pre-chorus line \\\"not enough rain in Oklahoma\\\", both knew that it was a Carrie Underwood song, as the singer is from that state. \\\"We knew if we stuck with that lyric [\\\"Oklahoma\\\"—which is Carrie's home state] it was Carrie's song or maybe no one would ever record it,\\\" Kear commented. After the theme of the song had been established, the songwriters wanted to \\\"dig up as\",\n \"title\": \"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16321145\",\n \"text\": \"of 126 beats per minute. It does not use full chords, but rather a pattern of open fifths consisting of C5-F5-E5-B5. Underwood's vocal ranges from G3 to F5. Upon its release, \\\"Good Girl\\\" received general acclaim. Roughstock gave the song four stars and praised that \\\"this is the best uptempo vocal that Carrie Underwood has given country radio.\\\". Bill Lamb of About.com gave the song four out of five stars, noting that the song \\\"crackles with rock guitar and vocal fireworks while encouraging audience participation with a singalong chorus that is pure pop.\\\" Bill Dukes of Taste of Country rated\",\n \"title\": \"Good Girl (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13764069\",\n \"text\": \"recording of \\\"Home Sweet Home\\\", a recording in which has never been featured on an album before. Underwood participated in numerous televised events, media coverage, talk shows, and other miscellaneous appearances to promote the album. This was Underwood's first time headlining an international tour. \\\"Play On\\\" received mixed reviews. The album had a score of 54 out of 100 from Metacritic based on \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\" from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave the album 2.5 out of 5 stars. He argues that \\\"Carrie is still nominally a country artist and sometimes will sing supported by fiddles\",\n \"title\": \"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13764061\",\n \"text\": \"video for the song was released in October 2009. It has sold 2,300,000 copies in the United States and has been certified 2x platinum. \\\"Temporary Home\\\", the second single, was released to country radio starting the week of December 14, 2009. The song has received multiple forms of promotion, including performances on the Late Show with David Letterman, the television special \\\"A Home For the Holidays\\\", Underwood's personal CMT Invitation Only performance, Underwood's Christmas variety show entitled \\\"Carrie Underwood: An All-Star Holiday Special\\\", at the 45th ACM Awards, and on her tour. The song has hit at number one on\",\n \"title\": \"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13764057\",\n \"text\": \"16, 2009, Underwood made a promotional stop in Singapore to promote her upcoming album to the Asian media. The album was released on November 2 in Singapore and various parts of Asia, followed by a November 3 release in the United States. Underwood performed on \\\"The Late Show with David Letterman\\\" on November 2, and performed a special outdoor concert at Lincoln Center on \\\"Good Morning America\\\" on album release day, and rounded out her week with a visit to \\\"Live with Regis and Kelly\\\" on November 5. Underwood also performed another outdoor concert for \\\"Good Morning America\\\" at the\",\n \"title\": \"Play On (Carrie Underwood album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661749\",\n \"text\": \"to belt at such high intensity during her 90–120 minute live shows, Underwood responded, \\\"I'm too proud to drop keys. I won't do it. Maybe the older I get, I'll write some songs in lower keys so it'll be easier. I've always been pretty good as far as stamina onstage. Being able to work out and stay physically strong is important... So far, it's worked for me. I'm just blessed at being able to be loud for long periods of time.\\\" Fellow country music singer Randy Travis paid high praises to Underwood's voice when asked about her cover of his\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661785\",\n \"text\": \"Anthem for Super Bowl XLIV. Underwood performed the opening theme song for \\\"NBC Sunday Night Football.\\\" Hill later expressed full support for Underwood, congratulating her via Twitter and stating that it was \\\"an awesome choice\\\" by NBC/SNF and that Underwood \\\"will rock it\\\". Underwood's original song was a modification of her song \\\"Oh, Sunday Night\\\", but was changed to an original song, \\\"Game On\\\", for the 2018 NFL season. She sang the National Anthem for the Nashville Predators prior to their victory over the Chicago Blackhawks in Game 3 of the first round of the 2017 Stanley Cup Playoffs and\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661778\",\n \"text\": \"disappointed in the negativity that was created by the radio station. Underwood was selected by \\\"The Hockey News\\\" on its annual list of the 100 People of Power and Influence in Ice Hockey. For the 2012 list, Underwood ranked at No. 85. According to \\\"Forbes\\\", Underwood earned $7 million between 2006 and 2007, $9 million between 2007 and 2008, $14 million between 2008 and 2009, $13 million between 2009 and 2010, $20 million between 2010 and 2011, $5 million between 2011 and 2012, $31 million between 2012 and 2013, $10 million between 2013 and 2014, $8 million between 2014 and\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661775\",\n \"text\": \"a very special and unique production, is exciting beyond words,\\\" said Ted Chapin, President of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. \\\"Part of the magic of Rodgers and Hammerstein is how their work has adapted itself to so many different incarnations, and I am certain the fresh spirit Underwood brings to her own songs will transition into exciting versions of the classic songs we all know and love.\\\" Underwood began dating NHL player Mike Fisher after they met at one of her concerts in late 2008, and she became engaged to him in December 2009. On July 10, 2010, Underwood and\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661771\",\n \"text\": \"the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. In February 2011, Underwood donated $140,125 to Save the Children. This charitable initiative was inspired by the \\\"36 cents\\\" written in the lyrics of Underwood's album track \\\"Change\\\" on her album \\\"Play On\\\", which addresses how even the smallest bit of spare change that one might have can add up to make a difference and help \\\"change\\\" the world. Underwood is a supporter of the United Service Organization, Clothes off our back, and Habitat For Humanity. To benefit cancer research, in August 2008, Underwood joined Beyoncé, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, Miley Cyrus, and\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661770\",\n \"text\": \"other and get on with each other. It's not up to me to judge anybody.\\\" Underwood launched the Academy of Country Music Lifting Lives Temporary Home Fund in 2010. The Fund specifically benefits victims of the Tennessee floods of early 2010 and it was kicked off with grants that Underwood received from ACM as Entertainer of the Year. She also teamed up with Brooks and Dunn to support the new Fund by recording a Public Service Announcement (PSA). Underwood is involved with several organizations that benefit children. In January 2010, she partnered with Country Cares for St. Jude Kids visiting\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661762\",\n \"text\": \"the longest streak of top ten singles by a country artist from the start of a career. The Recording Industry Association of America recognizes Underwood as the Top Country Artist of all time and the fifth highest-certified female artist on its Top Artists (Digital Songs) raking, with 30 million certified units. Underwood is also the highest certified Country album artist to debut in the 21st century. Since May 2011, Underwood is the Biggest \\\"American Idol\\\" Earner, with, at the time of the press release, over $66 million in tour revenues, besides her records sales. She is the fourth biggest album\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661741\",\n \"text\": \"record for most wins in the show's history. Underwood scored two nominations for the 2017 Teen Choice awards, including Choice Country Artist, which she won for a third consecutive year. She received one nomination from the 45th annual American Music Awards in the Favorite Female Artist - Country category, which she won for the fourth year in a row, bringing her total to twelve American Music awards. In January 2017, Underwood took time off at the beginning of the year to spend time with family, and would then, possibly, begin to write for her next album. In March 2017, Underwood\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661737\",\n \"text\": \"Awards, taking home two honors for \\\"Smoke Break\\\", expanding her CMT Music Award total to 15—the most among all acts. She was named Female Vocalist of the Year by the American Country Countdown Awards in 2016, and also received the CMA Chairman's Award. In July, she picked up her fifth Teen Choice Award, for Choice Country Artist. Underwood also received two nominations from the Billboard Music Awards, including Top Country Artist. In September 2016, Underwood was the first artist to receive the ACM Lifting Lives Gary Haber Award, for her continuous work with charities. On October 20, 2016, Underwood was\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661736\",\n \"text\": \"two number one hits on the Country Airplay chart in 2016. A fourth single, \\\"Dirty Laundry\\\", was released from the album in August 2016.\\\"Billboard\\\" ranked Underwood as the top female country artist for the year, and fifth overall. Underwood launched the , her fifth headlining tour, in January 2016, with a second half picking up in August. The tour has since played to over 1 million fans, completing 92 shows across 7 countries while being named by \\\"Billboard\\\" the top country tour for the first half of the year. In June 2016, Underwood received three nominations from the CMT Music\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661721\",\n \"text\": \"and performed \\\"Two Black Cadillacs\\\". In early 2013, Underwood won the prize for Top Selling International Album of the Year at the 41st Country Music Awards of Australia, held by the Country Music Association of Australia. Also in February 2013, Underwood won her sixth Grammy Award, for Best Country Solo Performance, for \\\"Blown Away\\\". She performed a medley of \\\"Blown Away\\\" and \\\"Two Black Cadillacs\\\" at the awards show. On February 13, Underwood received two nominations for the Academy of Country Music Awards. She won International Album of the Year at the 2013 British Country Music Awards. At the 2013\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661716\",\n \"text\": \"reported that Underwood earned over $20 million between May 2010 and May 2011, being the top-earning \\\"American Idol\\\" alumnus for the fourth consecutive year. On February 4, 2012, Underwood joined Steven Tyler to record CMT's \\\"Crossroads\\\" at the Pepsi Coliseum during the Pepsi Super Bowl Fan Jam of Super Bowl XLVI. It was the highest-rated episode in seven years. On February 12, 2012, Underwood and Tony Bennett performed their duet \\\"It Had to Be You\\\" at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. They also sang the song on the season two premiere of Blue Bloods in September 2011. \\\"Blown Away\\\", Underwood's\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661715\",\n \"text\": \"took place on September 23 and 24, 2011. On September 19, Underwood performed \\\"You Really Got a Hold on Me\\\" in order to honor Smokey Robinson, as he was presented with the Ella Award at the Society of Singers annual dinner. Robinson returned the favor to Underwood by singing \\\"My Girl\\\" to her. At the same event, they sang together with Stevie Wonder, Natalie Cole and other artists a medley of multiple songs. In 2010, Underwood was reported by \\\"Forbes\\\" to have earned over $13 million from May 2009 to May 2010, being the top-earning \\\"Idol\\\". In July 2011, Forbes\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661710\",\n \"text\": \"Home\\\". Underwood was honored by the CMT Artists of the Year special as one of the 5 top Artists of the year in 2010 in country music. The event aired on CMT on December 3, 2010. At the 2011 Academy of Country Music Awards, Underwood sang with Steven Tyler both her song \\\"Undo It\\\" and Aerosmith's \\\"Walk This Way\\\". In May 2011, Underwood was one of the seven women to be honored by the Academy of Country Music at the \\\"Girls' Night Out: Superstar Women of Country\\\" special. She was recognized for being the first and only female artist in\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661708\",\n \"text\": \"for six Academy of Country Music Awards. At the show, Underwood was named Entertainer of the Year, making her the first woman in history to win this award twice. Host Reba McEntire presented Underwood with the \\\"ACM Triple Crown Award\\\" signifying her winning Top New Artist, Top Female Vocalist, and Entertainer of the Year during her career. She was only the second Female to win the coveted \\\"Triple Crown Award\\\", the first being Barbara Mandrell. At the CMT Music Awards, Underwood walked away with Video of the Year for \\\"Cowboy Casanova\\\" and also won CMT Performance of the Year for\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661701\",\n \"text\": \"at the 2007 \\\"Movies Rock: A Celebration Of Music In Film\\\". On October 22, 2008, Underwood unveiled her wax figure at Madame Tussauds New York. In 2008, it was reported by \\\"Forbes\\\" that Underwood earned over $9 million between June 2007 and June 2008, being No. 79 on the Top Celebrity 100 list. In 2009, \\\"Forbes\\\" reported that Underwood was the top earning \\\"American Idol\\\" alumnus from June 2008 to May 17, 2009. She earned more than twice as much as the second-place finisher, with estimated earnings of $14 million during this time period. She appeared on the holiday CD\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661698\",\n \"text\": \"Year award to George Strait. At the 2008 American Music Awards, Carnival Ride won the Favorite Country Album award, thus making that her 2nd consecutive win in such category. In 2008, Underwood won her first international award, which was \\\"Female Vocalist of the Year\\\" at the European Country Music Association Awards. For the 44th Academy of Country Music Awards, in 2009, Underwood was nominated for four major awards. Underwood won for Female Vocalist of the Year and Entertainer of the Year, thus making her the first woman to win the award in ten years and the 7th female to take\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661679\",\n \"text\": \"episode, Underwood sang a rendition of the number-one 1980s rock hit \\\"Alone\\\", made famous by Heart, and Cowell predicted that Underwood would not only win the competition, but she would also outsell all previous \\\"Idol\\\" winners. One of the show's producers later said she dominated the voting, winning every week handily. She gained a fan base known as \\\"Carrie's Care Bears\\\" during the course of the show. During the final, she sang with Rascal Flatts on \\\"Bless the Broken Road.\\\" On May 25, 2005, Underwood became the season four winner. Her winnings included a recording contract worth at least a\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661711\",\n \"text\": \"the Academy's history to ever win Entertainer of the Year twice. At the ceremony, Vince Gill introduced Underwood and presented her with the special award. He sang one of her hits, \\\"Jesus, Take The Wheel\\\", and joined Underwood on a rendition performance of \\\"How Great Thou Art\\\". The video of the performance turned into a viral sensation, reaching 3 million views on YouTube within two days. In December 2009, \\\"Some Hearts\\\" was named the number-one Country Album of the 2000 Decade by \\\"Billboard\\\" and Underwood was the top-ranked female artist on \\\"Billboard\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Best Country Artists of the 2000 Decade list.\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661695\",\n \"text\": \"album's next single, was released on July 2008 and later peaked at No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart, staying there for two consecutive weeks. With that, Underwood became the first solo female artist to pull four number one's from one album since Twain did it with \\\"The Woman in Me\\\". The album's fifth single, \\\"I Told You So\\\", a duet with the original singer of the song, Randy Travis, was released in February 2009. It peaked at No. 2 on the Country charts and No. 9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. All singles from \\\"Carnival Ride\\\" were certified\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12110797\",\n \"text\": \"countdown for the Top 40 best country music singles of 2008. \\\"Billboard\\\" gave it a positive review as well: \\\"The fourth single from Carrie Underwood's double-platinum \\\"Carnival Ride\\\" finds the singer charting new territory. Previous singles have stuck to a similar lyrical theme, contrasting between Underwood's girl-next-door image with inspirational or family-centered songs… 'Just a Dream' delivers the heartbreaking, storytelling side of Nashville with the kind of song usually reserved for vets like one of her idols Reba McEntire or Martina McBride. Underwood convincingly sells the story of a young widow of a soldier killed in combat, using shades of\",\n \"title\": \"Just a Dream (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10296446\",\n \"text\": \"Top Country Albums chart, earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24, 2016.<ref name=riaaAlbums/ Underwood released her sixth studio album, \\\"Cry Pretty,\\\" on September 14, 2018. The album debuted at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart, making Underwood the first woman to have four number one country albums on that chart. It sold 266,000 album-equivalent units in its first week, out of which 251,000 copies were pure sales, giving Underwood the largest sales week for a female artist\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16664406\",\n \"text\": \"for Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance. The accompanying music video was directed by Randee St. Nicholas. Underwood said that when she heard first the song, she already had ideas of a possible video for it. She wanted it to be a dark \\\"Wizard of Oz\\\" in 2012. It earned her an award for Video of the Year at the 2013 CMT Music Awards. The video was nominated for Music Video of the Year at the 2013 Country Music Association Awards. Underwood has performed \\\"Blown Away\\\" in a number of live appearances, including at the 2012 Billboard Music\",\n \"title\": \"Blown Away (Carrie Underwood song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661706\",\n \"text\": \"and hit No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart, giving Underwood her tenth number-one single on the Hot Country Songs. The 4th single from \\\"Play On\\\", \\\"Mama's Song\\\", was released to country radio in September, peaked at two on the Hot Country Songs and was certified Gold by the RIAA. The album is certified Triple Platinum. Underwood's Play On Tour started its first leg on March 11, 2010, in Reading, Pennsylvania. The second leg of the tour started on September 25, 2010, in Portland, Oregon, and ended January 1, 2011, in Detroit. Underwood sold out the prestigious Hollywood Bowl\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661703\",\n \"text\": \"For Christmas\\\", for his 2008 album \\\"Christmas Duets\\\". Elvis's ex-wife, Priscilla Presley, herself asked Underwood to do the duet: \\\"Priscilla wanted me to do 'I'll Be Home For Christmas'\\\", she says. \\\"I couldn't say 'no'.\\\" In March 2009, she tracked a cover of Mötley Crüe's ballad \\\"Home Sweet Home\\\" for the \\\"American Idol\\\" season eight farewell theme. Underwood released her third studio album, \\\"Play On\\\", on November 3, 2009. The album debuted atop both the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and Top Country Albums, selling over 318,000 copies in its first week, and became, upon its release, the top-selling release of the year\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661702\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hear Something Country Christmas 2007\\\" with a rendition of \\\"Do You Hear What I Hear?\\\". The song reached No. 2 on the AC Chart and remained there for three consecutive weeks. She recorded the song \\\"Ever Ever After\\\" for the soundtrack of the 2007 Walt Disney film \\\"Enchanted\\\". Underwood co-wrote a song for \\\"Idol\\\" alum Kristy Lee Cook's major-label debut album \\\"Why Wait\\\". At the 2008 Idol Gives Back, she sang George Michael's classic \\\"Praying For Time\\\" and later recorded it. In November 2008, Underwood recorded a virtual and posthumous duet with Elvis Presley, on his classic \\\"I'll Be Home\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661700\",\n \"text\": \"Vocal Performance, for \\\"Just A Dream\\\". At the ceremony, she performed with Celine Dion, Usher, Smokey Robinson, and Jennifer Hudson during the 3-D Michael Jackson tribute. Grammy Awards producer Ken Ehrlich stated that Michael Jackson greatly admired Underwood, which is why she was hand-picked to perform during his tribute. On May 13, 2008, Underwood was invited by Randy Travis to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry. Later that month she was officially inducted by Garth Brooks into the Grand Ole Opry. A few months earlier, she sang Julie Andrews's classic, the title song from \\\"The Sound of Music\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661699\",\n \"text\": \"it in the award show's four-decade run. Underwood was nominated for Video of the Year at the 2009 CMT Awards for \\\"Just A Dream\\\". In 2009, at the 51st Grammy Awards, she won, for the third year in a row, the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance, for \\\"Last Name\\\", and performed the song at the ceremony. At the 52nd Grammy Awards in 2010, Underwood won her fifth Grammy Award: She won the Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals for \\\"I Told You So\\\" with Randy Travis and was also nominated again for Best Female Country\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661696\",\n \"text\": \"Platinum by the RIAA, for selling more than one million copies each. In January 2008, Underwood embarked on a joint tour with Keith Urban named the \\\"Love, Pain and the Whole Crazy Carnival Ride Tour\\\", with dates fixed nationwide that continued through April. She then started her headlined tour, the Carnival Ride Tour, in February 2008, with dates across all North America, and ended it on December 14, 2008, playing to 1.2 million fans throughout the tour and being named the top-selling country female touring artist of 2008. At the end of 2007, Underwood topped five \\\"Billboard\\\" Year-End charts, including\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661691\",\n \"text\": \"was nominated for two more Grammys: Best Female Country Vocal Performance, for \\\"Before He Cheats\\\" and Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, for \\\"Oh, Love\\\" a duet with Brad Paisley. She won one Grammy Award that night, for Best Female Country Vocal Performance, and performed the song at the ceremony. In December 2005, Underwood was named Oklahoman of the Year by \\\"Oklahoma Today\\\". In December 2006, Underwood joined Tony Bennett, Michael Bublé, and Josh Groban to sing \\\"For Once in My Life\\\" on \\\"The Oprah Winfrey Show\\\". That same month, she paid tribute to Dolly Parton, by singing \\\"Islands in the\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661690\",\n \"text\": \"Awards: Best New Artist and Best Female Country Vocal Performance for \\\"Jesus, Take the Wheel. By winning the Best New Artist Grammy Award, Underwood became only the second country artist to ever win the award in the 56-year history of the Grammy Awards, following LeAnn Rimes (1997). She sang the Eagles song \\\"Life in the Fast Lane\\\" alongside Grammy nominees Rascal Flatts. She also sang the Eagles' \\\"Desperado\\\" to honour Don Henley of The Eagles. She also paid tribute to Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys by performing \\\"New San Antonio Rose\\\". At the 50th Grammy Awards, in 2008, Underwood\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661689\",\n \"text\": \"the Year. She was nominated for \\\"World's Best Selling New Artist\\\" at the 2006 World Music Awards. At the 2007 CMT Awards in Nashville, Tennessee, on April 16, Underwood's \\\"Before He Cheats\\\" won three awards, including Video of the Year, Female Video of the Year, and Video Director of the Year. Underwood won two awards at the 2007 CMA Awards: Female Vocalist of the Year, for the second consecutive time, and Single Record of the Year, for \\\"Before He Cheats\\\". In 2007, at the 49th Grammy Awards, \\\"Some Hearts\\\" received four Grammy nominations and Underwood won her first two Grammy\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661688\",\n \"text\": \"the Year Award at the American Music Awards, and was also nominated for Favorite Female Country Artist. She won five awards at the 2006 \\\"Billboard\\\" Music Awards, including the coveted Album of the Year, Top 200 Female Artist of the Year, Female Country Artist, New Country Artist, and Country Album of the Year. That year, Underwood also won a Gospel Music Association (GMA) Dove Award for Country Recorded Song of the Year, for \\\"Jesus, Take The Wheel\\\". At the Academy of Country Music Awards in 2007, Underwood won Album of the Year, Video of the Year, and Female Vocalist of\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661686\",\n \"text\": \"No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart, sold more than one million copies and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. In August 2008, the \\\"Jesus, Take the Wheel\\\" ringtone was reported to have been certified Platinum, making Underwood the first country artist ever to have two songs hit Platinum Mastertone status together with \\\"Before He Cheats\\\", which had been certified earlier in 2007. Underwood started her first headlined tour, , with dates across North America. At the 2005 \\\"Billboard\\\" Music Awards, her hit song \\\"Inside Your Heaven\\\" won the coveted Top-Selling Hot 100 Song of the Year award and\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4661671\",\n \"text\": \"in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 15 years. Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist. Her second album, \\\"Carnival Ride\\\", followed in 2007. It had one of the biggest ever opening weeks by a female artist and earned Underwood two Grammy Awards. Her next album, 2009's Play On, was a commercial success led by the single \\\"Cowboy Casanova\\\". Underwood's fourth album, \\\"Blown Away\\\" (2012), earned her a Grammy Award and was that year's second best-selling release by a female artist. Her first (2014) was a chart and sales success\",\n \"title\": \"Carrie Underwood\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["checotah"],"string":"[\n \"checotah\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1188,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who currently owns the steelers?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11214428","text":"injuries to both Bleier and Harris in the AFC Divisional Playoff game against the Baltimore Colts sidelined them both for the following week's AFC Championship game against the Oakland Raiders. Without both of their 1,000-yard rushers, the Steelers lost to the Raiders by a score of 24-7. Even with Pittsburgh coming up short, many Steelers fans—including the Rooney family themselves—consider the 1976 Steelers the best team in franchise history, even better than all six world championship teams. Jack Lambert, who won 4 Super Bowls with the Steelers between 1974 and 1979, claimed that the 1976 Steelers team was the best","title":"1976 Pittsburgh Steelers season"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11214428\",\n \"text\": \"injuries to both Bleier and Harris in the AFC Divisional Playoff game against the Baltimore Colts sidelined them both for the following week's AFC Championship game against the Oakland Raiders. Without both of their 1,000-yard rushers, the Steelers lost to the Raiders by a score of 24-7. Even with Pittsburgh coming up short, many Steelers fans—including the Rooney family themselves—consider the 1976 Steelers the best team in franchise history, even better than all six world championship teams. Jack Lambert, who won 4 Super Bowls with the Steelers between 1974 and 1979, claimed that the 1976 Steelers team was the best\",\n \"title\": \"1976 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"17790386","text":"Who Owns the Future? Who Owns the Future? is a book by Jaron Lanier, published in 2013. Lanier posits that the middle class is increasingly disenfranchised from online economies. By convincing users to give away valuable information about themselves in exchange for free services, firms can accrue large amounts of data at virtually no cost. Lanier calls these firms \"Siren Servers,\" alluding to the Sirens of Ulysses. Instead of paying each individual for their contribution to the data pool, the Siren Servers concentrate wealth in the hands of the few who control the data centers. For example, he points to","title":"Who Owns the Future?"},{"psg_id":"17790388","text":"York Times\" said: Hiawatha Bray from the \"Boston Globe\" said: Peter Lawler commented: \"The Guardian\" said: \"The Economist\" commented: \"The Independent\" said: \"Columbia Journalism Review\": \"The Daily Telegraph\" said: The \"Los Angeles Times\" noted: The \"New York Times\" commented: The \"Washington Post\" review said: In a somewhat critical review, Evan Hughes of \"The New Republic\" commented: Who Owns the Future? Who Owns the Future? is a book by Jaron Lanier, published in 2013. Lanier posits that the middle class is increasingly disenfranchised from online economies. By convincing users to give away valuable information about themselves in exchange for free services,","title":"Who Owns the Future?"},{"psg_id":"19544573","text":"2018 Latvian parliamentary election was attorney Aldis Gobzems. KPV LV received the second largest number of votes (14.25%) among the parties participating in the 2018 Latvian parliamentary election and earned 16 seats in the 13th Saeima. After Jānis Bordāns of New Conservative Party (which also earned 16 seats in parliament) was unsuccessful in negotiating a governing coalition, President Raimonds Vējonis nominated Gobzems as Prime Minister of Latvia on November 26th, 2018, however Gobzems was also unsuccessful in forming a government and on December 10 Vējonis withdrew his candidacy. Who owns the state? Who owns the state? or Whom does the","title":"Who owns the state?"},{"psg_id":"19544571","text":"Who owns the state? Who owns the state? or Whom does the country belong to? () is a populist and anti-establishment party in Latvia. It was founded by former Latvian Association of Regions deputy of the Saeima, and since December 2015 independent politician, Artuss Kaimiņš. Initially known as just KPV, it was renamed to KPV LV on June 21, 2016, as an association by the same name already existed. In July 2018, the party experienced a steep rise in ratings, reaching 7.0%, in comparison with 4.4% just a month before, and became the third most popular political party in Latvia.","title":"Who owns the state?"},{"psg_id":"14641552","text":"Disney Channel who went on about violating your godliness.\" Evan Sawdey of PopMatters also found an alternate answer to the song's chorus. \"It’s commerce that owns your heart, Miley, and it always has been\", he wrote. Mikael Wood of \"Billboard\" compared \"Who Owns My Heart\" to 2010 singles released by The Black Eyed Peas. Nick Levine of Digital Spy said it was a post-GaGa Hi-NRG track inclined to the generic. However, he said lyrical references were a large reminder Cyrus sung the track. Ed Masley of \"The Arizona Republic\" deemed \"Who Owns My Heart\" to be one of the best","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641561","text":"turtle neck while female dancers in lingerie and male dancers in suits, chiropractically challenging dance routines, and symbolism. Cyrus explained, The song was the closing number of Cyrus' Gypsy Heart Tour. Who Owns My Heart \"Who Owns My Heart\" is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus for her third studio album \"Can't Be Tamed\" (2010). The song was written by Cyrus, Antonina Armato, Tim James and Devrim Karaoglu, and produced by Armato and James. \"Who Owns My Heart\" was released on October 22, 2010 by Hollywood Records as the second and final single from Cyrus' third studio album \"Can't","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641546","text":"Who Owns My Heart \"Who Owns My Heart\" is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus for her third studio album \"Can't Be Tamed\" (2010). The song was written by Cyrus, Antonina Armato, Tim James and Devrim Karaoglu, and produced by Armato and James. \"Who Owns My Heart\" was released on October 22, 2010 by Hollywood Records as the second and final single from Cyrus' third studio album \"Can't Be Tamed\" only in selected European countries. It would become her final overall release with Hollywood Records after signing with RCA Records in 2013. The song was written about the feelings","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641554","text":"the Austrian Singles Chart, on the week ending November 19, 2010. The following week, \"Who Owns My Heart\" descended to number 50 and, later, number 54 before completely falling from the chart. On the week ending November 22, 2010, \"Who Owns My Heart\" debuted and peaked at number 24 on the German Singles Chart. In the succeeding week, the song dropped to number 39. The track continued to descend in positions until spending its last week on the German Singles Chart on the week ending January 10, 2011. The song spent a total of seven weeks on the chart. \"Who","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641550","text":"that is inspired by 1980s music. The song is set in common time and has a driving dance tempo of 136 beats per minute. It is written in the key of A minor and Cyrus' vocals span two octaves, from G to C. It follows the chord progression Am–F–Dm–E. \"Who Owns My Heart\" is heavy in rubbery and bubbling disco synths. Keyboard riffs also drive the song's instrumentation. Lyrically, \"Who Owns My Heart\" speaks of the thrill of meeting a potential love interest on the dance floor. Verses and the bridge describe the setting using comparisons to numerous things, including","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641555","text":"Owns My Heart\" also charted on the Belgian Tip Singles Chart (Flanders) and the Slovakian Airplay Singles Chart, peaking at number two and 35, respectively. The music video for \"Who Owns My Heart\" was directed by Robert Hales, who previously directed the video for \"Can't Be Tamed\", and filmed on November 6 and 7, 2010 at the Meadow Brook Hall in Rochester Hills, Michigan. The video commences with Cyrus asleep, blindfolded on a mattress in a bedroom. She awakens and writhes on the mattress. Following, Cyrus proceeds to a bathroom, her attire is composed of a white tank top, white","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641551","text":"tsunamis and rodeos. The song's refrains proceed to question, \"Who owns my heart? Is it love or is it art?\" Tanner Stransky of \"Entertainment Weekly\" stated, \"This song is a pulsy, possibly club-ready jam that deserves single status.\" Heather Phares of Allmusic used \"Who Owns My Heart\" as an example of, according to her, a recurring problem on \"Can't Be Tamed\": \"too often, Cyrus equates grown-up with joyless\". Alexis Petridis of the United Kingdom magazine \"The Guardian\" felt the song was a gamely attempt at Lady Gaga. He said the chorus invites the answer: \"probably that creepy bloke from the","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641548","text":"charted in Austria, Germany, and Slovakia. A corresponding music video for \"Who Owns My Heart\" was directed by Robert Hales. It follows Cyrus throughout preparing herself for, arriving, and dancing at a mansion party. The video received criticism from the Parents Television Council for its sexual elements. It resulted in a commercial failure, as no promotion was planned. The song was written by Cyrus in collaboration with Antonina Armato, Tim James, and Devrim Karaoglu. Cyrus described it as a \"total dance track\" with a cool concept. \"Who Owns My Heart\" was written about the feelings a club's environment can lead","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641547","text":"a club's environment can lead someone to believe. \"Who Owns My Heart\" is musically club-oriented and driven by synths. Lyrically, the song speaks of meeting a potential love interest at a nightclub. The song garnered mixed reception from music critics. Some critics argued it was dull and faceless, while other deemed it one of the best tracks on \"Can't Be Tamed\". \"Who Owns My Heart\" failed to become a commercial success, unlike its predecessor \"Can't Be Tamed\". It managed to perform moderately in Dutch-speaking, European territories, its highest international peak being achieved in Belgium (Flanders), at number two. It also","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"313802","text":"Myron Cope, who served as a Steelers radio color commentator for 35 seasons (–). Several former Steelers players have gone on to careers in media after completing their playing careers. The \"Steelers Digest\" is the only official newspaper for the Pittsburgh Steelers. It has been published for 22 years and is currently published by Dolphin/Curtis Publishing in Miami, Florida, which also handles several other publications. The newspaper is very widely acknowledged by Steelers fans. Issues are mailed out to paying subscribers weekly through the season after every regular season game and continues through playoffs as long as the Steelers do.","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"313801","text":"locally on WTAE-TV, channel 4. (WTAE-TV is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which owns a 20% stake in ESPN.) By virtue of being members of the AFC, most of the Steelers' games air on CBS and KDKA. \"NBC Sunday Night Football\" games are carried by WPXI, channel 11, in the market. The Steelers hold a national contract with Grupo Imagen for radio rights to their games in Mexico; Imagen broadcasts the Steelers on their stations in 17 Mexican cities. The Steelers franchise has a rich history of producing well-known sportscasters over the years. The most famous of these is probably","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"11236656","text":"head coaching career in the NFL—a record Cowher still co-owns with Brown, as the Steelers missed the playoffs the following year. The Steelers had 572 rushing attempts in 1997, the most in the 1990s. Their 2,479 total rushing yards were the third-most of the decade by any team. The Steelers went into the season introducing a new font style numbers on jerseys matching the ones they wear on the helmets and the Steelers logo patch on uniform which remains used as of 2017. The Steelers would host the AFC Championship Game for the third time in four years; however, they","title":"1997 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"14641558","text":"track 'Who Owns My Heart.'\" Tanner Stransky of \"Entertainment Weekly\" assumed the theme of the video were the divergent hairstyles, but acclaimed the video for its fun. Stransky said the sultry aspect of the video added to its frothy, \"thumpa-thumpa deliciousness\". Edith Zimmerman of \"New York\" magazine viewed it as \"awkward\". Megan Vick of \"Billboard\" thought the video followed the same steps as the video for \"Can't Be Tamed\" — dark lighting, lots of bare Cyrus parts and writhing around on flat surfaces. Vick recalled Amy Winehouse's \"Rehab\" video when seeing the bathroom scene and viewed the ending as a","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641560","text":"Los Angeles, California, which was streamed across over thirty websites owned by MTV Networks. Dressed in a cut-out leotard that and black, leather pants, Cyrus single-handedly roamed throughout the stage to perform the song. Cyrus embarked on a European promotional tour for the single in October 2010. On November 6, 2010, Cyrus performed the track at on the German television program \"Wetten, dass..?\". On November 7, 2010, Cyrus performed \"Who Owns My Heart\" at the 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards at the Caja Mágica in Madrid, Spain. The performance featured elaborate costuming that had Cyrus bearing white bodysuit with a","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641553","text":"tracks from \"Can't Be Tamed\", despite containing a \"cheesy ABBA-worthy chorus\". Jon Caramanica of \"The New York Times\" also perceived the song to be \"in the vein of Cascada\" and one of the most \"exciting\" on \"Can't Be Tamed\". He said it was a sound \"Ms. Cyrus hasn’t previously shown any affinity for and may never again. Still, it’s a timely and sharp sound.\" On the week ending November 27, 2010, \"Who Owns My Heart\" debuted and peaked at number 76 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles, its only week on the chart. The song debuted at number 35 on","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641549","text":"one to believe. Cyrus depicted the club scene to be very sexy, which she thought was primarily composed by the music playing and intense lighting, and thought that it might trigger fake emotions with the person one is dancing with. She stated, \"If you're out, dancing at a club, the way the whole vibe is [...] Do you actually like the person you're dancing with or is just the whole ambiance of what's going on?\" \"Who Owns My Heart\" is an electropop song with a length of three minutes and 35 seconds. It is an uptempo and predominantly club-oriented number","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641557","text":"Cut-scenes feature Cyrus in all prior scenes or dancing with others in the mansion's study. The video concludes with Cyrus back in her bedroom, once again waking up. The video for \"Who Owns My Heart\" was premiered in MSN Spain on October 8, 2010. Jocelyn Vena of MTV News said, \"There comes a time in every pop princess' career when she must throw a sexy dance party and proclaim her womanhood. Back in 2001 Britney Spears did as much in 'I'm a Slave 4 U,' and this week, Miley Cyrus is doing the same in the video for her club-ready","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"14641559","text":"relief. Tim Winter, president of the Parents Television Council, criticized the video for its suggestiveness and sexual elements. Winter continued, \"It is unfortunate that she would participate in such a sexualized video like this one. It sends messages to her fanbase that are diametrically opposed to everything she has done up to this point. Miley built her fame and fortune entirely on the backs of young girls, and it saddens us that she seems so eager to distance herself from that fanbase so rapidly.\" Cyrus first performed \"Who Owns My Heart\" at a concert at the House of Blues in","title":"Who Owns My Heart"},{"psg_id":"4058487","text":"won the Benson & Hedges Cup, the Challenge Cup, the league championship and the playoffs. The players who played for the Steelers those seasons were: Goaltenders Defenders Forwards Goaltenders Defenders Forwards \"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against\" Sheffield Steelers Sheffield Steelers is a professional ice hockey team located in Sheffield, England. It was formed in 1991 (see 1991 in sport) and plays its home games at the FlyDSA Arena. It is currently a member of the Elite","title":"Sheffield Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995563","text":"has held a controlling interest in the club for almost its entire history. Since its founding the team has captured six league championships and competed in more than a thousand games. In the Steelers became the first NFL team to capture six Super Bowl titles. Currently the club is fourth in total NFL Championships behind the Packers (13), Bears (9), and Giants (8). Eighteen Steelers players, coaches or administrators have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Art Rooney, who was born and raised in the Pittsburgh area, was an exceptional all-around athlete. Rooney was recruited to play","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"313742","text":"large, widespread fanbase nicknamed Steeler Nation. The Steelers currently play their home games at Heinz Field on Pittsburgh's North Side in the North Shore neighborhood, which also hosts the University of Pittsburgh Panthers. Built in 2001, the stadium replaced Three Rivers Stadium which hosted the Steelers for 31 seasons. Prior to Three Rivers, the Steelers had played their games in Pitt Stadium and Forbes Field. The Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL first took to the field as the Pittsburgh Pirates on September 20, 1933, losing 23–2 to the New York Giants. Through the 1930s, the Pirates never finished higher than","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"11238964","text":"Bengals–Steelers rivalry The Bengals–Steelers rivalry is an NFL rivalry between the Cincinnati Bengals and the Pittsburgh Steelers. The two teams have played each other twice a year since becoming division rivals in 1970. Originally placed in the AFC Central following the AFL–NFL merger, the two teams currently compete in that division's successor, the AFC North. The Steelers lead the overall series, 63–35. The two teams met twice in the postseason, with the Steelers winning both games after the 2005 and 2015 seasons. Prior to 1970, the Steelers were members of the NFL and the Bengals were part of the AFL.","title":"Bengals–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"11238977","text":"\"You're next.\" Bengals–Steelers rivalry The Bengals–Steelers rivalry is an NFL rivalry between the Cincinnati Bengals and the Pittsburgh Steelers. The two teams have played each other twice a year since becoming division rivals in 1970. Originally placed in the AFC Central following the AFL–NFL merger, the two teams currently compete in that division's successor, the AFC North. The Steelers lead the overall series, 63–35. The two teams met twice in the postseason, with the Steelers winning both games after the 2005 and 2015 seasons. Prior to 1970, the Steelers were members of the NFL and the Bengals were part of","title":"Bengals–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"19222525","text":"advanced to the finals against the Portsmouth Dreadnoughts and lost 18-14 securing second place in the Division. A number of the Steelers Women have represented the GB Lions since their inception. In conjunction with the Birmingham Bulls and the Birmingham Lions, the Steelers field a junior team in national competition. They field their own youth team in the regional under-17s league, and currently play in the Midlands division. They were entered into competition in 2016, but failed to complete their season. The Steelers play their home games at the Tipton Sports Academy, a multi-purpose sports stadium with a 2,000 capacity,","title":"Sandwell Steelers"},{"psg_id":"3487938","text":"(currently named WIN Stadium). The ground for many years was also named Steelers Stadium, which many still affectionately call the ground. The Steelers record attendance in Wollongong was against St. George on 21 May 1993 at 17,527. The lowest crowd record was against Cronulla on 6 July 1985 at 3,433. The Illawarra sides in lower grades still the play the bulk of home games at WIN Stadium. On rare occasions, the Illawarra Cutters move home games to WIN Jubilee Oval to coincide with NRL fixtures and to also other venues on the South Coast. The Illawarra Steelers still field teams","title":"Illawarra Steelers"},{"psg_id":"4058473","text":"Sheffield Steelers Sheffield Steelers is a professional ice hockey team located in Sheffield, England. It was formed in 1991 (see 1991 in sport) and plays its home games at the FlyDSA Arena. It is currently a member of the Elite Ice Hockey League. The club's main (title) sponsor is Sheffield Window Centre. Ice Hockey existed in amateur form in Sheffield, but the sport began its return to an era of arenas and stadium size crowds with the opening of the Sheffield Arena in 1991 and the creation of the Sheffield Steelers — the ice hockey team that was to occupy","title":"Sheffield Steelers"},{"psg_id":"14383346","text":"then defeated the Steelers in 2012 by a 27–24 margin in overtime and again in 2016 by a 35–30 margin. Cowboys–Steelers rivalry The Cowboys–Steelers rivalry is a rivalry in the NFL. The Cowboys currently lead the all-time series 17–15. As the two teams met in the Super Bowl 3 times and play in different conferences (In which the Dallas Cowboys are in the NFC East and the Pittsburgh Steelers are in the AFC North), they only meet once every 4 regular seasons and occasionally in the preseason. Western Pennsylvania with the Pittsburgh Tri-State area (including parts of Northern West Virginia","title":"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"6995661","text":"Steelers called timeout so the field goal did not count. Nedney's second try went wide right, but the Steelers were called for running into the kicker on Dewayne Washington. The third try was good and officially counted as the game winner, but over protests by Bill Cowher who thought he called another timeout first. The 34–31 loss was another disappointing end to the season for the Steelers. 2003 was an overall disappointment. Due to injuries on the offensive line, and Maddox's previous success in the passing game, the Steelers strayed from their typical run-heavy offense. However, Maddox threw only 18","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"10732046","text":"sack. Bradshaw suffered a neck injury from the play, and the footage of the sack has since become immortalized in NFL Films as part of the rivalry. While the two exchanged victories in the '70s and '80s, by the 1990s the Steelers became the dominant team in the rivalry. Since the Browns' last series sweep in 1988, the Steelers have an overwhelming 39–11 mark against the Browns, enough that in 2007 the Steelers took over the lead in the all-time series (which they currently lead at 72–58) for the first time. During most of this time, Bill Cowher was head","title":"Browns–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"6995666","text":"field goal 11:04 into the extra period to win the game, 20–17. The Steelers were back in the AFC Championship, once again in Pittsburgh, for a rematch with the Patriots. New England went out to a big lead early after two first-quarter turnovers by the Steelers. In the second quarter, Rodney Harrison intercepted Roethlisberger (who had three picks overall) and returned it for a touchdown. The Steelers showed some signs of life in the third quarter, but it was not enough. The Patriots, another dynasty team that has been compared with the 1970s Steelers, won 41–27. This defeat marked the","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"16668346","text":"19–7 Oilers victory in the first-ever NFL game at Three Rivers Stadium. The two teams met again four weeks later at the Astrodome in Houston, a 7–3 Steelers victory. The opening season win would be the only time the Oilers would be ahead in the overall series; the series would be tied again in 1971, but since then the Steelers have had the overall series lead, currently at 43–31 in the regular season. At 78 meetings overall, the Oilers/Titans franchise has played the Steelers more than any other team in its history. The rivalry didn't initially pick up steam, as","title":"Steelers–Titans rivalry"},{"psg_id":"14383321","text":"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry The Cowboys–Steelers rivalry is a rivalry in the NFL. The Cowboys currently lead the all-time series 17–15. As the two teams met in the Super Bowl 3 times and play in different conferences (In which the Dallas Cowboys are in the NFC East and the Pittsburgh Steelers are in the AFC North), they only meet once every 4 regular seasons and occasionally in the preseason. Western Pennsylvania with the Pittsburgh Tri-State area (including parts of Northern West Virginia and Eastern Ohio) and the entire state of Texas are known to be football hotbeds at all levels. High school","title":"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"4058484","text":"were retired on 21 January 2003 at a challenge match against the Dundee Stars, with Ron Shudra's number 26 retired in summer 2009. Tommy Plommer's number 11 has also been retired. Eight people who have been associated with the Steelers have been inducted to the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame. Alex Dampier, who coached the Steelers from January 1993 to the end of the 1997–98 season, was inducted in 1995 and Mike Blaisdell, who coached and occasionally iced for the Steelers between 1999 and 2004, was inducted in 2004. On the player front, Chris Kelland was inducted in 2002,","title":"Sheffield Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995612","text":"Pittsburgh suffered through yet two more losing seasons before a 6–6 campaign in 1957 in the first season for coach Buddy Parker. 1957 saw one other highlight, the hiring of the NFL's first African American coach, Lowell Perry as the Steelers receivers coach. Early in the 1958 season the Steelers traded for quarterback Bobby Layne, who led the Detroit Lions to two NFL championships. The results were immediate, with the Steelers posting a winning record (7–4–1) for the first time in nine years – though they were still two games out of a playoff spot. 1958 also saw the first","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995617","text":"Namath, who became stars in the American Football League. The Steelers never signed the Beaver Falls natives, either. They did sign another future Hall-of-Famer, Ohio native Len Dawson, but would let him go as well, before he began a great career with the Kansas City Chiefs. Jack Kemp, a Los Angeles native, was also on the Steelers' roster before being cut. Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995615","text":"but in a hotly contested Eastern Division, that only allowed the Steelers a 4th-place showing. Ernie Stautner retired after the season. 1963 also resulted in a change of venue for the Steelers, who split their home schedule between Forbes Field and Pitt Stadium, moving exclusively to Pitt in 1964. The next few years were total disasters for the Steelers. Another 1,000-yard season for John Henry Johnson was the only bright spot in a lackluster 1964 season that ended in a 5–9 record. Another retirement stung the team, this one of coach Buddy Parker. The wheels totally fell off in 1965,","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"11238967","text":"The Steelers would also win six straight games from 1974–1977. One bright spot for the Bengals occurred in their 1979 meeting in Cincinnati. The Bengals, who were 0–6 entering the game, forced nine Steelers turnovers on their way to a 34–10 blowout win over the Steelers. On October 12, 1980, the Bengals defeated the Steelers 17–16 at Three Rivers Stadium, snapping the Steelers' 18-game home winning streak and their undefeated 10–0 record at home against the Bengals. This game, along with an earlier Bengals' win in Cincinnati, were the only two losses for the then-4–2 Steelers, as they eventually finished","title":"Bengals–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"313775","text":"in the Orange Bowl and lost three Super Bowl games (once to the Baltimore Colts and twice to the Steelers). Between the Cowboys and Steelers, Super Bowl XIII had the greatest number of future Pro Football Hall of Fame players participating, which as of 2010 numbered 20 – 14 players and six coaches/front office, including Ernie Stautner, defensive coordinator for the Cowboys who was a HoF defensive tackle for the Steelers. The teams featured an all-star matchup at quarterback between the Steelers' Terry Bradshaw and the Cowboys' Roger Staubach, both of whom are in the Hall of Fame. In ,","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"4058476","text":"and Pittsburgh are considered sister cities. The Sheffield Steelers were the first ever fully professional ice hockey team in Great Britain, and O'Brien suggested that there was a lot of resentment from the followers of other hockey teams who saw them as a \"cheque book hockey club\" able to buy whoever they chose. Likewise, Sluyter questions the authenticity of the majority of Steelers fans in the club's early days. Sluyter suggested hockey fans of teams like Cardiff, Fife and Nottingham were ice hockey fans first and foremost, while Steelers' supporters were only Steelers fans, and knew very little of ice","title":"Sheffield Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995624","text":"the AFC Championship the following week, the Steelers lost 21-17 to the \"perfect\" Miami Dolphins, who finished the season 17–0. It was a disappointing finish, but it started a run of eight straight playoff appearances. Arguably the most defining and memorable play in the history of the NFL, the Immaculate Reception thrust the Steelers into its glory years of the '70s. After an 8–1 start in 1973, a losing streak late in the season cost the Steelers several home games during the playoffs, and they lost a tiebreaker to the Cincinnati Bengals for first place in the division at 10–4.","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995641","text":"a wild card playoff spot. In the wild-card playoff game against the Houston Oilers, the Steelers staged a desperate fourth-quarter comeback to win 26–23 in overtime on a 50-yard field goal by Gary Anderson. The game cost Houston coach Jerry Glanville his job. However, in their divisional game against the Denver Broncos, it was John Elway who staged the last-minute comeback and the Steelers went home with a 24–23 loss. Defensive back Rod Woodson, in his third season, made the first of seven consecutive Pro Bowls. The Steelers finished 9–7 in 1990 led by the No. 1 defense in the","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"313796","text":"also can claim the most honorees of any franchise founded on or after and the only franchise with three members of ownership in the Hall. The following Steelers players have been named to the Pro Bowl: The following Steelers were named to NFL All-Decade Teams (and 75th Anniversary All-Time Team selected in 1994). Only those who spent time with Pittsburgh during the respective decades are listed. In , in celebration of the franchise's 75th season, the team announced an updated All-Time team of the 33 best players who have ever played for the Steelers. This team supplanted the previous All-Time","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"14383344","text":"Super Bowl champions, while the Steelers behind their \"Blitzburgh\" defense was the favorite to win the AFC. However, the favored Steelers were upset by the San Diego Chargers 17–13 while the San Francisco 49ers, who had lost in the NFC Championship game the previous two years to the Cowboys, beat the Cowboys 38–28. Fans would only have to wait another year for Cowboys–Steelers III in the Super Bowl, as both teams advanced to Super Bowl XXX. Like the previous two matchups, the game was close, but this time favored the Cowboys, who won 27–17 after Steelers quarterback Neil O'Donnell threw","title":"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"6995586","text":"1940 season, a prize with a value of about five dollars ($ today). Among them were Joe Santoni, a local restaurateur, who received a pair of season tickets as a prize, and Margaret Elizabeth the girlfriend (and eventual wife) of the team's business manager, The first entrant who suggested \"Steelers\" was Arnold Goldberg, who was sports editor for the \"Evening Standard\" of Other suggestions were Wahoos, Condors, Pioneers, Triangles, Bridgers, Buckaroos, and Yankees, along with such steel-centric possibilities as the Millers, Vulcans, Tubers, Smokers, Rollers, Ingots, and Puddlers. Kiesling continued as coach in . The Steelers started the season at","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"10732045","text":"although the team did lose its rivalry with the cross-state Philadelphia Eagles as a result. Although they play in the same state as the Browns, like the Browns, the Bengals currently view the Steelers as their biggest rival. However, in the 1970s the Steelers had begun to even the playing field with the Browns, led by head coach Chuck Noll, a Cleveland native and former Browns linebacker. By then, the rivalry between the two clubs was more hostile and personal, as evident in the 1976 matchup at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, when Joe \"Turkey\" Jones tackled Terry Bradshaw with a pile-driving","title":"Browns–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"12917331","text":"the Ravens beat the Steelers 26–6 at M&T Bank Stadium, which marked the first time since 2011 that the Steelers did not score a touchdown in a game. In Week 9, the Steelers defeated the Ravens 43–23 at Heinz Field. Unlike the typical, close games of the rivalry, each team had beaten the other by 20 points at their respective home fields in the regular season. At halftime during the Week 9 game, the Steelers retired Jersey No. 75 in honor of defensive tackle Joe Greene, who had helped lead the legendary \"Steel Curtain\" defense of the 1970s. Though the","title":"Ravens–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"10732041","text":"suburb of Pittsburgh. Former Browns head coach Marty Schottenheimer is a native of Pittsburgh area suburb Canonsburg, along with his brother Kurt Schottenheimer, who was the Browns special teams coach from 1987–88. Another Browns head coach, Bud Carson also had as his hometown a northern suburb of Pittsburgh and was a longtime Steelers coordinator under Chuck Noll. Steelers Hall of Famer Jack Lambert is a native Ohioan and attended Kent State University, as did Akron, Ohio native James Harrison. Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger hails from Findlay, Ohio. Former punter Chris Gardocki played for three years for the Steelers, including the","title":"Browns–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"3487934","text":"owed the NRL. The name \"Steelers\" was chosen in reference to the local Port Kembla Steelworks, which was the Illawarra region's largest employer. (BHP, who owned the steelworks, eventually sponsored the team for most of their existence.) Other names considered were \"Lions\" and \"Steelies\". The actual 'Steelers' name came after a competition was run to choose a name. The original Steelers jersey was all scarlet with two white stripes on each sleeve. The alternate design was the same colours in reverse. The club kept this design until 1997, adding a third stripe on each sleeve and three hoops around the","title":"Illawarra Steelers"},{"psg_id":"10481443","text":"achieved 2nd place and Aldo was named Coach of the Year that season. Recognizing that within current times, the Steelers had outgrown Trout Lake, Louis Szendrei moved the team to Britannia Community Centre. The larger ice and much improved fan accommodation improved the spirits of the fans and players. Over time, players would be more eager to come and try out for the Steelers, who it is understood have always had management with a player concern attitude and the best of coaching. Starting the 2007-2008 season the Steelers changed hands from Louis and Yvonne Szendrei to Mike and Sandy Moscone","title":"Grandview Steelers"},{"psg_id":"313798","text":"Their first coach was Forrest Douds, who coached them to a 3–6–2 record in 1933. Chuck Noll had the longest term as head coach with the Steelers; he is one of only four coaches to coach a single NFL team for 23 years. Hired prior to the 2007 season, the Steelers current coach is Mike Tomlin. Source: Source: As of 2006, the Steelers' flagship radio stations were WDVE 102.5 FM and WBGG 970 AM. Both stations are owned by iHeartMedia. Games are also available on 51 radio stations in Pennsylvania, Western Maryland, Ohio, and Northern West Virginia. The announcers are","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995682","text":"the win, not only did the Steelers end their season at 8–8, but they also wiped out any hope that the Bengals had of reaching the playoffs. The 2007 Pittsburgh Steelers season saw the team improve upon their 8–8 record from 2006, finish with a record of 10–6, and win the AFC North Division. The season marked the 75th anniversary of the Steelers franchise.The Steelers' 2007 schedule included two notable playoff rematches. The Steelers played the New England Patriots December 9 for the first time in the regular season since 2005, when they lost at home on a last-second Adam","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995683","text":"Vinatieri field goal 23–20. The 34–13 loss was also the Steelers' first visit to Foxboro, Massachusetts since 2002. The Steelers defeated the Seattle Seahawks 21–0 in week 5 on October 7, the teams' first meeting since the Steelers' 21–10 victory in Super Bowl XL 20 months earlier. The week 5 match was the Steelers' and Seahawks' first meeting in Pittsburgh since 1999 as well as the Seahawks' first-ever visit to Heinz Field. Another notable game occurred December 20 when the Steelers defeated the St. Louis Rams, 41–24, for their first-ever road win over the Cleveland/Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams (1–9–1). It","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995685","text":"The Steelers also drafted Rashard Mendenhall, running back from Illinois, with the 23rd overall pick in the 2008 NFL Draft as well as top wide receiver prospect Limas Sweed of Texas with the 53rd overall pick. With injury to Willie Parker and uncertainty about his future production, Mendenhall was drafted to be the next Steelers running back of the future. The regular season went well with the team winning twelve games and losing four, all to strong opponents, with their only losses going to the Philadelphia Eagles, the New York Giants, the Indianapolis Colts, and the Tennessee Titans (who had","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995596","text":"because the owners were hesitant to offer a binding contract to a coach due to the specter of the country possibly entering the war. Kiesling, who had led the Steelers the previous season, was retained as Bell's assistant. The Steelers began the season with two straight losses, after which Rooney tried to convince Bell to step down as coach. Bell agreed to do so only if Rooney could convince Buff Donelli to take over the reins. Donelli, however, already held the head coaching position at Duquesne University, for which he was under contract for another full season. Donelli and Rooney","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995646","text":"to dominate when the numbers were crunched: O'Donnell passed for 349 yards to Stan Humphries' 165, and had a nearly 2–1 edge in time of possession. But they gave up a 13–3 lead in the 3rd quarter when Alfred Pupunu and Tony Martin caught touchdowns of 43 yards each, and it was the Chargers who advanced to Super Bowl XXIX, by the score of 17–13. The 1994 Steelers finished their disappointing season three yards away from their first Super Bowl appearance since 1980 as an O'Donnell pass to Foster was batted down. This play epitomized the Steelers' season – incomplete.","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995669","text":"he was hit on his left knee by the helmet of Chargers rookie lineman Luis Castillo. So Tommy Maddox was named starter for their home game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Steelers struggled throughout the game, as Maddox threw two interceptions through regulation, but they managed to tie at 17 going into OT. Maddox threw an interception to Jags DB Rashean Mathis, who returned it 41 yards for a touchdown, as the Steelers fell, 23–17. Maddox's off-field arguments with head coach Bill Cowher cost him his No. 1 back-up spot. Roethlisberger was able to play in their next road game","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995639","text":"division title. Among the nine victories, the Steelers handed San Francisco its only loss of the season, en route to an impressive 18 win season and Super Bowl championship. In the divisional playoff against the Denver Broncos, the Steelers came back in the fourth quarter to win 24–17, but they lost the AFC Championship to Dan Marino (the Pittsburgh native whom the Steelers passed up in the 1983 Draft) and the Dolphins, 45–28. Despite career seasons from Lipps and Pollard, the Steelers' 1985 campaign collapsed in December, with them losing four of their last five to finish at 7–9. In","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995701","text":"Browns handed the Steelers the worst defeat in their history, 51–0 in Week 1 in 1989. The Raiders were frequent opponents of the Steelers during the 1970s playoffs, with Pittsburgh facing the Raiders five consecutive times in the playoffs (1972 (Steelers win), 1973 (L), 1974 (W), 1975 (W), 1976 (L)) that decade. This gave the two teams an unusual familiarity with the other despite being in separate divisions in that decade. The Raiders and Steelers have met one additional time in the playoffs (1983 (L)) for a current record of 3-3 in the postseason. Pittsburgh and Dallas first met in","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995626","text":"in the AFC playoffs, the Steelers met the Minnesota Vikings in New Orleans for Super Bowl IX. The game was a defensive struggle: the only scoring in the first half was a safety scored by the Steelers when Minnesota quarterback Fran Tarkenton was sacked in the end zone. In the second half, the Steelers scored a touchdown after a fumbled kickoff and clinched it with a late Larry Brown touchdown. The Steelers won 16–6, and had finally earned a championship after 42 years of futility. The team had an even better 1975 season. Pittsburgh ran off an 11-game winning streak","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995599","text":"flourished. In early November Donelli faced a dilemma: Duquesne was scheduled to play Saint Mary's College of California on the same weekend the Steelers had a contest in Philadelphia. Layden ordered Donelli to appear on the sidelines in Philly. Donelli chose to stick with the undefeated college squad, and stepped down as head coach of the winless Steelers. The Steelers' coaching position was once more handed over to Kiesling. In Kiesling's second game of this second stint as the Steelers' leader, he led the team to a victory over Jock Sutherland's Brooklyn Dodgers. This would be the only victory in","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"313804","text":"2016 by donating $1 million. The Foundation, started by Steelers president Art Rooney II, focuses on education and research regarding brain injuries and sports-related concussions. In June 2017, the Steelers announced an inaugural charity walk to raise money for the foundation. Pittsburgh Steelers The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in , the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC. In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"313773","text":"the 27–24 loss cost the Steelers another playoff run. The teams met at Pittsburgh in , where the Steelers blew out the Raiders 35–3, and ended their 3-game winning streak; the game was further notable for a punch thrown by Richard Seymour of the Raiders against Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger. The Raiders then hosted the Steelers in 2012 and erased a 31–21 gap to win 34–31. The two clubs met again in 2013 and the Raiders won again, 21–18. In 2015, the Steelers defeated the Raiders 38–35 at Heinz Field. The Steelers trail the all-time series 16–13 (13–10 in regular","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995704","text":"the most of any team against the Steelers. The record as of the end of the 2013 season, is 3-4 in favor of Denver. The rivalry with the New England Patriots is relatively recent. The two clubs met thirteen times 1972–95 with the Steelers winning ten, including five in a row. But in 1996 the two met in the playoffs for the first time and the rivalry changed, as the Patriots defeated the Steelers 28–3 in the AFC Divisional Playoffs in January 1997. The next year the Steelers edged New England in overtime 24–21 and won in the divisional round","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995609","text":"just the second the Steelers had enjoyed. They missed the playoffs and disbanded into separate franchises immediately upon the season's end. In 1944 they merged with the Chicago Cardinals and were known as \"Card-Pitt\" and informally known as the \"Car-Pitts\" or \"Carpets.\" They went winless through the season. The Steelers went solo again for the 1945 season and went 2–8. Dudley was back from the war by the 1946 season and became league MVP. The rest of team did no better as the Steelers stumbled down the stretch and finished 5–5–1. The Steelers made the playoffs for the first time","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995705","text":"7–6. Since then, however, the Patriots have won five of seven regular-season meetings and two AFC Championship Game matchups, both at Heinz Field. 2004 was the most recent season the two teams met twice in the season; Pittsburgh ended New England's 21-game winning streak in a 34–20 rout and surged to a 15–1 regular season, but in the AFC Championship the Steelers were crushed 41–27 by the Patriots. History of the Pittsburgh Steelers This article details the history of the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Steelers are an American football franchise representing Pittsburgh. They are the seventh-oldest club in the National Football","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995647","text":"AFC Championship collapses, unfortunately for the Steelers, would become a hallmark of the Cowher era. The Steelers' 1995 campaign was no less dominant. Foster left the team, but Erric Pegram (picked up from the Atlanta Falcons) made up for it with an 800-yard season. Yancey Thigpen amassed 1,307 receiving yards and Willie Williams had seven interceptions. The Steelers' 11–5 record once again won them the division and a first-round bye. As in 1994, the Steelers dominated in the divisional playoff (a 40–21 win over the Buffalo Bills), but the cinderella Indianapolis Colts put up a fight in the AFC championship.","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995698","text":"Brady and the New England Patriots. In a spectacular defensive effort, in which Pittsburgh held Brady to a season-low 198 yards passing, the Steelers beat the Patriots 25–17. Then after a disappointing home loss to Baltimore, the Steelers went to Cincinnati and won their first AFC North division battle of the year, 24–17. After a bye, the Steelers came out flat once again in Kansas City, but managed to beat the Chiefs 13–9. They regrouped and routed the Bengals at home 35–7 the following week. The Steelers traveled to Denver at 12-4 to face the 8-8 Broncos, who'd lost their","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995684","text":"was the two teams' first-ever meeting in St. Louis, a city the Steelers last visited in 1979 (a 24–21 win over the then-St. Louis Cardinals at Busch Memorial Stadium). Six players from the Steelers were selected to play in the 2007 Pro Bowl. Two started, two were selected to the reserve squad, and two did not play due to injury. Entering the 2008 season, the Pittsburgh Steelers lost Alan Faneca, after his contract expired and he signed with the New York Jets. The Steelers also signed quarterback Ben Roethlisberger to an eight-year, $102 million contract, the largest in franchise history.","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995616","text":"when the team finished at a league-worst 2–12. Over the next four years, the Steelers never finished higher than 5–8–1 (1966), with the team using eight quarterbacks between 1965 and 1969. Indicative of the Steelers' struggles is the fact that Western Pennsylvania has long been an area producing fine quarterbacks, but the Steelers had never managed to keep them. Unitas was a native of Pittsburgh, making his later success even more jarring to Steeler fans. George Blanda came from the Pittsburgh area, but the Steelers never signed him. The nearby town of Beaver Falls produced Babe Parilli and later Joe","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995650","text":"had drafted Kordell Stewart in 1995, but he remained a backup through the 1996 season. Mike Tomczak received the starting duties. The Steelers also traded for running back Jerome Bettis from the St. Louis Rams, who ran for 1,400 yards in his first year in the Steel City. A late-season decline was hurting the Steelers Super Bowl chances, but their 10–6 record still won them the division. Pittsburgh won their wild-card playoff game handily (42–14 over the Colts), but lost just as handily, 28–3, to the New England Patriots in the divisional playoff. Stewart was given the starting quarterback job","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6995640","text":"1986, Malone took over the QB job by himself and Earnest Jackson (who came off back-to-back 1000-yard seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles) was added to the offensive backfield, but the team fared no better, at 6–10. An 8–7 record in 1987 was not enough to save Malone's job in Pittsburgh. Bubby Brister became the Steelers' new starting quarterback. The 1988 season was the worst for the Steelers in twenty years, with a 5–11 record. Mike Webster was cut during the offseason. The 1989 team also got rough start, but won five of their last six to finish 9–7, enough for","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"14145391","text":"held on the following dates: The team's 80-man roster at the start of training camp looked like this: The Steelers preseason schedule was announced on March 31, 2010. Per the NFL's predetermined scheduling formula, the Steelers played every team in the AFC East and NFC South, the teams from the AFC South and West who finished in the same position as the Steelers in 2009 (third), and their usual AFC North division rivals. The Steelers played a Sunday night game on October 31 against the defending Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints in a game which conflicted with game four","title":"2010 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11218759","text":"their starting quarterback, Ken Anderson who was nursing a broken finger. Steelers running back Franco Harris busted through the Bengals 3–4 defense for a 37-yard gain on the game's first offensive play. Five plays later, Rocky Bleier scored on a 5-yard run and the Steelers never looked back. The Steelers didn't punt for the first time until the end of the third quarter and they dominated statistically. Center Mike Webster noted, \"From the first play on, everything worked.\" The Steelers players were beginning to feel that the team might be once again approaching the level of the Super Bowl teams.","title":"1978 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11158279","text":"losing record at home until 1999. As a result of their 1–13 records, Art Rooney of the Steelers won a coin toss with George Halas of the Bears to determine who would select Louisiana Tech quarterback Terry Bradshaw (the consensus number 1 selection among league teams) with the number one pick in the 1970 draft. By modern NFL tiebreaking rules, the Steelers would have automatically been given the first pick anyway, as the Bears' one win came against the Steelers in Week 8. In the 1969 offseason, the Steelers hired former defensive coordinator Chuck Noll from the Baltimore Colts days","title":"1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11644220","text":"1940 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1940 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the team's 8th in the National Football League. It was also the first season in which the team was known as the Pittsburgh Steelers, and not the copycat The 1940 team was led by head coach Walt Kiesling in his first full season as the head coach. Kiesling's assistant coaches were Wilbur \"Bill\" Sortet and Hank Bruder, who both also played. They held training camp at St. Francis College in Loretto, Pennsylvania. In the 1940 NFL Draft the Steelers continued their pattern of trading away high picks when they dealt","title":"1940 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11293901","text":"1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1952 Pittsburgh Steelers finished 5–7 under head coach Joe Bach, who returned to the organization replacing John Michelosen. The season was notable in that it was the last year the Steelers used the single-wing formation on offense, switching to the T formation the following year. The Steelers were the last NFL team to use the single-wing as their primary offensive formation. \"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\" Scoring drives: \"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\" Scoring drives: \"at Shibe Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\" 'Scoring drives: \"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\" Scoring drives: \"at Comiskey Park, Chicago, Illinois\" Scoring","title":"1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11291479","text":"member of the Steelers, who would acquire Bettis in a draft day trade with the Rams three years later. 1993 was also the season in which the Steelers began their policy of \"blacking out\" regular season contract negotiations. Early in the season the Steelers had reached contract extensions with Rod Woodson and Barry Foster and continued negotiations with other players. However, this led to discord in the locker room, and management felt that contract talk was taking the team's focus off of winning. At mid-season the Steelers broke off all contract negotiations, and have refused to negotiate contracts during the","title":"1993 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11218754","text":"than the team had in the past. Bills quarterback Joe Ferguson, who was coming off a knee injury suffered in the pre-season, struggled with just three completions and 20 yards on ten passing attempts before being pulled from the game. Meanwhile, the Steelers scored two second-quarter touchdowns, the first coming on a throw from Terry Bradshaw to John Stallworth. Stallworth caught three passes of twenty yards or longer in the Steelers first two possessions. The Steelers second score came on a one-yard plunge by Franco Harris. When the Steelers scored again on a Sidney Thornton rush at the start of","title":"1978 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11241108","text":"loss to New Orleans since 1969 in what was the Steelers’ final game in the NFL before moving to the AFC as part of the AFL-NFL merger. Former Steelers linebacker Dennis Winston played for the Saints in this game. It was also a homecoming for Lipps, who played at nearby East St. John High School. The Steelers tied the game in the fourth yet fell in overtime, all despite intercepting Warren Moon three times. The Steelers sacked John Elway four times and picked him off twice. Dan Marino threw four touchdowns and over 400 yards, outdueling Mark Malone’s 312 yards","title":"1984 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11158297","text":"Scoring Drives: Earl Gros, a Louisiana native who played at LSU, ran for 3 touchdowns but the Steelers blew a 14-point lead to a Saints team that had not been in existence four years earlier. The Steelers did not return to New Orleans until 1974, when they defeated the Saints in the regular season, then ousted the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IX seven weeks later. 1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season constitutes what many consider to be the turning point of this once-moribund franchise. 1969 was the first season for Hall of Fame head coach Chuck","title":"1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"12917321","text":"secondary market for the Ravens, and so WHP-TV must show all Ravens road games (if played on Sunday afternoon). The Steelers also have a significant fan base in the area, so when the Ravens are at home, the Steelers are shown instead. The Harrisburg area also has a significant fan base for the Philadelphia Eagles, who also have Harrisburg as a secondary market (but are in the NFC as opposed to the Ravens and Steelers being in the AFC, and so the Fox affiliate usually shows the Eagles). The Colts had a number of fans in Harrisburg as well during","title":"Ravens–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"12855034","text":"from the Steelers' 39 with 2:27 remaining. An apparent interception thrown by Roethlisberger was negated by an \"illegal block in the back\" penalty and the Steelers ran out the clock, securing the win. The win not only prevented Baltimore from clinching a wild card, but kept Pittsburgh's playoff hopes alive as well. They would need to win at Miami in their season finale and also need other teams to lose. With the win, the Steelers moved to 8–7. The Steelers' defense averted a fourth-quarter collapse while sending two of Miami's quarterbacks to the sideline, including third-string Pat White, who was","title":"2009 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11637529","text":"1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the club's ninth as a member of the National Football League (NFL). In the offseason, the team had been sold and then re-acquired (more or less) in a bizarre series of transactions which has come to be referred to as the \"\". The roster consisted of many players who had played for the Philadelphia Eagles the previous year, who joined the Steelers as a result of the moves. Bert Bell became half-owner of the team and he named himself the head coach. After starting the season with two straight losses,","title":"1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11637531","text":"Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\" Scoring Drives: \"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\" Scoring Drives: \"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\" Scoring Drives: \"at Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York\" Scoring Drives: 1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the club's ninth as a member of the National Football League (NFL). In the offseason, the team had been sold and then re-acquired (more or less) in a bizarre series of transactions which has come to be referred to as the \"\". The roster consisted of many players who had played for the Philadelphia Eagles the previous year, who joined the Steelers as","title":"1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"11218742","text":"season. Holmes, Edwards and Frank Lewis had all lost their starting jobs. None of the moves brought the Steelers a player who had a significant impact on the team in 1978. The Frank Lewis trade was a complete flop for the Steelers. Paul Seymour failed his physical when the Steelers learned he'd had surgery on both arches within the past five months. His rehabilitation from the surgery was not complete and he was unable to run. Seymour was returned to the Bills who released him, and the two teams failed to work out any other compensation for Lewis. Lewis was","title":"1978 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"313739","text":"Pittsburgh Steelers The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in , the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC. In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the pre-merger NFL, where they were the oldest team never to win a league championship, the Steelers of the post-merger (modern) era are one of the most successful NFL franchises. Pittsburgh has won more Super Bowl titles (6) and both played in","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"10481439","text":"Grandview Steelers The Grandview Steelers are a junior \"B\" ice hockey team based in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Tom Shaw Conference of the Pacific Junior Hockey League (PJHL). The Steelers play their home games at Burnaby Winter Club. Aldo Bruno is the team's Vice-president and general manager. Stevan Matic is the team's head coach. The Steelers joined the league in 1967 as an original WCJHL team. In its PJHL history, the team has won the Cyclone Taylor Cup twice, in 1994 and 2008. The Steelers have won the PJHL Championship twice, in 1994 and 2008.","title":"Grandview Steelers"},{"psg_id":"3487940","text":"and more popular of other Leagues Clubs in Wollongong such as Collegians, The Builders Club, Wests Illawarra and Illawarra Leagues, and also Shellharbour Workers Club in Shellharbour. In 2006 the Illawarra Steelers celebrated their 25th anniversary and named a \"Team of Steel\", including the best players of the club's history. Including players from the Illawarra Steelers that have represented while at the club and the years they achieved their honours, if known. The Illawarra Steelers average attendances from their entry into the competition in 1982 were: Illawarra Steelers The Illawarra Steelers are an Australian Rugby league football club based in","title":"Illawarra Steelers"},{"psg_id":"3487928","text":"merging with in the 1980s) and Cronulla both expressed interest in talking with Illawarra but Steelers CEO Bob Millward claimed that the club's preferred partner was St George. The Illawarra Steelers produced some brilliant playing talent, most notably International representatives Rod Wishart and Paul McGregor. Former Steelers players Trent Barrett, Shaun Timmins and Craig Fitzgibbon have gone on to represent their country since the Steelers' final stand-alone season in 1998. The Illawarra Steelers decided to form a joint venture with the St. George Dragons for the 1999 NRL season to form the St. George Illawarra Dragons. The Illawarra and St","title":"Illawarra Steelers"},{"psg_id":"11343667","text":"14 consecutive home wins on Monday Night Football. The Steelers' matchup with the Jacksonville Jaguars—their first since the Jaguars knocked the Steelers out of the —was featured as the Pro Football Hall of Fame's \"Throwback Game of the Week\". On the Steelers opening drive, Roethlisberger—who missed practice time during the week due to injections for his shoulder—was intercepted by Rashean Mathis who returned the ball 72 yards for a touchdown. Pittsburgh responded by driving 71 yards, with Heath Miller receiving a 1-yard touchdown pass to tie the game. Jacksonville re-gained the lead on the next drive when Maurice Jones-Drew ran","title":"2008 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"12855018","text":"Ryan Succop made a 22-yard field goal. With the overtime loss, the Steelers fell to 6–4. Following a shocking loss to the 3–7 Kansas City Chiefs the previous week, the Steelers traveled to M&T Bank Stadium for another divisional game. Ben Roethlisberger, who suffered a concussion in the previous week's overtime loss, was the designated 3rd (emergency) quarterback. Backup Charlie Batch also was hurt in that game, which left 2nd-year QB Dennis Dixon, who previously had one pass in his NFL career, to start. The Steelers received the opening kickoff, but went three-and-out. On the ensuing possession, the Ravens drove","title":"2009 Pittsburgh Steelers season"},{"psg_id":"313774","text":"season). In their last matchup, the Raiders defeated the Steelers in Oakland 24–21 on December 9, 2018. The Cowboys–Steelers rivalry started with the Cowboys' first game as a franchise in (against the Steelers) at the Cotton Bowl with the Steelers coming away with a 35–28 victory. These teams hold a record for the most times (three) that two teams have met in a Super Bowl. The first two times the favored Steelers and Cowboys met came with Pittsburgh victories in the Orange Bowl Super Bowl X 21–17 and Super Bowl XIII 35–31. The Cowboys never won a regular season game","title":"Pittsburgh Steelers"},{"psg_id":"6989211","text":"the Tree That Owns Itself began with the \"Weekly Banner\" article, or if it had been an element of local folklore prior to that time. The article's author writes that, in 1890, there were few people still living who knew the story. The story of the Tree That Owns Itself is very widely known, and is almost always presented as fact. However, only one person—the anonymous author of \"Deeded to Itself\"—has ever claimed to have seen Jackson's deed to the tree. Most writers acknowledge that the deed is lost or no longer exists, if in fact it ever did. Such","title":"Tree That Owns Itself"},{"psg_id":"6995594","text":"and Bell's Eagles went to Pittsburgh, where they became the Steelers, while Thompson's Iron Men moved to Philadelphia, where they took on the Eagles moniker. This was described at the time as \"one of the most unusual swaps in sports history\". In fact, though the Pittsburgh team played as the Steelers, they operated under the name the \"Philadelphia Eagles Football Club, Inc.\" for the next several years. Because the entire strange turn of events all took place during the off-season and the Steelers never actually missed a game in Pittsburgh, the NFL considers the Rooney reign unbroken. The transaction, which","title":"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17790386\",\n \"text\": \"Who Owns the Future? Who Owns the Future? is a book by Jaron Lanier, published in 2013. Lanier posits that the middle class is increasingly disenfranchised from online economies. By convincing users to give away valuable information about themselves in exchange for free services, firms can accrue large amounts of data at virtually no cost. Lanier calls these firms \\\"Siren Servers,\\\" alluding to the Sirens of Ulysses. Instead of paying each individual for their contribution to the data pool, the Siren Servers concentrate wealth in the hands of the few who control the data centers. For example, he points to\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns the Future?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17790388\",\n \"text\": \"York Times\\\" said: Hiawatha Bray from the \\\"Boston Globe\\\" said: Peter Lawler commented: \\\"The Guardian\\\" said: \\\"The Economist\\\" commented: \\\"The Independent\\\" said: \\\"Columbia Journalism Review\\\": \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\" said: The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" noted: The \\\"New York Times\\\" commented: The \\\"Washington Post\\\" review said: In a somewhat critical review, Evan Hughes of \\\"The New Republic\\\" commented: Who Owns the Future? Who Owns the Future? is a book by Jaron Lanier, published in 2013. Lanier posits that the middle class is increasingly disenfranchised from online economies. By convincing users to give away valuable information about themselves in exchange for free services,\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns the Future?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19544573\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Latvian parliamentary election was attorney Aldis Gobzems. KPV LV received the second largest number of votes (14.25%) among the parties participating in the 2018 Latvian parliamentary election and earned 16 seats in the 13th Saeima. After Jānis Bordāns of New Conservative Party (which also earned 16 seats in parliament) was unsuccessful in negotiating a governing coalition, President Raimonds Vējonis nominated Gobzems as Prime Minister of Latvia on November 26th, 2018, however Gobzems was also unsuccessful in forming a government and on December 10 Vējonis withdrew his candidacy. Who owns the state? Who owns the state? or Whom does the\",\n \"title\": \"Who owns the state?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19544571\",\n \"text\": \"Who owns the state? Who owns the state? or Whom does the country belong to? () is a populist and anti-establishment party in Latvia. It was founded by former Latvian Association of Regions deputy of the Saeima, and since December 2015 independent politician, Artuss Kaimiņš. Initially known as just KPV, it was renamed to KPV LV on June 21, 2016, as an association by the same name already existed. In July 2018, the party experienced a steep rise in ratings, reaching 7.0%, in comparison with 4.4% just a month before, and became the third most popular political party in Latvia.\",\n \"title\": \"Who owns the state?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641552\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Channel who went on about violating your godliness.\\\" Evan Sawdey of PopMatters also found an alternate answer to the song's chorus. \\\"It’s commerce that owns your heart, Miley, and it always has been\\\", he wrote. Mikael Wood of \\\"Billboard\\\" compared \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" to 2010 singles released by The Black Eyed Peas. Nick Levine of Digital Spy said it was a post-GaGa Hi-NRG track inclined to the generic. However, he said lyrical references were a large reminder Cyrus sung the track. Ed Masley of \\\"The Arizona Republic\\\" deemed \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" to be one of the best\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641561\",\n \"text\": \"turtle neck while female dancers in lingerie and male dancers in suits, chiropractically challenging dance routines, and symbolism. Cyrus explained, The song was the closing number of Cyrus' Gypsy Heart Tour. Who Owns My Heart \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus for her third studio album \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\" (2010). The song was written by Cyrus, Antonina Armato, Tim James and Devrim Karaoglu, and produced by Armato and James. \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" was released on October 22, 2010 by Hollywood Records as the second and final single from Cyrus' third studio album \\\"Can't\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641546\",\n \"text\": \"Who Owns My Heart \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus for her third studio album \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\" (2010). The song was written by Cyrus, Antonina Armato, Tim James and Devrim Karaoglu, and produced by Armato and James. \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" was released on October 22, 2010 by Hollywood Records as the second and final single from Cyrus' third studio album \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\" only in selected European countries. It would become her final overall release with Hollywood Records after signing with RCA Records in 2013. The song was written about the feelings\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641554\",\n \"text\": \"the Austrian Singles Chart, on the week ending November 19, 2010. The following week, \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" descended to number 50 and, later, number 54 before completely falling from the chart. On the week ending November 22, 2010, \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" debuted and peaked at number 24 on the German Singles Chart. In the succeeding week, the song dropped to number 39. The track continued to descend in positions until spending its last week on the German Singles Chart on the week ending January 10, 2011. The song spent a total of seven weeks on the chart. \\\"Who\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641550\",\n \"text\": \"that is inspired by 1980s music. The song is set in common time and has a driving dance tempo of 136 beats per minute. It is written in the key of A minor and Cyrus' vocals span two octaves, from G to C. It follows the chord progression Am–F–Dm–E. \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" is heavy in rubbery and bubbling disco synths. Keyboard riffs also drive the song's instrumentation. Lyrically, \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" speaks of the thrill of meeting a potential love interest on the dance floor. Verses and the bridge describe the setting using comparisons to numerous things, including\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641555\",\n \"text\": \"Owns My Heart\\\" also charted on the Belgian Tip Singles Chart (Flanders) and the Slovakian Airplay Singles Chart, peaking at number two and 35, respectively. The music video for \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" was directed by Robert Hales, who previously directed the video for \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\", and filmed on November 6 and 7, 2010 at the Meadow Brook Hall in Rochester Hills, Michigan. The video commences with Cyrus asleep, blindfolded on a mattress in a bedroom. She awakens and writhes on the mattress. Following, Cyrus proceeds to a bathroom, her attire is composed of a white tank top, white\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641551\",\n \"text\": \"tsunamis and rodeos. The song's refrains proceed to question, \\\"Who owns my heart? Is it love or is it art?\\\" Tanner Stransky of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" stated, \\\"This song is a pulsy, possibly club-ready jam that deserves single status.\\\" Heather Phares of Allmusic used \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" as an example of, according to her, a recurring problem on \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\": \\\"too often, Cyrus equates grown-up with joyless\\\". Alexis Petridis of the United Kingdom magazine \\\"The Guardian\\\" felt the song was a gamely attempt at Lady Gaga. He said the chorus invites the answer: \\\"probably that creepy bloke from the\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641548\",\n \"text\": \"charted in Austria, Germany, and Slovakia. A corresponding music video for \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" was directed by Robert Hales. It follows Cyrus throughout preparing herself for, arriving, and dancing at a mansion party. The video received criticism from the Parents Television Council for its sexual elements. It resulted in a commercial failure, as no promotion was planned. The song was written by Cyrus in collaboration with Antonina Armato, Tim James, and Devrim Karaoglu. Cyrus described it as a \\\"total dance track\\\" with a cool concept. \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" was written about the feelings a club's environment can lead\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641547\",\n \"text\": \"a club's environment can lead someone to believe. \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" is musically club-oriented and driven by synths. Lyrically, the song speaks of meeting a potential love interest at a nightclub. The song garnered mixed reception from music critics. Some critics argued it was dull and faceless, while other deemed it one of the best tracks on \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\". \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" failed to become a commercial success, unlike its predecessor \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\". It managed to perform moderately in Dutch-speaking, European territories, its highest international peak being achieved in Belgium (Flanders), at number two. It also\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313802\",\n \"text\": \"Myron Cope, who served as a Steelers radio color commentator for 35 seasons (–). Several former Steelers players have gone on to careers in media after completing their playing careers. The \\\"Steelers Digest\\\" is the only official newspaper for the Pittsburgh Steelers. It has been published for 22 years and is currently published by Dolphin/Curtis Publishing in Miami, Florida, which also handles several other publications. The newspaper is very widely acknowledged by Steelers fans. Issues are mailed out to paying subscribers weekly through the season after every regular season game and continues through playoffs as long as the Steelers do.\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313801\",\n \"text\": \"locally on WTAE-TV, channel 4. (WTAE-TV is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which owns a 20% stake in ESPN.) By virtue of being members of the AFC, most of the Steelers' games air on CBS and KDKA. \\\"NBC Sunday Night Football\\\" games are carried by WPXI, channel 11, in the market. The Steelers hold a national contract with Grupo Imagen for radio rights to their games in Mexico; Imagen broadcasts the Steelers on their stations in 17 Mexican cities. The Steelers franchise has a rich history of producing well-known sportscasters over the years. The most famous of these is probably\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11236656\",\n \"text\": \"head coaching career in the NFL—a record Cowher still co-owns with Brown, as the Steelers missed the playoffs the following year. The Steelers had 572 rushing attempts in 1997, the most in the 1990s. Their 2,479 total rushing yards were the third-most of the decade by any team. The Steelers went into the season introducing a new font style numbers on jerseys matching the ones they wear on the helmets and the Steelers logo patch on uniform which remains used as of 2017. The Steelers would host the AFC Championship Game for the third time in four years; however, they\",\n \"title\": \"1997 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641558\",\n \"text\": \"track 'Who Owns My Heart.'\\\" Tanner Stransky of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" assumed the theme of the video were the divergent hairstyles, but acclaimed the video for its fun. Stransky said the sultry aspect of the video added to its frothy, \\\"thumpa-thumpa deliciousness\\\". Edith Zimmerman of \\\"New York\\\" magazine viewed it as \\\"awkward\\\". Megan Vick of \\\"Billboard\\\" thought the video followed the same steps as the video for \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\" — dark lighting, lots of bare Cyrus parts and writhing around on flat surfaces. Vick recalled Amy Winehouse's \\\"Rehab\\\" video when seeing the bathroom scene and viewed the ending as a\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641560\",\n \"text\": \"Los Angeles, California, which was streamed across over thirty websites owned by MTV Networks. Dressed in a cut-out leotard that and black, leather pants, Cyrus single-handedly roamed throughout the stage to perform the song. Cyrus embarked on a European promotional tour for the single in October 2010. On November 6, 2010, Cyrus performed the track at on the German television program \\\"Wetten, dass..?\\\". On November 7, 2010, Cyrus performed \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" at the 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards at the Caja Mágica in Madrid, Spain. The performance featured elaborate costuming that had Cyrus bearing white bodysuit with a\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641553\",\n \"text\": \"tracks from \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\", despite containing a \\\"cheesy ABBA-worthy chorus\\\". Jon Caramanica of \\\"The New York Times\\\" also perceived the song to be \\\"in the vein of Cascada\\\" and one of the most \\\"exciting\\\" on \\\"Can't Be Tamed\\\". He said it was a sound \\\"Ms. Cyrus hasn’t previously shown any affinity for and may never again. Still, it’s a timely and sharp sound.\\\" On the week ending November 27, 2010, \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" debuted and peaked at number 76 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles, its only week on the chart. The song debuted at number 35 on\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641549\",\n \"text\": \"one to believe. Cyrus depicted the club scene to be very sexy, which she thought was primarily composed by the music playing and intense lighting, and thought that it might trigger fake emotions with the person one is dancing with. She stated, \\\"If you're out, dancing at a club, the way the whole vibe is [...] Do you actually like the person you're dancing with or is just the whole ambiance of what's going on?\\\" \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" is an electropop song with a length of three minutes and 35 seconds. It is an uptempo and predominantly club-oriented number\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641557\",\n \"text\": \"Cut-scenes feature Cyrus in all prior scenes or dancing with others in the mansion's study. The video concludes with Cyrus back in her bedroom, once again waking up. The video for \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" was premiered in MSN Spain on October 8, 2010. Jocelyn Vena of MTV News said, \\\"There comes a time in every pop princess' career when she must throw a sexy dance party and proclaim her womanhood. Back in 2001 Britney Spears did as much in 'I'm a Slave 4 U,' and this week, Miley Cyrus is doing the same in the video for her club-ready\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14641559\",\n \"text\": \"relief. Tim Winter, president of the Parents Television Council, criticized the video for its suggestiveness and sexual elements. Winter continued, \\\"It is unfortunate that she would participate in such a sexualized video like this one. It sends messages to her fanbase that are diametrically opposed to everything she has done up to this point. Miley built her fame and fortune entirely on the backs of young girls, and it saddens us that she seems so eager to distance herself from that fanbase so rapidly.\\\" Cyrus first performed \\\"Who Owns My Heart\\\" at a concert at the House of Blues in\",\n \"title\": \"Who Owns My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4058487\",\n \"text\": \"won the Benson & Hedges Cup, the Challenge Cup, the league championship and the playoffs. The players who played for the Steelers those seasons were: Goaltenders Defenders Forwards Goaltenders Defenders Forwards \\\"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against\\\" Sheffield Steelers Sheffield Steelers is a professional ice hockey team located in Sheffield, England. It was formed in 1991 (see 1991 in sport) and plays its home games at the FlyDSA Arena. It is currently a member of the Elite\",\n \"title\": \"Sheffield Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995563\",\n \"text\": \"has held a controlling interest in the club for almost its entire history. Since its founding the team has captured six league championships and competed in more than a thousand games. In the Steelers became the first NFL team to capture six Super Bowl titles. Currently the club is fourth in total NFL Championships behind the Packers (13), Bears (9), and Giants (8). Eighteen Steelers players, coaches or administrators have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Art Rooney, who was born and raised in the Pittsburgh area, was an exceptional all-around athlete. Rooney was recruited to play\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313742\",\n \"text\": \"large, widespread fanbase nicknamed Steeler Nation. The Steelers currently play their home games at Heinz Field on Pittsburgh's North Side in the North Shore neighborhood, which also hosts the University of Pittsburgh Panthers. Built in 2001, the stadium replaced Three Rivers Stadium which hosted the Steelers for 31 seasons. Prior to Three Rivers, the Steelers had played their games in Pitt Stadium and Forbes Field. The Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL first took to the field as the Pittsburgh Pirates on September 20, 1933, losing 23–2 to the New York Giants. Through the 1930s, the Pirates never finished higher than\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11238964\",\n \"text\": \"Bengals–Steelers rivalry The Bengals–Steelers rivalry is an NFL rivalry between the Cincinnati Bengals and the Pittsburgh Steelers. The two teams have played each other twice a year since becoming division rivals in 1970. Originally placed in the AFC Central following the AFL–NFL merger, the two teams currently compete in that division's successor, the AFC North. The Steelers lead the overall series, 63–35. The two teams met twice in the postseason, with the Steelers winning both games after the 2005 and 2015 seasons. Prior to 1970, the Steelers were members of the NFL and the Bengals were part of the AFL.\",\n \"title\": \"Bengals–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11238977\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"You're next.\\\" Bengals–Steelers rivalry The Bengals–Steelers rivalry is an NFL rivalry between the Cincinnati Bengals and the Pittsburgh Steelers. The two teams have played each other twice a year since becoming division rivals in 1970. Originally placed in the AFC Central following the AFL–NFL merger, the two teams currently compete in that division's successor, the AFC North. The Steelers lead the overall series, 63–35. The two teams met twice in the postseason, with the Steelers winning both games after the 2005 and 2015 seasons. Prior to 1970, the Steelers were members of the NFL and the Bengals were part of\",\n \"title\": \"Bengals–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19222525\",\n \"text\": \"advanced to the finals against the Portsmouth Dreadnoughts and lost 18-14 securing second place in the Division. A number of the Steelers Women have represented the GB Lions since their inception. In conjunction with the Birmingham Bulls and the Birmingham Lions, the Steelers field a junior team in national competition. They field their own youth team in the regional under-17s league, and currently play in the Midlands division. They were entered into competition in 2016, but failed to complete their season. The Steelers play their home games at the Tipton Sports Academy, a multi-purpose sports stadium with a 2,000 capacity,\",\n \"title\": \"Sandwell Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3487938\",\n \"text\": \"(currently named WIN Stadium). The ground for many years was also named Steelers Stadium, which many still affectionately call the ground. The Steelers record attendance in Wollongong was against St. George on 21 May 1993 at 17,527. The lowest crowd record was against Cronulla on 6 July 1985 at 3,433. The Illawarra sides in lower grades still the play the bulk of home games at WIN Stadium. On rare occasions, the Illawarra Cutters move home games to WIN Jubilee Oval to coincide with NRL fixtures and to also other venues on the South Coast. The Illawarra Steelers still field teams\",\n \"title\": \"Illawarra Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4058473\",\n \"text\": \"Sheffield Steelers Sheffield Steelers is a professional ice hockey team located in Sheffield, England. It was formed in 1991 (see 1991 in sport) and plays its home games at the FlyDSA Arena. It is currently a member of the Elite Ice Hockey League. The club's main (title) sponsor is Sheffield Window Centre. Ice Hockey existed in amateur form in Sheffield, but the sport began its return to an era of arenas and stadium size crowds with the opening of the Sheffield Arena in 1991 and the creation of the Sheffield Steelers — the ice hockey team that was to occupy\",\n \"title\": \"Sheffield Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14383346\",\n \"text\": \"then defeated the Steelers in 2012 by a 27–24 margin in overtime and again in 2016 by a 35–30 margin. Cowboys–Steelers rivalry The Cowboys–Steelers rivalry is a rivalry in the NFL. The Cowboys currently lead the all-time series 17–15. As the two teams met in the Super Bowl 3 times and play in different conferences (In which the Dallas Cowboys are in the NFC East and the Pittsburgh Steelers are in the AFC North), they only meet once every 4 regular seasons and occasionally in the preseason. Western Pennsylvania with the Pittsburgh Tri-State area (including parts of Northern West Virginia\",\n \"title\": \"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995661\",\n \"text\": \"Steelers called timeout so the field goal did not count. Nedney's second try went wide right, but the Steelers were called for running into the kicker on Dewayne Washington. The third try was good and officially counted as the game winner, but over protests by Bill Cowher who thought he called another timeout first. The 34–31 loss was another disappointing end to the season for the Steelers. 2003 was an overall disappointment. Due to injuries on the offensive line, and Maddox's previous success in the passing game, the Steelers strayed from their typical run-heavy offense. However, Maddox threw only 18\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10732046\",\n \"text\": \"sack. Bradshaw suffered a neck injury from the play, and the footage of the sack has since become immortalized in NFL Films as part of the rivalry. While the two exchanged victories in the '70s and '80s, by the 1990s the Steelers became the dominant team in the rivalry. Since the Browns' last series sweep in 1988, the Steelers have an overwhelming 39–11 mark against the Browns, enough that in 2007 the Steelers took over the lead in the all-time series (which they currently lead at 72–58) for the first time. During most of this time, Bill Cowher was head\",\n \"title\": \"Browns–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995666\",\n \"text\": \"field goal 11:04 into the extra period to win the game, 20–17. The Steelers were back in the AFC Championship, once again in Pittsburgh, for a rematch with the Patriots. New England went out to a big lead early after two first-quarter turnovers by the Steelers. In the second quarter, Rodney Harrison intercepted Roethlisberger (who had three picks overall) and returned it for a touchdown. The Steelers showed some signs of life in the third quarter, but it was not enough. The Patriots, another dynasty team that has been compared with the 1970s Steelers, won 41–27. This defeat marked the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16668346\",\n \"text\": \"19–7 Oilers victory in the first-ever NFL game at Three Rivers Stadium. The two teams met again four weeks later at the Astrodome in Houston, a 7–3 Steelers victory. The opening season win would be the only time the Oilers would be ahead in the overall series; the series would be tied again in 1971, but since then the Steelers have had the overall series lead, currently at 43–31 in the regular season. At 78 meetings overall, the Oilers/Titans franchise has played the Steelers more than any other team in its history. The rivalry didn't initially pick up steam, as\",\n \"title\": \"Steelers–Titans rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14383321\",\n \"text\": \"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry The Cowboys–Steelers rivalry is a rivalry in the NFL. The Cowboys currently lead the all-time series 17–15. As the two teams met in the Super Bowl 3 times and play in different conferences (In which the Dallas Cowboys are in the NFC East and the Pittsburgh Steelers are in the AFC North), they only meet once every 4 regular seasons and occasionally in the preseason. Western Pennsylvania with the Pittsburgh Tri-State area (including parts of Northern West Virginia and Eastern Ohio) and the entire state of Texas are known to be football hotbeds at all levels. High school\",\n \"title\": \"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4058484\",\n \"text\": \"were retired on 21 January 2003 at a challenge match against the Dundee Stars, with Ron Shudra's number 26 retired in summer 2009. Tommy Plommer's number 11 has also been retired. Eight people who have been associated with the Steelers have been inducted to the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame. Alex Dampier, who coached the Steelers from January 1993 to the end of the 1997–98 season, was inducted in 1995 and Mike Blaisdell, who coached and occasionally iced for the Steelers between 1999 and 2004, was inducted in 2004. On the player front, Chris Kelland was inducted in 2002,\",\n \"title\": \"Sheffield Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995612\",\n \"text\": \"Pittsburgh suffered through yet two more losing seasons before a 6–6 campaign in 1957 in the first season for coach Buddy Parker. 1957 saw one other highlight, the hiring of the NFL's first African American coach, Lowell Perry as the Steelers receivers coach. Early in the 1958 season the Steelers traded for quarterback Bobby Layne, who led the Detroit Lions to two NFL championships. The results were immediate, with the Steelers posting a winning record (7–4–1) for the first time in nine years – though they were still two games out of a playoff spot. 1958 also saw the first\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995617\",\n \"text\": \"Namath, who became stars in the American Football League. The Steelers never signed the Beaver Falls natives, either. They did sign another future Hall-of-Famer, Ohio native Len Dawson, but would let him go as well, before he began a great career with the Kansas City Chiefs. Jack Kemp, a Los Angeles native, was also on the Steelers' roster before being cut. Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995615\",\n \"text\": \"but in a hotly contested Eastern Division, that only allowed the Steelers a 4th-place showing. Ernie Stautner retired after the season. 1963 also resulted in a change of venue for the Steelers, who split their home schedule between Forbes Field and Pitt Stadium, moving exclusively to Pitt in 1964. The next few years were total disasters for the Steelers. Another 1,000-yard season for John Henry Johnson was the only bright spot in a lackluster 1964 season that ended in a 5–9 record. Another retirement stung the team, this one of coach Buddy Parker. The wheels totally fell off in 1965,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11238967\",\n \"text\": \"The Steelers would also win six straight games from 1974–1977. One bright spot for the Bengals occurred in their 1979 meeting in Cincinnati. The Bengals, who were 0–6 entering the game, forced nine Steelers turnovers on their way to a 34–10 blowout win over the Steelers. On October 12, 1980, the Bengals defeated the Steelers 17–16 at Three Rivers Stadium, snapping the Steelers' 18-game home winning streak and their undefeated 10–0 record at home against the Bengals. This game, along with an earlier Bengals' win in Cincinnati, were the only two losses for the then-4–2 Steelers, as they eventually finished\",\n \"title\": \"Bengals–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313775\",\n \"text\": \"in the Orange Bowl and lost three Super Bowl games (once to the Baltimore Colts and twice to the Steelers). Between the Cowboys and Steelers, Super Bowl XIII had the greatest number of future Pro Football Hall of Fame players participating, which as of 2010 numbered 20 – 14 players and six coaches/front office, including Ernie Stautner, defensive coordinator for the Cowboys who was a HoF defensive tackle for the Steelers. The teams featured an all-star matchup at quarterback between the Steelers' Terry Bradshaw and the Cowboys' Roger Staubach, both of whom are in the Hall of Fame. In ,\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4058476\",\n \"text\": \"and Pittsburgh are considered sister cities. The Sheffield Steelers were the first ever fully professional ice hockey team in Great Britain, and O'Brien suggested that there was a lot of resentment from the followers of other hockey teams who saw them as a \\\"cheque book hockey club\\\" able to buy whoever they chose. Likewise, Sluyter questions the authenticity of the majority of Steelers fans in the club's early days. Sluyter suggested hockey fans of teams like Cardiff, Fife and Nottingham were ice hockey fans first and foremost, while Steelers' supporters were only Steelers fans, and knew very little of ice\",\n \"title\": \"Sheffield Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995624\",\n \"text\": \"the AFC Championship the following week, the Steelers lost 21-17 to the \\\"perfect\\\" Miami Dolphins, who finished the season 17–0. It was a disappointing finish, but it started a run of eight straight playoff appearances. Arguably the most defining and memorable play in the history of the NFL, the Immaculate Reception thrust the Steelers into its glory years of the '70s. After an 8–1 start in 1973, a losing streak late in the season cost the Steelers several home games during the playoffs, and they lost a tiebreaker to the Cincinnati Bengals for first place in the division at 10–4.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995641\",\n \"text\": \"a wild card playoff spot. In the wild-card playoff game against the Houston Oilers, the Steelers staged a desperate fourth-quarter comeback to win 26–23 in overtime on a 50-yard field goal by Gary Anderson. The game cost Houston coach Jerry Glanville his job. However, in their divisional game against the Denver Broncos, it was John Elway who staged the last-minute comeback and the Steelers went home with a 24–23 loss. Defensive back Rod Woodson, in his third season, made the first of seven consecutive Pro Bowls. The Steelers finished 9–7 in 1990 led by the No. 1 defense in the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313796\",\n \"text\": \"also can claim the most honorees of any franchise founded on or after and the only franchise with three members of ownership in the Hall. The following Steelers players have been named to the Pro Bowl: The following Steelers were named to NFL All-Decade Teams (and 75th Anniversary All-Time Team selected in 1994). Only those who spent time with Pittsburgh during the respective decades are listed. In , in celebration of the franchise's 75th season, the team announced an updated All-Time team of the 33 best players who have ever played for the Steelers. This team supplanted the previous All-Time\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14383344\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl champions, while the Steelers behind their \\\"Blitzburgh\\\" defense was the favorite to win the AFC. However, the favored Steelers were upset by the San Diego Chargers 17–13 while the San Francisco 49ers, who had lost in the NFC Championship game the previous two years to the Cowboys, beat the Cowboys 38–28. Fans would only have to wait another year for Cowboys–Steelers III in the Super Bowl, as both teams advanced to Super Bowl XXX. Like the previous two matchups, the game was close, but this time favored the Cowboys, who won 27–17 after Steelers quarterback Neil O'Donnell threw\",\n \"title\": \"Cowboys–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995586\",\n \"text\": \"1940 season, a prize with a value of about five dollars ($ today). Among them were Joe Santoni, a local restaurateur, who received a pair of season tickets as a prize, and Margaret Elizabeth the girlfriend (and eventual wife) of the team's business manager, The first entrant who suggested \\\"Steelers\\\" was Arnold Goldberg, who was sports editor for the \\\"Evening Standard\\\" of Other suggestions were Wahoos, Condors, Pioneers, Triangles, Bridgers, Buckaroos, and Yankees, along with such steel-centric possibilities as the Millers, Vulcans, Tubers, Smokers, Rollers, Ingots, and Puddlers. Kiesling continued as coach in . The Steelers started the season at\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10732045\",\n \"text\": \"although the team did lose its rivalry with the cross-state Philadelphia Eagles as a result. Although they play in the same state as the Browns, like the Browns, the Bengals currently view the Steelers as their biggest rival. However, in the 1970s the Steelers had begun to even the playing field with the Browns, led by head coach Chuck Noll, a Cleveland native and former Browns linebacker. By then, the rivalry between the two clubs was more hostile and personal, as evident in the 1976 matchup at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, when Joe \\\"Turkey\\\" Jones tackled Terry Bradshaw with a pile-driving\",\n \"title\": \"Browns–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12917331\",\n \"text\": \"the Ravens beat the Steelers 26–6 at M&T Bank Stadium, which marked the first time since 2011 that the Steelers did not score a touchdown in a game. In Week 9, the Steelers defeated the Ravens 43–23 at Heinz Field. Unlike the typical, close games of the rivalry, each team had beaten the other by 20 points at their respective home fields in the regular season. At halftime during the Week 9 game, the Steelers retired Jersey No. 75 in honor of defensive tackle Joe Greene, who had helped lead the legendary \\\"Steel Curtain\\\" defense of the 1970s. Though the\",\n \"title\": \"Ravens–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10732041\",\n \"text\": \"suburb of Pittsburgh. Former Browns head coach Marty Schottenheimer is a native of Pittsburgh area suburb Canonsburg, along with his brother Kurt Schottenheimer, who was the Browns special teams coach from 1987–88. Another Browns head coach, Bud Carson also had as his hometown a northern suburb of Pittsburgh and was a longtime Steelers coordinator under Chuck Noll. Steelers Hall of Famer Jack Lambert is a native Ohioan and attended Kent State University, as did Akron, Ohio native James Harrison. Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger hails from Findlay, Ohio. Former punter Chris Gardocki played for three years for the Steelers, including the\",\n \"title\": \"Browns–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3487934\",\n \"text\": \"owed the NRL. The name \\\"Steelers\\\" was chosen in reference to the local Port Kembla Steelworks, which was the Illawarra region's largest employer. (BHP, who owned the steelworks, eventually sponsored the team for most of their existence.) Other names considered were \\\"Lions\\\" and \\\"Steelies\\\". The actual 'Steelers' name came after a competition was run to choose a name. The original Steelers jersey was all scarlet with two white stripes on each sleeve. The alternate design was the same colours in reverse. The club kept this design until 1997, adding a third stripe on each sleeve and three hoops around the\",\n \"title\": \"Illawarra Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10481443\",\n \"text\": \"achieved 2nd place and Aldo was named Coach of the Year that season. Recognizing that within current times, the Steelers had outgrown Trout Lake, Louis Szendrei moved the team to Britannia Community Centre. The larger ice and much improved fan accommodation improved the spirits of the fans and players. Over time, players would be more eager to come and try out for the Steelers, who it is understood have always had management with a player concern attitude and the best of coaching. Starting the 2007-2008 season the Steelers changed hands from Louis and Yvonne Szendrei to Mike and Sandy Moscone\",\n \"title\": \"Grandview Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313798\",\n \"text\": \"Their first coach was Forrest Douds, who coached them to a 3–6–2 record in 1933. Chuck Noll had the longest term as head coach with the Steelers; he is one of only four coaches to coach a single NFL team for 23 years. Hired prior to the 2007 season, the Steelers current coach is Mike Tomlin. Source: Source: As of 2006, the Steelers' flagship radio stations were WDVE 102.5 FM and WBGG 970 AM. Both stations are owned by iHeartMedia. Games are also available on 51 radio stations in Pennsylvania, Western Maryland, Ohio, and Northern West Virginia. The announcers are\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995682\",\n \"text\": \"the win, not only did the Steelers end their season at 8–8, but they also wiped out any hope that the Bengals had of reaching the playoffs. The 2007 Pittsburgh Steelers season saw the team improve upon their 8–8 record from 2006, finish with a record of 10–6, and win the AFC North Division. The season marked the 75th anniversary of the Steelers franchise.The Steelers' 2007 schedule included two notable playoff rematches. The Steelers played the New England Patriots December 9 for the first time in the regular season since 2005, when they lost at home on a last-second Adam\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995683\",\n \"text\": \"Vinatieri field goal 23–20. The 34–13 loss was also the Steelers' first visit to Foxboro, Massachusetts since 2002. The Steelers defeated the Seattle Seahawks 21–0 in week 5 on October 7, the teams' first meeting since the Steelers' 21–10 victory in Super Bowl XL 20 months earlier. The week 5 match was the Steelers' and Seahawks' first meeting in Pittsburgh since 1999 as well as the Seahawks' first-ever visit to Heinz Field. Another notable game occurred December 20 when the Steelers defeated the St. Louis Rams, 41–24, for their first-ever road win over the Cleveland/Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams (1–9–1). It\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995685\",\n \"text\": \"The Steelers also drafted Rashard Mendenhall, running back from Illinois, with the 23rd overall pick in the 2008 NFL Draft as well as top wide receiver prospect Limas Sweed of Texas with the 53rd overall pick. With injury to Willie Parker and uncertainty about his future production, Mendenhall was drafted to be the next Steelers running back of the future. The regular season went well with the team winning twelve games and losing four, all to strong opponents, with their only losses going to the Philadelphia Eagles, the New York Giants, the Indianapolis Colts, and the Tennessee Titans (who had\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995596\",\n \"text\": \"because the owners were hesitant to offer a binding contract to a coach due to the specter of the country possibly entering the war. Kiesling, who had led the Steelers the previous season, was retained as Bell's assistant. The Steelers began the season with two straight losses, after which Rooney tried to convince Bell to step down as coach. Bell agreed to do so only if Rooney could convince Buff Donelli to take over the reins. Donelli, however, already held the head coaching position at Duquesne University, for which he was under contract for another full season. Donelli and Rooney\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995646\",\n \"text\": \"to dominate when the numbers were crunched: O'Donnell passed for 349 yards to Stan Humphries' 165, and had a nearly 2–1 edge in time of possession. But they gave up a 13–3 lead in the 3rd quarter when Alfred Pupunu and Tony Martin caught touchdowns of 43 yards each, and it was the Chargers who advanced to Super Bowl XXIX, by the score of 17–13. The 1994 Steelers finished their disappointing season three yards away from their first Super Bowl appearance since 1980 as an O'Donnell pass to Foster was batted down. This play epitomized the Steelers' season – incomplete.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995669\",\n \"text\": \"he was hit on his left knee by the helmet of Chargers rookie lineman Luis Castillo. So Tommy Maddox was named starter for their home game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Steelers struggled throughout the game, as Maddox threw two interceptions through regulation, but they managed to tie at 17 going into OT. Maddox threw an interception to Jags DB Rashean Mathis, who returned it 41 yards for a touchdown, as the Steelers fell, 23–17. Maddox's off-field arguments with head coach Bill Cowher cost him his No. 1 back-up spot. Roethlisberger was able to play in their next road game\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995639\",\n \"text\": \"division title. Among the nine victories, the Steelers handed San Francisco its only loss of the season, en route to an impressive 18 win season and Super Bowl championship. In the divisional playoff against the Denver Broncos, the Steelers came back in the fourth quarter to win 24–17, but they lost the AFC Championship to Dan Marino (the Pittsburgh native whom the Steelers passed up in the 1983 Draft) and the Dolphins, 45–28. Despite career seasons from Lipps and Pollard, the Steelers' 1985 campaign collapsed in December, with them losing four of their last five to finish at 7–9. In\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995701\",\n \"text\": \"Browns handed the Steelers the worst defeat in their history, 51–0 in Week 1 in 1989. The Raiders were frequent opponents of the Steelers during the 1970s playoffs, with Pittsburgh facing the Raiders five consecutive times in the playoffs (1972 (Steelers win), 1973 (L), 1974 (W), 1975 (W), 1976 (L)) that decade. This gave the two teams an unusual familiarity with the other despite being in separate divisions in that decade. The Raiders and Steelers have met one additional time in the playoffs (1983 (L)) for a current record of 3-3 in the postseason. Pittsburgh and Dallas first met in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995626\",\n \"text\": \"in the AFC playoffs, the Steelers met the Minnesota Vikings in New Orleans for Super Bowl IX. The game was a defensive struggle: the only scoring in the first half was a safety scored by the Steelers when Minnesota quarterback Fran Tarkenton was sacked in the end zone. In the second half, the Steelers scored a touchdown after a fumbled kickoff and clinched it with a late Larry Brown touchdown. The Steelers won 16–6, and had finally earned a championship after 42 years of futility. The team had an even better 1975 season. Pittsburgh ran off an 11-game winning streak\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995599\",\n \"text\": \"flourished. In early November Donelli faced a dilemma: Duquesne was scheduled to play Saint Mary's College of California on the same weekend the Steelers had a contest in Philadelphia. Layden ordered Donelli to appear on the sidelines in Philly. Donelli chose to stick with the undefeated college squad, and stepped down as head coach of the winless Steelers. The Steelers' coaching position was once more handed over to Kiesling. In Kiesling's second game of this second stint as the Steelers' leader, he led the team to a victory over Jock Sutherland's Brooklyn Dodgers. This would be the only victory in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313804\",\n \"text\": \"2016 by donating $1 million. The Foundation, started by Steelers president Art Rooney II, focuses on education and research regarding brain injuries and sports-related concussions. In June 2017, the Steelers announced an inaugural charity walk to raise money for the foundation. Pittsburgh Steelers The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in , the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC. In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313773\",\n \"text\": \"the 27–24 loss cost the Steelers another playoff run. The teams met at Pittsburgh in , where the Steelers blew out the Raiders 35–3, and ended their 3-game winning streak; the game was further notable for a punch thrown by Richard Seymour of the Raiders against Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger. The Raiders then hosted the Steelers in 2012 and erased a 31–21 gap to win 34–31. The two clubs met again in 2013 and the Raiders won again, 21–18. In 2015, the Steelers defeated the Raiders 38–35 at Heinz Field. The Steelers trail the all-time series 16–13 (13–10 in regular\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995704\",\n \"text\": \"the most of any team against the Steelers. The record as of the end of the 2013 season, is 3-4 in favor of Denver. The rivalry with the New England Patriots is relatively recent. The two clubs met thirteen times 1972–95 with the Steelers winning ten, including five in a row. But in 1996 the two met in the playoffs for the first time and the rivalry changed, as the Patriots defeated the Steelers 28–3 in the AFC Divisional Playoffs in January 1997. The next year the Steelers edged New England in overtime 24–21 and won in the divisional round\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995609\",\n \"text\": \"just the second the Steelers had enjoyed. They missed the playoffs and disbanded into separate franchises immediately upon the season's end. In 1944 they merged with the Chicago Cardinals and were known as \\\"Card-Pitt\\\" and informally known as the \\\"Car-Pitts\\\" or \\\"Carpets.\\\" They went winless through the season. The Steelers went solo again for the 1945 season and went 2–8. Dudley was back from the war by the 1946 season and became league MVP. The rest of team did no better as the Steelers stumbled down the stretch and finished 5–5–1. The Steelers made the playoffs for the first time\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995705\",\n \"text\": \"7–6. Since then, however, the Patriots have won five of seven regular-season meetings and two AFC Championship Game matchups, both at Heinz Field. 2004 was the most recent season the two teams met twice in the season; Pittsburgh ended New England's 21-game winning streak in a 34–20 rout and surged to a 15–1 regular season, but in the AFC Championship the Steelers were crushed 41–27 by the Patriots. History of the Pittsburgh Steelers This article details the history of the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Steelers are an American football franchise representing Pittsburgh. They are the seventh-oldest club in the National Football\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995647\",\n \"text\": \"AFC Championship collapses, unfortunately for the Steelers, would become a hallmark of the Cowher era. The Steelers' 1995 campaign was no less dominant. Foster left the team, but Erric Pegram (picked up from the Atlanta Falcons) made up for it with an 800-yard season. Yancey Thigpen amassed 1,307 receiving yards and Willie Williams had seven interceptions. The Steelers' 11–5 record once again won them the division and a first-round bye. As in 1994, the Steelers dominated in the divisional playoff (a 40–21 win over the Buffalo Bills), but the cinderella Indianapolis Colts put up a fight in the AFC championship.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995698\",\n \"text\": \"Brady and the New England Patriots. In a spectacular defensive effort, in which Pittsburgh held Brady to a season-low 198 yards passing, the Steelers beat the Patriots 25–17. Then after a disappointing home loss to Baltimore, the Steelers went to Cincinnati and won their first AFC North division battle of the year, 24–17. After a bye, the Steelers came out flat once again in Kansas City, but managed to beat the Chiefs 13–9. They regrouped and routed the Bengals at home 35–7 the following week. The Steelers traveled to Denver at 12-4 to face the 8-8 Broncos, who'd lost their\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995684\",\n \"text\": \"was the two teams' first-ever meeting in St. Louis, a city the Steelers last visited in 1979 (a 24–21 win over the then-St. Louis Cardinals at Busch Memorial Stadium). Six players from the Steelers were selected to play in the 2007 Pro Bowl. Two started, two were selected to the reserve squad, and two did not play due to injury. Entering the 2008 season, the Pittsburgh Steelers lost Alan Faneca, after his contract expired and he signed with the New York Jets. The Steelers also signed quarterback Ben Roethlisberger to an eight-year, $102 million contract, the largest in franchise history.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995616\",\n \"text\": \"when the team finished at a league-worst 2–12. Over the next four years, the Steelers never finished higher than 5–8–1 (1966), with the team using eight quarterbacks between 1965 and 1969. Indicative of the Steelers' struggles is the fact that Western Pennsylvania has long been an area producing fine quarterbacks, but the Steelers had never managed to keep them. Unitas was a native of Pittsburgh, making his later success even more jarring to Steeler fans. George Blanda came from the Pittsburgh area, but the Steelers never signed him. The nearby town of Beaver Falls produced Babe Parilli and later Joe\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995650\",\n \"text\": \"had drafted Kordell Stewart in 1995, but he remained a backup through the 1996 season. Mike Tomczak received the starting duties. The Steelers also traded for running back Jerome Bettis from the St. Louis Rams, who ran for 1,400 yards in his first year in the Steel City. A late-season decline was hurting the Steelers Super Bowl chances, but their 10–6 record still won them the division. Pittsburgh won their wild-card playoff game handily (42–14 over the Colts), but lost just as handily, 28–3, to the New England Patriots in the divisional playoff. Stewart was given the starting quarterback job\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995640\",\n \"text\": \"1986, Malone took over the QB job by himself and Earnest Jackson (who came off back-to-back 1000-yard seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles) was added to the offensive backfield, but the team fared no better, at 6–10. An 8–7 record in 1987 was not enough to save Malone's job in Pittsburgh. Bubby Brister became the Steelers' new starting quarterback. The 1988 season was the worst for the Steelers in twenty years, with a 5–11 record. Mike Webster was cut during the offseason. The 1989 team also got rough start, but won five of their last six to finish 9–7, enough for\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14145391\",\n \"text\": \"held on the following dates: The team's 80-man roster at the start of training camp looked like this: The Steelers preseason schedule was announced on March 31, 2010. Per the NFL's predetermined scheduling formula, the Steelers played every team in the AFC East and NFC South, the teams from the AFC South and West who finished in the same position as the Steelers in 2009 (third), and their usual AFC North division rivals. The Steelers played a Sunday night game on October 31 against the defending Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints in a game which conflicted with game four\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11218759\",\n \"text\": \"their starting quarterback, Ken Anderson who was nursing a broken finger. Steelers running back Franco Harris busted through the Bengals 3–4 defense for a 37-yard gain on the game's first offensive play. Five plays later, Rocky Bleier scored on a 5-yard run and the Steelers never looked back. The Steelers didn't punt for the first time until the end of the third quarter and they dominated statistically. Center Mike Webster noted, \\\"From the first play on, everything worked.\\\" The Steelers players were beginning to feel that the team might be once again approaching the level of the Super Bowl teams.\",\n \"title\": \"1978 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11158279\",\n \"text\": \"losing record at home until 1999. As a result of their 1–13 records, Art Rooney of the Steelers won a coin toss with George Halas of the Bears to determine who would select Louisiana Tech quarterback Terry Bradshaw (the consensus number 1 selection among league teams) with the number one pick in the 1970 draft. By modern NFL tiebreaking rules, the Steelers would have automatically been given the first pick anyway, as the Bears' one win came against the Steelers in Week 8. In the 1969 offseason, the Steelers hired former defensive coordinator Chuck Noll from the Baltimore Colts days\",\n \"title\": \"1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11644220\",\n \"text\": \"1940 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1940 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the team's 8th in the National Football League. It was also the first season in which the team was known as the Pittsburgh Steelers, and not the copycat The 1940 team was led by head coach Walt Kiesling in his first full season as the head coach. Kiesling's assistant coaches were Wilbur \\\"Bill\\\" Sortet and Hank Bruder, who both also played. They held training camp at St. Francis College in Loretto, Pennsylvania. In the 1940 NFL Draft the Steelers continued their pattern of trading away high picks when they dealt\",\n \"title\": \"1940 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11293901\",\n \"text\": \"1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1952 Pittsburgh Steelers finished 5–7 under head coach Joe Bach, who returned to the organization replacing John Michelosen. The season was notable in that it was the last year the Steelers used the single-wing formation on offense, switching to the T formation the following year. The Steelers were the last NFL team to use the single-wing as their primary offensive formation. \\\"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\\\" Scoring drives: \\\"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\\\" Scoring drives: \\\"at Shibe Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\\\" 'Scoring drives: \\\"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\\\" Scoring drives: \\\"at Comiskey Park, Chicago, Illinois\\\" Scoring\",\n \"title\": \"1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11291479\",\n \"text\": \"member of the Steelers, who would acquire Bettis in a draft day trade with the Rams three years later. 1993 was also the season in which the Steelers began their policy of \\\"blacking out\\\" regular season contract negotiations. Early in the season the Steelers had reached contract extensions with Rod Woodson and Barry Foster and continued negotiations with other players. However, this led to discord in the locker room, and management felt that contract talk was taking the team's focus off of winning. At mid-season the Steelers broke off all contract negotiations, and have refused to negotiate contracts during the\",\n \"title\": \"1993 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11218754\",\n \"text\": \"than the team had in the past. Bills quarterback Joe Ferguson, who was coming off a knee injury suffered in the pre-season, struggled with just three completions and 20 yards on ten passing attempts before being pulled from the game. Meanwhile, the Steelers scored two second-quarter touchdowns, the first coming on a throw from Terry Bradshaw to John Stallworth. Stallworth caught three passes of twenty yards or longer in the Steelers first two possessions. The Steelers second score came on a one-yard plunge by Franco Harris. When the Steelers scored again on a Sidney Thornton rush at the start of\",\n \"title\": \"1978 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11241108\",\n \"text\": \"loss to New Orleans since 1969 in what was the Steelers’ final game in the NFL before moving to the AFC as part of the AFL-NFL merger. Former Steelers linebacker Dennis Winston played for the Saints in this game. It was also a homecoming for Lipps, who played at nearby East St. John High School. The Steelers tied the game in the fourth yet fell in overtime, all despite intercepting Warren Moon three times. The Steelers sacked John Elway four times and picked him off twice. Dan Marino threw four touchdowns and over 400 yards, outdueling Mark Malone’s 312 yards\",\n \"title\": \"1984 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11158297\",\n \"text\": \"Scoring Drives: Earl Gros, a Louisiana native who played at LSU, ran for 3 touchdowns but the Steelers blew a 14-point lead to a Saints team that had not been in existence four years earlier. The Steelers did not return to New Orleans until 1974, when they defeated the Saints in the regular season, then ousted the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IX seven weeks later. 1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season constitutes what many consider to be the turning point of this once-moribund franchise. 1969 was the first season for Hall of Fame head coach Chuck\",\n \"title\": \"1969 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12917321\",\n \"text\": \"secondary market for the Ravens, and so WHP-TV must show all Ravens road games (if played on Sunday afternoon). The Steelers also have a significant fan base in the area, so when the Ravens are at home, the Steelers are shown instead. The Harrisburg area also has a significant fan base for the Philadelphia Eagles, who also have Harrisburg as a secondary market (but are in the NFC as opposed to the Ravens and Steelers being in the AFC, and so the Fox affiliate usually shows the Eagles). The Colts had a number of fans in Harrisburg as well during\",\n \"title\": \"Ravens–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12855034\",\n \"text\": \"from the Steelers' 39 with 2:27 remaining. An apparent interception thrown by Roethlisberger was negated by an \\\"illegal block in the back\\\" penalty and the Steelers ran out the clock, securing the win. The win not only prevented Baltimore from clinching a wild card, but kept Pittsburgh's playoff hopes alive as well. They would need to win at Miami in their season finale and also need other teams to lose. With the win, the Steelers moved to 8–7. The Steelers' defense averted a fourth-quarter collapse while sending two of Miami's quarterbacks to the sideline, including third-string Pat White, who was\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11637529\",\n \"text\": \"1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the club's ninth as a member of the National Football League (NFL). In the offseason, the team had been sold and then re-acquired (more or less) in a bizarre series of transactions which has come to be referred to as the \\\"\\\". The roster consisted of many players who had played for the Philadelphia Eagles the previous year, who joined the Steelers as a result of the moves. Bert Bell became half-owner of the team and he named himself the head coach. After starting the season with two straight losses,\",\n \"title\": \"1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11637531\",\n \"text\": \"Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\\\" Scoring Drives: \\\"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\\\" Scoring Drives: \\\"at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania\\\" Scoring Drives: \\\"at Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York\\\" Scoring Drives: 1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the club's ninth as a member of the National Football League (NFL). In the offseason, the team had been sold and then re-acquired (more or less) in a bizarre series of transactions which has come to be referred to as the \\\"\\\". The roster consisted of many players who had played for the Philadelphia Eagles the previous year, who joined the Steelers as\",\n \"title\": \"1941 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11218742\",\n \"text\": \"season. Holmes, Edwards and Frank Lewis had all lost their starting jobs. None of the moves brought the Steelers a player who had a significant impact on the team in 1978. The Frank Lewis trade was a complete flop for the Steelers. Paul Seymour failed his physical when the Steelers learned he'd had surgery on both arches within the past five months. His rehabilitation from the surgery was not complete and he was unable to run. Seymour was returned to the Bills who released him, and the two teams failed to work out any other compensation for Lewis. Lewis was\",\n \"title\": \"1978 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313739\",\n \"text\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in , the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC. In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the pre-merger NFL, where they were the oldest team never to win a league championship, the Steelers of the post-merger (modern) era are one of the most successful NFL franchises. Pittsburgh has won more Super Bowl titles (6) and both played in\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10481439\",\n \"text\": \"Grandview Steelers The Grandview Steelers are a junior \\\"B\\\" ice hockey team based in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Tom Shaw Conference of the Pacific Junior Hockey League (PJHL). The Steelers play their home games at Burnaby Winter Club. Aldo Bruno is the team's Vice-president and general manager. Stevan Matic is the team's head coach. The Steelers joined the league in 1967 as an original WCJHL team. In its PJHL history, the team has won the Cyclone Taylor Cup twice, in 1994 and 2008. The Steelers have won the PJHL Championship twice, in 1994 and 2008.\",\n \"title\": \"Grandview Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3487940\",\n \"text\": \"and more popular of other Leagues Clubs in Wollongong such as Collegians, The Builders Club, Wests Illawarra and Illawarra Leagues, and also Shellharbour Workers Club in Shellharbour. In 2006 the Illawarra Steelers celebrated their 25th anniversary and named a \\\"Team of Steel\\\", including the best players of the club's history. Including players from the Illawarra Steelers that have represented while at the club and the years they achieved their honours, if known. The Illawarra Steelers average attendances from their entry into the competition in 1982 were: Illawarra Steelers The Illawarra Steelers are an Australian Rugby league football club based in\",\n \"title\": \"Illawarra Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3487928\",\n \"text\": \"merging with in the 1980s) and Cronulla both expressed interest in talking with Illawarra but Steelers CEO Bob Millward claimed that the club's preferred partner was St George. The Illawarra Steelers produced some brilliant playing talent, most notably International representatives Rod Wishart and Paul McGregor. Former Steelers players Trent Barrett, Shaun Timmins and Craig Fitzgibbon have gone on to represent their country since the Steelers' final stand-alone season in 1998. The Illawarra Steelers decided to form a joint venture with the St. George Dragons for the 1999 NRL season to form the St. George Illawarra Dragons. The Illawarra and St\",\n \"title\": \"Illawarra Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11343667\",\n \"text\": \"14 consecutive home wins on Monday Night Football. The Steelers' matchup with the Jacksonville Jaguars—their first since the Jaguars knocked the Steelers out of the —was featured as the Pro Football Hall of Fame's \\\"Throwback Game of the Week\\\". On the Steelers opening drive, Roethlisberger—who missed practice time during the week due to injections for his shoulder—was intercepted by Rashean Mathis who returned the ball 72 yards for a touchdown. Pittsburgh responded by driving 71 yards, with Heath Miller receiving a 1-yard touchdown pass to tie the game. Jacksonville re-gained the lead on the next drive when Maurice Jones-Drew ran\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12855018\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Succop made a 22-yard field goal. With the overtime loss, the Steelers fell to 6–4. Following a shocking loss to the 3–7 Kansas City Chiefs the previous week, the Steelers traveled to M&T Bank Stadium for another divisional game. Ben Roethlisberger, who suffered a concussion in the previous week's overtime loss, was the designated 3rd (emergency) quarterback. Backup Charlie Batch also was hurt in that game, which left 2nd-year QB Dennis Dixon, who previously had one pass in his NFL career, to start. The Steelers received the opening kickoff, but went three-and-out. On the ensuing possession, the Ravens drove\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"313774\",\n \"text\": \"season). In their last matchup, the Raiders defeated the Steelers in Oakland 24–21 on December 9, 2018. The Cowboys–Steelers rivalry started with the Cowboys' first game as a franchise in (against the Steelers) at the Cotton Bowl with the Steelers coming away with a 35–28 victory. These teams hold a record for the most times (three) that two teams have met in a Super Bowl. The first two times the favored Steelers and Cowboys met came with Pittsburgh victories in the Orange Bowl Super Bowl X 21–17 and Super Bowl XIII 35–31. The Cowboys never won a regular season game\",\n \"title\": \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6989211\",\n \"text\": \"the Tree That Owns Itself began with the \\\"Weekly Banner\\\" article, or if it had been an element of local folklore prior to that time. The article's author writes that, in 1890, there were few people still living who knew the story. The story of the Tree That Owns Itself is very widely known, and is almost always presented as fact. However, only one person—the anonymous author of \\\"Deeded to Itself\\\"—has ever claimed to have seen Jackson's deed to the tree. Most writers acknowledge that the deed is lost or no longer exists, if in fact it ever did. Such\",\n \"title\": \"Tree That Owns Itself\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6995594\",\n \"text\": \"and Bell's Eagles went to Pittsburgh, where they became the Steelers, while Thompson's Iron Men moved to Philadelphia, where they took on the Eagles moniker. This was described at the time as \\\"one of the most unusual swaps in sports history\\\". In fact, though the Pittsburgh team played as the Steelers, they operated under the name the \\\"Philadelphia Eagles Football Club, Inc.\\\" for the next several years. Because the entire strange turn of events all took place during the off-season and the Steelers never actually missed a game in Pittsburgh, the NFL considers the Rooney reign unbroken. The transaction, which\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["rooney family"],"string":"[\n \"rooney family\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1189,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where was toni braxton born and raised?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2723701","text":"sister, Tamar, \"Tamar & Vince\". In 2011, Braxton was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. Toni Michelle Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton is the eldest of six siblings. She has a younger brother Michael Jr. (born 1968) and four younger sisters Traci (born 1971), Towanda (born 1973), Trina (born 1974), and Tamar (born","title":"Toni Braxton"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723701\",\n \"text\": \"sister, Tamar, \\\"Tamar & Vince\\\". In 2011, Braxton was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. Toni Michelle Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton is the eldest of six siblings. She has a younger brother Michael Jr. (born 1968) and four younger sisters Traci (born 1971), Towanda (born 1973), Trina (born 1974), and Tamar (born\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"19653516","text":"Toni Braxton: Revealed Toni Braxton: Revealed was the first and only residency show by American singer Toni Braxton. It was performed at The Showroom at the Flamingo Las Vegas until the announcement of its cancellation on April 6, 2008. On May 19, 2006, the Flamingo Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas announced that Braxton would replace Wayne Newton as the casino's new headlining act from December 3, 2006. The show, entitled \"Toni Braxton: Revealed\", was to be performed six nights a week and was scheduled to run through to March 2007. Braxton later confirmed that she was extending her show","title":"Toni Braxton: Revealed"},{"psg_id":"2723697","text":"Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart in the United States, selling 10 million copies worldwide and","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723760","text":"2012 because of \"minor health issues\" related to lupus. Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart in","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"4937775","text":"Toni Braxton (album) Toni Braxton is the debut studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on July 13, 1993, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. \"Toni Braxton\" debuted at number 36 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and later spent two non-consecutive weeks atop the chart as well as three non-consecutive weeks atop the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It has sold 5,135,000 copies in the United States and 10 million copies worldwide. The album was primarily produced by L.A. Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons. The first single, \"Another Sad Love Song\", peaked at numbers seven and two on the","title":"Toni Braxton (album)"},{"psg_id":"4937777","text":"Awards (for Favorite Soul/R&B New Artist and Favorite New Adult Contemporary Artist) in 1994 and another one in 1995 (for Favorite Soul/R&B Album). In Japan, the album was released as \"Love Affair\", also a song on the album. The Japanese edition contains the same track listing as the standard version; the only difference is the Obi strip and the bonus lyrics booklet written in Japanese. Notes Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Toni Braxton\". Musicians Artwork Technical Toni Braxton (album) Toni Braxton is the debut studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on July 13, 1993,","title":"Toni Braxton (album)"},{"psg_id":"19284515","text":"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart (also known as Unbreak My Heart) is a 2016 American television biographical film about R&B singer Toni Braxton. It premiered at Lifetime on January 23, 2016. It derives its title from Braxton's book \"Toni Braxton Unbreak My Heart a Memoir\" and her most notable hit \"Un-Break My Heart\". The film stars Lex Scott Davis as Toni Braxton, Debbi Morgan as Evelyn Braxton, Skye P. Marshall as Towanda Braxton, Tiffany Hines as Tamar Braxton and Gavin Houston as Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds. The film was directed by Vondie Curtis Hall and written","title":"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart"},{"psg_id":"4938182","text":"Ultimate Toni Braxton Ultimate Toni Braxton, released in 2003, is the first greatest hits collection by R&B singer Toni Braxton. It features many of her greatest hits, and includes all the singles from her debut \"Toni Braxton\" and all but one of the singles from her second album \"Secrets\". Her albums \"The Heat\" and \"More Than a Woman\" are fairly underrepresented, as only two and one songs are included from each album, respectively. The songs on \"Ultimate\" are not the actual album versions but radio edits, and the version of \"Seven Whole Days\" is live. The album also includes two","title":"Ultimate Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"17703674","text":"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton Artist Collection: Toni Braxton is the third greatest hits compilation by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released in 2004 by BMG Heritage Records, exclusively released for South America. The compilation was released at the same time that \"Platinum & Gold Collection\" was released. In addition to her most famous hits, such as \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"Breathe Again\", \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" and others, the album collects some of Braxton's random tracks from her latest albums, \"The Heat\" (2000), \"Snowflakes of Love\" (2001) and \"More Than a Woman\" (2002). \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\" is Braxton's third compilation","title":"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"19706706","text":"Greet Experience includes one premium reserved seat in the first 7 rows, meet & greet with Toni Braxton, an individual photo with Toni Braxton, one autographed 8x10 photograph, one exclusive signed lyrical print, early entry, first access merchandise shopping and one commemorative VIP laminate. The Gold VIP Meet & Greet Experience includes one premium seat within the first 2 rows, Meet & Greet with Toni Braxton, individual photograph with Toni Braxton, intimate Q&A with Toni Braxton, one autographed 8x10 photograph, one exclusive signed lyrical print, one scented candle (scent chosen by Toni Braxton exclusive to VIP buyers), early entry, first","title":"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)"},{"psg_id":"9809752","text":"the chart. The Brazilian version, titled \"The Best So Far\", was a success in Brazil, reaching a gold status, for selling over 30,000 copies, and later receiving a platinum certification, for selling over 60,000 copies. The Essential Toni Braxton The Essential Toni Braxton is a compilation album by the American recording artist Toni Braxton in Sony BMG's \"The Essential\" series. Released in February 2007, it follows the earlier compilations \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\", released in 2003, and Braxton's \"Platinum & Gold Collection\", released in 2004. \"The Essential\" is a 2 disc album with thirty-six of Braxton's best songs. It also includes","title":"The Essential Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"9809746","text":"The Essential Toni Braxton The Essential Toni Braxton is a compilation album by the American recording artist Toni Braxton in Sony BMG's \"The Essential\" series. Released in February 2007, it follows the earlier compilations \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\", released in 2003, and Braxton's \"Platinum & Gold Collection\", released in 2004. \"The Essential\" is a 2 disc album with thirty-six of Braxton's best songs. It also includes a song done with her sister group The Braxtons, \"The Good Life\". In Brazil, the album was released under the name \"The Best So Far\" with an alternative cover and a different track list. \"The","title":"The Essential Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"20346411","text":"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song) \"Deadwood\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on September 14, 2017. The song serves as the lead single from Braxton's eighth studio album \"Sex & Cigarettes\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Royce Doherty, Kwame Ogoo and Fred Ball and produced by Ball. On August 25, 2017, it was announced that director Bille Woodruff was directing a new music video for Braxton confirming the name of a new single titled \"Deadwood\". On September 5, 2017, in an interview with \"The Insider\", Braxton confirmed the title of her upcoming eighth studio album \"Sex &","title":"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"19284519","text":"\"Whitney,\" the January 2015 biopic on Whitney Houston. The film has a IMDb raiting of a 6.5 out of 10 stars. \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\" was released digitally on to Amazon on January 22, 2016 and to DVD under the title Toni Braxton: The Movie Event on June 14, 2016 available in region 1 (U.S and Canada only). Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart (also known as Unbreak My Heart) is a 2016 American television biographical film about R&B singer Toni Braxton. It premiered at Lifetime on January 23, 2016. It derives its title from","title":"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart"},{"psg_id":"19653519","text":"likewise has become a smoother, more graceful showcase over time.\" This set list is representative of the performance on August 3, 2006. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the residency. Note: The setlist may have changed their order as they advanced the dates. Toni Braxton: Revealed Toni Braxton: Revealed was the first and only residency show by American singer Toni Braxton. It was performed at The Showroom at the Flamingo Las Vegas until the announcement of its cancellation on April 6, 2008. On May 19, 2006, the Flamingo Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas announced that","title":"Toni Braxton: Revealed"},{"psg_id":"4938187","text":"why.\" The album charted very modestly on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, only reaching number 119. However, it fared better on the Top R&B Albums chart, peaking at number 43. Even with the modest peak, the album managed to sell over 400,000 copies in the United States, as of 2013. In the UK, the album charted higher, peaking at number 23. In July 2013, the album was certified gold, for selling over 100,000 copies. Ultimate Toni Braxton Ultimate Toni Braxton, released in 2003, is the first greatest hits collection by R&B singer Toni Braxton. It features many of her greatest hits,","title":"Ultimate Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"19706707","text":"access merchandise shopping and one commemorative VIP laminate. The Ultimate On-Stage VIP Experience includes one first row seat to the event, watch Toni Braxton’s set from your own seat on stage, Meet & Greet with Toni Braxton, individual photograph with Toni Braxton, intimate Q&A with Toni Braxton, one autographed 8x10 photograph, one exclusive signed lyrical print, one scented candle (scent chosen by Toni Braxton exclusive to VIP buyers), early entry, first access merchandise shopping and one commemorative VIP laminate. On October 11, 2016 it was announced that the first show was sold out. The following setlist is from the concert","title":"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)"},{"psg_id":"20346414","text":"14, 2017. The music video priemered on October 6, 2017 Digital download Deadwood (Toni Braxton song) \"Deadwood\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on September 14, 2017. The song serves as the lead single from Braxton's eighth studio album \"Sex & Cigarettes\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Royce Doherty, Kwame Ogoo and Fred Ball and produced by Ball. On August 25, 2017, it was announced that director Bille Woodruff was directing a new music video for Braxton confirming the name of a new single titled \"Deadwood\". On September 5, 2017, in an interview with \"The Insider\",","title":"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"19966585","text":"and musicians Technical personnel Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song) \"Roller Coster\" is a song recorded by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface taken from their collaborative studio album Love, Marriage & Divorce (2014). It was written by Babyface, Daryl Simmons, Antonio Dixon and produced by Babyface. Following the released of Love, Marriage & Divorce, the song debuted on the Adult R&B chart at number seventeen on June 14, 2014. The song spent a total of eighteen weeks on the chart alone. The song was performed on the Toni Braxton & Babyface African Tour in 2015. Song credits","title":"Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song)"},{"psg_id":"19966584","text":"Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song) \"Roller Coster\" is a song recorded by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface taken from their collaborative studio album Love, Marriage & Divorce (2014). It was written by Babyface, Daryl Simmons, Antonio Dixon and produced by Babyface. Following the released of Love, Marriage & Divorce, the song debuted on the Adult R&B chart at number seventeen on June 14, 2014. The song spent a total of eighteen weeks on the chart alone. The song was performed on the Toni Braxton & Babyface African Tour in 2015. Song credits taken from Discogs. Performers","title":"Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song)"},{"psg_id":"15723528","text":"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton is the fourth greatest hits compilation album by R&B singer Toni Braxton. It is a part of Sony BMG's \"Playlist\" series. It was released in the United States on October 28, 2008. \"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton\" is the fourth compilation released by Braxton, following \"The Essential Toni Braxton, in 2007. The album was released on October 28, 2008, by Legacy Recordings, being part of Sony BMG's \"Playlist\" series. The track list contains Braxton most successful singles, with a few different tracks, such as","title":"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"8571214","text":"a peeper (played by James C. Mathis III) looks in. Although the video was never released, Braxton shows a clip of the never-before-seen video on her DVD \"From Toni with Love: DVD Collection\". It was later leaked onto YouTube with the unreleased video for \"The Heat\" following it. Maybe (Toni Braxton song) \"Maybe\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). It was released to urban adult contemporary radio in the United States on February 6, 2001, as the album's fourth and final single. The music video for \"Maybe\", directed by Chris","title":"Maybe (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"2723720","text":"her manager at the time. The change of scenery, however, did not ultimately help her recording career. As had been the case during her final years at Arista, Braxton's fifth album, and first release on Blackground, \"Libra\" (2005) was released. In 2004, Braxton appeared as herself, voicing a singing character named Toni, in a special episode and DVD release of the children's television show \"Blue's Clues\". In September 2004, it was announced that Braxton would star in a half-hour sitcom pilot where she would play a version of herself for The WB Television Network's fall 2006–07 lineup, though plans to","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"11827074","text":"Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton, Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton has an older brother Michael, Jr. (born in 1968) and four sisters Toni (born in 1967), Towanda (born in 1973), Traci (born in 1971), and Tamar (born in 1977). Braxton and her siblings were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and","title":"Trina Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723752","text":"her duet with Il Divo, \"The Time of Our Lives\". Toni Braxton became an immediate R&B superstar after the release of her first album. LA Reid stated during an interview with VH1: \"We called her the first lady of LaFace. She was our Diva. Clive had Whitney, Tommy had Mariah and we had Toni.\" BBC called the album \"spiritedly, mature soul at its best – and just urban enough to make it the bedroom album for the hip hop generation.\" Braxton had the sound of R&B greats like Anita Baker and the sex appeal to compete with fellow superstars Mariah","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723704","text":"for the soundtrack of Eddie Murphy's film, \"Boomerang\". Baker, who was pregnant at the time, did not record the song but suggested, that Braxton record it. Her recording was later included on the soundtrack along with \"Give U My Heart\", a duet by Braxton and Babyface. Braxton, meanwhile, was signed to Reid and Edmonds' Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records, and immediately began recording her solo debut album. On July 13, 1993, LaFace Records released Braxton's self-titled debut album, \"Toni Braxton\". The album, which was primarily produced by Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons, peaked at number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"8571213","text":"Maybe (Toni Braxton song) \"Maybe\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). It was released to urban adult contemporary radio in the United States on February 6, 2001, as the album's fourth and final single. The music video for \"Maybe\", directed by Chris Robinson, remained unreleased as Braxton felt it was too risqué. The treatment saw Braxton arriving home from the 2001 Grammy Awards ceremony after winning the award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \"He Wasn't Man Enough\". She enters in the infamous dress and begins to undress while","title":"Maybe (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"16407857","text":"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song) \"I Heart You\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written and produced by Toni Braxton & Keri Lewis. The song was released as a non-album single. Musically, the song is a dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about being in love with someone and desiring that the person feels the same. The song received positive reviews, most critics commended the track for having a \"dance vibe\" and an \"anthemic chorus\". In 2011, Toni Braxton became an independent artist by parting ways with, her then manager, Vincent Herbert and signing","title":"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"17694986","text":"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best is the fourth greatest hits compilation album by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released on April 26, 2005, through Sony BMG Music Entertainment. The compilation includes Braxton's hits, such as \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"Breathe Again\", \"You're Makin' Me High\", along with some non-singles from her debut album and \"More Than a Woman\". \"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best\" is the fourth compilation (and third greatest hits compilation) released by Braxton, following the remix compilation \"\", also released in 2005. The compilation was released on April","title":"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best"},{"psg_id":"2723755","text":"decade. \"I've always gone a little risque with all my other award show outfits.\" In 2012, Braxton made the list for VH1's 50 Greatest Women in Music. Braxton's 2000 performance at Super Bowl XXXIV is ranked as one of the most memorable Super Bowl performances. Braxton cemented her diva status in the music industry in 2006, with her Las Vegas residency \"Toni Braxton: Revealed\", by becoming the first African American performer in Las Vegas to have her act enter the top ten Vegas shows charting. Braxton also made headlines for her signature and legendary Giantto Million Dollar Microphone that she","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"3922689","text":"Secrets (Toni Braxton album) Secrets is the second studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on June 18, 1996, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. The album was nominated for Best Pop Album at the 1997 Grammy Awards. \"Secrets\" has been certified octuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Worldwide, the album has sold over 15 million copies. In support of the album, Braxton embarked on the Secrets Tour, playing dates in North America and Europe from August 1996 to October 1997. The album's first song \"Come On Over Here\" is a \"finger-poppingly upbeat\",","title":"Secrets (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"2723706","text":"R&B Vocal Performance in 1994 and 1995). She won two American Music Awards (for Favorite Soul/R&B New Artist and Favorite New Adult Contemporary Artist) in 1994 and another one in 1995 (for Favorite Soul/R&B Album). \"Toni Braxton\" was certified 8x platinum in USA and has sales of over 10 million worldwide. In June 1996, Braxton released her second and most successful album, \"Secrets\". Braxton said of the album: \"The motivation for this album was to include a little bit of everything. Our aim was to come up with material, that would have a familiar 'feel' to the people, who bought","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723758","text":"settled her contentious child support case with her former husband, Keri Lewis. On June 2, 2016, the City and County officials named June 2 as Toni Braxton day in Atlanta, Georgia. As of August 2007, rumors surfaced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Braxton stated to \"Access Hollywood\", that the breast cancer rumors were false and that her health is in great condition. However, in 2008, she had a benign lump removed from her breast. On April 8, 2008, near the end of her two-year run at the Flamingo Hotel, Braxton was briefly hospitalized and the remaining dates","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"8571094","text":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \"Suddenly\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \"Libra\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \"\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \"Sundown\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.","title":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"8571093","text":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \"Suddenly\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \"Libra\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \"\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \"Sundown\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.","title":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"6586562","text":"charted inside the top-forty on the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, topping the Billboard's Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart and later debuting at number 78 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Later, the song climbed to number 40, before peaking at number 36. It marked Braxton's lowest-charting lead single then. An accompanying music video for the song, directed by Chris Robinson, was released in late June 2005. It features Braxton wearing different clothes and wigs, while also dancing with backup dancers. Credits adapted from liner notes of \"Libra\". Please (Toni Braxton song) \"Please\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton.","title":"Please (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"2723736","text":"Values\", which is marketed as one of the network's flagship shows. The series debuted April 12, 2011, and looks at the relationship between the singer-songwriter Braxton, her mother, and her four sisters; Trina, Tamar, Traci and Towanda – all aspiring singers themselves – along with the interpersonal relationships of each family member. The show also looks at Braxton's heavily publicized separation from estranged husband, singer Keri Lewis. Toni parted ways with her long-time manager Vincent Herbert, who is also husband of sister Tamar Braxton, and signed a new management deal with Los Angeles -based entertainment/production company 'The Collective'. Braxton completed","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"19284516","text":"by Susan McMartin, Toni Braxton and Nicole Jefferson. The biopic follows the Toni Braxton's journey from her discovery by mega producers L.A. Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, to her battle with Lupus. The movie also delves into how she made it through her public divorce all while navigating her son's autism and family struggles. \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\" chronicles the untold measures the wildly talented artist took to make herself and her family whole again, becoming a global inspiration. On September 15, 2015 it was announced Lifetime Network green lighted the original movie, based on Toni Braxton's memoir \"Unbreak","title":"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart"},{"psg_id":"16407865","text":"videos from \"Pulse\". Nick Denbeigh makes a cameo appearance portraying three roles: the sexy dream hunk, the romantic leading man, and the hot club DJ. A review from \"Rap-Up\" wrote that \"Looking gorgeous in a number of sexy outfits, the iconic singer seduces the camera and busts out a few dance moves of her own.\" I Heart You (Toni Braxton song) \"I Heart You\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written and produced by Toni Braxton & Keri Lewis. The song was released as a non-album single. Musically, the song is a dance-pop song and","title":"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"17694988","text":"'He Wasn't Man Enough,' you get 'Candlelight' and 'Always.' This makes no sense.\" He concluded the review, stating that, \"There's no reason why Sony BMG should've formatted the compilation in this manner. It's of no help to anyone.\" \"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best\" charted at number 84 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top R&B Albums. Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best is the fourth greatest hits compilation album by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released on April 26, 2005, through Sony BMG Music Entertainment. The compilation includes Braxton's hits, such as","title":"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best"},{"psg_id":"4938218","text":"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album) Platinum & Gold Collection, released in 2004, is the second greatest hits compilation by Toni Braxton, following \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\" released in 2003. It is a budget CD with fewer songs than \"Ultimate\", but it has the remix versions of some songs. Although the album was not given a proper release in the United States and is considered an international release, it has sold 281,518 copies in the US as of February 2012. After failing to spawn any substantial hits of her last two albums, \"Snowflakes\" (2001) and \"More Than a Woman\" (2002),","title":"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"19706701","text":"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton) The Hits Tour is a concert tour by American R&B/pop singer Toni Braxton. The 17-date outing kicked off on October 12 in Detroit, at the MotorCity Casino Hotel, visiting major cities in the United States, and completed its final night in Ohio on November 14, 2016. The tour featured special guests including Kenny G, Joe, Ro James and Tank. Braxton announced she will start a US tour in the fall, performing in varies states, and will perform all of her chart-topping singles during The Hits Tour. Braxton shared the news via Instagram on July 25,","title":"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)"},{"psg_id":"3922739","text":"Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Heat\". Musicians Technical Artwork The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \"The Art of Love\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \"Left Eye\"","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"3922724","text":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \"The Art of Love\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopes. \"The Heat\" opened at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 with","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"9809747","text":"Essential Toni Braxton\" became Braxton's second compilation, following 2003's \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\". The compilation contains 2 discs, with the first containing the majority of her hits, and the second containing non-singles from her previous albums, as well as remixes, collaborations and unreleased tracks. It was released on February 20, 2007 in the United States. In Brazil, the compilation was released with a different name and track list, being titled, \"The Best So Far\", with 14 tracks, and it was released in April, 2007. In addition to her previous hits, including \"Another Sad Love Song\", \"Breathe Again\", \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"You're","title":"The Essential Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"4937985","text":"Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album) Snowflakes is the fourth studio album and first Christmas album by American singer Toni Braxton, released on October 23, 2001 by Arista Records. Shaggy features as the only collaboration on the album. The album was preceded by two singles \"Snowflakes of Love\" and \"Christmas in Jamaica\". In the United States, the album had sold 538,000 copies as of February 2012. \"Snowflakes of Love\" was released as the lead single from the album in 2001. The song charted at number twenty-five on the Adult Contemporary chart on January 5, 2002. \"Christmas in Jamaica\" featuring Shaggy was released","title":"Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"2723733","text":"was recorded on February 1, 2010. Music legends Quincy Jones and Lionel Richie act as Executive Producers as well as Wyclef Jean. Artists involved included Celine Dion, Barbra Streisand, Janet Jackson, Tony Bennett, Wyclef Jean, Josh Groban, Pink, Usher, Mary J. Blige, Jennifer Hudson, Adam Levine, Justin Bieber, LL Cool J, among others. According to Braxton, via a lawsuit, TMZ, and VH1's Behind the Music, after her \"Toni Braxton: Revealed\" show was abruptly cancelled back in 2008, the insurance agency, Lloyd's of London refused to honor her policy that she purchased for upwards of $70,000 that included financial compensations for","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"14049317","text":"Pulse (Toni Braxton album) Pulse is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Toni Braxton. It was released on May 4, 2010, by Atlantic Records. This is her first album in five years and serves as her debut for the Atlantic label, after signing a new record deal. Production for the album took place during September 2008 to March 2010, while it was handled by several record producers, including David Foster, Harvey Mason, Jr., Frank E, Oak, Lucas Secon, Simon Franglen and Dapo Torimiro. \"Pulse\" features up-tempo songs and R&B ballads with production varying from smooth to dance-based","title":"Pulse (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"4937987","text":"at number ninety-two on the German Album Charts making it the only country in Europe outside of the United States to chart. Sample credits Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album) Snowflakes is the fourth studio album and first Christmas album by American singer Toni Braxton, released on October 23, 2001 by Arista Records. Shaggy features as the only collaboration on the album. The album was preceded by two singles \"Snowflakes of Love\" and \"Christmas in Jamaica\". In the United States, the album had sold 538,000 copies as of February 2012. \"Snowflakes of Love\" was released as the lead single from the album","title":"Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"6284791","text":"Libra (Toni Braxton album) Libra is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was released by Blackground Records on September 27, 2005 in the United States, while its international release was handled by several partners. It marked Braxton's debut on the label, following her split with longtime record company Arista Records in 2003 after the release of her album \"More Than a Woman\" (2002), which was commercially less successful than its predecessors. The album's title is a reference to Braxton's astrological sign, Libra. Upon its release, the album debuted at number four on the \"Billboard\" 200","title":"Libra (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"6284810","text":"success of the project when asked about the commercial failure of her albums from the mid to late 2000s, including \"Libra\": \"Those albums – that's like that one-night stand that you don't want to talk about,\" she said. \"You don't want anyone to know about those records that didn't do well. I had a few of those. Definitely a few.\" Notes Sample credits Libra (Toni Braxton album) Libra is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was released by Blackground Records on September 27, 2005 in the United States, while its international release was handled by","title":"Libra (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"20576335","text":"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song) \"Long as I Live\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on February 9, 2018. The song serves as the second single from Braxton's eighth studio album \"Sex & Cigarettes\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Paul Boutin, and Antonio Dixon and produced by Dixon. The song received two Grammy nominations for Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. On February 27, 2018, Braxton appeared on the daytime show \"Loose Women\" to promote the single \"Long as I Live\" and her upcoming album \"Sex &","title":"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"14049331","text":"has sold 16,588 in the United States. On the third week, the album drop to number 41. In Canada, \"Pulse\" debuted at number 72 on the Top 100 Albums chart, and in the United Kingdom, it debuted at number 28 on the Top 40 Albums and at number 7 on the R&B Albums chart. Notes Sample credits Credits for \"Pulse\" adapted from liner notes. Management Technical Art and imagery Pulse (Toni Braxton album) Pulse is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Toni Braxton. It was released on May 4, 2010, by Atlantic Records. This is her first","title":"Pulse (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"6586555","text":"Please (Toni Braxton song) \"Please\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written by Scott Storch, Makeba Riddick, Vincent Herbert, and Kameron Houff for her fifth studio album, \"Libra\" (2005), while production was chiefly helmed by Storch. One out of several songs on the album to feature a more hard-edged production, \"Please\" is a spare, mid-tempo R&B and hip-hop song with a heavy bottom and zippy strings. Lyrically, it that talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. The track was released as the album's lead single to US rhythmic and urban AC radio","title":"Please (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"13791356","text":"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \"Yesterday\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \"Pulse\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\". Outside North America, the original version of the song was released, which features only Braxton's vocals. The song was a moderate success on \"Billboard\"'s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and peaked at number twelve. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 50 on the Official UK Singles top 100 Chart and at number 17 on R&B Singles","title":"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"2723749","text":"Lifetime Movie Network January 22, 2018. The second single \"Long as I Live\" was released on February 9, 2018. On April 20, 2018, Trina, Towanda and Toni appears as featuring on their sister Traci's single \"Broken Things\" On October 23, 2018, Braxton announced a joint tour with SWV, As Long As I Live Tour for 2019. Toni and her sister Towanda are the stars on the christmas tv movie \"Every Day is Christmas\" which premiered on the Lifetime Movie Network November 24, 2018. The album \"Sex & Cigarettes\" is nominated for three Grammy Awards: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"19706708","text":"held at Sprint Center, in Kansas City, Missouri. It does not represent all shows during the tour. The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton) The Hits Tour is a concert tour by American R&B/pop singer Toni Braxton. The 17-date outing kicked off on October 12 in Detroit, at the MotorCity Casino Hotel, visiting major cities in the United States, and completed its final night in Ohio on November 14, 2016. The tour featured special guests including Kenny G, Joe, Ro James and Tank. Braxton announced she will start a US tour in the fall, performing in varies states, and will perform all","title":"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)"},{"psg_id":"17703676","text":"compilation \"is an alternative to the more widely available \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\". On the surface, it appears to only be a shortened version of Ultimate Toni Braxton, with four less tracks, but a deeper look reveals a very different compilation. This set is recommendable only if you'd prefer to do without 'Another Sad Love Song,' 'I Love Me Some Him,' 'Hit the Freeway,' 'I Don't Want To,' and another handful of Braxton's U.S. chart hits. A comparison of the two discs does help show how the perception of an artist's best material can differ from territory to territory.\" Artist Collection:","title":"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"13791362","text":"twelve, making it her highest chart performance since her 2000 single \"Just Be a Man About It\", which peaked at number six. In the UK, \"Yesterday\" became Braxton's first hit single since the release of \"Hit the Freeway\", peaking at number 50 on the UK Singles Chart and at number seventeen on the UK R&B Singles Chart. Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \"Yesterday\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \"Pulse\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\".","title":"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"4938184","text":"to not reach the Top 10 and to not produce any hit singles. Later, Braxton discovered she was pregnant with her second child, which led her label to not release any more singles and the promotion of the album was interrupted. Ultimately, her label decided to release a greatest hits compilation in 2003. The compilation titled \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\" was released on November 4, 2003 by Arista Records. The track list is composed of Braxton's 18 songs, with 15 being her biggest hits, since her debut single with Babyface, \"Give U My Heart\", from 1992, until her biggest hit to","title":"Ultimate Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"16407864","text":"power ballad. While dance music may be big right now, can Braxton separate herself from everyone else with this 90s-influenced and Crystal Waters-inspired song and sound? The answer, yes she could, but at the same time, we still miss the ‘Unbreak My Heart’ and ‘He Wasn't Man Enough’ Toni Braxton we know and love.\" A music video for the song was shot on March 18, 2012. Pictures featuring Toni wearing a pink swimsuit were released. Bille Woodruff directed the video, he also has directed many of her videos, including \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" and her three latest","title":"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"4937776","text":"\"Billboard\" Hot 100 and R&B Singles charts, respectively. The album's second single, \"Breathe Again\", peaked in the top five of both the Hot 100 and R&B charts and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. More singles from \"Toni Braxton\" were released in 1994, including \"You Mean the World to Me\", \"Seven Whole Days\", and \"I Belong to You\"/\"How Many Ways\". The album received positive reviews and earned Braxton several awards, including three Grammy Awards (for Best New Artist and two consecutive awards for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 1994 and 1995). She also won two American Music","title":"Toni Braxton (album)"},{"psg_id":"8571097","text":"the years. The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song) \"The Time of Our Lives\" is a song recorded by British operatic pop quartet Il Divo and American R&B singer Toni Braxton to serve as the official theme song for the 2006 FIFA World Cup football (soccer) tournament. Written by Jörgen Elofsson and produced by Steve Mac, the song appears on the compilation album \"Voices from the FIFA World Cup\" (2006) and on the 2006 European re-release of Braxton's fifth studio album, \"Libra\". Il Divo and Braxton performed \"The Time of Our Lives\" during the 2006 FIFA","title":"The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"8571095","text":"The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song) \"The Time of Our Lives\" is a song recorded by British operatic pop quartet Il Divo and American R&B singer Toni Braxton to serve as the official theme song for the 2006 FIFA World Cup football (soccer) tournament. Written by Jörgen Elofsson and produced by Steve Mac, the song appears on the compilation album \"Voices from the FIFA World Cup\" (2006) and on the 2006 European re-release of Braxton's fifth studio album, \"Libra\". Il Divo and Braxton performed \"The Time of Our Lives\" during the 2006 FIFA World Cup","title":"The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"2723712","text":"which he specially wrote and composed for Braxton, and was still being used in the musical as of late July 2014. She left the production on February 28, 1999 and was succeeded by Andrea McArdle. Her role in \"Beauty and the Beast\" marked the first (and only) time a black woman commanded the leading role of Belle on Broadway. (In the UK, Michelle Gayle played the role in the West End.) It also marked the first time a black woman would star in a Disney musical on Broadway. In 1999, the lawsuit against LaFace Records was settled and Toni was","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723757","text":"fourth studio album, Braxton discovered she was pregnant with her second child; the complicated pregnancy confined her to bed rest. The couple's second son, Diezel Ky Braxton-Lewis, was born in March 2003. As Diezel has been diagnosed with autism, Braxton has become very involved with Autism Speaks, serving as their International Spokesperson. In November 2009 Braxton announced that she and her husband had separated. The couple later divorced in July 2013. Braxton began dating rapper Birdman in May 2016, and the couple announced their engagement in February 2018. On July 8, 2015, Braxton's Attorney, Antavius Weems announced that Braxton had","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"9809751","text":"stars, writing that, \"It's hard to imagine why this album was even released. [...] and while it's a nice thing to have, it's by no means essential. This compilation contains just about every popular note Braxton ever offered, with a couple of mediocre dance mixes thrown in to add a bit of value to the project. [...] As a single disc containing all the necessary hits, it's the album you should probably bypass this bloated Essential set in favor of.\" \"The Essential Toni Braxton\" charted on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, peaking at number 48, remaining for two weeks on","title":"The Essential Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"4938221","text":"does so in first-rate fashion, in terms of remastering as well as packaging -- it's a compilation that is sure to leave you unsatisfied. You'd be better off spending the extra money to pick up a more definitive collection like the 18-track 'Ultimate Toni Braxton' from 2003 than this 50-minute budget-line CD.\" \"Platinum & Gold Collection\" peaked at number 78 on the Billboard's Top R&B Albums chart, spending 5 weeks on the chart, selling over 281,518 copies in the US as of February 2012. Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album) Platinum & Gold Collection, released in 2004, is the","title":"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"15723529","text":"\"A Better Man\" from her fourth studio album, \"More Than a Woman\" (2002), \"Maybe\", a single from \"The Heat\" and an Hex Hector remix for \"Spanish Guitar\". In 2013, a new version of the compilation was released, with a different cover art and track list. The new edition contains the singles \"Another Sad Love Song\", \"I Don't Want To\" and \"Just Be a Man About It\", who were scrapped from the first edition, as well as Braxton's latest singles, \"Yesterday\" and \"Hands Tied\". Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton is the fourth","title":"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723705","text":"albums chart. The first single, \"Another Sad Love Song\", peaked at number seven and number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and R&B Singles charts respectively. The album's second single, \"Breathe Again\", peaked in the top five of both the Hot 100 and R&B singles charts and no 2 in the UK. More singles from \"Toni Braxton\" were released in 1994, including \"You Mean the World to Me\", \"Seven Whole Days\", and \"I Belong to You/How Many Ways\". Braxton's debut album won her several awards, including three Grammy Awards (for Best New Artist and two consecutive awards for Best Female","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723700","text":"R&B Album in 2015. Throughout her career, Braxton has sold over 67 million records, including 41 million albums worldwide. She has won seven Grammy Awards, nine Billboard Music Awards, seven American Music Awards, among numerous other accolades. Aside from her success in music, Braxton has become a television executive producer and personality, being involved in the seventh season of the reality competition series \"Dancing with the Stars\" and in a reality series entitled \"Braxton Family Values\", where Braxton is executive producer and star since 2011 on We TV. Braxton is also an executive producer of its spin-off, starring her younger","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723702","text":"1977). They were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Braxton attended Bowie State University to obtain a teaching degree, but decided to sing professionally after she was discovered by William E. Pettaway Jr., who reportedly heard her singing to herself while pumping gas. On her appearance May 24, 2014 broadcast of NPR's \"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!\", she stated that she was not singing to herself at the gas station. Pettaway, working as an attendant at the Annapolis service station where she was refueling, recognized her from local performances","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"16407858","text":"a new management deal with Los Angeles-based entertainment/production company The Collective LA. Toni announced at Mercedes-Benz 2012 Fall/Winter Fashion Week in an interview with Rocco Leo Gaglioti as a part of \"Fashion News Live\" that she would be releasing a new single titled \"I Heart You\" in March and a yet-untitled album in May. \"I Heart You\" was released and made available for free digital download through website Pro Motion on March 9, 2012. The track was written and produced by Toni Braxton and Keri Lewis. Toni later spoke about writing sessions for the song, saying: \"When I wrote this","title":"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"20576336","text":"Cigarettes\". A behind-the-scenes video was released on Braxton's Instagram account featuring the auditions of dancers for the music video for \"Long as I Live\". On March 21, 2018, Braxton teased a 26-second video of the music video, announcing that it would premiere on WEtv after the season six premiere of \"Braxton Family Values\" on March 22, 2018. The audio video was released to Braxton's Vevo channel on February 9, 2018. The music video was recorded on March 6, 2018, and released on March 23, 2018 Digital download Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song) \"Long as I Live\" is a","title":"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"3922726","text":"copies worldwide, Braxton filed a suit to be released from her contract with Arista and LaFace records in Los Angeles Superior Court, citing a law that states employers may not enforce labor or service after seven years. After a year of legal issues, Braxton settled her lawsuit with LaFace Records, with plans to release a new album in May 1999. In February 1999, Babyface told MTV News, \"We're getting ready head back in the studio with Toni and we've got everything worked out, and we're really excited about getting back into the studio, getting back to the music.\" However, only","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"2723723","text":"The album was certified gold in late 2005 and has since sold 679,000 copies worldwide. Braxton recorded a song in 2006 with Il Divo, titled \"The Time of Our Lives\". The song was used as the official 2006 FIFA World Cup anthem and was performed at the opening ceremony in Berlin, Germany, on June 9. The song was also performed at the closing ceremonies making Braxton and Il Divo the first artists to be asked to perform for the opening and closing ceremonies. Braxton made an appearance on the season finale of \"American Idol 5\", where she performed Elvis Presley's","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723719","text":"track, Braxton withheld it from being released. The same year, Braxton was further annoyed, when Jay-Z used the same sample of 2Pac's \"Me and My Girlfriend\", that she had already used on her track \"Me & My Boyfriend\" for his and Beyoncé's \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\". She then starred in \"Aida\" as Aida beginning June 30, 2003 when she replaced Simone and left the cast on November 16, 2003 where she was replaced by Michelle Williams. In April 2003, Braxton abruptly left Arista Records, having been there for 14 years, and immediately signed with Blackground Records, headed by Barry Hankerson,","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"11827062","text":"Traci Braxton Traci Renee Braxton (born April 2, 1971), is an American singer, reality television personality and Radio personality. She is the younger sister of American R&B singer Toni Braxton. In 2011, Braxton reunited with her sisters for the WE tv reality show \"Braxton Family Values\". The first season was the #1 rated reality show on WE tv, and the network ordered a 13-episode second season of the show after the third episode. In 2013, she got her own radio show called \"The Traci Braxton Show\" on the BLIS.F.M. radio. The show is a success. Her solo debut album, \"Crash","title":"Traci Braxton"},{"psg_id":"4938219","text":"Braxton released her first compilation album, \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\", in 2003. Later, in 2004, BMG Heritage Records released her second greatest hits compilation, titled \"Platinum & Gold\" compilation. The collection includes 12 tracks, such as her hits \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", \"Another Sad Love Song,\" \"Breathe Again,\" \"You Mean the World to Me,\" \"Un-Break My Heart,\" but not \"You're Makin' Me High\". The album also features the non-single \"A Better Man\", taken from \"More Than a Woman\". Jason Birchmeier of \"Allmusic\" gave the compilation 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing that, \"\"Platinum & Gold Collection\" rounds up and remasters most","title":"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"6284793","text":"signed a solo recording contract with LaFace Records, a joint venture between the producing duo Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds from former recording group The Deele, and distributor Arista Records. Her subsequently released first two albums \"Toni Braxon\" (1993) and \"Secrets\" (1996) became critical and commercial hits and sold a combined 21 million copies, earning $170 million in worldwide sales. By late 1996, Braxton was still waiting for fair financial rewards. Her recording contract with LaFace was substantially below those of other recording artists and bound her to refund all kinds of expenses the label had financed in","title":"Libra (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"20346413","text":"debut track from her upcoming album, which is set for release at the top of 2018, and sees the singer exploring a complicated love.\" \"Rap-Up\" gave a positive review of the track stating \"Toni Braxton comes back to life with 'Deadwood,' the first single off her forthcoming album \"Sex & Cigarettes\". Over guitar strums, hard drums, and soothing violin strings, the R&B songbird sings about heartbreak and rejuvenation with a soulful air.\" The music video was filmed on August 24, 2017, and directed by Bille Woodruff. The audio video for the song was released to Braxton's Vevo account on September","title":"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)"},{"psg_id":"14049319","text":"Atlantic family, and for me it was an opportunity of a lifetime. Toni Braxton is not only one of the greatest voices of all time, but she is a charismatic superstar with an incredible list of achievements.\" Production for the album took place during September 2008 to March 2010 and was handled by several record producers, including David Foster, Harvey Mason, Jr., Frank E, Oak, Lucas Secon, Simon Franglen and Dapo Torimiro. The entertainment outlet \"Rap-Up\" revealed that Braxton's album would feature collaborations with Lucas Secon; Harvey Mason, Jr.; Oak; and Troy Taylor as well as collaborations with Robin Thicke,","title":"Pulse (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"9809749","text":"version was composed with the songs from the compilation, with the exception of \"Spanish Guitar\", that is featured on the regular version, instead of the \"Royal Garden\" remix present on \"The Essential\". The singles \"I Love Me Some Him\" and \"Hit the Freeway weren't on the Brazilian edition. Andy Kellman of \"Allmusic\" gave to the compilation a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars, writing that the album \"amounts to an expanded update of 2003's Ultimate Toni Braxton, nearly doubling the content and digging deeper into the discography of one of the biggest R&B artists of the '90s. With the","title":"The Essential Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"11827071","text":"2016 titled \"Body Shots\" from her upcoming second studio album. On September 26, 2017, Braxton was featured on the Kokayi rapper title \"\"Moonlight\"\". On April 20, 2018, she was released the single \"Broken Things\" featuring her sisters Toni, Towanda and Trina. On August 3, 2018 Traci Braxton released “Lifeline” as the official lead single from her sophomore album, “On Earth”, which was released on August 24, 2018 In the same time, she made her movie acting debut in the feature film \"Sinners Wanted\". Traci Braxton Traci Renee Braxton (born April 2, 1971), is an American singer, reality television personality and","title":"Traci Braxton"},{"psg_id":"11827065","text":"in 1977). Braxton and her siblings were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \"Good Life\". It would be their only single as a fivesome. \"Good Life\" was not a hit, peaking at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records.","title":"Traci Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723735","text":"damages because of the cancelled shows, being sued by multiple companies, and had to once again file for bankruptcy, as announced on October 7, 2010. As of 2013, Braxton has completed required financial management courses and most of her debt has been discharged. Later that year rumors began circulating that Braxton was in talks to star in her own reality show with Bravo. Braxton would later confirm the rumors during an appearance on Ellen after a performance of her single \"Make My Heart\". In January 2011, WE tv confirmed that it had signed Braxton for a reality series, \"Braxton Family","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"11827072","text":"Trina Braxton Trina Evette Braxton (born December 3, 1974) is an American singer, actress and reality television personality. She is a younger sister of R&B singing icon Toni Braxton. Trina had her first big break in music in 1992 as a founding member of the R&B group The Braxtons, formed with her sisters. After losing two members, The Braxtons released their only album, \"So Many Ways\", as a trio in 1996 along with four singles: \"So Many Ways\", \"Only Love\", \"The Boss\", and \"Slow Flow\". In 2011, Braxton reunited with her sisters for the WE tv reality show, \"Braxton Family","title":"Trina Braxton"},{"psg_id":"3922698","text":"topped the charts in Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland, while reaching the top five in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, and Sweden, and the top 10 in Ireland. In Oceania, the album reached number 11 in both Australia and New Zealand; it has been certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). By May 2010, \"Secrets\" had sold 15 million copies worldwide. Notes Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Secrets\". Musicians Artwork Technical Secrets (Toni Braxton album) Secrets is the second studio album by American singer","title":"Secrets (Toni Braxton album)"},{"psg_id":"2723734","text":"financial losses that occurred as results of concert cancellations. The policy was reported to insure Braxton up to $2.8 million. Lloyd's of London responded with a counter-suit seeking damages against Braxton and remarked that Braxton's policy was null and void because of an unrelated heart condition that the company was not made aware of at the time the application was filed. Braxton responded to the counter-suit by saying that she did disclose her full medical history at the time. As a result of the insurance company nullifying Braxton's contract, Braxton has said that she was on the hook for all","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723724","text":"\"In the Ghetto\" with soon-to-be winner Taylor Hicks. On May 19, 2006, the Flamingo Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas announced that Braxton would replace Wayne Newton as the casino's new headlining act from August 3, 2006. The show, entitled , was to be performed six nights a week and was scheduled to run through to March 2007. Braxton later confirmed that she was extending her show through to August 2007. Due to its success, it was reported that Braxton would extend her show through to August 2008. The show was later cancelled in order for Braxton to focus on","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723726","text":"Court for the Southern District of New York against her former manager Barry Hankerson for $10 million, alleging \"fraud, deception and double dealing\", in addition to mismanaging her relationship with Arista Records. According to Braxton's lawsuit, Hankerson placed his personal financial interests ahead of hers by using 'double-talk' to compromise the relationship between Braxton and her former recording label, Arista Records, with Hankerson allegedly telling Arista that \"Braxton no longer wanted to record for Arista\", and telling Braxton that \"Arista was not interested in working with her anymore\". The suit was settled with Braxton being forced to return a $375,000","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723728","text":"show was confirmed on August 25, 2008 on \"Good Morning America\", which confirmed Braxton as a contestant in the season with her partner being Alec Mazo. They were voted off in the fifth week of the competition. In October 2008, it was announced, that Braxton signed to Atlantic Records. In the November 2008 issue of \"Jet\", Braxton discussed her time spent on \"Dancing with the Stars\" as well as dealing with her son's autism. Braxton also talked about being signed to Atlantic Records and the debut of her upcoming single. The DJ Frank E produced song \"Yesterday\" premiered on September","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"2723738","text":"number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Dance/Club play chart. The music video for \"I Heart You\" was directed by Bille Woodruff. Shortly after the release of I Heart You rumors began circulating that Braxton would soon retire. These rumors would later be confirmed by Braxton herself on February 7, 2013. Braxton flew to Canada to begin shooting for her lead role in \"Twist of Faith\" later that year. Braxton appeared on Good Morning America to promote her new movie when she also confirmed the rumors of her retirement revealing that she is retiring from music and stated that she would like","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"psg_id":"20507684","text":"Braxton Family Values (season 6) The sixth season of \"Braxton Family Values\", an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. \"Braxton Family Values\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. On July 19, 2017, Trina Braxton said in a radio interview with ET Cali","title":"Braxton Family Values (season 6)"},{"psg_id":"20009266","text":"Braxton Family Values (season 5) The fifth season of \"Braxton Family Values\", an American reality television series, broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on May 19, 2016, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Vincent Herbert, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton. \"Braxton Family Values\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. A teaser trailer revealing the renewal of \"Braxton Family Values\" season 5 was","title":"Braxton Family Values (season 5)"},{"psg_id":"4762100","text":"toddler. The Braxton children would eventually enter in their church choir, where their father Michael Braxton was a pastor. Sisters Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \"Good Life\". \"Good Life\" was unsuccessful only peaking at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records. In 1991, during a showcase with L.A. Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, who were","title":"Tamar Braxton"},{"psg_id":"20507686","text":"WE tv announced that the remainder of the season would begin to air on August 16, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Braxton Family Values (season 6) The sixth season of \"Braxton Family Values\", an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. \"Braxton Family Values\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina —","title":"Braxton Family Values (season 6)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19653516\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton: Revealed Toni Braxton: Revealed was the first and only residency show by American singer Toni Braxton. It was performed at The Showroom at the Flamingo Las Vegas until the announcement of its cancellation on April 6, 2008. On May 19, 2006, the Flamingo Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas announced that Braxton would replace Wayne Newton as the casino's new headlining act from December 3, 2006. The show, entitled \\\"Toni Braxton: Revealed\\\", was to be performed six nights a week and was scheduled to run through to March 2007. Braxton later confirmed that she was extending her show\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton: Revealed\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723697\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \\\"L.A.\\\" Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart in the United States, selling 10 million copies worldwide and\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723760\",\n \"text\": \"2012 because of \\\"minor health issues\\\" related to lupus. Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \\\"L.A.\\\" Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart in\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4937775\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton (album) Toni Braxton is the debut studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on July 13, 1993, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" debuted at number 36 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and later spent two non-consecutive weeks atop the chart as well as three non-consecutive weeks atop the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It has sold 5,135,000 copies in the United States and 10 million copies worldwide. The album was primarily produced by L.A. Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons. The first single, \\\"Another Sad Love Song\\\", peaked at numbers seven and two on the\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4937777\",\n \"text\": \"Awards (for Favorite Soul/R&B New Artist and Favorite New Adult Contemporary Artist) in 1994 and another one in 1995 (for Favorite Soul/R&B Album). In Japan, the album was released as \\\"Love Affair\\\", also a song on the album. The Japanese edition contains the same track listing as the standard version; the only difference is the Obi strip and the bonus lyrics booklet written in Japanese. Notes Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Toni Braxton\\\". Musicians Artwork Technical Toni Braxton (album) Toni Braxton is the debut studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on July 13, 1993,\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19284515\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart (also known as Unbreak My Heart) is a 2016 American television biographical film about R&B singer Toni Braxton. It premiered at Lifetime on January 23, 2016. It derives its title from Braxton's book \\\"Toni Braxton Unbreak My Heart a Memoir\\\" and her most notable hit \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\". The film stars Lex Scott Davis as Toni Braxton, Debbi Morgan as Evelyn Braxton, Skye P. Marshall as Towanda Braxton, Tiffany Hines as Tamar Braxton and Gavin Houston as Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds. The film was directed by Vondie Curtis Hall and written\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4938182\",\n \"text\": \"Ultimate Toni Braxton Ultimate Toni Braxton, released in 2003, is the first greatest hits collection by R&B singer Toni Braxton. It features many of her greatest hits, and includes all the singles from her debut \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" and all but one of the singles from her second album \\\"Secrets\\\". Her albums \\\"The Heat\\\" and \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" are fairly underrepresented, as only two and one songs are included from each album, respectively. The songs on \\\"Ultimate\\\" are not the actual album versions but radio edits, and the version of \\\"Seven Whole Days\\\" is live. The album also includes two\",\n \"title\": \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17703674\",\n \"text\": \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton Artist Collection: Toni Braxton is the third greatest hits compilation by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released in 2004 by BMG Heritage Records, exclusively released for South America. The compilation was released at the same time that \\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\" was released. In addition to her most famous hits, such as \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", \\\"Breathe Again\\\", \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" and others, the album collects some of Braxton's random tracks from her latest albums, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000), \\\"Snowflakes of Love\\\" (2001) and \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002). \\\"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\\\" is Braxton's third compilation\",\n \"title\": \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19706706\",\n \"text\": \"Greet Experience includes one premium reserved seat in the first 7 rows, meet & greet with Toni Braxton, an individual photo with Toni Braxton, one autographed 8x10 photograph, one exclusive signed lyrical print, early entry, first access merchandise shopping and one commemorative VIP laminate. The Gold VIP Meet & Greet Experience includes one premium seat within the first 2 rows, Meet & Greet with Toni Braxton, individual photograph with Toni Braxton, intimate Q&A with Toni Braxton, one autographed 8x10 photograph, one exclusive signed lyrical print, one scented candle (scent chosen by Toni Braxton exclusive to VIP buyers), early entry, first\",\n \"title\": \"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9809752\",\n \"text\": \"the chart. The Brazilian version, titled \\\"The Best So Far\\\", was a success in Brazil, reaching a gold status, for selling over 30,000 copies, and later receiving a platinum certification, for selling over 60,000 copies. The Essential Toni Braxton The Essential Toni Braxton is a compilation album by the American recording artist Toni Braxton in Sony BMG's \\\"The Essential\\\" series. Released in February 2007, it follows the earlier compilations \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\", released in 2003, and Braxton's \\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\", released in 2004. \\\"The Essential\\\" is a 2 disc album with thirty-six of Braxton's best songs. It also includes\",\n \"title\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9809746\",\n \"text\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton The Essential Toni Braxton is a compilation album by the American recording artist Toni Braxton in Sony BMG's \\\"The Essential\\\" series. Released in February 2007, it follows the earlier compilations \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\", released in 2003, and Braxton's \\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\", released in 2004. \\\"The Essential\\\" is a 2 disc album with thirty-six of Braxton's best songs. It also includes a song done with her sister group The Braxtons, \\\"The Good Life\\\". In Brazil, the album was released under the name \\\"The Best So Far\\\" with an alternative cover and a different track list. \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20346411\",\n \"text\": \"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Deadwood\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on September 14, 2017. The song serves as the lead single from Braxton's eighth studio album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Royce Doherty, Kwame Ogoo and Fred Ball and produced by Ball. On August 25, 2017, it was announced that director Bille Woodruff was directing a new music video for Braxton confirming the name of a new single titled \\\"Deadwood\\\". On September 5, 2017, in an interview with \\\"The Insider\\\", Braxton confirmed the title of her upcoming eighth studio album \\\"Sex &\",\n \"title\": \"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19284519\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Whitney,\\\" the January 2015 biopic on Whitney Houston. The film has a IMDb raiting of a 6.5 out of 10 stars. \\\"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\\\" was released digitally on to Amazon on January 22, 2016 and to DVD under the title Toni Braxton: The Movie Event on June 14, 2016 available in region 1 (U.S and Canada only). Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart (also known as Unbreak My Heart) is a 2016 American television biographical film about R&B singer Toni Braxton. It premiered at Lifetime on January 23, 2016. It derives its title from\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19653519\",\n \"text\": \"likewise has become a smoother, more graceful showcase over time.\\\" This set list is representative of the performance on August 3, 2006. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the residency. Note: The setlist may have changed their order as they advanced the dates. Toni Braxton: Revealed Toni Braxton: Revealed was the first and only residency show by American singer Toni Braxton. It was performed at The Showroom at the Flamingo Las Vegas until the announcement of its cancellation on April 6, 2008. On May 19, 2006, the Flamingo Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas announced that\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton: Revealed\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4938187\",\n \"text\": \"why.\\\" The album charted very modestly on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart, only reaching number 119. However, it fared better on the Top R&B Albums chart, peaking at number 43. Even with the modest peak, the album managed to sell over 400,000 copies in the United States, as of 2013. In the UK, the album charted higher, peaking at number 23. In July 2013, the album was certified gold, for selling over 100,000 copies. Ultimate Toni Braxton Ultimate Toni Braxton, released in 2003, is the first greatest hits collection by R&B singer Toni Braxton. It features many of her greatest hits,\",\n \"title\": \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19706707\",\n \"text\": \"access merchandise shopping and one commemorative VIP laminate. The Ultimate On-Stage VIP Experience includes one first row seat to the event, watch Toni Braxton’s set from your own seat on stage, Meet & Greet with Toni Braxton, individual photograph with Toni Braxton, intimate Q&A with Toni Braxton, one autographed 8x10 photograph, one exclusive signed lyrical print, one scented candle (scent chosen by Toni Braxton exclusive to VIP buyers), early entry, first access merchandise shopping and one commemorative VIP laminate. On October 11, 2016 it was announced that the first show was sold out. The following setlist is from the concert\",\n \"title\": \"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20346414\",\n \"text\": \"14, 2017. The music video priemered on October 6, 2017 Digital download Deadwood (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Deadwood\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on September 14, 2017. The song serves as the lead single from Braxton's eighth studio album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Royce Doherty, Kwame Ogoo and Fred Ball and produced by Ball. On August 25, 2017, it was announced that director Bille Woodruff was directing a new music video for Braxton confirming the name of a new single titled \\\"Deadwood\\\". On September 5, 2017, in an interview with \\\"The Insider\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19966585\",\n \"text\": \"and musicians Technical personnel Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song) \\\"Roller Coster\\\" is a song recorded by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface taken from their collaborative studio album Love, Marriage & Divorce (2014). It was written by Babyface, Daryl Simmons, Antonio Dixon and produced by Babyface. Following the released of Love, Marriage & Divorce, the song debuted on the Adult R&B chart at number seventeen on June 14, 2014. The song spent a total of eighteen weeks on the chart alone. The song was performed on the Toni Braxton & Babyface African Tour in 2015. Song credits\",\n \"title\": \"Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19966584\",\n \"text\": \"Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song) \\\"Roller Coster\\\" is a song recorded by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface taken from their collaborative studio album Love, Marriage & Divorce (2014). It was written by Babyface, Daryl Simmons, Antonio Dixon and produced by Babyface. Following the released of Love, Marriage & Divorce, the song debuted on the Adult R&B chart at number seventeen on June 14, 2014. The song spent a total of eighteen weeks on the chart alone. The song was performed on the Toni Braxton & Babyface African Tour in 2015. Song credits taken from Discogs. Performers\",\n \"title\": \"Roller Coaster (Toni Braxton and Babyface song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15723528\",\n \"text\": \"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton is the fourth greatest hits compilation album by R&B singer Toni Braxton. It is a part of Sony BMG's \\\"Playlist\\\" series. It was released in the United States on October 28, 2008. \\\"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton\\\" is the fourth compilation released by Braxton, following \\\"The Essential Toni Braxton, in 2007. The album was released on October 28, 2008, by Legacy Recordings, being part of Sony BMG's \\\"Playlist\\\" series. The track list contains Braxton most successful singles, with a few different tracks, such as\",\n \"title\": \"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8571214\",\n \"text\": \"a peeper (played by James C. Mathis III) looks in. Although the video was never released, Braxton shows a clip of the never-before-seen video on her DVD \\\"From Toni with Love: DVD Collection\\\". It was later leaked onto YouTube with the unreleased video for \\\"The Heat\\\" following it. Maybe (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Maybe\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). It was released to urban adult contemporary radio in the United States on February 6, 2001, as the album's fourth and final single. The music video for \\\"Maybe\\\", directed by Chris\",\n \"title\": \"Maybe (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723720\",\n \"text\": \"her manager at the time. The change of scenery, however, did not ultimately help her recording career. As had been the case during her final years at Arista, Braxton's fifth album, and first release on Blackground, \\\"Libra\\\" (2005) was released. In 2004, Braxton appeared as herself, voicing a singing character named Toni, in a special episode and DVD release of the children's television show \\\"Blue's Clues\\\". In September 2004, it was announced that Braxton would star in a half-hour sitcom pilot where she would play a version of herself for The WB Television Network's fall 2006–07 lineup, though plans to\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11827074\",\n \"text\": \"Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton, Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton has an older brother Michael, Jr. (born in 1968) and four sisters Toni (born in 1967), Towanda (born in 1973), Traci (born in 1971), and Tamar (born in 1977). Braxton and her siblings were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and\",\n \"title\": \"Trina Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723752\",\n \"text\": \"her duet with Il Divo, \\\"The Time of Our Lives\\\". Toni Braxton became an immediate R&B superstar after the release of her first album. LA Reid stated during an interview with VH1: \\\"We called her the first lady of LaFace. She was our Diva. Clive had Whitney, Tommy had Mariah and we had Toni.\\\" BBC called the album \\\"spiritedly, mature soul at its best – and just urban enough to make it the bedroom album for the hip hop generation.\\\" Braxton had the sound of R&B greats like Anita Baker and the sex appeal to compete with fellow superstars Mariah\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723704\",\n \"text\": \"for the soundtrack of Eddie Murphy's film, \\\"Boomerang\\\". Baker, who was pregnant at the time, did not record the song but suggested, that Braxton record it. Her recording was later included on the soundtrack along with \\\"Give U My Heart\\\", a duet by Braxton and Babyface. Braxton, meanwhile, was signed to Reid and Edmonds' Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records, and immediately began recording her solo debut album. On July 13, 1993, LaFace Records released Braxton's self-titled debut album, \\\"Toni Braxton\\\". The album, which was primarily produced by Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons, peaked at number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" 200\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8571213\",\n \"text\": \"Maybe (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Maybe\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). It was released to urban adult contemporary radio in the United States on February 6, 2001, as the album's fourth and final single. The music video for \\\"Maybe\\\", directed by Chris Robinson, remained unreleased as Braxton felt it was too risqué. The treatment saw Braxton arriving home from the 2001 Grammy Awards ceremony after winning the award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\". She enters in the infamous dress and begins to undress while\",\n \"title\": \"Maybe (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16407857\",\n \"text\": \"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song) \\\"I Heart You\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written and produced by Toni Braxton & Keri Lewis. The song was released as a non-album single. Musically, the song is a dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about being in love with someone and desiring that the person feels the same. The song received positive reviews, most critics commended the track for having a \\\"dance vibe\\\" and an \\\"anthemic chorus\\\". In 2011, Toni Braxton became an independent artist by parting ways with, her then manager, Vincent Herbert and signing\",\n \"title\": \"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17694986\",\n \"text\": \"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best is the fourth greatest hits compilation album by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released on April 26, 2005, through Sony BMG Music Entertainment. The compilation includes Braxton's hits, such as \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", \\\"Breathe Again\\\", \\\"You're Makin' Me High\\\", along with some non-singles from her debut album and \\\"More Than a Woman\\\". \\\"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best\\\" is the fourth compilation (and third greatest hits compilation) released by Braxton, following the remix compilation \\\"\\\", also released in 2005. The compilation was released on April\",\n \"title\": \"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723755\",\n \"text\": \"decade. \\\"I've always gone a little risque with all my other award show outfits.\\\" In 2012, Braxton made the list for VH1's 50 Greatest Women in Music. Braxton's 2000 performance at Super Bowl XXXIV is ranked as one of the most memorable Super Bowl performances. Braxton cemented her diva status in the music industry in 2006, with her Las Vegas residency \\\"Toni Braxton: Revealed\\\", by becoming the first African American performer in Las Vegas to have her act enter the top ten Vegas shows charting. Braxton also made headlines for her signature and legendary Giantto Million Dollar Microphone that she\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3922689\",\n \"text\": \"Secrets (Toni Braxton album) Secrets is the second studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on June 18, 1996, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. The album was nominated for Best Pop Album at the 1997 Grammy Awards. \\\"Secrets\\\" has been certified octuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Worldwide, the album has sold over 15 million copies. In support of the album, Braxton embarked on the Secrets Tour, playing dates in North America and Europe from August 1996 to October 1997. The album's first song \\\"Come On Over Here\\\" is a \\\"finger-poppingly upbeat\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Secrets (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723706\",\n \"text\": \"R&B Vocal Performance in 1994 and 1995). She won two American Music Awards (for Favorite Soul/R&B New Artist and Favorite New Adult Contemporary Artist) in 1994 and another one in 1995 (for Favorite Soul/R&B Album). \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" was certified 8x platinum in USA and has sales of over 10 million worldwide. In June 1996, Braxton released her second and most successful album, \\\"Secrets\\\". Braxton said of the album: \\\"The motivation for this album was to include a little bit of everything. Our aim was to come up with material, that would have a familiar 'feel' to the people, who bought\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723758\",\n \"text\": \"settled her contentious child support case with her former husband, Keri Lewis. On June 2, 2016, the City and County officials named June 2 as Toni Braxton day in Atlanta, Georgia. As of August 2007, rumors surfaced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Braxton stated to \\\"Access Hollywood\\\", that the breast cancer rumors were false and that her health is in great condition. However, in 2008, she had a benign lump removed from her breast. On April 8, 2008, near the end of her two-year run at the Flamingo Hotel, Braxton was briefly hospitalized and the remaining dates\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8571094\",\n \"text\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Suddenly\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \\\"\\\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \\\"Sundown\\\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.\",\n \"title\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8571093\",\n \"text\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Suddenly\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \\\"\\\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \\\"Sundown\\\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.\",\n \"title\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6586562\",\n \"text\": \"charted inside the top-forty on the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, topping the Billboard's Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart and later debuting at number 78 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Later, the song climbed to number 40, before peaking at number 36. It marked Braxton's lowest-charting lead single then. An accompanying music video for the song, directed by Chris Robinson, was released in late June 2005. It features Braxton wearing different clothes and wigs, while also dancing with backup dancers. Credits adapted from liner notes of \\\"Libra\\\". Please (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Please\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton.\",\n \"title\": \"Please (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723736\",\n \"text\": \"Values\\\", which is marketed as one of the network's flagship shows. The series debuted April 12, 2011, and looks at the relationship between the singer-songwriter Braxton, her mother, and her four sisters; Trina, Tamar, Traci and Towanda – all aspiring singers themselves – along with the interpersonal relationships of each family member. The show also looks at Braxton's heavily publicized separation from estranged husband, singer Keri Lewis. Toni parted ways with her long-time manager Vincent Herbert, who is also husband of sister Tamar Braxton, and signed a new management deal with Los Angeles -based entertainment/production company 'The Collective'. Braxton completed\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19284516\",\n \"text\": \"by Susan McMartin, Toni Braxton and Nicole Jefferson. The biopic follows the Toni Braxton's journey from her discovery by mega producers L.A. Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, to her battle with Lupus. The movie also delves into how she made it through her public divorce all while navigating her son's autism and family struggles. \\\"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\\\" chronicles the untold measures the wildly talented artist took to make herself and her family whole again, becoming a global inspiration. On September 15, 2015 it was announced Lifetime Network green lighted the original movie, based on Toni Braxton's memoir \\\"Unbreak\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16407865\",\n \"text\": \"videos from \\\"Pulse\\\". Nick Denbeigh makes a cameo appearance portraying three roles: the sexy dream hunk, the romantic leading man, and the hot club DJ. A review from \\\"Rap-Up\\\" wrote that \\\"Looking gorgeous in a number of sexy outfits, the iconic singer seduces the camera and busts out a few dance moves of her own.\\\" I Heart You (Toni Braxton song) \\\"I Heart You\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written and produced by Toni Braxton & Keri Lewis. The song was released as a non-album single. Musically, the song is a dance-pop song and\",\n \"title\": \"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17694988\",\n \"text\": \"'He Wasn't Man Enough,' you get 'Candlelight' and 'Always.' This makes no sense.\\\" He concluded the review, stating that, \\\"There's no reason why Sony BMG should've formatted the compilation in this manner. It's of no help to anyone.\\\" \\\"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best\\\" charted at number 84 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Top R&B Albums. Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best is the fourth greatest hits compilation album by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released on April 26, 2005, through Sony BMG Music Entertainment. The compilation includes Braxton's hits, such as\",\n \"title\": \"Breathe Again: Toni Braxton at Her Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4938218\",\n \"text\": \"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album) Platinum & Gold Collection, released in 2004, is the second greatest hits compilation by Toni Braxton, following \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\" released in 2003. It is a budget CD with fewer songs than \\\"Ultimate\\\", but it has the remix versions of some songs. Although the album was not given a proper release in the United States and is considered an international release, it has sold 281,518 copies in the US as of February 2012. After failing to spawn any substantial hits of her last two albums, \\\"Snowflakes\\\" (2001) and \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002),\",\n \"title\": \"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19706701\",\n \"text\": \"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton) The Hits Tour is a concert tour by American R&B/pop singer Toni Braxton. The 17-date outing kicked off on October 12 in Detroit, at the MotorCity Casino Hotel, visiting major cities in the United States, and completed its final night in Ohio on November 14, 2016. The tour featured special guests including Kenny G, Joe, Ro James and Tank. Braxton announced she will start a US tour in the fall, performing in varies states, and will perform all of her chart-topping singles during The Hits Tour. Braxton shared the news via Instagram on July 25,\",\n \"title\": \"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3922739\",\n \"text\": \"Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Heat\\\". Musicians Technical Artwork The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \\\"The Art of Love\\\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \\\"Left Eye\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3922724\",\n \"text\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \\\"The Art of Love\\\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \\\"Left Eye\\\" Lopes. \\\"The Heat\\\" opened at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 with\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9809747\",\n \"text\": \"Essential Toni Braxton\\\" became Braxton's second compilation, following 2003's \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\". The compilation contains 2 discs, with the first containing the majority of her hits, and the second containing non-singles from her previous albums, as well as remixes, collaborations and unreleased tracks. It was released on February 20, 2007 in the United States. In Brazil, the compilation was released with a different name and track list, being titled, \\\"The Best So Far\\\", with 14 tracks, and it was released in April, 2007. In addition to her previous hits, including \\\"Another Sad Love Song\\\", \\\"Breathe Again\\\", \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", \\\"You're\",\n \"title\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4937985\",\n \"text\": \"Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album) Snowflakes is the fourth studio album and first Christmas album by American singer Toni Braxton, released on October 23, 2001 by Arista Records. Shaggy features as the only collaboration on the album. The album was preceded by two singles \\\"Snowflakes of Love\\\" and \\\"Christmas in Jamaica\\\". In the United States, the album had sold 538,000 copies as of February 2012. \\\"Snowflakes of Love\\\" was released as the lead single from the album in 2001. The song charted at number twenty-five on the Adult Contemporary chart on January 5, 2002. \\\"Christmas in Jamaica\\\" featuring Shaggy was released\",\n \"title\": \"Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723733\",\n \"text\": \"was recorded on February 1, 2010. Music legends Quincy Jones and Lionel Richie act as Executive Producers as well as Wyclef Jean. Artists involved included Celine Dion, Barbra Streisand, Janet Jackson, Tony Bennett, Wyclef Jean, Josh Groban, Pink, Usher, Mary J. Blige, Jennifer Hudson, Adam Levine, Justin Bieber, LL Cool J, among others. According to Braxton, via a lawsuit, TMZ, and VH1's Behind the Music, after her \\\"Toni Braxton: Revealed\\\" show was abruptly cancelled back in 2008, the insurance agency, Lloyd's of London refused to honor her policy that she purchased for upwards of $70,000 that included financial compensations for\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14049317\",\n \"text\": \"Pulse (Toni Braxton album) Pulse is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Toni Braxton. It was released on May 4, 2010, by Atlantic Records. This is her first album in five years and serves as her debut for the Atlantic label, after signing a new record deal. Production for the album took place during September 2008 to March 2010, while it was handled by several record producers, including David Foster, Harvey Mason, Jr., Frank E, Oak, Lucas Secon, Simon Franglen and Dapo Torimiro. \\\"Pulse\\\" features up-tempo songs and R&B ballads with production varying from smooth to dance-based\",\n \"title\": \"Pulse (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4937987\",\n \"text\": \"at number ninety-two on the German Album Charts making it the only country in Europe outside of the United States to chart. Sample credits Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album) Snowflakes is the fourth studio album and first Christmas album by American singer Toni Braxton, released on October 23, 2001 by Arista Records. Shaggy features as the only collaboration on the album. The album was preceded by two singles \\\"Snowflakes of Love\\\" and \\\"Christmas in Jamaica\\\". In the United States, the album had sold 538,000 copies as of February 2012. \\\"Snowflakes of Love\\\" was released as the lead single from the album\",\n \"title\": \"Snowflakes (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6284791\",\n \"text\": \"Libra (Toni Braxton album) Libra is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was released by Blackground Records on September 27, 2005 in the United States, while its international release was handled by several partners. It marked Braxton's debut on the label, following her split with longtime record company Arista Records in 2003 after the release of her album \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002), which was commercially less successful than its predecessors. The album's title is a reference to Braxton's astrological sign, Libra. Upon its release, the album debuted at number four on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200\",\n \"title\": \"Libra (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6284810\",\n \"text\": \"success of the project when asked about the commercial failure of her albums from the mid to late 2000s, including \\\"Libra\\\": \\\"Those albums – that's like that one-night stand that you don't want to talk about,\\\" she said. \\\"You don't want anyone to know about those records that didn't do well. I had a few of those. Definitely a few.\\\" Notes Sample credits Libra (Toni Braxton album) Libra is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was released by Blackground Records on September 27, 2005 in the United States, while its international release was handled by\",\n \"title\": \"Libra (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20576335\",\n \"text\": \"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Long as I Live\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on February 9, 2018. The song serves as the second single from Braxton's eighth studio album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Paul Boutin, and Antonio Dixon and produced by Dixon. The song received two Grammy nominations for Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. On February 27, 2018, Braxton appeared on the daytime show \\\"Loose Women\\\" to promote the single \\\"Long as I Live\\\" and her upcoming album \\\"Sex &\",\n \"title\": \"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14049331\",\n \"text\": \"has sold 16,588 in the United States. On the third week, the album drop to number 41. In Canada, \\\"Pulse\\\" debuted at number 72 on the Top 100 Albums chart, and in the United Kingdom, it debuted at number 28 on the Top 40 Albums and at number 7 on the R&B Albums chart. Notes Sample credits Credits for \\\"Pulse\\\" adapted from liner notes. Management Technical Art and imagery Pulse (Toni Braxton album) Pulse is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Toni Braxton. It was released on May 4, 2010, by Atlantic Records. This is her first\",\n \"title\": \"Pulse (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6586555\",\n \"text\": \"Please (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Please\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written by Scott Storch, Makeba Riddick, Vincent Herbert, and Kameron Houff for her fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\" (2005), while production was chiefly helmed by Storch. One out of several songs on the album to feature a more hard-edged production, \\\"Please\\\" is a spare, mid-tempo R&B and hip-hop song with a heavy bottom and zippy strings. Lyrically, it that talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. The track was released as the album's lead single to US rhythmic and urban AC radio\",\n \"title\": \"Please (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13791356\",\n \"text\": \"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Yesterday\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \\\"Pulse\\\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \\\"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\\\". Outside North America, the original version of the song was released, which features only Braxton's vocals. The song was a moderate success on \\\"Billboard\\\"'s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and peaked at number twelve. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 50 on the Official UK Singles top 100 Chart and at number 17 on R&B Singles\",\n \"title\": \"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723749\",\n \"text\": \"Lifetime Movie Network January 22, 2018. The second single \\\"Long as I Live\\\" was released on February 9, 2018. On April 20, 2018, Trina, Towanda and Toni appears as featuring on their sister Traci's single \\\"Broken Things\\\" On October 23, 2018, Braxton announced a joint tour with SWV, As Long As I Live Tour for 2019. Toni and her sister Towanda are the stars on the christmas tv movie \\\"Every Day is Christmas\\\" which premiered on the Lifetime Movie Network November 24, 2018. The album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\" is nominated for three Grammy Awards: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19706708\",\n \"text\": \"held at Sprint Center, in Kansas City, Missouri. It does not represent all shows during the tour. The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton) The Hits Tour is a concert tour by American R&B/pop singer Toni Braxton. The 17-date outing kicked off on October 12 in Detroit, at the MotorCity Casino Hotel, visiting major cities in the United States, and completed its final night in Ohio on November 14, 2016. The tour featured special guests including Kenny G, Joe, Ro James and Tank. Braxton announced she will start a US tour in the fall, performing in varies states, and will perform all\",\n \"title\": \"The Hits Tour (Toni Braxton)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17703676\",\n \"text\": \"compilation \\\"is an alternative to the more widely available \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\". On the surface, it appears to only be a shortened version of Ultimate Toni Braxton, with four less tracks, but a deeper look reveals a very different compilation. This set is recommendable only if you'd prefer to do without 'Another Sad Love Song,' 'I Love Me Some Him,' 'Hit the Freeway,' 'I Don't Want To,' and another handful of Braxton's U.S. chart hits. A comparison of the two discs does help show how the perception of an artist's best material can differ from territory to territory.\\\" Artist Collection:\",\n \"title\": \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13791362\",\n \"text\": \"twelve, making it her highest chart performance since her 2000 single \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", which peaked at number six. In the UK, \\\"Yesterday\\\" became Braxton's first hit single since the release of \\\"Hit the Freeway\\\", peaking at number 50 on the UK Singles Chart and at number seventeen on the UK R&B Singles Chart. Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Yesterday\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \\\"Pulse\\\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \\\"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4938184\",\n \"text\": \"to not reach the Top 10 and to not produce any hit singles. Later, Braxton discovered she was pregnant with her second child, which led her label to not release any more singles and the promotion of the album was interrupted. Ultimately, her label decided to release a greatest hits compilation in 2003. The compilation titled \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\" was released on November 4, 2003 by Arista Records. The track list is composed of Braxton's 18 songs, with 15 being her biggest hits, since her debut single with Babyface, \\\"Give U My Heart\\\", from 1992, until her biggest hit to\",\n \"title\": \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16407864\",\n \"text\": \"power ballad. While dance music may be big right now, can Braxton separate herself from everyone else with this 90s-influenced and Crystal Waters-inspired song and sound? The answer, yes she could, but at the same time, we still miss the ‘Unbreak My Heart’ and ‘He Wasn't Man Enough’ Toni Braxton we know and love.\\\" A music video for the song was shot on March 18, 2012. Pictures featuring Toni wearing a pink swimsuit were released. Bille Woodruff directed the video, he also has directed many of her videos, including \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" and her three latest\",\n \"title\": \"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4937776\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and R&B Singles charts, respectively. The album's second single, \\\"Breathe Again\\\", peaked in the top five of both the Hot 100 and R&B charts and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. More singles from \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" were released in 1994, including \\\"You Mean the World to Me\\\", \\\"Seven Whole Days\\\", and \\\"I Belong to You\\\"/\\\"How Many Ways\\\". The album received positive reviews and earned Braxton several awards, including three Grammy Awards (for Best New Artist and two consecutive awards for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 1994 and 1995). She also won two American Music\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8571097\",\n \"text\": \"the years. The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song) \\\"The Time of Our Lives\\\" is a song recorded by British operatic pop quartet Il Divo and American R&B singer Toni Braxton to serve as the official theme song for the 2006 FIFA World Cup football (soccer) tournament. Written by Jörgen Elofsson and produced by Steve Mac, the song appears on the compilation album \\\"Voices from the FIFA World Cup\\\" (2006) and on the 2006 European re-release of Braxton's fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\". Il Divo and Braxton performed \\\"The Time of Our Lives\\\" during the 2006 FIFA\",\n \"title\": \"The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8571095\",\n \"text\": \"The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song) \\\"The Time of Our Lives\\\" is a song recorded by British operatic pop quartet Il Divo and American R&B singer Toni Braxton to serve as the official theme song for the 2006 FIFA World Cup football (soccer) tournament. Written by Jörgen Elofsson and produced by Steve Mac, the song appears on the compilation album \\\"Voices from the FIFA World Cup\\\" (2006) and on the 2006 European re-release of Braxton's fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\". Il Divo and Braxton performed \\\"The Time of Our Lives\\\" during the 2006 FIFA World Cup\",\n \"title\": \"The Time of Our Lives (Il Divo and Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723712\",\n \"text\": \"which he specially wrote and composed for Braxton, and was still being used in the musical as of late July 2014. She left the production on February 28, 1999 and was succeeded by Andrea McArdle. Her role in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" marked the first (and only) time a black woman commanded the leading role of Belle on Broadway. (In the UK, Michelle Gayle played the role in the West End.) It also marked the first time a black woman would star in a Disney musical on Broadway. In 1999, the lawsuit against LaFace Records was settled and Toni was\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723757\",\n \"text\": \"fourth studio album, Braxton discovered she was pregnant with her second child; the complicated pregnancy confined her to bed rest. The couple's second son, Diezel Ky Braxton-Lewis, was born in March 2003. As Diezel has been diagnosed with autism, Braxton has become very involved with Autism Speaks, serving as their International Spokesperson. In November 2009 Braxton announced that she and her husband had separated. The couple later divorced in July 2013. Braxton began dating rapper Birdman in May 2016, and the couple announced their engagement in February 2018. On July 8, 2015, Braxton's Attorney, Antavius Weems announced that Braxton had\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9809751\",\n \"text\": \"stars, writing that, \\\"It's hard to imagine why this album was even released. [...] and while it's a nice thing to have, it's by no means essential. This compilation contains just about every popular note Braxton ever offered, with a couple of mediocre dance mixes thrown in to add a bit of value to the project. [...] As a single disc containing all the necessary hits, it's the album you should probably bypass this bloated Essential set in favor of.\\\" \\\"The Essential Toni Braxton\\\" charted on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, peaking at number 48, remaining for two weeks on\",\n \"title\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4938221\",\n \"text\": \"does so in first-rate fashion, in terms of remastering as well as packaging -- it's a compilation that is sure to leave you unsatisfied. You'd be better off spending the extra money to pick up a more definitive collection like the 18-track 'Ultimate Toni Braxton' from 2003 than this 50-minute budget-line CD.\\\" \\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\" peaked at number 78 on the Billboard's Top R&B Albums chart, spending 5 weeks on the chart, selling over 281,518 copies in the US as of February 2012. Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album) Platinum & Gold Collection, released in 2004, is the\",\n \"title\": \"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15723529\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Better Man\\\" from her fourth studio album, \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002), \\\"Maybe\\\", a single from \\\"The Heat\\\" and an Hex Hector remix for \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\". In 2013, a new version of the compilation was released, with a different cover art and track list. The new edition contains the singles \\\"Another Sad Love Song\\\", \\\"I Don't Want To\\\" and \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", who were scrapped from the first edition, as well as Braxton's latest singles, \\\"Yesterday\\\" and \\\"Hands Tied\\\". Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton is the fourth\",\n \"title\": \"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723705\",\n \"text\": \"albums chart. The first single, \\\"Another Sad Love Song\\\", peaked at number seven and number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and R&B Singles charts respectively. The album's second single, \\\"Breathe Again\\\", peaked in the top five of both the Hot 100 and R&B singles charts and no 2 in the UK. More singles from \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" were released in 1994, including \\\"You Mean the World to Me\\\", \\\"Seven Whole Days\\\", and \\\"I Belong to You/How Many Ways\\\". Braxton's debut album won her several awards, including three Grammy Awards (for Best New Artist and two consecutive awards for Best Female\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723700\",\n \"text\": \"R&B Album in 2015. Throughout her career, Braxton has sold over 67 million records, including 41 million albums worldwide. She has won seven Grammy Awards, nine Billboard Music Awards, seven American Music Awards, among numerous other accolades. Aside from her success in music, Braxton has become a television executive producer and personality, being involved in the seventh season of the reality competition series \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\" and in a reality series entitled \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\", where Braxton is executive producer and star since 2011 on We TV. Braxton is also an executive producer of its spin-off, starring her younger\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723702\",\n \"text\": \"1977). They were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Braxton attended Bowie State University to obtain a teaching degree, but decided to sing professionally after she was discovered by William E. Pettaway Jr., who reportedly heard her singing to herself while pumping gas. On her appearance May 24, 2014 broadcast of NPR's \\\"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!\\\", she stated that she was not singing to herself at the gas station. Pettaway, working as an attendant at the Annapolis service station where she was refueling, recognized her from local performances\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16407858\",\n \"text\": \"a new management deal with Los Angeles-based entertainment/production company The Collective LA. Toni announced at Mercedes-Benz 2012 Fall/Winter Fashion Week in an interview with Rocco Leo Gaglioti as a part of \\\"Fashion News Live\\\" that she would be releasing a new single titled \\\"I Heart You\\\" in March and a yet-untitled album in May. \\\"I Heart You\\\" was released and made available for free digital download through website Pro Motion on March 9, 2012. The track was written and produced by Toni Braxton and Keri Lewis. Toni later spoke about writing sessions for the song, saying: \\\"When I wrote this\",\n \"title\": \"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20576336\",\n \"text\": \"Cigarettes\\\". A behind-the-scenes video was released on Braxton's Instagram account featuring the auditions of dancers for the music video for \\\"Long as I Live\\\". On March 21, 2018, Braxton teased a 26-second video of the music video, announcing that it would premiere on WEtv after the season six premiere of \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\" on March 22, 2018. The audio video was released to Braxton's Vevo channel on February 9, 2018. The music video was recorded on March 6, 2018, and released on March 23, 2018 Digital download Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Long as I Live\\\" is a\",\n \"title\": \"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3922726\",\n \"text\": \"copies worldwide, Braxton filed a suit to be released from her contract with Arista and LaFace records in Los Angeles Superior Court, citing a law that states employers may not enforce labor or service after seven years. After a year of legal issues, Braxton settled her lawsuit with LaFace Records, with plans to release a new album in May 1999. In February 1999, Babyface told MTV News, \\\"We're getting ready head back in the studio with Toni and we've got everything worked out, and we're really excited about getting back into the studio, getting back to the music.\\\" However, only\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723723\",\n \"text\": \"The album was certified gold in late 2005 and has since sold 679,000 copies worldwide. Braxton recorded a song in 2006 with Il Divo, titled \\\"The Time of Our Lives\\\". The song was used as the official 2006 FIFA World Cup anthem and was performed at the opening ceremony in Berlin, Germany, on June 9. The song was also performed at the closing ceremonies making Braxton and Il Divo the first artists to be asked to perform for the opening and closing ceremonies. Braxton made an appearance on the season finale of \\\"American Idol 5\\\", where she performed Elvis Presley's\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723719\",\n \"text\": \"track, Braxton withheld it from being released. The same year, Braxton was further annoyed, when Jay-Z used the same sample of 2Pac's \\\"Me and My Girlfriend\\\", that she had already used on her track \\\"Me & My Boyfriend\\\" for his and Beyoncé's \\\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\\\". She then starred in \\\"Aida\\\" as Aida beginning June 30, 2003 when she replaced Simone and left the cast on November 16, 2003 where she was replaced by Michelle Williams. In April 2003, Braxton abruptly left Arista Records, having been there for 14 years, and immediately signed with Blackground Records, headed by Barry Hankerson,\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11827062\",\n \"text\": \"Traci Braxton Traci Renee Braxton (born April 2, 1971), is an American singer, reality television personality and Radio personality. She is the younger sister of American R&B singer Toni Braxton. In 2011, Braxton reunited with her sisters for the WE tv reality show \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\". The first season was the #1 rated reality show on WE tv, and the network ordered a 13-episode second season of the show after the third episode. In 2013, she got her own radio show called \\\"The Traci Braxton Show\\\" on the BLIS.F.M. radio. The show is a success. Her solo debut album, \\\"Crash\",\n \"title\": \"Traci Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4938219\",\n \"text\": \"Braxton released her first compilation album, \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\", in 2003. Later, in 2004, BMG Heritage Records released her second greatest hits compilation, titled \\\"Platinum & Gold\\\" compilation. The collection includes 12 tracks, such as her hits \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", \\\"Another Sad Love Song,\\\" \\\"Breathe Again,\\\" \\\"You Mean the World to Me,\\\" \\\"Un-Break My Heart,\\\" but not \\\"You're Makin' Me High\\\". The album also features the non-single \\\"A Better Man\\\", taken from \\\"More Than a Woman\\\". Jason Birchmeier of \\\"Allmusic\\\" gave the compilation 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing that, \\\"\\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\" rounds up and remasters most\",\n \"title\": \"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6284793\",\n \"text\": \"signed a solo recording contract with LaFace Records, a joint venture between the producing duo Antonio \\\"L.A.\\\" Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds from former recording group The Deele, and distributor Arista Records. Her subsequently released first two albums \\\"Toni Braxon\\\" (1993) and \\\"Secrets\\\" (1996) became critical and commercial hits and sold a combined 21 million copies, earning $170 million in worldwide sales. By late 1996, Braxton was still waiting for fair financial rewards. Her recording contract with LaFace was substantially below those of other recording artists and bound her to refund all kinds of expenses the label had financed in\",\n \"title\": \"Libra (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20346413\",\n \"text\": \"debut track from her upcoming album, which is set for release at the top of 2018, and sees the singer exploring a complicated love.\\\" \\\"Rap-Up\\\" gave a positive review of the track stating \\\"Toni Braxton comes back to life with 'Deadwood,' the first single off her forthcoming album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\". Over guitar strums, hard drums, and soothing violin strings, the R&B songbird sings about heartbreak and rejuvenation with a soulful air.\\\" The music video was filmed on August 24, 2017, and directed by Bille Woodruff. The audio video for the song was released to Braxton's Vevo account on September\",\n \"title\": \"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14049319\",\n \"text\": \"Atlantic family, and for me it was an opportunity of a lifetime. Toni Braxton is not only one of the greatest voices of all time, but she is a charismatic superstar with an incredible list of achievements.\\\" Production for the album took place during September 2008 to March 2010 and was handled by several record producers, including David Foster, Harvey Mason, Jr., Frank E, Oak, Lucas Secon, Simon Franglen and Dapo Torimiro. The entertainment outlet \\\"Rap-Up\\\" revealed that Braxton's album would feature collaborations with Lucas Secon; Harvey Mason, Jr.; Oak; and Troy Taylor as well as collaborations with Robin Thicke,\",\n \"title\": \"Pulse (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9809749\",\n \"text\": \"version was composed with the songs from the compilation, with the exception of \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\", that is featured on the regular version, instead of the \\\"Royal Garden\\\" remix present on \\\"The Essential\\\". The singles \\\"I Love Me Some Him\\\" and \\\"Hit the Freeway weren't on the Brazilian edition. Andy Kellman of \\\"Allmusic\\\" gave to the compilation a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars, writing that the album \\\"amounts to an expanded update of 2003's Ultimate Toni Braxton, nearly doubling the content and digging deeper into the discography of one of the biggest R&B artists of the '90s. With the\",\n \"title\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11827071\",\n \"text\": \"2016 titled \\\"Body Shots\\\" from her upcoming second studio album. On September 26, 2017, Braxton was featured on the Kokayi rapper title \\\"\\\"Moonlight\\\"\\\". On April 20, 2018, she was released the single \\\"Broken Things\\\" featuring her sisters Toni, Towanda and Trina. On August 3, 2018 Traci Braxton released “Lifeline” as the official lead single from her sophomore album, “On Earth”, which was released on August 24, 2018 In the same time, she made her movie acting debut in the feature film \\\"Sinners Wanted\\\". Traci Braxton Traci Renee Braxton (born April 2, 1971), is an American singer, reality television personality and\",\n \"title\": \"Traci Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11827065\",\n \"text\": \"in 1977). Braxton and her siblings were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \\\"Good Life\\\". It would be their only single as a fivesome. \\\"Good Life\\\" was not a hit, peaking at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records.\",\n \"title\": \"Traci Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723735\",\n \"text\": \"damages because of the cancelled shows, being sued by multiple companies, and had to once again file for bankruptcy, as announced on October 7, 2010. As of 2013, Braxton has completed required financial management courses and most of her debt has been discharged. Later that year rumors began circulating that Braxton was in talks to star in her own reality show with Bravo. Braxton would later confirm the rumors during an appearance on Ellen after a performance of her single \\\"Make My Heart\\\". In January 2011, WE tv confirmed that it had signed Braxton for a reality series, \\\"Braxton Family\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11827072\",\n \"text\": \"Trina Braxton Trina Evette Braxton (born December 3, 1974) is an American singer, actress and reality television personality. She is a younger sister of R&B singing icon Toni Braxton. Trina had her first big break in music in 1992 as a founding member of the R&B group The Braxtons, formed with her sisters. After losing two members, The Braxtons released their only album, \\\"So Many Ways\\\", as a trio in 1996 along with four singles: \\\"So Many Ways\\\", \\\"Only Love\\\", \\\"The Boss\\\", and \\\"Slow Flow\\\". In 2011, Braxton reunited with her sisters for the WE tv reality show, \\\"Braxton Family\",\n \"title\": \"Trina Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3922698\",\n \"text\": \"topped the charts in Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland, while reaching the top five in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, and Sweden, and the top 10 in Ireland. In Oceania, the album reached number 11 in both Australia and New Zealand; it has been certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). By May 2010, \\\"Secrets\\\" had sold 15 million copies worldwide. Notes Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Secrets\\\". Musicians Artwork Technical Secrets (Toni Braxton album) Secrets is the second studio album by American singer\",\n \"title\": \"Secrets (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723734\",\n \"text\": \"financial losses that occurred as results of concert cancellations. The policy was reported to insure Braxton up to $2.8 million. Lloyd's of London responded with a counter-suit seeking damages against Braxton and remarked that Braxton's policy was null and void because of an unrelated heart condition that the company was not made aware of at the time the application was filed. Braxton responded to the counter-suit by saying that she did disclose her full medical history at the time. As a result of the insurance company nullifying Braxton's contract, Braxton has said that she was on the hook for all\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723724\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"In the Ghetto\\\" with soon-to-be winner Taylor Hicks. On May 19, 2006, the Flamingo Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas announced that Braxton would replace Wayne Newton as the casino's new headlining act from August 3, 2006. The show, entitled , was to be performed six nights a week and was scheduled to run through to March 2007. Braxton later confirmed that she was extending her show through to August 2007. Due to its success, it was reported that Braxton would extend her show through to August 2008. The show was later cancelled in order for Braxton to focus on\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723726\",\n \"text\": \"Court for the Southern District of New York against her former manager Barry Hankerson for $10 million, alleging \\\"fraud, deception and double dealing\\\", in addition to mismanaging her relationship with Arista Records. According to Braxton's lawsuit, Hankerson placed his personal financial interests ahead of hers by using 'double-talk' to compromise the relationship between Braxton and her former recording label, Arista Records, with Hankerson allegedly telling Arista that \\\"Braxton no longer wanted to record for Arista\\\", and telling Braxton that \\\"Arista was not interested in working with her anymore\\\". The suit was settled with Braxton being forced to return a $375,000\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723728\",\n \"text\": \"show was confirmed on August 25, 2008 on \\\"Good Morning America\\\", which confirmed Braxton as a contestant in the season with her partner being Alec Mazo. They were voted off in the fifth week of the competition. In October 2008, it was announced, that Braxton signed to Atlantic Records. In the November 2008 issue of \\\"Jet\\\", Braxton discussed her time spent on \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\" as well as dealing with her son's autism. Braxton also talked about being signed to Atlantic Records and the debut of her upcoming single. The DJ Frank E produced song \\\"Yesterday\\\" premiered on September\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2723738\",\n \"text\": \"number 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance/Club play chart. The music video for \\\"I Heart You\\\" was directed by Bille Woodruff. Shortly after the release of I Heart You rumors began circulating that Braxton would soon retire. These rumors would later be confirmed by Braxton herself on February 7, 2013. Braxton flew to Canada to begin shooting for her lead role in \\\"Twist of Faith\\\" later that year. Braxton appeared on Good Morning America to promote her new movie when she also confirmed the rumors of her retirement revealing that she is retiring from music and stated that she would like\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20507684\",\n \"text\": \"Braxton Family Values (season 6) The sixth season of \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\", an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. On July 19, 2017, Trina Braxton said in a radio interview with ET Cali\",\n \"title\": \"Braxton Family Values (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20009266\",\n \"text\": \"Braxton Family Values (season 5) The fifth season of \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\", an American reality television series, broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on May 19, 2016, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Vincent Herbert, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton. \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. A teaser trailer revealing the renewal of \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\" season 5 was\",\n \"title\": \"Braxton Family Values (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4762100\",\n \"text\": \"toddler. The Braxton children would eventually enter in their church choir, where their father Michael Braxton was a pastor. Sisters Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \\\"Good Life\\\". \\\"Good Life\\\" was unsuccessful only peaking at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records. In 1991, during a showcase with L.A. Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, who were\",\n \"title\": \"Tamar Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20507686\",\n \"text\": \"WE tv announced that the remainder of the season would begin to air on August 16, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Braxton Family Values (season 6) The sixth season of \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\", an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. \\\"Braxton Family Values\\\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina —\",\n \"title\": \"Braxton Family Values (season 6)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["severn"],"string":"[\n \"severn\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1190,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who has dirk nowitzki played for?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2397268","text":"Dirk Nowitzki Dirk Werner Nowitzki () (born June 19, 1978) is a German professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). An alumnus of Röntgen Gymnasium and the DJK Würzburg basketball club, Nowitzki was chosen as the ninth pick in the 1998 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks and was immediately traded to the Mavericks, where he has played since. Listed at , Nowitzki is considered one of the greatest power forwards of all time. Nowitzki has led the Mavericks to 15 NBA playoff appearances (2001–2012; 2014–2016), including the franchise's first Finals appearance in 2006","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397268\",\n \"text\": \"Dirk Nowitzki Dirk Werner Nowitzki () (born June 19, 1978) is a German professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). An alumnus of Röntgen Gymnasium and the DJK Würzburg basketball club, Nowitzki was chosen as the ninth pick in the 1998 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks and was immediately traded to the Mavericks, where he has played since. Listed at , Nowitzki is considered one of the greatest power forwards of all time. Nowitzki has led the Mavericks to 15 NBA playoff appearances (2001–2012; 2014–2016), including the franchise's first Finals appearance in 2006\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2397275","text":"as a disappointing sixth of 12 teams; the rookie Nowitzki was often benched and struggled with bad school grades, which forced him to study rather than work on his game. In the next 1995–96 Second Bundesliga season, Nowitzki established himself as a starter next to Finnish star forward Martti Kuisma and soon became a regular double-digit scorer: after German national basketball coach Dirk Bauermann saw him score 24 points in a DJK game, he stated that \"Dirk Nowitzki is the greatest German basketball talent of the last 10, maybe 15 years.\" In the 1996–97 Second Bundesliga season, Nowitzki averaged 19.4","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397353","text":"sister, Silke Nowitzki, described Nowitzki as a confident but low-key character, unspoiled by money and fame. He also enjoys reading and playing the saxophone. Nowitzki passed his Abitur examination at Röntgen Gymnasium Grammar School of Würzburg. He also founded the Dirk Nowitzki Foundation, a charity which aims at fighting poverty in Africa. Nowitzki dated Sybille Gerer, a female basketball player from his local club DJK Würzburg. The relationship started in 1992 and lasted for 10 years before it eventually ended; Nowitzki said, \"At the end, we found out we developed in separate ways. ... It did not work anymore, but","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397356","text":"published in 2004 by CoPress Munich. The 160-page hardcover book follows Nowitzki's beginnings in his native Würzburg, documents his entry and ascent in the NBA, and ends at the beginning of the 2004–05 NBA season. In November 2011, the Würzburg local newspaper \"Main-Post\" published a 216-page book written by its sports journalists Jürgen Höpfl and Fabian Frühwirth: \"Einfach Er – Dirk Nowitzki – Aus Würzburg an die Weltspitze\", (\"Just Him – Dirk Nowitzki – From Würzburg to top of the world\"). Both Höpfl and Frühwirth accompanied Nowitzki throughout his career, collecting interviews and photos used in the book. It looks","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"10964364","text":"German professional handball players; his sister, Silke; his ex-girlfriend of seven years Sybille Gerer (former player of Nowitzki's former basketball club DJK Würzburg), his discoverer Jürgen Meng, his mentors Geschwindner and Nelson, and his best friend Steve Nash. An extra section of the book is inserted at the end, which deals with his performances in the Germany national basketball team separately. Dirk Nowitzki: German Wunderkind Dirk Nowitzki : German Wunderkind is a biography of the German NBA basketball star Dirk Nowitzki, written by German sports journalists Dino Reisner and Holger Sauer. It was published in 2004 by the German \"Copress\"","title":"Dirk Nowitzki: German Wunderkind"},{"psg_id":"2397345","text":"in 2011. He was also named the Mister Europa European Player of the Year by the Italian sports magazine \"Superbasket\" in 2005, and the FIBA Europe Men's Player of the Year twice in 2005 and 2011. Nowitzki is a versatile frontcourt player who mostly plays the power forward position, but has also played center and small forward throughout his career. An exceptional shooter for his size, Nowitzki has made 88% of his free throws, nearly 50% of his field goal attempts and nearly 40% of his 3-point shots, and won the 2006 NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout competition. In the 2006–07","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397334","text":"the New Orleans Pelicans, Nowitzki scored a season-high 23 points and passed Elvin Hayes for eighth all-time in field goals with 10,980. On March 17, 2018, in a 114–106 loss to the Brooklyn Nets, Nowitzki played in his 1,463rd game, moving past Kevin Garnett into fifth place in the NBA career list. Five days later, in a 119–112 loss to the Utah Jazz, Nowitzki passed Garnett for third place in minutes played in NBA history. Nowitzki's 25 minutes increased his career total to 50,437. On March 30, 2018, in a 93–92 loss to the Timberwolves, Nowitzki set an NBA record","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397282","text":"was delayed by the 1998–99 NBA lockout, which put the entire season in jeopardy. In limbo, Nowitzki returned to DJK Würzburg and played thirteen games before both sides worked out a late compromise deal that resulted in a shortened NBA schedule of only 50 games. When the season finally started, Nowitzki struggled. Played as a power forward by coach Don Nelson, the 20-year-old felt overpowered by the more athletic NBA forwards, was intimidated by the expectations as a number nine pick, and played bad defense; hecklers taunted him as \"Irk Nowitzki\", omitting the \"D\" which stands for \"defense\" in basketball","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397339","text":"for Nowitzki and his German squad. In a preparation game, he suffered a foot injury after a collision with French player Florent Piétrus; as a result, Nowitzki played inconsistently and was also often target of hard fouls. In the decisive second round match against Italy (only the winner was allowed to play the medal round), Germany lost, 86–84, finished ninth and did not qualify for the 2004 Olympic Games. Nowitzki scored 22.5 points per game (third overall), but in general seemed to lack focus and dominance due to his injury. In the EuroBasket 2005, Nowitzki came back strong. He surprisingly","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397344","text":"Summer 2011, Nowitzki played with Germany in the EuroBasket 2011, where the team reached ninth place. In 2015, Nowitzki captained Germany at the EuroBasket. They won only one game, and were eliminated in the group stage, on home soil. In January 2016, Nowitzki officially announced his retirement from Germany's national team. In his career with Germany's senior men's national team, he averaged 19.7 points, 7.5 rebounds, and 1.6 assists per game. Nowitzki was named the Euroscar European Basketball Player of the Year by the Italian sports newspaper \"Gazzetta dello Sport\" for five years running from 2002 to 2006 and again","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397316","text":"2.5 assists in 21 games. As Dallas celebrated their title, the NBA was in a lockout. It ended on December 8, 2011. The defending champions lost core players, such as DeShawn Stevenson, J. J. Barea, Peja Stojaković, and Tyson Chandler, while adding veteran all-star Vince Carter, Lamar Odom, and Delonte West in free agency. The Mavericks played only two preseason games, which led to a slow start for Nowitzki. Soon, Nowitzki became the 98th player in NBA history to play in 1,000 games. Nowitzki received his championship ring on January 25, 2012. After scoring his 23,335th point, Nowitzki passed Robert","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397274","text":"enter the full-time training schedule, choosing the path to his eventual international career. Geschwindner let him train seven days a week with DJK Würzburg players and future German internationals Robert Garrett, Marvin Willoughby, and Demond Greene, and in the summer of 1994, then 16-year-old Nowitzki made the DJK squad. When Nowitzki joined the team, DJK played in Germany's 2nd-tier level league, the Second Bundesliga, South Division. His first trainer was Pit Stahl, who played the tall teenager as an outside-scoring forward rather than an inside-scoring center to utilise his shooting skills. In the 1994–95 Second Bundesliga season, ambitious DJK finished","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397324","text":"traded to Dallas after a 3-year stint with New York. Also to come over from New York was point guard Raymond Felton. The Mavericks made big strides in the off-season to put Dirk with some considerable talent, signing a rising small forward Chandler Parsons and veteran point guard Jameer Nelson. The Mavericks later signed former championship teammate J. J. Barea after the Timberwolves waived him. On November 11, 2014, Nowitzki scored 23 points to surpass Hakeem Olajuwon as the highest-scoring player born outside the United States, as the Mavericks came from 24 points down to defeat Sacramento 106–98 for their","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"15688184","text":"of 2006, Silke Nowitzki became manager of her brother Dirk Nowitzki. Silke Nowitzki Silke Nowitzki (born July 12, 1974 in Würzburg, West Germany) is a German former international basketball player. She is the manager of her brother Dirk Nowitzki. In 1993 Silke Nowitzki promoted with the women's team of DJK Würzburg into the first German basketball division. She had her debut for the Germany women's national basketball team in 1995. She participated with DJK Würzburg in the 1998 Ronchetti Cup. In 2001 Silke Nowitzki went to New York and started working for the NBA in International TV. Between 2003 and","title":"Silke Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397302","text":"other. We went through some ups and downs this season, but the playoffs are all about showing heart and playing together.\" Of Nowitzki's performance, ESPN columnist Bill Simmons wrote, \"Dirk is playing at a higher level than any forward since [Larry] Bird.\" The Mavericks took an early 2–0 lead, but then gave away a late 15-point lead in a Game 3 loss and finally fell to a scoring onslaught by Heat Finals MVP Dwyane Wade: Wade scored at least 36 points in the next four games, all of which the Heat won. Nowitzki only made 20 of his last 55","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397271","text":"FIBA World Championship and silver in EuroBasket 2005, and was the leading scorer and MVP in both tournaments. Born in Würzburg, Germany, Nowitzki comes from an athletic family: his mother Helga Nowitzki (née Bredenbröcker) was a professional basketball player and his father Jörg-Werner was a handball player who represented Germany at the highest international level. His older sister Silke Nowitzki, a local champion in track and field, also became a basketball player and now works for the NBA in International TV. Nowitzki was a very tall child; most of the time he stood above his peers by a foot or","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397280","text":"had set their sights on forward Pat Garrity, who was projected as a low first-round pick. In the draft, the Mavericks drafted Traylor with their sixth pick and the Bucks selected Nowitzki with their ninth pick and Garrity with their nineteenth pick. The Mavericks traded Traylor to the Bucks for Nowitzki and Garrity, and then traded Garrity to Phoenix for Nash. In retrospect, Don Nelson, who had once coached the Bucks, had an outstanding trade instinct, essentially trading future career underachievers Traylor and Garrity for two future NBA MVPs in Nowitzki and Nash; in addition, the new recruits quickly became","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397295","text":"second 2,000-point season; his 26.1 points scoring average set a new record by a European player. On December 2, 2004, Nowitzki scored 53 points in an overtime win against the Houston Rockets, a career best. As a reward, Nowitzki was voted to the All-NBA First Team for the first time. He also placed third in the league's MVP voting, behind Nash and Shaquille O'Neal. By being elected to the All-NBA First Team, Nowitzki became the first player who did not attend a United States high school or college to be on the All-NBA First Team. On January 18, 2005, Nowitzki","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397277","text":"hex, finishing at first place with 14:2 points and earning promotion to the next higher league; Nowitzki was voted \"German Basketballer of the Year\" by the German BASKET magazine. Abroad, Nowitzki's progress was noticed. A year later, the teenager participated in the Nike \"Hoop Heroes Tour\", where he played against NBA stars like Charles Barkley and Scottie Pippen. In a 30-minute show match, Nowitzki outplayed Barkley and even dunked on him, causing the latter to exclaim: \"The boy is a genius. If he wants to enter the NBA, he can call me.\" On March 29, 1998, Nowitzki was chosen to","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397349","text":"Charles Barkley says the best way to guard Nowitzki is to \"get a cigarette and a blindfold\". Later on in his career, Nowitzki also developed an unorthodox post up game, often backing down his opponents from the free throw line or near the middle of the key, opening up the floor for multiple passing angles should a double team come his way. When defenses guard Nowitzki with one of their biggest men, who is then pulled out to the perimeter, the net effect is that while Nowitzki's own statistics are actually compromised by being out of position to offensively rebound","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397323","text":"Havlicek on the NBA scoring list with 26,426 points. On April 8, 2014, Nowitzki scored his 26,712th point, passing Oscar Robertson to move to the 10th position on the all-time scoring list. Nowitzki led the Mavericks back to the Playoffs where they would face their in state rival San Antonio Spurs in the first round. Dallas lost the series in seven games and the Spurs went on to win the NBA championship. On July 15, 2014, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks to a reported three-year, $25 million contract. He was also reunited with former championship teammate Tyson Chandler, who was","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"19976263","text":"Nowitzki. The Perfect Shot Nowitzki. The perfect shot is a German documentary film produced by Leopold Hoesch which concerns the career of Dirk Nowitzki from the second German Basketball League to the NBA. The films premiered on 16 September 2014 in Cologne. The film depicts the relationship between Dirk Nowitzki and his personal coach and mentor Holger Geschwindner. Geschwindner developed Nowitzki's talent with various means including science to improve Nowitzki's jump shots. The film features basketball footage and personalities such as Dirk Nowitzki, Kobe Bryant, Yao Ming, Steve Nash, Michael Finley, Jason Kidd, Rick Carlisle Marc Cuban, David Stern, Don","title":"Nowitzki. The Perfect Shot"},{"psg_id":"2397281","text":"close friends. Nowitzki became only the fourth German player in NBA history, following pivots Uwe Blab and Christian Welp and All-Star swingman Detlef Schrempf, who was a 35-year-old veteran of the Seattle SuperSonics when his young compatriot arrived. Nowitzki finished his DJK career as the only Würzburg player to have ever made the NBA. In Dallas, Nowitzki joined a franchise which had last made the playoffs in 1990. Shooting guard Michael Finley captained the squad, supported by center Shawn Bradley (once a number two draft pick) and team scoring leader Cedric Ceballos, an ex-Laker forward. The start of the season","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397354","text":"we are still good friends.\" He added: \"I surely want to start a family and have kids, but I cannot imagine it happening before I become 30.\" In 2010, Nowitzki met and began dating Jessica Olsson, sister of twin Swedish footballers Martin Olsson and Marcus Olsson. The couple got married on July 20, 2012, at Nowitzki's home in Dallas. They have a daughter, born in July 2013 and two sons, born in March 2015 and November 2016. Though Nowitzki has considered acquiring U.S. citizenship, he remains a German national. Nowitzki acknowledged close ties to his mentor Holger Geschwindner, whom he","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397300","text":"rebounds, and 2.9 assists. The Mavericks swept the Memphis Grizzlies, 4–0, with Nowitzki scored a clutch three-pointer in the closing seconds of Game 3 which tied the game and forced overtime. In the Western Conference Semifinals, the Mavericks played against the San Antonio Spurs again. After splitting the first six games, the Mavericks took a 20-point lead in Game 7 before Spur Manu Ginóbili broke a tie at 101 by hitting a 3 with 30 seconds left. On the next play, Nowitzki completed a three-point play, which tied the game at 104. In the end, the Mavericks won, 119–111, and","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397291","text":"former best-of-five, the Mavericks quickly won the first three games, but then completely lost their rhythm and the next three. In Game 7, Nowitzki hit a clutch three to make it 100–94 with 1:21 left and the Mavericks won 107–95. \"This was the most important basket of my career\", he later said, \"I was not prepared to go on vacation that early.\" In the next round, the Mavericks met the Kings again, and the series went seven games. Nowitzki delivered a clutch performance in Game 7; he scored 30 points, grabbed 19 rebounds, and played strong defense, leading the Mavericks","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397343","text":"Rico for the last remaining slot. In that crucial match, he scored a game-high 32 points and was vital for the 96–82 win which sent the German basketball team to their first Olympics since the 1992 Summer Olympics. Nowitzki was chosen to be the flag bearer for the German Olympic Team at the Opening Ceremony for the 2008 Olympics. Nowitzki led the German team to a tenth-place finish, and averaged 17.0 points, and 8.4 rebounds for the tournament. In 2009, Nowitzki skipped the EuroBasket 2009. In July 2010, he said that he would skip the 2010 FIBA World Championship. In","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397301","text":"Nowitzki ended the game with 37 points and 15 rebounds. Nowitzki commented: \"I don't know how the ball went in. Manu hit my hand. It was a lucky bounce.\" The Mavericks advanced to the Western Conference Finals, where they again met the Suns. Nowitzki scored 50 points to lead the Mavericks to a victory in the crucial Game 5 with the series tied at 2; the Mavericks won the series in six games and faced the Miami Heat in the 2006 NBA Finals. A content Nowitzki commented: \"We've been a good road team all season long, we believed in each","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397288","text":"Second Team and into his first All-Star Game. After makin the playoffs with a 57–25 record, the Mavericks swept Kevin Garnett and the Minnesota Timberwolves in the first round; Nowitzki averaged 33.3 points per game. In the second round, the Mavericks met the Sacramento Kings and rival power forward Chris Webber. After splitting the first two games, Kings coach Rick Adelman changed his defensive scheme, assigning Hedo Türkoğlu to cover Nowitzki. Türkoğlu would use his agility to play Nowitzki tightly, and if the taller Maverick tried to post up Türkoğlu, Webber would double team Nowitzki. In Game 3 in Dallas,","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397284","text":"sidelines, buying the team a $46 million six-star Boeing 757 to travel in, and increasing franchise revenues to over $100 million. Nowitzki lauded Cuban, stating that he \"created the perfect environment... we only have to go out and win.\" As a result of Nelson's tutelage, Cuban's improvements and his own progress, Nowitzki significantly improved in his second season. Nowitzki averaged 17.5 points, 6.5 rebounds and 2.5 assists per game in 35.8 minutes. He was voted runner-up in the NBA Most Improved Player Award behind Jalen Rose, and made it into the NBA All-Star Sophomore squad. The Nowitzki also was chosen","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397355","text":"called his best friend. He is also good friends with his ex-teammate Steve Nash. Nash said of playing with Nowitzki, \"We were both joining a new club, living in a new city, we were both single and outsiders: this creates a bond ... He made life easier for me and I for him ... Our friendship was something solid in a very volatile world.\" Nowitzki added, \"He would have also become a good friend if we had met at the supermarket.\" Nowitzki's career has been chronicled in books. \"\", written by German sports journalists Dino Reisner and Holger Sauer, was","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397335","text":"by playing in his 75th game of the season, the most by a player in his 20th season in the league. He had season-ending ankle surgery on April 5 after appearing in 77 of the first 78 games. On July 23, 2018, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks for the 2018–19 season. With his season debut on December 13, 2018, he set the NBA record for the most seasons played at the same club (21), breaking a tie with Kobe Bryant, who spent 20 seasons with the Lakers. He also became the 5th player in NBA history to play 21 seasons,","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397287","text":"Mavericks lost the first three games of the series, and Nowitzki fell ill with the flu and later lost a tooth after a collision with Spurs guard Terry Porter. After a Game 4 win, Nowitzki scored 42 points and grabbed 18 rebounds in Game 5, but could not prevent a deciding 105–87 loss. Prior to the 2001–02 NBA season, Nowitzki signed a six-year, $90 million contract extension, which made him the second-highest-paid German athlete after Formula One champion Michael Schumacher. He continued to improve, averaging 23.4 points, 9.9 rebounds and 2.4 assists per game. Nowitzki was voted into the All-NBA","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397269","text":"and its only NBA championship in 2011. Known for his scoring ability, his versatility, his accurate outside shooting, and his trademark fadeaway jump shot, Nowitzki won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2007 and the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in 2011. Nowitzki's NBA career has been filled with accomplishments. He is the only player ever to play for a single franchise for 21 consecutive seasons. Nowitzki is a 13-time All-Star, a 12-time All-NBA Team member, the first European player to start in an All-Star Game, and the first European player to receive the NBA Most Valuable Player","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397292","text":"to a series-deciding 112–99 win. In the Western Conference Finals, the Mavericks met the Spurs again. In Game 3, Nowitzki went up for a rebound and Spurs guard Manu Ginóbili collided with his knee, forcing him out of the series. Without their top scorer, the Mavericks still fought valiantly, but lost in six games. After Dallas traded starting center Raef LaFrentz to Boston for forward Antoine Walker, Nelson decided to start Nowitzki at center. To cope with his more physical role, Nowitzki put on of muscle mass over summer, sacrificed part of his agility, and put more emphasis on defense","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397306","text":"spite of this historic playoffs loss, Nowitzki was named the NBA's regular-season Most Valuable Player and beat his friend and back-to-back NBA MVP Nash with more than 100 votes. He also became the first European player in NBA history to receive the honor. The 2007–08 campaign saw another first-round playoffs exit for Nowitzki and his Mavericks. Despite a mid-season trade that sent veteran NBA All-Star Jason Kidd to Dallas, the Mavericks finished seventh in a highly competitive Western Conference. Nowitzki averaged 23.6 points, 8.6 rebounds, and a career-high 3.5 assists for the season. In the playoffs, they faced rising star","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397272","text":"more. He initially played handball and tennis, but soon grew tired of being called a \"freak\" for his height and eventually turned to basketball. After joining the local DJK Würzburg, the 15-year-old attracted the attention of former German international basketball player Holger Geschwindner, who spotted his talent immediately and offered to coach him individually two to three times per week. After getting both the approval of Nowitzki and his parents, Geschwindner put his student through an unorthodox training scheme: he emphasized shooting and passing exercises, and shunned weight training and tactical drills, because he felt it was \"unnecessary friction\". Furthermore,","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397342","text":"the best moments of [his] career\". In the 2006 FIBA World Championship, Nowitzki led the German team to an eighth place and commented: \"It's tough luck. But overall, finishing eighth in the world is not bad.\" In the EuroBasket 2007, in which the top three teams automatically qualified for the 2008 Olympics, Nowitzki led Germany to a fifth place. He was the leading scorer with 24.0 points per game. The fifth place meant that Germany fell short of direct qualification, but was allowed to participate in the 2008 Olympic Qualifying Tournament. Nowitzki led Germany into a decisive match against Puerto","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397325","text":"21st straight regular-season win at home against the Kings. Nowitzki hit a jumper from just inside the three-point line early in the fourth quarter to pass Olajuwon at No. 9, and he finished the night at 26,953 career points. Six days later, Nowitzki became the fourth player in NBA history to eclipse 27,000 career points with the same franchise, joining a prestigious group that includes Michael Jordan, Karl Malone and Kobe Bryant. On December 26 against the Los Angeles Lakers, Nowitzki passed Elvin Hayes for eighth place on the NBA's all-time scoring list. He went on to pass Moses Malone","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397311","text":"most significant change to the 2010–11 team roster was the arrival of Tyson Chandler via trade. Nowitzki was injured in the middle of the season, during which the Mavericks recorded their worst losing streak in over a decade. Nowitzki finished the regular season with averages of 23 points, 7 rebounds, and 3 assists. Despite missing 9 games, Nowitzki was selected to the 2011 All-Star Game, his tenth appearance. The Mavericks concluded the regular season with 57 wins, seeding third behind the Spurs and Lakers for the 2011 NBA Playoffs. During the playoffs, despite their seeding, many predicted that Dallas would","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397351","text":"shots, he is ranked 8th in active players for defensive win shares as of July 2014. Nowitzki is the sixth player in NBA history, and the first European, to hit the 30,000-point milestone. Apart from being the Mavericks' all-time leader in points, rebounds, field goals, field goal attempts, 3-pointers, 3-point attempts, free throws, and free-throw attempts, Nowitzki has made the NBA All-Star games thirteen times and the All-NBA Teams twelve times. He was voted NBA MVP of the 2006–07 NBA season, becoming the first European player to receive the honor, as well as the MVP of the 2011 NBA Finals.","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397333","text":"West for the sixth-most free throws in NBA history at 7,160. Four days later, in a 107–101 overtime loss to the Los Angeles Lakers, Nowitzki passed West with his 7,161st career free throw made in the second quarter, taking sole possession of sixth in NBA history. On February 5, 2018, in a 104–101 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, Nowitzki became the sixth player in NBA history to reach 50,000 career minutes. On February 28, 2018, in a 111–110 overtime loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder, Nowitzki reached 31,000 career points. On March 4, 2018, in a 126–109 loss to","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397332","text":"the milestone and one of only three to score all 30,000-plus with one team—the others being Karl Malone (Utah) and Kobe Bryant (Lakers). Following the 2016–17 season, Nowitzki exercised his player option to become a free agent to allow the Mavericks to re-sign him with less money and be able to pursue other free agents. On July 6, 2017, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks on a two-year, $10 million contract (with a team option on the second year). On January 9, 2018, Nowitzki went 7 for 7 from the free throw line against the Orlando Magic, tying him with Jerry","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397331","text":"23, Nowitzki scored 17 first-half points (playing only 15 minutes before sitting out the second half) in a 90–88 win over the Clippers. On February 7, 2017 against Portland, Nowitzki moved into 10th place all-time in field goals with 10,517. Also, his two blocked shots against the Trail Blazers gave him 1,200 for this career, the 55th player in NBA history to reach that figure. On March 7, 2017, in a 122–111 win over the Los Angeles Lakers, Nowitzki became the sixth player in NBA history to score 30,000 regular-season points. He also became the first international player to reach","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397317","text":"Parish on the all-time scoring list at #20. He then passed Charles Barkley for 19th, and scored his 24,000th point on April 15, 2012 against the Lakers. Nowitzki blocked a shot by the Celtics' Avery Bradley, which was his 1,000th block. He became one of only 3 players in NBA history with at least 1,000 3-pointers and blocks, joining Clifford Robinson and Rasheed Wallace. Nowitzki made his 11th straight All-Star game appearance in Orlando. Nowitzki scored 31 points in the second half against Houston on April 18, 2012, including 21 in the fourth quarter. It marked the third-highest scoring half","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397315","text":"\"Flu Game\" against Utah in the 1997 NBA Finals. Dallas went on to win the next two games, with Nowitzki scoring 10 fourth-quarter points in the series-clinching game in Miami, bringing the first championship to the franchise. In the series, Nowitzki scored 62 points total in the six fourth quarters, equaling the combined fourth-quarter output of James and Wade. He was named Finals MVP, joining a list of 10 other players to have been an NBA champion, NBA Finals MVP, an NBA regular season MVP, and a ten-time All-Star. For the 2011 playoffs, Nowitzki averaged 27.7 points, 8.1 rebounds, and","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"15688183","text":"Silke Nowitzki Silke Nowitzki (born July 12, 1974 in Würzburg, West Germany) is a German former international basketball player. She is the manager of her brother Dirk Nowitzki. In 1993 Silke Nowitzki promoted with the women's team of DJK Würzburg into the first German basketball division. She had her debut for the Germany women's national basketball team in 1995. She participated with DJK Würzburg in the 1998 Ronchetti Cup. In 2001 Silke Nowitzki went to New York and started working for the NBA in International TV. Between 2003 and 2005 she studied business economics in San Diego. In the summer","title":"Silke Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397352","text":"Other achievements include winning the 2006 NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout, being voted European Basketballer of the Year five times in a row by \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\", and being the leading scorer and MVP of the 2002 FIBA World Championship, and EuroBasket 2005 tournaments. In 2013, Michael Jordan called Nowitzki one of only four players (alongside LeBron James, Tim Duncan, and Kobe Bryant) who could be nearly as successful in his era of basketball. Nowitzki is the only player to record at least 31,000 points, 10,000 rebounds, 3,000 assists, 1,000 steals, 1,000 blocks and 1,000 3-point field goals. Nowitzki's older","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397294","text":"Nowitzki's close friend Steve Nash left Dallas and returned to the Phoenix Suns as a free agent. During the season, long-time head coach Don Nelson resigned, and his assistant Avery Johnson took on coaching duties. In the midst of these changes, Nowitzki stepped up his game and averaged 26.1 points a game (a career high) and 9.7 rebounds, and his 1.5 blocks and 3.1 assists were also career numbers. In addition, Nowitzki scored at least 10 points in every game and was one of four players who registered at least 1.2 steals and blocks per game. This was also his","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397322","text":"game with 35 points and passed Reggie Miller on the NBA scoring list with 25,298 points. On December 23, 2013, in a 111–104 victory over the Houston Rockets, Nowitzki finished the game with 31 points and passed Alex English on the NBA scoring list with 25,631 points. On January 29, 2014, Nowitzki scored his 26,000 point in a 115–117 loss to the Houston Rockets. In 35 minutes of play, he recorded 38 points, 17 rebounds, and 3 assists. On March 12, 2014, in a 108–101 victory over the Utah Jazz, Nowitzki finished the game with 31 points and passed John","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397337","text":"lost 99–90 against Spain, and did not win a medal. However, with averages of 28.7 points and 9.1 rebounds, Nowitzki led the tournament in both statistics, and was voted to the All-Star team. Back home, the German basketball team attracted up to 3.7 million television viewers, a German basketball record at the time. Nowitzki finally earned his first medal when he led Germany to a bronze medal in the 2002 FIBA World Championship. In the quarter-finals against the Pau Gasol-led Spain, Spain was up 52–46 after three quarters, but then Nowitzki scored 10 points in the last quarter and led","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397299","text":"Weekend in Houston, Nowitzki scored 18 points to defeat Seattle SuperSonics guard Ray Allen and Washington Wizards guard Gilbert Arenas in the Three-Point Shootout contest. Nowitzki paced Dallas to a 60-win season. The team finished with the third-best record in the league, behind the defending champion San Antonio Spurs and defending Eastern Conference champion Detroit Pistons. As in the 2004–05 season, he finished third in the league's MVP voting, this time behind Nash and LeBron James. He was again elected to the first team All-NBA squad. Nowitzki confirmed his superstar status during the playoffs as he averaged 27.0 points, 11.7","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397289","text":"the Mavericks lost, 125–119; Nowitzki scored only 19 points and said: \"I simply could not pass Türkoğlu, and if I did, I ran into a double team and committed too many turnovers.\" In Game 4, Nowitzki missed two potentially game-deciding jump shots, and the Mavericks lost, 115–113, at home. In Game 5, the Mavericks were eliminated, 114-101. However, Nowitzki received a consolation award: the \"Gazzetta dello Sport\" voted him as \"European Basketballer of the Year\", his 104 votes lifting him over second-placed Dejan Bodiroga (54) and Stojakovic (50). Before the 2002–03 NBA season, Don Nelson and Mark Cuban put more","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397346","text":"season, Nowitzki became only the fifth member of the NBA's 50–40–90 Club for players who shot 50% or better from the field, 40% or better on three-pointers, and 90% or better on free-throws in a single season while achieving the NBA league minimum number of makes in each category. Throughout Nowitzki's career, he has responded to the increased pressure of the playoffs by increasing his productivity. As of the end of the 2013–14 season, he had averaged 22.5 points and 8.1 rebounds in the regular season. In the playoffs, he has averaged 25.6 points and 10.1 rebounds, which only Hakeem","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397336","text":"tying an NBA record. Nowitzki began playing for the German national basketball team in 1997. In his debut tournament, the EuroBasket 1999, the 21-year-old rookie emerged as the main German scorer, but Germany finished seventh and failed to qualify for the 2000 Olympic Games. In the EuroBasket 2001, Nowitzki was top scorer with 28.7 points per game, and narrowly lost the MVP vote to Serbian player Peja Stojaković. Germany reached the semifinals and were close to beating host nation Turkey, but Hedo Türkoğlu hit a 3-point buzzer beater to tie it, and the Turks eventually won in overtime. Germany then","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397310","text":"to the 2010 All-Star Game, his ninth appearance. The Mavericks faced off against San Antonio once more in the first round of the playoffs, but for the third time in four seasons, they failed to progress to the next round. Nowitzki was the only consistent player throughout the series for the Mavericks, averaging 26.7 points per outing, while Jason Terry, second-leading scorer for the Mavericks, averaged 12.7 points per game compared to his 16.6 regular season. Despite being a free agent, on July 5, 2010, Nowitzki agreed to remain with Dallas by re-signing to a four-year, $80 million deal. The","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397329","text":"with 40 points in a 132–120 overtime win over the Portland Trail Blazers. His 20th career 40-point game was his first since January 2014, and the first by a 37-year-old since Karl Malone in 2000–01. On April 11, in a win over the Utah Jazz that clinched the Mavericks a spot in the playoffs for the 15th time in 16 years, Nowitzki hit four three-pointers, becoming the 15th player in NBA history with at least 1,700 career triples. In Game 4 of the Mavericks' first-round playoff series against the Oklahoma City Thunder, Nowitzki passed Elgin Baylor (3,623 points) for 15th","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397330","text":"on the NBA's career playoff scoring list. On July 27, 2016, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks. Nowitzki appeared in just three of the Mavericks' first 13 games of the season due to illness and a strained left Achilles tendon. He returned for the 14th game of the season, but with a loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, the Mavericks fell to a 2–12 record – their worst start since going 1–23 in 1993–94. He appeared in one more before sitting out 14 straight with further Achilles tendon issues, this time on his right foot. In his return game on December","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397321","text":"time since Nowitzki's second season, ending their 12-year playoff streak. At the start of the season, the Mavs let go of players they had signed the year before like O.J. Mayo, Chris Kaman, Elton Brand and Darren Collison to make room for the signing of shooting guard Monta Ellis and point guard Devin Harris. On November 12, 2013, in a 105–95 victory over the Washington Wizards, Nowitzki finished the game with 19 points and passed Jerry West on the NBA scoring list with 25,197 points. On November 20, 2013, in a 123–120 victory over the Houston Rockets, Nowitzki finished the","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397320","text":"Antonio. In January 2013, Nowizki and some of his teammates (including Mayo, Brand, Kaman, Carter and then teammate Dahntay Jones) made a pact not to shave their beards until the team reached .500. They were often called \"The Beard Bros.\" On April 14, 2013, after a fade away jumper in a game against the New Orleans Hornets, Nowitzki became the 17th player in NBA history to score 25,000 points. The Mavs went on to win the game, climbing back up to .500 with a 40–40 record and Nowitzki shaved his beard. However the Mavericks missed the playoffs for the first","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397285","text":"for the NBA All-Star Three Point Shootout, becoming the tallest player ever to participate. While he improved on an individual level, the Mavericks missed the playoffs after a mediocre 40–42 season. In the 2000–01 NBA season, Nowitzki further improved his averages, recording 21.8 points, 9.2 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game. As a sign of his growing importance, he joined team captain Finley as only one of two Mavericks to play and start in all 82 games, and had 10 games in which he scored at least 30 points. Nowitzki became the first Maverick ever to be voted into the","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397278","text":"play in the Nike Hoop Summit, one of the premier talent watches in U.S. men's basketball. In a match between the U.S. talents and the international talents, Nowitzki scored 33 points on 6-of-12 shooting, 14 rebounds and 3 steals for the internationals and outplayed future US NBA players Rashard Lewis and Al Harrington. He impressed with a combination of quickness, ball handling, and shooting range, and from that moment a multitude of European and NBA clubs wanted to recruit him. Projected to be seventh pick in the 1998 NBA draft, Nowitzki passed up many college offers and went directly into","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397273","text":"Geschwindner encouraged Nowitzki to play a musical instrument and read literature to make him a more complete personality. After a year, the coach was so impressed with Nowitzki's progress that he advised him, \"You must now decide whether you want to play against the best in the world or just stay a local hero in Germany. If you choose the latter, we will stop training immediately, because nobody can prevent that anymore. But if you want to play against the best, we have to train on a daily basis.\" After pondering this lifetime decision for two days, Nowitzki agreed to","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397308","text":"of 25.9 points, 8.4 rebounds, and 2.4 assists. He was fourth in the league in scoring, and garnered his fourth All-NBA First Team selection. He also made the 2009 All-Star game, his eighth appearance. Nowitzki led Dallas to a tight finish towards the playoffs, finishing 50–32 for the season (6th in the West), after a slow 2–7 start. In the playoffs, the German led Dallas to an upset win over long-time rival San Antonio (the third seed), winning the first-round series, 4–1. The Mavericks, however, fell short against the Denver Nuggets, 4–1, in the second round, with Nowitzki averaging 34.4","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397307","text":"Chris Paul's New Orleans Hornets, and were eliminated in five games. The playoff loss led to the firing of Avery Johnson as head coach and the eventual hiring of Rick Carlisle. The few positive highlights that season for Nowitzki were his first career triple-double against the Milwaukee Bucks on February 6, 2008, with 29 points, 10 rebounds, and a career-high 12 assists, and on March 8, 2008 (34 points against the New Jersey Nets), when he surpassed Rolando Blackman with his 16,644th point to become the Mavericks' all-time career points leader. The 2008–09 NBA season saw Nowitzki finish with averages","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397305","text":"Warriors in six games, marking the first time a #8 seed had beaten the #1 in a best-of-seven series in NBA history. In the clinching Game 6, Nowitzki shot just 2–13 from the field for only eight points. Defended by Stephen Jackson, Nowitzki averaged nearly five points less than his regular-season average in that series and shot 38.3% from the field as compared to 50.2% during the regular season. He described that loss as a low point in his career: \"This series, I couldn't put my stamp on it the way I wanted to. That's why I'm very disappointed.\" In","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397341","text":"a baseline jump shot over Garbajosa's outstretched arms with 3.9 seconds to go. The German later commented: \"It was indescribable. Garbajosa kind of pushed me towards the baseline so I just went with it.\" Despite losing the Finals, 78–62, to the Greeks, Nowitzki was the tournament's leading scorer (26.1 per game), and second-leading rebounder (10.6 per game), and shot blocker (1.9 per game), and he was also voted the Most Valuable Player of the tournament. When he was subbed out towards the end of the final, Nowitzki received standing ovation from the crowd, which he later recalled as \"one of","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397319","text":"the Mavs in 4 games. After failing to sign coveted free agents Deron Williams and Steve Nash, the Mavericks retooled their roster by letting go of Jason Kidd, Jason Terry and Brendan Haywood, and acquiring younger players such as O. J. Mayo, Darren Collison, as well as veteran big men Chris Kaman and Elton Brand. Nowitzki plans to play out the remainder of his 4-year, 80 million dollar contract that expires in 2014. Nowitzki underwent knee surgery in October 2012 and missed the first 27 games of the season. He returned on December 23, 2012, in a game against San","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397297","text":"three games in a row. After losing Game 6, Dallas won Game 7 convincingly and won the series even though Nowitzki struggled with his shooting. In the Western Conference Semifinals, the Mavericks met the Phoenix Suns, the new club of Nash. They split the first four games, before the Suns won the last two games. In Game 6, which the Mavericks lost in overtime, Nowitzki was again not at his best: he scored 28 points, but also sank only 9 of his 25 field goal attempts; in addition, he was visibly irritated, repeatedly shouting at his teammates and missing all","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397296","text":"scored his 10,000th career point in a 137–120 Mavericks win against the Washington Wizards. However, the Mavericks had a subpar 2005 NBA Playoffs campaign. In the first round, Dallas met Houston Rockets scoring champion Tracy McGrady and center Yao Ming, and Nowitzki was expected to average high figures against unheralded forward Ryan Bowen: nba.com described Bowen as \"overmatched\" versus the German. Instead, Bowen limited Nowitzki to just 21 points in Game 1 and 26 points in Game 2, where the latter hit 8 of 26 shots from the field. The Rockets took a 2–0 series lead before the Mavericks won","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397340","text":"led a depleted German squad into the Finals, beating title favorites Slovenia in the quarter-finals and Spain in the semi-finals on the way. EuroBasket pundits praised Nowitzki in both matches: against Slovenia (76–62), the forward scored a game high 22 points and commented: \"The Slovenians underestimated us. They said we were the team they wanted and that was wrong, you shouldn't do that in the quarter-finals.\" Against Spain (74–73), Nowitzki scored a game-high 27 points and scored the decisive basket: down by one and with only a few seconds to go, he drove on Spanish forward Jorge Garbajosa, and hit","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397314","text":"loss in Miami, he tore a tendon in his left middle finger; however, MRIs were negative, and Nowitzki vowed that the injury would not be a factor. In Game 2, he led a Dallas rally from an 88–73 fourth-quarter deficit, capped by a driving left-handed layup over Bosh to tie the series at 1. Miami took a 2–1 series lead after Nowitzki missed a potential game-tying shot at the end of Game 3. Despite carrying a 101 °F fever in Game 4, he hit the winning basket to tie the series yet again at 2, evoking comparisons to Michael Jordan's","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397298","text":"five of his shots in OT. Prior to the 2005–06 NBA season, veteran Mavericks captain Michael Finley was waived over the summer, and now Nowitzki was the last player remaining from the Mavericks' \"Big Three\" of Nash, Finley, and himself. Nowitzki blossomed as the sole franchise player, averaging 26.6 points, 9.0 rebounds, and 2.8 assists. Not only was this his third 2,000-point season, but his scoring average of 26.6 points was highest ever by a European. He improved his shooting percentage, setting personal season records in field goals (48.0%), three-point shots (40.6%) and free throws (90.1%). During the 2006 All-Star","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397290","text":"emphasis on defense, specializing in a zone anchored by prolific shotblockers Raef LaFrentz and Shawn Bradley. The Mavericks won their first eleven games, and Finley, Nash and Nowitzki were voted \"Western Conference Players of the Month\" in November 2002. In that season, Nowitzki lifted his averages again, now scoring 25.1 points, 9.9 rebounds and 3.0 assists per game. He led the Mavericks to a franchise-high 60–22 record, which earned them the third seed: as a result, the Mavericks had to play sixth seed Portland Trail Blazers in the 2003 NBA Playoffs. Now playing in a best-of-seven series instead of the","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397270","text":"Award. Nowitzki is the sixth player to achieve over 30,000 regular-season points and is the highest-scoring foreign-born player in NBA history. He is the first Maverick voted onto an All-NBA Team and holds several all-time Mavericks franchise records. On December 10, 2012, he became the first non-American player to receive the Naismith Legacy Award. As of the end of the 2017–18 season, Nowitzki stood sixth on the list of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders with 31,187 points. Nowitzki's career in international play is also noteworthy. He led the German national basketball team to a bronze medal in the 2002","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397303","text":"shots in the final three games as the Mavericks lost the Finals series, 4–2, to the Heat. The German was criticized by ESPN as \"clearly ... not as his best this series\" and remarked: \"That was a tough loss (in Game 3) and that really changed the whole momentum of the series. ... After that, they got confidence. They played a lot better afterwards.\" The 2006–07 season was the year Nowitzki was named the league's Most Valuable Player. He shot a career-best 50.2% from the field, and recorded averages of 24.6 points, 8.9 rebounds, and 3.4 assists and led the","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397338","text":"Germany to a 70–62 win. In the semi-finals, his team played against the Argentinian squad led by Manu Ginóbili, but despite leading, 74–69, four minutes from the end and despite Argentina losing Ginobili to a foot injury, the South Americans won, 86–80. However, the Germans won 117–94 against New Zealand in the consolation finals and won bronze, and Nowitzki, as the tournament's top scorer, (24.0 points per game), was elected the tournament MVP. Back in Germany, over 4 million television viewers followed the games, an all-time record in German basketball history. The EuroBasket 2003 proved to be a major disappointment","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397347","text":"Olajuwon, Bob Pettit, and Elgin Baylor have managed to do. In the most pressure packed games, such as playoff elimination games he averages 28.8 points, 11.8 rebounds. He has had 14 elimination games where he scored 30 or more points, which ties him with Jerry West for most all time. Of the top 100 elimination game performances in the last 20 years, Nowitzki has had the best performances in 8 of them, more than any other player in the NBA in that same time frame. His shooting accuracy combined with his long seven-foot frame and unique shooting mechanics, such as","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"10964363","text":"1998 NBA Draft. Shell-shocked by the culture shock, facing a longer season, more physical opponents, and a relatively foreign culture, he struggled in America, and even considered returning to Europe, until Nelson and Geschwindner talked him out of it. Becoming a regular player, a starter, and later an All-Star, the book presents the eventful playoff campaigns of the Mavericks until 2004. The book ends in the middle of the 2004-05 NBA season. The book mostly follows a chronological structure, and devotes inserts for many people close to Nowitzki, such as his parents Helga and Jörg-Werner Nowitzki, who are both retired","title":"Dirk Nowitzki: German Wunderkind"},{"psg_id":"2397348","text":"having a release point above his head, makes contesting his jump shots very difficult. Before the start of the 2011 NBA Finals, LeBron James called Nowitzki's one-legged fadeaway the second most unstoppable move ever, only behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's skyhook. Additionally, Nowitzki can put the ball down and drive with it from the perimeter, like few have been able to do with his size. NBA.com lauds his versatility by stating: \"The 7–0 forward who at times mans the pivot can strike fear in an opponent when he corrals a rebound and leads the break or prepares to launch a three-point bomb.\"","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397276","text":"points per game and led DJK again to second place after the regular season, but could not help his team gain promotion. In the following 1997–98 Second Bundesliga season, Nowitzki finished his \"Abitur\" (German A-levels), but had to do compulsory military service in the Bundeswehr which lasted from September 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998; The 18-year-old, who had grown to tall, made progress, leading DJK to a 36:4 point total (in Germany, a victory gives 2:0 points and a loss 0:2) and ending as leading scorer with 28.2 points per game. In the promotion playoffs, DJK finally broke its","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397327","text":"a 118–108 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. He also grabbed a team-high 11 rebounds and passed former teammate Shawn Marion for 15th on the all-time career rebounding list. On December 12, in a loss to the Washington Wizards, he moved past Jason Richardson for 16th all-time in three-point shots made, finishing the game with 1,609 career three-pointers. On December 23, Nowitzki moved past Shaquille O'Neal into sixth place on the NBA's career scoring list, then made the go-ahead basket with 19.2 seconds left in overtime to help the Mavericks defeat the Brooklyn Nets, 119–118. On January 12, in an","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397304","text":"Mavericks to a franchise-high 67 wins, which meant Dallas earned the first seed of the 2007 NBA Playoffs. He averaged 50% from the field, 40% for three pointers, and 90% from the free throw line becoming, at the time, only the fourth player in NBA history to join the 50–40–90 club. Nowitzki was touted as the overwhelming favorite for the Most Valuable Player award, and was expected to lead the Mavericks to an easy win against the eighth-seed Golden State Warriors, despite the Warriors having won all three regular-season meetings against Dallas. However, the Mavericks ended up losing to the","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397283","text":"slang. He only averaged 8.2 points and 3.4 rebounds in 20.4 minutes of playing time. Looking back, Nowitzki said: \"I was so frustrated I even contemplated going back to Germany. ... [the jump from Second Bundesliga to the NBA] was like jumping out of an airplane hoping the parachute would somehow open.\" The Mavericks only won 19 of their 50 games and missed the playoffs. On January 4, 2000, team owner Ross Perot, Jr. sold the Mavericks to Internet billionaire Mark Cuban for $280 million. Cuban quickly invested into the Mavericks and restructured the franchise, attending every game at the","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397326","text":"for seventh place on the NBA's all-time scoring list on January 5, 2015 in a 96–88 overtime win over the Brooklyn Nets. He recorded his 10,000th career rebound on March 24 against the San Antonio Spurs, and scored his 28,000th career point on April 1 against the Oklahoma City Thunder. The Mavericks finished the regular season as the No. 7 seed in the Western Conference with a record of 50–32. They faced the Houston Rockets in the first round of the playoffs and lost the series in five games. On November 11, 2015, Nowitzki scored a season-high 31 points in","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397312","text":"lose in the first round to Portland, and after blowing a 23-point fourth-quarter lead in Game 4 to even the series at 2–2, the Mavericks appeared ready for another postseason collapse. However, Dallas won the final two games to advance. They then swept the two-time defending champion Lakers in the semifinals in Phil Jackson's final year as an NBA coach. In the Conference Finals, they faced the Oklahoma City Thunder and their All-NBA duo of Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook. In Game 1, Nowitzki scored 48 points while shooting 12/15 from the field while setting an NBA record of 24","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397309","text":"points, 11.6 rebounds, and 4 assists in the series. The Mavericks finished the 2009–10 NBA season as the second seed for the 2010 NBA Playoffs—it was their 10th consecutive season with at least 50 regular season wins. Notable additions to the squad were multiple All-Stars Shawn Marion and Caron Butler, with the latter coming in the second half of the season. On January 13, 2010, Nowitzki became the 34th player in NBA history—and the first European—to hit the 20,000-point milestone, while ending the regular season with averages of 25 points, 7.7 rebounds, 2.7 assists, and 1 block. He was selected","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397350","text":"or make an easy close-range basket, the rest of the team becomes more offensively potent with the defense having to be spread across the floor. Often, this creates mismatches that his teammates can exploit. The Mavericks system and international play exposed him to an open passing game, making him dangerous as a point forward and post playmaker as well. Nowitzki averages just over one block per game and never made an All-Defense Team. However, playing more around the perimeter took him out of position where a typical power forward would be detracted from his overall defensive stats. Despite rarely blocking","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397318","text":"by a Dallas player in franchise history. The 21 points in the fourth quarter also represented Nowitzki's third-highest scoring quarter of his career. Carrying the load of the Mavericks, Nowitzki led his team in scoring 45 times. On March 30, he led the Mavs down from 15 points, including a game winner, against the Magic. Nowitzki's streak of 11 seasons with 1,500 points came to an end after scoring 1,342 in the shortened NBA season. The Mavs clinched the seventh spot in the West, and were matched against the Oklahoma City Thunder in the 2012 NBA Playoffs. The Thunder swept","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"2397313","text":"consecutive free throws made in a game as well as most free throws in a game without a miss. In Game 4, with Dallas up, 2–1, Nowitzki scored 40 points to rally his team from a 99–84 deficit in the fourth quarter with 5 minutes left and eventually win, 112–105, in OT to take a 3–1 series lead. Dallas overcame another fourth-quarter deficit in Game 5 to win the Western Conference Title. In the 2011 NBA Finals, Dallas once again faced the Heat, which had acquired All-Stars LeBron James and Chris Bosh before the season began. During the Game 1","title":"Dirk Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"5874524","text":"players gate. A piece of the gate broke off and injured a bystander. Wellham apologised for the incident. Wellham previously served as Deputy Principal (Academic) at Anglican Church Grammar School. He has been appointed as Principal of Caloundra City Private School, commencing 2013. He received a PhD from Deakin University in 2009. Dirk Wellham Dirk MacDonald Wellham (born 13 March 1959) is a former Australian cricketer who played in 6 Tests and 17 ODIs from 1981 to 1987. Dirk Wellham is one of three players to score a century in both his first class and Test debuts. He was the","title":"Dirk Wellham"},{"psg_id":"18010220","text":"In 2015, Porziņģis was named the Latvian Rising Star of the Year. In 2017, Porziņģis played for Latvia at EuroBasket 2017, where he averaged 23.6 points and 5.9 rebounds assists per game. Latvia was eliminated in the quarterfinals by Slovenia, losing 103–97. Porziņģis has been compared to Dirk Nowitzki, with the pair having both been groomed in Europe before entering the NBA. Both Porziņģis and Nowitzki are seven-foot-plus players who are comfortable anywhere on the front line and can both shoot from the outside. During his rookie season, Kevin Durant dubbed Porziņģis a basketball \"unicorn\" because of his rare combination","title":"Kristaps Porziņģis"},{"psg_id":"4653740","text":"his homeland and the developing world. One of the ways the foundation raises money is by selling DK-branded clothes. Kuyt's father, also named Dirk, died of cancer on 29 June 2007. \"* Other – Play-off games Dirk Kuyt Dirk Kuyt (Dutch: Dirk Kuijt; ; born 22 July 1980) is a Dutch former professional footballer who last played for Quick Boys. Originally starting out as a striker, he played much of his career as a winger. Kuyt began his professional career with Utrecht in 1998 and quickly became part of its first team. He spent five years at the club, and","title":"Dirk Kuyt"},{"psg_id":"15964190","text":"she was coached by Brendan Keogh. In 2000, she was awarded the Australian Sports Medal and in 2013 she was recognised at the Dickson Citizen of the Year. In 2012 Nowitzki released her autobiography 'No Ordinary Girl' to reduce the stigma of dopa-responsive dystonia and mental illness. Personal website Tamara Nowitzki Tamara Leigh Nowitzki (born 22 May 1976) is a Paralympic swimming competitor from Australia and a silver medalist at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.. She was born in Brisbane. At the age of 13 months she was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Nowitzki attended Ferny Grove High School. She was diagnosed","title":"Tamara Nowitzki"},{"psg_id":"15964189","text":"Tamara Nowitzki Tamara Leigh Nowitzki (born 22 May 1976) is a Paralympic swimming competitor from Australia and a silver medalist at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.. She was born in Brisbane. At the age of 13 months she was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Nowitzki attended Ferny Grove High School. She was diagnosed with Dopa-responsive dystonia when she was 25 years old. At the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics, she finished fifth in the Women's 100 m Breaststroke SB7. Nowitzki went on to win a silver medal at the 2000 Sydney Games in the Women's 100 m Breaststroke SB7 event. At the 2000 Paralympics","title":"Tamara Nowitzki"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397275\",\n \"text\": \"as a disappointing sixth of 12 teams; the rookie Nowitzki was often benched and struggled with bad school grades, which forced him to study rather than work on his game. In the next 1995–96 Second Bundesliga season, Nowitzki established himself as a starter next to Finnish star forward Martti Kuisma and soon became a regular double-digit scorer: after German national basketball coach Dirk Bauermann saw him score 24 points in a DJK game, he stated that \\\"Dirk Nowitzki is the greatest German basketball talent of the last 10, maybe 15 years.\\\" In the 1996–97 Second Bundesliga season, Nowitzki averaged 19.4\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397353\",\n \"text\": \"sister, Silke Nowitzki, described Nowitzki as a confident but low-key character, unspoiled by money and fame. He also enjoys reading and playing the saxophone. Nowitzki passed his Abitur examination at Röntgen Gymnasium Grammar School of Würzburg. He also founded the Dirk Nowitzki Foundation, a charity which aims at fighting poverty in Africa. Nowitzki dated Sybille Gerer, a female basketball player from his local club DJK Würzburg. The relationship started in 1992 and lasted for 10 years before it eventually ended; Nowitzki said, \\\"At the end, we found out we developed in separate ways. ... It did not work anymore, but\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397356\",\n \"text\": \"published in 2004 by CoPress Munich. The 160-page hardcover book follows Nowitzki's beginnings in his native Würzburg, documents his entry and ascent in the NBA, and ends at the beginning of the 2004–05 NBA season. In November 2011, the Würzburg local newspaper \\\"Main-Post\\\" published a 216-page book written by its sports journalists Jürgen Höpfl and Fabian Frühwirth: \\\"Einfach Er – Dirk Nowitzki – Aus Würzburg an die Weltspitze\\\", (\\\"Just Him – Dirk Nowitzki – From Würzburg to top of the world\\\"). Both Höpfl and Frühwirth accompanied Nowitzki throughout his career, collecting interviews and photos used in the book. It looks\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10964364\",\n \"text\": \"German professional handball players; his sister, Silke; his ex-girlfriend of seven years Sybille Gerer (former player of Nowitzki's former basketball club DJK Würzburg), his discoverer Jürgen Meng, his mentors Geschwindner and Nelson, and his best friend Steve Nash. An extra section of the book is inserted at the end, which deals with his performances in the Germany national basketball team separately. Dirk Nowitzki: German Wunderkind Dirk Nowitzki : German Wunderkind is a biography of the German NBA basketball star Dirk Nowitzki, written by German sports journalists Dino Reisner and Holger Sauer. It was published in 2004 by the German \\\"Copress\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki: German Wunderkind\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397345\",\n \"text\": \"in 2011. He was also named the Mister Europa European Player of the Year by the Italian sports magazine \\\"Superbasket\\\" in 2005, and the FIBA Europe Men's Player of the Year twice in 2005 and 2011. Nowitzki is a versatile frontcourt player who mostly plays the power forward position, but has also played center and small forward throughout his career. An exceptional shooter for his size, Nowitzki has made 88% of his free throws, nearly 50% of his field goal attempts and nearly 40% of his 3-point shots, and won the 2006 NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout competition. In the 2006–07\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397334\",\n \"text\": \"the New Orleans Pelicans, Nowitzki scored a season-high 23 points and passed Elvin Hayes for eighth all-time in field goals with 10,980. On March 17, 2018, in a 114–106 loss to the Brooklyn Nets, Nowitzki played in his 1,463rd game, moving past Kevin Garnett into fifth place in the NBA career list. Five days later, in a 119–112 loss to the Utah Jazz, Nowitzki passed Garnett for third place in minutes played in NBA history. Nowitzki's 25 minutes increased his career total to 50,437. On March 30, 2018, in a 93–92 loss to the Timberwolves, Nowitzki set an NBA record\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397282\",\n \"text\": \"was delayed by the 1998–99 NBA lockout, which put the entire season in jeopardy. In limbo, Nowitzki returned to DJK Würzburg and played thirteen games before both sides worked out a late compromise deal that resulted in a shortened NBA schedule of only 50 games. When the season finally started, Nowitzki struggled. Played as a power forward by coach Don Nelson, the 20-year-old felt overpowered by the more athletic NBA forwards, was intimidated by the expectations as a number nine pick, and played bad defense; hecklers taunted him as \\\"Irk Nowitzki\\\", omitting the \\\"D\\\" which stands for \\\"defense\\\" in basketball\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397339\",\n \"text\": \"for Nowitzki and his German squad. In a preparation game, he suffered a foot injury after a collision with French player Florent Piétrus; as a result, Nowitzki played inconsistently and was also often target of hard fouls. In the decisive second round match against Italy (only the winner was allowed to play the medal round), Germany lost, 86–84, finished ninth and did not qualify for the 2004 Olympic Games. Nowitzki scored 22.5 points per game (third overall), but in general seemed to lack focus and dominance due to his injury. In the EuroBasket 2005, Nowitzki came back strong. He surprisingly\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397344\",\n \"text\": \"Summer 2011, Nowitzki played with Germany in the EuroBasket 2011, where the team reached ninth place. In 2015, Nowitzki captained Germany at the EuroBasket. They won only one game, and were eliminated in the group stage, on home soil. In January 2016, Nowitzki officially announced his retirement from Germany's national team. In his career with Germany's senior men's national team, he averaged 19.7 points, 7.5 rebounds, and 1.6 assists per game. Nowitzki was named the Euroscar European Basketball Player of the Year by the Italian sports newspaper \\\"Gazzetta dello Sport\\\" for five years running from 2002 to 2006 and again\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397316\",\n \"text\": \"2.5 assists in 21 games. As Dallas celebrated their title, the NBA was in a lockout. It ended on December 8, 2011. The defending champions lost core players, such as DeShawn Stevenson, J. J. Barea, Peja Stojaković, and Tyson Chandler, while adding veteran all-star Vince Carter, Lamar Odom, and Delonte West in free agency. The Mavericks played only two preseason games, which led to a slow start for Nowitzki. Soon, Nowitzki became the 98th player in NBA history to play in 1,000 games. Nowitzki received his championship ring on January 25, 2012. After scoring his 23,335th point, Nowitzki passed Robert\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397274\",\n \"text\": \"enter the full-time training schedule, choosing the path to his eventual international career. Geschwindner let him train seven days a week with DJK Würzburg players and future German internationals Robert Garrett, Marvin Willoughby, and Demond Greene, and in the summer of 1994, then 16-year-old Nowitzki made the DJK squad. When Nowitzki joined the team, DJK played in Germany's 2nd-tier level league, the Second Bundesliga, South Division. His first trainer was Pit Stahl, who played the tall teenager as an outside-scoring forward rather than an inside-scoring center to utilise his shooting skills. In the 1994–95 Second Bundesliga season, ambitious DJK finished\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397324\",\n \"text\": \"traded to Dallas after a 3-year stint with New York. Also to come over from New York was point guard Raymond Felton. The Mavericks made big strides in the off-season to put Dirk with some considerable talent, signing a rising small forward Chandler Parsons and veteran point guard Jameer Nelson. The Mavericks later signed former championship teammate J. J. Barea after the Timberwolves waived him. On November 11, 2014, Nowitzki scored 23 points to surpass Hakeem Olajuwon as the highest-scoring player born outside the United States, as the Mavericks came from 24 points down to defeat Sacramento 106–98 for their\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15688184\",\n \"text\": \"of 2006, Silke Nowitzki became manager of her brother Dirk Nowitzki. Silke Nowitzki Silke Nowitzki (born July 12, 1974 in Würzburg, West Germany) is a German former international basketball player. She is the manager of her brother Dirk Nowitzki. In 1993 Silke Nowitzki promoted with the women's team of DJK Würzburg into the first German basketball division. She had her debut for the Germany women's national basketball team in 1995. She participated with DJK Würzburg in the 1998 Ronchetti Cup. In 2001 Silke Nowitzki went to New York and started working for the NBA in International TV. Between 2003 and\",\n \"title\": \"Silke Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397302\",\n \"text\": \"other. We went through some ups and downs this season, but the playoffs are all about showing heart and playing together.\\\" Of Nowitzki's performance, ESPN columnist Bill Simmons wrote, \\\"Dirk is playing at a higher level than any forward since [Larry] Bird.\\\" The Mavericks took an early 2–0 lead, but then gave away a late 15-point lead in a Game 3 loss and finally fell to a scoring onslaught by Heat Finals MVP Dwyane Wade: Wade scored at least 36 points in the next four games, all of which the Heat won. Nowitzki only made 20 of his last 55\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397271\",\n \"text\": \"FIBA World Championship and silver in EuroBasket 2005, and was the leading scorer and MVP in both tournaments. Born in Würzburg, Germany, Nowitzki comes from an athletic family: his mother Helga Nowitzki (née Bredenbröcker) was a professional basketball player and his father Jörg-Werner was a handball player who represented Germany at the highest international level. His older sister Silke Nowitzki, a local champion in track and field, also became a basketball player and now works for the NBA in International TV. Nowitzki was a very tall child; most of the time he stood above his peers by a foot or\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397280\",\n \"text\": \"had set their sights on forward Pat Garrity, who was projected as a low first-round pick. In the draft, the Mavericks drafted Traylor with their sixth pick and the Bucks selected Nowitzki with their ninth pick and Garrity with their nineteenth pick. The Mavericks traded Traylor to the Bucks for Nowitzki and Garrity, and then traded Garrity to Phoenix for Nash. In retrospect, Don Nelson, who had once coached the Bucks, had an outstanding trade instinct, essentially trading future career underachievers Traylor and Garrity for two future NBA MVPs in Nowitzki and Nash; in addition, the new recruits quickly became\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397295\",\n \"text\": \"second 2,000-point season; his 26.1 points scoring average set a new record by a European player. On December 2, 2004, Nowitzki scored 53 points in an overtime win against the Houston Rockets, a career best. As a reward, Nowitzki was voted to the All-NBA First Team for the first time. He also placed third in the league's MVP voting, behind Nash and Shaquille O'Neal. By being elected to the All-NBA First Team, Nowitzki became the first player who did not attend a United States high school or college to be on the All-NBA First Team. On January 18, 2005, Nowitzki\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397277\",\n \"text\": \"hex, finishing at first place with 14:2 points and earning promotion to the next higher league; Nowitzki was voted \\\"German Basketballer of the Year\\\" by the German BASKET magazine. Abroad, Nowitzki's progress was noticed. A year later, the teenager participated in the Nike \\\"Hoop Heroes Tour\\\", where he played against NBA stars like Charles Barkley and Scottie Pippen. In a 30-minute show match, Nowitzki outplayed Barkley and even dunked on him, causing the latter to exclaim: \\\"The boy is a genius. If he wants to enter the NBA, he can call me.\\\" On March 29, 1998, Nowitzki was chosen to\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397349\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Barkley says the best way to guard Nowitzki is to \\\"get a cigarette and a blindfold\\\". Later on in his career, Nowitzki also developed an unorthodox post up game, often backing down his opponents from the free throw line or near the middle of the key, opening up the floor for multiple passing angles should a double team come his way. When defenses guard Nowitzki with one of their biggest men, who is then pulled out to the perimeter, the net effect is that while Nowitzki's own statistics are actually compromised by being out of position to offensively rebound\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397323\",\n \"text\": \"Havlicek on the NBA scoring list with 26,426 points. On April 8, 2014, Nowitzki scored his 26,712th point, passing Oscar Robertson to move to the 10th position on the all-time scoring list. Nowitzki led the Mavericks back to the Playoffs where they would face their in state rival San Antonio Spurs in the first round. Dallas lost the series in seven games and the Spurs went on to win the NBA championship. On July 15, 2014, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks to a reported three-year, $25 million contract. He was also reunited with former championship teammate Tyson Chandler, who was\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19976263\",\n \"text\": \"Nowitzki. The Perfect Shot Nowitzki. The perfect shot is a German documentary film produced by Leopold Hoesch which concerns the career of Dirk Nowitzki from the second German Basketball League to the NBA. The films premiered on 16 September 2014 in Cologne. The film depicts the relationship between Dirk Nowitzki and his personal coach and mentor Holger Geschwindner. Geschwindner developed Nowitzki's talent with various means including science to improve Nowitzki's jump shots. The film features basketball footage and personalities such as Dirk Nowitzki, Kobe Bryant, Yao Ming, Steve Nash, Michael Finley, Jason Kidd, Rick Carlisle Marc Cuban, David Stern, Don\",\n \"title\": \"Nowitzki. The Perfect Shot\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397281\",\n \"text\": \"close friends. Nowitzki became only the fourth German player in NBA history, following pivots Uwe Blab and Christian Welp and All-Star swingman Detlef Schrempf, who was a 35-year-old veteran of the Seattle SuperSonics when his young compatriot arrived. Nowitzki finished his DJK career as the only Würzburg player to have ever made the NBA. In Dallas, Nowitzki joined a franchise which had last made the playoffs in 1990. Shooting guard Michael Finley captained the squad, supported by center Shawn Bradley (once a number two draft pick) and team scoring leader Cedric Ceballos, an ex-Laker forward. The start of the season\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397354\",\n \"text\": \"we are still good friends.\\\" He added: \\\"I surely want to start a family and have kids, but I cannot imagine it happening before I become 30.\\\" In 2010, Nowitzki met and began dating Jessica Olsson, sister of twin Swedish footballers Martin Olsson and Marcus Olsson. The couple got married on July 20, 2012, at Nowitzki's home in Dallas. They have a daughter, born in July 2013 and two sons, born in March 2015 and November 2016. Though Nowitzki has considered acquiring U.S. citizenship, he remains a German national. Nowitzki acknowledged close ties to his mentor Holger Geschwindner, whom he\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397300\",\n \"text\": \"rebounds, and 2.9 assists. The Mavericks swept the Memphis Grizzlies, 4–0, with Nowitzki scored a clutch three-pointer in the closing seconds of Game 3 which tied the game and forced overtime. In the Western Conference Semifinals, the Mavericks played against the San Antonio Spurs again. After splitting the first six games, the Mavericks took a 20-point lead in Game 7 before Spur Manu Ginóbili broke a tie at 101 by hitting a 3 with 30 seconds left. On the next play, Nowitzki completed a three-point play, which tied the game at 104. In the end, the Mavericks won, 119–111, and\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397291\",\n \"text\": \"former best-of-five, the Mavericks quickly won the first three games, but then completely lost their rhythm and the next three. In Game 7, Nowitzki hit a clutch three to make it 100–94 with 1:21 left and the Mavericks won 107–95. \\\"This was the most important basket of my career\\\", he later said, \\\"I was not prepared to go on vacation that early.\\\" In the next round, the Mavericks met the Kings again, and the series went seven games. Nowitzki delivered a clutch performance in Game 7; he scored 30 points, grabbed 19 rebounds, and played strong defense, leading the Mavericks\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397343\",\n \"text\": \"Rico for the last remaining slot. In that crucial match, he scored a game-high 32 points and was vital for the 96–82 win which sent the German basketball team to their first Olympics since the 1992 Summer Olympics. Nowitzki was chosen to be the flag bearer for the German Olympic Team at the Opening Ceremony for the 2008 Olympics. Nowitzki led the German team to a tenth-place finish, and averaged 17.0 points, and 8.4 rebounds for the tournament. In 2009, Nowitzki skipped the EuroBasket 2009. In July 2010, he said that he would skip the 2010 FIBA World Championship. In\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397301\",\n \"text\": \"Nowitzki ended the game with 37 points and 15 rebounds. Nowitzki commented: \\\"I don't know how the ball went in. Manu hit my hand. It was a lucky bounce.\\\" The Mavericks advanced to the Western Conference Finals, where they again met the Suns. Nowitzki scored 50 points to lead the Mavericks to a victory in the crucial Game 5 with the series tied at 2; the Mavericks won the series in six games and faced the Miami Heat in the 2006 NBA Finals. A content Nowitzki commented: \\\"We've been a good road team all season long, we believed in each\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397288\",\n \"text\": \"Second Team and into his first All-Star Game. After makin the playoffs with a 57–25 record, the Mavericks swept Kevin Garnett and the Minnesota Timberwolves in the first round; Nowitzki averaged 33.3 points per game. In the second round, the Mavericks met the Sacramento Kings and rival power forward Chris Webber. After splitting the first two games, Kings coach Rick Adelman changed his defensive scheme, assigning Hedo Türkoğlu to cover Nowitzki. Türkoğlu would use his agility to play Nowitzki tightly, and if the taller Maverick tried to post up Türkoğlu, Webber would double team Nowitzki. In Game 3 in Dallas,\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397284\",\n \"text\": \"sidelines, buying the team a $46 million six-star Boeing 757 to travel in, and increasing franchise revenues to over $100 million. Nowitzki lauded Cuban, stating that he \\\"created the perfect environment... we only have to go out and win.\\\" As a result of Nelson's tutelage, Cuban's improvements and his own progress, Nowitzki significantly improved in his second season. Nowitzki averaged 17.5 points, 6.5 rebounds and 2.5 assists per game in 35.8 minutes. He was voted runner-up in the NBA Most Improved Player Award behind Jalen Rose, and made it into the NBA All-Star Sophomore squad. The Nowitzki also was chosen\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397355\",\n \"text\": \"called his best friend. He is also good friends with his ex-teammate Steve Nash. Nash said of playing with Nowitzki, \\\"We were both joining a new club, living in a new city, we were both single and outsiders: this creates a bond ... He made life easier for me and I for him ... Our friendship was something solid in a very volatile world.\\\" Nowitzki added, \\\"He would have also become a good friend if we had met at the supermarket.\\\" Nowitzki's career has been chronicled in books. \\\"\\\", written by German sports journalists Dino Reisner and Holger Sauer, was\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397335\",\n \"text\": \"by playing in his 75th game of the season, the most by a player in his 20th season in the league. He had season-ending ankle surgery on April 5 after appearing in 77 of the first 78 games. On July 23, 2018, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks for the 2018–19 season. With his season debut on December 13, 2018, he set the NBA record for the most seasons played at the same club (21), breaking a tie with Kobe Bryant, who spent 20 seasons with the Lakers. He also became the 5th player in NBA history to play 21 seasons,\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397287\",\n \"text\": \"Mavericks lost the first three games of the series, and Nowitzki fell ill with the flu and later lost a tooth after a collision with Spurs guard Terry Porter. After a Game 4 win, Nowitzki scored 42 points and grabbed 18 rebounds in Game 5, but could not prevent a deciding 105–87 loss. Prior to the 2001–02 NBA season, Nowitzki signed a six-year, $90 million contract extension, which made him the second-highest-paid German athlete after Formula One champion Michael Schumacher. He continued to improve, averaging 23.4 points, 9.9 rebounds and 2.4 assists per game. Nowitzki was voted into the All-NBA\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397269\",\n \"text\": \"and its only NBA championship in 2011. Known for his scoring ability, his versatility, his accurate outside shooting, and his trademark fadeaway jump shot, Nowitzki won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2007 and the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in 2011. Nowitzki's NBA career has been filled with accomplishments. He is the only player ever to play for a single franchise for 21 consecutive seasons. Nowitzki is a 13-time All-Star, a 12-time All-NBA Team member, the first European player to start in an All-Star Game, and the first European player to receive the NBA Most Valuable Player\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397292\",\n \"text\": \"to a series-deciding 112–99 win. In the Western Conference Finals, the Mavericks met the Spurs again. In Game 3, Nowitzki went up for a rebound and Spurs guard Manu Ginóbili collided with his knee, forcing him out of the series. Without their top scorer, the Mavericks still fought valiantly, but lost in six games. After Dallas traded starting center Raef LaFrentz to Boston for forward Antoine Walker, Nelson decided to start Nowitzki at center. To cope with his more physical role, Nowitzki put on of muscle mass over summer, sacrificed part of his agility, and put more emphasis on defense\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397306\",\n \"text\": \"spite of this historic playoffs loss, Nowitzki was named the NBA's regular-season Most Valuable Player and beat his friend and back-to-back NBA MVP Nash with more than 100 votes. He also became the first European player in NBA history to receive the honor. The 2007–08 campaign saw another first-round playoffs exit for Nowitzki and his Mavericks. Despite a mid-season trade that sent veteran NBA All-Star Jason Kidd to Dallas, the Mavericks finished seventh in a highly competitive Western Conference. Nowitzki averaged 23.6 points, 8.6 rebounds, and a career-high 3.5 assists for the season. In the playoffs, they faced rising star\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397272\",\n \"text\": \"more. He initially played handball and tennis, but soon grew tired of being called a \\\"freak\\\" for his height and eventually turned to basketball. After joining the local DJK Würzburg, the 15-year-old attracted the attention of former German international basketball player Holger Geschwindner, who spotted his talent immediately and offered to coach him individually two to three times per week. After getting both the approval of Nowitzki and his parents, Geschwindner put his student through an unorthodox training scheme: he emphasized shooting and passing exercises, and shunned weight training and tactical drills, because he felt it was \\\"unnecessary friction\\\". Furthermore,\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397342\",\n \"text\": \"the best moments of [his] career\\\". In the 2006 FIBA World Championship, Nowitzki led the German team to an eighth place and commented: \\\"It's tough luck. But overall, finishing eighth in the world is not bad.\\\" In the EuroBasket 2007, in which the top three teams automatically qualified for the 2008 Olympics, Nowitzki led Germany to a fifth place. He was the leading scorer with 24.0 points per game. The fifth place meant that Germany fell short of direct qualification, but was allowed to participate in the 2008 Olympic Qualifying Tournament. Nowitzki led Germany into a decisive match against Puerto\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397325\",\n \"text\": \"21st straight regular-season win at home against the Kings. Nowitzki hit a jumper from just inside the three-point line early in the fourth quarter to pass Olajuwon at No. 9, and he finished the night at 26,953 career points. Six days later, Nowitzki became the fourth player in NBA history to eclipse 27,000 career points with the same franchise, joining a prestigious group that includes Michael Jordan, Karl Malone and Kobe Bryant. On December 26 against the Los Angeles Lakers, Nowitzki passed Elvin Hayes for eighth place on the NBA's all-time scoring list. He went on to pass Moses Malone\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397311\",\n \"text\": \"most significant change to the 2010–11 team roster was the arrival of Tyson Chandler via trade. Nowitzki was injured in the middle of the season, during which the Mavericks recorded their worst losing streak in over a decade. Nowitzki finished the regular season with averages of 23 points, 7 rebounds, and 3 assists. Despite missing 9 games, Nowitzki was selected to the 2011 All-Star Game, his tenth appearance. The Mavericks concluded the regular season with 57 wins, seeding third behind the Spurs and Lakers for the 2011 NBA Playoffs. During the playoffs, despite their seeding, many predicted that Dallas would\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397351\",\n \"text\": \"shots, he is ranked 8th in active players for defensive win shares as of July 2014. Nowitzki is the sixth player in NBA history, and the first European, to hit the 30,000-point milestone. Apart from being the Mavericks' all-time leader in points, rebounds, field goals, field goal attempts, 3-pointers, 3-point attempts, free throws, and free-throw attempts, Nowitzki has made the NBA All-Star games thirteen times and the All-NBA Teams twelve times. He was voted NBA MVP of the 2006–07 NBA season, becoming the first European player to receive the honor, as well as the MVP of the 2011 NBA Finals.\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397333\",\n \"text\": \"West for the sixth-most free throws in NBA history at 7,160. Four days later, in a 107–101 overtime loss to the Los Angeles Lakers, Nowitzki passed West with his 7,161st career free throw made in the second quarter, taking sole possession of sixth in NBA history. On February 5, 2018, in a 104–101 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, Nowitzki became the sixth player in NBA history to reach 50,000 career minutes. On February 28, 2018, in a 111–110 overtime loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder, Nowitzki reached 31,000 career points. On March 4, 2018, in a 126–109 loss to\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397332\",\n \"text\": \"the milestone and one of only three to score all 30,000-plus with one team—the others being Karl Malone (Utah) and Kobe Bryant (Lakers). Following the 2016–17 season, Nowitzki exercised his player option to become a free agent to allow the Mavericks to re-sign him with less money and be able to pursue other free agents. On July 6, 2017, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks on a two-year, $10 million contract (with a team option on the second year). On January 9, 2018, Nowitzki went 7 for 7 from the free throw line against the Orlando Magic, tying him with Jerry\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397331\",\n \"text\": \"23, Nowitzki scored 17 first-half points (playing only 15 minutes before sitting out the second half) in a 90–88 win over the Clippers. On February 7, 2017 against Portland, Nowitzki moved into 10th place all-time in field goals with 10,517. Also, his two blocked shots against the Trail Blazers gave him 1,200 for this career, the 55th player in NBA history to reach that figure. On March 7, 2017, in a 122–111 win over the Los Angeles Lakers, Nowitzki became the sixth player in NBA history to score 30,000 regular-season points. He also became the first international player to reach\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397317\",\n \"text\": \"Parish on the all-time scoring list at #20. He then passed Charles Barkley for 19th, and scored his 24,000th point on April 15, 2012 against the Lakers. Nowitzki blocked a shot by the Celtics' Avery Bradley, which was his 1,000th block. He became one of only 3 players in NBA history with at least 1,000 3-pointers and blocks, joining Clifford Robinson and Rasheed Wallace. Nowitzki made his 11th straight All-Star game appearance in Orlando. Nowitzki scored 31 points in the second half against Houston on April 18, 2012, including 21 in the fourth quarter. It marked the third-highest scoring half\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397315\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Flu Game\\\" against Utah in the 1997 NBA Finals. Dallas went on to win the next two games, with Nowitzki scoring 10 fourth-quarter points in the series-clinching game in Miami, bringing the first championship to the franchise. In the series, Nowitzki scored 62 points total in the six fourth quarters, equaling the combined fourth-quarter output of James and Wade. He was named Finals MVP, joining a list of 10 other players to have been an NBA champion, NBA Finals MVP, an NBA regular season MVP, and a ten-time All-Star. For the 2011 playoffs, Nowitzki averaged 27.7 points, 8.1 rebounds, and\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15688183\",\n \"text\": \"Silke Nowitzki Silke Nowitzki (born July 12, 1974 in Würzburg, West Germany) is a German former international basketball player. She is the manager of her brother Dirk Nowitzki. In 1993 Silke Nowitzki promoted with the women's team of DJK Würzburg into the first German basketball division. She had her debut for the Germany women's national basketball team in 1995. She participated with DJK Würzburg in the 1998 Ronchetti Cup. In 2001 Silke Nowitzki went to New York and started working for the NBA in International TV. Between 2003 and 2005 she studied business economics in San Diego. In the summer\",\n \"title\": \"Silke Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397352\",\n \"text\": \"Other achievements include winning the 2006 NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout, being voted European Basketballer of the Year five times in a row by \\\"La Gazzetta dello Sport\\\", and being the leading scorer and MVP of the 2002 FIBA World Championship, and EuroBasket 2005 tournaments. In 2013, Michael Jordan called Nowitzki one of only four players (alongside LeBron James, Tim Duncan, and Kobe Bryant) who could be nearly as successful in his era of basketball. Nowitzki is the only player to record at least 31,000 points, 10,000 rebounds, 3,000 assists, 1,000 steals, 1,000 blocks and 1,000 3-point field goals. Nowitzki's older\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397294\",\n \"text\": \"Nowitzki's close friend Steve Nash left Dallas and returned to the Phoenix Suns as a free agent. During the season, long-time head coach Don Nelson resigned, and his assistant Avery Johnson took on coaching duties. In the midst of these changes, Nowitzki stepped up his game and averaged 26.1 points a game (a career high) and 9.7 rebounds, and his 1.5 blocks and 3.1 assists were also career numbers. In addition, Nowitzki scored at least 10 points in every game and was one of four players who registered at least 1.2 steals and blocks per game. This was also his\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397322\",\n \"text\": \"game with 35 points and passed Reggie Miller on the NBA scoring list with 25,298 points. On December 23, 2013, in a 111–104 victory over the Houston Rockets, Nowitzki finished the game with 31 points and passed Alex English on the NBA scoring list with 25,631 points. On January 29, 2014, Nowitzki scored his 26,000 point in a 115–117 loss to the Houston Rockets. In 35 minutes of play, he recorded 38 points, 17 rebounds, and 3 assists. On March 12, 2014, in a 108–101 victory over the Utah Jazz, Nowitzki finished the game with 31 points and passed John\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397337\",\n \"text\": \"lost 99–90 against Spain, and did not win a medal. However, with averages of 28.7 points and 9.1 rebounds, Nowitzki led the tournament in both statistics, and was voted to the All-Star team. Back home, the German basketball team attracted up to 3.7 million television viewers, a German basketball record at the time. Nowitzki finally earned his first medal when he led Germany to a bronze medal in the 2002 FIBA World Championship. In the quarter-finals against the Pau Gasol-led Spain, Spain was up 52–46 after three quarters, but then Nowitzki scored 10 points in the last quarter and led\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397299\",\n \"text\": \"Weekend in Houston, Nowitzki scored 18 points to defeat Seattle SuperSonics guard Ray Allen and Washington Wizards guard Gilbert Arenas in the Three-Point Shootout contest. Nowitzki paced Dallas to a 60-win season. The team finished with the third-best record in the league, behind the defending champion San Antonio Spurs and defending Eastern Conference champion Detroit Pistons. As in the 2004–05 season, he finished third in the league's MVP voting, this time behind Nash and LeBron James. He was again elected to the first team All-NBA squad. Nowitzki confirmed his superstar status during the playoffs as he averaged 27.0 points, 11.7\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397289\",\n \"text\": \"the Mavericks lost, 125–119; Nowitzki scored only 19 points and said: \\\"I simply could not pass Türkoğlu, and if I did, I ran into a double team and committed too many turnovers.\\\" In Game 4, Nowitzki missed two potentially game-deciding jump shots, and the Mavericks lost, 115–113, at home. In Game 5, the Mavericks were eliminated, 114-101. However, Nowitzki received a consolation award: the \\\"Gazzetta dello Sport\\\" voted him as \\\"European Basketballer of the Year\\\", his 104 votes lifting him over second-placed Dejan Bodiroga (54) and Stojakovic (50). Before the 2002–03 NBA season, Don Nelson and Mark Cuban put more\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397346\",\n \"text\": \"season, Nowitzki became only the fifth member of the NBA's 50–40–90 Club for players who shot 50% or better from the field, 40% or better on three-pointers, and 90% or better on free-throws in a single season while achieving the NBA league minimum number of makes in each category. Throughout Nowitzki's career, he has responded to the increased pressure of the playoffs by increasing his productivity. As of the end of the 2013–14 season, he had averaged 22.5 points and 8.1 rebounds in the regular season. In the playoffs, he has averaged 25.6 points and 10.1 rebounds, which only Hakeem\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397336\",\n \"text\": \"tying an NBA record. Nowitzki began playing for the German national basketball team in 1997. In his debut tournament, the EuroBasket 1999, the 21-year-old rookie emerged as the main German scorer, but Germany finished seventh and failed to qualify for the 2000 Olympic Games. In the EuroBasket 2001, Nowitzki was top scorer with 28.7 points per game, and narrowly lost the MVP vote to Serbian player Peja Stojaković. Germany reached the semifinals and were close to beating host nation Turkey, but Hedo Türkoğlu hit a 3-point buzzer beater to tie it, and the Turks eventually won in overtime. Germany then\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397310\",\n \"text\": \"to the 2010 All-Star Game, his ninth appearance. The Mavericks faced off against San Antonio once more in the first round of the playoffs, but for the third time in four seasons, they failed to progress to the next round. Nowitzki was the only consistent player throughout the series for the Mavericks, averaging 26.7 points per outing, while Jason Terry, second-leading scorer for the Mavericks, averaged 12.7 points per game compared to his 16.6 regular season. Despite being a free agent, on July 5, 2010, Nowitzki agreed to remain with Dallas by re-signing to a four-year, $80 million deal. The\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397329\",\n \"text\": \"with 40 points in a 132–120 overtime win over the Portland Trail Blazers. His 20th career 40-point game was his first since January 2014, and the first by a 37-year-old since Karl Malone in 2000–01. On April 11, in a win over the Utah Jazz that clinched the Mavericks a spot in the playoffs for the 15th time in 16 years, Nowitzki hit four three-pointers, becoming the 15th player in NBA history with at least 1,700 career triples. In Game 4 of the Mavericks' first-round playoff series against the Oklahoma City Thunder, Nowitzki passed Elgin Baylor (3,623 points) for 15th\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397330\",\n \"text\": \"on the NBA's career playoff scoring list. On July 27, 2016, Nowitzki re-signed with the Mavericks. Nowitzki appeared in just three of the Mavericks' first 13 games of the season due to illness and a strained left Achilles tendon. He returned for the 14th game of the season, but with a loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, the Mavericks fell to a 2–12 record – their worst start since going 1–23 in 1993–94. He appeared in one more before sitting out 14 straight with further Achilles tendon issues, this time on his right foot. In his return game on December\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397321\",\n \"text\": \"time since Nowitzki's second season, ending their 12-year playoff streak. At the start of the season, the Mavs let go of players they had signed the year before like O.J. Mayo, Chris Kaman, Elton Brand and Darren Collison to make room for the signing of shooting guard Monta Ellis and point guard Devin Harris. On November 12, 2013, in a 105–95 victory over the Washington Wizards, Nowitzki finished the game with 19 points and passed Jerry West on the NBA scoring list with 25,197 points. On November 20, 2013, in a 123–120 victory over the Houston Rockets, Nowitzki finished the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397320\",\n \"text\": \"Antonio. In January 2013, Nowizki and some of his teammates (including Mayo, Brand, Kaman, Carter and then teammate Dahntay Jones) made a pact not to shave their beards until the team reached .500. They were often called \\\"The Beard Bros.\\\" On April 14, 2013, after a fade away jumper in a game against the New Orleans Hornets, Nowitzki became the 17th player in NBA history to score 25,000 points. The Mavs went on to win the game, climbing back up to .500 with a 40–40 record and Nowitzki shaved his beard. However the Mavericks missed the playoffs for the first\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397285\",\n \"text\": \"for the NBA All-Star Three Point Shootout, becoming the tallest player ever to participate. While he improved on an individual level, the Mavericks missed the playoffs after a mediocre 40–42 season. In the 2000–01 NBA season, Nowitzki further improved his averages, recording 21.8 points, 9.2 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game. As a sign of his growing importance, he joined team captain Finley as only one of two Mavericks to play and start in all 82 games, and had 10 games in which he scored at least 30 points. Nowitzki became the first Maverick ever to be voted into the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397278\",\n \"text\": \"play in the Nike Hoop Summit, one of the premier talent watches in U.S. men's basketball. In a match between the U.S. talents and the international talents, Nowitzki scored 33 points on 6-of-12 shooting, 14 rebounds and 3 steals for the internationals and outplayed future US NBA players Rashard Lewis and Al Harrington. He impressed with a combination of quickness, ball handling, and shooting range, and from that moment a multitude of European and NBA clubs wanted to recruit him. Projected to be seventh pick in the 1998 NBA draft, Nowitzki passed up many college offers and went directly into\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397273\",\n \"text\": \"Geschwindner encouraged Nowitzki to play a musical instrument and read literature to make him a more complete personality. After a year, the coach was so impressed with Nowitzki's progress that he advised him, \\\"You must now decide whether you want to play against the best in the world or just stay a local hero in Germany. If you choose the latter, we will stop training immediately, because nobody can prevent that anymore. But if you want to play against the best, we have to train on a daily basis.\\\" After pondering this lifetime decision for two days, Nowitzki agreed to\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397308\",\n \"text\": \"of 25.9 points, 8.4 rebounds, and 2.4 assists. He was fourth in the league in scoring, and garnered his fourth All-NBA First Team selection. He also made the 2009 All-Star game, his eighth appearance. Nowitzki led Dallas to a tight finish towards the playoffs, finishing 50–32 for the season (6th in the West), after a slow 2–7 start. In the playoffs, the German led Dallas to an upset win over long-time rival San Antonio (the third seed), winning the first-round series, 4–1. The Mavericks, however, fell short against the Denver Nuggets, 4–1, in the second round, with Nowitzki averaging 34.4\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397307\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Paul's New Orleans Hornets, and were eliminated in five games. The playoff loss led to the firing of Avery Johnson as head coach and the eventual hiring of Rick Carlisle. The few positive highlights that season for Nowitzki were his first career triple-double against the Milwaukee Bucks on February 6, 2008, with 29 points, 10 rebounds, and a career-high 12 assists, and on March 8, 2008 (34 points against the New Jersey Nets), when he surpassed Rolando Blackman with his 16,644th point to become the Mavericks' all-time career points leader. The 2008–09 NBA season saw Nowitzki finish with averages\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397305\",\n \"text\": \"Warriors in six games, marking the first time a #8 seed had beaten the #1 in a best-of-seven series in NBA history. In the clinching Game 6, Nowitzki shot just 2–13 from the field for only eight points. Defended by Stephen Jackson, Nowitzki averaged nearly five points less than his regular-season average in that series and shot 38.3% from the field as compared to 50.2% during the regular season. He described that loss as a low point in his career: \\\"This series, I couldn't put my stamp on it the way I wanted to. That's why I'm very disappointed.\\\" In\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397341\",\n \"text\": \"a baseline jump shot over Garbajosa's outstretched arms with 3.9 seconds to go. The German later commented: \\\"It was indescribable. Garbajosa kind of pushed me towards the baseline so I just went with it.\\\" Despite losing the Finals, 78–62, to the Greeks, Nowitzki was the tournament's leading scorer (26.1 per game), and second-leading rebounder (10.6 per game), and shot blocker (1.9 per game), and he was also voted the Most Valuable Player of the tournament. When he was subbed out towards the end of the final, Nowitzki received standing ovation from the crowd, which he later recalled as \\\"one of\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397319\",\n \"text\": \"the Mavs in 4 games. After failing to sign coveted free agents Deron Williams and Steve Nash, the Mavericks retooled their roster by letting go of Jason Kidd, Jason Terry and Brendan Haywood, and acquiring younger players such as O. J. Mayo, Darren Collison, as well as veteran big men Chris Kaman and Elton Brand. Nowitzki plans to play out the remainder of his 4-year, 80 million dollar contract that expires in 2014. Nowitzki underwent knee surgery in October 2012 and missed the first 27 games of the season. He returned on December 23, 2012, in a game against San\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397297\",\n \"text\": \"three games in a row. After losing Game 6, Dallas won Game 7 convincingly and won the series even though Nowitzki struggled with his shooting. In the Western Conference Semifinals, the Mavericks met the Phoenix Suns, the new club of Nash. They split the first four games, before the Suns won the last two games. In Game 6, which the Mavericks lost in overtime, Nowitzki was again not at his best: he scored 28 points, but also sank only 9 of his 25 field goal attempts; in addition, he was visibly irritated, repeatedly shouting at his teammates and missing all\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397296\",\n \"text\": \"scored his 10,000th career point in a 137–120 Mavericks win against the Washington Wizards. However, the Mavericks had a subpar 2005 NBA Playoffs campaign. In the first round, Dallas met Houston Rockets scoring champion Tracy McGrady and center Yao Ming, and Nowitzki was expected to average high figures against unheralded forward Ryan Bowen: nba.com described Bowen as \\\"overmatched\\\" versus the German. Instead, Bowen limited Nowitzki to just 21 points in Game 1 and 26 points in Game 2, where the latter hit 8 of 26 shots from the field. The Rockets took a 2–0 series lead before the Mavericks won\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397340\",\n \"text\": \"led a depleted German squad into the Finals, beating title favorites Slovenia in the quarter-finals and Spain in the semi-finals on the way. EuroBasket pundits praised Nowitzki in both matches: against Slovenia (76–62), the forward scored a game high 22 points and commented: \\\"The Slovenians underestimated us. They said we were the team they wanted and that was wrong, you shouldn't do that in the quarter-finals.\\\" Against Spain (74–73), Nowitzki scored a game-high 27 points and scored the decisive basket: down by one and with only a few seconds to go, he drove on Spanish forward Jorge Garbajosa, and hit\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397314\",\n \"text\": \"loss in Miami, he tore a tendon in his left middle finger; however, MRIs were negative, and Nowitzki vowed that the injury would not be a factor. In Game 2, he led a Dallas rally from an 88–73 fourth-quarter deficit, capped by a driving left-handed layup over Bosh to tie the series at 1. Miami took a 2–1 series lead after Nowitzki missed a potential game-tying shot at the end of Game 3. Despite carrying a 101 °F fever in Game 4, he hit the winning basket to tie the series yet again at 2, evoking comparisons to Michael Jordan's\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397298\",\n \"text\": \"five of his shots in OT. Prior to the 2005–06 NBA season, veteran Mavericks captain Michael Finley was waived over the summer, and now Nowitzki was the last player remaining from the Mavericks' \\\"Big Three\\\" of Nash, Finley, and himself. Nowitzki blossomed as the sole franchise player, averaging 26.6 points, 9.0 rebounds, and 2.8 assists. Not only was this his third 2,000-point season, but his scoring average of 26.6 points was highest ever by a European. He improved his shooting percentage, setting personal season records in field goals (48.0%), three-point shots (40.6%) and free throws (90.1%). During the 2006 All-Star\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397290\",\n \"text\": \"emphasis on defense, specializing in a zone anchored by prolific shotblockers Raef LaFrentz and Shawn Bradley. The Mavericks won their first eleven games, and Finley, Nash and Nowitzki were voted \\\"Western Conference Players of the Month\\\" in November 2002. In that season, Nowitzki lifted his averages again, now scoring 25.1 points, 9.9 rebounds and 3.0 assists per game. He led the Mavericks to a franchise-high 60–22 record, which earned them the third seed: as a result, the Mavericks had to play sixth seed Portland Trail Blazers in the 2003 NBA Playoffs. Now playing in a best-of-seven series instead of the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397270\",\n \"text\": \"Award. Nowitzki is the sixth player to achieve over 30,000 regular-season points and is the highest-scoring foreign-born player in NBA history. He is the first Maverick voted onto an All-NBA Team and holds several all-time Mavericks franchise records. On December 10, 2012, he became the first non-American player to receive the Naismith Legacy Award. As of the end of the 2017–18 season, Nowitzki stood sixth on the list of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders with 31,187 points. Nowitzki's career in international play is also noteworthy. He led the German national basketball team to a bronze medal in the 2002\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397303\",\n \"text\": \"shots in the final three games as the Mavericks lost the Finals series, 4–2, to the Heat. The German was criticized by ESPN as \\\"clearly ... not as his best this series\\\" and remarked: \\\"That was a tough loss (in Game 3) and that really changed the whole momentum of the series. ... After that, they got confidence. They played a lot better afterwards.\\\" The 2006–07 season was the year Nowitzki was named the league's Most Valuable Player. He shot a career-best 50.2% from the field, and recorded averages of 24.6 points, 8.9 rebounds, and 3.4 assists and led the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397338\",\n \"text\": \"Germany to a 70–62 win. In the semi-finals, his team played against the Argentinian squad led by Manu Ginóbili, but despite leading, 74–69, four minutes from the end and despite Argentina losing Ginobili to a foot injury, the South Americans won, 86–80. However, the Germans won 117–94 against New Zealand in the consolation finals and won bronze, and Nowitzki, as the tournament's top scorer, (24.0 points per game), was elected the tournament MVP. Back in Germany, over 4 million television viewers followed the games, an all-time record in German basketball history. The EuroBasket 2003 proved to be a major disappointment\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397347\",\n \"text\": \"Olajuwon, Bob Pettit, and Elgin Baylor have managed to do. In the most pressure packed games, such as playoff elimination games he averages 28.8 points, 11.8 rebounds. He has had 14 elimination games where he scored 30 or more points, which ties him with Jerry West for most all time. Of the top 100 elimination game performances in the last 20 years, Nowitzki has had the best performances in 8 of them, more than any other player in the NBA in that same time frame. His shooting accuracy combined with his long seven-foot frame and unique shooting mechanics, such as\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10964363\",\n \"text\": \"1998 NBA Draft. Shell-shocked by the culture shock, facing a longer season, more physical opponents, and a relatively foreign culture, he struggled in America, and even considered returning to Europe, until Nelson and Geschwindner talked him out of it. Becoming a regular player, a starter, and later an All-Star, the book presents the eventful playoff campaigns of the Mavericks until 2004. The book ends in the middle of the 2004-05 NBA season. The book mostly follows a chronological structure, and devotes inserts for many people close to Nowitzki, such as his parents Helga and Jörg-Werner Nowitzki, who are both retired\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki: German Wunderkind\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397348\",\n \"text\": \"having a release point above his head, makes contesting his jump shots very difficult. Before the start of the 2011 NBA Finals, LeBron James called Nowitzki's one-legged fadeaway the second most unstoppable move ever, only behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's skyhook. Additionally, Nowitzki can put the ball down and drive with it from the perimeter, like few have been able to do with his size. NBA.com lauds his versatility by stating: \\\"The 7–0 forward who at times mans the pivot can strike fear in an opponent when he corrals a rebound and leads the break or prepares to launch a three-point bomb.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397276\",\n \"text\": \"points per game and led DJK again to second place after the regular season, but could not help his team gain promotion. In the following 1997–98 Second Bundesliga season, Nowitzki finished his \\\"Abitur\\\" (German A-levels), but had to do compulsory military service in the Bundeswehr which lasted from September 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998; The 18-year-old, who had grown to tall, made progress, leading DJK to a 36:4 point total (in Germany, a victory gives 2:0 points and a loss 0:2) and ending as leading scorer with 28.2 points per game. In the promotion playoffs, DJK finally broke its\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397327\",\n \"text\": \"a 118–108 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. He also grabbed a team-high 11 rebounds and passed former teammate Shawn Marion for 15th on the all-time career rebounding list. On December 12, in a loss to the Washington Wizards, he moved past Jason Richardson for 16th all-time in three-point shots made, finishing the game with 1,609 career three-pointers. On December 23, Nowitzki moved past Shaquille O'Neal into sixth place on the NBA's career scoring list, then made the go-ahead basket with 19.2 seconds left in overtime to help the Mavericks defeat the Brooklyn Nets, 119–118. On January 12, in an\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397304\",\n \"text\": \"Mavericks to a franchise-high 67 wins, which meant Dallas earned the first seed of the 2007 NBA Playoffs. He averaged 50% from the field, 40% for three pointers, and 90% from the free throw line becoming, at the time, only the fourth player in NBA history to join the 50–40–90 club. Nowitzki was touted as the overwhelming favorite for the Most Valuable Player award, and was expected to lead the Mavericks to an easy win against the eighth-seed Golden State Warriors, despite the Warriors having won all three regular-season meetings against Dallas. However, the Mavericks ended up losing to the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397283\",\n \"text\": \"slang. He only averaged 8.2 points and 3.4 rebounds in 20.4 minutes of playing time. Looking back, Nowitzki said: \\\"I was so frustrated I even contemplated going back to Germany. ... [the jump from Second Bundesliga to the NBA] was like jumping out of an airplane hoping the parachute would somehow open.\\\" The Mavericks only won 19 of their 50 games and missed the playoffs. On January 4, 2000, team owner Ross Perot, Jr. sold the Mavericks to Internet billionaire Mark Cuban for $280 million. Cuban quickly invested into the Mavericks and restructured the franchise, attending every game at the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397326\",\n \"text\": \"for seventh place on the NBA's all-time scoring list on January 5, 2015 in a 96–88 overtime win over the Brooklyn Nets. He recorded his 10,000th career rebound on March 24 against the San Antonio Spurs, and scored his 28,000th career point on April 1 against the Oklahoma City Thunder. The Mavericks finished the regular season as the No. 7 seed in the Western Conference with a record of 50–32. They faced the Houston Rockets in the first round of the playoffs and lost the series in five games. On November 11, 2015, Nowitzki scored a season-high 31 points in\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397312\",\n \"text\": \"lose in the first round to Portland, and after blowing a 23-point fourth-quarter lead in Game 4 to even the series at 2–2, the Mavericks appeared ready for another postseason collapse. However, Dallas won the final two games to advance. They then swept the two-time defending champion Lakers in the semifinals in Phil Jackson's final year as an NBA coach. In the Conference Finals, they faced the Oklahoma City Thunder and their All-NBA duo of Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook. In Game 1, Nowitzki scored 48 points while shooting 12/15 from the field while setting an NBA record of 24\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397309\",\n \"text\": \"points, 11.6 rebounds, and 4 assists in the series. The Mavericks finished the 2009–10 NBA season as the second seed for the 2010 NBA Playoffs—it was their 10th consecutive season with at least 50 regular season wins. Notable additions to the squad were multiple All-Stars Shawn Marion and Caron Butler, with the latter coming in the second half of the season. On January 13, 2010, Nowitzki became the 34th player in NBA history—and the first European—to hit the 20,000-point milestone, while ending the regular season with averages of 25 points, 7.7 rebounds, 2.7 assists, and 1 block. He was selected\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397350\",\n \"text\": \"or make an easy close-range basket, the rest of the team becomes more offensively potent with the defense having to be spread across the floor. Often, this creates mismatches that his teammates can exploit. The Mavericks system and international play exposed him to an open passing game, making him dangerous as a point forward and post playmaker as well. Nowitzki averages just over one block per game and never made an All-Defense Team. However, playing more around the perimeter took him out of position where a typical power forward would be detracted from his overall defensive stats. Despite rarely blocking\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397318\",\n \"text\": \"by a Dallas player in franchise history. The 21 points in the fourth quarter also represented Nowitzki's third-highest scoring quarter of his career. Carrying the load of the Mavericks, Nowitzki led his team in scoring 45 times. On March 30, he led the Mavs down from 15 points, including a game winner, against the Magic. Nowitzki's streak of 11 seasons with 1,500 points came to an end after scoring 1,342 in the shortened NBA season. The Mavs clinched the seventh spot in the West, and were matched against the Oklahoma City Thunder in the 2012 NBA Playoffs. The Thunder swept\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2397313\",\n \"text\": \"consecutive free throws made in a game as well as most free throws in a game without a miss. In Game 4, with Dallas up, 2–1, Nowitzki scored 40 points to rally his team from a 99–84 deficit in the fourth quarter with 5 minutes left and eventually win, 112–105, in OT to take a 3–1 series lead. Dallas overcame another fourth-quarter deficit in Game 5 to win the Western Conference Title. In the 2011 NBA Finals, Dallas once again faced the Heat, which had acquired All-Stars LeBron James and Chris Bosh before the season began. During the Game 1\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5874524\",\n \"text\": \"players gate. A piece of the gate broke off and injured a bystander. Wellham apologised for the incident. Wellham previously served as Deputy Principal (Academic) at Anglican Church Grammar School. He has been appointed as Principal of Caloundra City Private School, commencing 2013. He received a PhD from Deakin University in 2009. Dirk Wellham Dirk MacDonald Wellham (born 13 March 1959) is a former Australian cricketer who played in 6 Tests and 17 ODIs from 1981 to 1987. Dirk Wellham is one of three players to score a century in both his first class and Test debuts. He was the\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Wellham\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18010220\",\n \"text\": \"In 2015, Porziņģis was named the Latvian Rising Star of the Year. In 2017, Porziņģis played for Latvia at EuroBasket 2017, where he averaged 23.6 points and 5.9 rebounds assists per game. Latvia was eliminated in the quarterfinals by Slovenia, losing 103–97. Porziņģis has been compared to Dirk Nowitzki, with the pair having both been groomed in Europe before entering the NBA. Both Porziņģis and Nowitzki are seven-foot-plus players who are comfortable anywhere on the front line and can both shoot from the outside. During his rookie season, Kevin Durant dubbed Porziņģis a basketball \\\"unicorn\\\" because of his rare combination\",\n \"title\": \"Kristaps Porziņģis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4653740\",\n \"text\": \"his homeland and the developing world. One of the ways the foundation raises money is by selling DK-branded clothes. Kuyt's father, also named Dirk, died of cancer on 29 June 2007. \\\"* Other – Play-off games Dirk Kuyt Dirk Kuyt (Dutch: Dirk Kuijt; ; born 22 July 1980) is a Dutch former professional footballer who last played for Quick Boys. Originally starting out as a striker, he played much of his career as a winger. Kuyt began his professional career with Utrecht in 1998 and quickly became part of its first team. He spent five years at the club, and\",\n \"title\": \"Dirk Kuyt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15964190\",\n \"text\": \"she was coached by Brendan Keogh. In 2000, she was awarded the Australian Sports Medal and in 2013 she was recognised at the Dickson Citizen of the Year. In 2012 Nowitzki released her autobiography 'No Ordinary Girl' to reduce the stigma of dopa-responsive dystonia and mental illness. Personal website Tamara Nowitzki Tamara Leigh Nowitzki (born 22 May 1976) is a Paralympic swimming competitor from Australia and a silver medalist at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.. She was born in Brisbane. At the age of 13 months she was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Nowitzki attended Ferny Grove High School. She was diagnosed\",\n \"title\": \"Tamara Nowitzki\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15964189\",\n \"text\": \"Tamara Nowitzki Tamara Leigh Nowitzki (born 22 May 1976) is a Paralympic swimming competitor from Australia and a silver medalist at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.. She was born in Brisbane. At the age of 13 months she was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Nowitzki attended Ferny Grove High School. She was diagnosed with Dopa-responsive dystonia when she was 25 years old. At the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics, she finished fifth in the Women's 100 m Breaststroke SB7. Nowitzki went on to win a silver medal at the 2000 Sydney Games in the Women's 100 m Breaststroke SB7 event. At the 2000 Paralympics\",\n \"title\": \"Tamara Nowitzki\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["dallas mavericks"],"string":"[\n \"dallas mavericks\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1191,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the currency in the dominican republic called?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"105707","text":"China 13.9%, Mexico 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2017) Debt - external: $29.69 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $76.99 million (2005) Currency: Dominican peso Exchange rates: Dominican pesos per US dollar - 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (2004), 30.831 (2003) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has the ninth largest economy in Latin America, and is the largest in the Caribbean and Central region. It is an upper middle-income developing country primarily dependent on mining, agriculture, trade, and services. Although the service sector has recently overtaken agriculture as the leading","title":"Economy of the Dominican Republic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105707\",\n \"text\": \"China 13.9%, Mexico 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2017) Debt - external: $29.69 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $76.99 million (2005) Currency: Dominican peso Exchange rates: Dominican pesos per US dollar - 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (2004), 30.831 (2003) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has the ninth largest economy in Latin America, and is the largest in the Caribbean and Central region. It is an upper middle-income developing country primarily dependent on mining, agriculture, trade, and services. Although the service sector has recently overtaken agriculture as the leading\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the Dominican Republic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"13066740","text":"\"Sugarball,\" \"Nothing typifies the new direction of Dominican baseball as much as the baseball academy, an institution rooted in the increased presence and benevolent paternalism of North American baseball interests in the country.\" The first baseball academy in the Dominican Republic was built in 1977 by Ralph Avila. In his description of baseball academies in the Dominican Republic, Alan Klein wrote \"What the academy does in working with the Dominican players goes beyond teaching baseball skills. They teach career preparation, socialization and how to cope with the cultural changes they will face in the United States.\" Campo Las Palmas is","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"10277881","text":"Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly declined. There were 1,198 murders in 2017, a rate of 14.9 per 100,000. The Dominican Republic has become a trans-shipment point for Colombian drugs destined to Europe as well as the United States and Canada. Money laundering via the Dominican Republic is favored by Colombian drug cartels for","title":"Crime in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105540","text":"History of the Dominican Republic The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa-born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Quisqueya (Kiskeya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (\"the Spanish Island\"), later Latinized to Hispaniola. What would become the Dominican Republic was the Spanish Captaincy General of Santo Domingo","title":"History of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066734","text":"Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic society. Baseball is the most popular sport on the island and Major League Baseball has been recruiting players from the Dominican Republic since the 1960s. Association football is the second sport of the country. Baseball is the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic today. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"16415457","text":"Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low by Caribbean standards, with an estimated 62,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans. In contrast neighboring Haiti has an HIV/AIDS rate more than double that of the Dominican Republic. A mission based","title":"Health in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371310","text":"Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional rights as men in the economic, political, cultural and social fields, as well as in the family. Their character has been defined by their history, culture, tradition and experience. Constitutionally, the modern-day women of the Dominican Republic are equal to men in terms of rights and property ownership. Culturally, the women of the Dominican Republic have an attitude that is known as \"machista\" behavior, where women understood and to a certain degree accepted the \"machismo\" nature of Dominican Republic men. By tradition, Dominican Republic women are expected","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049672","text":"Paez and Ramón Ceballos, the administrative and eligibility directors of the Dominican Basketball Federation (FEDOMBAL), there is no record of participation of Dominican basketball players of Haitian descent. Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"16415459","text":"pay for medical supplies. Government expenditure on healthcare is about $180 per person per year, slightly more than half the average for the Latin American and Caribbean region. Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low","title":"Health in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066738","text":"and soon after teams from the MLB began sending scouts to watch Dominican Republic players play. Between 1955 and 1980 there were 49 players from the Dominican Republic who played in the MLB. However, in the 1980s hundreds of players started coming to the United States as there became \"working relationships between North American and Dominican teams.\" The first great pitcher from the Dominican Republic who starred in the United States was Juan Marichal who is nicknamed the \"Dominican Dandy\". He began his playing career in the MLB in 1960 after he was signed from the Dominican Republic by the","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"10277884","text":"During that time, abductors would contact family members and demand huge sums of money for the release of their loved ones. Most families paid the amount, and the victims were released unharmed. High crime areas in the capital include Arroyo Hondo, Naco, Gazcue, Cristo Rey and Villa Agricola.Pantoja Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly","title":"Crime in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"4494117","text":"the Armed Forces and National Police, and ban all people who have lost or have suspended his citizen rights, like convicted criminals or accused of treason from voting for a fixed period of time or indefinitely. The number of Dominican adults who will be eligible to vote in 2016 elections are projected to be 7.2 million. Different to what happen in others countries, voter registration in Dominican Republic is automatic and based on a database of the Civil Registry in charge of the JCE and resident foreigners possessing a (Cédula de Identidad y Electoral) \"Identity and Electoral Document\" (The Dominican","title":"Elections in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049658","text":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and consisted of peasants who crossed the border to the Dominican Republic because of the land scarcity in Haiti; in 1874 the Haitian military occupied La Miel valley and","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371312","text":"for women to find jobs, where they are paid less. Many women from the Dominican Republic migrated to New York City in the United States in order to escape from the \"male-dominate culture\" of Dominican Republic society. One notable example of literature depicting the struggles of women in the Dominican Republic and their yearning for better life through education is Julia Alvarez's historical novel titled \"In the Time of the Butterflies\", whose heroine Minerva Mirabal lived in the Dominican Republic during the reign of Rafael Trujillo. In 1931, the Dominican Feminist Action, led by Abigail Mejia, hosted the First Feminist","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18667242","text":"Tourism in the Dominican Republic Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an industry that generates over 6 million arrivals each year. It is an important source of revenue in the country, particularly in coastal areas. The Dominican Republic is the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean region, and ranks top 5 overall in the Americas. Its tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape, and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world. As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, Pico Duarte, as well","title":"Tourism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"15312158","text":"Football in the Dominican Republic The sport of football in the country of the Dominican Republic is run by the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Liga Dominicana de Fútbol. In the Dominican Republic, baseball is the most popular sport, followed by basketball or association football, depending on the area in the Dominican Republic. Football is considered to be in constant growth since 2012. This sport was usually played from middle to high-class high school students, specially in urban areas like Santo Domingo, Santiago, Puerto Plata, Moca and Jarabacoa, however, in","title":"Football in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11232872","text":"women are paid a premium because of their lighter skin. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks the Dominican Republic as a 'Tier 2' country. Prostitution in the Dominican Republic Prostitution in the Dominican Republic is legal, but related activities such as brothel-keeping or pimping are illegal. However, prostitution laws are generally not enforced. It is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 women work as prostitutes in the country, many from neighbouring Haiti. The Dominican Republic has gained a reputation of being a major destination for international sex tourism, although the activity is","title":"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122670","text":"Ministry of Education (MINERD). Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122639","text":"Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank below many other countries.","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371316","text":"the reason is that most women tend to wear skirts instead of Jean either because of religious beliefs or do to culture. Women in the Dominican Republic have an average life expectancy of 72 years. Women who live in the rural areas of the Dominican Republic usually engage themselves in the manufacture of \"macramé\" hammocks, bags, baskets, products of palm weaving, and the creation of jewelry using coral, seashells, amber, and the semiprecious ocean-blue gemstone known as larimar (a gemstone that is native only in the country). Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122662","text":"education program in the Dominican Republic. This program was focused on training parents on how to support the development of their children and focused on health, safety, and behavioral topics. The researchers trained local workers at a hospital to teach the program and adapted the curriculum that was used in Canada to be more relevant towards topics in the Dominican Republic. Educational opportunity in the Dominican Republic is important not only for increasing social status but also for health outcomes. De Tavarez and Andrade discuss how higher educational attainment in the Dominican Republic is negatively associated with the use of","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066750","text":"\"Madden NFL 08\". Rugby union is a minor sport, but there is a Dominican Republic side, which has played at least one international. Other sports include combat sports of judo, and professional wrestlers Arcadio Brito, Jack Veneno and Bronco # 1. In 2014, Victor Estrella became the nation's first top 100 tennis player. Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"7221734","text":"Islam in the Dominican Republic Statistics for Islam in the Dominican Republic estimate that 0.03 percent of the population (3,000 individuals) are Muslim, but accurate statistics of religious affiliation are difficult to calculate and there is a wide variation concerning the actual numerical amount. Although the majority of the population is Roman Catholic, Muslims have formed local organizations such as the \"Círculo Islámico de República Dominicana\" (The Islamic Circle of Dominican Republic) and the Islamic Center of the Dominican Republic (located in Miami). Currently, the Círculo Islámico estimates that Muslims number over 3,000 (most recent statistics), including of a good","title":"Islam in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105721","text":"for sugar mills): Major ports and harbours in the Dominican Republic: The following six local ports are a single pier with berth facility: A local ferry service runs daily between the Samaná and Sabana del Mar ports. Boaters and sailors who wish to dock in any of DR's ports must follow certain entry requirements: There are 7 major and 31 minor airports in the DR (2009): There are direct flights to and from Dominican Republic From United States, Cuba, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Europe and the Caribbean. Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is","title":"Transport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105717","text":"Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is composed of a system of roads, airports, ports, harbours and an urban railway: There are five main highways (DR-1, DR-2, DR-3, DR-4, DR-5) they are in good condition in the Dominican Republic connecting its biggest cities and tourist centers. There are nearly of highways and roads, 9,872 being paved and (2002 est.) unpaved. Like any underdeveloped nation, the Dominican Republic suffers from lack of good paved roads to connect smaller towns and less populated areas though they are working on it, however major town roads are kept in good","title":"Transport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11343570","text":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the Vice President shall be elected along with the President. Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional Vice Presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting Vice Presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana. After","title":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371311","text":"to be submissive housewives, whose role in the household include child bearing and rearing, taking care of and supporting their husbands, cooking meals, cleaning the house, and sewing. Women in the Dominican Republic are not commonly the breadwinners for their households. Dominican Republic women are a significantly smaller portion of the workforce in a country that is currently the 4th largest location of free trade zones in the world. The average salary of a working woman in the Dominican Republic in 1990 was at US$59.00 but the unemployment rate of Dominican women is 23%. In rural areas, it was easier","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"19169257","text":"73.5% of females reported having consumed alcohol sometime in the prior three months. Although the legal drinking age is eighteen, many young adults begin consuming before that. Youth in the Dominican Republic Youth in the Dominican Republic constitutes just over 30% of the total population. The Dominican Republic's population at roughly eleven million people has grown tremendously with the help of the youth population. In 1960, the youth population was at 3.3 million, and by 2008, it had reached 9.5 million, with two thirds of them in urban areas of the country. The Dominican Republic is considered a middle-income country,","title":"Youth in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"19169241","text":"Youth in the Dominican Republic Youth in the Dominican Republic constitutes just over 30% of the total population. The Dominican Republic's population at roughly eleven million people has grown tremendously with the help of the youth population. In 1960, the youth population was at 3.3 million, and by 2008, it had reached 9.5 million, with two thirds of them in urban areas of the country. The Dominican Republic is considered a middle-income country, and thrives economically through tourism and telecommunications. Tourism is the single best revenue earner and over 25,000 youth are employed in this sector. Although tourism generates large","title":"Youth in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"15413685","text":"Carnival in the Dominican Republic The Carnival in the Dominican Republic is a Dominican celebration that takes place throughout February; although some Dominicans (rarely) celebrate it during Holy Week in March. Dominicans are usually most festive on February 27th, which is the Dominican Independence Day. In Santo Domingo, celebrations include a large military display with the Dominican air force, navy, and army. Festivities often include the wearing of colorful costumes that symbolize Dominican religious and traditional characters such as \"Calife\", \"Guloya\", and \"Diablo Cojuelo\". Festivities take place all over the island, with each town adding its own twist to the","title":"Carnival in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"4494113","text":"Elections in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a unitary state with elected officials at the national and local levels. On a national level, head of state, the President, is elected directly by the people. All members of a national legislature, The Congress of the Republic (\"Congreso de la República\") divided in two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. There are also elected offices at the local level (municipalities or cities and municipal districts). It is estimated that across the whole country, over four thousand offices are filled in every electoral cycle. The Dominican Republic has a","title":"Elections in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2901463","text":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of the population), in 11 territorial dioceses and one military ordinariate, served by 800 priests. Within the Dominican Republic the hierarchy consists of: The Dominican Republic offers religious freedom, but the Catholic Church still enjoys certain favors, in particular due to a 1954 concordat with","title":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049667","text":"aid. Human Rights Watch estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic. Before 2010, the Constitution of the Dominican Republic generally granted citizenship to anyone born in the country, except children of diplomats and persons \"in transit\". The 2010 constitution was amended to define all undocumented residents as \"in transit\". On September 23, 2013, the Dominican Republic Constitutional Court issued a ruling that retroactively applied this definition to 1929, the year Haiti and the Dominican Republic formalized the border. The decision stripped Dominican citizenship from about 210,000 people who were born in the","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066736","text":"called \"Licey\" emerged and it would become one of the finest sporting institutions in the Dominican Republic. With the arrival of \"Licey\" in 1907 thousands of people showed up for their games with the other self-organized teams in the country. They became great entertainment for citizens from all economic backgrounds. In 1912, \"Nuevo Club\" won the first baseball championship in Santo Domingo. Between the years of 1907-1920, the sport of baseball was played in the Dominican Republic for fun and the players played for \"the love of the game.\" However, in 1921 the teams began to collect money from spectators","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18667260","text":"to board ships and whale watch. This is a large source of income to a town that otherwise would have an economy mainly driven by fishing. San Cristóbal Tourism in the Dominican Republic Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an industry that generates over 6 million arrivals each year. It is an important source of revenue in the country, particularly in coastal areas. The Dominican Republic is the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean region, and ranks top 5 overall in the Americas. Its tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape, and colonial history attracts visitors from around","title":"Tourism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12436591","text":"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total (behind Haiti), with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013 (the Dominican Republic is the second most populated Caribbean nation). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that some urban areas of the Dominican Republic have HIV/AIDS infection rates well in excess of 10%. In some parts of the Dominican Republic, HIV/AIDS has become one of the leading cause of death","title":"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11232868","text":"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic Prostitution in the Dominican Republic is legal, but related activities such as brothel-keeping or pimping are illegal. However, prostitution laws are generally not enforced. It is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 women work as prostitutes in the country, many from neighbouring Haiti. The Dominican Republic has gained a reputation of being a major destination for international sex tourism, although the activity is mostly concentrated in poor coastal towns of the country (especially Las Terrenas, Cabarete, Sosua, and Boca Chica), where women have less economic opportunities than in larger towns and cities. Haitian immigrants also take","title":"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105710","text":"Dominican Republic there are 46 in VHF and UHF channels free-to-air channels. The programming on the free of charge channels consists mainly of locally produced entertainment shows, news, and comedy shows; and foreign sitcoms, soap operas, movies, cartoons, and sports programs. The main service provider in the Dominican Republic is Tricom. Aster is concentrated in Santo Domingo, but is expanding its service throughout the Dominican Republic. There are new companies using new technologies that are expanding quickly such as Claro TV (IPTV and Satellite TV), Wind Telecom (MMDS) and SKY (Satellite TV). On election day in May 2012 government broadcast","title":"Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"15413688","text":"and its main character is the \"Diablo Cojuelo\" (Limping Devil). While there are many characters in the various versions of the carnival across the island, there are several prominent ones featured in most celebrations: There are many ways in which the carnival is celebrated, although most celebrations have several similarities: Carnival in the Dominican Republic The Carnival in the Dominican Republic is a Dominican celebration that takes place throughout February; although some Dominicans (rarely) celebrate it during Holy Week in March. Dominicans are usually most festive on February 27th, which is the Dominican Independence Day. In Santo Domingo, celebrations include","title":"Carnival in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11535127","text":"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in the United States including Evangelical groups like the","title":"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11535129","text":"not seen as Protestant denomination by mainstream Christianity. Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in","title":"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049668","text":"Dominican Republic after 1929 but are descended from undocumented immigrants from Haiti. Many of the Dominican Republic-born do not have Haitian citizenship and have never been to Haiti; the decision rendered them at least temporarily stateless. Some Haitians began leaving voluntarily or in response to ethnic violence. The government set a deadline of June 17, 2015 for affected people to leave the Dominican Republic, as nighttime \"bandits\" threatened Haitians with violence and deportation; by August 2015 \"hundreds\" had been deported. Almost 75% of the Haitians living in the Dominican Republic have been residing in the country for less than 10","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18818295","text":"Coffee production in the Dominican Republic Coffee production in the Dominican Republic is based mainly in the mountain regions of the country, in the highlands which form at least one-half of the area of Hispaniola. Introduced to the country in 1715, the Dominican Republic bean is larger and thicker than Martinique's. The major coffee variety grown in the country is \"Arabica\" (known internationally as “mild”). \"Robusta\" is also grown but only in about 1.3% of the land area; it is consumed locally. Coffee was first introduced in the Dominican Republic in 1715 and has been the principal crop of the","title":"Coffee production in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122644","text":"6 years of age. There are three cycles of the pre-primary stage. The first cycle is for children ages 0–2 years old, the second cycle is for children 2–4 years old, and the third cycle is for children 4–6 years old. The Dominican Republic provides the last year of pre-primary education for families and this year is considered compulsory. The earlier years are not paid for by the Dominican Republic and are thus not compulsory. The Primary school stage of the Dominican Republic education system is eight years long and is designated for children ages 6–14. Primary education is compulsory","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13812318","text":"Abortion in the Dominican Republic Abortion in the Dominican Republic is completely illegal. The Dominican Republic is one of the few countries of the world which have a complete ban on abortion, without an exception for saving maternal life. Abortion has been constitutionally prohibited since September 18, 2009, when a constitutional amendment declaring the right to life as \"inviolable from conception until death\" was approved in Congress by a majority vote of 128 to 34. Up until October 2012, women could come forward for treatment without fear of being arrested. Dr. Milton Cordero has been working since 1980 in the","title":"Abortion in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13812330","text":"medicine if they treated her. It took 10 weeks of debate before lawmakers decided that it would not be illegal for Esperancita to receive treatment to save her life. Dr. Antonio Cabrera reported that Esperancita had died on August 17, 2012, shortly after suffering a miscarriage followed by cardiac arrest. She was 13 weeks pregnant at the time of her miscarriage. Abortion in the Dominican Republic Abortion in the Dominican Republic is completely illegal. The Dominican Republic is one of the few countries of the world which have a complete ban on abortion, without an exception for saving maternal life.","title":"Abortion in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"1820491","text":"are beatboxing, hip hop fashion, and hip hop slang. All these elements have been carried on into the Dominican Republic since the mid 80s by young immigrants who returned to their mother land, usually from Puerto Rico, New York, Boston and Florida. Dominican hip hop started to gain national popularity in the years 2006 and 2007. Reggaeton came to the Dominican Republic from Puerto Rico in the 90's. Dominican reggaeton is called by its original name \"dem-bow\". Dominican \"dem-bow\" uses old reggae and reggaeton beats from mainly Jamaica, Panama, and Puerto Rico. The \"dem-bow\" is utiliz making the \"dem-dow\" rhythm","title":"Music of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20526461","text":"Dominican Republic–Spain relations Dominican Republic–Spain relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and the Organization of Ibero-American States. The first Europeans to arrive to what is now present day Dominican Republic was in December 1492 when explorer Christopher Columbus arrived to the island of Hispaniola. In 1493, Columbus built one of the first European settlements in the Americas and called it \"La Isabela\", named after Spanish Queen Isabella I of Castile. Soon after Columbus's arrival to Hispaniola, most of the native Taíno","title":"Dominican Republic–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"17879946","text":"rate of that in the United States. Homosexuality in the Dominican Republic was decriminalized in 1822. LGBT history in the Dominican Republic The act of public displays of homosexuality is illegal in the Dominican Republic. Sexual encounters that occur in private between two adults is legal. If acts are made public, one could be subject to face up to two years in prison. Although homosexuality was decriminalized, LGBT Dominicans still endure discrimination and violence due to their sexual orientation and/or sexuality identity. Members of the LGBT Community in the Dominican Republic are victims of hate crimes, extortion by the police,","title":"LGBT history in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"8268381","text":"others residing in Sosúa, which was founded by Jews after President Rafael Trujillo offered to accept up to 100,000 Jewish refugees in 1938. Both locations have synagogues. Religion in the Dominican Republic The many kinds of religion in the Dominican Republic have been growing and changing. Historically, Catholicism dominated the religious practices of the small country. In modern times Protestant and non-Christian groups, like Jews, have experienced a population boom. The most professed denomination by far is Roman Catholicism. Morgan Foley was the leader of Protestantism for women in the 1800s. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic","title":"Religion in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"8268371","text":"Religion in the Dominican Republic The many kinds of religion in the Dominican Republic have been growing and changing. Historically, Catholicism dominated the religious practices of the small country. In modern times Protestant and non-Christian groups, like Jews, have experienced a population boom. The most professed denomination by far is Roman Catholicism. Morgan Foley was the leader of Protestantism for women in the 1800s. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established","title":"Religion in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371315","text":"give importance to personal appearance, neatness and cleanliness. In the rural areas, Dominican Republic women may wear dresses and skirts; while in urban locations, Dominican Republic women may prefer to wear short skirts and jeans. The clothing in both areas may be made up of bright coloration and shiny fabrics. Older or prominent women are often addressed as Doña followed by their surnames as a form of respect. Female greetings may involve women kissing each other on the cheek. In relation to riding motorcycles, it is common for Dominican Republic women to sidesaddle while on the backs of such vehicles;","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066749","text":"taekwondo practitioner Gabriel Mercedes won golden and silver medals respectively. The Dominican Republic Olympic Committee (DROC) is represented by its president Mr. Luis Mejía Oviedo. The Dominican Republic hosted the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo. The United States finished with the most medals. The games featured 338 events in 35 sports. Dominican Republic hosted two Central American and Caribbean Games, the editions of 1974 at Santo Domingo, and the 1986 at lshit. Luis Castillo, defensive end played in the National Football League for the San Diego Chargers. Castillo was the cover athlete for the Spanish language version of","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11535128","text":"Assemblies of God, the Evangelical Church of the Dominican Republic (a united Methodist-Presbyterian church), and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. These groups dominated the Protestant movement in the earlier part of the 20th century, but in the 1960s and 1970s Pentecostal churches saw the most growth. Protestant denominations active in the Dominican Republic now include: Missionaries, Episcopalians, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, and Mennonites, also travel to the island. Jehovah's Witnesses, specifically, have been known to be migrating (more so during the last decade) to the Dominican Republic where they feel there is a \"great need\" for evangelizing their faith. However they are","title":"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20881626","text":"Racism in the Dominican Republic Racism in the Dominican Republic exists due to the after-effects of slavery and the African Diaspora. Today, many Dominicans have African ancestry, as most African slaves were transported to South America and the Caribbean islands. Due to the influence of European colonization and European propagation of Africans or \"dark-people\" as lesser, being of African ancestry is often not desired or acknowledged in the Dominican Republic. Approximately 90% of Dominicans have some extent of African descent, however, few people self-identify as being black. According to Gates, only 4.13% of Dominicans identified themselves as black while the","title":"Racism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066735","text":"the second-highest number of baseball players in Major League Baseball (MLB). Although the sport was first seen in Latin America in Cuba, baseball began to flourish in the Dominican Republic when the United States Marine Corps occupied the island from 1916-1924. The first players of the game in the Dominican Republic were the upper-class Dominican boys who studied in the United States and played the game of baseball when they returned to the Dominican Republic. In the early 1900s, there were two baseball clubs named \"Nuevo Club\" and \"Ozama\" that were head and shoulders above the competition. However, a group","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13547163","text":"Rugby union in the Dominican Republic Rugby union in the Dominican Republic is a minor, but growing sport. The governing body is the Dominican Rugby Federation, known as Fedorugby. It is affiliated to NACRA, the regional governing body for rugby within North America and the Caribbean. Fedorugby is not currently a member of World Rugby. Rugby was introduced to the Dominican Republic by French diplomat Jean-Paul Bossuge, vice consul at the time, in 1972. Jean Paul Rugby Club is named after him. Rugby began to grow in the seventies, but went into decline in the early 1990s. As in many","title":"Rugby union in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13324450","text":"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) country code, 1, followed by the area code in the same form as an internal area code in other NANP countries, such as the US and Canada. When in the Dominican Republic, the 3-digit area code followed by the 7-digit phone number must be dialed. When calling the Dominican Republic from the United States or Canada, this must be prefixed by the digit \"1\". From","title":"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12436601","text":"vulnerable groups, including female sex workers, MSM, and migrants. With Global Fund support, the government also intends to scale up ART. HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total (behind Haiti), with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013 (the Dominican Republic is the second most populated Caribbean nation). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that some urban areas of the Dominican Republic have HIV/AIDS infection rates well","title":"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"16683546","text":"ecclesiastical court. The CED is a member of the Latin American Episcopal Conference. List of Presidents of the Bishops' Conference: Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic The Conference of the Dominican Episcopate (Spanish: \"Conferencia del Episcopado Dominicano\", CED) is the body of the Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic. In 1954 arose the first Episcopal National Commission of the Dominican Republic, which is now officially called with the current name since September 22, 1962, when the Holy See approved its statutes. The first plenary meeting of the CED met in 1963, and the episcopal commissions were created in 1966. The","title":"Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"9336322","text":"Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic There are various Highways and Routes in the Dominican Republic. They are listed here. The Dominican Republic is classified as a middle-income country by the World Bank. In the last 10 years the government of the Dominican Republic has put increased effort in renovating and improving the nationwide road infrastructure to improve connections of the interior of the country to Santo Domingo. This has successfully improved the quality of the main eight highways of the Dominican Republic. Expansion, widening, tunnels, and elevated viaduct have all been methods used by the Dominican authorities to","title":"Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066739","text":"San Francisco Giants. The first great hitter from the Dominican Republic was Felipe Alou who hit 206 career home runs. Free agency in the MLB, which began in 1976, and the rise of baseball academies in the Dominican Republic have changed Dominican Baseball. For years, owners of traditional Dominican teams have been underpaying their players, however since the salary of Major League Baseball players has gone up dramatically players who once played in the Dominican Winter Baseball League are no longer playing and instead, trying to sign contracts with teams from the MLB. Historian Alan Klein wrote in his book","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"16683545","text":"Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic The Conference of the Dominican Episcopate (Spanish: \"Conferencia del Episcopado Dominicano\", CED) is the body of the Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic. In 1954 arose the first Episcopal National Commission of the Dominican Republic, which is now officially called with the current name since September 22, 1962, when the Holy See approved its statutes. The first plenary meeting of the CED met in 1963, and the episcopal commissions were created in 1966. The main bodies that make up are: the Plenary Assembly, the Permanent Council, its Secretary General, 16 committee and a national","title":"Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"19169251","text":"scarcity of resources may push young people into unsustainable and dangerous survival activities often creating violent neighborhoods. In Latin America and the Caribbean, it is estimated that over 50% of the population between 12–24 years is at-risk in participating in illegal and dangerous activities. Youth in the Dominican Republic can find a sense of social support in gangs. Many youth experiencing poverty can be excluded by the wider Dominican society, and gangs are sometimes the only option of acceptance. In the 2012 Latin American Public Opinion Project survey, the Dominican Republic was ranked first of all the Latin American countries,","title":"Youth in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122642","text":"showing higher levels of completion for both primary as well as secondary schools. A report by the United States Agency for International Development, ranks the Dominican Republic 143rd in quality of primary education and 137th in quality of the education system. This ranking is out of 144 countries worldwide. In 1980, the percent of the Dominican Republic's GDP that went towards education was 2%. This value dropped to 0.88% in 1990. The education spending has since gone back up to around 4% of the GDP. The Dominican Republic Education System is governed by four government organizations: the State Secretariat for","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122653","text":"be willing to stand up for others. A study by Mihir and Manas compared four countries in Central America on three indices concerning teachers and teacher quality. Of these four countries, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic, the Dominican Republic in general had higher ratings for their teachers, however, the article notes that there is much work that is needed to be done. The first index that was measured was whether the teachers were prepared for effective teaching. The study found that there were standards set for teachers. However, the study notes that the teachers in the Dominican","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2595188","text":"II of Constitution of the Dominican Republic giving the following rights and obligations: \" 'in its status as head of state corresponding:' \" According to the Constitution of the Dominican Republic of 1966, in its modification of the year 2015 by the Congress, the President: President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \"Your Excellency,","title":"President of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"15708562","text":"Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic The Chinese community in the Dominican Republic forms one of the largest Chinese communities in Latin America. Although no official census has been made, there are estimates of approximately 50,000 people of Chinese origin living in the country. Chinese descendants living in the Dominican Republic may be referred as Chinese Dominicans. The first recorded mention of a Chinese presence in the Dominican Republic was in 1864 during the Dominican Restoration War, with references to a man named “Pancho el Chino,” who fought in the War. There are also reports that a businessman named Gregorio","title":"Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12135006","text":"Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic Japanese Dominicans are Dominican citizens of Japanese origin. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates the Japanese descended population in the country at roughly 800. , there were also 873 Japanese nationals in the Dominican Republic. These consist of both the settlers who have retained their Japanese citizenship, and more recent expatriate residents. The Dominican Republic has the largest Japanese population in the Caribbean and Central American region. Migration from Japan to the Dominican Republic did not begin until after World War II. With the end of the Allied occupation, Japan regained control over its","title":"Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096799","text":"are most prominent in food, family structure, religion, and music. Many Arawak/Taíno names and words are used in daily conversation and for many foods native to the Dominican Republic. Spanish is the predominant language in the Dominican Republic; the local dialect is called Dominican Spanish, it closely resembles Canarian Spanish, and borrowed vocabularies from the Arawak language. Schools are based on a Spanish educational model, with English and French being taught as secondary languages in both private and public schools. Haitian Creole is spoken by the population of Haitian descent. There is a community of about 8,000 speakers of Samaná","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12135013","text":"instead of the modern loanword for \"camera\". The \"Colegio Japones de Santo Domingo\" is a supplementary Japanese education program in Santo Domingo. Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic Japanese Dominicans are Dominican citizens of Japanese origin. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates the Japanese descended population in the country at roughly 800. , there were also 873 Japanese nationals in the Dominican Republic. These consist of both the settlers who have retained their Japanese citizenship, and more recent expatriate residents. The Dominican Republic has the largest Japanese population in the Caribbean and Central American region. Migration from Japan to the","title":"Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096779","text":"People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \"Dominican\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic was known as Santo Domingo, the name of its present","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096816","text":"has produced scores of world-class fighters and world champions. \"Notes\": People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \"Dominican\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"19169253","text":"at 50%, as some youth face different constraints to accessing education at this level. Around 55% of children and adolescents do not attend school because their right to enter the system is denied. This restricted access to education affects children who do not have documents, which includes children who were born in the country to undocumented Dominican parents and children of Haitian parents. Many Haitians migrate to the Dominican Republic increasing the youth population in the school systems. There was an increase of Haitians in the Dominican Republic after an earthquake struck the island in 2010, killing over 200,000 people.","title":"Youth in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066737","text":"and the championship game that year brought in over $7,000 and commercial pressures led to the sport becoming a semi-profession in the Dominican Republic. Rafael Trujillo became president of the Dominican Republic in 1930 and he helped baseball soar in popularity as the sport gained a political connection. By the end of the 1930s, many of the finest Negro League players from the United States and Cuban players played baseball in the summer in the Dominican Republic as they were paid a fortune in order to come play. Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066743","text":"participated in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, the inaugural tournament, in which they finished semi–finalists along with Korea. In the 2013 World Baseball Classic, the Dominican Republic became the first team to win the event undefeated. They beat Puerto Rico in the Championship game to win the 2013 World Baseball Classic. In 2017, The Dominican Republic participated in the World Baseball Classic and made it to the second round. However, a highlight from the 2017 World Baseball Classic was when the Dominican Republic played the United States and won 7 to 5 in front of a record 37,446 fans at","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049659","text":"Rancho Mateo. In 1899 the Haitian government claimed the center-west and the south-west of the Dominican Republic, including western Lake Enriquillo, as it estimated that Haitians had become the majority in that area. However, the arrival of Haitians to the rest of the country began after the United States occupation of Haiti and the Dominican Republic around 1916, when US-owned sugar companies imported, annually, thousands of Haitian workers to cut costs. The 1935 census revealed that several border towns were of Haitian majority; between 1920 and 1935 the Haitian population in the Dominican Republic doubled. In 1936, Haiti received several","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20881632","text":"to prevent Dominicans of Haitian descent from naturalizing or integrating into the society, especially politically. Despite this lack of representation, Haitians represent a large section of labor in the Dominican Republic and are subjected to slavery-like work conditions on sugar plantation. Racism in the Dominican Republic Racism in the Dominican Republic exists due to the after-effects of slavery and the African Diaspora. Today, many Dominicans have African ancestry, as most African slaves were transported to South America and the Caribbean islands. Due to the influence of European colonization and European propagation of Africans or \"dark-people\" as lesser, being of African","title":"Racism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"9336324","text":"an auxiliary route(DR-5) from the main routes to connect smaller sized cities to the main highway grid. The following is a table of the main highways of the republic. Like any developing nation, the Dominican Republic suffers from a lack of good paved routes to connect smaller towns and less populated areas. Some of them are in bad condition or are completely unpaved. Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic There are various Highways and Routes in the Dominican Republic. They are listed here. The Dominican Republic is classified as a middle-income country by the World Bank. In the last","title":"Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"4494123","text":"At the local level, cities government positions elections are held in a nationwide modallity every four years on the third Sunday of February in leap year, coinciding in a single Election Year with the presidential and congressional elections. Elections in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a unitary state with elected officials at the national and local levels. On a national level, head of state, the President, is elected directly by the people. All members of a national legislature, The Congress of the Republic (\"Congreso de la República\") divided in two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.","title":"Elections in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"825892","text":"Politics of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy, where the President of the Dominican Republic functions as both the head of the government and head of the multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral National Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. With the proclamation of the first constitution in the Dominican Republic on 6 November 1844 in the city of San Cristobal, the Dominican theory of sovereignty, 'independence politics', was formed. The Dominican Republic would remain for the most part republican and","title":"Politics of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"19826790","text":"National Council of the Magistracy (Dominican Republic) The National Council of the Magistracy (\"Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura-CNM,\" en español), is the Dominican constitutional body responsible for appointing judges of the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court and the Superior Electoral Court of the Dominican Republic. The NCM is also the organ called to conduct performance evaluations of judges of the Supreme Court. The NCM appears in Dominican Republic for the constitutional amendment of 1994, whose existence is recognized promotion and the late José Francisco Peña Gómez, top leader of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) as a result of the political","title":"National Council of the Magistracy (Dominican Republic)"},{"psg_id":"2595181","text":"President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \"Your Excellency, Mr. President\" during his time in office. His official residence is the National Palace. The article CXXVIII of the constitution instructs the president of the \"faithful execution of the Dominican Law\" and confers on him the rank of commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the National","title":"President of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13547164","text":"other countries, rugby had suffered from lack of Olympic recognition. There was a revival in 1997, and from 1997 to 2000 the Dominican Republic was represented in Trinidad and Tobago's Rugby Sevens Tournament. There are rugby clubs in Santo Domingo, San Cristóbal, and La Romana, as well as at San Pedro and Constanza. Rugby is also played in the universities. Santo Domingo has six main clubs: Lions RC, Red Dragons RC, Titanes RC, Pirañas del Caribe RC as well as the university clubs at UNPHU and UASD. Rugby union in the Dominican Republic Rugby union in the Dominican Republic is","title":"Rugby union in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"15530429","text":"Human trafficking in the Dominican Republic Human trafficking in the Dominican Republic is the third largest international crime enterprise in the Caribbean, generating 9.5 billion U.S, dollars annually. Local women and children are reportedly subjected to forced sex in the country and throughout the Caribbean, Europe, South America, and the United States. Women from other countries are also brought to the Dominican Republic for prostitution, and an unknown number may have subsequently become trafficking victims, even if they came voluntarily at first. The large population of undocumented or stateless persons of Haitian descent in the country is particularly vulnerable to","title":"Human trafficking in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17879944","text":"LGBT history in the Dominican Republic The act of public displays of homosexuality is illegal in the Dominican Republic. Sexual encounters that occur in private between two adults is legal. If acts are made public, one could be subject to face up to two years in prison. Although homosexuality was decriminalized, LGBT Dominicans still endure discrimination and violence due to their sexual orientation and/or sexuality identity. Members of the LGBT Community in the Dominican Republic are victims of hate crimes, extortion by the police, and discrimination when it comes to resources and employment services. Health care systems also face discrimination","title":"LGBT history in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2901464","text":"the Vatican. Under Rafael Trujillo's government, the power of the Catholic Church was limited. Although the Church remained apolitical during much of the Trujillo era, a 1960 pastoral letter of protest against mass arrests of government opponents seriously strained the relationship with the government. Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of","title":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13324456","text":"then hangs up when the phone is answered with the hope that they will be curious enough to call the number back. When the victim does this, an automatic $19.95 international call fee is charged to their account, as well as $9.00/min thereafter. Similar scams have been linked to Grenada (area code 473), Antigua (area code 268), Jamaica (area code 876) and the British Virgin Islands (area code 284). Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North","title":"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122641","text":"15 is considered literate. Literacy for females is listed at 92.3% while literacy for males is listed at 91.2%. Compared to the world, these numbers are higher than the average. Worldwide literacy is at 86.1%. For males, worldwide literacy is at 89.9% and for females world literacy is at 82.2%. The CIA world factbook also shows data on the school life expectancy of students in the Dominican Republic. For males, this life expectancy is at 13 years old which is slightly lower than the female school life expectancy of 14 years old. The Dominican Republic National Education Profile reflects this","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11232870","text":"prosecuting individuals who are engaging in child prostitution. A 2015 study by the International Justice Mission found a quarter of sex workers working on the streets, in parks and on beaches were under 18 years old. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic is estimated to be 0.7 percent, which is relatively low by Caribbean standards. However, the percentage among sex workers is estimated to be much higher, ranging from 2.5% to 12.4%, depending on the locale. According to the US Department of State, the Dominican Republic is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. Women and","title":"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066746","text":"have some players who represent the Dominican Republic, such as: Boxing is an important sport, and the country has produced scores of world-class fighters and world champions, both professionals and amateurs, among them Carlos Teo Cruz, Leo Cruz, Julio César Green, Joan Guzmán, and Juan Carlos Payano. Football is also a popular sport in the Dominican Republic. The governing body is the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. The Liga Dominicana de Fútbol is the top division of the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. There have been a couple of FIFA Goal Programme projects that have been designed to further improve the infrastructure","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"16415458","text":"in the United States has been helping to combat AIDS in the country. Dengue fever has become endemic to the republic, cases of malaria, and Zika virus. The practice of abortion is illegal in all cases in the Dominican Republic, a ban that includes conceptions following rape, incest, and situations where the health of the mother is in danger, even if life-threatening. This ban was reiterated by the Dominican government in a September 2009 provision of a constitutional reform bill. There are three tiers of healthcare in the country: Even those for whom care is supposedly provided may have to","title":"Health in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122663","text":"both alcohol and tobacco. This association is especially profound in tobacco use as there is a significant social gradient in tobacco use. Those with higher socioeconomic status, are less likely to smoke and education plays an important factor in socioeconomic status. Children in the Dominican Republic have listed education as one of their greatest concerns. Inequality in access to education is a primary concern for those living in the Dominican Republic as well as outside organizations such as UNICEF. UNICEF discusses how children in rural zones are much more likely to have a high rate of repetition and dropout. This","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371313","text":"movement in the country demanding equal rights under the Constitution. Dominican women won the right to vote in 1942, through the constitutional reform of that year, which were established in Articles 9 and 10. This marked an important civil and political change of women's rights in the Dominican Republic. The progressive policies implemented by the government of Juan Bosch in 1963 allowed women to begin to organize their grassroots movements at different levels of society. Decades later, in the early 90s, women's organizations in the Dominican Republic began to demand greater inclusion in elections. In that sense, the first female","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049665","text":"has a fast-growing population, but over two thirds of the jobs are not in formal work places. Haiti’s GDP per capita was $1,300 in 2008, or less than one-sixth of that in the Dominican Republic. As a result, hundreds of thousands of Haitians have migrated to the Dominican Republic, with some estimates of 800,000 Haitians in the country, while others believe they are more than a million. Many Haitian migrants or their descendants work in low-paid and unskilled jobs in building construction, household cleaning, and in plantations. In 2005 Dominican President Leonel Fernández criticized that collective expulsions of Haitians were","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"8268372","text":"all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in United States including Evangelical groups like Assemblies of God, Dominican Evangelical Church, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. These groups dominated the Protestant movement in the earlier part of the 20th century, but in the 1960s and 1970s Pentecostal churches saw the most growth. Protestant denominations active in the Dominican Republic now include: Other religions include The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Jehovah's Witnesses who have had a growing","title":"Religion in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20881630","text":"\"inferior\". Countless Haitians have lost their lives as a result of this discrimination. The most notorious event that occurred was the massacres of Haitians in the Dominican Republic border region in 1937 under the order of former president, Rafael Trujillo. Approximately 10-20,000 men, women, children, babies and elderly, who were selected by their skin color, were massacred using machetes, guns or were thrown to sharks. Contemporary incidences of Dominican discrimination against individuals of Haitian descent included the mass deportation of Haitians under the premise of purifying the racial state of the Dominican Republic. Following the earthquake that impacted Haiti in","title":"Racism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122645","text":"and universal in the Dominican Republic. This is split up into two different cycles. The first cycle is grades 1-4 for children 6–10 years old and the second cycle is grades 5-8 ad is for children 10–14 years old. Each grade level encompasses 10 months of teaching. Secondary school is provided by the Dominican Republic, however, this level of education is not compulsory. There are four years of schooling required to complete secondary school and it is for children age 14-18. The four years are split up into two cycles lasting two years each. The first cycle encompasses general and","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"10212266","text":"centuries. The current population of known Jews in the Dominican Republic is close to 3,000, with the majority living in the capital, Santo Domingo, and others residing in Sosúa. Since Jews mixed with those already living in the Dominican Republic, the exact number of Dominicans with Jewish ancestry isn't known. In spite of the Jews intermarriage with the Dominican people already living there, some spouses have formalized their Judaism through conversions and participate in Jewish communal life while other Sephardic Jews converted to Catholicism, still maintaining their Sephardic culture. Some Dominican Jews have also made aliyah to Israel. There are","title":"History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066740\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sugarball,\\\" \\\"Nothing typifies the new direction of Dominican baseball as much as the baseball academy, an institution rooted in the increased presence and benevolent paternalism of North American baseball interests in the country.\\\" The first baseball academy in the Dominican Republic was built in 1977 by Ralph Avila. In his description of baseball academies in the Dominican Republic, Alan Klein wrote \\\"What the academy does in working with the Dominican players goes beyond teaching baseball skills. They teach career preparation, socialization and how to cope with the cultural changes they will face in the United States.\\\" Campo Las Palmas is\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10277881\",\n \"text\": \"Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly declined. There were 1,198 murders in 2017, a rate of 14.9 per 100,000. The Dominican Republic has become a trans-shipment point for Colombian drugs destined to Europe as well as the United States and Canada. Money laundering via the Dominican Republic is favored by Colombian drug cartels for\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105540\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Dominican Republic The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa-born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Quisqueya (Kiskeya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (\\\"the Spanish Island\\\"), later Latinized to Hispaniola. What would become the Dominican Republic was the Spanish Captaincy General of Santo Domingo\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066734\",\n \"text\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic society. Baseball is the most popular sport on the island and Major League Baseball has been recruiting players from the Dominican Republic since the 1960s. Association football is the second sport of the country. Baseball is the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic today. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16415457\",\n \"text\": \"Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low by Caribbean standards, with an estimated 62,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans. In contrast neighboring Haiti has an HIV/AIDS rate more than double that of the Dominican Republic. A mission based\",\n \"title\": \"Health in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371310\",\n \"text\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional rights as men in the economic, political, cultural and social fields, as well as in the family. Their character has been defined by their history, culture, tradition and experience. Constitutionally, the modern-day women of the Dominican Republic are equal to men in terms of rights and property ownership. Culturally, the women of the Dominican Republic have an attitude that is known as \\\"machista\\\" behavior, where women understood and to a certain degree accepted the \\\"machismo\\\" nature of Dominican Republic men. By tradition, Dominican Republic women are expected\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049672\",\n \"text\": \"Paez and Ramón Ceballos, the administrative and eligibility directors of the Dominican Basketball Federation (FEDOMBAL), there is no record of participation of Dominican basketball players of Haitian descent. Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16415459\",\n \"text\": \"pay for medical supplies. Government expenditure on healthcare is about $180 per person per year, slightly more than half the average for the Latin American and Caribbean region. Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low\",\n \"title\": \"Health in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066738\",\n \"text\": \"and soon after teams from the MLB began sending scouts to watch Dominican Republic players play. Between 1955 and 1980 there were 49 players from the Dominican Republic who played in the MLB. However, in the 1980s hundreds of players started coming to the United States as there became \\\"working relationships between North American and Dominican teams.\\\" The first great pitcher from the Dominican Republic who starred in the United States was Juan Marichal who is nicknamed the \\\"Dominican Dandy\\\". He began his playing career in the MLB in 1960 after he was signed from the Dominican Republic by the\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10277884\",\n \"text\": \"During that time, abductors would contact family members and demand huge sums of money for the release of their loved ones. Most families paid the amount, and the victims were released unharmed. High crime areas in the capital include Arroyo Hondo, Naco, Gazcue, Cristo Rey and Villa Agricola.Pantoja Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4494117\",\n \"text\": \"the Armed Forces and National Police, and ban all people who have lost or have suspended his citizen rights, like convicted criminals or accused of treason from voting for a fixed period of time or indefinitely. The number of Dominican adults who will be eligible to vote in 2016 elections are projected to be 7.2 million. Different to what happen in others countries, voter registration in Dominican Republic is automatic and based on a database of the Civil Registry in charge of the JCE and resident foreigners possessing a (Cédula de Identidad y Electoral) \\\"Identity and Electoral Document\\\" (The Dominican\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049658\",\n \"text\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and consisted of peasants who crossed the border to the Dominican Republic because of the land scarcity in Haiti; in 1874 the Haitian military occupied La Miel valley and\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371312\",\n \"text\": \"for women to find jobs, where they are paid less. Many women from the Dominican Republic migrated to New York City in the United States in order to escape from the \\\"male-dominate culture\\\" of Dominican Republic society. One notable example of literature depicting the struggles of women in the Dominican Republic and their yearning for better life through education is Julia Alvarez's historical novel titled \\\"In the Time of the Butterflies\\\", whose heroine Minerva Mirabal lived in the Dominican Republic during the reign of Rafael Trujillo. In 1931, the Dominican Feminist Action, led by Abigail Mejia, hosted the First Feminist\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18667242\",\n \"text\": \"Tourism in the Dominican Republic Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an industry that generates over 6 million arrivals each year. It is an important source of revenue in the country, particularly in coastal areas. The Dominican Republic is the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean region, and ranks top 5 overall in the Americas. Its tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape, and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world. As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, Pico Duarte, as well\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15312158\",\n \"text\": \"Football in the Dominican Republic The sport of football in the country of the Dominican Republic is run by the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Liga Dominicana de Fútbol. In the Dominican Republic, baseball is the most popular sport, followed by basketball or association football, depending on the area in the Dominican Republic. Football is considered to be in constant growth since 2012. This sport was usually played from middle to high-class high school students, specially in urban areas like Santo Domingo, Santiago, Puerto Plata, Moca and Jarabacoa, however, in\",\n \"title\": \"Football in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11232872\",\n \"text\": \"women are paid a premium because of their lighter skin. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks the Dominican Republic as a 'Tier 2' country. Prostitution in the Dominican Republic Prostitution in the Dominican Republic is legal, but related activities such as brothel-keeping or pimping are illegal. However, prostitution laws are generally not enforced. It is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 women work as prostitutes in the country, many from neighbouring Haiti. The Dominican Republic has gained a reputation of being a major destination for international sex tourism, although the activity is\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122670\",\n \"text\": \"Ministry of Education (MINERD). Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122639\",\n \"text\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank below many other countries.\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371316\",\n \"text\": \"the reason is that most women tend to wear skirts instead of Jean either because of religious beliefs or do to culture. Women in the Dominican Republic have an average life expectancy of 72 years. Women who live in the rural areas of the Dominican Republic usually engage themselves in the manufacture of \\\"macramé\\\" hammocks, bags, baskets, products of palm weaving, and the creation of jewelry using coral, seashells, amber, and the semiprecious ocean-blue gemstone known as larimar (a gemstone that is native only in the country). Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122662\",\n \"text\": \"education program in the Dominican Republic. This program was focused on training parents on how to support the development of their children and focused on health, safety, and behavioral topics. The researchers trained local workers at a hospital to teach the program and adapted the curriculum that was used in Canada to be more relevant towards topics in the Dominican Republic. Educational opportunity in the Dominican Republic is important not only for increasing social status but also for health outcomes. De Tavarez and Andrade discuss how higher educational attainment in the Dominican Republic is negatively associated with the use of\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066750\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Madden NFL 08\\\". Rugby union is a minor sport, but there is a Dominican Republic side, which has played at least one international. Other sports include combat sports of judo, and professional wrestlers Arcadio Brito, Jack Veneno and Bronco # 1. In 2014, Victor Estrella became the nation's first top 100 tennis player. Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7221734\",\n \"text\": \"Islam in the Dominican Republic Statistics for Islam in the Dominican Republic estimate that 0.03 percent of the population (3,000 individuals) are Muslim, but accurate statistics of religious affiliation are difficult to calculate and there is a wide variation concerning the actual numerical amount. Although the majority of the population is Roman Catholic, Muslims have formed local organizations such as the \\\"Círculo Islámico de República Dominicana\\\" (The Islamic Circle of Dominican Republic) and the Islamic Center of the Dominican Republic (located in Miami). Currently, the Círculo Islámico estimates that Muslims number over 3,000 (most recent statistics), including of a good\",\n \"title\": \"Islam in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105721\",\n \"text\": \"for sugar mills): Major ports and harbours in the Dominican Republic: The following six local ports are a single pier with berth facility: A local ferry service runs daily between the Samaná and Sabana del Mar ports. Boaters and sailors who wish to dock in any of DR's ports must follow certain entry requirements: There are 7 major and 31 minor airports in the DR (2009): There are direct flights to and from Dominican Republic From United States, Cuba, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Europe and the Caribbean. Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105717\",\n \"text\": \"Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is composed of a system of roads, airports, ports, harbours and an urban railway: There are five main highways (DR-1, DR-2, DR-3, DR-4, DR-5) they are in good condition in the Dominican Republic connecting its biggest cities and tourist centers. There are nearly of highways and roads, 9,872 being paved and (2002 est.) unpaved. Like any underdeveloped nation, the Dominican Republic suffers from lack of good paved roads to connect smaller towns and less populated areas though they are working on it, however major town roads are kept in good\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11343570\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the Vice President shall be elected along with the President. Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional Vice Presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting Vice Presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana. After\",\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371311\",\n \"text\": \"to be submissive housewives, whose role in the household include child bearing and rearing, taking care of and supporting their husbands, cooking meals, cleaning the house, and sewing. Women in the Dominican Republic are not commonly the breadwinners for their households. Dominican Republic women are a significantly smaller portion of the workforce in a country that is currently the 4th largest location of free trade zones in the world. The average salary of a working woman in the Dominican Republic in 1990 was at US$59.00 but the unemployment rate of Dominican women is 23%. In rural areas, it was easier\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19169257\",\n \"text\": \"73.5% of females reported having consumed alcohol sometime in the prior three months. Although the legal drinking age is eighteen, many young adults begin consuming before that. Youth in the Dominican Republic Youth in the Dominican Republic constitutes just over 30% of the total population. The Dominican Republic's population at roughly eleven million people has grown tremendously with the help of the youth population. In 1960, the youth population was at 3.3 million, and by 2008, it had reached 9.5 million, with two thirds of them in urban areas of the country. The Dominican Republic is considered a middle-income country,\",\n \"title\": \"Youth in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19169241\",\n \"text\": \"Youth in the Dominican Republic Youth in the Dominican Republic constitutes just over 30% of the total population. The Dominican Republic's population at roughly eleven million people has grown tremendously with the help of the youth population. In 1960, the youth population was at 3.3 million, and by 2008, it had reached 9.5 million, with two thirds of them in urban areas of the country. The Dominican Republic is considered a middle-income country, and thrives economically through tourism and telecommunications. Tourism is the single best revenue earner and over 25,000 youth are employed in this sector. Although tourism generates large\",\n \"title\": \"Youth in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15413685\",\n \"text\": \"Carnival in the Dominican Republic The Carnival in the Dominican Republic is a Dominican celebration that takes place throughout February; although some Dominicans (rarely) celebrate it during Holy Week in March. Dominicans are usually most festive on February 27th, which is the Dominican Independence Day. In Santo Domingo, celebrations include a large military display with the Dominican air force, navy, and army. Festivities often include the wearing of colorful costumes that symbolize Dominican religious and traditional characters such as \\\"Calife\\\", \\\"Guloya\\\", and \\\"Diablo Cojuelo\\\". Festivities take place all over the island, with each town adding its own twist to the\",\n \"title\": \"Carnival in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4494113\",\n \"text\": \"Elections in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a unitary state with elected officials at the national and local levels. On a national level, head of state, the President, is elected directly by the people. All members of a national legislature, The Congress of the Republic (\\\"Congreso de la República\\\") divided in two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. There are also elected offices at the local level (municipalities or cities and municipal districts). It is estimated that across the whole country, over four thousand offices are filled in every electoral cycle. The Dominican Republic has a\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2901463\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of the population), in 11 territorial dioceses and one military ordinariate, served by 800 priests. Within the Dominican Republic the hierarchy consists of: The Dominican Republic offers religious freedom, but the Catholic Church still enjoys certain favors, in particular due to a 1954 concordat with\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049667\",\n \"text\": \"aid. Human Rights Watch estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic. Before 2010, the Constitution of the Dominican Republic generally granted citizenship to anyone born in the country, except children of diplomats and persons \\\"in transit\\\". The 2010 constitution was amended to define all undocumented residents as \\\"in transit\\\". On September 23, 2013, the Dominican Republic Constitutional Court issued a ruling that retroactively applied this definition to 1929, the year Haiti and the Dominican Republic formalized the border. The decision stripped Dominican citizenship from about 210,000 people who were born in the\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066736\",\n \"text\": \"called \\\"Licey\\\" emerged and it would become one of the finest sporting institutions in the Dominican Republic. With the arrival of \\\"Licey\\\" in 1907 thousands of people showed up for their games with the other self-organized teams in the country. They became great entertainment for citizens from all economic backgrounds. In 1912, \\\"Nuevo Club\\\" won the first baseball championship in Santo Domingo. Between the years of 1907-1920, the sport of baseball was played in the Dominican Republic for fun and the players played for \\\"the love of the game.\\\" However, in 1921 the teams began to collect money from spectators\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18667260\",\n \"text\": \"to board ships and whale watch. This is a large source of income to a town that otherwise would have an economy mainly driven by fishing. San Cristóbal Tourism in the Dominican Republic Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an industry that generates over 6 million arrivals each year. It is an important source of revenue in the country, particularly in coastal areas. The Dominican Republic is the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean region, and ranks top 5 overall in the Americas. Its tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape, and colonial history attracts visitors from around\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12436591\",\n \"text\": \"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total (behind Haiti), with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013 (the Dominican Republic is the second most populated Caribbean nation). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that some urban areas of the Dominican Republic have HIV/AIDS infection rates well in excess of 10%. In some parts of the Dominican Republic, HIV/AIDS has become one of the leading cause of death\",\n \"title\": \"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11232868\",\n \"text\": \"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic Prostitution in the Dominican Republic is legal, but related activities such as brothel-keeping or pimping are illegal. However, prostitution laws are generally not enforced. It is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 women work as prostitutes in the country, many from neighbouring Haiti. The Dominican Republic has gained a reputation of being a major destination for international sex tourism, although the activity is mostly concentrated in poor coastal towns of the country (especially Las Terrenas, Cabarete, Sosua, and Boca Chica), where women have less economic opportunities than in larger towns and cities. Haitian immigrants also take\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105710\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic there are 46 in VHF and UHF channels free-to-air channels. The programming on the free of charge channels consists mainly of locally produced entertainment shows, news, and comedy shows; and foreign sitcoms, soap operas, movies, cartoons, and sports programs. The main service provider in the Dominican Republic is Tricom. Aster is concentrated in Santo Domingo, but is expanding its service throughout the Dominican Republic. There are new companies using new technologies that are expanding quickly such as Claro TV (IPTV and Satellite TV), Wind Telecom (MMDS) and SKY (Satellite TV). On election day in May 2012 government broadcast\",\n \"title\": \"Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15413688\",\n \"text\": \"and its main character is the \\\"Diablo Cojuelo\\\" (Limping Devil). While there are many characters in the various versions of the carnival across the island, there are several prominent ones featured in most celebrations: There are many ways in which the carnival is celebrated, although most celebrations have several similarities: Carnival in the Dominican Republic The Carnival in the Dominican Republic is a Dominican celebration that takes place throughout February; although some Dominicans (rarely) celebrate it during Holy Week in March. Dominicans are usually most festive on February 27th, which is the Dominican Independence Day. In Santo Domingo, celebrations include\",\n \"title\": \"Carnival in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11535127\",\n \"text\": \"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in the United States including Evangelical groups like the\",\n \"title\": \"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11535129\",\n \"text\": \"not seen as Protestant denomination by mainstream Christianity. Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in\",\n \"title\": \"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049668\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic after 1929 but are descended from undocumented immigrants from Haiti. Many of the Dominican Republic-born do not have Haitian citizenship and have never been to Haiti; the decision rendered them at least temporarily stateless. Some Haitians began leaving voluntarily or in response to ethnic violence. The government set a deadline of June 17, 2015 for affected people to leave the Dominican Republic, as nighttime \\\"bandits\\\" threatened Haitians with violence and deportation; by August 2015 \\\"hundreds\\\" had been deported. Almost 75% of the Haitians living in the Dominican Republic have been residing in the country for less than 10\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18818295\",\n \"text\": \"Coffee production in the Dominican Republic Coffee production in the Dominican Republic is based mainly in the mountain regions of the country, in the highlands which form at least one-half of the area of Hispaniola. Introduced to the country in 1715, the Dominican Republic bean is larger and thicker than Martinique's. The major coffee variety grown in the country is \\\"Arabica\\\" (known internationally as “mild”). \\\"Robusta\\\" is also grown but only in about 1.3% of the land area; it is consumed locally. Coffee was first introduced in the Dominican Republic in 1715 and has been the principal crop of the\",\n \"title\": \"Coffee production in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122644\",\n \"text\": \"6 years of age. There are three cycles of the pre-primary stage. The first cycle is for children ages 0–2 years old, the second cycle is for children 2–4 years old, and the third cycle is for children 4–6 years old. The Dominican Republic provides the last year of pre-primary education for families and this year is considered compulsory. The earlier years are not paid for by the Dominican Republic and are thus not compulsory. The Primary school stage of the Dominican Republic education system is eight years long and is designated for children ages 6–14. Primary education is compulsory\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13812318\",\n \"text\": \"Abortion in the Dominican Republic Abortion in the Dominican Republic is completely illegal. The Dominican Republic is one of the few countries of the world which have a complete ban on abortion, without an exception for saving maternal life. Abortion has been constitutionally prohibited since September 18, 2009, when a constitutional amendment declaring the right to life as \\\"inviolable from conception until death\\\" was approved in Congress by a majority vote of 128 to 34. Up until October 2012, women could come forward for treatment without fear of being arrested. Dr. Milton Cordero has been working since 1980 in the\",\n \"title\": \"Abortion in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13812330\",\n \"text\": \"medicine if they treated her. It took 10 weeks of debate before lawmakers decided that it would not be illegal for Esperancita to receive treatment to save her life. Dr. Antonio Cabrera reported that Esperancita had died on August 17, 2012, shortly after suffering a miscarriage followed by cardiac arrest. She was 13 weeks pregnant at the time of her miscarriage. Abortion in the Dominican Republic Abortion in the Dominican Republic is completely illegal. The Dominican Republic is one of the few countries of the world which have a complete ban on abortion, without an exception for saving maternal life.\",\n \"title\": \"Abortion in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1820491\",\n \"text\": \"are beatboxing, hip hop fashion, and hip hop slang. All these elements have been carried on into the Dominican Republic since the mid 80s by young immigrants who returned to their mother land, usually from Puerto Rico, New York, Boston and Florida. Dominican hip hop started to gain national popularity in the years 2006 and 2007. Reggaeton came to the Dominican Republic from Puerto Rico in the 90's. Dominican reggaeton is called by its original name \\\"dem-bow\\\". Dominican \\\"dem-bow\\\" uses old reggae and reggaeton beats from mainly Jamaica, Panama, and Puerto Rico. The \\\"dem-bow\\\" is utiliz making the \\\"dem-dow\\\" rhythm\",\n \"title\": \"Music of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20526461\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic–Spain relations Dominican Republic–Spain relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and the Organization of Ibero-American States. The first Europeans to arrive to what is now present day Dominican Republic was in December 1492 when explorer Christopher Columbus arrived to the island of Hispaniola. In 1493, Columbus built one of the first European settlements in the Americas and called it \\\"La Isabela\\\", named after Spanish Queen Isabella I of Castile. Soon after Columbus's arrival to Hispaniola, most of the native Taíno\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17879946\",\n \"text\": \"rate of that in the United States. Homosexuality in the Dominican Republic was decriminalized in 1822. LGBT history in the Dominican Republic The act of public displays of homosexuality is illegal in the Dominican Republic. Sexual encounters that occur in private between two adults is legal. If acts are made public, one could be subject to face up to two years in prison. Although homosexuality was decriminalized, LGBT Dominicans still endure discrimination and violence due to their sexual orientation and/or sexuality identity. Members of the LGBT Community in the Dominican Republic are victims of hate crimes, extortion by the police,\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT history in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8268381\",\n \"text\": \"others residing in Sosúa, which was founded by Jews after President Rafael Trujillo offered to accept up to 100,000 Jewish refugees in 1938. Both locations have synagogues. Religion in the Dominican Republic The many kinds of religion in the Dominican Republic have been growing and changing. Historically, Catholicism dominated the religious practices of the small country. In modern times Protestant and non-Christian groups, like Jews, have experienced a population boom. The most professed denomination by far is Roman Catholicism. Morgan Foley was the leader of Protestantism for women in the 1800s. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8268371\",\n \"text\": \"Religion in the Dominican Republic The many kinds of religion in the Dominican Republic have been growing and changing. Historically, Catholicism dominated the religious practices of the small country. In modern times Protestant and non-Christian groups, like Jews, have experienced a population boom. The most professed denomination by far is Roman Catholicism. Morgan Foley was the leader of Protestantism for women in the 1800s. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371315\",\n \"text\": \"give importance to personal appearance, neatness and cleanliness. In the rural areas, Dominican Republic women may wear dresses and skirts; while in urban locations, Dominican Republic women may prefer to wear short skirts and jeans. The clothing in both areas may be made up of bright coloration and shiny fabrics. Older or prominent women are often addressed as Doña followed by their surnames as a form of respect. Female greetings may involve women kissing each other on the cheek. In relation to riding motorcycles, it is common for Dominican Republic women to sidesaddle while on the backs of such vehicles;\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066749\",\n \"text\": \"taekwondo practitioner Gabriel Mercedes won golden and silver medals respectively. The Dominican Republic Olympic Committee (DROC) is represented by its president Mr. Luis Mejía Oviedo. The Dominican Republic hosted the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo. The United States finished with the most medals. The games featured 338 events in 35 sports. Dominican Republic hosted two Central American and Caribbean Games, the editions of 1974 at Santo Domingo, and the 1986 at lshit. Luis Castillo, defensive end played in the National Football League for the San Diego Chargers. Castillo was the cover athlete for the Spanish language version of\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11535128\",\n \"text\": \"Assemblies of God, the Evangelical Church of the Dominican Republic (a united Methodist-Presbyterian church), and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. These groups dominated the Protestant movement in the earlier part of the 20th century, but in the 1960s and 1970s Pentecostal churches saw the most growth. Protestant denominations active in the Dominican Republic now include: Missionaries, Episcopalians, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, and Mennonites, also travel to the island. Jehovah's Witnesses, specifically, have been known to be migrating (more so during the last decade) to the Dominican Republic where they feel there is a \\\"great need\\\" for evangelizing their faith. However they are\",\n \"title\": \"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20881626\",\n \"text\": \"Racism in the Dominican Republic Racism in the Dominican Republic exists due to the after-effects of slavery and the African Diaspora. Today, many Dominicans have African ancestry, as most African slaves were transported to South America and the Caribbean islands. Due to the influence of European colonization and European propagation of Africans or \\\"dark-people\\\" as lesser, being of African ancestry is often not desired or acknowledged in the Dominican Republic. Approximately 90% of Dominicans have some extent of African descent, however, few people self-identify as being black. According to Gates, only 4.13% of Dominicans identified themselves as black while the\",\n \"title\": \"Racism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066735\",\n \"text\": \"the second-highest number of baseball players in Major League Baseball (MLB). Although the sport was first seen in Latin America in Cuba, baseball began to flourish in the Dominican Republic when the United States Marine Corps occupied the island from 1916-1924. The first players of the game in the Dominican Republic were the upper-class Dominican boys who studied in the United States and played the game of baseball when they returned to the Dominican Republic. In the early 1900s, there were two baseball clubs named \\\"Nuevo Club\\\" and \\\"Ozama\\\" that were head and shoulders above the competition. However, a group\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13547163\",\n \"text\": \"Rugby union in the Dominican Republic Rugby union in the Dominican Republic is a minor, but growing sport. The governing body is the Dominican Rugby Federation, known as Fedorugby. It is affiliated to NACRA, the regional governing body for rugby within North America and the Caribbean. Fedorugby is not currently a member of World Rugby. Rugby was introduced to the Dominican Republic by French diplomat Jean-Paul Bossuge, vice consul at the time, in 1972. Jean Paul Rugby Club is named after him. Rugby began to grow in the seventies, but went into decline in the early 1990s. As in many\",\n \"title\": \"Rugby union in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13324450\",\n \"text\": \"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) country code, 1, followed by the area code in the same form as an internal area code in other NANP countries, such as the US and Canada. When in the Dominican Republic, the 3-digit area code followed by the 7-digit phone number must be dialed. When calling the Dominican Republic from the United States or Canada, this must be prefixed by the digit \\\"1\\\". From\",\n \"title\": \"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12436601\",\n \"text\": \"vulnerable groups, including female sex workers, MSM, and migrants. With Global Fund support, the government also intends to scale up ART. HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total (behind Haiti), with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013 (the Dominican Republic is the second most populated Caribbean nation). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that some urban areas of the Dominican Republic have HIV/AIDS infection rates well\",\n \"title\": \"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16683546\",\n \"text\": \"ecclesiastical court. The CED is a member of the Latin American Episcopal Conference. List of Presidents of the Bishops' Conference: Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic The Conference of the Dominican Episcopate (Spanish: \\\"Conferencia del Episcopado Dominicano\\\", CED) is the body of the Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic. In 1954 arose the first Episcopal National Commission of the Dominican Republic, which is now officially called with the current name since September 22, 1962, when the Holy See approved its statutes. The first plenary meeting of the CED met in 1963, and the episcopal commissions were created in 1966. The\",\n \"title\": \"Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9336322\",\n \"text\": \"Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic There are various Highways and Routes in the Dominican Republic. They are listed here. The Dominican Republic is classified as a middle-income country by the World Bank. In the last 10 years the government of the Dominican Republic has put increased effort in renovating and improving the nationwide road infrastructure to improve connections of the interior of the country to Santo Domingo. This has successfully improved the quality of the main eight highways of the Dominican Republic. Expansion, widening, tunnels, and elevated viaduct have all been methods used by the Dominican authorities to\",\n \"title\": \"Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066739\",\n \"text\": \"San Francisco Giants. The first great hitter from the Dominican Republic was Felipe Alou who hit 206 career home runs. Free agency in the MLB, which began in 1976, and the rise of baseball academies in the Dominican Republic have changed Dominican Baseball. For years, owners of traditional Dominican teams have been underpaying their players, however since the salary of Major League Baseball players has gone up dramatically players who once played in the Dominican Winter Baseball League are no longer playing and instead, trying to sign contracts with teams from the MLB. Historian Alan Klein wrote in his book\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16683545\",\n \"text\": \"Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic The Conference of the Dominican Episcopate (Spanish: \\\"Conferencia del Episcopado Dominicano\\\", CED) is the body of the Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic. In 1954 arose the first Episcopal National Commission of the Dominican Republic, which is now officially called with the current name since September 22, 1962, when the Holy See approved its statutes. The first plenary meeting of the CED met in 1963, and the episcopal commissions were created in 1966. The main bodies that make up are: the Plenary Assembly, the Permanent Council, its Secretary General, 16 committee and a national\",\n \"title\": \"Episcopal Conference of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19169251\",\n \"text\": \"scarcity of resources may push young people into unsustainable and dangerous survival activities often creating violent neighborhoods. In Latin America and the Caribbean, it is estimated that over 50% of the population between 12–24 years is at-risk in participating in illegal and dangerous activities. Youth in the Dominican Republic can find a sense of social support in gangs. Many youth experiencing poverty can be excluded by the wider Dominican society, and gangs are sometimes the only option of acceptance. In the 2012 Latin American Public Opinion Project survey, the Dominican Republic was ranked first of all the Latin American countries,\",\n \"title\": \"Youth in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122642\",\n \"text\": \"showing higher levels of completion for both primary as well as secondary schools. A report by the United States Agency for International Development, ranks the Dominican Republic 143rd in quality of primary education and 137th in quality of the education system. This ranking is out of 144 countries worldwide. In 1980, the percent of the Dominican Republic's GDP that went towards education was 2%. This value dropped to 0.88% in 1990. The education spending has since gone back up to around 4% of the GDP. The Dominican Republic Education System is governed by four government organizations: the State Secretariat for\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122653\",\n \"text\": \"be willing to stand up for others. A study by Mihir and Manas compared four countries in Central America on three indices concerning teachers and teacher quality. Of these four countries, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic, the Dominican Republic in general had higher ratings for their teachers, however, the article notes that there is much work that is needed to be done. The first index that was measured was whether the teachers were prepared for effective teaching. The study found that there were standards set for teachers. However, the study notes that the teachers in the Dominican\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2595188\",\n \"text\": \"II of Constitution of the Dominican Republic giving the following rights and obligations: \\\" 'in its status as head of state corresponding:' \\\" According to the Constitution of the Dominican Republic of 1966, in its modification of the year 2015 by the Congress, the President: President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \\\"Your Excellency,\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15708562\",\n \"text\": \"Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic The Chinese community in the Dominican Republic forms one of the largest Chinese communities in Latin America. Although no official census has been made, there are estimates of approximately 50,000 people of Chinese origin living in the country. Chinese descendants living in the Dominican Republic may be referred as Chinese Dominicans. The first recorded mention of a Chinese presence in the Dominican Republic was in 1864 during the Dominican Restoration War, with references to a man named “Pancho el Chino,” who fought in the War. There are also reports that a businessman named Gregorio\",\n \"title\": \"Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12135006\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic Japanese Dominicans are Dominican citizens of Japanese origin. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates the Japanese descended population in the country at roughly 800. , there were also 873 Japanese nationals in the Dominican Republic. These consist of both the settlers who have retained their Japanese citizenship, and more recent expatriate residents. The Dominican Republic has the largest Japanese population in the Caribbean and Central American region. Migration from Japan to the Dominican Republic did not begin until after World War II. With the end of the Allied occupation, Japan regained control over its\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096799\",\n \"text\": \"are most prominent in food, family structure, religion, and music. Many Arawak/Taíno names and words are used in daily conversation and for many foods native to the Dominican Republic. Spanish is the predominant language in the Dominican Republic; the local dialect is called Dominican Spanish, it closely resembles Canarian Spanish, and borrowed vocabularies from the Arawak language. Schools are based on a Spanish educational model, with English and French being taught as secondary languages in both private and public schools. Haitian Creole is spoken by the population of Haitian descent. There is a community of about 8,000 speakers of Samaná\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12135013\",\n \"text\": \"instead of the modern loanword for \\\"camera\\\". The \\\"Colegio Japones de Santo Domingo\\\" is a supplementary Japanese education program in Santo Domingo. Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic Japanese Dominicans are Dominican citizens of Japanese origin. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates the Japanese descended population in the country at roughly 800. , there were also 873 Japanese nationals in the Dominican Republic. These consist of both the settlers who have retained their Japanese citizenship, and more recent expatriate residents. The Dominican Republic has the largest Japanese population in the Caribbean and Central American region. Migration from Japan to the\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096779\",\n \"text\": \"People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \\\"Dominican\\\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic was known as Santo Domingo, the name of its present\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096816\",\n \"text\": \"has produced scores of world-class fighters and world champions. \\\"Notes\\\": People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \\\"Dominican\\\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19169253\",\n \"text\": \"at 50%, as some youth face different constraints to accessing education at this level. Around 55% of children and adolescents do not attend school because their right to enter the system is denied. This restricted access to education affects children who do not have documents, which includes children who were born in the country to undocumented Dominican parents and children of Haitian parents. Many Haitians migrate to the Dominican Republic increasing the youth population in the school systems. There was an increase of Haitians in the Dominican Republic after an earthquake struck the island in 2010, killing over 200,000 people.\",\n \"title\": \"Youth in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066737\",\n \"text\": \"and the championship game that year brought in over $7,000 and commercial pressures led to the sport becoming a semi-profession in the Dominican Republic. Rafael Trujillo became president of the Dominican Republic in 1930 and he helped baseball soar in popularity as the sport gained a political connection. By the end of the 1930s, many of the finest Negro League players from the United States and Cuban players played baseball in the summer in the Dominican Republic as they were paid a fortune in order to come play. Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066743\",\n \"text\": \"participated in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, the inaugural tournament, in which they finished semi–finalists along with Korea. In the 2013 World Baseball Classic, the Dominican Republic became the first team to win the event undefeated. They beat Puerto Rico in the Championship game to win the 2013 World Baseball Classic. In 2017, The Dominican Republic participated in the World Baseball Classic and made it to the second round. However, a highlight from the 2017 World Baseball Classic was when the Dominican Republic played the United States and won 7 to 5 in front of a record 37,446 fans at\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049659\",\n \"text\": \"Rancho Mateo. In 1899 the Haitian government claimed the center-west and the south-west of the Dominican Republic, including western Lake Enriquillo, as it estimated that Haitians had become the majority in that area. However, the arrival of Haitians to the rest of the country began after the United States occupation of Haiti and the Dominican Republic around 1916, when US-owned sugar companies imported, annually, thousands of Haitian workers to cut costs. The 1935 census revealed that several border towns were of Haitian majority; between 1920 and 1935 the Haitian population in the Dominican Republic doubled. In 1936, Haiti received several\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20881632\",\n \"text\": \"to prevent Dominicans of Haitian descent from naturalizing or integrating into the society, especially politically. Despite this lack of representation, Haitians represent a large section of labor in the Dominican Republic and are subjected to slavery-like work conditions on sugar plantation. Racism in the Dominican Republic Racism in the Dominican Republic exists due to the after-effects of slavery and the African Diaspora. Today, many Dominicans have African ancestry, as most African slaves were transported to South America and the Caribbean islands. Due to the influence of European colonization and European propagation of Africans or \\\"dark-people\\\" as lesser, being of African\",\n \"title\": \"Racism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9336324\",\n \"text\": \"an auxiliary route(DR-5) from the main routes to connect smaller sized cities to the main highway grid. The following is a table of the main highways of the republic. Like any developing nation, the Dominican Republic suffers from a lack of good paved routes to connect smaller towns and less populated areas. Some of them are in bad condition or are completely unpaved. Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic There are various Highways and Routes in the Dominican Republic. They are listed here. The Dominican Republic is classified as a middle-income country by the World Bank. In the last\",\n \"title\": \"Highways and routes in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4494123\",\n \"text\": \"At the local level, cities government positions elections are held in a nationwide modallity every four years on the third Sunday of February in leap year, coinciding in a single Election Year with the presidential and congressional elections. Elections in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a unitary state with elected officials at the national and local levels. On a national level, head of state, the President, is elected directly by the people. All members of a national legislature, The Congress of the Republic (\\\"Congreso de la República\\\") divided in two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"825892\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy, where the President of the Dominican Republic functions as both the head of the government and head of the multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral National Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. With the proclamation of the first constitution in the Dominican Republic on 6 November 1844 in the city of San Cristobal, the Dominican theory of sovereignty, 'independence politics', was formed. The Dominican Republic would remain for the most part republican and\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19826790\",\n \"text\": \"National Council of the Magistracy (Dominican Republic) The National Council of the Magistracy (\\\"Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura-CNM,\\\" en español), is the Dominican constitutional body responsible for appointing judges of the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court and the Superior Electoral Court of the Dominican Republic. The NCM is also the organ called to conduct performance evaluations of judges of the Supreme Court. The NCM appears in Dominican Republic for the constitutional amendment of 1994, whose existence is recognized promotion and the late José Francisco Peña Gómez, top leader of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) as a result of the political\",\n \"title\": \"National Council of the Magistracy (Dominican Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2595181\",\n \"text\": \"President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \\\"Your Excellency, Mr. President\\\" during his time in office. His official residence is the National Palace. The article CXXVIII of the constitution instructs the president of the \\\"faithful execution of the Dominican Law\\\" and confers on him the rank of commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the National\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13547164\",\n \"text\": \"other countries, rugby had suffered from lack of Olympic recognition. There was a revival in 1997, and from 1997 to 2000 the Dominican Republic was represented in Trinidad and Tobago's Rugby Sevens Tournament. There are rugby clubs in Santo Domingo, San Cristóbal, and La Romana, as well as at San Pedro and Constanza. Rugby is also played in the universities. Santo Domingo has six main clubs: Lions RC, Red Dragons RC, Titanes RC, Pirañas del Caribe RC as well as the university clubs at UNPHU and UASD. Rugby union in the Dominican Republic Rugby union in the Dominican Republic is\",\n \"title\": \"Rugby union in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15530429\",\n \"text\": \"Human trafficking in the Dominican Republic Human trafficking in the Dominican Republic is the third largest international crime enterprise in the Caribbean, generating 9.5 billion U.S, dollars annually. Local women and children are reportedly subjected to forced sex in the country and throughout the Caribbean, Europe, South America, and the United States. Women from other countries are also brought to the Dominican Republic for prostitution, and an unknown number may have subsequently become trafficking victims, even if they came voluntarily at first. The large population of undocumented or stateless persons of Haitian descent in the country is particularly vulnerable to\",\n \"title\": \"Human trafficking in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17879944\",\n \"text\": \"LGBT history in the Dominican Republic The act of public displays of homosexuality is illegal in the Dominican Republic. Sexual encounters that occur in private between two adults is legal. If acts are made public, one could be subject to face up to two years in prison. Although homosexuality was decriminalized, LGBT Dominicans still endure discrimination and violence due to their sexual orientation and/or sexuality identity. Members of the LGBT Community in the Dominican Republic are victims of hate crimes, extortion by the police, and discrimination when it comes to resources and employment services. Health care systems also face discrimination\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT history in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2901464\",\n \"text\": \"the Vatican. Under Rafael Trujillo's government, the power of the Catholic Church was limited. Although the Church remained apolitical during much of the Trujillo era, a 1960 pastoral letter of protest against mass arrests of government opponents seriously strained the relationship with the government. Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13324456\",\n \"text\": \"then hangs up when the phone is answered with the hope that they will be curious enough to call the number back. When the victim does this, an automatic $19.95 international call fee is charged to their account, as well as $9.00/min thereafter. Similar scams have been linked to Grenada (area code 473), Antigua (area code 268), Jamaica (area code 876) and the British Virgin Islands (area code 284). Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North\",\n \"title\": \"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122641\",\n \"text\": \"15 is considered literate. Literacy for females is listed at 92.3% while literacy for males is listed at 91.2%. Compared to the world, these numbers are higher than the average. Worldwide literacy is at 86.1%. For males, worldwide literacy is at 89.9% and for females world literacy is at 82.2%. The CIA world factbook also shows data on the school life expectancy of students in the Dominican Republic. For males, this life expectancy is at 13 years old which is slightly lower than the female school life expectancy of 14 years old. The Dominican Republic National Education Profile reflects this\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11232870\",\n \"text\": \"prosecuting individuals who are engaging in child prostitution. A 2015 study by the International Justice Mission found a quarter of sex workers working on the streets, in parks and on beaches were under 18 years old. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic is estimated to be 0.7 percent, which is relatively low by Caribbean standards. However, the percentage among sex workers is estimated to be much higher, ranging from 2.5% to 12.4%, depending on the locale. According to the US Department of State, the Dominican Republic is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. Women and\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066746\",\n \"text\": \"have some players who represent the Dominican Republic, such as: Boxing is an important sport, and the country has produced scores of world-class fighters and world champions, both professionals and amateurs, among them Carlos Teo Cruz, Leo Cruz, Julio César Green, Joan Guzmán, and Juan Carlos Payano. Football is also a popular sport in the Dominican Republic. The governing body is the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. The Liga Dominicana de Fútbol is the top division of the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. There have been a couple of FIFA Goal Programme projects that have been designed to further improve the infrastructure\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16415458\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States has been helping to combat AIDS in the country. Dengue fever has become endemic to the republic, cases of malaria, and Zika virus. The practice of abortion is illegal in all cases in the Dominican Republic, a ban that includes conceptions following rape, incest, and situations where the health of the mother is in danger, even if life-threatening. This ban was reiterated by the Dominican government in a September 2009 provision of a constitutional reform bill. There are three tiers of healthcare in the country: Even those for whom care is supposedly provided may have to\",\n \"title\": \"Health in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122663\",\n \"text\": \"both alcohol and tobacco. This association is especially profound in tobacco use as there is a significant social gradient in tobacco use. Those with higher socioeconomic status, are less likely to smoke and education plays an important factor in socioeconomic status. Children in the Dominican Republic have listed education as one of their greatest concerns. Inequality in access to education is a primary concern for those living in the Dominican Republic as well as outside organizations such as UNICEF. UNICEF discusses how children in rural zones are much more likely to have a high rate of repetition and dropout. This\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371313\",\n \"text\": \"movement in the country demanding equal rights under the Constitution. Dominican women won the right to vote in 1942, through the constitutional reform of that year, which were established in Articles 9 and 10. This marked an important civil and political change of women's rights in the Dominican Republic. The progressive policies implemented by the government of Juan Bosch in 1963 allowed women to begin to organize their grassroots movements at different levels of society. Decades later, in the early 90s, women's organizations in the Dominican Republic began to demand greater inclusion in elections. In that sense, the first female\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049665\",\n \"text\": \"has a fast-growing population, but over two thirds of the jobs are not in formal work places. Haiti’s GDP per capita was $1,300 in 2008, or less than one-sixth of that in the Dominican Republic. As a result, hundreds of thousands of Haitians have migrated to the Dominican Republic, with some estimates of 800,000 Haitians in the country, while others believe they are more than a million. Many Haitian migrants or their descendants work in low-paid and unskilled jobs in building construction, household cleaning, and in plantations. In 2005 Dominican President Leonel Fernández criticized that collective expulsions of Haitians were\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8268372\",\n \"text\": \"all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in United States including Evangelical groups like Assemblies of God, Dominican Evangelical Church, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. These groups dominated the Protestant movement in the earlier part of the 20th century, but in the 1960s and 1970s Pentecostal churches saw the most growth. Protestant denominations active in the Dominican Republic now include: Other religions include The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Jehovah's Witnesses who have had a growing\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20881630\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"inferior\\\". Countless Haitians have lost their lives as a result of this discrimination. The most notorious event that occurred was the massacres of Haitians in the Dominican Republic border region in 1937 under the order of former president, Rafael Trujillo. Approximately 10-20,000 men, women, children, babies and elderly, who were selected by their skin color, were massacred using machetes, guns or were thrown to sharks. Contemporary incidences of Dominican discrimination against individuals of Haitian descent included the mass deportation of Haitians under the premise of purifying the racial state of the Dominican Republic. Following the earthquake that impacted Haiti in\",\n \"title\": \"Racism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122645\",\n \"text\": \"and universal in the Dominican Republic. This is split up into two different cycles. The first cycle is grades 1-4 for children 6–10 years old and the second cycle is grades 5-8 ad is for children 10–14 years old. Each grade level encompasses 10 months of teaching. Secondary school is provided by the Dominican Republic, however, this level of education is not compulsory. There are four years of schooling required to complete secondary school and it is for children age 14-18. The four years are split up into two cycles lasting two years each. The first cycle encompasses general and\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10212266\",\n \"text\": \"centuries. The current population of known Jews in the Dominican Republic is close to 3,000, with the majority living in the capital, Santo Domingo, and others residing in Sosúa. Since Jews mixed with those already living in the Dominican Republic, the exact number of Dominicans with Jewish ancestry isn't known. In spite of the Jews intermarriage with the Dominican people already living there, some spouses have formalized their Judaism through conversions and participate in Jewish communal life while other Sephardic Jews converted to Catholicism, still maintaining their Sephardic culture. Some Dominican Jews have also made aliyah to Israel. There are\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["dominican peso"],"string":"[\n \"dominican peso\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1192,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is shoreview mn?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1122024","text":"petition to the Ramsey County Board of Commissioners that called for the incorporation of the Village of Shoreview. This action would separate Shoreview from Mounds View Township. After a bitter dispute, an election was held at the Shamrock Park pavilion and the incorporation of Shoreview was approved by a vote of 853 to 748. April 23, 1957, Shoreview was officially incorporated. The first Mayor of Shoreview, Kenneth Hanold, was elected on May 23, 1957. At this time, Shoreview had a population of 5,231 and an assessed valuation of $1,884,000. (Shoreview now has 26,500 residents and $3.1 billion in total property","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122024\",\n \"text\": \"petition to the Ramsey County Board of Commissioners that called for the incorporation of the Village of Shoreview. This action would separate Shoreview from Mounds View Township. After a bitter dispute, an election was held at the Shamrock Park pavilion and the incorporation of Shoreview was approved by a vote of 853 to 748. April 23, 1957, Shoreview was officially incorporated. The first Mayor of Shoreview, Kenneth Hanold, was elected on May 23, 1957. At this time, Shoreview had a population of 5,231 and an assessed valuation of $1,884,000. (Shoreview now has 26,500 residents and $3.1 billion in total property\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1122028","text":"to adopt the present “Plan B” Council-Manager form of government. 2007 - Shoreview celebrated its golden anniversary with a ceremony at Shamrock Park recognizing residents living in the community since its incorporation. 2011 - Shoreview Maintenance Center renovated/received the LEED Gold Certification by the Green Building Council. This was the first in the nation to be certified under the 2009 LEED rating system and only the fifth city facility in the state to be LEED certified. Mayor Martin received the C.C.Ludwig Award for outstanding service and leadership from the League of Minnesota Cities. Shoreview, Minnesota Shoreview is a city in","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"1122022","text":"Shoreview, was ceded to the United States Government by the Ojibwe. 1850 - In February 1850, Socrates A. Thompson, accompanied by an Indian friend, left Saint Paul in search of a good location for farming. Thompson was the first white person to settle on land that is now within the boundaries of the city of Shoreview. Soon people from Switzerland, England, Ireland, Germany, Vermont, Virginia, Illinois and New York began farming in Shoreview. A well traveled wagon trail passed through Shoreview, with the current location of Shamrock Park being a popular resting place for travelers. 1858 - At one time,","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"4934666","text":"starting in late 1999 before the construction was finished. Upgrades to the first tower were completed in 2000. It now rises 437.7 meters (1436 ft) from the ground. Its geographical coordinates are . Work on the second tower, which rises 438.3 m (1438 ft), was finished in 2001. It is located at . Telefarm Towers Shoreview Telefarm Towers Shoreview is a transmission site for FM radio and television broadcasting in Shoreview, Minnesota consisting of two guyed towers. The towers, commonly called simply the \"Shoreview Towers\" by local residents, are owned by Telefarm, Inc., which is a company jointly owned by","title":"Telefarm Towers Shoreview"},{"psg_id":"4934664","text":"Telefarm Towers Shoreview Telefarm Towers Shoreview is a transmission site for FM radio and television broadcasting in Shoreview, Minnesota consisting of two guyed towers. The towers, commonly called simply the \"Shoreview Towers\" by local residents, are owned by Telefarm, Inc., which is a company jointly owned by the Twin Cities stations WCCO channel 4, KSTP channel 5, and KARE channel 11. The towers are used for both analog and digital television broadcasts, plus the transmission of KSTC channel 45 (owned by the same company as KSTP) and WUCW channel 23. Some area radio stations also use the facility. The towers","title":"Telefarm Towers Shoreview"},{"psg_id":"1122026","text":"At this time, Shoreview’s governing was being done from a restored house and a converted barn near Shamrock Park. 1963 - December 10, 1963, Interstate Highway 694 was opened through Shoreview. The three broadcast towers, located on the north side of Highway 694, were constructed in the early 1970s and have become familiar landmarks in Shoreview and are the tallest structures in Minnesota. Citizens worked to change the form of government, and on November 5, 1963, in order to better deal with the village’s growing population, the citizens of Shoreview voted to shift to a “Plan A” form of government","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"1122023","text":"Shoreview was part of the former Mounds View Township. The name came from a range of hills running through the center of the township. Mounds View Township was organized on May 11, 1858, the same day that Minnesota became a state. 1880 - Later in the 1800s railroad lines expanded to include Shoreview. The first railroad lines in Shoreview, owned by James \"The Puck\" McMillan and his Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway (now Soo Lines) were built in the 1880s. 1957 - On March 14, 1957 a group of citizens, feeling the inadequacy of a township government, presented a","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"1122016","text":"1990s growth slowed as the city matured and less land was available for development. The focus of the city has shifted from new development to infill and redevelopment. Future projections indicate a stable population base. Two nationally recognized public school districts provide educational services to Shoreview residents: District 621 (Mounds View) and District 623 (Roseville). The following institutions are located in Shoreview: St. Odilia’s, a private Catholic school, located next to Island Lake school, has a total enrollment of approximately 550 students in grades K–8. The Shoreview City Council consists of a Mayor and four council members. The Mayor serves","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"18610432","text":"The Innis Arden neighborhood began to be developed on this land after World War II. He donated the land that makes up Shoreview Park to the Shoreline School District. In 1997, the City of Shoreline assumed ownership of both parks. Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park is an park system within Shoreline, Washington. The two parks share an internal border and both border Shoreline Community College. Boeing Creek Park mainly consists of forested areas. Shoreview Park contains recreational facilities including tennis courts, baseball and soccer fields and an off-leash dog area. The upper portion of Boeing","title":"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park"},{"psg_id":"18610429","text":"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park is an park system within Shoreline, Washington. The two parks share an internal border and both border Shoreline Community College. Boeing Creek Park mainly consists of forested areas. Shoreview Park contains recreational facilities including tennis courts, baseball and soccer fields and an off-leash dog area. The upper portion of Boeing Creek flows along the western edge of Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park to Hidden Lake. Boeing Creek park has a largely intact native ecosystem, mostly free of invasive species. Habitats within Boeing Creek Park consist of Conifer forest, Conifer-deciduous forest,","title":"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park"},{"psg_id":"19287892","text":"Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota) Shamrock Park is a public park located in Shoreview, Minnesota, United States. It services the residents of Shoreview as well as the larger Twin Cities community. Shamrock Park has numerous amenities, including picnic shelter, sporting areas (including soccer fields, basketball court, hockey rink, tennis courts and baseball/softball fields), an extensive walking and biking trail system, and a children's playground. Shamrock Park has no lake or creek, although they are available in the adjacent Oakwood Pond. The earliest reference to Shamrock Park is in the late 1840s. The land was then a popular resting place for Native","title":"Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota)"},{"psg_id":"1122017","text":"a two-year term of office, and the council members are elected at–large to serve overlapping four year terms. Shoreview has adopted the Plan B Council/Manager form of government, one of three forms permitted by the Minnesota State Legislature. The Council has policymaking and legislative authority and appoints the City Manager, who is charged with the administration of city business in accordance with council decisions. The Manager has the authority to appoint all employees and is responsible for the development of the annual budget. Land O'Lakes has a corporate office in Shoreview. The majority of FM and television broadcasters in the","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"19287894","text":"a campaign stop by future President Ronald Reagan and many other events such as beer dabblers, weddings, ice skating competitions and frisbee golf tournaments. In 2004, the 3M Pavilion was constructed as part of an extensive park remodel. In 2015 a small gathering of Black Lives Matter protesters demonstrated in the park against recent shootings of unarmed black men. Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota) Shamrock Park is a public park located in Shoreview, Minnesota, United States. It services the residents of Shoreview as well as the larger Twin Cities community. Shamrock Park has numerous amenities, including picnic shelter, sporting areas (including","title":"Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota)"},{"psg_id":"3786562","text":".mn .mn is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mongolia. It is administered by .MN Registry, Datacom. The domain name is composed of the consonants in the first syllable of the country name. The .MN registry is operated under the thick registry model. Administrative, Billing, Technical and Registrant contacts are required. The Redemption Grace Period (RGP) is available for .MN domains. The .mn domain name has been used to represent the U.S. state of Minnesota; an example is the Minnesota Senate () but such use is not official in the state. The .mn domain elsewhere outside Mongolia is","title":".mn"},{"psg_id":"3786564","text":"http://мон.мон became active during that month. .mn .mn is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mongolia. It is administered by .MN Registry, Datacom. The domain name is composed of the consonants in the first syllable of the country name. The .MN registry is operated under the thick registry model. Administrative, Billing, Technical and Registrant contacts are required. The Redemption Grace Period (RGP) is available for .MN domains. The .mn domain name has been used to represent the U.S. state of Minnesota; an example is the Minnesota Senate () but such use is not official in the state. The","title":".mn"},{"psg_id":"14996547","text":"Lake Spur, so the MN&S interchange project is being reexamined. A new study is planned to be complete by the end of the year. Progressive Rail's current Dan Patch Line was also a branch of the MN&S. It led to the southern end of Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis where MN&S interurban passengers could board streetcars operated by the Twin City Rapid Transit Company and continue into downtown. MN&S Spur The MN&S Spur is a railroad line operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway via the company's Soo Line Railroad subsidiary. The route runs through suburbs immediately west of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from","title":"MN&S Spur"},{"psg_id":"1122027","text":"under which the village clerk and treasurer were appointed rather than elected. 1973 - July 17, 1973 community leaders decided it was time to build a City Hall. A referendum was passed by a single vote and a structure was built. This was the site of Shoreview’s government until 1990 when the City Hall and Community Center opened at Shoreview Commons. 1974 - Shoreview changed forms of government once again and became a city on January 1, 1974 through an act of the State Legislature. With a population of over 14,000 at the time, the residents voted in November 1974","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"18610430","text":"deciduous forest, and riparian forest along Boeing Creek. The conifer forest consists Douglas-fir, Western hemlock and Western red cedar trees. There are a number of mature conifers that escaped being logged, with some tall Douglas-fir trees. Salmonberry shrubs are common along the creek. The native species of Sword fern and Stinging nettle are common. Shoreview Park habitats are Conifer-deciduous forest, Conifer-madrone forest, Grassland, Shrubland and developed areas. Twelves acres of Shoreview Park contains invasive species such as Butterfly bush, Scotch broom, Himalayan blackberry, English ivy, and Herb Robert. Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park contain numerous bird species. Great blue heron,","title":"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park"},{"psg_id":"14788123","text":"zone. The immigrant African creodont \"Hyainailouros\" occurs in Europe during MN 4. Among carnivorans, the first occurrences of the mustelid \"Leptoplesictis\" and the saber-toothed \"Prosansanosmilus\" fall in MN 4. MN 4 (biostratigraphy) In biostratigraphy, MN 4 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 3 and followed by MN 5; together, these three zones form the Orleanian age of the middle Miocene. This zone starts within magnetostratigraphic chron C5Dr, at 18 million years ago, and ends within chron C5Cr, at 17.0 million years ago, although","title":"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)"},{"psg_id":"11211787","text":"literature. MN-18 is banned in Sweden. On 15 September 2014 the Turkey government banned the sale of MN-18 MN-18 MN 18 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with \"K\" values of 45.72 nM at CB and 11.098 nM at CB and EC values of 2.028 nM at CB and 1.233 nM at CB, and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is the indazole core analogue of NNE1. Given the known metabolic liberation (and presence as an impurity) of amantadine in the related compound APINACA, it is suspected that metabolic hydrolysis","title":"MN-18"},{"psg_id":"11211786","text":"MN-18 MN 18 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with \"K\" values of 45.72 nM at CB and 11.098 nM at CB and EC values of 2.028 nM at CB and 1.233 nM at CB, and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is the indazole core analogue of NNE1. Given the known metabolic liberation (and presence as an impurity) of amantadine in the related compound APINACA, it is suspected that metabolic hydrolysis of the amide group of MN-18 may release 1-naphthylamine, a known carcinogen. MN-18 metabolism has been described in","title":"MN-18"},{"psg_id":"10062929","text":"2002 MN 2002 MN is the provisional name given to a 73-meter Apollo near-Earth asteroid that on June 14, 2002 missed the Earth by only , about one third the distance to the Moon (0.3 LD). The close approach was second only to the Earth approach by the 10-meter asteroid 1994 XM1. 2002 MN was discovered on June 17, 2002 three days after closest approach. Its mass and relative velocity were in the same general range as the object ascribed to the Tunguska event of 1908, which leveled over of trees in Siberia. 2002 MN has an observation arc of","title":"2002 MN"},{"psg_id":"14788120","text":"MN 4 (biostratigraphy) In biostratigraphy, MN 4 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 3 and followed by MN 5; together, these three zones form the Orleanian age of the middle Miocene. This zone starts within magnetostratigraphic chron C5Dr, at 18 million years ago, and ends within chron C5Cr, at 17.0 million years ago, although some different correlations have been proposed. The reference locality used to correlate faunas with this zone is La Romieu (southwestern France); other localities include Artesilla and Buñol in Spain,","title":"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)"},{"psg_id":"14788182","text":"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone) In biostratigraphy, MN 5 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 4 and followed by MN 6 and is part of the Orleanian age of the middle Miocene. MN 5 starts within magnetostratigraphic chron C5Cr, at 17.0 million years ago, and ends at the start of chron C5Bn.1r, at 15.0 million years ago, although some different correlations have been proposed. The reference locality used to correlate faunas with this zone is Pontlevoy-Thenay in France; other localities include La Retama in","title":"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone)"},{"psg_id":"1122015","text":"years of age or older. The average household size is 2.54 and the average family size is 3.06. In the city, the population is spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females, there are 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.3 males. During the 1970s and the 1980s, Shoreview grew rapidly. Residential dwellings tripled after 1970. During the","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"10062930","text":"53 days with an uncertainty parameter of 6. There is a cumulative 1 in 360,000 chance that the asteroid could impact Earth sometime after 2070. 2002 MN 2002 MN is the provisional name given to a 73-meter Apollo near-Earth asteroid that on June 14, 2002 missed the Earth by only , about one third the distance to the Moon (0.3 LD). The close approach was second only to the Earth approach by the 10-meter asteroid 1994 XM1. 2002 MN was discovered on June 17, 2002 three days after closest approach. Its mass and relative velocity were in the same general","title":"2002 MN"},{"psg_id":"1122021","text":"are owned by the Metropolitan Council Wastewater Services MCWS). Xcel Energy provides electricity and natural gas service to city residents. Along with this, the city maintains 88 miles of residential and collector streets. 1837 - Dakota and Ojibwe Indians once inhabited the area that is now Shoreview. Indian mounds containing human bone fragments, arrowheads, pieces of pottery, and bits of charcoal have been found on Rice Creek near the north shore of Long Lake in nearby New Brighton and in parts of Shamrock Park. In 1837 the land lying between the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers, including what is now","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"14996542","text":"MN&S Spur The MN&S Spur is a railroad line operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway via the company's Soo Line Railroad subsidiary. The route runs through suburbs immediately west of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from MN&S Junction in Crystal south to Auto Club Junction in Bloomington near the Minnesota River. This path is parallel to Minnesota State Highway 100, which is about half a mile east of the rail line. Today's MN&S Spur was originally built starting in 1908 as part of the Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester and Dubuque Electric Traction Company, more commonly known as the Dan Patch Line. That railroad","title":"MN&S Spur"},{"psg_id":"14788184","text":"member of the related extinct family Chalicotheriidae, also appears for the first time. Several artiodactyls, such as the pig \"Conohyus\", the deer \"Heteroprox\" and \"Dicrocerus\", and the musk deer \"Micromeryx\" first appear, and the pigs \"Bunolistriodon\" and \"Aureliachoerus\" and the ruminants \"Amphimoschus\" and \"Lagomeryx\" last appear in MN 5. Two artiodactyl genera, \"Triceromeryx\" and \"Pseudoeotragus\", occur only during MN 5. The primitive artiodactyl \"Cainotherium\" last appears in France and Spain, but persists into MN 6 in Germany. MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone) In biostratigraphy, MN 5 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the","title":"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone)"},{"psg_id":"1122019","text":"has one of the lowest crime rates among similar cities in the metropolitan area. Programs offered are crime prevention, youth mentoring, Neighborhood Watch, lakes & trail patrol and a community-policing project involving citizens. Fire protection services are provided by the Lake Johanna Fire Department, which consists of 70 paid on-call firefighters. The Lake Johanna Fire Department operates four stations. The city owns two stations in Shoreview and shares a third station, located in North Oaks. In early 2008, the city adopted a new Comprehensive Guide Plan that serves as the framework for directing future land use and development decisions. The","title":"Shoreview, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"3773626","text":"into current MN 120 north of I-94 in Maplewood / Oakdale. Old MN 100 then turned west upon County Road F and north along White Bear Avenue to meet up with and concurrent westward with old MN 96 (the section of which is now County Rd 96 in Vadnais Heights and Shoreview). Old MN 100 then turned south briefly along U.S. Highway 8 (US 8, now a city maintained street in New Brighton), then old MN 100 carried on westward along the current routing of I-694 through New Brighton and Fridley to meet back at its present-day northern terminus at","title":"Minnesota State Highway 100"},{"psg_id":"9769301","text":"MN-111 The MN-111 is a Polish air-dropped anti-tank landmine. The mine is designed for use on soft ground. The mine is cylindrical with six spring-loaded fins attached to one end of the mine, with the cylinder drawn to a point at the opposite end which is topped with a small wind vane. The mine is stored with the fins wrapped round the outside of the mine. Once the mine is dropped from the aircraft the fins spring outward, acting as a drag parachute, slowing the rate of descent to a peak speed of about 60 meters per second. As the","title":"MN-111"},{"psg_id":"9769302","text":"mine drops the wind vane spins, generating the power used to arm the mine. The mine is designed to penetrate soft ground up to the fins, which spread out flat across the ground. The mine uses a magnetic influence fuze, which is triggered by the magnetic field of an armoured vehicle. It also has an anti-handling device which triggers the mine if it is disturbed. The warhead is a shaped charge or Misznay-Schardin effect design that the manufacturer claims can penetrate 70 millimeters of armour at a stand-off of half a meter. MN-111 The MN-111 is a Polish air-dropped anti-tank","title":"MN-111"},{"psg_id":"16013587","text":"MN-25 MN-25 (UR-12) is a drug invented by Bristol-Myers Squibb, that acts as a reasonably selective agonist of peripheral cannabinoid receptors. It has moderate affinity for CB receptors with a \"K\" of 11 nM, but 22x lower affinity for the psychoactive CB receptors with a \"K\" of 245 nM. The indole 2-methyl derivative has the ratio of affinities reversed however, with a \"K\" of 8 nM at CB and 29 nM at CB, which contrasts with the usual trend of 2-methyl derivatives having increased selectivity for CB (cf. JWH-018 vs JWH-007, JWH-081 vs JWH-098). Chemically, it is closely related to","title":"MN-25"},{"psg_id":"14788183","text":"Spain, Castelnau-d'Arbieu in France, and Sandelzhausen in Germany. In this zone, the muroid rodent \"Cricetodon\" first appears in western Europe, as do the poorly known \"Lartetomys\" and \"Mixocricetodon\". In the extinct rodent family Eomyidae, the genus \"Ligerimys\" last appears during MN 5, but \"Keramidomys\" and \"Eomyops\" appear as immigrants. The last European marsupial, \"Amphiperatherium\", last appears in France and Spain during MN 5, but persists into MN 6 in Germany. The primate \"Pliopithecus\" first appears during MN 5. The rhinoceroses \"Prosantorhinus\", \"Plesiaceratherium\", \"Hispanotherium\", and \"Gaindatherium\" make their last appearance, but \"Ancylotherium\" and \"Hoploaceratherium\" first appear during MN 5. \"Chalicotherium\", a","title":"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone)"},{"psg_id":"16013588","text":"another indole-3-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid, Org 28611, but with a different cycloalkyl substitution on the carboxamide, and the cyclohexylmethyl group replaced by morpholinylethyl, as in JWH-200 or A-796,260. Early compounds such as these have subsequently led to the development of a large number of related indole-3-carboxamide cannabinoid ligands. MN-25 MN-25 (UR-12) is a drug invented by Bristol-Myers Squibb, that acts as a reasonably selective agonist of peripheral cannabinoid receptors. It has moderate affinity for CB receptors with a \"K\" of 11 nM, but 22x lower affinity for the psychoactive CB receptors with a \"K\" of 245 nM. The indole 2-methyl derivative","title":"MN-25"},{"psg_id":"14788122","text":"the Japanese dormouse (\"Glirulus japonicus\"). The proboscidean genera—members of the group that includes the elephants—\"Archaeobelodon\" and \"Prodeinotherium\" first appear in Europe. The rhinoceros \"Diaceratherium\" last appears in MN 4 and five other rhinoceros genera, \"Plesiaceratherium\", \"Brachypotherium\", \"Lartetotherium\", \"Gaindatherium\", and \"Hispanotherium\", make their first appearance. \"Phyllotillon\", a member of the related extinct family Chalicotheriidae, migrates into Europe during MN 4. Several artiodactyls, such as the pig \"Bunolistriodon\", the tragulid \"Dorcatherium\", the deer-like \"Lagomeryx\", the bovid-like \"Amphimoschus\", and the first true bovid of Europe, \"Eotragus\", first occur during MN 4. The last occurrence of the primitive ruminant \"Amphitragulus\" also falls in this","title":"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)"},{"psg_id":"10378380","text":"MN-121 mine The MN-121 is a Polish scatterable anti-tank mine, externally similar to the German AT-2 mine. The mine is cylindrical with ten wire legs which fold outward to keep the mine upright. The mine uses a magnetic influence fuze, which triggers the mine when a vehicle passes over it. The mine also has an anti-handling device which triggers the mine if it is moved. The mine's warhead is a shaped charge design containing approximately 700 grams of RDX. The manufacturer claims that it is capable of penetrating 60 millimeters of armour at an offset of half a meter. The","title":"MN-121 mine"},{"psg_id":"10378381","text":"mine can be deployed either from aircraft, a specialised mine laying system or 122 mm artillery rockets. When required the mine is ejected from a storage canister, and shortly afterwards a small parachute is opened, which both retards the descent and keeps the mine correctly oriented as it descends. Once the mine lands on the ground the top of the mine is ejected, along with the parachute and the spring-loaded legs bring the mine upright. The mine can be manually programmed to self-destruct after a period of 3, 6, 12, 24 or 96 hours. MN-121 mine The MN-121 is a","title":"MN-121 mine"},{"psg_id":"14788121","text":"Tägernaustrasse-Jona in Switzerland, Erkertshofen 2 and Petersbuch 2 in Germany, Belchatov C in Poland, and Aliveri in Greece. In this zone, the common muroid rodent \"Democricetodon\" immigrates into Europe from Asia, followed shortly after by three other muroids: \"Megacricetodon\", \"Eumyarion\", and \"Anomalomys\". \"Cricetodon\", which later also reaches western Europe, is only present in Greece in MN 4 in Europe. The archaic muroid \"Melissiodon\" last appears in MN 4, as does \"Ligerimys\", a member of the extinct rodent family Eomyidae. The dormouse \"Glirulus\", which occurs in older deposits in Turkey, first appears in Europe; this genus contains a single living species,","title":"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)"},{"psg_id":"16541926","text":"Avenue bridge in Arden Hills, as well as the reconstruction of the Island Lake overpasses just west of Victoria Street in Shoreview. Cities and communities that are involved with this project include New Brighton, Mounds View, Arden Hills, Shoreview, Little Canada, and Vadnais Heights, Minnesota. Construction on the North Central Corridor project began the week of September 19, 2011. Work is expected to be completed in November 2013, at an estimated cost of $185.5 million. Road grading involved in constructing the original Highway 100 (I-694)/US 10/MN 51 interchange was approved in 1956, with actual road construction beginning in 1959. The","title":"I-35W/US 10/I-694 North Central Corridor Reconstruction Project"},{"psg_id":"3786563","text":"used primarily as a domain hack, for example vita.mn (a play on vitamin). Another example is cart.mn (a play on the \"South Park\" character Eric Cartman, which redirects to www.southparkstudios.com). It is also used by various micronations. The following second-level domains registration for free to qualifying entities: .MN Registry signed its zone with DNSSEC, a security technology for the Domain Name System on 18 November 2010. In 2012 a new top domain was registered for Mongolia, intended for domain names in the local language. This top domain is .мон. Registrations for the domain opened in May 2014. The first site","title":".mn"},{"psg_id":"3581982","text":"is either of the following: Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). \"Click on the button in the header to sort each column.\" ISO 3166-2:MN ISO 3166-2:MN is the entry for Mongolia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Mongolia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 capital city and 21 provinces. The capital of","title":"ISO 3166-2:MN"},{"psg_id":"3581981","text":"ISO 3166-2:MN ISO 3166-2:MN is the entry for Mongolia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Mongolia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 capital city and 21 provinces. The capital of the country Ulaanbaatar has special status equal to the provinces. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Mongolia. The second part","title":"ISO 3166-2:MN"},{"psg_id":"14996544","text":"Line Bridge over the Minnesota River. TC&W has trackage rights over the MN&S Spur and purchased the bridge in order to protect what they feel may become a valuable shipping route in the future. Early in 2016, TC&W rehabilitated the Dan Patch Bridge. The MN&S Spur has junctions with four rail lines among three railroad companies: The Canadian Pacific's Paynesville Subdivision in Crystal, the Union Pacific Railroad's Golden Valley Industrial Lead in Golden Valley, CP's Bass Lake Spur in St. Louis Park, and Progressive Rail's Dan Patch Line in Bloomington. The line also crosses over BNSF Railway's Wayzata Subdivision in","title":"MN&S Spur"},{"psg_id":"18610431","text":"Bald eagle, and Pileated woodpecker have been observed within Boeing Creek Park. Rough-skinned newt have been observed along inlets to Boeing Creek. In 1913 William Boeing, founder of the Boeing company, had a mansion built in The Highlands neighborhood, along Boeing Creek. Boeing owned the land that includes today's Shoreview and Boeing Creek Parks. He used the land primarily as a hunting retreat and had a small dam made, creating Hidden Lake which he used as a private fishing pond. In the 1930s Boeing platted and logged north of Boeing Creek and sold the much of his land to developers.","title":"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park"},{"psg_id":"14996545","text":"St. Louis Park, and there used to be a junction between the two lines. There's also a connection with Union Pacific's Mankato Subdivision in Savage, but this is on the inactive segment of track. Twin Cities and Western is the primary operator on the Bass Lake Spur. While it is possible to interchange between the two lines, it is a cumbersome process because of the track layout (as of 2010). A replacement junction has been planned since 1999 or earlier that would allow TC&W trains to make continuous moves onto the MN&S Spur, but those plans stalled for about ten","title":"MN&S Spur"},{"psg_id":"14996543","text":"fell into bankruptcy in less than a decade, but the successor Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway was more successful and operated independently until being acquired by the Soo Line Railroad in 1982. It carried passenger trains and interurbans until 1942. The Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern is the source of the \"MN&S\" name. The old Dan Patch mainline extended south to Northfield, and CP/Soo still own the tracks from Savage to Lakeville. Today, Progressive Rail, Inc. owns the track between Lakeville and Northfield, operating it as their Jesse James Line. The Twin Cities and Western Railroad currently owns the Dan Patch","title":"MN&S Spur"},{"psg_id":"20093349","text":"Every Where Is Some Where Every Where Is Some Where is the second and major label debut studio album by American alternative hip hop recording artist K.Flay. The album was released on April 4, 2017 by Interscope Records and Dan Reynolds' imprint Night Street Records, being the first artist signed to the later as well as the first album released. The album is preceded by the singles \"Blood In the Cut\", \"Black Wave\" and \"High Enough\". The tracks \"Blood in the Cut\", \"Dreamers\", \"You Felt Right\" and \"Hollywood Forever\" were previously released on the \"Crush Me\" EP. At Metacritic, which","title":"Every Where Is Some Where"},{"psg_id":"20093350","text":"assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, it received an average score of 67, based on 5 reviews. The album received two nominations for the 2018 Grammy Awards, for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical and for Best Rock Song (\"Blood in the Cut\"). Credits taken from Qobuz. Every Where Is Some Where Every Where Is Some Where is the second and major label debut studio album by American alternative hip hop recording artist K.Flay. The album was released on April 4, 2017 by Interscope Records and Dan Reynolds' imprint Night Street Records, being the first artist","title":"Every Where Is Some Where"},{"psg_id":"11459426","text":"Where Love Is, God Is \"Where Love Is, God Is\" (sometimes also translated as \"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\" or \"Martin the Cobbler\") is a short story by Russian author Leo Tolstoy. The title references the Catholic hymn Ubi Caritas. One English translation of this short story as translated by Nathan Haskell Dole uses the alternate title translation of \"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\". It was published in the United States under Crowell Company's \"Worth While Booklet\" Series. It was written in 1885. \"Where Love Is, God Is\" is a short story about a shoemaker named","title":"Where Love Is, God Is"},{"psg_id":"2478981","text":"KARE (TV) KARE, virtual and VHF digital channel 11, is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and serving the Twin Cities television market. The station is owned by Tegna Inc. KARE's studios are located on Olson Memorial Highway (MN 55) in Golden Valley, and its transmitter is located in Shoreview, Minnesota. Channel 11 signed on the air in 1953 with its broadcast hours split between WTCN-TV in Minneapolis and WMIN-TV in St. Paul; the WTCN-TV callsign was originally used by the Minneapolis-licensed channel 4 from that station's sign-on in 1949 to 1952; channel 4 changed to","title":"KARE (TV)"},{"psg_id":"15138710","text":"Of The Year in 2008. Paulson was also the trainer and personal mentor for Greco-Roman wrestler, and fellow Anoka alumni, Jake Deitchler as he prepared to compete in the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Paulson went on to be a club coach for the Minnesota Storm and currently is the co-director of the Pinnacle Wrestling School in Shoreview, MN and continues to be a coach for USA Wrestling. In September, 2011, Paulson was named to the inaugural class of the Anoka High School Hall of Fame. Paulson, his wife Rochell, and his three children, Elijah, Abby, and Sydney reside in Anoka.","title":"Brandon Paulson"},{"psg_id":"12144468","text":"General mn-type image filter These filters are electrical wave filters designed using the image method. They are an invention of Otto Zobel at AT&T Corp.. They are a generalisation of the m-type filter in that a transform is applied that modifies the transfer function while keeping the image impedance unchanged. For filters that have only one stopband there is no distinction with the m-type filter. However, for a filter that has multiple stopbands, there is the possibility that the form of the transfer function in each stopband can be different. For instance, it may be required to filter one band","title":"General mn-type image filter"},{"psg_id":"11459433","text":"and the University of Kansas (Bryant C. Freeman). It was adapted made-for-TV movie, \"Winter Thaw\" (2016) for BYUTV, starring John Rhys-Davies, and filmed in Lithuania. The film was produced by Utah-based Kaleidoscope Pictures. The film was directed by Adam Thomas Anderegg and Produced by Russ Kendall. It was screened on BYU TV and can be viewed on demand. It received an Emmy Award in 2017. Where Love Is, God Is \"Where Love Is, God Is\" (sometimes also translated as \"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\" or \"Martin the Cobbler\") is a short story by Russian author Leo Tolstoy. The","title":"Where Love Is, God Is"},{"psg_id":"12144474","text":"frequency \"ω\", then a particularly simple form of the bandpass filter is obtained consisting of just antiresonators coupled by capacitors. This was a popular topology for multi-section band-pass filters due its low component count, particularly of inductors. Many other such reduced forms are possible by setting one of the poles of attenuation to correspond to one of the critical frequencies for various classes of basic filter. General mn-type image filter These filters are electrical wave filters designed using the image method. They are an invention of Otto Zobel at AT&T Corp.. They are a generalisation of the m-type filter in","title":"General mn-type image filter"},{"psg_id":"13684357","text":"Where Is Danny? Where Is Danny? is the sixth studio album by American rapper and producer Danny!. It follow the rapper's 2008 album \"\". \"Where Is Danny?\" was originally titled \"Project X\", but the name was changed shortly before its release. The record—marketed primarily as a lo-fi \"anti-album\"—is a milestone in Danny!'s career, as it is his twelfth release (amidst a vast catalog that also includes instrumental albums, compilations and an EP) yet only his first for Interscope Records after being signed to the label for a little more than half a year. \"Where Is Danny?\" is the first album","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"13775751","text":"Where Is Brooklyn? Where Is Brooklyn? is an album by Don Cherry featuring Henry Grimes, Ed Blackwell, and Pharoah Sanders recorded in 1966 and released on the Blue Note label. The Allmusic review by Steve Huey states: \"\"Where Is Brooklyn?\" is much more about energy and thoughtful group interaction than memorable themes, and so there's just a little something missing in comparison to Cherry's prior albums, even though they did also emphasize the qualities on display here. Nonetheless, it's still a fine record for what it does concentrate on; Sanders is in typically passionate form, and the rest of the","title":"Where Is Brooklyn?"},{"psg_id":"13775752","text":"ensemble members have already honed their interplay to a pretty sharp edge. It's worth hearing, even if it isn't as essential as \"Complete Communion\" or \"Symphony for Improvisers\"\". Free jazz trio The Thing took their name from a track on the album. All compositions by Don Cherry Where Is Brooklyn? Where Is Brooklyn? is an album by Don Cherry featuring Henry Grimes, Ed Blackwell, and Pharoah Sanders recorded in 1966 and released on the Blue Note label. The Allmusic review by Steve Huey states: \"\"Where Is Brooklyn?\" is much more about energy and thoughtful group interaction than memorable themes, and","title":"Where Is Brooklyn?"},{"psg_id":"19265776","text":"on April 6, 2018. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 81% based on 47 reviews and an average rating of 6.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Where Is Kyra?\" rests on Michelle Pfeiffer's magnetically raw performance — and lives up to it with a trenchant, hard-hitting story.\" On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 72 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Where Is Kyra? Where Is Kyra? is a 2017 American drama film directed by Andrew Dosunmu with a screenplay by Darci Picoult and a story by Dosunmu and","title":"Where Is Kyra?"},{"psg_id":"15781009","text":"film \"politically incorrect\", but praised the performance of Christoph Maria Herbst. Claudia Wente also praised the performance of Jürgen Vogel and wrote that he \"played with convincing ease\". won for her performance, while Til Schweiger won Jupiter Award for Best German Actor. Where Is Fred? Where Is Fred? (German: \"Wo ist Fred?\"), also credited as Where Is Fred!?, is a 2006 German film directed by Anno Saul, and produced by and Eberhard Junkersdorf. Written by Ken Daurio, Cinco Paul and Bora Dağtekin, it stars Til Schweiger, Alexandra Maria Lara, Jürgen Vogel and Christoph Maria Herbst. Fred plans to marry his","title":"Where Is Fred?"},{"psg_id":"15781006","text":"Where Is Fred? Where Is Fred? (German: \"Wo ist Fred?\"), also credited as Where Is Fred!?, is a 2006 German film directed by Anno Saul, and produced by and Eberhard Junkersdorf. Written by Ken Daurio, Cinco Paul and Bora Dağtekin, it stars Til Schweiger, Alexandra Maria Lara, Jürgen Vogel and Christoph Maria Herbst. Fred plans to marry his girlfriend Mara, and he proposes her at the sold–out basketball match. Instead of accepting, Mara puts that decision on her spoiled son, Linus. In order to get Linus to like him, Fred decides to give him a basketball from the Linus' favourite","title":"Where Is Fred?"},{"psg_id":"10136708","text":"of \"Oliver!\", \"Where is Love?\" was performed onscreen by Mark Lester, whose singing voice was reportedly dubbed by Kathe Green (the daughter of the film's conductor and musical arranger, Johnny Green), though Lester was actually given credit on the soundtrack album. Where Is Love? \"Where is Love?\" is a song from the Tony Award-winning British musical \"Oliver!\" and the 1968 film \"Oliver!\" based on the novel \"Oliver Twist\" by Charles Dickens. The musical was written by Lionel Bart and was first staged in London's West End in 1960. Oliver Twist, the leading character, sings the song after being thrown into","title":"Where Is Love?"},{"psg_id":"17507917","text":"Home Is Where the Music Is Home Is Where the Music Is is a 1972 jazz and Afrobeat double LP by Hugh Masekela issued by the joint American label Chisa/Blue Thumb Records. The album was included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". Thom Jurek of Allmusic stated \"Home Is Where the Music Is, is a stone spiritual soul-jazz classic, that melds the sound of numerous emerging jazz schools in its pursuit of musical excellence; it succeeds on all counts and is one of the greatest recordings in Hugh Masekela's long career. In a year full","title":"Home Is Where the Music Is"},{"psg_id":"987870","text":"Where Is Everybody? \"Where Is Everybody?\" is the first episode of the American television anthology series \"The Twilight Zone\". It was first broadcast on October 2, 1959. A man finds himself alone on a dirt road, walking towards a diner. Inside he finds a jukebox playing loudly, and a pot of hot coffee on the stove, but there are no other people. He inquires about some breakfast, but no chef or waitress is to be found. He is dressed in an Air Force flight suit but does not remember who he is or how he got there. After leaving the","title":"Where Is Everybody?"},{"psg_id":"13884415","text":"their study of the Chinese language. Where is Mama Where is Mama or Where's Mama (), is a short Chinese animated film produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio in 1960 under the artistic guidance of Te Wei. The narrated film describes the adventures and misadventures of a group of tadpoles in search of their mother. It is one of Te Wei's first attempts to break away from Western style animation and aim for a painterly style influenced by Qi Baishi and more in keeping with native Chinese aesthetic sensibilities. Because of its simple story line and repetitive script it is","title":"Where is Mama"},{"psg_id":"13884414","text":"Where is Mama Where is Mama or Where's Mama (), is a short Chinese animated film produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio in 1960 under the artistic guidance of Te Wei. The narrated film describes the adventures and misadventures of a group of tadpoles in search of their mother. It is one of Te Wei's first attempts to break away from Western style animation and aim for a painterly style influenced by Qi Baishi and more in keeping with native Chinese aesthetic sensibilities. Because of its simple story line and repetitive script it is ideal for children who are beginning","title":"Where is Mama"},{"psg_id":"13684373","text":"were unaware of Danny!'s contribution to a song. While it is uncertain which of these original songs were authorized and by what means they were acquired, it is believed that Danny! managed to compose an entire record of unwitting guest appearances according to a 2012 interview with Complex. After being completed in 2012, the original version of \"Payback\" was shelved in lieu of a partnership with Okayplayer Records, who released a modified version of the album later that year. Where Is Danny? Where Is Danny? is the sixth studio album by American rapper and producer Danny!. It follow the rapper's","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"987885","text":"of this, the story seemed fresh and new and powerful. There was one compromise, but it was made for the purpose of selling the series. Where Is Everybody? \"Where Is Everybody?\" is the first episode of the American television anthology series \"The Twilight Zone\". It was first broadcast on October 2, 1959. A man finds himself alone on a dirt road, walking towards a diner. Inside he finds a jukebox playing loudly, and a pot of hot coffee on the stove, but there are no other people. He inquires about some breakfast, but no chef or waitress is to be","title":"Where Is Everybody?"},{"psg_id":"11296217","text":"during the 1980s. The misinformation about the film being lost is due to the fact that although it was screened at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival, it was withdrawn prior to its official release date in the UK. In May 2013, the film appeared on Netflix streaming. Where Is Parsifal? Where Is Parsifal? is a 1983 British comedy film directed by Henri Helman. It was released in France on 13 April 1983. The cast includes Tony Curtis, Donald Pleasence, Erik Estrada, and Orson Welles. Terence Young has an executive producer credit. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section","title":"Where Is Parsifal?"},{"psg_id":"11296215","text":"Where Is Parsifal? Where Is Parsifal? is a 1983 British comedy film directed by Henri Helman. It was released in France on 13 April 1983. The cast includes Tony Curtis, Donald Pleasence, Erik Estrada, and Orson Welles. Terence Young has an executive producer credit. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival. This was Peter Lawford's final film role before his death the following year. Parsifal Katzenellenbogen (Tony Curtis) is an eccentric hypochondriac who has invented a laser skywriter. Parsifal invites businessmen to his castle in the hopes of selling his invention. Potential","title":"Where Is Parsifal?"},{"psg_id":"10136707","text":"Where Is Love? \"Where is Love?\" is a song from the Tony Award-winning British musical \"Oliver!\" and the 1968 film \"Oliver!\" based on the novel \"Oliver Twist\" by Charles Dickens. The musical was written by Lionel Bart and was first staged in London's West End in 1960. Oliver Twist, the leading character, sings the song after being thrown into the cellar of a funeral parlour for getting into a fight with Noah Claypole, another servant of the undertaker. Later in the show a reprise is sung by Mr Brownlow's housekeeper, Mrs Bedwin. In the 1968 Columbia Pictures musical film version","title":"Where Is Love?"},{"psg_id":"19265774","text":"Where Is Kyra? Where Is Kyra? is a 2017 American drama film directed by Andrew Dosunmu with a screenplay by Darci Picoult and a story by Dosunmu and Picoult. The film stars Michelle Pfeiffer and Kiefer Sutherland. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2017. It was released in a limited release on April 6, 2018, by Great Point Media and Paladin. In Brooklyn, New York, Kyra (Michelle Pfeiffer) loses her job and struggles to survive on her ailing mother's income. As the weeks and months go on, her problems worsen. This leads","title":"Where Is Kyra?"},{"psg_id":"13684359","text":"ultimately winding up—much like his previous three studio albums—on the shortlist for the following year's Grammy Awards nominees. Following a strong interest from Jay-Z in Danny! (and Questlove's inclusion of a modified version of the title track in his 2012 ad campaign for Sonos), the album enjoyed a surge of attention in late 2012 a year after its release (see 2011 in music); Danny! subsequently offered \"Where Is Danny?\" as a free download temporarily despite presence in retail. According to the Village Voice, the title \"Where Is Danny?\" is intended to serve as an allusion to the mystique surrounding both","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"12166615","text":"Chart placings are not from the UK Singles Chart, but from the UK Indie Chart. Where It Is Where It Is is the debut album by British new wave band The Beloved, first released as a vinyl LP in October 1987 on the Flim Flam Productions label. For the initial LP release, a limited number of the albums included a free 7\" EP included with purchase (containing three demo tracks: \"Forever Laughing\", \"Falling on My Face\" and \"The Last Detail\"). The album was then reissued on CD in 1988 as an expanded edition with a different track order, containing most","title":"Where It Is"},{"psg_id":"12166612","text":"Where It Is Where It Is is the debut album by British new wave band The Beloved, first released as a vinyl LP in October 1987 on the Flim Flam Productions label. For the initial LP release, a limited number of the albums included a free 7\" EP included with purchase (containing three demo tracks: \"Forever Laughing\", \"Falling on My Face\" and \"The Last Detail\"). The album was then reissued on CD in 1988 as an expanded edition with a different track order, containing most of the original tracks plus rerecorded versions (for example, \"If Only '88\") and \"A Kiss","title":"Where It Is"},{"psg_id":"13684370","text":"is far more indicative of \"Where Is Danny?\"'s overall sound than \"Just Friends\", and that the latter single will likely not make the album. As the tentative release date loomed closer another song, the aforementioned \"Sloppy Joe, Pt. 1\", was leaked by Danny! through his personal Twitter page. \"Sloppy Joe, Pt. 1\", its sequel and the Von Pea-featured \"Hoedown Showdown\" have also garnered positive reviews, further restoring interest in the oft-delayed project. Upon its release the reception was mostly positive. Taking note of \"Where Is Danny?\"'s \"anti-Top 40\" aesthetic, Prefix Magazine called the album Danny!'s \"gigantic middle-finger to the music","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"987877","text":"on a society in which people were executed when they turned 60, due to their inability to contribute to society—was considered too depressing by network executives. William Self is the network executive who rejected \"The Happy Place\". At first, Serling tried to get him fired, but the next day realized that Mr. Self was right, and came in with \"Where is Everybody?\". From that point on, Serling and Self became fast friends. The basic premise of \"The Happy Place\" was presented in Anthony Trollope's 1882 novel \"The Fixed Period\", which envisaged a college where men retired at 67 and, after","title":"Where Is Everybody?"},{"psg_id":"15781007","text":"team. He poses as a wheelchair–bound fan so that he could get it. But when he catches the ball, he also catches the attention of young, attractive filmmaker Denise, who wants to feature an invalid fan in an image film for the team. Fred has to keep playing his role, while real invalid and really furious fan Ronny might call his bluff at any moment. \"Where Is Fred?\" was released on DVD on 14 May 2007, and on Blu-ray on 21 January 2011. The soundtrack album was released on 17 November 2006 through the Polystar Records. \"Where Is Fred?\" received","title":"Where Is Fred?"},{"psg_id":"13684367","text":"some of the song titles, paying homage to Panic! at the Disco (\"Manic at the Disco\"), The Beatles (\"I Ain't The Walrus\") and actor George Wendt. While production was originally handled by an unnamed former ally, the final version of \"Where Is Danny?\" was entirely produced by Danny! and contains few known samples. Much like the lyrics, the sound and production of this album differs greatly to Danny!'s other releases. After introducing a style fusing jazz and lounge music with \"And I Love H.E.R.\", \"Where is Danny?\" relied on old funk loops, big band samples, children's music and even French","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"13684371","text":"industry\". While noted as a courageous and critically acclaimed effort, \"Where Is Danny?\" was nonetheless largely ignored by mainstream media, due mostly to Danny!'s perpetual lack of a proper record deal and publicity team at the time, but also likely to the abrupt shift in musical direction for Danny!. When \"Where Is Danny?\" was finally given a major label release on Interscope and featured alongside Questlove in a commercial for SONOS, the momentum for the now two-year-old album had dissipated. The perceived apathy to a record he considered his \"fully realized masterpiece\" was Danny!'s tipping point with the industry; it","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"15119641","text":"Home Is Where the Hart Is Home Is Where the Hart Is is a 1987 Canadian film, written and directed by Rex Bromfield. It stars Leslie Nielsen, Eric Christmas, and Martin Mull. A cunning nurse and con artist Belle Haimes (Valri Bromfield) lives with her simpleton of a husband Rex Haimes (Stephen E. Miller) in the Hart Mansion in British Columbia. There she takes care of the invalid, 103-year-old Slim Hart, called \"Pappy\", (Joe Austin) and his wife, Minnie (Enid Saunders) who has been in a coma for some time. Waking up one day, nurse Belle doesn't feel very prone","title":"Home Is Where the Hart Is"},{"psg_id":"15337134","text":"no problem appealing to the 95% of people that haven't heard (and still remember) the Pixies' \"Where Is My Mind?\" and have never experienced a truly exciting live show, and if that's what the band is aiming for, then they are a complete success.\" Where Is My Mind? \"Where Is My Mind?\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies. Although the song was never released as a single, it is one of the band's signature songs. It has been awarded Silver Certification by the BPI for UK singles. \"Where Is My Mind?\" is the seventh track on","title":"Where Is My Mind?"},{"psg_id":"8417730","text":"1980 (Alan Reid, Brian McNeill, Duncan MacGillivray & Ged Foley), playing together with the line-up of 2009 (Alan Reid, Mike Katz, Alasdair White & Sean O'Donnell). Home Is Where the Van Is Home Is Where the Van Is, an album by The Battlefield Band, was released in 1980 on the Temple Records label. The album, the band's U.S. debut, \"continued the Scottish group's affinity for blending modern instrumentation into the country's folk tradition.\" Several songs from the album notably featured band member Ged Foley on the Northumbrian smallpipes. Also appearing on some songs are : The band played the album","title":"Home Is Where the Van Is"},{"psg_id":"8417729","text":"Home Is Where the Van Is Home Is Where the Van Is, an album by The Battlefield Band, was released in 1980 on the Temple Records label. The album, the band's U.S. debut, \"continued the Scottish group's affinity for blending modern instrumentation into the country's folk tradition.\" Several songs from the album notably featured band member Ged Foley on the Northumbrian smallpipes. Also appearing on some songs are : The band played the album in its entirety at the 2009 Celtic Connections, as part of the festival's Classic Albums series. The performance featured the line-up who recorded the album in","title":"Home Is Where the Van Is"},{"psg_id":"17507918","text":"of amazing titles, this is still a standout.\" Miles Keylock of Channel 24 wrote \"Recorded at London's Island Studios a matter of months before his own departure to Guinea these 10 tracks (originally a double LP) find Masekela digging deep into his African jazz heritage. Gone are the patented pop jazz covers, replaced by inquisitive Afro-American conversations that range from rhythm 'n bluesy soaked soul jazz extrapolations on fellow exiled composer Caiphus Semenya's \"The Big Apple\" to freewheeling Cape to Cuba township bop original groovers like \"Maseru\"and the lilting ballad \"Nomali\". Home Is Where the Music Is Home Is Where","title":"Home Is Where the Music Is"},{"psg_id":"15119642","text":"to go back to her dead end job nursing the old couple. She accidentally overhears the night nurse working at the same mansion (Leslie Jones) reading a postcard from the old couple's two twin boys, Martin Hart (Eric Christmas) and Art Hart (Ted Stidder). The postcard tells that the boys will be returning home to their Pappy soon. With that information in mind, Belle starts planning the demise of the old comatosed Mrs. Hart and the kidnapping of Old Pappy but things don't go quite according to plan. Home Is Where the Hart Is Home Is Where the Hart Is","title":"Home Is Where the Hart Is"},{"psg_id":"15337131","text":"Where Is My Mind? \"Where Is My Mind?\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies. Although the song was never released as a single, it is one of the band's signature songs. It has been awarded Silver Certification by the BPI for UK singles. \"Where Is My Mind?\" is the seventh track on the Pixies' 1988 debut album \"Surfer Rosa\". The song was written by frontman Black Francis while he attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst, inspired by his experiences while scuba diving in the Caribbean. He later said he had \"this very small fish trying to","title":"Where Is My Mind?"},{"psg_id":"11893662","text":"Where Is the Love? \"Where Is the Love?\" is a song by American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas. It was released in June 2003 as the lead single from their third album, \"Elephunk\". The song was written by will.i.am, apl.de.ap, Taboo, Justin Timberlake, Printz Board, Michael Fratantuno and George Pajon. The track features vocals from Timberlake, although he is not officially credited on the single release. It was the group's first song to feature singer Fergie as an official member. \"Where Is the Love?\" saw success on radio airplay charts, peaked at number eight on the US \"Billboard\"","title":"Where Is the Love?"},{"psg_id":"15903463","text":"Where the Power Is Where the Power Is is the fifth and most recent album by the English psychedelic rock band Poisoned Electrick Head, and their first following major line-up changes and an eight-year hiatus spanning the late 1990s and early 2000s. According to the band, the 13-track album is the first in a planned CD quadrology \"bringing to light the rise & transformation of The Jedder, a multi-faceted conundrum of a man who finds the reason and purpose of his own existence hard to swallow,yet cant run from himself any longer.\" \"Where the Power Is\" features guest appearance from","title":"Where the Power Is"},{"psg_id":"5352172","text":"Where the Action Is Where the Action Is is a music-based television variety show that aired in the United States from 1965 to 1967. It was carried by the ABC network and aired each weekday afternoon. Created by Dick Clark as a spin-off of \"American Bandstand\", \"Where the Action Is\" premiered on June 27, 1965. The show was another step in the then-current trend of entertainment programs that targeted the teenage audience by focusing on pop music, following in the footsteps set by \"Shindig!\" (premiered in the fall of 1964, also on ABC) and \"Hullabaloo\" (premiered January 1965 on NBC).","title":"Where the Action Is"},{"psg_id":"16749844","text":"torch glasses. Where Is It Going? \"Where Is It Going?\" is a 2012 single by Orbital, taken from the album \"Wonky\". The track was released as a three track download only single on 28 August 2012. A medley of \"Where Is It Going?\" and Ian Dury's \"Spasticus Autisticus\" was performed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony. Orbital performed with the Graeae Theatre Company with John Kelly reprising the Ian Dury performance. The version in the ceremony featured a sample of Professor Stephen Hawking's voice saying \"transform our perceptions\". Hawking joined the band on stage during the performance and wore","title":"Where Is It Going?"},{"psg_id":"16749843","text":"Where Is It Going? \"Where Is It Going?\" is a 2012 single by Orbital, taken from the album \"Wonky\". The track was released as a three track download only single on 28 August 2012. A medley of \"Where Is It Going?\" and Ian Dury's \"Spasticus Autisticus\" was performed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony. Orbital performed with the Graeae Theatre Company with John Kelly reprising the Ian Dury performance. The version in the ceremony featured a sample of Professor Stephen Hawking's voice saying \"transform our perceptions\". Hawking joined the band on stage during the performance and wore their trademark","title":"Where Is It Going?"},{"psg_id":"16571623","text":"Where Is My Heart? Where is my Heart? is a platform video game developed by Danish studios Schulenburg Software and Die Gute Fabrik. It was released as a PlayStation mini on the PlayStation Network in North America on November 8, 2011 and Europe on November 16, 2011. On March 2, 2012, Die Gute Fabrik announced plans to release the game for Windows, macOS, and Linux in the spring of 2012, a date which was pushed back, eventually seeing the Windows and macOS versions released on May 29, 2014, with the Linux version \"still on the way…\". \"Where is my Heart?\"","title":"Where Is My Heart?"},{"psg_id":"13682744","text":"Where Is My Castle Where Is My Castle is the fourteenth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith. The album was released in January 1971 by RCA Records and was produced by Bob Ferguson. The album's title track became a major hit in 1971, peaking in the \"Billboard\" Country Top 20. \"Where Is My Castle\" consisted of ten tracks of newly recorded material by Connie Smith. The album featured two cover versions of songs by Conway Twitty: \"I'm So Used to Loving You\" and \"Hello Darlin'.\" In addition, the album also included covers of Loretta Lynn's \"Before I'm","title":"Where Is My Castle"},{"psg_id":"11893667","text":"release, the song re-entered the official UK singles charts at 40, eventually peaking at 35. The music video for \"Where Is the Love?\" was shot in East Los Angeles and features The Black Eyed Peas and various other people, including various young children, asking the world where the love really is. In the video, will.i.am and Taboo act as a soul music road duo who use music to tell people what is wrong with the world, Fergie appears as a peacemaker who places stickers with question marks on them all over the place to ask people where the love is","title":"Where Is the Love?"},{"psg_id":"12458891","text":"the song made the Top 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play chart, peaking at number 7 and remaining on the survey for 14 weeks. Where Is My Man \"Where Is My Man\" is a song from 1983 by the American singer and actress Eartha Kitt, which appeared on her 1984 album \"I Love Men\". The song was co-written by comedy writer Bruce Vilanch along with musicians and producers Fred Zarr and Jacques Morali. The song was first released in France as a single where it was wildly successful. The song features Kitt singing in a low, seductive-sounding voice.","title":"Where Is My Man"},{"psg_id":"12458888","text":"Where Is My Man \"Where Is My Man\" is a song from 1983 by the American singer and actress Eartha Kitt, which appeared on her 1984 album \"I Love Men\". The song was co-written by comedy writer Bruce Vilanch along with musicians and producers Fred Zarr and Jacques Morali. The song was first released in France as a single where it was wildly successful. The song features Kitt singing in a low, seductive-sounding voice. Included in the song are some sounds that have come to be associated with Kitt, including a purring sound similar to one she made while portraying","title":"Where Is My Man"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122028\",\n \"text\": \"to adopt the present “Plan B” Council-Manager form of government. 2007 - Shoreview celebrated its golden anniversary with a ceremony at Shamrock Park recognizing residents living in the community since its incorporation. 2011 - Shoreview Maintenance Center renovated/received the LEED Gold Certification by the Green Building Council. This was the first in the nation to be certified under the 2009 LEED rating system and only the fifth city facility in the state to be LEED certified. Mayor Martin received the C.C.Ludwig Award for outstanding service and leadership from the League of Minnesota Cities. Shoreview, Minnesota Shoreview is a city in\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122022\",\n \"text\": \"Shoreview, was ceded to the United States Government by the Ojibwe. 1850 - In February 1850, Socrates A. Thompson, accompanied by an Indian friend, left Saint Paul in search of a good location for farming. Thompson was the first white person to settle on land that is now within the boundaries of the city of Shoreview. Soon people from Switzerland, England, Ireland, Germany, Vermont, Virginia, Illinois and New York began farming in Shoreview. A well traveled wagon trail passed through Shoreview, with the current location of Shamrock Park being a popular resting place for travelers. 1858 - At one time,\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4934666\",\n \"text\": \"starting in late 1999 before the construction was finished. Upgrades to the first tower were completed in 2000. It now rises 437.7 meters (1436 ft) from the ground. Its geographical coordinates are . Work on the second tower, which rises 438.3 m (1438 ft), was finished in 2001. It is located at . Telefarm Towers Shoreview Telefarm Towers Shoreview is a transmission site for FM radio and television broadcasting in Shoreview, Minnesota consisting of two guyed towers. The towers, commonly called simply the \\\"Shoreview Towers\\\" by local residents, are owned by Telefarm, Inc., which is a company jointly owned by\",\n \"title\": \"Telefarm Towers Shoreview\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4934664\",\n \"text\": \"Telefarm Towers Shoreview Telefarm Towers Shoreview is a transmission site for FM radio and television broadcasting in Shoreview, Minnesota consisting of two guyed towers. The towers, commonly called simply the \\\"Shoreview Towers\\\" by local residents, are owned by Telefarm, Inc., which is a company jointly owned by the Twin Cities stations WCCO channel 4, KSTP channel 5, and KARE channel 11. The towers are used for both analog and digital television broadcasts, plus the transmission of KSTC channel 45 (owned by the same company as KSTP) and WUCW channel 23. Some area radio stations also use the facility. The towers\",\n \"title\": \"Telefarm Towers Shoreview\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122026\",\n \"text\": \"At this time, Shoreview’s governing was being done from a restored house and a converted barn near Shamrock Park. 1963 - December 10, 1963, Interstate Highway 694 was opened through Shoreview. The three broadcast towers, located on the north side of Highway 694, were constructed in the early 1970s and have become familiar landmarks in Shoreview and are the tallest structures in Minnesota. Citizens worked to change the form of government, and on November 5, 1963, in order to better deal with the village’s growing population, the citizens of Shoreview voted to shift to a “Plan A” form of government\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122023\",\n \"text\": \"Shoreview was part of the former Mounds View Township. The name came from a range of hills running through the center of the township. Mounds View Township was organized on May 11, 1858, the same day that Minnesota became a state. 1880 - Later in the 1800s railroad lines expanded to include Shoreview. The first railroad lines in Shoreview, owned by James \\\"The Puck\\\" McMillan and his Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway (now Soo Lines) were built in the 1880s. 1957 - On March 14, 1957 a group of citizens, feeling the inadequacy of a township government, presented a\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122016\",\n \"text\": \"1990s growth slowed as the city matured and less land was available for development. The focus of the city has shifted from new development to infill and redevelopment. Future projections indicate a stable population base. Two nationally recognized public school districts provide educational services to Shoreview residents: District 621 (Mounds View) and District 623 (Roseville). The following institutions are located in Shoreview: St. Odilia’s, a private Catholic school, located next to Island Lake school, has a total enrollment of approximately 550 students in grades K–8. The Shoreview City Council consists of a Mayor and four council members. The Mayor serves\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18610432\",\n \"text\": \"The Innis Arden neighborhood began to be developed on this land after World War II. He donated the land that makes up Shoreview Park to the Shoreline School District. In 1997, the City of Shoreline assumed ownership of both parks. Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park is an park system within Shoreline, Washington. The two parks share an internal border and both border Shoreline Community College. Boeing Creek Park mainly consists of forested areas. Shoreview Park contains recreational facilities including tennis courts, baseball and soccer fields and an off-leash dog area. The upper portion of Boeing\",\n \"title\": \"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18610429\",\n \"text\": \"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park is an park system within Shoreline, Washington. The two parks share an internal border and both border Shoreline Community College. Boeing Creek Park mainly consists of forested areas. Shoreview Park contains recreational facilities including tennis courts, baseball and soccer fields and an off-leash dog area. The upper portion of Boeing Creek flows along the western edge of Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park to Hidden Lake. Boeing Creek park has a largely intact native ecosystem, mostly free of invasive species. Habitats within Boeing Creek Park consist of Conifer forest, Conifer-deciduous forest,\",\n \"title\": \"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19287892\",\n \"text\": \"Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota) Shamrock Park is a public park located in Shoreview, Minnesota, United States. It services the residents of Shoreview as well as the larger Twin Cities community. Shamrock Park has numerous amenities, including picnic shelter, sporting areas (including soccer fields, basketball court, hockey rink, tennis courts and baseball/softball fields), an extensive walking and biking trail system, and a children's playground. Shamrock Park has no lake or creek, although they are available in the adjacent Oakwood Pond. The earliest reference to Shamrock Park is in the late 1840s. The land was then a popular resting place for Native\",\n \"title\": \"Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122017\",\n \"text\": \"a two-year term of office, and the council members are elected at–large to serve overlapping four year terms. Shoreview has adopted the Plan B Council/Manager form of government, one of three forms permitted by the Minnesota State Legislature. The Council has policymaking and legislative authority and appoints the City Manager, who is charged with the administration of city business in accordance with council decisions. The Manager has the authority to appoint all employees and is responsible for the development of the annual budget. Land O'Lakes has a corporate office in Shoreview. The majority of FM and television broadcasters in the\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19287894\",\n \"text\": \"a campaign stop by future President Ronald Reagan and many other events such as beer dabblers, weddings, ice skating competitions and frisbee golf tournaments. In 2004, the 3M Pavilion was constructed as part of an extensive park remodel. In 2015 a small gathering of Black Lives Matter protesters demonstrated in the park against recent shootings of unarmed black men. Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota) Shamrock Park is a public park located in Shoreview, Minnesota, United States. It services the residents of Shoreview as well as the larger Twin Cities community. Shamrock Park has numerous amenities, including picnic shelter, sporting areas (including\",\n \"title\": \"Shamrock Park (Shoreview, Minnesota)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3786562\",\n \"text\": \".mn .mn is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mongolia. It is administered by .MN Registry, Datacom. The domain name is composed of the consonants in the first syllable of the country name. The .MN registry is operated under the thick registry model. Administrative, Billing, Technical and Registrant contacts are required. The Redemption Grace Period (RGP) is available for .MN domains. The .mn domain name has been used to represent the U.S. state of Minnesota; an example is the Minnesota Senate () but such use is not official in the state. The .mn domain elsewhere outside Mongolia is\",\n \"title\": \".mn\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3786564\",\n \"text\": \"http://мон.мон became active during that month. .mn .mn is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mongolia. It is administered by .MN Registry, Datacom. The domain name is composed of the consonants in the first syllable of the country name. The .MN registry is operated under the thick registry model. Administrative, Billing, Technical and Registrant contacts are required. The Redemption Grace Period (RGP) is available for .MN domains. The .mn domain name has been used to represent the U.S. state of Minnesota; an example is the Minnesota Senate () but such use is not official in the state. The\",\n \"title\": \".mn\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14996547\",\n \"text\": \"Lake Spur, so the MN&S interchange project is being reexamined. A new study is planned to be complete by the end of the year. Progressive Rail's current Dan Patch Line was also a branch of the MN&S. It led to the southern end of Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis where MN&S interurban passengers could board streetcars operated by the Twin City Rapid Transit Company and continue into downtown. MN&S Spur The MN&S Spur is a railroad line operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway via the company's Soo Line Railroad subsidiary. The route runs through suburbs immediately west of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from\",\n \"title\": \"MN&S Spur\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122027\",\n \"text\": \"under which the village clerk and treasurer were appointed rather than elected. 1973 - July 17, 1973 community leaders decided it was time to build a City Hall. A referendum was passed by a single vote and a structure was built. This was the site of Shoreview’s government until 1990 when the City Hall and Community Center opened at Shoreview Commons. 1974 - Shoreview changed forms of government once again and became a city on January 1, 1974 through an act of the State Legislature. With a population of over 14,000 at the time, the residents voted in November 1974\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18610430\",\n \"text\": \"deciduous forest, and riparian forest along Boeing Creek. The conifer forest consists Douglas-fir, Western hemlock and Western red cedar trees. There are a number of mature conifers that escaped being logged, with some tall Douglas-fir trees. Salmonberry shrubs are common along the creek. The native species of Sword fern and Stinging nettle are common. Shoreview Park habitats are Conifer-deciduous forest, Conifer-madrone forest, Grassland, Shrubland and developed areas. Twelves acres of Shoreview Park contains invasive species such as Butterfly bush, Scotch broom, Himalayan blackberry, English ivy, and Herb Robert. Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park contain numerous bird species. Great blue heron,\",\n \"title\": \"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14788123\",\n \"text\": \"zone. The immigrant African creodont \\\"Hyainailouros\\\" occurs in Europe during MN 4. Among carnivorans, the first occurrences of the mustelid \\\"Leptoplesictis\\\" and the saber-toothed \\\"Prosansanosmilus\\\" fall in MN 4. MN 4 (biostratigraphy) In biostratigraphy, MN 4 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 3 and followed by MN 5; together, these three zones form the Orleanian age of the middle Miocene. This zone starts within magnetostratigraphic chron C5Dr, at 18 million years ago, and ends within chron C5Cr, at 17.0 million years ago, although\",\n \"title\": \"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11211787\",\n \"text\": \"literature. MN-18 is banned in Sweden. On 15 September 2014 the Turkey government banned the sale of MN-18 MN-18 MN 18 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with \\\"K\\\" values of 45.72 nM at CB and 11.098 nM at CB and EC values of 2.028 nM at CB and 1.233 nM at CB, and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is the indazole core analogue of NNE1. Given the known metabolic liberation (and presence as an impurity) of amantadine in the related compound APINACA, it is suspected that metabolic hydrolysis\",\n \"title\": \"MN-18\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11211786\",\n \"text\": \"MN-18 MN 18 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with \\\"K\\\" values of 45.72 nM at CB and 11.098 nM at CB and EC values of 2.028 nM at CB and 1.233 nM at CB, and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is the indazole core analogue of NNE1. Given the known metabolic liberation (and presence as an impurity) of amantadine in the related compound APINACA, it is suspected that metabolic hydrolysis of the amide group of MN-18 may release 1-naphthylamine, a known carcinogen. MN-18 metabolism has been described in\",\n \"title\": \"MN-18\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10062929\",\n \"text\": \"2002 MN 2002 MN is the provisional name given to a 73-meter Apollo near-Earth asteroid that on June 14, 2002 missed the Earth by only , about one third the distance to the Moon (0.3 LD). The close approach was second only to the Earth approach by the 10-meter asteroid 1994 XM1. 2002 MN was discovered on June 17, 2002 three days after closest approach. Its mass and relative velocity were in the same general range as the object ascribed to the Tunguska event of 1908, which leveled over of trees in Siberia. 2002 MN has an observation arc of\",\n \"title\": \"2002 MN\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14788120\",\n \"text\": \"MN 4 (biostratigraphy) In biostratigraphy, MN 4 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 3 and followed by MN 5; together, these three zones form the Orleanian age of the middle Miocene. This zone starts within magnetostratigraphic chron C5Dr, at 18 million years ago, and ends within chron C5Cr, at 17.0 million years ago, although some different correlations have been proposed. The reference locality used to correlate faunas with this zone is La Romieu (southwestern France); other localities include Artesilla and Buñol in Spain,\",\n \"title\": \"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14788182\",\n \"text\": \"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone) In biostratigraphy, MN 5 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 4 and followed by MN 6 and is part of the Orleanian age of the middle Miocene. MN 5 starts within magnetostratigraphic chron C5Cr, at 17.0 million years ago, and ends at the start of chron C5Bn.1r, at 15.0 million years ago, although some different correlations have been proposed. The reference locality used to correlate faunas with this zone is Pontlevoy-Thenay in France; other localities include La Retama in\",\n \"title\": \"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122015\",\n \"text\": \"years of age or older. The average household size is 2.54 and the average family size is 3.06. In the city, the population is spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females, there are 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.3 males. During the 1970s and the 1980s, Shoreview grew rapidly. Residential dwellings tripled after 1970. During the\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10062930\",\n \"text\": \"53 days with an uncertainty parameter of 6. There is a cumulative 1 in 360,000 chance that the asteroid could impact Earth sometime after 2070. 2002 MN 2002 MN is the provisional name given to a 73-meter Apollo near-Earth asteroid that on June 14, 2002 missed the Earth by only , about one third the distance to the Moon (0.3 LD). The close approach was second only to the Earth approach by the 10-meter asteroid 1994 XM1. 2002 MN was discovered on June 17, 2002 three days after closest approach. Its mass and relative velocity were in the same general\",\n \"title\": \"2002 MN\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122021\",\n \"text\": \"are owned by the Metropolitan Council Wastewater Services MCWS). Xcel Energy provides electricity and natural gas service to city residents. Along with this, the city maintains 88 miles of residential and collector streets. 1837 - Dakota and Ojibwe Indians once inhabited the area that is now Shoreview. Indian mounds containing human bone fragments, arrowheads, pieces of pottery, and bits of charcoal have been found on Rice Creek near the north shore of Long Lake in nearby New Brighton and in parts of Shamrock Park. In 1837 the land lying between the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers, including what is now\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14996542\",\n \"text\": \"MN&S Spur The MN&S Spur is a railroad line operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway via the company's Soo Line Railroad subsidiary. The route runs through suburbs immediately west of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from MN&S Junction in Crystal south to Auto Club Junction in Bloomington near the Minnesota River. This path is parallel to Minnesota State Highway 100, which is about half a mile east of the rail line. Today's MN&S Spur was originally built starting in 1908 as part of the Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester and Dubuque Electric Traction Company, more commonly known as the Dan Patch Line. That railroad\",\n \"title\": \"MN&S Spur\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14788184\",\n \"text\": \"member of the related extinct family Chalicotheriidae, also appears for the first time. Several artiodactyls, such as the pig \\\"Conohyus\\\", the deer \\\"Heteroprox\\\" and \\\"Dicrocerus\\\", and the musk deer \\\"Micromeryx\\\" first appear, and the pigs \\\"Bunolistriodon\\\" and \\\"Aureliachoerus\\\" and the ruminants \\\"Amphimoschus\\\" and \\\"Lagomeryx\\\" last appear in MN 5. Two artiodactyl genera, \\\"Triceromeryx\\\" and \\\"Pseudoeotragus\\\", occur only during MN 5. The primitive artiodactyl \\\"Cainotherium\\\" last appears in France and Spain, but persists into MN 6 in Germany. MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone) In biostratigraphy, MN 5 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the\",\n \"title\": \"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122019\",\n \"text\": \"has one of the lowest crime rates among similar cities in the metropolitan area. Programs offered are crime prevention, youth mentoring, Neighborhood Watch, lakes & trail patrol and a community-policing project involving citizens. Fire protection services are provided by the Lake Johanna Fire Department, which consists of 70 paid on-call firefighters. The Lake Johanna Fire Department operates four stations. The city owns two stations in Shoreview and shares a third station, located in North Oaks. In early 2008, the city adopted a new Comprehensive Guide Plan that serves as the framework for directing future land use and development decisions. The\",\n \"title\": \"Shoreview, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3773626\",\n \"text\": \"into current MN 120 north of I-94 in Maplewood / Oakdale. Old MN 100 then turned west upon County Road F and north along White Bear Avenue to meet up with and concurrent westward with old MN 96 (the section of which is now County Rd 96 in Vadnais Heights and Shoreview). Old MN 100 then turned south briefly along U.S. Highway 8 (US 8, now a city maintained street in New Brighton), then old MN 100 carried on westward along the current routing of I-694 through New Brighton and Fridley to meet back at its present-day northern terminus at\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota State Highway 100\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9769301\",\n \"text\": \"MN-111 The MN-111 is a Polish air-dropped anti-tank landmine. The mine is designed for use on soft ground. The mine is cylindrical with six spring-loaded fins attached to one end of the mine, with the cylinder drawn to a point at the opposite end which is topped with a small wind vane. The mine is stored with the fins wrapped round the outside of the mine. Once the mine is dropped from the aircraft the fins spring outward, acting as a drag parachute, slowing the rate of descent to a peak speed of about 60 meters per second. As the\",\n \"title\": \"MN-111\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9769302\",\n \"text\": \"mine drops the wind vane spins, generating the power used to arm the mine. The mine is designed to penetrate soft ground up to the fins, which spread out flat across the ground. The mine uses a magnetic influence fuze, which is triggered by the magnetic field of an armoured vehicle. It also has an anti-handling device which triggers the mine if it is disturbed. The warhead is a shaped charge or Misznay-Schardin effect design that the manufacturer claims can penetrate 70 millimeters of armour at a stand-off of half a meter. MN-111 The MN-111 is a Polish air-dropped anti-tank\",\n \"title\": \"MN-111\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16013587\",\n \"text\": \"MN-25 MN-25 (UR-12) is a drug invented by Bristol-Myers Squibb, that acts as a reasonably selective agonist of peripheral cannabinoid receptors. It has moderate affinity for CB receptors with a \\\"K\\\" of 11 nM, but 22x lower affinity for the psychoactive CB receptors with a \\\"K\\\" of 245 nM. The indole 2-methyl derivative has the ratio of affinities reversed however, with a \\\"K\\\" of 8 nM at CB and 29 nM at CB, which contrasts with the usual trend of 2-methyl derivatives having increased selectivity for CB (cf. JWH-018 vs JWH-007, JWH-081 vs JWH-098). Chemically, it is closely related to\",\n \"title\": \"MN-25\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14788183\",\n \"text\": \"Spain, Castelnau-d'Arbieu in France, and Sandelzhausen in Germany. In this zone, the muroid rodent \\\"Cricetodon\\\" first appears in western Europe, as do the poorly known \\\"Lartetomys\\\" and \\\"Mixocricetodon\\\". In the extinct rodent family Eomyidae, the genus \\\"Ligerimys\\\" last appears during MN 5, but \\\"Keramidomys\\\" and \\\"Eomyops\\\" appear as immigrants. The last European marsupial, \\\"Amphiperatherium\\\", last appears in France and Spain during MN 5, but persists into MN 6 in Germany. The primate \\\"Pliopithecus\\\" first appears during MN 5. The rhinoceroses \\\"Prosantorhinus\\\", \\\"Plesiaceratherium\\\", \\\"Hispanotherium\\\", and \\\"Gaindatherium\\\" make their last appearance, but \\\"Ancylotherium\\\" and \\\"Hoploaceratherium\\\" first appear during MN 5. \\\"Chalicotherium\\\", a\",\n \"title\": \"MN 5 (biostratigraphic zone)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16013588\",\n \"text\": \"another indole-3-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid, Org 28611, but with a different cycloalkyl substitution on the carboxamide, and the cyclohexylmethyl group replaced by morpholinylethyl, as in JWH-200 or A-796,260. Early compounds such as these have subsequently led to the development of a large number of related indole-3-carboxamide cannabinoid ligands. MN-25 MN-25 (UR-12) is a drug invented by Bristol-Myers Squibb, that acts as a reasonably selective agonist of peripheral cannabinoid receptors. It has moderate affinity for CB receptors with a \\\"K\\\" of 11 nM, but 22x lower affinity for the psychoactive CB receptors with a \\\"K\\\" of 245 nM. The indole 2-methyl derivative\",\n \"title\": \"MN-25\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14788122\",\n \"text\": \"the Japanese dormouse (\\\"Glirulus japonicus\\\"). The proboscidean genera—members of the group that includes the elephants—\\\"Archaeobelodon\\\" and \\\"Prodeinotherium\\\" first appear in Europe. The rhinoceros \\\"Diaceratherium\\\" last appears in MN 4 and five other rhinoceros genera, \\\"Plesiaceratherium\\\", \\\"Brachypotherium\\\", \\\"Lartetotherium\\\", \\\"Gaindatherium\\\", and \\\"Hispanotherium\\\", make their first appearance. \\\"Phyllotillon\\\", a member of the related extinct family Chalicotheriidae, migrates into Europe during MN 4. Several artiodactyls, such as the pig \\\"Bunolistriodon\\\", the tragulid \\\"Dorcatherium\\\", the deer-like \\\"Lagomeryx\\\", the bovid-like \\\"Amphimoschus\\\", and the first true bovid of Europe, \\\"Eotragus\\\", first occur during MN 4. The last occurrence of the primitive ruminant \\\"Amphitragulus\\\" also falls in this\",\n \"title\": \"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10378380\",\n \"text\": \"MN-121 mine The MN-121 is a Polish scatterable anti-tank mine, externally similar to the German AT-2 mine. The mine is cylindrical with ten wire legs which fold outward to keep the mine upright. The mine uses a magnetic influence fuze, which triggers the mine when a vehicle passes over it. The mine also has an anti-handling device which triggers the mine if it is moved. The mine's warhead is a shaped charge design containing approximately 700 grams of RDX. The manufacturer claims that it is capable of penetrating 60 millimeters of armour at an offset of half a meter. The\",\n \"title\": \"MN-121 mine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10378381\",\n \"text\": \"mine can be deployed either from aircraft, a specialised mine laying system or 122 mm artillery rockets. When required the mine is ejected from a storage canister, and shortly afterwards a small parachute is opened, which both retards the descent and keeps the mine correctly oriented as it descends. Once the mine lands on the ground the top of the mine is ejected, along with the parachute and the spring-loaded legs bring the mine upright. The mine can be manually programmed to self-destruct after a period of 3, 6, 12, 24 or 96 hours. MN-121 mine The MN-121 is a\",\n \"title\": \"MN-121 mine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14788121\",\n \"text\": \"Tägernaustrasse-Jona in Switzerland, Erkertshofen 2 and Petersbuch 2 in Germany, Belchatov C in Poland, and Aliveri in Greece. In this zone, the common muroid rodent \\\"Democricetodon\\\" immigrates into Europe from Asia, followed shortly after by three other muroids: \\\"Megacricetodon\\\", \\\"Eumyarion\\\", and \\\"Anomalomys\\\". \\\"Cricetodon\\\", which later also reaches western Europe, is only present in Greece in MN 4 in Europe. The archaic muroid \\\"Melissiodon\\\" last appears in MN 4, as does \\\"Ligerimys\\\", a member of the extinct rodent family Eomyidae. The dormouse \\\"Glirulus\\\", which occurs in older deposits in Turkey, first appears in Europe; this genus contains a single living species,\",\n \"title\": \"MN 4 (biostratigraphy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16541926\",\n \"text\": \"Avenue bridge in Arden Hills, as well as the reconstruction of the Island Lake overpasses just west of Victoria Street in Shoreview. Cities and communities that are involved with this project include New Brighton, Mounds View, Arden Hills, Shoreview, Little Canada, and Vadnais Heights, Minnesota. Construction on the North Central Corridor project began the week of September 19, 2011. Work is expected to be completed in November 2013, at an estimated cost of $185.5 million. Road grading involved in constructing the original Highway 100 (I-694)/US 10/MN 51 interchange was approved in 1956, with actual road construction beginning in 1959. The\",\n \"title\": \"I-35W/US 10/I-694 North Central Corridor Reconstruction Project\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3786563\",\n \"text\": \"used primarily as a domain hack, for example vita.mn (a play on vitamin). Another example is cart.mn (a play on the \\\"South Park\\\" character Eric Cartman, which redirects to www.southparkstudios.com). It is also used by various micronations. The following second-level domains registration for free to qualifying entities: .MN Registry signed its zone with DNSSEC, a security technology for the Domain Name System on 18 November 2010. In 2012 a new top domain was registered for Mongolia, intended for domain names in the local language. This top domain is .мон. Registrations for the domain opened in May 2014. The first site\",\n \"title\": \".mn\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3581982\",\n \"text\": \"is either of the following: Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). \\\"Click on the button in the header to sort each column.\\\" ISO 3166-2:MN ISO 3166-2:MN is the entry for Mongolia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Mongolia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 capital city and 21 provinces. The capital of\",\n \"title\": \"ISO 3166-2:MN\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3581981\",\n \"text\": \"ISO 3166-2:MN ISO 3166-2:MN is the entry for Mongolia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Mongolia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 capital city and 21 provinces. The capital of the country Ulaanbaatar has special status equal to the provinces. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Mongolia. The second part\",\n \"title\": \"ISO 3166-2:MN\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14996544\",\n \"text\": \"Line Bridge over the Minnesota River. TC&W has trackage rights over the MN&S Spur and purchased the bridge in order to protect what they feel may become a valuable shipping route in the future. Early in 2016, TC&W rehabilitated the Dan Patch Bridge. The MN&S Spur has junctions with four rail lines among three railroad companies: The Canadian Pacific's Paynesville Subdivision in Crystal, the Union Pacific Railroad's Golden Valley Industrial Lead in Golden Valley, CP's Bass Lake Spur in St. Louis Park, and Progressive Rail's Dan Patch Line in Bloomington. The line also crosses over BNSF Railway's Wayzata Subdivision in\",\n \"title\": \"MN&S Spur\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18610431\",\n \"text\": \"Bald eagle, and Pileated woodpecker have been observed within Boeing Creek Park. Rough-skinned newt have been observed along inlets to Boeing Creek. In 1913 William Boeing, founder of the Boeing company, had a mansion built in The Highlands neighborhood, along Boeing Creek. Boeing owned the land that includes today's Shoreview and Boeing Creek Parks. He used the land primarily as a hunting retreat and had a small dam made, creating Hidden Lake which he used as a private fishing pond. In the 1930s Boeing platted and logged north of Boeing Creek and sold the much of his land to developers.\",\n \"title\": \"Boeing Creek and Shoreview Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14996545\",\n \"text\": \"St. Louis Park, and there used to be a junction between the two lines. There's also a connection with Union Pacific's Mankato Subdivision in Savage, but this is on the inactive segment of track. Twin Cities and Western is the primary operator on the Bass Lake Spur. While it is possible to interchange between the two lines, it is a cumbersome process because of the track layout (as of 2010). A replacement junction has been planned since 1999 or earlier that would allow TC&W trains to make continuous moves onto the MN&S Spur, but those plans stalled for about ten\",\n \"title\": \"MN&S Spur\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14996543\",\n \"text\": \"fell into bankruptcy in less than a decade, but the successor Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway was more successful and operated independently until being acquired by the Soo Line Railroad in 1982. It carried passenger trains and interurbans until 1942. The Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern is the source of the \\\"MN&S\\\" name. The old Dan Patch mainline extended south to Northfield, and CP/Soo still own the tracks from Savage to Lakeville. Today, Progressive Rail, Inc. owns the track between Lakeville and Northfield, operating it as their Jesse James Line. The Twin Cities and Western Railroad currently owns the Dan Patch\",\n \"title\": \"MN&S Spur\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20093349\",\n \"text\": \"Every Where Is Some Where Every Where Is Some Where is the second and major label debut studio album by American alternative hip hop recording artist K.Flay. The album was released on April 4, 2017 by Interscope Records and Dan Reynolds' imprint Night Street Records, being the first artist signed to the later as well as the first album released. The album is preceded by the singles \\\"Blood In the Cut\\\", \\\"Black Wave\\\" and \\\"High Enough\\\". The tracks \\\"Blood in the Cut\\\", \\\"Dreamers\\\", \\\"You Felt Right\\\" and \\\"Hollywood Forever\\\" were previously released on the \\\"Crush Me\\\" EP. At Metacritic, which\",\n \"title\": \"Every Where Is Some Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20093350\",\n \"text\": \"assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, it received an average score of 67, based on 5 reviews. The album received two nominations for the 2018 Grammy Awards, for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical and for Best Rock Song (\\\"Blood in the Cut\\\"). Credits taken from Qobuz. Every Where Is Some Where Every Where Is Some Where is the second and major label debut studio album by American alternative hip hop recording artist K.Flay. The album was released on April 4, 2017 by Interscope Records and Dan Reynolds' imprint Night Street Records, being the first artist\",\n \"title\": \"Every Where Is Some Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11459426\",\n \"text\": \"Where Love Is, God Is \\\"Where Love Is, God Is\\\" (sometimes also translated as \\\"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\\\" or \\\"Martin the Cobbler\\\") is a short story by Russian author Leo Tolstoy. The title references the Catholic hymn Ubi Caritas. One English translation of this short story as translated by Nathan Haskell Dole uses the alternate title translation of \\\"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\\\". It was published in the United States under Crowell Company's \\\"Worth While Booklet\\\" Series. It was written in 1885. \\\"Where Love Is, God Is\\\" is a short story about a shoemaker named\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Is, God Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2478981\",\n \"text\": \"KARE (TV) KARE, virtual and VHF digital channel 11, is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and serving the Twin Cities television market. The station is owned by Tegna Inc. KARE's studios are located on Olson Memorial Highway (MN 55) in Golden Valley, and its transmitter is located in Shoreview, Minnesota. Channel 11 signed on the air in 1953 with its broadcast hours split between WTCN-TV in Minneapolis and WMIN-TV in St. Paul; the WTCN-TV callsign was originally used by the Minneapolis-licensed channel 4 from that station's sign-on in 1949 to 1952; channel 4 changed to\",\n \"title\": \"KARE (TV)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15138710\",\n \"text\": \"Of The Year in 2008. Paulson was also the trainer and personal mentor for Greco-Roman wrestler, and fellow Anoka alumni, Jake Deitchler as he prepared to compete in the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Paulson went on to be a club coach for the Minnesota Storm and currently is the co-director of the Pinnacle Wrestling School in Shoreview, MN and continues to be a coach for USA Wrestling. In September, 2011, Paulson was named to the inaugural class of the Anoka High School Hall of Fame. Paulson, his wife Rochell, and his three children, Elijah, Abby, and Sydney reside in Anoka.\",\n \"title\": \"Brandon Paulson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12144468\",\n \"text\": \"General mn-type image filter These filters are electrical wave filters designed using the image method. They are an invention of Otto Zobel at AT&T Corp.. They are a generalisation of the m-type filter in that a transform is applied that modifies the transfer function while keeping the image impedance unchanged. For filters that have only one stopband there is no distinction with the m-type filter. However, for a filter that has multiple stopbands, there is the possibility that the form of the transfer function in each stopband can be different. For instance, it may be required to filter one band\",\n \"title\": \"General mn-type image filter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11459433\",\n \"text\": \"and the University of Kansas (Bryant C. Freeman). It was adapted made-for-TV movie, \\\"Winter Thaw\\\" (2016) for BYUTV, starring John Rhys-Davies, and filmed in Lithuania. The film was produced by Utah-based Kaleidoscope Pictures. The film was directed by Adam Thomas Anderegg and Produced by Russ Kendall. It was screened on BYU TV and can be viewed on demand. It received an Emmy Award in 2017. Where Love Is, God Is \\\"Where Love Is, God Is\\\" (sometimes also translated as \\\"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\\\" or \\\"Martin the Cobbler\\\") is a short story by Russian author Leo Tolstoy. The\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Is, God Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12144474\",\n \"text\": \"frequency \\\"ω\\\", then a particularly simple form of the bandpass filter is obtained consisting of just antiresonators coupled by capacitors. This was a popular topology for multi-section band-pass filters due its low component count, particularly of inductors. Many other such reduced forms are possible by setting one of the poles of attenuation to correspond to one of the critical frequencies for various classes of basic filter. General mn-type image filter These filters are electrical wave filters designed using the image method. They are an invention of Otto Zobel at AT&T Corp.. They are a generalisation of the m-type filter in\",\n \"title\": \"General mn-type image filter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684357\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Danny? Where Is Danny? is the sixth studio album by American rapper and producer Danny!. It follow the rapper's 2008 album \\\"\\\". \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\" was originally titled \\\"Project X\\\", but the name was changed shortly before its release. The record—marketed primarily as a lo-fi \\\"anti-album\\\"—is a milestone in Danny!'s career, as it is his twelfth release (amidst a vast catalog that also includes instrumental albums, compilations and an EP) yet only his first for Interscope Records after being signed to the label for a little more than half a year. \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\" is the first album\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13775751\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Brooklyn? Where Is Brooklyn? is an album by Don Cherry featuring Henry Grimes, Ed Blackwell, and Pharoah Sanders recorded in 1966 and released on the Blue Note label. The Allmusic review by Steve Huey states: \\\"\\\"Where Is Brooklyn?\\\" is much more about energy and thoughtful group interaction than memorable themes, and so there's just a little something missing in comparison to Cherry's prior albums, even though they did also emphasize the qualities on display here. Nonetheless, it's still a fine record for what it does concentrate on; Sanders is in typically passionate form, and the rest of the\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Brooklyn?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13775752\",\n \"text\": \"ensemble members have already honed their interplay to a pretty sharp edge. It's worth hearing, even if it isn't as essential as \\\"Complete Communion\\\" or \\\"Symphony for Improvisers\\\"\\\". Free jazz trio The Thing took their name from a track on the album. All compositions by Don Cherry Where Is Brooklyn? Where Is Brooklyn? is an album by Don Cherry featuring Henry Grimes, Ed Blackwell, and Pharoah Sanders recorded in 1966 and released on the Blue Note label. The Allmusic review by Steve Huey states: \\\"\\\"Where Is Brooklyn?\\\" is much more about energy and thoughtful group interaction than memorable themes, and\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Brooklyn?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19265776\",\n \"text\": \"on April 6, 2018. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 81% based on 47 reviews and an average rating of 6.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"Where Is Kyra?\\\" rests on Michelle Pfeiffer's magnetically raw performance — and lives up to it with a trenchant, hard-hitting story.\\\" On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 72 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Where Is Kyra? Where Is Kyra? is a 2017 American drama film directed by Andrew Dosunmu with a screenplay by Darci Picoult and a story by Dosunmu and\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Kyra?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15781009\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"politically incorrect\\\", but praised the performance of Christoph Maria Herbst. Claudia Wente also praised the performance of Jürgen Vogel and wrote that he \\\"played with convincing ease\\\". won for her performance, while Til Schweiger won Jupiter Award for Best German Actor. Where Is Fred? Where Is Fred? (German: \\\"Wo ist Fred?\\\"), also credited as Where Is Fred!?, is a 2006 German film directed by Anno Saul, and produced by and Eberhard Junkersdorf. Written by Ken Daurio, Cinco Paul and Bora Dağtekin, it stars Til Schweiger, Alexandra Maria Lara, Jürgen Vogel and Christoph Maria Herbst. Fred plans to marry his\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Fred?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15781006\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Fred? Where Is Fred? (German: \\\"Wo ist Fred?\\\"), also credited as Where Is Fred!?, is a 2006 German film directed by Anno Saul, and produced by and Eberhard Junkersdorf. Written by Ken Daurio, Cinco Paul and Bora Dağtekin, it stars Til Schweiger, Alexandra Maria Lara, Jürgen Vogel and Christoph Maria Herbst. Fred plans to marry his girlfriend Mara, and he proposes her at the sold–out basketball match. Instead of accepting, Mara puts that decision on her spoiled son, Linus. In order to get Linus to like him, Fred decides to give him a basketball from the Linus' favourite\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Fred?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10136708\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Oliver!\\\", \\\"Where is Love?\\\" was performed onscreen by Mark Lester, whose singing voice was reportedly dubbed by Kathe Green (the daughter of the film's conductor and musical arranger, Johnny Green), though Lester was actually given credit on the soundtrack album. Where Is Love? \\\"Where is Love?\\\" is a song from the Tony Award-winning British musical \\\"Oliver!\\\" and the 1968 film \\\"Oliver!\\\" based on the novel \\\"Oliver Twist\\\" by Charles Dickens. The musical was written by Lionel Bart and was first staged in London's West End in 1960. Oliver Twist, the leading character, sings the song after being thrown into\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17507917\",\n \"text\": \"Home Is Where the Music Is Home Is Where the Music Is is a 1972 jazz and Afrobeat double LP by Hugh Masekela issued by the joint American label Chisa/Blue Thumb Records. The album was included in the book \\\"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\\\". Thom Jurek of Allmusic stated \\\"Home Is Where the Music Is, is a stone spiritual soul-jazz classic, that melds the sound of numerous emerging jazz schools in its pursuit of musical excellence; it succeeds on all counts and is one of the greatest recordings in Hugh Masekela's long career. In a year full\",\n \"title\": \"Home Is Where the Music Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"987870\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Everybody? \\\"Where Is Everybody?\\\" is the first episode of the American television anthology series \\\"The Twilight Zone\\\". It was first broadcast on October 2, 1959. A man finds himself alone on a dirt road, walking towards a diner. Inside he finds a jukebox playing loudly, and a pot of hot coffee on the stove, but there are no other people. He inquires about some breakfast, but no chef or waitress is to be found. He is dressed in an Air Force flight suit but does not remember who he is or how he got there. After leaving the\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Everybody?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13884415\",\n \"text\": \"their study of the Chinese language. Where is Mama Where is Mama or Where's Mama (), is a short Chinese animated film produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio in 1960 under the artistic guidance of Te Wei. The narrated film describes the adventures and misadventures of a group of tadpoles in search of their mother. It is one of Te Wei's first attempts to break away from Western style animation and aim for a painterly style influenced by Qi Baishi and more in keeping with native Chinese aesthetic sensibilities. Because of its simple story line and repetitive script it is\",\n \"title\": \"Where is Mama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13884414\",\n \"text\": \"Where is Mama Where is Mama or Where's Mama (), is a short Chinese animated film produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio in 1960 under the artistic guidance of Te Wei. The narrated film describes the adventures and misadventures of a group of tadpoles in search of their mother. It is one of Te Wei's first attempts to break away from Western style animation and aim for a painterly style influenced by Qi Baishi and more in keeping with native Chinese aesthetic sensibilities. Because of its simple story line and repetitive script it is ideal for children who are beginning\",\n \"title\": \"Where is Mama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684373\",\n \"text\": \"were unaware of Danny!'s contribution to a song. While it is uncertain which of these original songs were authorized and by what means they were acquired, it is believed that Danny! managed to compose an entire record of unwitting guest appearances according to a 2012 interview with Complex. After being completed in 2012, the original version of \\\"Payback\\\" was shelved in lieu of a partnership with Okayplayer Records, who released a modified version of the album later that year. Where Is Danny? Where Is Danny? is the sixth studio album by American rapper and producer Danny!. It follow the rapper's\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"987885\",\n \"text\": \"of this, the story seemed fresh and new and powerful. There was one compromise, but it was made for the purpose of selling the series. Where Is Everybody? \\\"Where Is Everybody?\\\" is the first episode of the American television anthology series \\\"The Twilight Zone\\\". It was first broadcast on October 2, 1959. A man finds himself alone on a dirt road, walking towards a diner. Inside he finds a jukebox playing loudly, and a pot of hot coffee on the stove, but there are no other people. He inquires about some breakfast, but no chef or waitress is to be\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Everybody?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11296217\",\n \"text\": \"during the 1980s. The misinformation about the film being lost is due to the fact that although it was screened at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival, it was withdrawn prior to its official release date in the UK. In May 2013, the film appeared on Netflix streaming. Where Is Parsifal? Where Is Parsifal? is a 1983 British comedy film directed by Henri Helman. It was released in France on 13 April 1983. The cast includes Tony Curtis, Donald Pleasence, Erik Estrada, and Orson Welles. Terence Young has an executive producer credit. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Parsifal?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11296215\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Parsifal? Where Is Parsifal? is a 1983 British comedy film directed by Henri Helman. It was released in France on 13 April 1983. The cast includes Tony Curtis, Donald Pleasence, Erik Estrada, and Orson Welles. Terence Young has an executive producer credit. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival. This was Peter Lawford's final film role before his death the following year. Parsifal Katzenellenbogen (Tony Curtis) is an eccentric hypochondriac who has invented a laser skywriter. Parsifal invites businessmen to his castle in the hopes of selling his invention. Potential\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Parsifal?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10136707\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Love? \\\"Where is Love?\\\" is a song from the Tony Award-winning British musical \\\"Oliver!\\\" and the 1968 film \\\"Oliver!\\\" based on the novel \\\"Oliver Twist\\\" by Charles Dickens. The musical was written by Lionel Bart and was first staged in London's West End in 1960. Oliver Twist, the leading character, sings the song after being thrown into the cellar of a funeral parlour for getting into a fight with Noah Claypole, another servant of the undertaker. Later in the show a reprise is sung by Mr Brownlow's housekeeper, Mrs Bedwin. In the 1968 Columbia Pictures musical film version\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19265774\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Kyra? Where Is Kyra? is a 2017 American drama film directed by Andrew Dosunmu with a screenplay by Darci Picoult and a story by Dosunmu and Picoult. The film stars Michelle Pfeiffer and Kiefer Sutherland. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2017. It was released in a limited release on April 6, 2018, by Great Point Media and Paladin. In Brooklyn, New York, Kyra (Michelle Pfeiffer) loses her job and struggles to survive on her ailing mother's income. As the weeks and months go on, her problems worsen. This leads\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Kyra?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684359\",\n \"text\": \"ultimately winding up—much like his previous three studio albums—on the shortlist for the following year's Grammy Awards nominees. Following a strong interest from Jay-Z in Danny! (and Questlove's inclusion of a modified version of the title track in his 2012 ad campaign for Sonos), the album enjoyed a surge of attention in late 2012 a year after its release (see 2011 in music); Danny! subsequently offered \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\" as a free download temporarily despite presence in retail. According to the Village Voice, the title \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\" is intended to serve as an allusion to the mystique surrounding both\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12166615\",\n \"text\": \"Chart placings are not from the UK Singles Chart, but from the UK Indie Chart. Where It Is Where It Is is the debut album by British new wave band The Beloved, first released as a vinyl LP in October 1987 on the Flim Flam Productions label. For the initial LP release, a limited number of the albums included a free 7\\\" EP included with purchase (containing three demo tracks: \\\"Forever Laughing\\\", \\\"Falling on My Face\\\" and \\\"The Last Detail\\\"). The album was then reissued on CD in 1988 as an expanded edition with a different track order, containing most\",\n \"title\": \"Where It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12166612\",\n \"text\": \"Where It Is Where It Is is the debut album by British new wave band The Beloved, first released as a vinyl LP in October 1987 on the Flim Flam Productions label. For the initial LP release, a limited number of the albums included a free 7\\\" EP included with purchase (containing three demo tracks: \\\"Forever Laughing\\\", \\\"Falling on My Face\\\" and \\\"The Last Detail\\\"). The album was then reissued on CD in 1988 as an expanded edition with a different track order, containing most of the original tracks plus rerecorded versions (for example, \\\"If Only '88\\\") and \\\"A Kiss\",\n \"title\": \"Where It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684370\",\n \"text\": \"is far more indicative of \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\"'s overall sound than \\\"Just Friends\\\", and that the latter single will likely not make the album. As the tentative release date loomed closer another song, the aforementioned \\\"Sloppy Joe, Pt. 1\\\", was leaked by Danny! through his personal Twitter page. \\\"Sloppy Joe, Pt. 1\\\", its sequel and the Von Pea-featured \\\"Hoedown Showdown\\\" have also garnered positive reviews, further restoring interest in the oft-delayed project. Upon its release the reception was mostly positive. Taking note of \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\"'s \\\"anti-Top 40\\\" aesthetic, Prefix Magazine called the album Danny!'s \\\"gigantic middle-finger to the music\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"987877\",\n \"text\": \"on a society in which people were executed when they turned 60, due to their inability to contribute to society—was considered too depressing by network executives. William Self is the network executive who rejected \\\"The Happy Place\\\". At first, Serling tried to get him fired, but the next day realized that Mr. Self was right, and came in with \\\"Where is Everybody?\\\". From that point on, Serling and Self became fast friends. The basic premise of \\\"The Happy Place\\\" was presented in Anthony Trollope's 1882 novel \\\"The Fixed Period\\\", which envisaged a college where men retired at 67 and, after\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Everybody?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15781007\",\n \"text\": \"team. He poses as a wheelchair–bound fan so that he could get it. But when he catches the ball, he also catches the attention of young, attractive filmmaker Denise, who wants to feature an invalid fan in an image film for the team. Fred has to keep playing his role, while real invalid and really furious fan Ronny might call his bluff at any moment. \\\"Where Is Fred?\\\" was released on DVD on 14 May 2007, and on Blu-ray on 21 January 2011. The soundtrack album was released on 17 November 2006 through the Polystar Records. \\\"Where Is Fred?\\\" received\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Fred?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684367\",\n \"text\": \"some of the song titles, paying homage to Panic! at the Disco (\\\"Manic at the Disco\\\"), The Beatles (\\\"I Ain't The Walrus\\\") and actor George Wendt. While production was originally handled by an unnamed former ally, the final version of \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\" was entirely produced by Danny! and contains few known samples. Much like the lyrics, the sound and production of this album differs greatly to Danny!'s other releases. After introducing a style fusing jazz and lounge music with \\\"And I Love H.E.R.\\\", \\\"Where is Danny?\\\" relied on old funk loops, big band samples, children's music and even French\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684371\",\n \"text\": \"industry\\\". While noted as a courageous and critically acclaimed effort, \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\" was nonetheless largely ignored by mainstream media, due mostly to Danny!'s perpetual lack of a proper record deal and publicity team at the time, but also likely to the abrupt shift in musical direction for Danny!. When \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\" was finally given a major label release on Interscope and featured alongside Questlove in a commercial for SONOS, the momentum for the now two-year-old album had dissipated. The perceived apathy to a record he considered his \\\"fully realized masterpiece\\\" was Danny!'s tipping point with the industry; it\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15119641\",\n \"text\": \"Home Is Where the Hart Is Home Is Where the Hart Is is a 1987 Canadian film, written and directed by Rex Bromfield. It stars Leslie Nielsen, Eric Christmas, and Martin Mull. A cunning nurse and con artist Belle Haimes (Valri Bromfield) lives with her simpleton of a husband Rex Haimes (Stephen E. Miller) in the Hart Mansion in British Columbia. There she takes care of the invalid, 103-year-old Slim Hart, called \\\"Pappy\\\", (Joe Austin) and his wife, Minnie (Enid Saunders) who has been in a coma for some time. Waking up one day, nurse Belle doesn't feel very prone\",\n \"title\": \"Home Is Where the Hart Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15337134\",\n \"text\": \"no problem appealing to the 95% of people that haven't heard (and still remember) the Pixies' \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" and have never experienced a truly exciting live show, and if that's what the band is aiming for, then they are a complete success.\\\" Where Is My Mind? \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies. Although the song was never released as a single, it is one of the band's signature songs. It has been awarded Silver Certification by the BPI for UK singles. \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" is the seventh track on\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is My Mind?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8417730\",\n \"text\": \"1980 (Alan Reid, Brian McNeill, Duncan MacGillivray & Ged Foley), playing together with the line-up of 2009 (Alan Reid, Mike Katz, Alasdair White & Sean O'Donnell). Home Is Where the Van Is Home Is Where the Van Is, an album by The Battlefield Band, was released in 1980 on the Temple Records label. The album, the band's U.S. debut, \\\"continued the Scottish group's affinity for blending modern instrumentation into the country's folk tradition.\\\" Several songs from the album notably featured band member Ged Foley on the Northumbrian smallpipes. Also appearing on some songs are : The band played the album\",\n \"title\": \"Home Is Where the Van Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8417729\",\n \"text\": \"Home Is Where the Van Is Home Is Where the Van Is, an album by The Battlefield Band, was released in 1980 on the Temple Records label. The album, the band's U.S. debut, \\\"continued the Scottish group's affinity for blending modern instrumentation into the country's folk tradition.\\\" Several songs from the album notably featured band member Ged Foley on the Northumbrian smallpipes. Also appearing on some songs are : The band played the album in its entirety at the 2009 Celtic Connections, as part of the festival's Classic Albums series. The performance featured the line-up who recorded the album in\",\n \"title\": \"Home Is Where the Van Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17507918\",\n \"text\": \"of amazing titles, this is still a standout.\\\" Miles Keylock of Channel 24 wrote \\\"Recorded at London's Island Studios a matter of months before his own departure to Guinea these 10 tracks (originally a double LP) find Masekela digging deep into his African jazz heritage. Gone are the patented pop jazz covers, replaced by inquisitive Afro-American conversations that range from rhythm 'n bluesy soaked soul jazz extrapolations on fellow exiled composer Caiphus Semenya's \\\"The Big Apple\\\" to freewheeling Cape to Cuba township bop original groovers like \\\"Maseru\\\"and the lilting ballad \\\"Nomali\\\". Home Is Where the Music Is Home Is Where\",\n \"title\": \"Home Is Where the Music Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15119642\",\n \"text\": \"to go back to her dead end job nursing the old couple. She accidentally overhears the night nurse working at the same mansion (Leslie Jones) reading a postcard from the old couple's two twin boys, Martin Hart (Eric Christmas) and Art Hart (Ted Stidder). The postcard tells that the boys will be returning home to their Pappy soon. With that information in mind, Belle starts planning the demise of the old comatosed Mrs. Hart and the kidnapping of Old Pappy but things don't go quite according to plan. Home Is Where the Hart Is Home Is Where the Hart Is\",\n \"title\": \"Home Is Where the Hart Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15337131\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is My Mind? \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies. Although the song was never released as a single, it is one of the band's signature songs. It has been awarded Silver Certification by the BPI for UK singles. \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" is the seventh track on the Pixies' 1988 debut album \\\"Surfer Rosa\\\". The song was written by frontman Black Francis while he attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst, inspired by his experiences while scuba diving in the Caribbean. He later said he had \\\"this very small fish trying to\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is My Mind?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11893662\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is the Love? \\\"Where Is the Love?\\\" is a song by American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas. It was released in June 2003 as the lead single from their third album, \\\"Elephunk\\\". The song was written by will.i.am, apl.de.ap, Taboo, Justin Timberlake, Printz Board, Michael Fratantuno and George Pajon. The track features vocals from Timberlake, although he is not officially credited on the single release. It was the group's first song to feature singer Fergie as an official member. \\\"Where Is the Love?\\\" saw success on radio airplay charts, peaked at number eight on the US \\\"Billboard\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is the Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15903463\",\n \"text\": \"Where the Power Is Where the Power Is is the fifth and most recent album by the English psychedelic rock band Poisoned Electrick Head, and their first following major line-up changes and an eight-year hiatus spanning the late 1990s and early 2000s. According to the band, the 13-track album is the first in a planned CD quadrology \\\"bringing to light the rise & transformation of The Jedder, a multi-faceted conundrum of a man who finds the reason and purpose of his own existence hard to swallow,yet cant run from himself any longer.\\\" \\\"Where the Power Is\\\" features guest appearance from\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Power Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5352172\",\n \"text\": \"Where the Action Is Where the Action Is is a music-based television variety show that aired in the United States from 1965 to 1967. It was carried by the ABC network and aired each weekday afternoon. Created by Dick Clark as a spin-off of \\\"American Bandstand\\\", \\\"Where the Action Is\\\" premiered on June 27, 1965. The show was another step in the then-current trend of entertainment programs that targeted the teenage audience by focusing on pop music, following in the footsteps set by \\\"Shindig!\\\" (premiered in the fall of 1964, also on ABC) and \\\"Hullabaloo\\\" (premiered January 1965 on NBC).\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Action Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16749844\",\n \"text\": \"torch glasses. Where Is It Going? \\\"Where Is It Going?\\\" is a 2012 single by Orbital, taken from the album \\\"Wonky\\\". The track was released as a three track download only single on 28 August 2012. A medley of \\\"Where Is It Going?\\\" and Ian Dury's \\\"Spasticus Autisticus\\\" was performed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony. Orbital performed with the Graeae Theatre Company with John Kelly reprising the Ian Dury performance. The version in the ceremony featured a sample of Professor Stephen Hawking's voice saying \\\"transform our perceptions\\\". Hawking joined the band on stage during the performance and wore\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is It Going?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16749843\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is It Going? \\\"Where Is It Going?\\\" is a 2012 single by Orbital, taken from the album \\\"Wonky\\\". The track was released as a three track download only single on 28 August 2012. A medley of \\\"Where Is It Going?\\\" and Ian Dury's \\\"Spasticus Autisticus\\\" was performed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony. Orbital performed with the Graeae Theatre Company with John Kelly reprising the Ian Dury performance. The version in the ceremony featured a sample of Professor Stephen Hawking's voice saying \\\"transform our perceptions\\\". Hawking joined the band on stage during the performance and wore their trademark\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is It Going?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16571623\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is My Heart? Where is my Heart? is a platform video game developed by Danish studios Schulenburg Software and Die Gute Fabrik. It was released as a PlayStation mini on the PlayStation Network in North America on November 8, 2011 and Europe on November 16, 2011. On March 2, 2012, Die Gute Fabrik announced plans to release the game for Windows, macOS, and Linux in the spring of 2012, a date which was pushed back, eventually seeing the Windows and macOS versions released on May 29, 2014, with the Linux version \\\"still on the way…\\\". \\\"Where is my Heart?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is My Heart?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13682744\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is My Castle Where Is My Castle is the fourteenth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith. The album was released in January 1971 by RCA Records and was produced by Bob Ferguson. The album's title track became a major hit in 1971, peaking in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Top 20. \\\"Where Is My Castle\\\" consisted of ten tracks of newly recorded material by Connie Smith. The album featured two cover versions of songs by Conway Twitty: \\\"I'm So Used to Loving You\\\" and \\\"Hello Darlin'.\\\" In addition, the album also included covers of Loretta Lynn's \\\"Before I'm\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is My Castle\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11893667\",\n \"text\": \"release, the song re-entered the official UK singles charts at 40, eventually peaking at 35. The music video for \\\"Where Is the Love?\\\" was shot in East Los Angeles and features The Black Eyed Peas and various other people, including various young children, asking the world where the love really is. In the video, will.i.am and Taboo act as a soul music road duo who use music to tell people what is wrong with the world, Fergie appears as a peacemaker who places stickers with question marks on them all over the place to ask people where the love is\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is the Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12458891\",\n \"text\": \"the song made the Top 10 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Dance Club Play chart, peaking at number 7 and remaining on the survey for 14 weeks. Where Is My Man \\\"Where Is My Man\\\" is a song from 1983 by the American singer and actress Eartha Kitt, which appeared on her 1984 album \\\"I Love Men\\\". The song was co-written by comedy writer Bruce Vilanch along with musicians and producers Fred Zarr and Jacques Morali. The song was first released in France as a single where it was wildly successful. The song features Kitt singing in a low, seductive-sounding voice.\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is My Man\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12458888\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is My Man \\\"Where Is My Man\\\" is a song from 1983 by the American singer and actress Eartha Kitt, which appeared on her 1984 album \\\"I Love Men\\\". The song was co-written by comedy writer Bruce Vilanch along with musicians and producers Fred Zarr and Jacques Morali. The song was first released in France as a single where it was wildly successful. The song features Kitt singing in a low, seductive-sounding voice. Included in the song are some sounds that have come to be associated with Kitt, including a purring sound similar to one she made while portraying\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is My Man\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["ramsey county"],"string":"[\n \"ramsey county\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1193,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what did maria theresa rule?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"587725","text":"as none of Maria Theresa's advisors expected France to betray them. Francis Stephen urged Maria Theresa to reach a rapprochement with Prussia, as did Great Britain. Maria Theresa reluctantly agreed to negotiations. Contrary to all expectations, a significant amount of support for the young Queen came from Hungary. Her coronation as Queen of Hungary took place in St. Martin's Cathedral, Pressburg, on 25 June 1741. She had spent months honing the equestrian skills necessary for the ceremony and negotiating with the Diet. To appease those who considered her gender to be a serious obstacle, Maria Theresa assumed masculine titles. Thus,","title":"Maria Theresa"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587725\",\n \"text\": \"as none of Maria Theresa's advisors expected France to betray them. Francis Stephen urged Maria Theresa to reach a rapprochement with Prussia, as did Great Britain. Maria Theresa reluctantly agreed to negotiations. Contrary to all expectations, a significant amount of support for the young Queen came from Hungary. Her coronation as Queen of Hungary took place in St. Martin's Cathedral, Pressburg, on 25 June 1741. She had spent months honing the equestrian skills necessary for the ceremony and negotiating with the Diet. To appease those who considered her gender to be a serious obstacle, Maria Theresa assumed masculine titles. Thus,\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"587704","text":"the War of the Austrian Succession. In defiance of the grave situation, she managed to secure the vital support of the Hungarians for the war effort. Over the course of the war, despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy, Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire. Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War. Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, had eleven daughters, including the Queen of France, the Queen of Naples and Sicily, the Duchess of Parma, and five sons,","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587742","text":"their age and rank. Following her fiftieth birthday in May 1767, Maria Theresa contracted smallpox from her daughter-in-law, Maria Josepha of Bavaria. She survived, but the new empress did not. Maria Theresa then forced her daughter, Archduchess Maria Josepha, to pray with her in the Imperial Crypt next to the unsealed tomb of Empress Maria Josepha. The Archduchess started showing smallpox rash two days after visiting the crypt and soon died. Maria Carolina was to replace her as the pre-determined bride of King Ferdinand IV of Naples. Maria Theresa blamed herself for her daughter's death for the rest of her","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587722","text":"Wilhelmine Amalia, coveted portions of her inheritance. Maria Theresa did secure recognition from King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, who had not accepted the Pragmatic Sanction during her father's lifetime, in November 1740. In December, Frederick II of Prussia invaded the Duchy of Silesia and requested that Maria Theresa cede it, threatening to join her enemies if she refused. Maria Theresa decided to fight for the mineral-rich province. Frederick even offered a compromise: he would defend Maria Theresa's rights if she agreed to cede to him at least a part of Silesia. Francis Stephen was inclined to consider such an","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"5753826","text":"album, \"Definitive Collection\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \"Paper Lace\". I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"psg_id":"5753825","text":"I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"psg_id":"587775","text":"Maria Theresa's protestations. Her sense of justice pushed her to reject the idea of partition, which would hurt the Polish people. She even once argued, \"What right have we to rob an innocent nation that it has hitherto been our boast to protect and support?\" The duo argued that it was too late to abort now. Besides, Maria Theresa herself agreed with the partition when she realised that Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine II of Russia would do it with or without Austrian participation. Maria Theresa claimed and eventually took Galicia and Lodomeria; in the words of Frederick, \"the","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"13178425","text":"Maria Theresa Short Maria Theresa Short was an entrepreneur who increased public access to scientific equipment in Edinburgh in the 19th century. In the early 18th century, the Short family were scientific instrument makers in Edinburgh’s Southside. In 1776 their son Thomas leased some land on Calton Hill and built a Gothic House to display his instruments to the public. As a condition of his lease, the local council demanded that female relatives of Thomas could not inherit the building and its contents. When he died in 1788, his wife and children did not inherit it. In 1827 Maria Theresa","title":"Maria Theresa Short"},{"psg_id":"587744","text":"reproached her for laziness and frivolity and scolded her for failing to conceive a child. Maria Theresa was not just critical of Marie Antoinette. She disliked Leopold's reserve and often blamed him for being cold. She criticised Maria Carolina for her political activities, Ferdinand for his lack of organisation, and Maria Amalia for her poor French and haughtiness. The only child she did not constantly scold was Maria Christina, who enjoyed her mother's complete confidence, though she failed to please her mother in one aspect – she did not produce any surviving children. One of Maria Theresa's greatest wishes was","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587718","text":"state in which I found the army, I cannot begin to describe it.\" Maria Theresa found herself in a difficult situation. She did not know enough about matters of state and she was unaware of the weakness of her father's ministers. She decided to rely on her father's advice to retain his counselors and to defer to her husband, whom she considered to be more experienced, on other matters. Both decisions later gave cause for regret. Ten years later, Maria Theresa recalled in her \"Political Testament\" the circumstances under which she had ascended: \"I found myself without money, without credit,","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587732","text":"of Silesia, and Maria Theresa ceded the Duchy of Parma to Philip of Spain. France had successfully conquered the Austrian Netherlands, but Louis XV, wishing to prevent potential future wars with Austria, returned them to Maria Theresa. Frederick of Prussia's invasion of Saxony in August 1756 began a Third Silesian War and sparked the wider Seven Years' War. Maria Theresa and Kaunitz wished to exit the war with possession of Silesia. Before the war started, Kaunitz had been sent as an ambassador at Versailles from 1750-53 to win over the French. Meanwhile, the British still refused to help Maria Theresa","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"13379019","text":"Clark purchased the Scott Stamp and Coin Company and renamed it Scott Publications. They eventually sold the firm to Gordon R. Harmer in 1946. Theresa Maria Clark was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1954. Theresa Maria Clark Theresa Maria Clark (c.1890-1953) of New York City, was a philatelist and philatelic editor. She was born Theresa Maria Scheidemantel and married Hugh Massey Clark. In about 1908, Theresa Clark joined the Scott Stamp and Coin Company and served in various positions with the firm until 1946. While working at Scott’s, she met Hugh Massey Clark and the","title":"Theresa Maria Clark"},{"psg_id":"13379018","text":"Theresa Maria Clark Theresa Maria Clark (c.1890-1953) of New York City, was a philatelist and philatelic editor. She was born Theresa Maria Scheidemantel and married Hugh Massey Clark. In about 1908, Theresa Clark joined the Scott Stamp and Coin Company and served in various positions with the firm until 1946. While working at Scott’s, she met Hugh Massey Clark and the two eventually married. They both were co-editors of the 1935 and 1936 issues of the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue. Theresa also, while at Scott, was the editor of \"The Chronicle of New Issues\". In 1938 Theresa and Hugh","title":"Theresa Maria Clark"},{"psg_id":"587739","text":"and so would the births of Maria Anna, the eldest surviving child, and Maria Carolina (1740–1741). While fighting to preserve her inheritance, Maria Theresa gave birth to a son named after Saint Joseph, to whom she had repeatedly prayed for a male child during the pregnancy. Maria Theresa's favourite child, Maria Christina, was born on her 25th birthday, four days before the defeat of the Austrian army in Chotusitz. Five more children were born during the war: Maria Elisabeth, Charles, Maria Amalia, Leopold and Maria Carolina (1748–1748). During this period, there was no rest for Maria Theresa during pregnancies or","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"18491073","text":"Maria Theresa Lewis (Maria) Theresa Lewis (born Villiers, later Lister; 8 March 1803 – 9 November 1865) was a British writer and biographer. Maria Theresa Villiers was born on 8 March 1803. She was the daughter of the Honourable George Villiers, a member of the aristocratic Villiers family, and Theresa Parker. On 6 November 1830, Lister married the novelist Thomas Henry Lister. They had three children: Thomas, Maria and Alice. Her son, Thomas Villiers Lister (1832–1902), married first Fanny Harriet Coryton and secondly Florence Selina Hamilton, daughter of geologist William John Hamilton and his second wife Margaret Frances Florence Dillon.","title":"Maria Theresa Lewis"},{"psg_id":"587771","text":"possess enough land to maintain the Empire's integrity, Maria Theresa, who was used to being assisted in the administration of her vast realms, declared Joseph to be her new co-ruler on 17 September 1765. From then on, mother and son had frequent ideological disagreements. The 22 million gulden that Joseph inherited from his father was injected into the treasury. Maria Theresa had another loss in February 1766 when Haugwitz died. She gave her son absolute control over the military following the death of Count Leopold Joseph von Daun. According to Robert A. Kann, Maria Theresa was a monarch of above-average","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587728","text":"heir, Joseph, while weeping, and she dramatically consigned the future king to the defense of the \"brave Hungarians\". This act managed to win the sympathy of the members, and they declared that they would die for Maria Theresa. In 1741, the Austrian authorities informed Maria Theresa that the Bohemian populace would prefer Charles Albert to her as sovereign. Maria Theresa, desperate and burdened by pregnancy, wrote plaintively to her sister: \"I don't know if a town will remain to me for my delivery.\" She bitterly vowed to spare nothing and no one to defend her kingdom when she wrote to","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587709","text":"that Austria abolish the Ostend Company in return for its recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction. In total, Great Britain, France, Saxony, United Provinces, Spain, Prussia, Russia, Denmark, Sardinia, Bavaria and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised the sanction. France, Spain, Saxony, Bavaria and Prussia later reneged. Little more than a year after her birth, Maria Theresa was joined by a sister, Maria Anna, and another one, named Maria Amalia, was born in 1724. The portraits of the imperial family show that Maria Theresa resembled Elisabeth Christine and Maria Anna. The Prussian ambassador noted that she had large blue","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"18491076","text":"the year 1783 to 1852\". Lady Lewis also edited a novel by the Hon. Emily Eden called \"The Semi-Detached House\" in 1859, and she wrote two plays, based on fairy tales, for children to perform. Lewis died in Brasenose College in Oxford in 1865 from cancer. Maria Theresa Lewis (Maria) Theresa Lewis (born Villiers, later Lister; 8 March 1803 – 9 November 1865) was a British writer and biographer. Maria Theresa Villiers was born on 8 March 1803. She was the daughter of the Honourable George Villiers, a member of the aristocratic Villiers family, and Theresa Parker. On 6 November","title":"Maria Theresa Lewis"},{"psg_id":"9673933","text":"at the Augustinian Church in Vienna, Maria Theresa married Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. The bride was almost twenty-one years old and the groom twenty-seven. Queen Maria Theresa is described as badly dressed and did not answer to the ideal of a regal person: she disliked her public role and life at court and preferred to confine herself to her private rooms dedicated to needlework and her children. She had a good relationship to both her spouse and her stepson Francis: her stepson respected her and she used to demonstratively call him her son. Maria Theresa was interested in","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)"},{"psg_id":"587721","text":"display of the new queen's authority was the formal act of homage of the Lower Austrian Estates to her on 22 November 1740. It was an elaborate public event which served as a formal recognition and legitimation of her accession. The oath of fealty to Maria Theresa was taken on the same day in the Ritterstube of the Hofburg. Immediately after her accession, a number of European sovereigns who had recognised Maria Theresa as heir broke their promises. Queen Elisabeth of Spain and Elector Charles Albert of Bavaria, married to Maria Theresa's deprived cousin Maria Amalia and supported by Empress","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"5470272","text":"Maria Theresa Reef The Maria Theresa Reef is a supposed reef in the South Pacific (south of the French Tuamotu islands and east of New Zealand); it appears to be a phantom reef. It is also known as Tabor Island or Tabor Reef on French maps. It was reported in three contemporary newspapers as a dangerous reef seen on 16 November 1843 by a Captain Asaph P. Taber (not \"Tabor\") of the \"Maria-Theresa\", a New Bedford, Massachusetts, whaler, to be situated at , later adjusted to . Jean-Paul Faivre reports that map no. 5356 of the (French) Naval Hydrographic Office","title":"Maria Theresa Reef"},{"psg_id":"3088026","text":"when it was accepted formally in the Bavarian monetary convention. Because of the date of the Bavarian Monetary convention, many writers erroneously state that the Maria Theresa Thaler was first struck in 1751. Since the death of Maria Theresa in 1780, the coin has always been dated 1780. On 19 September 1857, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria declared the Maria Theresa thaler to be an official trade coinage. A little over a year later, on 31 October 1858, it lost its status as currency in Austria. The MTT could also be found throughout the Arab world, especially in Saudi Arabia,","title":"Maria Theresa thaler"},{"psg_id":"10790826","text":"Maria Theresa Asmar Maria Theresa Asmar (1804 – before 1870) was an ethnic Assyrian from Tel Keppe, Ottoman Empire, who wrote \"Memoirs of a Babylonian Princess\", which consists of two volumes and 720 pages. This book was written in the early 19th century, describing her travels through Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine and the harem system used in Turkey. It was translated into English in 1844. Maria Theresa Asmar died in France before the Franco-Prussian War, and was known as Babylon's Princess in Europe. Facing tremendous obstacles, Asmar, an Assyrian woman, set up a school for women in Baghdad and","title":"Maria Theresa Asmar"},{"psg_id":"587747","text":"this. Maria Theresa promoted the Greek Catholics and emphasised their equal status with Roman Catholics. Despite the fact that Maria Theresa was a very pious person, she also enacted policies that suppressed exaggerated display of piety, such as the prohibition of public flagellantism. Furthermore, she significantly reduced the number of religious holidays and monastic orders. Her relationship with the Jesuits was complex. Members of this order educated her, served as her confessors, and supervised the religious education of her eldest son. The Jesuits were powerful and influential in the early years of Maria Theresa's reign. However, the queen's ministers convinced","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587738","text":"the Prussian territories that were occupied. Although Silesia remained under the control of Prussia, a new balance of power was created in Europe, and Austrian position was strengthened by it thanks to its alliance with the Bourbons in Madrid, Parma and Naples. Maria Theresa herself decided to focus on domestic reforms and refrain from undertaking any further military operations. Over the course of twenty years, Maria Theresa gave birth to sixteen children, thirteen of whom survived infancy. The first child, Maria Elisabeth (1737–1740), was born a little less than a year after the wedding. The child's sex caused great disappointment","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587708","text":"son who would prevent the extinction of his dynasty and succeed him. Thus, the birth of Maria Theresa was a great disappointment to him and the people of Vienna; Charles never managed to overcome this feeling. Maria Theresa replaced Maria Josepha as heir presumptive to the Habsburg realms the moment she was born; Charles VI had issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 which had placed his nieces behind his own daughters in the line of succession. Charles sought the other European powers' approval for disinheriting his nieces. They exacted harsh terms: in the Treaty of Vienna (1731), Great Britain demanded","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"12427568","text":"father as rightful king of Portugal acknowledged Maria Theresa as an Infanta of Portugal. Maria Theresa married Prince Karl Ludwig of Thurn and Taxis (1863–1942), a member of the Czech branch of the family, son of Prince Maximilian Karl Friedrich of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Amélie Eugénie de Tascher de La Pagerie, on 22 May 1900 in Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. Maria Theresa and Karl Ludwig had one son: Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza Maria Teresa of Bragança, Infanta of Portugal (Maria Teresa Carolina Micaela Ana Josefina Antónia Francisca de Assis e de Paula Brígida Pia Gerardina Severina Inácia","title":"Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza"},{"psg_id":"9766102","text":"Maria Theresa of Savoy Maria Theresa of Savoy (Maria Teresa; 31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) was a French princess (Countess of Artois) by marriage to Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, grandson of Louis XV and younger brother of Louis XVI. Some nineteen years after her death, her spouse assumed the throne of France as King Charles X. Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy was born at the Royal Palace in Turin during the reign of her grandfather Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia. The daughter of the heir apparent and his wife, Victor Amadeus and Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain,","title":"Maria Theresa of Savoy"},{"psg_id":"9766114","text":"Mausoleum near to Graz Cathedral. Maria Theresa of Savoy Maria Theresa of Savoy (Maria Teresa; 31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) was a French princess (Countess of Artois) by marriage to Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, grandson of Louis XV and younger brother of Louis XVI. Some nineteen years after her death, her spouse assumed the throne of France as King Charles X. Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy was born at the Royal Palace in Turin during the reign of her grandfather Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia. The daughter of the heir apparent and his wife, Victor Amadeus and","title":"Maria Theresa of Savoy"},{"psg_id":"9006760","text":"close to her youngest paternal aunt, Archduchess Maria Antonia, just seven years her senior. She was Maria Theresa's first grandchild. Just a few months short of her eighth birthday, Archduchess Maria Theresa became ill with pleurisy. Her father, by that time \"Holy Roman Emperor\", did everything in his power to save her and attended her bedside even at night. However, the medicine in those days was highly undeveloped and Archduchess Maria Theresa died on 23 January 1770 from a very high fever. Her father was heartbroken. When Khevenhüller had to disturb Joseph in order to make the arrangements for the","title":"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)"},{"psg_id":"5470274","text":"historically reported reefs which also may not exist are: Jupiter Reef, Wachusett Reef, and Ernest Legouve Reef. The historical sightings of these reefs were probably inspired by the supposed existence of Maria Theresa Reef. Even in the 21st century, some map and atlas publishers still show this fictitious group of reefs in the South Pacific. In 1966 amateur radio journal \"CQ\" published a photo and description of Don Miller transmitting from what he claimed was Maria Teresa Reef. This has been since proven to be a hoax. Hugh Cassidy, discussing his escapades, claims that \"A nautical chart... issued by the","title":"Maria Theresa Reef"},{"psg_id":"587779","text":"throne and her sex, and though he had fought against her in three wars, he never considered her his enemy. With her death, the House of Habsburg died out and was replaced by the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph, already co-sovereign of the Habsburg dominions, succeeded her, and he introduced sweeping reforms in the empire; Joseph II produced nearly 700 edicts per year (or almost two per day), whereas Maria Theresa only issued about 100 edicts per year. Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public \"persona\" and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects; a","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587777","text":"Netherlands. This alarmed Frederick II of Prussia, and thus the War of Bavarian Succession erupted in 1778. Maria Theresa very unwilingly consented to the occupation of Bavaria, and a year later she made peace proposals to Frederick II despite Joseph's objections. Although Austria managed to gain the Innviertel area, this \"Potato War\" caused a setback to the financial improvement that the Habsburg had made. The 500,000 gulden in annual revenue from 100,000 inhabitants of Innviertel were not comparable to the 100,000,000 gulden that were spent during the war. It is unlikely that Maria Theresa ever completely recovered from the smallpox","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587769","text":"and their family members, but also help cover the national expenditure in peace or war. However, such reform was fiercely resisted by the Hungarian nobility. Meanwhile, Joseph was hoping for a more radical change, and he himself abolished forced peasant labour during his reign in 1789, although this was later retracted by Emperor Leopold II. Emperor Francis died on 18 August 1765, while he and the court were in Innsbruck celebrating the wedding of his second son, Leopold. Maria Theresa was devastated. Their eldest son, Joseph, became Holy Roman Emperor. Maria Theresa abandoned all ornamentation, had her hair cut short,","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587768","text":"peasant well-being. Although Maria Theresa was initially reluctant to meddle in such affairs, government interventions were made possible by the perceived need for economic power and the emergence of a functioning bureaucracy, and interventions were also further eased by widespread peasant unrest induced by the effects of war and famine in 1770-2 and noble abuse of manorial rights. In 1771-78, a series of \"Robot Patents\" were issued by Maria Theresa, and these patents regulated and restricted peasant labour only in the German and Bohemian parts of the realm. The goal was to ensure that peasants not only could support themselves","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587764","text":"of both genders from the ages of six to twelve were required to attend school. The education reform was met with hostility particularly by peasants who wanted the children to work in the fields instead. Maria Theresa crushed the dissent by ordering the arrest of all those opposed. Overall, although the idea had merit, the reforms were not as successful as they were expected to be; in some parts of Austria, half of the population was illiterate well into the 19th century. Maria Theresa permitted non-Catholics to attend university and allowed the introduction of secular subjects (such as law), which","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587758","text":"state revenues substantially. In 1775, for the first time ever the Habsburg Monarchy achieved its first balanced budget, and by 1780, the Habsburg state revenue had reached 50 million gulden. After Maria Theresa recruited Gerard van Swieten from the Netherlands, he also employed a fellow Dutchman named Anton de Haen, and de Haen was the actual founder of the Viennese Medicine School (\"Wiener Medizinischen Schule\"). Maria Theresa also banned the creation of new burial grounds without prior government permission, thus countering wasteful and unhygienic burial customs. Meanwhile, her decision to have her children inoculated after the smallpox epidemic of 1767","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587756","text":"In addition to this, there was the \"Hofrechenskammer\" or the exchequer which was tasked with the handling of all financial accounts. Meanwhile, in 1760, Maria Theresa created the Council of State (\"Staatsrat\"), composed of the state chancellor, three members of the high nobility and three knights, which served as a committee of experienced people who advised her. The council of state lacked executive or legislative authority, but nevertheless showed the difference between the form of government employed by Frederick II of Prussia. Unlike the latter, Maria Theresa was not an autocrat who acted as her own minister. Prussia would adopt","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587753","text":"In 1764, she ordered the release of those Jews who had been jailed for a blood libel in the village of Orkuta. Notwithstanding her strong dislike of Jews, Maria Theresa supported Jewish commercial and industrial activity in Austria. There were also parts of the realm where the Jews were treated better, such as Trieste, Gorizia and Vorarlberg. Maria Theresa was as conservative in matters of state as in those of religion, but implemented significant reforms to strengthen Austria's military and bureaucratic efficiency. She employed Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz, who modernised the empire by creating a standing army of 108,000","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"9673935","text":"of Naples. Francis' spouse Duchess Maria Sophia in Bavaria, however, disputed her influence and Francis had a difficult position in the conflict between his wife and stepmother, without being able to satisfy either. Maria Sophia informed Francis about a plot created by Maria Theresa with the attempt to put the biological son of Maria Theresa on the throne, but Francis chose to believe Maria Theresa when she swore her innocence. It was not until the revolts against the monarchy had already begun that Francis decided to listen to the advice of his wife rather than his stepmother. Maria Theresa was","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)"},{"psg_id":"13602937","text":"of Portugal Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, and his wife Princess Sophie of Liechtenstein. Maria Theresa was an elder sister of Aloys, 7th Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. Maria Theresa married her first cousin Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza, only son and second eldest child of former King Miguel of Portugal and his wife Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, on 8 November 1893 in Kleinheubach, Kingdom of Bavaria. Maria Theresa and Miguel had eight children: Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (German: \"Maria Theresa, Prinzessin von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg\") (4 January 1870, Rome, Papal States – 17 January 1935, Vienna, Federal State of Austria)","title":"Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg"},{"psg_id":"2413025","text":"given me.\" Of her six children, only one survived her, Louis, \"\", the oldest one, who died in 1711. One of her younger grandsons would eventually inherit her claim to the Spanish throne to become King Philip V of Spain in 1700. Maria Theresa was portrayed by Nathalie Cerda in the film Vatel (2000) and by French actress Elisa Lasowski in the TV series \"Versailles\", which ran for three seasons from 2015 to 2018. Maria Theresa of Spain Maria Theresa of Spain (; ; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683), was by birth Infanta of Spain and Portugal (until","title":"Maria Theresa of Spain"},{"psg_id":"2413024","text":"been rumors that Maria Theresa had an illegitimate daughter, Louise Marie Thérèse (The Black Nun of Moret). Maria Theresa played little part in political affairs except for the years 1667, 1672, and 1678, during which she acted as regent while her husband was away on campaigns on the frontier. During the last week of July 1683, Maria Theresa fell ill and, as her illness worsened, her husband ordered for the sacraments to be kept nearby. She died a painful death on 30 July 1683, at Versailles. Upon her death, Louis XIV said: \"This is the first chagrin which she has","title":"Maria Theresa of Spain"},{"psg_id":"10790827","text":"welcomed with open arms western Christian missionaries, who then bribed the Turkish government to give them the licence for the school and forbid Maria to carry on with her project. Left frustrated and angry to have been treated this way by fellow Christians, she sought sanctuary with the Arab Bedouins. She set about recording their daily lives, everything from the weddings and celebrations to their assaults on other tribes. She explains in great detail Bedouin life. Maria Theresa Asmar Maria Theresa Asmar (1804 – before 1870) was an ethnic Assyrian from Tel Keppe, Ottoman Empire, who wrote \"Memoirs of a","title":"Maria Theresa Asmar"},{"psg_id":"587740","text":"around the births; the war and child-bearing were carried on simultaneously. Five children were born during the peace between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War: Maria Johanna, Maria Josepha, Maria Carolina, Ferdinand and Maria Antonia. She delivered her last child, Maximilian Francis, during the Seven Years' War, aged 39. Maria Theresa asserted that, had she not been almost always pregnant, she would have gone into battle herself. Maria Theresa's mother, Empress Elisabeth Christine, died in 1750. Four years later, Maria Theresa's governess, Marie Karoline von Fuchs-Mollard, died. She showed her gratitude to Countess Fuchs by","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"9509583","text":"in appearance and personality, however, they were reported to have a good understanding of each other and had a very good relationship. Maria Theresa reportedly adapted well to her new home in Vienna and did not suffer from homesickness. She loved entertainment, and participated with enthusiasm in court life, and it was noted that she enjoyed dancing, participating in every carnival ball at court even while pregnant. She particularly enjoyed the Waltz, which had been recently introduced as an innovation and became fashionable during her life in Vienna. Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp described the view of Maria Theresa and","title":"Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily"},{"psg_id":"587746","text":"superstitious. However, she never allowed the Church to interfere with what she considered to be prerogatives of a monarch and kept Rome at arm's length. She controlled the selection of archbishops, bishops and abbots. Overall, the ecclesiastical policies of Maria Theresa were enacted to ensure the primacy of State control in Church-State relations. She was also influenced by Jansenist ideas. One of the most important aspects of Jansenism was the advocation of maximum freedom of national churches from Rome. Although Austria had always stressed the rights of the state in relation to the church, Jansenism provided new theoretical justification for","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587743","text":"life because, at the time, the concept of an extended incubation period was largely unknown and it was believed that Maria Josepha had caught smallpox from the body of the late empress. In April 1770, Maria Theresa's youngest daughter, Maria Antonia, married Louis, Dauphin of France, by proxy in Vienna. Maria Antonia's education was neglected, and when the French showed an interest in her, her mother went about educating her as best she could about the court of Versailles and the French. Maria Theresa kept up a fortnightly correspondence with Maria Antonia, now called Marie Antoinette, in which she often","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"12183111","text":"ultimately resulting in the recovery of the necklace, the imprisonment of her great-nephew, and the absconding of the two agents. Maria Theresa died in Vienna during World War II. She survived her husband by 48 years. Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal (; 24 August 1855 – 12 February 1944) was a Princess of the House of Braganza. She became by marriage an Archduchess of Austria and also sister-in-law of Emperors Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico, as well as step-grandmother of Emperor Charles I of Austria. Maria Teresa was born in","title":"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal"},{"psg_id":"7592227","text":"the war against Napoleon I. They were able to return in 1813. She was able to enjoy the title queen of Saxony for only a few months after the death of her brother-in-law Frederick Augustus I in May 1827. The latter's alliance with Napoleon led to significant losses of territory for Saxony at the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars. Maria Theresa died at Leipzig in 1827. Maria Theresa and Anthony were parents to four children, all of whom were born and died in Dresden; none survived to the age of two: Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827) Maria Theresa of Austria","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)"},{"psg_id":"587737","text":"French and Habsburg armies were destroyed by Frederick at Rossbach in 1757. After the defeat in Torgau on 3 November 1760, Maria Theresa realised that she could no longer reclaim Silesia. In the meantime, France was losing badly in America and India, and thus they had reduced their subsidies by 50%. Since 1761, Kaunitz had tried to organise a diplomatic congress to take advantage of the accession of George III of the United Kingdom, as he did not really care about Germany. Finally, the war was concluded by the Treaty of Hubertusburg and Paris in 1763. Austria had to leave","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587719","text":"without army, without experience and knowledge of my own and finally, also without any counsel because each one of them at first wanted to wait and see how things would develop.\" She dismissed the possibility that other countries might try to seize her territories and immediately started ensuring the imperial dignity for herself; since a woman could not be elected Holy Roman Empress, Maria Theresa wanted to secure the imperial office for her husband, but Francis Stephen did not possess enough land or rank within the Holy Roman Empire. In order to make him eligible for the imperial throne and","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587711","text":"her Latin to be quite good, but in all else, the Jesuits did not educate her well. Her spelling and punctuation were unconventional and she lacked the formal manner and speech which had characterised her Habsburg predecessors. Maria Theresa developed a close relationship with Countess Marie Karoline von Fuchs-Mollard, who taught her etiquette. She was educated in drawing, painting, music and dancing – the disciplines which would have prepared her for the role of queen consort. Her father allowed her to attend meetings of the council from the age of 14 but never discussed the affairs of state with her.","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"6998998","text":"Military Order of Maria Theresa The Military Order of Maria Theresa (, , , , , ) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg Monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. Founded on 18 June 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolin, by the Empress Maria Theresa, the honour was to reward especially meritorious and valorous acts by commissioned officers, including and especially the courageous act of defeating an enemy, and thus \"serving\" their monarch. It was specifically given for \"successful military acts of essential impact to a campaign that were undertaken on [the officer's] own initiative, and might","title":"Military Order of Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"6998993","text":"Military Order of Maria Theresa The Military Order of Maria Theresa (, , , , , ) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg Monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. Founded on 18 June 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolin, by the Empress Maria Theresa, the honour was to reward especially meritorious and valorous acts by commissioned officers, including and especially the courageous act of defeating an enemy, and thus \"serving\" their monarch. It was specifically given for \"successful military acts of essential impact to a campaign that were undertaken on [the officer's] own initiative, and might","title":"Military Order of Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"7592222","text":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827) Maria Theresa of Austria (\"Maria Theresia Josepha Charlotte Johanna\"; 14 January 1767 – 7 November 1827) was born an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Tuscany. She was later Queen of Saxony as the second wife and consort of King Anthony of Saxony. Maria Theresa was born in Florence, Italy, the eldest child of Grand Duke Peter Leopold of Tuscany (later Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain. Like all the eldest daughters of the children of her paternal grandparents, she was named after her grandmother, the Habsburg ruler","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)"},{"psg_id":"12183110","text":"his wife Zita into exile in Madeira, but eventually returned to Vienna, where she spent the rest of her life. In 1929, following a decline in her finances, Maria Theresa engaged two agents to sell the Napoleon Diamond Necklace, a piece inherited from her husband, in the United States. After a series of botched sales attempts, the pair finally sold the necklace for $60,000 with the aid of the great-nephew of Maria Theresa, the Archduke Leopold of Austria, Prince of Tuscany but he claimed nearly 90% of the sale price as \"expenses\". Maria Theresa appealed to the United States courts,","title":"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal"},{"psg_id":"7228174","text":"Act was not repealed until 1948 and, consequently, Maria Theresa would have been covered by its provisions. Following her death in 1919, Maria Theresa's son Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria inherited the Jacobite claim. Like his mother, he and his descendants have also refrained from pressing their claims to the British thrones. Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919) Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Maria Theresa Henriette Dorothee; 2 July 1849 – 3 February 1919) was the last Queen of Bavaria. She was the daughter and only child of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and his wife, Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria. On 20 February","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919)"},{"psg_id":"5470278","text":"would be about 151 or 153 degrees W of Greenwich. The character Cyrus Smith of \"The Mysterious Island\" seems to go wrong in his calculation of Tabor's position, possibly by as much as four degrees. Since Lincoln Island is positioned with reference to Tabor, this in turn means that the position of the Island can not reliably be determined. They could in fact be one and the same island due to a misreading of a meridian. Maria Theresa Reef The Maria Theresa Reef is a supposed reef in the South Pacific (south of the French Tuamotu islands and east of","title":"Maria Theresa Reef"},{"psg_id":"5470273","text":"and the folding map in \"Malte-Brun revised by E. Cortambert, vol. 4\" (without further reference) both mark \"Maria-Theresa,\" apparently 153 degrees W of Greenwich, and that no. 5356 also marks Ernest Legouve Reef. According to Krauth, who makes, however, several mistakes, the logbook of the \"Maria Theresa\" may read \"Saw breakers.\" Krauth further claims that Tabor would be in French waters if it existed. It was unsuccessfully searched for in 1957. In 1983, the position of the reef was recalculated at , more than 1,000 km further east, and searched for, but not found. Its existence is doubtful. Other nearby","title":"Maria Theresa Reef"},{"psg_id":"3088032","text":"Tanzania to Mozambique. Its popularity in the Red Sea region was such that merchants would not accept any other type of currency. The Italian government produced a similar designed coin in the hope of replacing the Maria Theresa thaler, but it never gained acceptance. The Maria Theresa thaler was also formerly the currency of the Hejaz, Yemen, the Aden Protectorate as well as Muscat and Oman on the Arabia peninsula. The coin remains popular in North Africa and the Middle East to this day in its original form: a silver coin with a portrait of the buxom empress on the","title":"Maria Theresa thaler"},{"psg_id":"15826902","text":"scholar. Her brother occasionally acted fops and footmen at Drury Lane and the Haymarket, and was subsequently an actor and a cowkeeper in America. Her sister Adelaide, an actress in a line similar to her own, was popular in Newcastle upon Tyne. Maria Theresa Kemble Maria Theresa Kemble (1774–1838), née Marie Thérèse Du Camp, was an Austrian-born English actress, singer, dancer and comic playwright on the stage. She was the wife of actor Charles Kemble. She was the daughter of Jeanne Dufour and George De Camp who were both performers. She was born in Vienna 17 January 1774 and brought","title":"Maria Theresa Kemble"},{"psg_id":"13178428","text":"over by Patrick Geddes in 1892. Patrick Geddes<BR> Outlook Tower \"Edinburgh in the 19th Century\" (1901)W.M.Gilbert<BR> \"Camera Obscura & World of Illusions reading material\" Maria Theresa Short Maria Theresa Short was an entrepreneur who increased public access to scientific equipment in Edinburgh in the 19th century. In the early 18th century, the Short family were scientific instrument makers in Edinburgh’s Southside. In 1776 their son Thomas leased some land on Calton Hill and built a Gothic House to display his instruments to the public. As a condition of his lease, the local council demanded that female relatives of Thomas could","title":"Maria Theresa Short"},{"psg_id":"9673932","text":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867) Maria Theresa of Austria (Maria Theresia Isabella; 31 July 1816 – 8 August 1867) was the second wife of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. She was the eldest daughter of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg. Her paternal grandparents were Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick William of Nassau-Weilburg (1768–1816) and his wife Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg. Maria Theresa was Princess-Abbess of the Theresian Royal and Imperial Ladies Chapter of the Castle of Prague (1834-1835). On 9 January 1837 in","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)"},{"psg_id":"15826894","text":"Maria Theresa Kemble Maria Theresa Kemble (1774–1838), née Marie Thérèse Du Camp, was an Austrian-born English actress, singer, dancer and comic playwright on the stage. She was the wife of actor Charles Kemble. She was the daughter of Jeanne Dufour and George De Camp who were both performers. She was born in Vienna 17 January 1774 and brought to England where she appeared as Cupid at the age of six years old in Jean-Georges Noverre.'s ballet at the Opera House. She spoke no English and learned the language herself although she was tutored in other subjects. Two years later she","title":"Maria Theresa Kemble"},{"psg_id":"9766113","text":"Wars, Maria Theresa and her sister Marie Joséphine left Turin for Novara, in parallel with the departure of Marie Joséphine's husband from Verona. While her sister continued to Austria, Maria Therese accepted her father's invitation to return to Turin after the peace between France and Savoy in May. In December 1798, when Piemonte was annexed by France, Maria Theresa left with her lady-in-waiting for Graz in Austria, where she was permitted to remain and where she died in 1805. Because she died before her spouse became King of France, she remained Countess of Artois. She was buried in the Imperial","title":"Maria Theresa of Savoy"},{"psg_id":"2413015","text":"interruption until present time. Born an Infanta of Spain at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial, she was the daughter of King Philip IV, and his wife Elisabeth of France, who died when Maria Theresa was six years old. As a member of the House of Austria, Maria Theresa was entitled to use the title Archduchess of Austria. She was known in Spain as María Teresa de Austria and in France as Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche. Unlike France, the kingdom of Spain had no Salic Law, so it was possible for a female to assume the throne. When Maria Theresa's brother Balthasar","title":"Maria Theresa of Spain"},{"psg_id":"9509580","text":"Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814). Born \"Maria Teresa\", and named after her maternal grandmother Maria Theresa of Austria, she was the eldest of 17 children born to her parents, the King and Queen of Naples and Sicily. She","title":"Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily"},{"psg_id":"7592223","text":"Maria Theresa. Maria Theresa and her siblings were given a somewhat different upbringing than was usual for royal children at the time: they were actually raised by their parents rather than a retinue of servants, were largely kept apart from any ceremonial court life and were taught to live simply and modestly. On 8 September 1787, Maria Theresa was married to Prince Anthony of Saxony by proxy in Florence; the couple later married in person in Dresden on 18 October 1787. Anthony had previously been married to Maria Carolina of Savoy, who died of smallpox in 1782. Mozart's opera \"Don","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)"},{"psg_id":"10825425","text":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855) Maria Theresa of Austria (21 March 1801 – 12 January 1855) was born an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany. She was a daughter of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Luisa of Naples and Sicily. She was named after her great-great-grandmother Empress Maria Theresa. In 1817, she married Charles Albert of Sardinia and subsequently became the Queen of Sardinia upon her husband's accession to the throne in 1831. \"Maria Theresia Franziska Josepha Johanna Benedikta\" (German) was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)"},{"psg_id":"7228169","text":"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919) Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Maria Theresa Henriette Dorothee; 2 July 1849 – 3 February 1919) was the last Queen of Bavaria. She was the daughter and only child of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and his wife, Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria. On 20 February 1868, at St. Augustine's Church in Vienna, Maria Theresa married the future Ludwig III, last king of Bavaria. The couple had thirteen children: On 20 February 1868 she married Prince Ludwig, eldest son of Bavaria's Prince Regent Luitpold, in the Augustinerkirche in Vienna. The couple had fallen in love during a visit","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919)"},{"psg_id":"12074300","text":"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1845–1927) Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (15 July 1845 – 8 October 1927) was a member of the Austrian house of Habsburg-Lorraine. Maria Theresa was a daughter of Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen and Princess Hildegard of Bavaria. In June 1862, King Louis I of Portugal asked Maria Theresa to marry him in a letter sent to her father. It was urgent for him to get married as his older brother, King Peter V, had died in November 1861, without issue and two of his younger brothers, John and Ferdinand, followed him shortly after, which","title":"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1845–1927)"},{"psg_id":"11189393","text":"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Maria Theresia Josefa Johanna; 1 November 1773 – 29 March 1832) was born an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Modena. She was later Queen of Sardinia as consort of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. She was born at the Royal Palace of Milan, a daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, governor of Milan and son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria after whom she was named. Her mother was Maria Beatrice d'Este, heiress to the Duchy of Modena. Maria Theresa married on 25 April 1789 at the","title":"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia"},{"psg_id":"13602936","text":"Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (German: \"Maria Theresa, Prinzessin von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg\") (4 January 1870, Rome, Papal States – 17 January 1935, Vienna, Federal State of Austria) was a Princess of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and a member of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg by birth and an Infanta of Portugal, Duchess consort of Braganza, and titular Queen consort of Portugal through her marriage to Miguel, Duke of Braganza, Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. Maria Theresa was the fifth child and fourth daughter of Charles, 6th Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, brother of titular Queen consort","title":"Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg"},{"psg_id":"587713","text":"differences prevented him from arranging his daughter's marriage to the Protestant prince Frederick of Prussia. In 1725, he betrothed her to Charles of Spain and her sister, Maria Anna, to Philip of Spain. Other European powers compelled him to renounce the pact he had made with the Queen of Spain, Elisabeth Farnese. Maria Theresa, who had become close to Francis Stephen, was relieved. Francis Stephen remained at the imperial court until 1729, when he ascended the throne of Lorraine, but was not formally promised Maria Theresa's hand until 31 January 1736, during the War of the Polish Succession. Louis XV","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587707","text":"Magdalene of the Palatinate-Neuburg, were her godmothers. Most descriptions of her baptism stress that the infant was carried ahead of her cousins, Maria Josepha and Maria Amalia, the daughters of Charles VI's elder brother and predecessor, Joseph I, before the eyes of their mother, Wilhelmine Amalia. It was clear that Maria Theresa would outrank them, even though their grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, had his sons sign the Mutual Pact of Succession, which gave precedence to the daughters of the elder brother. Her father was the only surviving male member of the House of Habsburg and hoped for a","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587763","text":"Theresa were \"really founded on Enlightenment ideas,\" although the ulterior motive was still to \"meet the needs of an absolutist state, as an increasingly sophisticated and complicated society and economy required new administrators, officers, diplomats and specialists in virtually every area.\" Previously, the existing primary schools were run by various orders of the Catholic Church. After her reform, compulsory and secular primary schools were established. Maria Theresa herself might have wanted the schools to teach Catholic orthodoxy, but the curriculum focused on social responsibility, social discipline, work ethic and the use of reason rather than mere rote learning. All children","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"12183104","text":"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal (; 24 August 1855 – 12 February 1944) was a Princess of the House of Braganza. She became by marriage an Archduchess of Austria and also sister-in-law of Emperors Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico, as well as step-grandmother of Emperor Charles I of Austria. Maria Teresa was born in Kleinheubach, Kingdom of Bavaria the second daughter of Miguel I of Portugal and Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. Her father became king of Portugal in 1828 after deposing his niece Queen Maria II. He reigned until 1834","title":"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal"},{"psg_id":"9006758","text":"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770) Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (, ; 20 March 176223 January 1770) was a daughter of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife, Isabella of Parma. Maria Theresa's parents, Crown Prince Joseph (future Holy Roman Emperor) and Princess Isabella of Parma were married in Vienna on 16 October 1760. In late 1761, Isabella became pregnant and on 20 March 1762, she delivered a daughter who was christened \"Maria Theresia Elisabeth Philippine Louise Josephe Johanna\" and was styled Archduchess of Austria. On her maternal side, little Maria Theresa descended from people such as","title":"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)"},{"psg_id":"13137061","text":"of the painting's highlights. Velasquez and his assistants created three paintings to be sent to potential husbands for the Infanta (who eventually married Louis XIV). Two other versions are on display in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Louvre. Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain The infanta Maria Theresa of Spain or The infanta Maria Theresa aged 14 is a 1653 portrait by Diego Velázquez of Maria Theresa of Spain. It has been cut down at the top and bottom and is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is considered one of the artist's","title":"Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain"},{"psg_id":"13137060","text":"Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain The infanta Maria Theresa of Spain or The infanta Maria Theresa aged 14 is a 1653 portrait by Diego Velázquez of Maria Theresa of Spain. It has been cut down at the top and bottom and is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is considered one of the artist's best late portraits, showing its subject in a majestic pose, illuminated in a light dress against a dark background. Its seriousness and formality is added to by the two watches she carries, whilst the handkerchief in her left hand is one","title":"Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain"},{"psg_id":"9766110","text":"her mother, died while the court was at Choisy-le-Roi at the age of just 6 months. Prior to the meeting of the Estates General, every member of the Royal Family was publicly mocked by libelous verses, in which Maria Theresa was claimed to have given birth to an illegitimate child. Maria Theresa left France with her spouse after the Storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, which marked the beginning of the French Revolution, and took refuge in her homeland of Savoy. She left one week after her spouse with a retinue of thirty people, and since she had","title":"Maria Theresa of Savoy"},{"psg_id":"9766106","text":"took place at the Palace of Versailles on 16 November 1773. As her husband was the grandson of a king, the newly named Marie Thérèse held the rank of \"granddaughter of France\", and was commonly referred to by the simple style \"Madame la comtesse d'Artois\". Maria Theresa was described as diminutive, somewhat ill-shaped, clumsy and with a long nose and was not regarded a beauty, but her complexion was generally admired; as a person, she was regarded as \"not distinguished in any sense\", but nevertheless goodhearted. Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau, who corresponded with Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa regarding","title":"Maria Theresa of Savoy"},{"psg_id":"2413013","text":"Maria Theresa of Spain Maria Theresa of Spain (; ; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683), was by birth Infanta of Spain and Portugal (until 1640) and Archduchess of Austria as member of the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and by marriage Queen of France. Her marriage in 1660 with King Louis XIV, her cousin, was made with the purpose of ending the long-standing war between France and Spain. Famed for her virtue and piety, she saw five of her six children die in early childhood, and is frequently viewed as an object of pity in historical","title":"Maria Theresa of Spain"},{"psg_id":"587723","text":"arrangement, but the Queen and her advisers were not, fearing that any violation of the Pragmatic Sanction would invalidate the entire document. Maria Theresa's firmness soon assured Francis Stephen that they should fight for Silesia, and she was confident that she would retain \"the jewel of the House of Austria\". The resulting war with Prussia is known as the First Silesian War. The invasion of Silesia by Frederick was the start of a lifelong enmity; she referred to him as \"that evil man\". As Austria was short of experienced military commanders, Maria Theresa released Marshall Neipperg, who had been imprisoned","title":"Maria Theresa"},{"psg_id":"587710","text":"eyes, fair hair with a slight tinge of red, a wide mouth and a notably strong body. Unlike many other members of the House of Habsburg, neither Maria Theresa's parents nor her grandparents were closely related to each other. Maria Theresa was a serious and reserved child who enjoyed singing and archery. She was barred from horse riding by her father, but she would later learn the basics for the sake of her Hungarian coronation ceremony. The imperial family staged opera productions, often conducted by Charles VI, in which she relished participating. Her education was overseen by Jesuits. Contemporaries thought","title":"Maria Theresa"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587704\",\n \"text\": \"the War of the Austrian Succession. In defiance of the grave situation, she managed to secure the vital support of the Hungarians for the war effort. Over the course of the war, despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy, Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire. Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War. Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, had eleven daughters, including the Queen of France, the Queen of Naples and Sicily, the Duchess of Parma, and five sons,\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587742\",\n \"text\": \"their age and rank. Following her fiftieth birthday in May 1767, Maria Theresa contracted smallpox from her daughter-in-law, Maria Josepha of Bavaria. She survived, but the new empress did not. Maria Theresa then forced her daughter, Archduchess Maria Josepha, to pray with her in the Imperial Crypt next to the unsealed tomb of Empress Maria Josepha. The Archduchess started showing smallpox rash two days after visiting the crypt and soon died. Maria Carolina was to replace her as the pre-determined bride of King Ferdinand IV of Naples. Maria Theresa blamed herself for her daughter's death for the rest of her\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587722\",\n \"text\": \"Wilhelmine Amalia, coveted portions of her inheritance. Maria Theresa did secure recognition from King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, who had not accepted the Pragmatic Sanction during her father's lifetime, in November 1740. In December, Frederick II of Prussia invaded the Duchy of Silesia and requested that Maria Theresa cede it, threatening to join her enemies if she refused. Maria Theresa decided to fight for the mineral-rich province. Frederick even offered a compromise: he would defend Maria Theresa's rights if she agreed to cede to him at least a part of Silesia. Francis Stephen was inclined to consider such an\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753826\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Definitive Collection\\\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \\\"Paper Lace\\\". I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587775\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa's protestations. Her sense of justice pushed her to reject the idea of partition, which would hurt the Polish people. She even once argued, \\\"What right have we to rob an innocent nation that it has hitherto been our boast to protect and support?\\\" The duo argued that it was too late to abort now. Besides, Maria Theresa herself agreed with the partition when she realised that Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine II of Russia would do it with or without Austrian participation. Maria Theresa claimed and eventually took Galicia and Lodomeria; in the words of Frederick, \\\"the\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13178425\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa Short Maria Theresa Short was an entrepreneur who increased public access to scientific equipment in Edinburgh in the 19th century. In the early 18th century, the Short family were scientific instrument makers in Edinburgh’s Southside. In 1776 their son Thomas leased some land on Calton Hill and built a Gothic House to display his instruments to the public. As a condition of his lease, the local council demanded that female relatives of Thomas could not inherit the building and its contents. When he died in 1788, his wife and children did not inherit it. In 1827 Maria Theresa\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Short\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587744\",\n \"text\": \"reproached her for laziness and frivolity and scolded her for failing to conceive a child. Maria Theresa was not just critical of Marie Antoinette. She disliked Leopold's reserve and often blamed him for being cold. She criticised Maria Carolina for her political activities, Ferdinand for his lack of organisation, and Maria Amalia for her poor French and haughtiness. The only child she did not constantly scold was Maria Christina, who enjoyed her mother's complete confidence, though she failed to please her mother in one aspect – she did not produce any surviving children. One of Maria Theresa's greatest wishes was\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587718\",\n \"text\": \"state in which I found the army, I cannot begin to describe it.\\\" Maria Theresa found herself in a difficult situation. She did not know enough about matters of state and she was unaware of the weakness of her father's ministers. She decided to rely on her father's advice to retain his counselors and to defer to her husband, whom she considered to be more experienced, on other matters. Both decisions later gave cause for regret. Ten years later, Maria Theresa recalled in her \\\"Political Testament\\\" the circumstances under which she had ascended: \\\"I found myself without money, without credit,\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587732\",\n \"text\": \"of Silesia, and Maria Theresa ceded the Duchy of Parma to Philip of Spain. France had successfully conquered the Austrian Netherlands, but Louis XV, wishing to prevent potential future wars with Austria, returned them to Maria Theresa. Frederick of Prussia's invasion of Saxony in August 1756 began a Third Silesian War and sparked the wider Seven Years' War. Maria Theresa and Kaunitz wished to exit the war with possession of Silesia. Before the war started, Kaunitz had been sent as an ambassador at Versailles from 1750-53 to win over the French. Meanwhile, the British still refused to help Maria Theresa\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13379019\",\n \"text\": \"Clark purchased the Scott Stamp and Coin Company and renamed it Scott Publications. They eventually sold the firm to Gordon R. Harmer in 1946. Theresa Maria Clark was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1954. Theresa Maria Clark Theresa Maria Clark (c.1890-1953) of New York City, was a philatelist and philatelic editor. She was born Theresa Maria Scheidemantel and married Hugh Massey Clark. In about 1908, Theresa Clark joined the Scott Stamp and Coin Company and served in various positions with the firm until 1946. While working at Scott’s, she met Hugh Massey Clark and the\",\n \"title\": \"Theresa Maria Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13379018\",\n \"text\": \"Theresa Maria Clark Theresa Maria Clark (c.1890-1953) of New York City, was a philatelist and philatelic editor. She was born Theresa Maria Scheidemantel and married Hugh Massey Clark. In about 1908, Theresa Clark joined the Scott Stamp and Coin Company and served in various positions with the firm until 1946. While working at Scott’s, she met Hugh Massey Clark and the two eventually married. They both were co-editors of the 1935 and 1936 issues of the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue. Theresa also, while at Scott, was the editor of \\\"The Chronicle of New Issues\\\". In 1938 Theresa and Hugh\",\n \"title\": \"Theresa Maria Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587739\",\n \"text\": \"and so would the births of Maria Anna, the eldest surviving child, and Maria Carolina (1740–1741). While fighting to preserve her inheritance, Maria Theresa gave birth to a son named after Saint Joseph, to whom she had repeatedly prayed for a male child during the pregnancy. Maria Theresa's favourite child, Maria Christina, was born on her 25th birthday, four days before the defeat of the Austrian army in Chotusitz. Five more children were born during the war: Maria Elisabeth, Charles, Maria Amalia, Leopold and Maria Carolina (1748–1748). During this period, there was no rest for Maria Theresa during pregnancies or\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18491073\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa Lewis (Maria) Theresa Lewis (born Villiers, later Lister; 8 March 1803 – 9 November 1865) was a British writer and biographer. Maria Theresa Villiers was born on 8 March 1803. She was the daughter of the Honourable George Villiers, a member of the aristocratic Villiers family, and Theresa Parker. On 6 November 1830, Lister married the novelist Thomas Henry Lister. They had three children: Thomas, Maria and Alice. Her son, Thomas Villiers Lister (1832–1902), married first Fanny Harriet Coryton and secondly Florence Selina Hamilton, daughter of geologist William John Hamilton and his second wife Margaret Frances Florence Dillon.\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587771\",\n \"text\": \"possess enough land to maintain the Empire's integrity, Maria Theresa, who was used to being assisted in the administration of her vast realms, declared Joseph to be her new co-ruler on 17 September 1765. From then on, mother and son had frequent ideological disagreements. The 22 million gulden that Joseph inherited from his father was injected into the treasury. Maria Theresa had another loss in February 1766 when Haugwitz died. She gave her son absolute control over the military following the death of Count Leopold Joseph von Daun. According to Robert A. Kann, Maria Theresa was a monarch of above-average\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587728\",\n \"text\": \"heir, Joseph, while weeping, and she dramatically consigned the future king to the defense of the \\\"brave Hungarians\\\". This act managed to win the sympathy of the members, and they declared that they would die for Maria Theresa. In 1741, the Austrian authorities informed Maria Theresa that the Bohemian populace would prefer Charles Albert to her as sovereign. Maria Theresa, desperate and burdened by pregnancy, wrote plaintively to her sister: \\\"I don't know if a town will remain to me for my delivery.\\\" She bitterly vowed to spare nothing and no one to defend her kingdom when she wrote to\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587709\",\n \"text\": \"that Austria abolish the Ostend Company in return for its recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction. In total, Great Britain, France, Saxony, United Provinces, Spain, Prussia, Russia, Denmark, Sardinia, Bavaria and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised the sanction. France, Spain, Saxony, Bavaria and Prussia later reneged. Little more than a year after her birth, Maria Theresa was joined by a sister, Maria Anna, and another one, named Maria Amalia, was born in 1724. The portraits of the imperial family show that Maria Theresa resembled Elisabeth Christine and Maria Anna. The Prussian ambassador noted that she had large blue\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18491076\",\n \"text\": \"the year 1783 to 1852\\\". Lady Lewis also edited a novel by the Hon. Emily Eden called \\\"The Semi-Detached House\\\" in 1859, and she wrote two plays, based on fairy tales, for children to perform. Lewis died in Brasenose College in Oxford in 1865 from cancer. Maria Theresa Lewis (Maria) Theresa Lewis (born Villiers, later Lister; 8 March 1803 – 9 November 1865) was a British writer and biographer. Maria Theresa Villiers was born on 8 March 1803. She was the daughter of the Honourable George Villiers, a member of the aristocratic Villiers family, and Theresa Parker. On 6 November\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9673933\",\n \"text\": \"at the Augustinian Church in Vienna, Maria Theresa married Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. The bride was almost twenty-one years old and the groom twenty-seven. Queen Maria Theresa is described as badly dressed and did not answer to the ideal of a regal person: she disliked her public role and life at court and preferred to confine herself to her private rooms dedicated to needlework and her children. She had a good relationship to both her spouse and her stepson Francis: her stepson respected her and she used to demonstratively call him her son. Maria Theresa was interested in\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587721\",\n \"text\": \"display of the new queen's authority was the formal act of homage of the Lower Austrian Estates to her on 22 November 1740. It was an elaborate public event which served as a formal recognition and legitimation of her accession. The oath of fealty to Maria Theresa was taken on the same day in the Ritterstube of the Hofburg. Immediately after her accession, a number of European sovereigns who had recognised Maria Theresa as heir broke their promises. Queen Elisabeth of Spain and Elector Charles Albert of Bavaria, married to Maria Theresa's deprived cousin Maria Amalia and supported by Empress\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5470272\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa Reef The Maria Theresa Reef is a supposed reef in the South Pacific (south of the French Tuamotu islands and east of New Zealand); it appears to be a phantom reef. It is also known as Tabor Island or Tabor Reef on French maps. It was reported in three contemporary newspapers as a dangerous reef seen on 16 November 1843 by a Captain Asaph P. Taber (not \\\"Tabor\\\") of the \\\"Maria-Theresa\\\", a New Bedford, Massachusetts, whaler, to be situated at , later adjusted to . Jean-Paul Faivre reports that map no. 5356 of the (French) Naval Hydrographic Office\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Reef\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3088026\",\n \"text\": \"when it was accepted formally in the Bavarian monetary convention. Because of the date of the Bavarian Monetary convention, many writers erroneously state that the Maria Theresa Thaler was first struck in 1751. Since the death of Maria Theresa in 1780, the coin has always been dated 1780. On 19 September 1857, Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria declared the Maria Theresa thaler to be an official trade coinage. A little over a year later, on 31 October 1858, it lost its status as currency in Austria. The MTT could also be found throughout the Arab world, especially in Saudi Arabia,\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa thaler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10790826\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa Asmar Maria Theresa Asmar (1804 – before 1870) was an ethnic Assyrian from Tel Keppe, Ottoman Empire, who wrote \\\"Memoirs of a Babylonian Princess\\\", which consists of two volumes and 720 pages. This book was written in the early 19th century, describing her travels through Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine and the harem system used in Turkey. It was translated into English in 1844. Maria Theresa Asmar died in France before the Franco-Prussian War, and was known as Babylon's Princess in Europe. Facing tremendous obstacles, Asmar, an Assyrian woman, set up a school for women in Baghdad and\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Asmar\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587747\",\n \"text\": \"this. Maria Theresa promoted the Greek Catholics and emphasised their equal status with Roman Catholics. Despite the fact that Maria Theresa was a very pious person, she also enacted policies that suppressed exaggerated display of piety, such as the prohibition of public flagellantism. Furthermore, she significantly reduced the number of religious holidays and monastic orders. Her relationship with the Jesuits was complex. Members of this order educated her, served as her confessors, and supervised the religious education of her eldest son. The Jesuits were powerful and influential in the early years of Maria Theresa's reign. However, the queen's ministers convinced\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587738\",\n \"text\": \"the Prussian territories that were occupied. Although Silesia remained under the control of Prussia, a new balance of power was created in Europe, and Austrian position was strengthened by it thanks to its alliance with the Bourbons in Madrid, Parma and Naples. Maria Theresa herself decided to focus on domestic reforms and refrain from undertaking any further military operations. Over the course of twenty years, Maria Theresa gave birth to sixteen children, thirteen of whom survived infancy. The first child, Maria Elisabeth (1737–1740), was born a little less than a year after the wedding. The child's sex caused great disappointment\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587708\",\n \"text\": \"son who would prevent the extinction of his dynasty and succeed him. Thus, the birth of Maria Theresa was a great disappointment to him and the people of Vienna; Charles never managed to overcome this feeling. Maria Theresa replaced Maria Josepha as heir presumptive to the Habsburg realms the moment she was born; Charles VI had issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 which had placed his nieces behind his own daughters in the line of succession. Charles sought the other European powers' approval for disinheriting his nieces. They exacted harsh terms: in the Treaty of Vienna (1731), Great Britain demanded\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12427568\",\n \"text\": \"father as rightful king of Portugal acknowledged Maria Theresa as an Infanta of Portugal. Maria Theresa married Prince Karl Ludwig of Thurn and Taxis (1863–1942), a member of the Czech branch of the family, son of Prince Maximilian Karl Friedrich of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Amélie Eugénie de Tascher de La Pagerie, on 22 May 1900 in Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. Maria Theresa and Karl Ludwig had one son: Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza Maria Teresa of Bragança, Infanta of Portugal (Maria Teresa Carolina Micaela Ana Josefina Antónia Francisca de Assis e de Paula Brígida Pia Gerardina Severina Inácia\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9766102\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Savoy Maria Theresa of Savoy (Maria Teresa; 31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) was a French princess (Countess of Artois) by marriage to Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, grandson of Louis XV and younger brother of Louis XVI. Some nineteen years after her death, her spouse assumed the throne of France as King Charles X. Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy was born at the Royal Palace in Turin during the reign of her grandfather Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia. The daughter of the heir apparent and his wife, Victor Amadeus and Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain,\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Savoy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9766114\",\n \"text\": \"Mausoleum near to Graz Cathedral. Maria Theresa of Savoy Maria Theresa of Savoy (Maria Teresa; 31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) was a French princess (Countess of Artois) by marriage to Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, grandson of Louis XV and younger brother of Louis XVI. Some nineteen years after her death, her spouse assumed the throne of France as King Charles X. Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy was born at the Royal Palace in Turin during the reign of her grandfather Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia. The daughter of the heir apparent and his wife, Victor Amadeus and\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Savoy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9006760\",\n \"text\": \"close to her youngest paternal aunt, Archduchess Maria Antonia, just seven years her senior. She was Maria Theresa's first grandchild. Just a few months short of her eighth birthday, Archduchess Maria Theresa became ill with pleurisy. Her father, by that time \\\"Holy Roman Emperor\\\", did everything in his power to save her and attended her bedside even at night. However, the medicine in those days was highly undeveloped and Archduchess Maria Theresa died on 23 January 1770 from a very high fever. Her father was heartbroken. When Khevenhüller had to disturb Joseph in order to make the arrangements for the\",\n \"title\": \"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5470274\",\n \"text\": \"historically reported reefs which also may not exist are: Jupiter Reef, Wachusett Reef, and Ernest Legouve Reef. The historical sightings of these reefs were probably inspired by the supposed existence of Maria Theresa Reef. Even in the 21st century, some map and atlas publishers still show this fictitious group of reefs in the South Pacific. In 1966 amateur radio journal \\\"CQ\\\" published a photo and description of Don Miller transmitting from what he claimed was Maria Teresa Reef. This has been since proven to be a hoax. Hugh Cassidy, discussing his escapades, claims that \\\"A nautical chart... issued by the\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Reef\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587779\",\n \"text\": \"throne and her sex, and though he had fought against her in three wars, he never considered her his enemy. With her death, the House of Habsburg died out and was replaced by the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph, already co-sovereign of the Habsburg dominions, succeeded her, and he introduced sweeping reforms in the empire; Joseph II produced nearly 700 edicts per year (or almost two per day), whereas Maria Theresa only issued about 100 edicts per year. Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public \\\"persona\\\" and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects; a\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587777\",\n \"text\": \"Netherlands. This alarmed Frederick II of Prussia, and thus the War of Bavarian Succession erupted in 1778. Maria Theresa very unwilingly consented to the occupation of Bavaria, and a year later she made peace proposals to Frederick II despite Joseph's objections. Although Austria managed to gain the Innviertel area, this \\\"Potato War\\\" caused a setback to the financial improvement that the Habsburg had made. The 500,000 gulden in annual revenue from 100,000 inhabitants of Innviertel were not comparable to the 100,000,000 gulden that were spent during the war. It is unlikely that Maria Theresa ever completely recovered from the smallpox\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587769\",\n \"text\": \"and their family members, but also help cover the national expenditure in peace or war. However, such reform was fiercely resisted by the Hungarian nobility. Meanwhile, Joseph was hoping for a more radical change, and he himself abolished forced peasant labour during his reign in 1789, although this was later retracted by Emperor Leopold II. Emperor Francis died on 18 August 1765, while he and the court were in Innsbruck celebrating the wedding of his second son, Leopold. Maria Theresa was devastated. Their eldest son, Joseph, became Holy Roman Emperor. Maria Theresa abandoned all ornamentation, had her hair cut short,\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587768\",\n \"text\": \"peasant well-being. Although Maria Theresa was initially reluctant to meddle in such affairs, government interventions were made possible by the perceived need for economic power and the emergence of a functioning bureaucracy, and interventions were also further eased by widespread peasant unrest induced by the effects of war and famine in 1770-2 and noble abuse of manorial rights. In 1771-78, a series of \\\"Robot Patents\\\" were issued by Maria Theresa, and these patents regulated and restricted peasant labour only in the German and Bohemian parts of the realm. The goal was to ensure that peasants not only could support themselves\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587764\",\n \"text\": \"of both genders from the ages of six to twelve were required to attend school. The education reform was met with hostility particularly by peasants who wanted the children to work in the fields instead. Maria Theresa crushed the dissent by ordering the arrest of all those opposed. Overall, although the idea had merit, the reforms were not as successful as they were expected to be; in some parts of Austria, half of the population was illiterate well into the 19th century. Maria Theresa permitted non-Catholics to attend university and allowed the introduction of secular subjects (such as law), which\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587758\",\n \"text\": \"state revenues substantially. In 1775, for the first time ever the Habsburg Monarchy achieved its first balanced budget, and by 1780, the Habsburg state revenue had reached 50 million gulden. After Maria Theresa recruited Gerard van Swieten from the Netherlands, he also employed a fellow Dutchman named Anton de Haen, and de Haen was the actual founder of the Viennese Medicine School (\\\"Wiener Medizinischen Schule\\\"). Maria Theresa also banned the creation of new burial grounds without prior government permission, thus countering wasteful and unhygienic burial customs. Meanwhile, her decision to have her children inoculated after the smallpox epidemic of 1767\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587756\",\n \"text\": \"In addition to this, there was the \\\"Hofrechenskammer\\\" or the exchequer which was tasked with the handling of all financial accounts. Meanwhile, in 1760, Maria Theresa created the Council of State (\\\"Staatsrat\\\"), composed of the state chancellor, three members of the high nobility and three knights, which served as a committee of experienced people who advised her. The council of state lacked executive or legislative authority, but nevertheless showed the difference between the form of government employed by Frederick II of Prussia. Unlike the latter, Maria Theresa was not an autocrat who acted as her own minister. Prussia would adopt\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587753\",\n \"text\": \"In 1764, she ordered the release of those Jews who had been jailed for a blood libel in the village of Orkuta. Notwithstanding her strong dislike of Jews, Maria Theresa supported Jewish commercial and industrial activity in Austria. There were also parts of the realm where the Jews were treated better, such as Trieste, Gorizia and Vorarlberg. Maria Theresa was as conservative in matters of state as in those of religion, but implemented significant reforms to strengthen Austria's military and bureaucratic efficiency. She employed Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz, who modernised the empire by creating a standing army of 108,000\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9673935\",\n \"text\": \"of Naples. Francis' spouse Duchess Maria Sophia in Bavaria, however, disputed her influence and Francis had a difficult position in the conflict between his wife and stepmother, without being able to satisfy either. Maria Sophia informed Francis about a plot created by Maria Theresa with the attempt to put the biological son of Maria Theresa on the throne, but Francis chose to believe Maria Theresa when she swore her innocence. It was not until the revolts against the monarchy had already begun that Francis decided to listen to the advice of his wife rather than his stepmother. Maria Theresa was\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13602937\",\n \"text\": \"of Portugal Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, and his wife Princess Sophie of Liechtenstein. Maria Theresa was an elder sister of Aloys, 7th Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. Maria Theresa married her first cousin Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza, only son and second eldest child of former King Miguel of Portugal and his wife Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, on 8 November 1893 in Kleinheubach, Kingdom of Bavaria. Maria Theresa and Miguel had eight children: Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (German: \\\"Maria Theresa, Prinzessin von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg\\\") (4 January 1870, Rome, Papal States – 17 January 1935, Vienna, Federal State of Austria)\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2413025\",\n \"text\": \"given me.\\\" Of her six children, only one survived her, Louis, \\\"\\\", the oldest one, who died in 1711. One of her younger grandsons would eventually inherit her claim to the Spanish throne to become King Philip V of Spain in 1700. Maria Theresa was portrayed by Nathalie Cerda in the film Vatel (2000) and by French actress Elisa Lasowski in the TV series \\\"Versailles\\\", which ran for three seasons from 2015 to 2018. Maria Theresa of Spain Maria Theresa of Spain (; ; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683), was by birth Infanta of Spain and Portugal (until\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2413024\",\n \"text\": \"been rumors that Maria Theresa had an illegitimate daughter, Louise Marie Thérèse (The Black Nun of Moret). Maria Theresa played little part in political affairs except for the years 1667, 1672, and 1678, during which she acted as regent while her husband was away on campaigns on the frontier. During the last week of July 1683, Maria Theresa fell ill and, as her illness worsened, her husband ordered for the sacraments to be kept nearby. She died a painful death on 30 July 1683, at Versailles. Upon her death, Louis XIV said: \\\"This is the first chagrin which she has\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10790827\",\n \"text\": \"welcomed with open arms western Christian missionaries, who then bribed the Turkish government to give them the licence for the school and forbid Maria to carry on with her project. Left frustrated and angry to have been treated this way by fellow Christians, she sought sanctuary with the Arab Bedouins. She set about recording their daily lives, everything from the weddings and celebrations to their assaults on other tribes. She explains in great detail Bedouin life. Maria Theresa Asmar Maria Theresa Asmar (1804 – before 1870) was an ethnic Assyrian from Tel Keppe, Ottoman Empire, who wrote \\\"Memoirs of a\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Asmar\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587740\",\n \"text\": \"around the births; the war and child-bearing were carried on simultaneously. Five children were born during the peace between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War: Maria Johanna, Maria Josepha, Maria Carolina, Ferdinand and Maria Antonia. She delivered her last child, Maximilian Francis, during the Seven Years' War, aged 39. Maria Theresa asserted that, had she not been almost always pregnant, she would have gone into battle herself. Maria Theresa's mother, Empress Elisabeth Christine, died in 1750. Four years later, Maria Theresa's governess, Marie Karoline von Fuchs-Mollard, died. She showed her gratitude to Countess Fuchs by\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9509583\",\n \"text\": \"in appearance and personality, however, they were reported to have a good understanding of each other and had a very good relationship. Maria Theresa reportedly adapted well to her new home in Vienna and did not suffer from homesickness. She loved entertainment, and participated with enthusiasm in court life, and it was noted that she enjoyed dancing, participating in every carnival ball at court even while pregnant. She particularly enjoyed the Waltz, which had been recently introduced as an innovation and became fashionable during her life in Vienna. Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp described the view of Maria Theresa and\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587746\",\n \"text\": \"superstitious. However, she never allowed the Church to interfere with what she considered to be prerogatives of a monarch and kept Rome at arm's length. She controlled the selection of archbishops, bishops and abbots. Overall, the ecclesiastical policies of Maria Theresa were enacted to ensure the primacy of State control in Church-State relations. She was also influenced by Jansenist ideas. One of the most important aspects of Jansenism was the advocation of maximum freedom of national churches from Rome. Although Austria had always stressed the rights of the state in relation to the church, Jansenism provided new theoretical justification for\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587743\",\n \"text\": \"life because, at the time, the concept of an extended incubation period was largely unknown and it was believed that Maria Josepha had caught smallpox from the body of the late empress. In April 1770, Maria Theresa's youngest daughter, Maria Antonia, married Louis, Dauphin of France, by proxy in Vienna. Maria Antonia's education was neglected, and when the French showed an interest in her, her mother went about educating her as best she could about the court of Versailles and the French. Maria Theresa kept up a fortnightly correspondence with Maria Antonia, now called Marie Antoinette, in which she often\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12183111\",\n \"text\": \"ultimately resulting in the recovery of the necklace, the imprisonment of her great-nephew, and the absconding of the two agents. Maria Theresa died in Vienna during World War II. She survived her husband by 48 years. Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal (; 24 August 1855 – 12 February 1944) was a Princess of the House of Braganza. She became by marriage an Archduchess of Austria and also sister-in-law of Emperors Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico, as well as step-grandmother of Emperor Charles I of Austria. Maria Teresa was born in\",\n \"title\": \"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7592227\",\n \"text\": \"the war against Napoleon I. They were able to return in 1813. She was able to enjoy the title queen of Saxony for only a few months after the death of her brother-in-law Frederick Augustus I in May 1827. The latter's alliance with Napoleon led to significant losses of territory for Saxony at the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars. Maria Theresa died at Leipzig in 1827. Maria Theresa and Anthony were parents to four children, all of whom were born and died in Dresden; none survived to the age of two: Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827) Maria Theresa of Austria\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587737\",\n \"text\": \"French and Habsburg armies were destroyed by Frederick at Rossbach in 1757. After the defeat in Torgau on 3 November 1760, Maria Theresa realised that she could no longer reclaim Silesia. In the meantime, France was losing badly in America and India, and thus they had reduced their subsidies by 50%. Since 1761, Kaunitz had tried to organise a diplomatic congress to take advantage of the accession of George III of the United Kingdom, as he did not really care about Germany. Finally, the war was concluded by the Treaty of Hubertusburg and Paris in 1763. Austria had to leave\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587719\",\n \"text\": \"without army, without experience and knowledge of my own and finally, also without any counsel because each one of them at first wanted to wait and see how things would develop.\\\" She dismissed the possibility that other countries might try to seize her territories and immediately started ensuring the imperial dignity for herself; since a woman could not be elected Holy Roman Empress, Maria Theresa wanted to secure the imperial office for her husband, but Francis Stephen did not possess enough land or rank within the Holy Roman Empire. In order to make him eligible for the imperial throne and\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587711\",\n \"text\": \"her Latin to be quite good, but in all else, the Jesuits did not educate her well. Her spelling and punctuation were unconventional and she lacked the formal manner and speech which had characterised her Habsburg predecessors. Maria Theresa developed a close relationship with Countess Marie Karoline von Fuchs-Mollard, who taught her etiquette. She was educated in drawing, painting, music and dancing – the disciplines which would have prepared her for the role of queen consort. Her father allowed her to attend meetings of the council from the age of 14 but never discussed the affairs of state with her.\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6998998\",\n \"text\": \"Military Order of Maria Theresa The Military Order of Maria Theresa (, , , , , ) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg Monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. Founded on 18 June 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolin, by the Empress Maria Theresa, the honour was to reward especially meritorious and valorous acts by commissioned officers, including and especially the courageous act of defeating an enemy, and thus \\\"serving\\\" their monarch. It was specifically given for \\\"successful military acts of essential impact to a campaign that were undertaken on [the officer's] own initiative, and might\",\n \"title\": \"Military Order of Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6998993\",\n \"text\": \"Military Order of Maria Theresa The Military Order of Maria Theresa (, , , , , ) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg Monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. Founded on 18 June 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolin, by the Empress Maria Theresa, the honour was to reward especially meritorious and valorous acts by commissioned officers, including and especially the courageous act of defeating an enemy, and thus \\\"serving\\\" their monarch. It was specifically given for \\\"successful military acts of essential impact to a campaign that were undertaken on [the officer's] own initiative, and might\",\n \"title\": \"Military Order of Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7592222\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827) Maria Theresa of Austria (\\\"Maria Theresia Josepha Charlotte Johanna\\\"; 14 January 1767 – 7 November 1827) was born an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Tuscany. She was later Queen of Saxony as the second wife and consort of King Anthony of Saxony. Maria Theresa was born in Florence, Italy, the eldest child of Grand Duke Peter Leopold of Tuscany (later Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain. Like all the eldest daughters of the children of her paternal grandparents, she was named after her grandmother, the Habsburg ruler\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12183110\",\n \"text\": \"his wife Zita into exile in Madeira, but eventually returned to Vienna, where she spent the rest of her life. In 1929, following a decline in her finances, Maria Theresa engaged two agents to sell the Napoleon Diamond Necklace, a piece inherited from her husband, in the United States. After a series of botched sales attempts, the pair finally sold the necklace for $60,000 with the aid of the great-nephew of Maria Theresa, the Archduke Leopold of Austria, Prince of Tuscany but he claimed nearly 90% of the sale price as \\\"expenses\\\". Maria Theresa appealed to the United States courts,\",\n \"title\": \"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7228174\",\n \"text\": \"Act was not repealed until 1948 and, consequently, Maria Theresa would have been covered by its provisions. Following her death in 1919, Maria Theresa's son Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria inherited the Jacobite claim. Like his mother, he and his descendants have also refrained from pressing their claims to the British thrones. Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919) Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Maria Theresa Henriette Dorothee; 2 July 1849 – 3 February 1919) was the last Queen of Bavaria. She was the daughter and only child of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and his wife, Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria. On 20 February\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5470278\",\n \"text\": \"would be about 151 or 153 degrees W of Greenwich. The character Cyrus Smith of \\\"The Mysterious Island\\\" seems to go wrong in his calculation of Tabor's position, possibly by as much as four degrees. Since Lincoln Island is positioned with reference to Tabor, this in turn means that the position of the Island can not reliably be determined. They could in fact be one and the same island due to a misreading of a meridian. Maria Theresa Reef The Maria Theresa Reef is a supposed reef in the South Pacific (south of the French Tuamotu islands and east of\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Reef\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5470273\",\n \"text\": \"and the folding map in \\\"Malte-Brun revised by E. Cortambert, vol. 4\\\" (without further reference) both mark \\\"Maria-Theresa,\\\" apparently 153 degrees W of Greenwich, and that no. 5356 also marks Ernest Legouve Reef. According to Krauth, who makes, however, several mistakes, the logbook of the \\\"Maria Theresa\\\" may read \\\"Saw breakers.\\\" Krauth further claims that Tabor would be in French waters if it existed. It was unsuccessfully searched for in 1957. In 1983, the position of the reef was recalculated at , more than 1,000 km further east, and searched for, but not found. Its existence is doubtful. Other nearby\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Reef\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3088032\",\n \"text\": \"Tanzania to Mozambique. Its popularity in the Red Sea region was such that merchants would not accept any other type of currency. The Italian government produced a similar designed coin in the hope of replacing the Maria Theresa thaler, but it never gained acceptance. The Maria Theresa thaler was also formerly the currency of the Hejaz, Yemen, the Aden Protectorate as well as Muscat and Oman on the Arabia peninsula. The coin remains popular in North Africa and the Middle East to this day in its original form: a silver coin with a portrait of the buxom empress on the\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa thaler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15826902\",\n \"text\": \"scholar. Her brother occasionally acted fops and footmen at Drury Lane and the Haymarket, and was subsequently an actor and a cowkeeper in America. Her sister Adelaide, an actress in a line similar to her own, was popular in Newcastle upon Tyne. Maria Theresa Kemble Maria Theresa Kemble (1774–1838), née Marie Thérèse Du Camp, was an Austrian-born English actress, singer, dancer and comic playwright on the stage. She was the wife of actor Charles Kemble. She was the daughter of Jeanne Dufour and George De Camp who were both performers. She was born in Vienna 17 January 1774 and brought\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Kemble\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13178428\",\n \"text\": \"over by Patrick Geddes in 1892. Patrick Geddes<BR> Outlook Tower \\\"Edinburgh in the 19th Century\\\" (1901)W.M.Gilbert<BR> \\\"Camera Obscura & World of Illusions reading material\\\" Maria Theresa Short Maria Theresa Short was an entrepreneur who increased public access to scientific equipment in Edinburgh in the 19th century. In the early 18th century, the Short family were scientific instrument makers in Edinburgh’s Southside. In 1776 their son Thomas leased some land on Calton Hill and built a Gothic House to display his instruments to the public. As a condition of his lease, the local council demanded that female relatives of Thomas could\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Short\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9673932\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867) Maria Theresa of Austria (Maria Theresia Isabella; 31 July 1816 – 8 August 1867) was the second wife of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. She was the eldest daughter of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg. Her paternal grandparents were Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick William of Nassau-Weilburg (1768–1816) and his wife Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg. Maria Theresa was Princess-Abbess of the Theresian Royal and Imperial Ladies Chapter of the Castle of Prague (1834-1835). On 9 January 1837 in\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15826894\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa Kemble Maria Theresa Kemble (1774–1838), née Marie Thérèse Du Camp, was an Austrian-born English actress, singer, dancer and comic playwright on the stage. She was the wife of actor Charles Kemble. She was the daughter of Jeanne Dufour and George De Camp who were both performers. She was born in Vienna 17 January 1774 and brought to England where she appeared as Cupid at the age of six years old in Jean-Georges Noverre.'s ballet at the Opera House. She spoke no English and learned the language herself although she was tutored in other subjects. Two years later she\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa Kemble\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9766113\",\n \"text\": \"Wars, Maria Theresa and her sister Marie Joséphine left Turin for Novara, in parallel with the departure of Marie Joséphine's husband from Verona. While her sister continued to Austria, Maria Therese accepted her father's invitation to return to Turin after the peace between France and Savoy in May. In December 1798, when Piemonte was annexed by France, Maria Theresa left with her lady-in-waiting for Graz in Austria, where she was permitted to remain and where she died in 1805. Because she died before her spouse became King of France, she remained Countess of Artois. She was buried in the Imperial\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Savoy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2413015\",\n \"text\": \"interruption until present time. Born an Infanta of Spain at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial, she was the daughter of King Philip IV, and his wife Elisabeth of France, who died when Maria Theresa was six years old. As a member of the House of Austria, Maria Theresa was entitled to use the title Archduchess of Austria. She was known in Spain as María Teresa de Austria and in France as Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche. Unlike France, the kingdom of Spain had no Salic Law, so it was possible for a female to assume the throne. When Maria Theresa's brother Balthasar\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9509580\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814). Born \\\"Maria Teresa\\\", and named after her maternal grandmother Maria Theresa of Austria, she was the eldest of 17 children born to her parents, the King and Queen of Naples and Sicily. She\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7592223\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa. Maria Theresa and her siblings were given a somewhat different upbringing than was usual for royal children at the time: they were actually raised by their parents rather than a retinue of servants, were largely kept apart from any ceremonial court life and were taught to live simply and modestly. On 8 September 1787, Maria Theresa was married to Prince Anthony of Saxony by proxy in Florence; the couple later married in person in Dresden on 18 October 1787. Anthony had previously been married to Maria Carolina of Savoy, who died of smallpox in 1782. Mozart's opera \\\"Don\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10825425\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855) Maria Theresa of Austria (21 March 1801 – 12 January 1855) was born an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany. She was a daughter of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Luisa of Naples and Sicily. She was named after her great-great-grandmother Empress Maria Theresa. In 1817, she married Charles Albert of Sardinia and subsequently became the Queen of Sardinia upon her husband's accession to the throne in 1831. \\\"Maria Theresia Franziska Josepha Johanna Benedikta\\\" (German) was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7228169\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919) Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Maria Theresa Henriette Dorothee; 2 July 1849 – 3 February 1919) was the last Queen of Bavaria. She was the daughter and only child of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and his wife, Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria. On 20 February 1868, at St. Augustine's Church in Vienna, Maria Theresa married the future Ludwig III, last king of Bavaria. The couple had thirteen children: On 20 February 1868 she married Prince Ludwig, eldest son of Bavaria's Prince Regent Luitpold, in the Augustinerkirche in Vienna. The couple had fallen in love during a visit\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12074300\",\n \"text\": \"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1845–1927) Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (15 July 1845 – 8 October 1927) was a member of the Austrian house of Habsburg-Lorraine. Maria Theresa was a daughter of Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen and Princess Hildegard of Bavaria. In June 1862, King Louis I of Portugal asked Maria Theresa to marry him in a letter sent to her father. It was urgent for him to get married as his older brother, King Peter V, had died in November 1861, without issue and two of his younger brothers, John and Ferdinand, followed him shortly after, which\",\n \"title\": \"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1845–1927)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11189393\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Maria Theresia Josefa Johanna; 1 November 1773 – 29 March 1832) was born an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Modena. She was later Queen of Sardinia as consort of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. She was born at the Royal Palace of Milan, a daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, governor of Milan and son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria after whom she was named. Her mother was Maria Beatrice d'Este, heiress to the Duchy of Modena. Maria Theresa married on 25 April 1789 at the\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13602936\",\n \"text\": \"Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (German: \\\"Maria Theresa, Prinzessin von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg\\\") (4 January 1870, Rome, Papal States – 17 January 1935, Vienna, Federal State of Austria) was a Princess of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and a member of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg by birth and an Infanta of Portugal, Duchess consort of Braganza, and titular Queen consort of Portugal through her marriage to Miguel, Duke of Braganza, Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. Maria Theresa was the fifth child and fourth daughter of Charles, 6th Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, brother of titular Queen consort\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587713\",\n \"text\": \"differences prevented him from arranging his daughter's marriage to the Protestant prince Frederick of Prussia. In 1725, he betrothed her to Charles of Spain and her sister, Maria Anna, to Philip of Spain. Other European powers compelled him to renounce the pact he had made with the Queen of Spain, Elisabeth Farnese. Maria Theresa, who had become close to Francis Stephen, was relieved. Francis Stephen remained at the imperial court until 1729, when he ascended the throne of Lorraine, but was not formally promised Maria Theresa's hand until 31 January 1736, during the War of the Polish Succession. Louis XV\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587707\",\n \"text\": \"Magdalene of the Palatinate-Neuburg, were her godmothers. Most descriptions of her baptism stress that the infant was carried ahead of her cousins, Maria Josepha and Maria Amalia, the daughters of Charles VI's elder brother and predecessor, Joseph I, before the eyes of their mother, Wilhelmine Amalia. It was clear that Maria Theresa would outrank them, even though their grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, had his sons sign the Mutual Pact of Succession, which gave precedence to the daughters of the elder brother. Her father was the only surviving male member of the House of Habsburg and hoped for a\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587763\",\n \"text\": \"Theresa were \\\"really founded on Enlightenment ideas,\\\" although the ulterior motive was still to \\\"meet the needs of an absolutist state, as an increasingly sophisticated and complicated society and economy required new administrators, officers, diplomats and specialists in virtually every area.\\\" Previously, the existing primary schools were run by various orders of the Catholic Church. After her reform, compulsory and secular primary schools were established. Maria Theresa herself might have wanted the schools to teach Catholic orthodoxy, but the curriculum focused on social responsibility, social discipline, work ethic and the use of reason rather than mere rote learning. All children\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12183104\",\n \"text\": \"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal (; 24 August 1855 – 12 February 1944) was a Princess of the House of Braganza. She became by marriage an Archduchess of Austria and also sister-in-law of Emperors Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico, as well as step-grandmother of Emperor Charles I of Austria. Maria Teresa was born in Kleinheubach, Kingdom of Bavaria the second daughter of Miguel I of Portugal and Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. Her father became king of Portugal in 1828 after deposing his niece Queen Maria II. He reigned until 1834\",\n \"title\": \"Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9006758\",\n \"text\": \"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770) Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (, ; 20 March 176223 January 1770) was a daughter of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife, Isabella of Parma. Maria Theresa's parents, Crown Prince Joseph (future Holy Roman Emperor) and Princess Isabella of Parma were married in Vienna on 16 October 1760. In late 1761, Isabella became pregnant and on 20 March 1762, she delivered a daughter who was christened \\\"Maria Theresia Elisabeth Philippine Louise Josephe Johanna\\\" and was styled Archduchess of Austria. On her maternal side, little Maria Theresa descended from people such as\",\n \"title\": \"Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137061\",\n \"text\": \"of the painting's highlights. Velasquez and his assistants created three paintings to be sent to potential husbands for the Infanta (who eventually married Louis XIV). Two other versions are on display in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Louvre. Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain The infanta Maria Theresa of Spain or The infanta Maria Theresa aged 14 is a 1653 portrait by Diego Velázquez of Maria Theresa of Spain. It has been cut down at the top and bottom and is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is considered one of the artist's\",\n \"title\": \"Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137060\",\n \"text\": \"Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain The infanta Maria Theresa of Spain or The infanta Maria Theresa aged 14 is a 1653 portrait by Diego Velázquez of Maria Theresa of Spain. It has been cut down at the top and bottom and is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is considered one of the artist's best late portraits, showing its subject in a majestic pose, illuminated in a light dress against a dark background. Its seriousness and formality is added to by the two watches she carries, whilst the handkerchief in her left hand is one\",\n \"title\": \"Portrait of the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9766110\",\n \"text\": \"her mother, died while the court was at Choisy-le-Roi at the age of just 6 months. Prior to the meeting of the Estates General, every member of the Royal Family was publicly mocked by libelous verses, in which Maria Theresa was claimed to have given birth to an illegitimate child. Maria Theresa left France with her spouse after the Storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, which marked the beginning of the French Revolution, and took refuge in her homeland of Savoy. She left one week after her spouse with a retinue of thirty people, and since she had\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Savoy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9766106\",\n \"text\": \"took place at the Palace of Versailles on 16 November 1773. As her husband was the grandson of a king, the newly named Marie Thérèse held the rank of \\\"granddaughter of France\\\", and was commonly referred to by the simple style \\\"Madame la comtesse d'Artois\\\". Maria Theresa was described as diminutive, somewhat ill-shaped, clumsy and with a long nose and was not regarded a beauty, but her complexion was generally admired; as a person, she was regarded as \\\"not distinguished in any sense\\\", but nevertheless goodhearted. Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau, who corresponded with Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa regarding\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Savoy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2413013\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Theresa of Spain Maria Theresa of Spain (; ; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683), was by birth Infanta of Spain and Portugal (until 1640) and Archduchess of Austria as member of the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and by marriage Queen of France. Her marriage in 1660 with King Louis XIV, her cousin, was made with the purpose of ending the long-standing war between France and Spain. Famed for her virtue and piety, she saw five of her six children die in early childhood, and is frequently viewed as an object of pity in historical\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587723\",\n \"text\": \"arrangement, but the Queen and her advisers were not, fearing that any violation of the Pragmatic Sanction would invalidate the entire document. Maria Theresa's firmness soon assured Francis Stephen that they should fight for Silesia, and she was confident that she would retain \\\"the jewel of the House of Austria\\\". The resulting war with Prussia is known as the First Silesian War. The invasion of Silesia by Frederick was the start of a lifelong enmity; she referred to him as \\\"that evil man\\\". As Austria was short of experienced military commanders, Maria Theresa released Marshall Neipperg, who had been imprisoned\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"587710\",\n \"text\": \"eyes, fair hair with a slight tinge of red, a wide mouth and a notably strong body. Unlike many other members of the House of Habsburg, neither Maria Theresa's parents nor her grandparents were closely related to each other. Maria Theresa was a serious and reserved child who enjoyed singing and archery. She was barred from horse riding by her father, but she would later learn the basics for the sake of her Hungarian coronation ceremony. The imperial family staged opera productions, often conducted by Charles VI, in which she relished participating. Her education was overseen by Jesuits. Contemporaries thought\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Theresa\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["bohemia","hungary"],"string":"[\n \"bohemia\",\n \"hungary\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1194,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was jack london's education?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"532058","text":"Emily Stevens. Stasz says, \"Both acknowledged publicly that they were not marrying out of love, but from friendship and a belief that they would produce sturdy children.\" Kingman says, \"they were comfortable together... Jack had made it clear to Bessie that he did not love her, but that he liked her enough to make a successful marriage.\" London met Bessie through his friend at Oakland High School, Fred Jacobs; she was Fred's fiancee. Bessie, who tutored at Anderson's University Academy in Alameda California, tutored Jack in preparation for his entrance exams for the University of California at Berkeley in 1896.","title":"Jack London"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532058\",\n \"text\": \"Emily Stevens. Stasz says, \\\"Both acknowledged publicly that they were not marrying out of love, but from friendship and a belief that they would produce sturdy children.\\\" Kingman says, \\\"they were comfortable together... Jack had made it clear to Bessie that he did not love her, but that he liked her enough to make a successful marriage.\\\" London met Bessie through his friend at Oakland High School, Fred Jacobs; she was Fred's fiancee. Bessie, who tutored at Anderson's University Academy in Alameda California, tutored Jack in preparation for his entrance exams for the University of California at Berkeley in 1896.\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1418651","text":"Inner London Education Authority The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) was an ad hoc local education authority for the City of London and the 12 Inner London boroughs from 1965 until its abolition in 1990. The authority was reconstituted as a directly elected body corporate on 1 April 1986. The Inner London Education Authority was established when the Greater London Council (GLC) replaced the London County Council as the principal local authority for London in 1965. The LCC had taken over responsibility for education in Inner London from the London School Board in 1904. In what was to become Outer","title":"Inner London Education Authority"},{"psg_id":"8808661","text":"Jack London (film) Jack London, also known as The Story of Jack London, is a 1943 American biographical film made by Samuel Bronston Productions and distributed by United Artists. It was directed by Alfred Santell and produced by Samuel Bronston with Joseph H. Nadel as associate producer, from a screenplay by Isaac Don Levine and Ernest Pascal based on the book \"The Book of Jack London\" by Charmian London. The film starred Michael O'Shea as Jack London and Susan Hayward with Osa Massen, Harry Davenport, Frank Craven and Virginia Mayo. The film follows the adventures of the writer-adventurer Jack London","title":"Jack London (film)"},{"psg_id":"8808662","text":"(Michael O'Shea) who was, among other things, oyster pirate, hobo, sailor, prospector and war correspondent. Jack London (film) Jack London, also known as The Story of Jack London, is a 1943 American biographical film made by Samuel Bronston Productions and distributed by United Artists. It was directed by Alfred Santell and produced by Samuel Bronston with Joseph H. Nadel as associate producer, from a screenplay by Isaac Don Levine and Ernest Pascal based on the book \"The Book of Jack London\" by Charmian London. The film starred Michael O'Shea as Jack London and Susan Hayward with Osa Massen, Harry Davenport,","title":"Jack London (film)"},{"psg_id":"532088","text":"character is based on Hawaiian leper Kaluaikoolau, who in 1893 revolted and resisted capture from forces of the Provisional Government of Hawaii in the Kalalau Valley. An amateur boxer and avid boxing fan, London reported on the 1910 Johnson–Jeffries fight, in which the black boxer Jack Johnson vanquished Jim Jeffries, known as the \"Great White Hope\". In 1908, London had reported on an earlier fight of Johnson's, contrasting the black boxer's coolness and intellectual style, with the apelike appearance and fighting style of his Canadian opponent, Tommy Burns, 'what . . . [won] on Saturday was bigness, coolness, quickness, cleverness,","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532073","text":"novels \"Jerry of the Islands\" and \"Michael, Brother of Jerry\" included a foreword entreating the public to become more informed about this practice. In 1918, the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the American Humane Education Society teamed up to create the Jack London Club, which sought to inform the public about cruelty to circus animals and encourage them to protest this establishment. Support from Club members led to a temporary cessation of trained animal acts at Ringling-Barnum and Bailey in 1925. London died November 22, 1916, in a sleeping porch in a cottage on his","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"2814029","text":"Jack London Square Jack London Square is an entertainment and business destination on the waterfront of Oakland, California, United States. Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland, it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, an Amtrak station, a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock, the historic Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon, the (re-located) cabin where Jack London lived in the Klondike, and a movie theater. A farmer's market is hosted among the retail shops on Sunday mornings. The former presidential yacht USS \"Potomac\" is moored at an adjacent slip. Jack London Square","title":"Jack London Square"},{"psg_id":"11695442","text":"Jack London (boxer) Jack London (real name John George Harper, born 23 June 1913 in West Hartlepool, County Durham, died 19 December 1963) was an English heavyweight boxer. He was British and Commonwealth Heavyweight champion from 1944 to 1945. His son, who fought as Brian London, also became British and Commonwealth Heavyweight champion from 1958 to 1959. He was born in Stranton, West Hartlepool, County Durham. He made his professional debut in January 1931, in West Hartlepool, winning by a knockout in the first round. He took the ring name of Jack London, after the American author, who also covered","title":"Jack London (boxer)"},{"psg_id":"9087445","text":"Jack London State Historic Park Jack London State Historic Park, also known as Jack London Home and Ranch, is a California State Historic Park near Glen Ellen, California, United States, situated on the eastern slope of Sonoma Mountain. It includes the ruins of a house burned a few months before Jack London and family were to move in, a cottage in which they had lived, another house built later, and the graves of Jack London and his wife. The property is both a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. The Jack London home, called the Wolf House, is","title":"Jack London State Historic Park"},{"psg_id":"12035970","text":"Jack London (businessman) J.P. (\"Jack\") London is Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board of CACI International Inc. London holds a bachelor's degree in Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1959, a master's degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1967, and a Doctorate degree in Business Administration from the George Washington University in 1971. London was CACI's 35th employee when he joined the company as a program manager in 1972. He became a company Vice President in 1975, a Senior Vice President in 1977, Executive Vice President in 1979, and President in 1982. He","title":"Jack London (businessman)"},{"psg_id":"2814033","text":"extended the city to the waterfront by adding accessible waterfront spaces supporting a variety of programs and events from farmers markets to the popular Eat Real local, organic food fest. The Athletics plan on building their new stadium and other developments nearby at Howard Terminal. Jack London Square Jack London Square is an entertainment and business destination on the waterfront of Oakland, California, United States. Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland, it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, an Amtrak station, a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock, the historic Heinold's First","title":"Jack London Square"},{"psg_id":"2814032","text":"through Jack London Square are used by BNSF Railway, Capitol Corridor, Coast Starlight, San Joaquin, and Union Pacific Railroad. The trains share the road with automobiles, AC Transit buses, and pedestrians. The square is a very popular spot for railfans. Jack London Square's most recent changes are adding more businesses, restaurants, and entertainment. Under lead developer Ellis Partners, Jack London Square's new architecture and public spaces are adding to the daytime and nighttime population and use. Recent new components include the 55 Harrison building, a mid-rise by RMW Architects in association with Steve Worthington. The public spaces by SWA Group","title":"Jack London Square"},{"psg_id":"532065","text":"but it was never selected. It was described as too difficult to set to music. London published \"The Acorn Planter\" in 1916. After divorcing Maddern, London married Charmian Kittredge in 1905. London was introduced to Kittredge in 1900 by her aunt Netta Eames, who was an editor at Overland Monthly magazine in San Francisco. The two met prior to his first marriage but became lovers years later after Jack and Bessie London visited Wake Robin, Netta Eames' Sonoma County resort, in 1903. London was injured when he fell from a buggy, and Netta arranged for Charmian to care for him.","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"11695450","text":"was time to retire in earnest. London tried his hand at wrestling for a while, and then became a nightclub manager. He took a great interest in the boxing careers of his two sons John and Brian, and was proud to see Brian become British and Commonwealth champion as he had been. He saw Brian unsuccessfully fight Floyd Patterson for the world heavyweight title in 1959, but died before Brian fought Muhammad Ali for the same title in 1966. Jack London (boxer) Jack London (real name John George Harper, born 23 June 1913 in West Hartlepool, County Durham, died 19","title":"Jack London (boxer)"},{"psg_id":"12035972","text":"the Iraq War. He is also the lead author of \"Character: The Ultimate Success Factor\" (Fortis, 2013, ). London is married to Jennifer Burkhart London, who helped him with the book \"Our Good Name\" and is a listed co-author on \"Character\". Jack London (businessman) J.P. (\"Jack\") London is Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board of CACI International Inc. London holds a bachelor's degree in Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1959, a master's degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1967, and a Doctorate degree in Business Administration from the George Washington University in","title":"Jack London (businessman)"},{"psg_id":"9087454","text":"to the cottage were host to the Transcendence Theatre Company's benefit performance on Saturday, October 1, 2011, for the VMNHA. The Theatre Company planned to partner with the VMNHA to produce a concert series in summer of 2012 which would also benefit the Annadel, Sugarloaf Ridge, and Jack London State Parks. The site was featured in the 2010 novel \"The Lost Hero\" by Rick Riordan. According to the novel, the Wolf House is where the Roman demigods are claimed by Lupa. Jack London State Historic Park Jack London State Historic Park, also known as Jack London Home and Ranch, is","title":"Jack London State Historic Park"},{"psg_id":"532060","text":"Bess was \"Mother-Girl\" and Bess's for London was \"Daddy-Boy\". Their first child, Joan, was born on January 15, 1901, and their second, Bessie (later called Becky), on October 20, 1902. Both children were born in Piedmont, California. Here London wrote one of his most celebrated works, \"The Call of the Wild.\" While London had pride in his children, the marriage was strained. Kingman says that by 1903 the couple were close to separation as they were \"extremely incompatible\". \"Jack was still so kind and gentle with Bessie that when Cloudsley Johns was a house guest in February 1903 he didn't","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"1418664","text":"admissions across the country, because the Greenwich Judgment of 1989 established that LEAs could no longer give their own residents priority access to schools. Inner London Education Authority The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) was an ad hoc local education authority for the City of London and the 12 Inner London boroughs from 1965 until its abolition in 1990. The authority was reconstituted as a directly elected body corporate on 1 April 1986. The Inner London Education Authority was established when the Greater London Council (GLC) replaced the London County Council as the principal local authority for London in 1965.","title":"Inner London Education Authority"},{"psg_id":"532101","text":"of \"scab\", such as \"knocker\", \"stool pigeon\" or \"scandal monger\". This passage as given above was the subject of a 1974 Supreme Court case, \"Letter Carriers v. Austin\", in which Justice Thurgood Marshall referred to it as \"a well-known piece of trade union literature, generally attributed to author Jack London\". A union newsletter had published a \"list of scabs,\" which was granted to be factual and therefore not libelous, but then went on to quote the passage as the \"definition of a scab\". The case turned on the question of whether the \"definition\" was defamatory. The court ruled that \"Jack","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"9322118","text":"to the old station was used as the rail station until August 5, 1994. Southern Pacific's downtown station on the north side of 1st Street between Franklin Street and Broadway was a passenger stop until 1960. The station is owned by the Port of Oakland; the tracks along 1st Street are owned by Union Pacific Railroad. The station is served by the following AC Transit routes: Oakland – Jack London Square station Oakland – Jack London Square is a train station in Jack London Square of Oakland, California, United States. The station is served by Amtrak's \"Capitol Corridor\", \"Coast Starlight\",","title":"Oakland – Jack London Square station"},{"psg_id":"9026455","text":"Jack London (athlete) John Edward London (13 January 1905 – 2 May 1966) was a British athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres. Born in British Guiana, now Guyana, he won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. He moved to London as a child. At some point his family moved back to British Guiana, where London attended Queen's College in Georgetown. Back in England, London studied at the Regent Street Polytechnic, where he joined the Polytechnic Harriers and was coached by Sam Mussabini. He was elected captain of the sports club in","title":"Jack London (athlete)"},{"psg_id":"5619918","text":"so hard that soon the ship was tossing to and fro A great big wave rolled up to Jack and washed him to the rail And he was tossed into the sea and swallowed by a whale CHO Now when that whale had swallowed Jack it soon began to shake For this old whale had got himself a mighty stomach ache Well now, said Jack, this poor old whale don't know what he's about And he grabbed that whale all by the tail and pulled him inside out CHO Another version of the song is this: Jack Was Every Inch","title":"Jack Was Every Inch a Sailor"},{"psg_id":"9322117","text":"Oakland – Jack London Square station Oakland – Jack London Square is a train station in Jack London Square of Oakland, California, United States. The station is served by Amtrak's \"Capitol Corridor\", \"Coast Starlight\", and \"San Joaquins\" trains. Through Thruway buses, this station serves San Francisco. Of the 74 California stations served by Amtrak, Oakland was the tenth-busiest in FY2012, boarding or de-training an average of about 1,142 passengers daily.<ref name=\"http://www.amtrak.com Amtrak\"></ref> The station opened on May 22, 1995 as a replacement for 16th Street Station, which had been severely damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. A building next","title":"Oakland – Jack London Square station"},{"psg_id":"20170123","text":"the \"ATP 2mm Project\". S. Jack Hu S. Jack Hu () is the J. Reid and Polly Anderson Professor of Manufacturing, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan, where he is also the Vice President for Research. He teaches courses and conducts research in manufacturing systems, assembly modeling, and statistical quality control. He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and a fellow of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP), and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Hu was born in Changde, Hunan","title":"S. Jack Hu"},{"psg_id":"20170121","text":"S. Jack Hu S. Jack Hu () is the J. Reid and Polly Anderson Professor of Manufacturing, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan, where he is also the Vice President for Research. He teaches courses and conducts research in manufacturing systems, assembly modeling, and statistical quality control. He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and a fellow of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP), and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Hu was born in Changde, Hunan province, China. He obtained","title":"S. Jack Hu"},{"psg_id":"11695447","text":"Jack London. London fought an eliminator for the British heavyweight title in March 1943, against Al Robinson, winning by a knockout in the eighth round. The path was open for a title fight between London and Freddie Mills, for the British and Commonwealth titles. The fight was finally arranged for September 1944 at Belle Vue, in Manchester. Mills conceded about three stones in weight but was still 3-1 favourite. Neither of the two was a stylish boxer, and the two men slugged it out over fifteen rounds with London getting a narrow points decision. Mills was to go on to","title":"Jack London (boxer)"},{"psg_id":"532044","text":"was not seriously wounded, but she was temporarily deranged. After giving birth, Flora turned the baby over for care to Virginia Prentiss, an African-American woman and former slave. She was a major maternal figure throughout London's life. Late in 1876, Flora Wellman married John London, a partially disabled Civil War veteran, and brought her baby John, later known as Jack, to live with the newly married couple. The family moved around the San Francisco Bay Area before settling in Oakland, where London completed public grade school. In 1897, when he was 21 and a student at the University of California,","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"19776592","text":"London Education Classification The London Education Classification is a library classification and indexing thesaurus used at the UCL Institute of Education. It was devised by D.J. Foskett and Joy Foskett. It was devised to address deficiencies in general classification schemes in dealing with education. It was originally devised in 1963, and revised in 1974. It is a faceted classification, inspired by the work of S.R. Ranganathan and of the Classification Research Group. Foiskett and Foskett observe: \"The basic idea of facets is separate grouping of each major division of a subject.\". Using the British Education Index and the British National","title":"London Education Classification"},{"psg_id":"532103","text":"Collection Jack London John Griffith London (born John Griffith Chaney; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer in the world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first writers to become a worldwide celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction. His most famous works include \"The Call of the Wild\" and \"White Fang\", both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories \"To Build a Fire\", \"An","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532072","text":"the mansion was nearing completion, two weeks before the Londons planned to move in, it was destroyed by fire. London's last visit to Hawaii, beginning in December 1915, lasted eight months. He met with Duke Kahanamoku, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana'ole, Queen Lili'uokalani and many others, before returning to his ranch in July 1916. He was suffering from kidney failure, but he continued to work. The ranch (abutting stone remnants of Wolf House) is now a National Historic Landmark and is protected in Jack London State Historic Park. London witnessed animal cruelty in the training of circus animals, and his subsequent","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532040","text":"Jack London John Griffith London (born John Griffith Chaney; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer in the world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first writers to become a worldwide celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction. His most famous works include \"The Call of the Wild\" and \"White Fang\", both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories \"To Build a Fire\", \"An Odyssey","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"2814030","text":"is located at the south end of Broadway, across the Oakland Estuary from Alameda. The name has also come to refer to the formerly industrial neighborhood surrounding Jack London Square now known as the Jack London District, which has undergone significant rehabilitation in the last decade, including loft conversions and new construction. Current California Governor (and former Oakland mayor) Jerry Brown made his home here before moving north to the Uptown neighborhood. KTVU (Channel 2), the Bay Area's Fox affiliate, has had studios at the Square since it began broadcasting on March 3, 1958, and the offices of the Port","title":"Jack London Square"},{"psg_id":"532102","text":"London's... 'definition of a scab' is merely rhetorical hyperbole, a lusty and imaginative expression of the contempt felt by union members towards those who refuse to join\", and as such was not libelous and was protected under the First Amendment. Despite being frequently attributed to London, the passage does not appear at all in the extensive collection of his writings at Sonoma State University's website. However, in his book \"The War of the Classes\" he published a 1903 speech entitled \"The Scab\", which gave a much more balanced view of the topic: Source unless otherwise specified: The Jack London Online","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532059","text":"Jacobs was killed aboard the USAT Scandia in 1897, but Jack and Bessie continued their friendship, which included taking photos and developing the film together. This was the beginning of Jack's passion for photography. During the marriage, London continued his friendship with Anna Strunsky, co-authoring \"The Kempton-Wace Letters\", an epistolary novel contrasting two philosophies of love. Anna, writing \"Dane Kempton's\" letters, arguing for a romantic view of marriage, while London, writing \"Herbert Wace's\" letters, argued for a scientific view, based on Darwinism and eugenics. In the novel, his fictional character contrasted two women he had known. London's pet name for","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532051","text":"McLean. Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon is now unofficially named Jack London's Rendezvous in his honor. On July 12, 1897, London (age 21) and his sister's husband Captain Shepard sailed to join the Klondike Gold Rush. This was the setting for some of his first successful stories. London's time in the harsh Klondike, however, was detrimental to his health. Like so many other men who were malnourished in the goldfields, London developed scurvy. His gums became swollen, leading to the loss of his four front teeth. A constant gnawing pain affected his hip and leg muscles, and his face","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"9087451","text":"House of Happy Walls in 1919, in memory of Jack. It is a smaller and a more formal version of the Wolf House, and much of its furniture was originally intended for use in the Wolf House. Charmian lived in The House of Happy Walls until her death in 1955, and instructed that the house be used after her death as a museum for Jack London. Today it serves as the visitor center and a museum for Jack London State Historic Park. The Wolf House began construction in 1910 and was to be 15,000 square feet (1,393 square meters) and","title":"Jack London State Historic Park"},{"psg_id":"8345518","text":"the anchor tenant that had closed in 2010, reopened as the Plank entertainment center/restaurant. Jack London District, Oakland, California The Jack London District, also called the Loft District, is a neighborhood of Oakland, California that occupies the region south of the Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880) along The Embarcadero, between Adeline and Lake Merritt Channel. It includes and surrounds the Jack London Square shopping and tourist area, as well as the Warehouse District north of the Oakland Amtrak Station. The area has a long history of industrial and warehouse land use. Since the late 1990s, the area has seen residential redevelopment.","title":"Jack London District, Oakland, California"},{"psg_id":"8345517","text":"interests of the residents and commercial users of the District. The Jack London District includes Jack London Square, one of Oakland's largest tourist attractions, which is an area of retail and office buildings that reside on the former heart of Oakland's port operations. With the advent of containerized shipping the Port of Oakland and most of its operations has moved up the Estuary helping Jack London Square open up to the retail shops and restaurants it now houses, including Yoshi's jazz club. , many formerly closed stores were being reutilized as restaurants and entertainment centers. The Barnes & Noble building,","title":"Jack London District, Oakland, California"},{"psg_id":"8345513","text":"Jack London District, Oakland, California The Jack London District, also called the Loft District, is a neighborhood of Oakland, California that occupies the region south of the Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880) along The Embarcadero, between Adeline and Lake Merritt Channel. It includes and surrounds the Jack London Square shopping and tourist area, as well as the Warehouse District north of the Oakland Amtrak Station. The area has a long history of industrial and warehouse land use. Since the late 1990s, the area has seen residential redevelopment. The district developed early in Oakland's history as a warehouse and industrial district due","title":"Jack London District, Oakland, California"},{"psg_id":"9087446","text":"a sizable stone structure, which was destroyed by fire and whose ruins are visible within the state park property. The sloping terrain of the park has a considerable occurrence of Goulding clay loam soils, particularly in the lower reaches. Jack London State Historic Park was occupied by a winery called Kohler & Frohling. Jack London purchased the property when it was abandoned in 1905 with hopes of becoming a rancher. He named it Beauty Ranch. While London was there, he expanded the small cottage to 3,000 square feet (279 square meters) and converted the stone house next to it into","title":"Jack London State Historic Park"},{"psg_id":"16566923","text":"\"subtext\". \"The A.V. Club\" named the episode one of the ten additional installments of the series that illustrates that \"emotional complexity\" lies \"beneath \"Adventure Time\"s weirdness\". \"What Was Missing\" became controversial because of an allegedly implied past relationship between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum. The controversy largely began after an accompanying \"Mathematical\" recap—a behind the scenes video series produced by Frederator Studios that implied that there were lesbian relations between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and that the writing staff actively seeks input from fans. This incident was addressed by Fred Seibert, the show's executive producer, who said that \"in trying to","title":"What Was Missing"},{"psg_id":"8880029","text":"used with two 1925-built prototype driving motors. In 1925, two driving motor cars were built as prototypes for what would later become the T stock. In the London Passenger Transport Board numbering scheme, they became 2598 and 2599. After the trailer cars were withdrawn from service in the 1940s, the two driving motor cars remained in service on the East London Line, being used with a 1923-built control trailer. These three cars were withdrawn in 1950. London Underground S Stock (ex-Metropolitan Railway) S stock is the designation given to one train of eight cars by London Underground in the 1930s.","title":"London Underground S Stock (ex-Metropolitan Railway)"},{"psg_id":"19776594","text":"element in the classmark, in reverse order from the classification. The example Foskett and Foskett gave was: \"Each entry refers the reader to the part of the classified section, Rid, where all entries on Secondary modern school are filed.\". The 1974 second edition of the scheme was supplemented by thesaurus cross referencing between narrow terms, broad terms and related terms. London Education Classification The London Education Classification is a library classification and indexing thesaurus used at the UCL Institute of Education. It was devised by D.J. Foskett and Joy Foskett. It was devised to address deficiencies in general classification schemes","title":"London Education Classification"},{"psg_id":"1418652","text":"London, education was primarily administered by the relevant county councils and county boroughs, with some functions delegated to second-tier councils in the area. The Herbert Commission report in 1960 recommended the establishment of the Greater London Council. It advocated a London-wide division of educational powers between the GLC and the London boroughs. The GLC would be responsible for strategic control of schools, and the boroughs for routine management. This part of the report was rejected by the government. Councils in the future Outer London area wanted greater control over education, preventing the creation of a London-wide LEA, and there was","title":"Inner London Education Authority"},{"psg_id":"7912149","text":"involved in EE in the Greater London area. The Chair of LEEF is Justin Dillon London Environmental Education Forum The London Environmental Education Forum was set up in 1989 as a membership organisation to promote and champion the delivery of environmental education (EE) across Greater London, England. The forum's members work across the sector, taking in frontline teaching roles to backroom policy and everything in-between. Its members share information through an online discussion group and a regular newsletter. LEEF organises workshops and seminars to enhance members skills, spread best practice and provide networking opportunities. LEEF advertises job vacancies and promotes","title":"London Environmental Education Forum"},{"psg_id":"5670132","text":"Institution is a historic and important repository and proponent of the acquisition of scientific knowledge through research and study. There are also a number of firms and colleges in London which provide education and consultation leading to degrees validated by universities, but which are not actual universities themselves. Some of these colleges are private institutions very similar to actual universities, such as European Business School, London School of Business and Management and Regents University. London also has many further education colleges funded by the Learning and Skills Council. Traditionally these were clearly separated from the higher education system, and offered","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"5670137","text":"Dissertation & Essay Writers Best Dissertation Writer in UK Education in London London is a leading global educational centre, having one of the largest populations of overseas students of any city in the world. London has the largest student population of any British city, although not the highest per capita. Universities in London may be divided into two groups: First, the federal University of London, which, with over 120,000 students, is the largest contact teaching university in the United Kingdom (smaller only than the distance-education Open University) and one of the largest Universities in Europe. It comprises 19 colleges and","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"5670128","text":"Education in London London is a leading global educational centre, having one of the largest populations of overseas students of any city in the world. London has the largest student population of any British city, although not the highest per capita. Universities in London may be divided into two groups: First, the federal University of London, which, with over 120,000 students, is the largest contact teaching university in the United Kingdom (smaller only than the distance-education Open University) and one of the largest Universities in Europe. It comprises 19 colleges and 12 institutes, as well as a distance-learning External System.","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"532099","text":"so than today journalists' quotes were unreliable or even sheer inventions,\" and says no direct source in London's writings has been found. However, at least one line, according to Stasz, is authentic, being referenced by London and written in his own hand in the autograph book of Australian suffragette Vida Goldstein: <poem> Dear Miss Goldstein:– Seven years ago I wrote you that I'd rather be ashes than dust. I still subscribe to that sentiment. Sincerely yours, Jack London Jan. 13, 1909 </poem> Furthermore, in his short story \"By The Turtles of Tasman\", a character, defending her ne'er-do-well grasshopperish father to","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532097","text":"is interesting as an example of a dystopian novel that anticipates and influenced George Orwell's \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\". London's socialist politics are explicitly on display here. \"The Iron Heel\" meets the contemporary definition of soft science fiction. \"The Star Rover\" (1915) is also science fiction. London's literary executor, Irving Shepard, quoted a \"Jack London Credo\" in an introduction to a 1956 collection of London stories: <poem> I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry-rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"8259031","text":"with effective communication and good working relations. In 1997, the University of Texas at Austin renamed its art museum the Blanton Museum of Art in his honor after receiving a $12 million donation from Houston Endowment Inc. Jack S. Blanton Jack Sawtelle Blanton (December 7, 1927 - December 28, 2013) was an American oil industry executive, philanthropist, and civic leader. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the son of William N. Blanton (June 23, 1890 – November 27, 1967) and Louise G. Wynn (September 21, 1898 – July 5, 1989). Blanton was raised in Houston, Texas, where his father was","title":"Jack S. Blanton"},{"psg_id":"8259027","text":"Jack S. Blanton Jack Sawtelle Blanton (December 7, 1927 - December 28, 2013) was an American oil industry executive, philanthropist, and civic leader. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the son of William N. Blanton (June 23, 1890 – November 27, 1967) and Louise G. Wynn (September 21, 1898 – July 5, 1989). Blanton was raised in Houston, Texas, where his father was general manager of the chamber of commerce. After attending Lamar High School, Blanton earned a B.A. degree at University of Texas at Austin (UT) in 1947 with a double major in government and history, and an L.L.B.","title":"Jack S. Blanton"},{"psg_id":"17879176","text":"who began to doubt the desirability of being associated with so dark a work. As a result, the film was shelved and not released until 1972, under its current title. What Became of Jack and Jill? What Became of Jack and Jill? is a 1972 British horror movie. It was part of an abandoned attempt by Amicus Pictures to compete with Hammer Studios by breaking into the grindhouse market. Studio executives were ultimately too disturbed by the final product to release it under the Amicus name, and they sold the film to 20th Century Fox. The film is notable for","title":"What Became of Jack and Jill?"},{"psg_id":"17879169","text":"What Became of Jack and Jill? What Became of Jack and Jill? is a 1972 British horror movie. It was part of an abandoned attempt by Amicus Pictures to compete with Hammer Studios by breaking into the grindhouse market. Studio executives were ultimately too disturbed by the final product to release it under the Amicus name, and they sold the film to 20th Century Fox. The film is notable for being the final big-screen appearance of Vanessa Howard, for whom the movie was a last-ditch effort to make her into a scream queen. Johnnie Tallent is a callous young mod","title":"What Became of Jack and Jill?"},{"psg_id":"9026459","text":"\"pianist\". He was later divorced and remarried in 1938. With athletics journalist Joe Binks, he co-wrote an athletics coaching manual in 1948, \"The Way to Win on Track and Field\", but the book was not a commercial success. He later worked as a porter at St Pancras Hospital, and died suddenly from a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Jack London (athlete) John Edward London (13 January 1905 – 2 May 1966) was a British athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres. Born in British Guiana, now Guyana, he won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.","title":"Jack London (athlete)"},{"psg_id":"5670130","text":"Hospital Medical School and Central School of Speech and Drama. Traditionally all of the University of London institutions awarded degrees from the University of London itself, and not from the individual college or institution, but this changed in 2007/2008 when King's College London, the London School of Economics, University College London and the Institute of Education remained within the University of London system, but began awarding their own degrees. Imperial College London was a part of the University of London until 2007, but is now a separate institution. Secondly, there are other universities not part of the University of London,","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"532053","text":"Marshall Bond's diary mentions friendly sparring with London on political issues as a camp pastime. London left Oakland with a social conscience and socialist leanings; he returned to become an activist for socialism. He concluded that his only hope of escaping the work \"trap\" was to get an education and \"sell his brains\". He saw his writing as a business, his ticket out of poverty, and, he hoped, a means of beating the wealthy at their own game. On returning to California in 1898, London began working to get published, a struggle described in his novel, \"Martin Eden\" (serialized in","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"7912148","text":"London Environmental Education Forum The London Environmental Education Forum was set up in 1989 as a membership organisation to promote and champion the delivery of environmental education (EE) across Greater London, England. The forum's members work across the sector, taking in frontline teaching roles to backroom policy and everything in-between. Its members share information through an online discussion group and a regular newsletter. LEEF organises workshops and seminars to enhance members skills, spread best practice and provide networking opportunities. LEEF advertises job vacancies and promotes events linked with EE delivery. Membership is open to individuals and organisations interested or actively","title":"London Environmental Education Forum"},{"psg_id":"1418661","text":"the Inner London Interim Education Authority until it came into its powers on 1 April 1986. In the May 1986 elections, each Inner London Parliamentary constituency elected two members of the ILEA. Labour won easily. The ILEA had fought off one attempt to abolish it in 1980. The abolition of the GLC, announced in 1983, led to another attempt to get rid of the ILEA, but the Inner London Boroughs were adjudged not ready to handle education services. The Conservative government was led by Margaret Thatcher, who had grown to dislike the ILEA as over-spending and over-bureaucratic while Education Secretary","title":"Inner London Education Authority"},{"psg_id":"13473471","text":"IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal The IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal is presented \"for outstanding achievements in signal processing\" theory, technology or commerce. The recipients of this award will receive a gold medal, together with a replica in bronze, a certificate and an honorarium. The award was established in 1995 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and is sponsored by Texas Instruments Inc. It is named after Jack S. Kilby, whose innovation – like the co-invention of the integrated circuit – was fundamental for the signal processor and related digital signal processing development.","title":"IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal"},{"psg_id":"14575758","text":"1986 Inner London Education Authority election The Inner London Education Authority election, 1986 was held on 8 May in order to elect 58 members to the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA). Constituents of the 29 seats of inner London (at the time) elected two members each. This was the first and last direct election to the ILEA, which was abolished in 1990 following the Education Reform Act 1988. Previously, members had been co-opted from the Greater London Council (GLC). The ILEA had been established in 1965 to assume the educational responsibilities of the former London County Council. It was originally","title":"1986 Inner London Education Authority election"},{"psg_id":"11695443","text":"fights for American boxing magazines. London was six feet tall and big framed, with a style that some regarded as crude and cumbersome. He fought most of his early fights in his native North East, whilst continuing to work as a lorry driver. He did not fight in the capital until October 1932, losing at Blackfriars against Jack O’Malley, an Australian heavyweight due to an injured hand. In November 1933, he fought Ben Foord, later to become British and Commonwealth heavyweight champion himself. London lost on points over ten rounds at the Crystal Palace. In December 1933, he also fought","title":"Jack London (boxer)"},{"psg_id":"532075","text":"next to some pioneer children, under a rock that belonged to the Wolf House. After Charmian's death in 1955, she was also cremated and then buried with her husband in the same simple spot that her husband chose. The grave is marked by a mossy boulder. The buildings and property were later preserved as Jack London State Historic Park, in Glen Ellen, California. Because he was using morphine, many older sources describe London's death as a suicide, and some still do. This conjecture appears to be a rumor, or speculation based on incidents in his fiction writings. His death certificate","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532041","text":"of the North\", and \"Love of Life\". He also wrote about the South Pacific in stories such as \"The Pearls of Parlay\" and \"The Heathen\", and of the San Francisco Bay area in \"The Sea Wolf\". London was part of the radical literary group \"The Crowd\" in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers. He wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics, such as his dystopian novel \"The Iron Heel\", his non-fiction exposé \"The People of the Abyss\", and \"The War of the Classes\". Jack London's mother, Flora Wellman, was the fifth","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532066","text":"The two developed a friendship, as Charmian, Netta, her husband Roscoe, and London were politically aligned with socialist causes. At some point the relationship became romantic, and Jack divorced his wife to marry Charmian, who was five years his senior. Biographer Russ Kingman called Charmian \"Jack's soul-mate, always at his side, and a perfect match.\" Their time together included numerous trips, including a 1907 cruise on the yacht \"Snark\" to Hawaii and Australia. Many of London's stories are based on his visits to Hawaii, the last one for 10 months beginning in December 1915. The couple also visited Goldfield, Nevada,","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"532061","text":"suspect a breakup of their marriage.\" London reportedly complained to friends Joseph Noel and George Sterling: [Bessie] is devoted to purity. When I tell her morality is only evidence of low blood pressure, she hates me. She'd sell me and the children out for her damned purity. It's terrible. Every time I come back after being away from home for a night she won't let me be in the same room with her if she can help it. Stasz writes that these were \"code words for [Bess's] fear that [Jack] was consorting with prostitutes and might bring home venereal disease.\"","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"5670131","text":"most of which were polytechnics until UK polytechnics were granted university status by a 1992 Act of Parliament. Among these are the University of Westminster, London South Bank University, University of Greenwich, City University, London, Middlesex University, London Metropolitan University, Brunel University, University of West London, the University of East London, and various other higher education institutions. Imperial College London, King's College London, LSE and UCL are leading centres of research and stand alongside MIT, Berkeley, Princeton, Yale and other US universities in terms of international reputation. Most of the leading British learned societies are based in London. The Royal","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"1418663","text":"some local controversy at the time, as both members represented constituencies (Chingford and Henley respectively) outside the ILEA area. The Government announced on 4 February 1988 that it would accept the Tebbit/Heseltine amendment and abolish the ILEA in 1990 as part of the Education Reform Act 1988. Once the Bill was passed, the ILEA then complied with this decision in the interests of education. The Inner London boroughs then became education authorities, and remain so today. The abolition of the ILEA meant that Inner London boroughs had to, among other things, establish their own admissions policies. This indirectly impacted school","title":"Inner London Education Authority"},{"psg_id":"14575759","text":"made up of the members of the GLC who represented Inner London areas, together with one representative from each of the inner London boroughs. The abolition of the GLC led to an attempt to abolish the ILEA and devolve its powers to the inner London boroughs. The boroughs were judged not ready to handle education services, so the ILEA was retained. An initial proposal was to replace it with a joint board nominated by the boroughs. Ultimately, it was decided to hold direct elections. \"Electorate: 1,727,139. Turnout: 44.0%.\" 1986 Inner London Education Authority election The Inner London Education Authority election,","title":"1986 Inner London Education Authority election"},{"psg_id":"13473472","text":"The award may be presented to an individual or a group up to three in number. Nomination deadline: 1 July Notification: Recipients are typically approved during the November IEEE Board of Directors meeting. Recipients and their nominators will be notified following the meeting. Then the nominators of unsuccessful candidates will be notified of the status of their nomination. Presentation: At the annual IEEE Honors Ceremony The following people have received the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal: IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal The IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal is presented \"for outstanding achievements in signal","title":"IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal"},{"psg_id":"5670129","text":"Constituent colleges have a high degree of autonomy, controlling their own admissions and degree programmes, and are effectively universities in their own right. The largest and most well-known University of London colleges include (in order of student population size) King's College London, University College London, Birkbeck, Queen Mary, the London School of Economics and Political Science, Royal Holloway, Goldsmiths, and the Institute of Education. Smaller schools and institutes (with fewer than 5,000 students) include the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), the London Business School, the School of Pharmacy, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, St. George's","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"8098183","text":"merger ended most teacher-training activity, though notably Physical Education was preserved. The Rambert Ballet School went independent in 2003, citing financial and creative reasons for this change of status. Former staff of some renown include: Personal account, S.Batterbury West London Institute of Higher Education The West London Institute of Higher Education (WLIHE), a two-campus academic establishment, was located in Isleworth and East Twickenham, West London, UK from 1976 until 1995 when it became Brunel University College. In 1997 it was fully integrated into Brunel University. West London Institute was created in 1976 from the merger of Borough Road and Maria","title":"West London Institute of Higher Education"},{"psg_id":"11413541","text":"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was","title":"What Was Lost"},{"psg_id":"11413536","text":"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and","title":"What Was Lost"},{"psg_id":"5670135","text":"important centre of medical education. The city's medical schools are attached to the leading hospitals and some of them are several centuries old. The number of schools has been reduced to five by a recent series of mergers: London is known as a city that is diverse, populated by peoples and cultures from many other parts of the globe. Many London schools require the teaching of foreign language. Public schools in Greater London include Harrow, City of London School, University College School, Westminster, Highgate School, Merchant Taylors' School and St Paul's School. International schools include The American School in London,","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"11372892","text":"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"psg_id":"11372888","text":"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"psg_id":"11372889","text":"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \"What It Was...\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \"\"Deacon\" Andy Griffith.\" Griffith made an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \"What It Was, Was Football\" was printed in \"Mad\" magazine in 1958,","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"psg_id":"1418654","text":"had a somewhat anomalous legal status. Technically the GLC itself was the education authority for inner London, but it was both administratively difficult and politically unjust to allow outer London members of the GLC to have an input. Therefore, the GLC delegated responsibility to the ILEA as a 'special committee', consisting of the members of the GLC from the Inner London area, plus one member delegated from each of the inner London boroughs and the City of London. Members of the GLC/ILEA tended to concentrate on one duty only, although they attended the meetings of both. It was possible for","title":"Inner London Education Authority"},{"psg_id":"532090","text":"the name of \"Jack London Boulevard\" back to \"Two-mile Hill\". Western writer and historian Dale L. Walker writes: London's \"strength of utterance\" is at its height in his stories, and they are painstakingly well-constructed. \"To Build a Fire\" is the best known of all his stories. Set in the harsh Klondike, it recounts the haphazard trek of a new arrival who has ignored an old-timer's warning about the risks of traveling alone. Falling through the ice into a creek in seventy-five-below weather, the unnamed man is keenly aware that survival depends on his untested skills at quickly building a fire","title":"Jack London"},{"psg_id":"18671021","text":"John George Jack Professor John George Jack (15 April 1861–1949) was an American dendrologist. The son of Robert and Annie Jack, John Jack was born at Châteaugay, Quebec, Canada. His father was a blacksmith-turned-farmer of Scottish descent, his mother a horticulturist of English descent who wrote articles under the title \"Garden News\". Jack's education never extended past high school, and he was largely an autodidact with regard botany. He spent two winters studying entomology with Dr H. A. Hagen at Harvard, and a summer working in the grounds of Mr E. S. Carmen, publisher of the \"Rural New Yorker\" and","title":"John George Jack"},{"psg_id":"15760645","text":"shot in Stereoscopic 3-D at studios in Stockholm with exteriors in Denmark. Set in Victorian London, a young aristocrat, Jack Armstrong, is desperate to win the love of his beloved, the greedy Lady Alice Faversham. Jack buys an insane asylum to turn into a \"love nest\", unaware that Jack the Ripper still lives there. What the Swedish Butler Saw What the Swedish Butler Saw is a 1975 Swedish-American erotic sex comedy film directed by Vernon P. Becker and starring Ole Søltoft, Sue Longhurst, Malou Cartwright and Diana Dors. It is known by several alternative titles including A Man with a","title":"What the Swedish Butler Saw"},{"psg_id":"10650487","text":"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \"What Happened Was...\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \"Siskel & Ebert\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the","title":"What Happened Was"},{"psg_id":"11192585","text":"Jack Mapanje Jack Mapanje (born 25 March 1944) is a Malawian writer and poet. He was the head of English at the Chancellor College, the main campus of the University of Malawi before being imprisoned in 1987 for his collection \"Of Chameleons and Gods\", which indirectly criticized the administration of President Hastings Banda. He was released in 1991 and emigrated to the UK, where he worked as a teacher. The child of Nyanja and Yao parents, John Alfred Clement (\"Jack\") Mapanje was born in Kadango Village, Mangochi District, Malawi. He received his BA in education from the University of London","title":"Jack Mapanje"},{"psg_id":"12513125","text":"appointed the BBC's Business Editor, replacing the promoted Kamal Ahmed. Jack is a son-in-law of the late composer John Barry. Simon Jack Simon Jack is a British business journalist and Business Editor for the BBC, known for appearing on \"BBC Breakfast\" until September 2011 and on BBC Radio 4's \"Today\" until February 2016. Simon Jack attended Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby and graduated from St John's College, Oxford with a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Before entering journalism, Jack worked for a decade as a corporate and investment banker in London, New York and Bermuda. He has said that","title":"Simon Jack"},{"psg_id":"2814031","text":"of Oakland are located there as well. The Square was also the temporary home of the \"Oakland Tribune\" from 1989 to 1996 after the newspaper was forced to abandon the landmark downtown Tribune Tower due to damage it sustained in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Other businesses at Jack London Square range from the Oakland Athletics team headquarters and software firm Navis LLC, to restaurants such as Kincaid's Bay House and Yoshi's restaurant and jazz club. A mainline railroad runs through the middle of Embarcadero West, with the train speed limit set at 15 mph (25 km/h). The tracks running","title":"Jack London Square"},{"psg_id":"1820078","text":"revolted \"in several reigns under such memorable leaders as Black Kat, Straw Hat, John Bull and What Tyler?\", with objectives including \"to find out [...] which of them was the Leader of the Rebellion\". Straw was commemorated in the name of a pub on the edge of Hampstead Heath, London, which closed in 2002. The Jack Straw's Castle, reputed to be the highest pub in London, took its name from a story that Straw addressed groups of rebels on the Heath from a hay wagon which became known as \"Jack Straw's Castle\". The British politician Jack Straw (born John Whitaker","title":"Jack Straw (rebel leader)"},{"psg_id":"10840910","text":"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \"What I Was\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person","title":"What I Was"},{"psg_id":"4269834","text":"Peggy is curious to know what Jack has been doing in London as he seems to be quite well off. Henry suggests inviting Jack up for a drink inconspicuously so he can talk to him about the right of way. Ruth Merrick, an old flame of Jack's, asks Joe about him in The Woolpack. Jack expresses his discomfort of sleeping on the sofa; Sam offers him his bed for the night. Jack pays Matt and Joe's wages in cash. Marian invites Jack for a drink. Henry tells him that he's changed his mind over the right of way but insists","title":"Jack Sugden"},{"psg_id":"18660880","text":"how we choose to tell stories.\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,","title":"What Was Before"},{"psg_id":"18660879","text":"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of","title":"What Was Before"},{"psg_id":"11413537","text":"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \"What Was Lost\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \"What Was Lost\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \"What Was Lost\" is set in the city","title":"What Was Lost"},{"psg_id":"12496667","text":"channels to stay the execution of American convict Alderman and end what they called the \"gross injustice of 34 years\". They also sent letters to the Governor and Attorney-General of Georgia and its Board of Pardons and Paroles. Alderman was represented free-of-charge by the London law firm Clifford Chance. He was executed by lethal injection by the US State of Georgia on 16 September 2008. Jack Alderman was pronounced dead at 7:25 p.m. EDT at the Georgia Diagnostic and Classification State Prison. Jack Alderman Jack Edward Alderman (29 May 1951 – 16 September 2008) was, at the time of his","title":"Jack Alderman"},{"psg_id":"8098175","text":"West London Institute of Higher Education The West London Institute of Higher Education (WLIHE), a two-campus academic establishment, was located in Isleworth and East Twickenham, West London, UK from 1976 until 1995 when it became Brunel University College. In 1997 it was fully integrated into Brunel University. West London Institute was created in 1976 from the merger of Borough Road and Maria Grey teacher training colleges and Chiswick Polytechnic. Borough Road College, on the Osterley campus, dated back to 1889 in that location, and to 1798 in its previous home on Borough Road in Southwark. As a College of Higher","title":"West London Institute of Higher Education"},{"psg_id":"5670133","text":"vocational education below university level, but this distinction is breaking down and many further education colleges now offer university level courses validated by a local university and prepare students for university entrance, as well as providing vocational courses. London is Britain's leading centre for arts education. London's four music conservatories are the Royal College of Music, the Royal Academy of Music, Trinity College of Music, and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Other drama schools include Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (\"RADA\"), and the Central School of Speech and Drama. Art & Design schools include Central Saint Martins College","title":"Education in London"},{"psg_id":"19421270","text":"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to","title":"What Was Said"},{"psg_id":"19421268","text":"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration","title":"What Was Said"},{"psg_id":"12513124","text":"Stock Exchange, Canary Wharf and outside the offices of HBOS and Lehman Brothers in London. Jack replaced Declan Curry as business presenter for \"BBC Breakfast\" in October 2008. In April 2010, he presented \"BBC Breakfast\" alongside Sian Williams while regular presenter Bill Turnbull followed the 2010 general election campaign trail. In September 2011, he left the BBC Breakfast team to join BBC Radio 4's \"Today.\" On 13 April 2015, Jack appeared in a BBC \"Panorama\" series relating to the survivors of suicide which investigated why more middle-aged men kill themselves than any other group. On 5 February 2016, Jack was","title":"Simon Jack"},{"psg_id":"12513122","text":"Simon Jack Simon Jack is a British business journalist and Business Editor for the BBC, known for appearing on \"BBC Breakfast\" until September 2011 and on BBC Radio 4's \"Today\" until February 2016. Simon Jack attended Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby and graduated from St John's College, Oxford with a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Before entering journalism, Jack worked for a decade as a corporate and investment banker in London, New York and Bermuda. He has said that he neither liked the work, nor showed much ability at it. In 2003 he joined the BBC's business and economics","title":"Simon Jack"},{"psg_id":"1418659","text":"the programming was transferred to VHS tapes and the CCTV network closed down. The Cockpit Theatre, Marylebone (also known at the Cockpit Youth and Arts Centre) in Gateforth Street, London, NW8, was built on the edge of the Lisson Green estate for ILEA in 1969-70 . It was designed as a Theatre in the round by Edward Mendelsohn. The ILEA created the first Theatre in Education company to be entirely housed within a Local Education Authority. It employed seven actor-teachers and a stage manager and focused its work on secondary schools and Further Education. As well as traditional T.I.E. the","title":"Inner London Education Authority"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1418651\",\n \"text\": \"Inner London Education Authority The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) was an ad hoc local education authority for the City of London and the 12 Inner London boroughs from 1965 until its abolition in 1990. The authority was reconstituted as a directly elected body corporate on 1 April 1986. The Inner London Education Authority was established when the Greater London Council (GLC) replaced the London County Council as the principal local authority for London in 1965. The LCC had taken over responsibility for education in Inner London from the London School Board in 1904. In what was to become Outer\",\n \"title\": \"Inner London Education Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8808661\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London (film) Jack London, also known as The Story of Jack London, is a 1943 American biographical film made by Samuel Bronston Productions and distributed by United Artists. It was directed by Alfred Santell and produced by Samuel Bronston with Joseph H. Nadel as associate producer, from a screenplay by Isaac Don Levine and Ernest Pascal based on the book \\\"The Book of Jack London\\\" by Charmian London. The film starred Michael O'Shea as Jack London and Susan Hayward with Osa Massen, Harry Davenport, Frank Craven and Virginia Mayo. The film follows the adventures of the writer-adventurer Jack London\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8808662\",\n \"text\": \"(Michael O'Shea) who was, among other things, oyster pirate, hobo, sailor, prospector and war correspondent. Jack London (film) Jack London, also known as The Story of Jack London, is a 1943 American biographical film made by Samuel Bronston Productions and distributed by United Artists. It was directed by Alfred Santell and produced by Samuel Bronston with Joseph H. Nadel as associate producer, from a screenplay by Isaac Don Levine and Ernest Pascal based on the book \\\"The Book of Jack London\\\" by Charmian London. The film starred Michael O'Shea as Jack London and Susan Hayward with Osa Massen, Harry Davenport,\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532088\",\n \"text\": \"character is based on Hawaiian leper Kaluaikoolau, who in 1893 revolted and resisted capture from forces of the Provisional Government of Hawaii in the Kalalau Valley. An amateur boxer and avid boxing fan, London reported on the 1910 Johnson–Jeffries fight, in which the black boxer Jack Johnson vanquished Jim Jeffries, known as the \\\"Great White Hope\\\". In 1908, London had reported on an earlier fight of Johnson's, contrasting the black boxer's coolness and intellectual style, with the apelike appearance and fighting style of his Canadian opponent, Tommy Burns, 'what . . . [won] on Saturday was bigness, coolness, quickness, cleverness,\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532073\",\n \"text\": \"novels \\\"Jerry of the Islands\\\" and \\\"Michael, Brother of Jerry\\\" included a foreword entreating the public to become more informed about this practice. In 1918, the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the American Humane Education Society teamed up to create the Jack London Club, which sought to inform the public about cruelty to circus animals and encourage them to protest this establishment. Support from Club members led to a temporary cessation of trained animal acts at Ringling-Barnum and Bailey in 1925. London died November 22, 1916, in a sleeping porch in a cottage on his\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2814029\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London Square Jack London Square is an entertainment and business destination on the waterfront of Oakland, California, United States. Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland, it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, an Amtrak station, a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock, the historic Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon, the (re-located) cabin where Jack London lived in the Klondike, and a movie theater. A farmer's market is hosted among the retail shops on Sunday mornings. The former presidential yacht USS \\\"Potomac\\\" is moored at an adjacent slip. Jack London Square\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London Square\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11695442\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London (boxer) Jack London (real name John George Harper, born 23 June 1913 in West Hartlepool, County Durham, died 19 December 1963) was an English heavyweight boxer. He was British and Commonwealth Heavyweight champion from 1944 to 1945. His son, who fought as Brian London, also became British and Commonwealth Heavyweight champion from 1958 to 1959. He was born in Stranton, West Hartlepool, County Durham. He made his professional debut in January 1931, in West Hartlepool, winning by a knockout in the first round. He took the ring name of Jack London, after the American author, who also covered\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (boxer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9087445\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London State Historic Park Jack London State Historic Park, also known as Jack London Home and Ranch, is a California State Historic Park near Glen Ellen, California, United States, situated on the eastern slope of Sonoma Mountain. It includes the ruins of a house burned a few months before Jack London and family were to move in, a cottage in which they had lived, another house built later, and the graves of Jack London and his wife. The property is both a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. The Jack London home, called the Wolf House, is\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London State Historic Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12035970\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London (businessman) J.P. (\\\"Jack\\\") London is Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board of CACI International Inc. London holds a bachelor's degree in Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1959, a master's degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1967, and a Doctorate degree in Business Administration from the George Washington University in 1971. London was CACI's 35th employee when he joined the company as a program manager in 1972. He became a company Vice President in 1975, a Senior Vice President in 1977, Executive Vice President in 1979, and President in 1982. He\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (businessman)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2814033\",\n \"text\": \"extended the city to the waterfront by adding accessible waterfront spaces supporting a variety of programs and events from farmers markets to the popular Eat Real local, organic food fest. The Athletics plan on building their new stadium and other developments nearby at Howard Terminal. Jack London Square Jack London Square is an entertainment and business destination on the waterfront of Oakland, California, United States. Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland, it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, an Amtrak station, a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock, the historic Heinold's First\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London Square\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2814032\",\n \"text\": \"through Jack London Square are used by BNSF Railway, Capitol Corridor, Coast Starlight, San Joaquin, and Union Pacific Railroad. The trains share the road with automobiles, AC Transit buses, and pedestrians. The square is a very popular spot for railfans. Jack London Square's most recent changes are adding more businesses, restaurants, and entertainment. Under lead developer Ellis Partners, Jack London Square's new architecture and public spaces are adding to the daytime and nighttime population and use. Recent new components include the 55 Harrison building, a mid-rise by RMW Architects in association with Steve Worthington. The public spaces by SWA Group\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London Square\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532065\",\n \"text\": \"but it was never selected. It was described as too difficult to set to music. London published \\\"The Acorn Planter\\\" in 1916. After divorcing Maddern, London married Charmian Kittredge in 1905. London was introduced to Kittredge in 1900 by her aunt Netta Eames, who was an editor at Overland Monthly magazine in San Francisco. The two met prior to his first marriage but became lovers years later after Jack and Bessie London visited Wake Robin, Netta Eames' Sonoma County resort, in 1903. London was injured when he fell from a buggy, and Netta arranged for Charmian to care for him.\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11695450\",\n \"text\": \"was time to retire in earnest. London tried his hand at wrestling for a while, and then became a nightclub manager. He took a great interest in the boxing careers of his two sons John and Brian, and was proud to see Brian become British and Commonwealth champion as he had been. He saw Brian unsuccessfully fight Floyd Patterson for the world heavyweight title in 1959, but died before Brian fought Muhammad Ali for the same title in 1966. Jack London (boxer) Jack London (real name John George Harper, born 23 June 1913 in West Hartlepool, County Durham, died 19\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (boxer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12035972\",\n \"text\": \"the Iraq War. He is also the lead author of \\\"Character: The Ultimate Success Factor\\\" (Fortis, 2013, ). London is married to Jennifer Burkhart London, who helped him with the book \\\"Our Good Name\\\" and is a listed co-author on \\\"Character\\\". Jack London (businessman) J.P. (\\\"Jack\\\") London is Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board of CACI International Inc. London holds a bachelor's degree in Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1959, a master's degree in Operations Research from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1967, and a Doctorate degree in Business Administration from the George Washington University in\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (businessman)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9087454\",\n \"text\": \"to the cottage were host to the Transcendence Theatre Company's benefit performance on Saturday, October 1, 2011, for the VMNHA. The Theatre Company planned to partner with the VMNHA to produce a concert series in summer of 2012 which would also benefit the Annadel, Sugarloaf Ridge, and Jack London State Parks. The site was featured in the 2010 novel \\\"The Lost Hero\\\" by Rick Riordan. According to the novel, the Wolf House is where the Roman demigods are claimed by Lupa. Jack London State Historic Park Jack London State Historic Park, also known as Jack London Home and Ranch, is\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London State Historic Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532060\",\n \"text\": \"Bess was \\\"Mother-Girl\\\" and Bess's for London was \\\"Daddy-Boy\\\". Their first child, Joan, was born on January 15, 1901, and their second, Bessie (later called Becky), on October 20, 1902. Both children were born in Piedmont, California. Here London wrote one of his most celebrated works, \\\"The Call of the Wild.\\\" While London had pride in his children, the marriage was strained. Kingman says that by 1903 the couple were close to separation as they were \\\"extremely incompatible\\\". \\\"Jack was still so kind and gentle with Bessie that when Cloudsley Johns was a house guest in February 1903 he didn't\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1418664\",\n \"text\": \"admissions across the country, because the Greenwich Judgment of 1989 established that LEAs could no longer give their own residents priority access to schools. Inner London Education Authority The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) was an ad hoc local education authority for the City of London and the 12 Inner London boroughs from 1965 until its abolition in 1990. The authority was reconstituted as a directly elected body corporate on 1 April 1986. The Inner London Education Authority was established when the Greater London Council (GLC) replaced the London County Council as the principal local authority for London in 1965.\",\n \"title\": \"Inner London Education Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532101\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"scab\\\", such as \\\"knocker\\\", \\\"stool pigeon\\\" or \\\"scandal monger\\\". This passage as given above was the subject of a 1974 Supreme Court case, \\\"Letter Carriers v. Austin\\\", in which Justice Thurgood Marshall referred to it as \\\"a well-known piece of trade union literature, generally attributed to author Jack London\\\". A union newsletter had published a \\\"list of scabs,\\\" which was granted to be factual and therefore not libelous, but then went on to quote the passage as the \\\"definition of a scab\\\". The case turned on the question of whether the \\\"definition\\\" was defamatory. The court ruled that \\\"Jack\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9322118\",\n \"text\": \"to the old station was used as the rail station until August 5, 1994. Southern Pacific's downtown station on the north side of 1st Street between Franklin Street and Broadway was a passenger stop until 1960. The station is owned by the Port of Oakland; the tracks along 1st Street are owned by Union Pacific Railroad. The station is served by the following AC Transit routes: Oakland – Jack London Square station Oakland – Jack London Square is a train station in Jack London Square of Oakland, California, United States. The station is served by Amtrak's \\\"Capitol Corridor\\\", \\\"Coast Starlight\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland – Jack London Square station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9026455\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London (athlete) John Edward London (13 January 1905 – 2 May 1966) was a British athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres. Born in British Guiana, now Guyana, he won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. He moved to London as a child. At some point his family moved back to British Guiana, where London attended Queen's College in Georgetown. Back in England, London studied at the Regent Street Polytechnic, where he joined the Polytechnic Harriers and was coached by Sam Mussabini. He was elected captain of the sports club in\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (athlete)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5619918\",\n \"text\": \"so hard that soon the ship was tossing to and fro A great big wave rolled up to Jack and washed him to the rail And he was tossed into the sea and swallowed by a whale CHO Now when that whale had swallowed Jack it soon began to shake For this old whale had got himself a mighty stomach ache Well now, said Jack, this poor old whale don't know what he's about And he grabbed that whale all by the tail and pulled him inside out CHO Another version of the song is this: Jack Was Every Inch\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Was Every Inch a Sailor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9322117\",\n \"text\": \"Oakland – Jack London Square station Oakland – Jack London Square is a train station in Jack London Square of Oakland, California, United States. The station is served by Amtrak's \\\"Capitol Corridor\\\", \\\"Coast Starlight\\\", and \\\"San Joaquins\\\" trains. Through Thruway buses, this station serves San Francisco. Of the 74 California stations served by Amtrak, Oakland was the tenth-busiest in FY2012, boarding or de-training an average of about 1,142 passengers daily.<ref name=\\\"http://www.amtrak.com Amtrak\\\"></ref> The station opened on May 22, 1995 as a replacement for 16th Street Station, which had been severely damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. A building next\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland – Jack London Square station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20170123\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"ATP 2mm Project\\\". S. Jack Hu S. Jack Hu () is the J. Reid and Polly Anderson Professor of Manufacturing, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan, where he is also the Vice President for Research. He teaches courses and conducts research in manufacturing systems, assembly modeling, and statistical quality control. He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and a fellow of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP), and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Hu was born in Changde, Hunan\",\n \"title\": \"S. Jack Hu\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20170121\",\n \"text\": \"S. Jack Hu S. Jack Hu () is the J. Reid and Polly Anderson Professor of Manufacturing, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan, where he is also the Vice President for Research. He teaches courses and conducts research in manufacturing systems, assembly modeling, and statistical quality control. He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and a fellow of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP), and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Hu was born in Changde, Hunan province, China. He obtained\",\n \"title\": \"S. Jack Hu\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11695447\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London. London fought an eliminator for the British heavyweight title in March 1943, against Al Robinson, winning by a knockout in the eighth round. The path was open for a title fight between London and Freddie Mills, for the British and Commonwealth titles. The fight was finally arranged for September 1944 at Belle Vue, in Manchester. Mills conceded about three stones in weight but was still 3-1 favourite. Neither of the two was a stylish boxer, and the two men slugged it out over fifteen rounds with London getting a narrow points decision. Mills was to go on to\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (boxer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532044\",\n \"text\": \"was not seriously wounded, but she was temporarily deranged. After giving birth, Flora turned the baby over for care to Virginia Prentiss, an African-American woman and former slave. She was a major maternal figure throughout London's life. Late in 1876, Flora Wellman married John London, a partially disabled Civil War veteran, and brought her baby John, later known as Jack, to live with the newly married couple. The family moved around the San Francisco Bay Area before settling in Oakland, where London completed public grade school. In 1897, when he was 21 and a student at the University of California,\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19776592\",\n \"text\": \"London Education Classification The London Education Classification is a library classification and indexing thesaurus used at the UCL Institute of Education. It was devised by D.J. Foskett and Joy Foskett. It was devised to address deficiencies in general classification schemes in dealing with education. It was originally devised in 1963, and revised in 1974. It is a faceted classification, inspired by the work of S.R. Ranganathan and of the Classification Research Group. Foiskett and Foskett observe: \\\"The basic idea of facets is separate grouping of each major division of a subject.\\\". Using the British Education Index and the British National\",\n \"title\": \"London Education Classification\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532103\",\n \"text\": \"Collection Jack London John Griffith London (born John Griffith Chaney; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer in the world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first writers to become a worldwide celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction. His most famous works include \\\"The Call of the Wild\\\" and \\\"White Fang\\\", both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories \\\"To Build a Fire\\\", \\\"An\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532072\",\n \"text\": \"the mansion was nearing completion, two weeks before the Londons planned to move in, it was destroyed by fire. London's last visit to Hawaii, beginning in December 1915, lasted eight months. He met with Duke Kahanamoku, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana'ole, Queen Lili'uokalani and many others, before returning to his ranch in July 1916. He was suffering from kidney failure, but he continued to work. The ranch (abutting stone remnants of Wolf House) is now a National Historic Landmark and is protected in Jack London State Historic Park. London witnessed animal cruelty in the training of circus animals, and his subsequent\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532040\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London John Griffith London (born John Griffith Chaney; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer in the world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first writers to become a worldwide celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction. His most famous works include \\\"The Call of the Wild\\\" and \\\"White Fang\\\", both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories \\\"To Build a Fire\\\", \\\"An Odyssey\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2814030\",\n \"text\": \"is located at the south end of Broadway, across the Oakland Estuary from Alameda. The name has also come to refer to the formerly industrial neighborhood surrounding Jack London Square now known as the Jack London District, which has undergone significant rehabilitation in the last decade, including loft conversions and new construction. Current California Governor (and former Oakland mayor) Jerry Brown made his home here before moving north to the Uptown neighborhood. KTVU (Channel 2), the Bay Area's Fox affiliate, has had studios at the Square since it began broadcasting on March 3, 1958, and the offices of the Port\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London Square\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532102\",\n \"text\": \"London's... 'definition of a scab' is merely rhetorical hyperbole, a lusty and imaginative expression of the contempt felt by union members towards those who refuse to join\\\", and as such was not libelous and was protected under the First Amendment. Despite being frequently attributed to London, the passage does not appear at all in the extensive collection of his writings at Sonoma State University's website. However, in his book \\\"The War of the Classes\\\" he published a 1903 speech entitled \\\"The Scab\\\", which gave a much more balanced view of the topic: Source unless otherwise specified: The Jack London Online\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532059\",\n \"text\": \"Jacobs was killed aboard the USAT Scandia in 1897, but Jack and Bessie continued their friendship, which included taking photos and developing the film together. This was the beginning of Jack's passion for photography. During the marriage, London continued his friendship with Anna Strunsky, co-authoring \\\"The Kempton-Wace Letters\\\", an epistolary novel contrasting two philosophies of love. Anna, writing \\\"Dane Kempton's\\\" letters, arguing for a romantic view of marriage, while London, writing \\\"Herbert Wace's\\\" letters, argued for a scientific view, based on Darwinism and eugenics. In the novel, his fictional character contrasted two women he had known. London's pet name for\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532051\",\n \"text\": \"McLean. Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon is now unofficially named Jack London's Rendezvous in his honor. On July 12, 1897, London (age 21) and his sister's husband Captain Shepard sailed to join the Klondike Gold Rush. This was the setting for some of his first successful stories. London's time in the harsh Klondike, however, was detrimental to his health. Like so many other men who were malnourished in the goldfields, London developed scurvy. His gums became swollen, leading to the loss of his four front teeth. A constant gnawing pain affected his hip and leg muscles, and his face\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9087451\",\n \"text\": \"House of Happy Walls in 1919, in memory of Jack. It is a smaller and a more formal version of the Wolf House, and much of its furniture was originally intended for use in the Wolf House. Charmian lived in The House of Happy Walls until her death in 1955, and instructed that the house be used after her death as a museum for Jack London. Today it serves as the visitor center and a museum for Jack London State Historic Park. The Wolf House began construction in 1910 and was to be 15,000 square feet (1,393 square meters) and\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London State Historic Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8345518\",\n \"text\": \"the anchor tenant that had closed in 2010, reopened as the Plank entertainment center/restaurant. Jack London District, Oakland, California The Jack London District, also called the Loft District, is a neighborhood of Oakland, California that occupies the region south of the Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880) along The Embarcadero, between Adeline and Lake Merritt Channel. It includes and surrounds the Jack London Square shopping and tourist area, as well as the Warehouse District north of the Oakland Amtrak Station. The area has a long history of industrial and warehouse land use. Since the late 1990s, the area has seen residential redevelopment.\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London District, Oakland, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8345517\",\n \"text\": \"interests of the residents and commercial users of the District. The Jack London District includes Jack London Square, one of Oakland's largest tourist attractions, which is an area of retail and office buildings that reside on the former heart of Oakland's port operations. With the advent of containerized shipping the Port of Oakland and most of its operations has moved up the Estuary helping Jack London Square open up to the retail shops and restaurants it now houses, including Yoshi's jazz club. , many formerly closed stores were being reutilized as restaurants and entertainment centers. The Barnes & Noble building,\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London District, Oakland, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8345513\",\n \"text\": \"Jack London District, Oakland, California The Jack London District, also called the Loft District, is a neighborhood of Oakland, California that occupies the region south of the Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880) along The Embarcadero, between Adeline and Lake Merritt Channel. It includes and surrounds the Jack London Square shopping and tourist area, as well as the Warehouse District north of the Oakland Amtrak Station. The area has a long history of industrial and warehouse land use. Since the late 1990s, the area has seen residential redevelopment. The district developed early in Oakland's history as a warehouse and industrial district due\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London District, Oakland, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9087446\",\n \"text\": \"a sizable stone structure, which was destroyed by fire and whose ruins are visible within the state park property. The sloping terrain of the park has a considerable occurrence of Goulding clay loam soils, particularly in the lower reaches. Jack London State Historic Park was occupied by a winery called Kohler & Frohling. Jack London purchased the property when it was abandoned in 1905 with hopes of becoming a rancher. He named it Beauty Ranch. While London was there, he expanded the small cottage to 3,000 square feet (279 square meters) and converted the stone house next to it into\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London State Historic Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16566923\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"subtext\\\". \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" named the episode one of the ten additional installments of the series that illustrates that \\\"emotional complexity\\\" lies \\\"beneath \\\"Adventure Time\\\"s weirdness\\\". \\\"What Was Missing\\\" became controversial because of an allegedly implied past relationship between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum. The controversy largely began after an accompanying \\\"Mathematical\\\" recap—a behind the scenes video series produced by Frederator Studios that implied that there were lesbian relations between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and that the writing staff actively seeks input from fans. This incident was addressed by Fred Seibert, the show's executive producer, who said that \\\"in trying to\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8880029\",\n \"text\": \"used with two 1925-built prototype driving motors. In 1925, two driving motor cars were built as prototypes for what would later become the T stock. In the London Passenger Transport Board numbering scheme, they became 2598 and 2599. After the trailer cars were withdrawn from service in the 1940s, the two driving motor cars remained in service on the East London Line, being used with a 1923-built control trailer. These three cars were withdrawn in 1950. London Underground S Stock (ex-Metropolitan Railway) S stock is the designation given to one train of eight cars by London Underground in the 1930s.\",\n \"title\": \"London Underground S Stock (ex-Metropolitan Railway)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19776594\",\n \"text\": \"element in the classmark, in reverse order from the classification. The example Foskett and Foskett gave was: \\\"Each entry refers the reader to the part of the classified section, Rid, where all entries on Secondary modern school are filed.\\\". The 1974 second edition of the scheme was supplemented by thesaurus cross referencing between narrow terms, broad terms and related terms. London Education Classification The London Education Classification is a library classification and indexing thesaurus used at the UCL Institute of Education. It was devised by D.J. Foskett and Joy Foskett. It was devised to address deficiencies in general classification schemes\",\n \"title\": \"London Education Classification\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1418652\",\n \"text\": \"London, education was primarily administered by the relevant county councils and county boroughs, with some functions delegated to second-tier councils in the area. The Herbert Commission report in 1960 recommended the establishment of the Greater London Council. It advocated a London-wide division of educational powers between the GLC and the London boroughs. The GLC would be responsible for strategic control of schools, and the boroughs for routine management. This part of the report was rejected by the government. Councils in the future Outer London area wanted greater control over education, preventing the creation of a London-wide LEA, and there was\",\n \"title\": \"Inner London Education Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7912149\",\n \"text\": \"involved in EE in the Greater London area. The Chair of LEEF is Justin Dillon London Environmental Education Forum The London Environmental Education Forum was set up in 1989 as a membership organisation to promote and champion the delivery of environmental education (EE) across Greater London, England. The forum's members work across the sector, taking in frontline teaching roles to backroom policy and everything in-between. Its members share information through an online discussion group and a regular newsletter. LEEF organises workshops and seminars to enhance members skills, spread best practice and provide networking opportunities. LEEF advertises job vacancies and promotes\",\n \"title\": \"London Environmental Education Forum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670132\",\n \"text\": \"Institution is a historic and important repository and proponent of the acquisition of scientific knowledge through research and study. There are also a number of firms and colleges in London which provide education and consultation leading to degrees validated by universities, but which are not actual universities themselves. Some of these colleges are private institutions very similar to actual universities, such as European Business School, London School of Business and Management and Regents University. London also has many further education colleges funded by the Learning and Skills Council. Traditionally these were clearly separated from the higher education system, and offered\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670137\",\n \"text\": \"Dissertation & Essay Writers Best Dissertation Writer in UK Education in London London is a leading global educational centre, having one of the largest populations of overseas students of any city in the world. London has the largest student population of any British city, although not the highest per capita. Universities in London may be divided into two groups: First, the federal University of London, which, with over 120,000 students, is the largest contact teaching university in the United Kingdom (smaller only than the distance-education Open University) and one of the largest Universities in Europe. It comprises 19 colleges and\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670128\",\n \"text\": \"Education in London London is a leading global educational centre, having one of the largest populations of overseas students of any city in the world. London has the largest student population of any British city, although not the highest per capita. Universities in London may be divided into two groups: First, the federal University of London, which, with over 120,000 students, is the largest contact teaching university in the United Kingdom (smaller only than the distance-education Open University) and one of the largest Universities in Europe. It comprises 19 colleges and 12 institutes, as well as a distance-learning External System.\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532099\",\n \"text\": \"so than today journalists' quotes were unreliable or even sheer inventions,\\\" and says no direct source in London's writings has been found. However, at least one line, according to Stasz, is authentic, being referenced by London and written in his own hand in the autograph book of Australian suffragette Vida Goldstein: <poem> Dear Miss Goldstein:– Seven years ago I wrote you that I'd rather be ashes than dust. I still subscribe to that sentiment. Sincerely yours, Jack London Jan. 13, 1909 </poem> Furthermore, in his short story \\\"By The Turtles of Tasman\\\", a character, defending her ne'er-do-well grasshopperish father to\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532097\",\n \"text\": \"is interesting as an example of a dystopian novel that anticipates and influenced George Orwell's \\\"Nineteen Eighty-Four\\\". London's socialist politics are explicitly on display here. \\\"The Iron Heel\\\" meets the contemporary definition of soft science fiction. \\\"The Star Rover\\\" (1915) is also science fiction. London's literary executor, Irving Shepard, quoted a \\\"Jack London Credo\\\" in an introduction to a 1956 collection of London stories: <poem> I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry-rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8259031\",\n \"text\": \"with effective communication and good working relations. In 1997, the University of Texas at Austin renamed its art museum the Blanton Museum of Art in his honor after receiving a $12 million donation from Houston Endowment Inc. Jack S. Blanton Jack Sawtelle Blanton (December 7, 1927 - December 28, 2013) was an American oil industry executive, philanthropist, and civic leader. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the son of William N. Blanton (June 23, 1890 – November 27, 1967) and Louise G. Wynn (September 21, 1898 – July 5, 1989). Blanton was raised in Houston, Texas, where his father was\",\n \"title\": \"Jack S. Blanton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8259027\",\n \"text\": \"Jack S. Blanton Jack Sawtelle Blanton (December 7, 1927 - December 28, 2013) was an American oil industry executive, philanthropist, and civic leader. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the son of William N. Blanton (June 23, 1890 – November 27, 1967) and Louise G. Wynn (September 21, 1898 – July 5, 1989). Blanton was raised in Houston, Texas, where his father was general manager of the chamber of commerce. After attending Lamar High School, Blanton earned a B.A. degree at University of Texas at Austin (UT) in 1947 with a double major in government and history, and an L.L.B.\",\n \"title\": \"Jack S. Blanton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17879176\",\n \"text\": \"who began to doubt the desirability of being associated with so dark a work. As a result, the film was shelved and not released until 1972, under its current title. What Became of Jack and Jill? What Became of Jack and Jill? is a 1972 British horror movie. It was part of an abandoned attempt by Amicus Pictures to compete with Hammer Studios by breaking into the grindhouse market. Studio executives were ultimately too disturbed by the final product to release it under the Amicus name, and they sold the film to 20th Century Fox. The film is notable for\",\n \"title\": \"What Became of Jack and Jill?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17879169\",\n \"text\": \"What Became of Jack and Jill? What Became of Jack and Jill? is a 1972 British horror movie. It was part of an abandoned attempt by Amicus Pictures to compete with Hammer Studios by breaking into the grindhouse market. Studio executives were ultimately too disturbed by the final product to release it under the Amicus name, and they sold the film to 20th Century Fox. The film is notable for being the final big-screen appearance of Vanessa Howard, for whom the movie was a last-ditch effort to make her into a scream queen. Johnnie Tallent is a callous young mod\",\n \"title\": \"What Became of Jack and Jill?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9026459\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"pianist\\\". He was later divorced and remarried in 1938. With athletics journalist Joe Binks, he co-wrote an athletics coaching manual in 1948, \\\"The Way to Win on Track and Field\\\", but the book was not a commercial success. He later worked as a porter at St Pancras Hospital, and died suddenly from a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Jack London (athlete) John Edward London (13 January 1905 – 2 May 1966) was a British athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres. Born in British Guiana, now Guyana, he won a silver and a bronze medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (athlete)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670130\",\n \"text\": \"Hospital Medical School and Central School of Speech and Drama. Traditionally all of the University of London institutions awarded degrees from the University of London itself, and not from the individual college or institution, but this changed in 2007/2008 when King's College London, the London School of Economics, University College London and the Institute of Education remained within the University of London system, but began awarding their own degrees. Imperial College London was a part of the University of London until 2007, but is now a separate institution. Secondly, there are other universities not part of the University of London,\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532053\",\n \"text\": \"Marshall Bond's diary mentions friendly sparring with London on political issues as a camp pastime. London left Oakland with a social conscience and socialist leanings; he returned to become an activist for socialism. He concluded that his only hope of escaping the work \\\"trap\\\" was to get an education and \\\"sell his brains\\\". He saw his writing as a business, his ticket out of poverty, and, he hoped, a means of beating the wealthy at their own game. On returning to California in 1898, London began working to get published, a struggle described in his novel, \\\"Martin Eden\\\" (serialized in\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7912148\",\n \"text\": \"London Environmental Education Forum The London Environmental Education Forum was set up in 1989 as a membership organisation to promote and champion the delivery of environmental education (EE) across Greater London, England. The forum's members work across the sector, taking in frontline teaching roles to backroom policy and everything in-between. Its members share information through an online discussion group and a regular newsletter. LEEF organises workshops and seminars to enhance members skills, spread best practice and provide networking opportunities. LEEF advertises job vacancies and promotes events linked with EE delivery. Membership is open to individuals and organisations interested or actively\",\n \"title\": \"London Environmental Education Forum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1418661\",\n \"text\": \"the Inner London Interim Education Authority until it came into its powers on 1 April 1986. In the May 1986 elections, each Inner London Parliamentary constituency elected two members of the ILEA. Labour won easily. The ILEA had fought off one attempt to abolish it in 1980. The abolition of the GLC, announced in 1983, led to another attempt to get rid of the ILEA, but the Inner London Boroughs were adjudged not ready to handle education services. The Conservative government was led by Margaret Thatcher, who had grown to dislike the ILEA as over-spending and over-bureaucratic while Education Secretary\",\n \"title\": \"Inner London Education Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13473471\",\n \"text\": \"IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal The IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal is presented \\\"for outstanding achievements in signal processing\\\" theory, technology or commerce. The recipients of this award will receive a gold medal, together with a replica in bronze, a certificate and an honorarium. The award was established in 1995 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and is sponsored by Texas Instruments Inc. It is named after Jack S. Kilby, whose innovation – like the co-invention of the integrated circuit – was fundamental for the signal processor and related digital signal processing development.\",\n \"title\": \"IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14575758\",\n \"text\": \"1986 Inner London Education Authority election The Inner London Education Authority election, 1986 was held on 8 May in order to elect 58 members to the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA). Constituents of the 29 seats of inner London (at the time) elected two members each. This was the first and last direct election to the ILEA, which was abolished in 1990 following the Education Reform Act 1988. Previously, members had been co-opted from the Greater London Council (GLC). The ILEA had been established in 1965 to assume the educational responsibilities of the former London County Council. It was originally\",\n \"title\": \"1986 Inner London Education Authority election\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11695443\",\n \"text\": \"fights for American boxing magazines. London was six feet tall and big framed, with a style that some regarded as crude and cumbersome. He fought most of his early fights in his native North East, whilst continuing to work as a lorry driver. He did not fight in the capital until October 1932, losing at Blackfriars against Jack O’Malley, an Australian heavyweight due to an injured hand. In November 1933, he fought Ben Foord, later to become British and Commonwealth heavyweight champion himself. London lost on points over ten rounds at the Crystal Palace. In December 1933, he also fought\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London (boxer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532075\",\n \"text\": \"next to some pioneer children, under a rock that belonged to the Wolf House. After Charmian's death in 1955, she was also cremated and then buried with her husband in the same simple spot that her husband chose. The grave is marked by a mossy boulder. The buildings and property were later preserved as Jack London State Historic Park, in Glen Ellen, California. Because he was using morphine, many older sources describe London's death as a suicide, and some still do. This conjecture appears to be a rumor, or speculation based on incidents in his fiction writings. His death certificate\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532041\",\n \"text\": \"of the North\\\", and \\\"Love of Life\\\". He also wrote about the South Pacific in stories such as \\\"The Pearls of Parlay\\\" and \\\"The Heathen\\\", and of the San Francisco Bay area in \\\"The Sea Wolf\\\". London was part of the radical literary group \\\"The Crowd\\\" in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers. He wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics, such as his dystopian novel \\\"The Iron Heel\\\", his non-fiction exposé \\\"The People of the Abyss\\\", and \\\"The War of the Classes\\\". Jack London's mother, Flora Wellman, was the fifth\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532066\",\n \"text\": \"The two developed a friendship, as Charmian, Netta, her husband Roscoe, and London were politically aligned with socialist causes. At some point the relationship became romantic, and Jack divorced his wife to marry Charmian, who was five years his senior. Biographer Russ Kingman called Charmian \\\"Jack's soul-mate, always at his side, and a perfect match.\\\" Their time together included numerous trips, including a 1907 cruise on the yacht \\\"Snark\\\" to Hawaii and Australia. Many of London's stories are based on his visits to Hawaii, the last one for 10 months beginning in December 1915. The couple also visited Goldfield, Nevada,\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532061\",\n \"text\": \"suspect a breakup of their marriage.\\\" London reportedly complained to friends Joseph Noel and George Sterling: [Bessie] is devoted to purity. When I tell her morality is only evidence of low blood pressure, she hates me. She'd sell me and the children out for her damned purity. It's terrible. Every time I come back after being away from home for a night she won't let me be in the same room with her if she can help it. Stasz writes that these were \\\"code words for [Bess's] fear that [Jack] was consorting with prostitutes and might bring home venereal disease.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670131\",\n \"text\": \"most of which were polytechnics until UK polytechnics were granted university status by a 1992 Act of Parliament. Among these are the University of Westminster, London South Bank University, University of Greenwich, City University, London, Middlesex University, London Metropolitan University, Brunel University, University of West London, the University of East London, and various other higher education institutions. Imperial College London, King's College London, LSE and UCL are leading centres of research and stand alongside MIT, Berkeley, Princeton, Yale and other US universities in terms of international reputation. Most of the leading British learned societies are based in London. The Royal\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1418663\",\n \"text\": \"some local controversy at the time, as both members represented constituencies (Chingford and Henley respectively) outside the ILEA area. The Government announced on 4 February 1988 that it would accept the Tebbit/Heseltine amendment and abolish the ILEA in 1990 as part of the Education Reform Act 1988. Once the Bill was passed, the ILEA then complied with this decision in the interests of education. The Inner London boroughs then became education authorities, and remain so today. The abolition of the ILEA meant that Inner London boroughs had to, among other things, establish their own admissions policies. This indirectly impacted school\",\n \"title\": \"Inner London Education Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14575759\",\n \"text\": \"made up of the members of the GLC who represented Inner London areas, together with one representative from each of the inner London boroughs. The abolition of the GLC led to an attempt to abolish the ILEA and devolve its powers to the inner London boroughs. The boroughs were judged not ready to handle education services, so the ILEA was retained. An initial proposal was to replace it with a joint board nominated by the boroughs. Ultimately, it was decided to hold direct elections. \\\"Electorate: 1,727,139. Turnout: 44.0%.\\\" 1986 Inner London Education Authority election The Inner London Education Authority election,\",\n \"title\": \"1986 Inner London Education Authority election\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13473472\",\n \"text\": \"The award may be presented to an individual or a group up to three in number. Nomination deadline: 1 July Notification: Recipients are typically approved during the November IEEE Board of Directors meeting. Recipients and their nominators will be notified following the meeting. Then the nominators of unsuccessful candidates will be notified of the status of their nomination. Presentation: At the annual IEEE Honors Ceremony The following people have received the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal: IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal The IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal is presented \\\"for outstanding achievements in signal\",\n \"title\": \"IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670129\",\n \"text\": \"Constituent colleges have a high degree of autonomy, controlling their own admissions and degree programmes, and are effectively universities in their own right. The largest and most well-known University of London colleges include (in order of student population size) King's College London, University College London, Birkbeck, Queen Mary, the London School of Economics and Political Science, Royal Holloway, Goldsmiths, and the Institute of Education. Smaller schools and institutes (with fewer than 5,000 students) include the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), the London Business School, the School of Pharmacy, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, St. George's\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8098183\",\n \"text\": \"merger ended most teacher-training activity, though notably Physical Education was preserved. The Rambert Ballet School went independent in 2003, citing financial and creative reasons for this change of status. Former staff of some renown include: Personal account, S.Batterbury West London Institute of Higher Education The West London Institute of Higher Education (WLIHE), a two-campus academic establishment, was located in Isleworth and East Twickenham, West London, UK from 1976 until 1995 when it became Brunel University College. In 1997 it was fully integrated into Brunel University. West London Institute was created in 1976 from the merger of Borough Road and Maria\",\n \"title\": \"West London Institute of Higher Education\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11413541\",\n \"text\": \"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11413536\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670135\",\n \"text\": \"important centre of medical education. The city's medical schools are attached to the leading hospitals and some of them are several centuries old. The number of schools has been reduced to five by a recent series of mergers: London is known as a city that is diverse, populated by peoples and cultures from many other parts of the globe. Many London schools require the teaching of foreign language. Public schools in Greater London include Harrow, City of London School, University College School, Westminster, Highgate School, Merchant Taylors' School and St Paul's School. International schools include The American School in London,\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11372892\",\n \"text\": \"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11372888\",\n \"text\": \"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11372889\",\n \"text\": \"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \\\"What It Was...\\\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \\\"\\\"Deacon\\\" Andy Griffith.\\\" Griffith made an appearance on \\\"The Ed Sullivan Show\\\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \\\"What It Was, Was Football\\\" was printed in \\\"Mad\\\" magazine in 1958,\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1418654\",\n \"text\": \"had a somewhat anomalous legal status. Technically the GLC itself was the education authority for inner London, but it was both administratively difficult and politically unjust to allow outer London members of the GLC to have an input. Therefore, the GLC delegated responsibility to the ILEA as a 'special committee', consisting of the members of the GLC from the Inner London area, plus one member delegated from each of the inner London boroughs and the City of London. Members of the GLC/ILEA tended to concentrate on one duty only, although they attended the meetings of both. It was possible for\",\n \"title\": \"Inner London Education Authority\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"532090\",\n \"text\": \"the name of \\\"Jack London Boulevard\\\" back to \\\"Two-mile Hill\\\". Western writer and historian Dale L. Walker writes: London's \\\"strength of utterance\\\" is at its height in his stories, and they are painstakingly well-constructed. \\\"To Build a Fire\\\" is the best known of all his stories. Set in the harsh Klondike, it recounts the haphazard trek of a new arrival who has ignored an old-timer's warning about the risks of traveling alone. Falling through the ice into a creek in seventy-five-below weather, the unnamed man is keenly aware that survival depends on his untested skills at quickly building a fire\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18671021\",\n \"text\": \"John George Jack Professor John George Jack (15 April 1861–1949) was an American dendrologist. The son of Robert and Annie Jack, John Jack was born at Châteaugay, Quebec, Canada. His father was a blacksmith-turned-farmer of Scottish descent, his mother a horticulturist of English descent who wrote articles under the title \\\"Garden News\\\". Jack's education never extended past high school, and he was largely an autodidact with regard botany. He spent two winters studying entomology with Dr H. A. Hagen at Harvard, and a summer working in the grounds of Mr E. S. Carmen, publisher of the \\\"Rural New Yorker\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"John George Jack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15760645\",\n \"text\": \"shot in Stereoscopic 3-D at studios in Stockholm with exteriors in Denmark. Set in Victorian London, a young aristocrat, Jack Armstrong, is desperate to win the love of his beloved, the greedy Lady Alice Faversham. Jack buys an insane asylum to turn into a \\\"love nest\\\", unaware that Jack the Ripper still lives there. What the Swedish Butler Saw What the Swedish Butler Saw is a 1975 Swedish-American erotic sex comedy film directed by Vernon P. Becker and starring Ole Søltoft, Sue Longhurst, Malou Cartwright and Diana Dors. It is known by several alternative titles including A Man with a\",\n \"title\": \"What the Swedish Butler Saw\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10650487\",\n \"text\": \"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \\\"What Happened Was...\\\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \\\"Siskel & Ebert\\\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \\\"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened Was\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11192585\",\n \"text\": \"Jack Mapanje Jack Mapanje (born 25 March 1944) is a Malawian writer and poet. He was the head of English at the Chancellor College, the main campus of the University of Malawi before being imprisoned in 1987 for his collection \\\"Of Chameleons and Gods\\\", which indirectly criticized the administration of President Hastings Banda. He was released in 1991 and emigrated to the UK, where he worked as a teacher. The child of Nyanja and Yao parents, John Alfred Clement (\\\"Jack\\\") Mapanje was born in Kadango Village, Mangochi District, Malawi. He received his BA in education from the University of London\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Mapanje\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12513125\",\n \"text\": \"appointed the BBC's Business Editor, replacing the promoted Kamal Ahmed. Jack is a son-in-law of the late composer John Barry. Simon Jack Simon Jack is a British business journalist and Business Editor for the BBC, known for appearing on \\\"BBC Breakfast\\\" until September 2011 and on BBC Radio 4's \\\"Today\\\" until February 2016. Simon Jack attended Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby and graduated from St John's College, Oxford with a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Before entering journalism, Jack worked for a decade as a corporate and investment banker in London, New York and Bermuda. He has said that\",\n \"title\": \"Simon Jack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2814031\",\n \"text\": \"of Oakland are located there as well. The Square was also the temporary home of the \\\"Oakland Tribune\\\" from 1989 to 1996 after the newspaper was forced to abandon the landmark downtown Tribune Tower due to damage it sustained in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Other businesses at Jack London Square range from the Oakland Athletics team headquarters and software firm Navis LLC, to restaurants such as Kincaid's Bay House and Yoshi's restaurant and jazz club. A mainline railroad runs through the middle of Embarcadero West, with the train speed limit set at 15 mph (25 km/h). The tracks running\",\n \"title\": \"Jack London Square\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1820078\",\n \"text\": \"revolted \\\"in several reigns under such memorable leaders as Black Kat, Straw Hat, John Bull and What Tyler?\\\", with objectives including \\\"to find out [...] which of them was the Leader of the Rebellion\\\". Straw was commemorated in the name of a pub on the edge of Hampstead Heath, London, which closed in 2002. The Jack Straw's Castle, reputed to be the highest pub in London, took its name from a story that Straw addressed groups of rebels on the Heath from a hay wagon which became known as \\\"Jack Straw's Castle\\\". The British politician Jack Straw (born John Whitaker\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Straw (rebel leader)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10840910\",\n \"text\": \"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \\\"What I Was\\\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4269834\",\n \"text\": \"Peggy is curious to know what Jack has been doing in London as he seems to be quite well off. Henry suggests inviting Jack up for a drink inconspicuously so he can talk to him about the right of way. Ruth Merrick, an old flame of Jack's, asks Joe about him in The Woolpack. Jack expresses his discomfort of sleeping on the sofa; Sam offers him his bed for the night. Jack pays Matt and Joe's wages in cash. Marian invites Jack for a drink. Henry tells him that he's changed his mind over the right of way but insists\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Sugden\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18660880\",\n \"text\": \"how we choose to tell stories.\\\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18660879\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11413537\",\n \"text\": \"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is set in the city\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12496667\",\n \"text\": \"channels to stay the execution of American convict Alderman and end what they called the \\\"gross injustice of 34 years\\\". They also sent letters to the Governor and Attorney-General of Georgia and its Board of Pardons and Paroles. Alderman was represented free-of-charge by the London law firm Clifford Chance. He was executed by lethal injection by the US State of Georgia on 16 September 2008. Jack Alderman was pronounced dead at 7:25 p.m. EDT at the Georgia Diagnostic and Classification State Prison. Jack Alderman Jack Edward Alderman (29 May 1951 – 16 September 2008) was, at the time of his\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Alderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8098175\",\n \"text\": \"West London Institute of Higher Education The West London Institute of Higher Education (WLIHE), a two-campus academic establishment, was located in Isleworth and East Twickenham, West London, UK from 1976 until 1995 when it became Brunel University College. In 1997 it was fully integrated into Brunel University. West London Institute was created in 1976 from the merger of Borough Road and Maria Grey teacher training colleges and Chiswick Polytechnic. Borough Road College, on the Osterley campus, dated back to 1889 in that location, and to 1798 in its previous home on Borough Road in Southwark. As a College of Higher\",\n \"title\": \"West London Institute of Higher Education\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5670133\",\n \"text\": \"vocational education below university level, but this distinction is breaking down and many further education colleges now offer university level courses validated by a local university and prepare students for university entrance, as well as providing vocational courses. London is Britain's leading centre for arts education. London's four music conservatories are the Royal College of Music, the Royal Academy of Music, Trinity College of Music, and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Other drama schools include Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (\\\"RADA\\\"), and the Central School of Speech and Drama. Art & Design schools include Central Saint Martins College\",\n \"title\": \"Education in London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19421270\",\n \"text\": \"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19421268\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12513124\",\n \"text\": \"Stock Exchange, Canary Wharf and outside the offices of HBOS and Lehman Brothers in London. Jack replaced Declan Curry as business presenter for \\\"BBC Breakfast\\\" in October 2008. In April 2010, he presented \\\"BBC Breakfast\\\" alongside Sian Williams while regular presenter Bill Turnbull followed the 2010 general election campaign trail. In September 2011, he left the BBC Breakfast team to join BBC Radio 4's \\\"Today.\\\" On 13 April 2015, Jack appeared in a BBC \\\"Panorama\\\" series relating to the survivors of suicide which investigated why more middle-aged men kill themselves than any other group. On 5 February 2016, Jack was\",\n \"title\": \"Simon Jack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12513122\",\n \"text\": \"Simon Jack Simon Jack is a British business journalist and Business Editor for the BBC, known for appearing on \\\"BBC Breakfast\\\" until September 2011 and on BBC Radio 4's \\\"Today\\\" until February 2016. Simon Jack attended Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby and graduated from St John's College, Oxford with a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Before entering journalism, Jack worked for a decade as a corporate and investment banker in London, New York and Bermuda. He has said that he neither liked the work, nor showed much ability at it. In 2003 he joined the BBC's business and economics\",\n \"title\": \"Simon Jack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1418659\",\n \"text\": \"the programming was transferred to VHS tapes and the CCTV network closed down. The Cockpit Theatre, Marylebone (also known at the Cockpit Youth and Arts Centre) in Gateforth Street, London, NW8, was built on the edge of the Lisson Green estate for ILEA in 1969-70 . It was designed as a Theatre in the round by Edward Mendelsohn. The ILEA created the first Theatre in Education company to be entirely housed within a Local Education Authority. It employed seven actor-teachers and a stage manager and focused its work on secondary schools and Further Education. As well as traditional T.I.E. the\",\n \"title\": \"Inner London Education Authority\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["university of california, berkeley","oakland high school"],"string":"[\n \"university of california, berkeley\",\n \"oakland high school\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1195,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what club team does ronaldinho play for?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2801250","text":"famous worldwide as 'Ronaldinho' and in Brazil as ‘Ronaldinho Gaúcho’. 'Quadraginta novem' means forty-nine, the number of Ronaldinho's T-shirt at Clube Atlético Mineiro (CAM), his former team in Brazil. Ronaldinho chose the number 49 as an homage to his mother, born in 1949.\" Ronaldinho Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), commonly known as Ronaldinho () or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer and ambassador for Barcelona. He played mostly as an attacking midfielder, but was also deployed as a forward or a winger. He played the bulk of his career at European clubs Paris Saint-Germain, Barcelona","title":"Ronaldinho"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801250\",\n \"text\": \"famous worldwide as 'Ronaldinho' and in Brazil as ‘Ronaldinho Gaúcho’. 'Quadraginta novem' means forty-nine, the number of Ronaldinho's T-shirt at Clube Atlético Mineiro (CAM), his former team in Brazil. Ronaldinho chose the number 49 as an homage to his mother, born in 1949.\\\" Ronaldinho Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), commonly known as Ronaldinho () or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer and ambassador for Barcelona. He played mostly as an attacking midfielder, but was also deployed as a forward or a winger. He played the bulk of his career at European clubs Paris Saint-Germain, Barcelona\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"16486161","text":"minutes each. Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team is an Italian animated television series based on the Brazilian soccer star Ronaldinho Gaúcho. The pilot episode was first broadcast on October 15, 2011, on the DeA Kids channel. \"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\" is the first animated series for TV produced by the Italian studio GIG Italy Entertainment, with the co-production of MSP - Mauricio de Sousa Produções, which publishes in Brazil the \"Ronaldinho Gaucho\" comic strip based on the fictionalised version of Ronaldinho as a child. The stories are based on the animated adventures of the character in comics, with 52 episodes","title":"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team"},{"psg_id":"16486160","text":"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team is an Italian animated television series based on the Brazilian soccer star Ronaldinho Gaúcho. The pilot episode was first broadcast on October 15, 2011, on the DeA Kids channel. \"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\" is the first animated series for TV produced by the Italian studio GIG Italy Entertainment, with the co-production of MSP - Mauricio de Sousa Produções, which publishes in Brazil the \"Ronaldinho Gaucho\" comic strip based on the fictionalised version of Ronaldinho as a child. The stories are based on the animated adventures of the character in comics, with 52 episodes of 11","title":"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team"},{"psg_id":"2801209","text":"a 7–7 draw. Ronaldinho finished with a pair of goals and two assists in what would be his last match as a Barcelona player. In preparation for the 2010 Joan Gamper Trophy, Ronaldinho sent an open letter to the fans and players of Barcelona, stating that his best years had been the five he spent in the Catalan club. It was a sad moment for him and he later said in an interview that he regretted leaving without playing long enough with Messi. In July 2008, Ronaldinho turned down a £25.5 million offer from Manchester City of the Premier League","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801182","text":"Barcelona to join Milan. He then returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo in 2011 and Atlético Mineiro a year later where he won the Copa Libertadores, before moving to Mexico to play for Querétaro and then back to Brazil to play for Fluminense in 2015. Ronaldinho accumulated numerous other individual awards in his career. He was included in the UEFA Team of the Year and the FIFA World XI three times, named UEFA Club Footballer of the Year in 2006 and the South American Footballer of the Year in 2013, and was named in the FIFA 100, a list","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801219","text":"Morocco in December, Atlético lost 3–1 to Raja Casablanca in the semi-final, with Ronaldinho scoring from a free-kick. As the final whistle blew, the Raja Casablanca team rushed to their childhood idol and stripped him down to his underpants in search of souvenirs. He renewed his contract with Atlético in January 2014. After winning the 2014 Recopa Sudamericana, Ronaldinho left the club in July, reaching an agreement to cancel his contract by mutual consent. After becoming a free agent, Ronaldinho was offered contracts from English Conference South club Basingstoke Town and newly formed Indian Super League franchise Chennai Titans through","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801196","text":"Thierry Henry or Ronaldinho\". Henry remained with Arsenal, and Laporte then promised to bring Beckham to the club, but following his transfer to Real Madrid, Barcelona entered the running for Ronaldinho and outbid Manchester United for his signature in a €30 million deal. Ronaldinho made his team debut in a friendly against Juventus at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts on 27 July, with coach Rijkaard stating post match, \"He has something special every time he touches the ball.\" He scored his first competitive goal in La Liga on 3 September 2003 against Sevilla at 1.30 a.m. local time, in a","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801241","text":"called up by coach Luiz Felipe Scolari for a friendly against England played on 6 February at Wembley Stadium as part of The Football Association (FA)'s 150th anniversary. Ronaldinho started in what was his 100th cap (including non-official matches), and had a chance to score from the penalty kick, but his shot was saved by Joe Hart. Brazil lost the match 1–2. He was again called up for the \"Seleção\", being named captain of the national team for an international friendly with Chile on 24 April 2013. However, Ronaldinho was not selected for the national team for the 2013 Confederations","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801192","text":"by controversy with Paris Saint-Germain manager Luis Fernández, claiming that the Brazilian was too focused on the Parisian nightlife rather than football, and complained that his holidays in Brazil never ended at the scheduled times. Despite repeated rifts with Fernández, Ronaldinho returned to the team for the 2002–03 season, with the player switching to the number 10 shirt. Though his performances in his second season with the club were underwhelming compared to his first, Ronaldinho performed admirably with the club. On 26 October 2002, he scored two goals in PSG's 3–1 victory over \"Classique\" rivals Marseille. The first goal was","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801208","text":"been a model professional and devoted himself to training during his hugely successful first three seasons at Barcelona, Ronaldinho's partying lifestyle and lack of dedication to training saw his physical condition decline, with many at the club believing he was now past his prime. On 19 May 2008, Barcelona club president Joan Laporta stated that Ronaldinho needed a \"new challenge\", claiming that he needed a new club if he were to revive his career. Ronaldinho and Barcelona teammate Lionel Messi each captained a team of international stars in an anti-racism exhibition match in Venezuela on 28 June, which ended in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801223","text":"that I have lived with people so special, you will be forever in my heart. Thank you very much the Nation Gallos Blancos, which made me very proud to wear this shirt and defend this club.\" On 11 July 2015, Ronaldinho announced his return to Brazil and signed an 18-month contract with Fluminense, but on 28 September, Ronaldinho reached a mutual agreement with the club to terminate the deal. He made nine appearances during his two-month stint at the club, failing to impress and being heavily criticized by the fans. Fluminense sporting director Mario Bittencourt stated, \"Ronaldinho asked us for","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801206","text":"told reporters that the latter was a goal he had dreamed of scoring since he was a boy. He scored once and set up two others in Barcelona's 4–0 Club World Cup win over Mexico's Club América on 14 December in Yokohama, Japan, but Barcelona were defeated 1–0 by Brazilian club Internacional in the final. Ronaldinho was the recipient of the Bronze Ball Award for the competition. The next day, Ronaldinho finished third in the 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year, behind 2006 World Cup-winning captain Fabio Cannavaro and Zinedine Zidane. Ronaldinho was forced to miss a charity match","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801217","text":"reference to his mother's birth year since his preferred number 10 was already assigned to Guilherme in the 2012 season. Ronaldinho made his debut for Galo on 9 June 2012, playing for 90 minutes in a 1–0 away win against Palmeiras, and scored his first goal for the club on 23 June 2012 against Náutico, from the penalty spot. Ronaldinho led Atlético Mineiro to a good 2012 season, in which the club finished second in the 2012 Brasileirão and qualified for the 2013 Copa Libertadores. Ronaldinho won the Bola de Ouro award, selected as the best player in the league.","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801216","text":"19th Taça Guanabara title, which earned the Campeonato Carioca title two months later, as the team also won the Taça Rio. On 27 July 2011, Ronaldinho scored a hat-trick in Flamengo's 5–4 away win against rivals Santos, after being 3–0 down inside the first 30 minutes. On 31 May 2012, after being absent for a few days, he sued Flamengo claiming lack of payment for four months and cancelled his contract with the club. Ronaldinho made a move to Atlético Mineiro on 4 June 2012 in a six-month contract, just four days after leaving Flamengo. He wore number 49 in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801215","text":"Premier League, and Brazilian clubs Corinthians and Palmeiras. He was greeted by more than 20,000 fans at his unveiling at his new club on 13 January 2011. Ronaldinho scored his first goal for Flamengo in the 3–2 victory against Boavista on 6 February 2011. On 27 February, he converted a second-half free kick for Flamengo to beat Boavista 1–0 and win his first piece of silverware with the team, the Taça Guanabara. Ronaldinho lifted his first trophy with Flamengo after curling in a right-footed shot over the wall in the 71st minute at Engenhão stadium. The goal gave Flamengo its","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801194","text":"and finished by lifting the ball over the goalkeeper. Ronaldinho was also praised for his performance in the Coupe de France when he scored both goals in the club's 2–0 win over Bordeaux in the semi-finals, which inserted PSG into the final. After scoring his first goal in the 22nd minute, Ronaldinho capped the game in the 81st minute, accurately chipping the ball at the 18-yard box over the head of goalkeeper Ulrich Ramé, despite Ramé being in a favorable position. For his performance, Ronaldinho was given a standing ovation by the Parisian supporters. Unfortunately for the club, however, Ronaldinho","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801186","text":"nickname \"Ronaldinho\" – \"inho\" meaning small – because he was often the youngest and the smallest player in youth club matches. He developed an interest in futsal and beach football, which later expanded to organized football. His first brush with the media came at the age of 13, when he scored all 23 goals in a 23–0 victory against a local team. Ronaldinho was identified as a rising star at the 1997 U-17 World Championship in Egypt, in which he scored two goals on penalty kicks. Growing up, his idols included the World Cup winning stars; Rivelino (from 1970), Diego","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801179","text":"Ronaldinho Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), commonly known as Ronaldinho () or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer and ambassador for Barcelona. He played mostly as an attacking midfielder, but was also deployed as a forward or a winger. He played the bulk of his career at European clubs Paris Saint-Germain, Barcelona and A.C. Milan as well as playing for the Brazilian national team. Often considered one of the best players of his generation and regarded by many as one of the greatest of all time, Ronaldinho won two FIFA World Player of the Year","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801238","text":"order to avoid the media. On 7 July 2008, Ronaldinho was named in Brazil's 2008 Summer Olympics squad as one of the over-age players. Barcelona initially blocked the move because of his then-upcoming Champions League commitments with the club, but the decision was later nullified following Ronaldinho's transfer to Milan, who in turn permitted him to make the trip to Beijing, China. Ronaldinho captained the team, and he scored his only two goals in a 5–0 victory over New Zealand before Brazil were beaten by Argentina in the semi-final. Brazil finished with the bronze medal after defeating Belgium 3–0 in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801229","text":"scored in every match except the final, including a hat-trick in an 8–2 semi-final rout of Saudi Arabia. In the final, Brazil lost 4–3 to Mexico. Ronaldinho won the Golden Ball award for the best player in tournament as well as the Golden Boot award for the tournament top-scorer. In 2000, Ronaldinho participated in the Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, with the U23 team. Earlier that year, Ronaldinho led Brazil to win the Pre-Olympic Tournament, scoring nine goals in seven matches. In the Olympics, however, Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Cameroon, who later won the gold medal. Ronaldinho","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801189","text":"signing Ronaldinho, but the move collapsed after he could not obtain a work permit because he was a non-EU player who had not played enough international matches. He considered playing on loan with Scottish Premier League side St Mirren, which never happened due to his involvement in a fake passport scandal in Brazil. In 2001, Ronaldinho signed a five-year contract with French club Paris Saint-Germain in a €5 million transfer. Upon his arrival in Paris, Ronaldinho was given the number 21 shirt and inserted into a lineup that included fellow Brazilian Aloísio, midfielder Jay-Jay Okocha and striker Nicolas Anelka. Ronaldinho","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801222","text":"that makes me like Mexico even more and I feel right at home.\" Ronaldinho scored two penalties in consecutive matches, the second giving Querétaro the classification to the Liga MX playoffs. On 17 May 2015, Querétaro progressed to the semi-finals after defeating Veracruz 4–3 aggregate. In the second match, Ronaldinho scored a free kick with the help of the opponent's goalkeeper who made contact with the ball. In June 2015, Ronaldinho, now 35, announced his departure from the club and thanked the Mexican people and fans of Querétaro: \"I want to thank all the Mexican nation for all the days","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801195","text":"and the team failed to capture the form that got them to the final as they bowed out 2–1 to Auxerre due to a last minute goal from Jean-Alain Boumsong. Despite Ronaldinho's performances, the club finished in a disappointing 11th-placed position. Following the season, Ronaldinho declared he wanted to leave the club after the capital club failed to qualify for any European competition. Newly elected FC Barcelona president Joan Laporta stated, \"I said we would lead Barça to the forefront of the footballing world, and for that to occur we had to sign one of these three players, David Beckham,","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801190","text":"made his league debut for the club on 4 August 2001, appearing as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Auxerre. Ronaldinho spent the majority of the first few months of the 2001–02 season alternated between the bench and starter's role. He scored his first goal for the club on 13 October in a 2–2 draw against Lyon, converting the equalizing penalty in the 79th minute after having come on ten minutes prior. After returning from the winter break, Ronaldinho went on a tear, scoring a goal in four consecutive matches to open the new campaign. He recorded impressive goals","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801218","text":"The following year, Ronaldinho helped Atlético win the Campeonato Mineiro and led the club to its first title of the Copa Libertadores. Ronaldinho scored four goals and assisted on seven occasions during Atlético's dramatic title run, which included consecutive comebacks from 0–2 first leg defeats in both the semi-finals against Argentinian Newell's Old Boys and the finals against Club Olimpia from Paraguay. Both ties were determined in Atlético's favour after penalty shootouts. Although six years past his best, Ronaldinho's displays saw him voted the 2013 South American Footballer of the Year. At the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup held in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801233","text":"a largely reserve squad. After falling short in 1999 and 2003, Ronaldinho was the captain of Brazil and led his team to its second ever Confederations Cup title in 2005. He converted a penalty kick in a 3–2 semi-final win against host Germany and was named Man of the Match in a 4–1 victory over archrival Argentina in the final on 29 June. Ronaldinho scored three goals in the tournament and is currently tied with Mexican forward Cuauhtémoc Blanco as the tournament's all-time scorer with nine goals. For the 2006 World Cup finals, Ronaldinho was part of Brazil's much-publicized \"magic","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801197","text":"match that kicked off at five minutes past midnight. After receiving the ball from his goalkeeper inside his own half, Ronaldinho ran through midfield and dribbled past two Sevilla players before striking the ball from 30 yards which hammered off the underside of the crossbar and back up into the roof of the net. Ronaldinho suffered from injury during the first half of the campaign, and Barcelona slumped to 12th in the league standings midway through the season. Ronaldinho returned from injury and scored 15 goals in La Liga during the 2003–04 season, helping the team ultimately finish second in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801187","text":"Maradona (from 1986), Romário (from 1994), and his two future international teammates Ronaldo and Rivaldo (which would form the attacking trio in Brazil's 2002 World Cup winning team). Ronaldinho is the father of a son, João, born on 25 February 2005 to Brazilian dancer Janaína Mendes and named after his late father. He gained Spanish citizenship in 2007. In March 2018 Ronaldinho joined the Brazilian Republican Party which has links to the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Ronaldinho endorsed presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 Brazilian presidential election. Ronaldinho's career began with the Grêmio youth squad. He","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801227","text":"to win the FIFA U-17 World Championship, which was held in Egypt, in which his first goal was a penalty against Austria in the first group match, which Brazil won 7–0. Ronaldinho finished with two goals and was awarded the Bronze Ball award as Brazil scored a total of 21 goals while only conceding 2. 1999 was a busy year for Ronaldinho in terms of international play. First he appeared in the South American Youth Championship, where he scored three goals and helped the U20s to reach third place. Then he took part in that year's FIFA World Youth Championship","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801200","text":"finish. With his contract expiring in 2008, Ronaldinho was offered an extension until 2014 that would have net him £85 million over nine years, but he turned it down. In September 2005, he signed a two-year extension that contained a minimum-fee release clause that allowed him to leave should a club make an offer to Barcelona of at least £85 million for him. By the end of the year 2005, Ronaldinho had started to accumulate a host of personal awards. He won the inaugural FIFPro World Player of the Year in September 2005, in addition to being included in the","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801205","text":"Team of the Year for the third consecutive time and was named the 2005–06 UEFA Club Footballer of the Year. He was named in the six man shortlist for the 2006 Laureus World Sportsman of the Year, and was selected in the FIFA World XI. On 25 November 2006, Ronaldinho scored his 50th career league goal against Villarreal, then scored a second time with a spectacular overhead bicycle kick; receiving Xavi’s cross, he flicked the ball up with his chest and spun 180 degrees to finish – Barcelona fans waved white handkerchiefs in admiration of the goal. Post match he","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801234","text":"quartet\" of offensive players alongside Adriano, Ronaldo and Kaká, which was expected to provide the \"Joga Bonito\" style of play that was the focus of an extensive advertising campaign by Nike leading up to the tournament. However, deemed \"top heavy and unbalanced\", the team finished with only six goals in five games, with Ronaldinho himself going scoreless and finishing with only one assist (for Gilberto's goal in a 4–1 group stage victory over Japan), as he turned in his worst collective performance in his international career. Brazil endured a disappointing campaign that culminated in a 1–0 loss to France in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801220","text":"their co-owner Prashant Agarwal, but eventually signed a two-year contract with Mexican club Querétaro on 5 September 2014. Ronaldinho made his debut for Querétaro in a 1–0 loss to Tigres UANL where he missed a penalty kick. In his next match, however, against Guadalajara, he had a much better game, setting up Camilo Sanvezzo to score as well as scoring himself from a penalty kick in a 4–1 win. On 30 October 2014, he scored a free kick against Atlas during an away match at the Estadio Jalisco. On 18 April 2015, Ronaldinho scored twice against Liga MX title-holders América","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801226","text":"would take place three years after his last appearance for Fluminense. He retired as one of just seven players to have won the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League and the Ballon d'Or. Ronaldinho appeared at the closing ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow on 15 July, performing a few bars of the Russian folk song \"Kalinka\" (sung by opera singer Aida Garifullina) on an African drum. Ronaldinho is one of few Brazilian players to have played at every international age level. In 1997, he was part of the first Brazilian team","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801214","text":"penalties in the domestic season to add to one botched kick the previous season. Ronaldinho ended the Serie A campaign scoring two goals against Juventus; Luca Antonini opened the scoring and Milan went on to win 3–0 in Leonardo's last game in charge. After being heavily linked with a move back to his childhood club Grêmio, Ronaldinho joined Flamengo on 11 January 2011 with a contract ending in 2014. During the transfer saga, many reports had linked the former World Player of the Year to joining different clubs, such as LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer, Blackburn Rovers of the","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801207","text":"on 13 March due to an injury he had picked up several days earlier in Barcelona's 3–3 \"El Clásico\" draw with Real Madrid. Although Ronaldinho scored his career-best 21 league goals, the team lost the title to Real with a worse head-to-head record, as both teams finished the season with the same number of points. Ronaldinho played his 200th career match for Barcelona in a league match against Osasuna on 3 February 2008. His 2007–08 campaign as a whole, however, was plagued by injuries, and a muscle tear in his right leg on 3 April prematurely ended his season. Having","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801191","text":"against Monaco, Rennes, Lens and Lorient. On 16 March 2002, he recorded a double in PSG's 3–1 victory against relegation strugglers Troyes. He scored his final league goal of the season in the club's 2–0 win over Metz on 27 April. Ronaldinho was also influential in the 2001–02 Coupe de la Ligue, helping PSG reach the semi-finals where they were eliminated by Bordeaux. In a Round of 16 match against Guingamp, Ronaldinho scored two second half goals in the game after having entered the match as a half-time substitute. Despite Ronaldinho's initial success with the club, the season was marred","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"2801235","text":"the quarter-finals, during which the \"Seleção\" had only one shot on goal. The team was harshly criticized by Brazilian fans and media following their return home. On 3 July, two days after Brazil's elimination, vandals immolated and destroyed a 23-foot (7.5-metre) tall fiberglass and resin statue of Ronaldinho in Chapecó. The statue had been erected in 2004 to celebrate his first FIFA World Player of the Year award. That same day, Ronaldinho, joined by Adriano, returned to the city of Barcelona and held a party at his home, which was continued into the early morning hours at a nightclub. This","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801221","text":"in an away game at the Estadio Azteca, in which his team won 4–0. All of the spectators, mostly consisting of América supporters, gave a standing ovation to Ronaldinho after his goals had brought him to tears. This was the second time in Ronaldinho's career he had received such an ovation from opposing fans (after Madrid fans had applauded his performance in a Barcelona shirt in 2005), and after the match, Ronaldinho stated in an interview, \"It is an emotion to live more. I had an ovation at the Bernabéu and now here. I never imagined this. It is something","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801181","text":"was instrumental in Barcelona winning the UEFA Champions League, their first in fourteen years, as well as another La Liga title, giving Ronaldinho his first career double. After scoring two spectacular solo goals in \"El Clásico\", Ronaldinho became the second Barcelona player, after Diego Maradona in 1983, to receive a standing ovation from Real Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernabéu. Ronaldinho also received his second FIFA World Player of the Year award, as well as the Ballon d'Or. Following a second-place La Liga finish to rivals Real Madrid in the 2006–07 season and an injury plagued 2007–08 season, Ronaldinho departed","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801246","text":"was the tragic death of his father at such a young age that may have seen Ronaldinho stop making the sacrifices needed to remain at the summit of the sport, with the attitude of \"life is short and can end unexpectedly–so enjoy it while you can.\" Ronaldinho has had endorsements with many companies, including Nike, Pepsi, Coca-Cola, EA Sports, Gatorade and Danone. One of the world's highest paid players, in 2006 he earned over $19 million from endorsements. Having endorsed Pepsi for much of his career and appeared in commercials with David Beckham, Thierry Henry and Lionel Messi, Ronaldinho signed","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801211","text":"6 November. Ronaldinho finished the 2008–09 season at Milan with 10 goals from 32 appearances in all competitions. After a good start to the season, Ronaldinho struggled with fitness, and was often played from the bench to end a disappointing first season for Milan. A perceived lack of dedication in training and a lifestyle of late night partying not befitting of an athlete saw him receive criticism, with Carlo Ancelotti, his coach at Milan in his first season in Italy, commenting, \"The decline of Ronaldinho hasn't surprised me. His physical condition has always been very precarious. His talent though has","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801204","text":"Barcelona had clinched their second-straight La Liga title with a 1–0 win over Celta de Vigo, giving Ronaldinho his first career double. Throughout the season, Ronaldinho linked up with prolific Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto'o in attack, providing a number of assists to the 34 goal striker; Ronaldinho's pass also put Eto'o through on goal in the Champions League Final from which he was brought down by Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann who was sent off. Ronaldinho finished the season with a career-best 26 goals, including seventeen in La Liga and seven in the Champions League, and was chosen for the UEFA","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"2801183","text":"of the world's greatest living players compiled by Pelé. At international level, Ronaldinho played 97 matches for the Brazil national team, scoring 33 goals and representing his country in two FIFA World Cups. He was an integral part of the 2002 FIFA World Cup-winning team in Korea and Japan, starring alongside Ronaldo and Rivaldo in an attacking trio, scoring two goals, including a free-kick from 40 yards out against England, registering two assists and being named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team. As captain, he led Brazil to their second Confederations Cup title in 2005 and was named Man","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801213","text":"kick, scored with a header from a corner and finished with a strike into the top right corner from 20 yards out. The \"Estado De São Paulo\" newspaper declared, \"Ronaldinho revives his golden years.\" On 16 February, Ronaldinho played against Manchester United in the Champions League. He scored early in the game at the San Siro to give Milan the lead. Milan ended up losing the game 3–2, with a goal from Paul Scholes and two goals from Wayne Rooney. Ronaldinho finished the season as the assists leader of Serie A. On a less positive note, however, he missed three","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801231","text":"Ronaldinho's World Cup career took place in the quarter-final against England on 21 June. With Brazil trailing after Michael Owen's 23-minute strike, Ronaldinho turned the game around. Having received the ball inside his own half, Ronaldinho ran at the England defence and wrong footed star defender Ashley Cole with a trademark step over before passing the ball to Rivaldo on the edge of the penalty area to score the equalising goal just before half-time. Then, in the 50th minute, Ronaldinho took a free-kick from 40 yards out which curled into the top left corner of the net, completely surprising England's","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801188","text":"made his senior side debut during the 1998 Copa Libertadores. 1999 saw the emergence of the 18-year-old Ronaldinho, with 23 goals in 48 matches, and he put in headlining displays in derbies against Internacional, most notably on 20 June 1999 in the Rio Grande do Sul State Championship final. In a match-winning performance, Ronaldinho embarrassed Internacional's Brazilian legend and 1994 World Cup-winning captain Dunga, flicking the ball over his head on one occasion, and leaving him flat-footed in a mazy dribble on another. Ronaldinho achieved further success with Grêmio, winning the inaugural Copa Sul-Minas. In 2001, Arsenal expressed interest in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801239","text":"the bronze medal match. Despite having returned to good form and being named as a member of the 30-man provisional squad that was submitted to FIFA on 11 May 2010, he was not named in coach Dunga's final squad of 23 for the Brazilian squad in South Africa for the 2010 World Cup despite his deep desire to participate in the competition. Critics claimed that the exclusion of players such as Ronaldinho, Alexandre Pato, Adriano and Ronaldo signaled a move away from the classic Brazilian attacking \"Jogo Bonito\" style of play. At the tournament, Brazil was eliminated by the Netherlands","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"16663178","text":"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \"What Does The Bee Do?\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \"IGN\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\" \"The A.V. Club\" rated the episode an \"A-\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"2801198","text":"the league. His scooped pass set up the winning goal for Xavi away to Real Madrid on 25 April 2004, the club's first win at the Bernabéu in seven years, a result Xavi credits as the start of \"the Barcelona rise.\" Ronaldinho won his first league title in 2004–05, and was named FIFA World Player of the Year on 20 December 2004. His captain at Barcelona, Carles Puyol, stated, \"The greatest compliment I could give him is that he's given Barcelona our spirit back. He has made us smile again.\" His fame was growing with his entertaining and productive play","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801199","text":"in both the La Liga and the UEFA Champions League. On 8 March 2005, Barcelona were eliminated from the latter competition by Chelsea in the first knockout round, losing 5–4 over two legs. Ronaldinho scored both goals in the 4–2 second leg loss at Stamford Bridge in London, the second a spectacular strike where he feinted to shoot before striking the ball with no back-lift past Chelsea goalkeeper Petr Čech from 20 yards out. On 1 May 2005, Ronaldinho made the assist for Lionel Messi's first goal for Barcelona, executing a scooped pass over the Albacete defence for Messi to","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801184","text":"of the Match in the final. Ronaldinho scored three goals in the tournament, taking his total to nine, making him the competition's joint all-time leading goalscorer. Ronaldo de Assis Moreira was born 21 March 1980 in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. His mother, Dona Miguelina Elói Assis dos Santos (daughter of Enviro Assis), is a former salesperson who studied to become a nurse. His father, João de Assis Moreira, was a shipyard worker and footballer for local club Esporte Clube Cruzeiro (not to be confused with the larger Cruzeiro Esporte Clube).","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801201","text":"2005 FIFPro World XI, and being named the 2005 European Footballer of the Year. Also that year, Ronaldinho was voted the FIFA World Player of the Year for the second consecutive year. He became only the third player to win the award more than once, after three-time winners Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane. His domination as the world's best footballer was undisputed as he also won the prestigious Ballon d'Or for the only time in his career. On 19 November, Ronaldinho scored twice as Barcelona defeated Real Madrid 3–0 on the road in the first leg of \"El Clásico\". After he","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"2801212","text":"never been in question.\" Ronaldinho's second season did not begin on a high note, but he soon rediscovered his form and was arguably Milan's best player of the season. Newly appointed coach Leonardo changed his role from a central attacking midfielder to the left side of midfield, with Alexandre Pato on the right, in an offensive 4–3–3 formation. On 10 January 2010, Ronaldinho scored two goals against Juventus in an away match, sealing a 3–0 victory for the \"Rossoneri\". In the following match, against Siena on 17 January, Ronaldinho scored his first hat-trick for Milan when he converted a penalty","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801247","text":"a deal with Coca-Cola in 2011, however this was terminated in July 2012 after he was caught drinking Pepsi in a news conference. Ronaldinho has featured in EA Sports' \"FIFA\" video game series, appearing on the cover of \"FIFA Football 2004\", \"FIFA 06\", \"FIFA 07\", \"FIFA 08\" and \"FIFA 09\". At the beginning of his career Ronaldinho signed a lucrative 10-year deal with sportswear company Nike (wearing Nike Tiempo R10 boots designed for him). He has appeared in Nike commercials, including the 2002 \"Secret Tournament\" commercial (branded \"Scopion KO\") directed by Terry Gilliam. His 2005 Nike advertisement, where he is","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801245","text":"a rare case of an assist man who can provide the ball from anywhere.\" In spite of his performances at his peak, a period of dedication and focus which saw him twice named the FIFA World Player of the Year and receive the Ballon d'Or, Ronaldinho was also criticised on occasion in the media for his lack of discipline in training, as well as his hedonistic lifestyle off the pitch, which some pundits believed had an impact on the overall longevity of his career. Referring to Ronaldinho as \"Brazil's childlike genius who never grew up\", Tim Vickery writes that it","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801243","text":"penalty area, and was also a free-kick and penalty kick specialist. Throughout his career, Ronaldinho was praised in particular for his technical skills and creativity; due to his pace, acceleration, agility, balance, ball control, and dribbling ability, he was capable of beating players when undertaking individual runs, often using feints in one on one situations. Among his repertoire of moves, Ronaldinho was one of the best exponents of the \"elastico\", a move he learned by watching videos of one of his idols, the 1970s Brazilian star Rivelino. In parts of Africa, especially Nigeria, this move is called 'The Gaúcho', after","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801224","text":"a meeting. He respectfully told us he didn't feel he was able to perform as good as he wanted and that it was a bad situation for him. He made a great gesture in saying he wasn't being the player he felt he could be right now. I'll never speak about whether or not he is retiring. That's not something you say about a player of his calibre. He was always spectacular, as player and person.\" In July 2016 Ronaldinho played for the \"Goa 5′s\", a futsal team from Goa in India, together with Ryan Giggs, Paul Scholes, Míchel Salgado,","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801203","text":"16 for a rematch of the previous year. Ronaldinho scored a decisive goal in the second leg, going past three Chelsea defenders on the edge of the penalty area before beating the goalkeeper, sealing Barcelona's qualification to the next round. He also contributed one goal in Barcelona's elimination of Benfica in the quarter-finals with a 2–0 home victory. After a 1–0 semifinal aggregate win over Milan, in which Ronaldinho assisted the series' only goal by Ludovic Giuly, Barcelona progressed to the Champions League Final, which they won on 17 May 2006 with a 2–1 defeat of Arsenal. Two weeks earlier,","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801240","text":"in the quarter-final. In September 2011, Ronaldinho made his return to the national team under coach Mano Menezes in a friendly against Ghana at Fulham's Craven Cottage, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 win for Brazil. He then had solid performances in back to back friendlies against Argentina in the same month. In October, he performed well against Mexico in a friendly, scoring a free kick to equalize after Dani Alves was sent off. Brazil went on to win the match with a goal from Marcelo. Ronaldinho's good form continued in 2013, and in January he was unexpectedly","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"2801248","text":"given a new pair of boots and then proceeds to juggle a football and appears to repeatedly volley it against the crossbar of a goal and recover it without the ball touching the ground, went viral on YouTube, becoming the site's first video to reach one million views. A 2010 Nike commercial, Write the Future directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu, features him executing a number of stepovers, which becomes a viral video re-enacted and shared millions of times. A wax sculpture of Ronaldinho was unveiled at Madame Tussauds Hong Kong in December 2007. Ronaldinho has had an official role with","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801244","text":"Ronaldinho, due to his role in popularising the use of this particular skill. ESPN described Ronaldinho as being \"skillful by nature, his tricks are unparalleled and he is wonderful with the ball at his feet. One of the coolest players in pressure situations\" and a \"fast, brash, skilful, tricky, an uninhibited playmaker\" who provides \"a mix of goals, assists, skills and a large repertoire of crafty moves\". Former Portugal midfield playmaker Rui Costa has said of his vision and passing ability: \"There are not many players who can offer goalscoring passes like he can. He is just marvellous. He is","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801236","text":"aggravated the hard feelings of many Brazilian fans, who believed that they were betrayed by the lack of effort from the squad. Displaying a passivity to Brazil's poor showing, the 2006 World Cup is now seen as the turning point in Ronaldinho's career, with his time at the summit of the game almost up. 1970 Brazil World Cup winner Tostão wrote in \"O Tempo\": \"Ronaldinho lacks an important characteristic of Maradona and Pelé — aggression. They transformed themselves in adversity. They became possessed, and furious.\" On 24 March 2007, Ronaldinho scored twice in a 4–0 win over Chile, which marked","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801230","text":"appeared four times and scored only one goal, which came in the quarter-final defeat by Cameroon. Ronaldinho participated in his first World Cup in 2002, as part of a formidable offensive unit with Ronaldo and Rivaldo, dubbed the \"Three Rs\", who were also on the 1999 Copa América winning squad. The World Cup was held in Korea and Japan, and Ronaldinho appeared in five matches during the tournament and scored two goals, as well as contributing several important assists. His first goal came in the group stage match against China PR, which Brazil won 4–0. The most memorable match in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801225","text":"and Hernán Crespo as well as futsal player Falcão in the Premier Futsal League. After two games he left India to be an ambassador of the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. He was replaced by Cafu. From September to early October 2017 Ronaldinho joined the \"Delhi Dragons\" from Delhi in the Premier Futsal League. He scored 16 goals in eight games. On 16 January 2018, Ronaldinho confirmed his retirement from football through his brother/agent: \"He has stopped, it is ended. Let's do something pretty big and nice after the Russia World Cup, probably in August.\" Such a celebration","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"19095970","text":"What Does It Take (Dave Days song) \"What Does It Take\" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP \"Dinner and a Movie\". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn","title":"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)"},{"psg_id":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"19980607","text":"sitcom\". Writing in \"The Guardian\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \"What Does The K Stand For?\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \"Everybody Hates Chris\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\". However, he added, \"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"15817517","text":"Players) and the United Kingdom. It is popular with amateur theatre groups and secondary school students, having been in the senior English syllabi for four Australian states for many years. In 2007, \"The Club\" was re-produced and toured throughout Australia, starring John Wood. The club pays a high price for Tasmanian recruit, Geoff Hayward. Geoff does not play well initially, infuriating the dedicated coach, Laurie Holden (Thompson). With the club playing so badly, Laurie's coaching days look to be over soon. Club president Ted Parker is forced to resign following an assault on a stripper. The incident could have been","title":"The Club (play)"},{"psg_id":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"17544505","text":"\"YouTube Rewind: What Does 2013 Say?\", a homage paid by YouTube to the year's top videos. The song has been featured for multiple times on television. It was used in an advertisement for the Fox Network featuring clips of FOX programs and actors singing the song. On 28 October, four contestants on the seventeenth season of \"Dancing with the Stars\" performed the song for the \"Team Dance\" week under the team name \"Foxing Awesome\", scoring a perfect 30. NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\" cast-member Jay Pharoah and host Kerry Washington appeared in a parody video of the song titled \"My Girl\"","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"20171704","text":"Team Essex Volleyball Club Team Essex VC is a volleyball team based in Chelmsford, Great Britain since 2013. The club consists of two men's teams and a women's team that play in Volleyball England's English National Volleyball League. The Men's 1st team play in Volleyball England's Super League, Englands top division. The Men's 2nd team play in Division 2. The Women's 1st team play in Division 1. The club was set up in 2013 by James Bernardi, Paul French and Steven Rosser. The men and women's teams are conglomerates, the men formed through the partnership of Brentwood VC, Chelmsford VC","title":"Team Essex Volleyball Club"},{"psg_id":"13810766","text":"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \"What Kate Does\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \"generally favorable","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13197575","text":"and the gravitational attraction of a creature in a distant galaxy can change the fate of the solar system.\" The title of the book is a reference to a famous quote by Albert Einstein. Does God Play Dice? Does God Play Dice: The New Mathematics of Chaos is a non-fiction book about chaos theory written by British mathematician Ian Stewart. The book was initially published by Blackwell Publishing in 1989. In this book, Stewart explains chaos theory to an audience presumably unfamiliar with it. As the book progresses the writing changes from simple explanations of chaos theory to in-depth, rigorous","title":"Does God Play Dice?"},{"psg_id":"13197573","text":"Does God Play Dice? Does God Play Dice: The New Mathematics of Chaos is a non-fiction book about chaos theory written by British mathematician Ian Stewart. The book was initially published by Blackwell Publishing in 1989. In this book, Stewart explains chaos theory to an audience presumably unfamiliar with it. As the book progresses the writing changes from simple explanations of chaos theory to in-depth, rigorous mathematical study. Stewart covers mathematical concepts such as differential equations, resonance, nonlinear dynamics, and probability. The book is illustrated with diagrams and graphs of mathematical concepts and equations when applicable. The back of the","title":"Does God Play Dice?"},{"psg_id":"8714685","text":"Live: You Get What You Play For Live: You Get What You Play For is a live album by rock band REO Speedwagon, released as a double-LP in 1977 (and years later as a single CD omitting \"Gary's Guitar Solo\" and \"Little Queenie\"). It was recorded at Memorial Hall in Kansas City, Kansas, the Convention Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, Kiel Auditorium in Saint Louis, Missouri and Alex Cooley's Electric Ballroom in Atlanta, Georgia. It peaked at number #72 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1977. The song \"Ridin' the Storm Out\" reached #94 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. The album","title":"Live: You Get What You Play For"},{"psg_id":"2801180","text":"awards and a Ballon d'Or. He was renowned for his technical skills and creativity; due to his agility, pace and dribbling ability, as well as his use of tricks, feints, overhead kicks, no-look passes and accuracy from free-kicks. Ronaldinho made his career debut for Grêmio, in 1998. At age 20, he moved to Paris Saint-Germain in France before signing for Barcelona in 2003. In his second season with Barcelona, he won his first FIFA World Player of the Year award, as Barcelona won La Liga. The season that followed is considered one of the best in his career as he","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"8050854","text":"lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"12306941","text":"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \"What They Like, Inc.\", other sites","title":"What They Play"},{"psg_id":"2801232","text":"goalkeeper David Seaman, giving Brazil a 2–1 lead. Seven minutes later, however, he was controversially sent-off for a foul on England's defender Danny Mills. Ronaldinho was suspended for the semi-final, but returned to Brazil's starting lineup for the 2–0 victory over Germany in the final as Brazil won its record fifth World Cup title. Ronaldinho's next international tournament was the 2003 Confederations Cup, in which he went scoreless as Brazil were eliminated in the group stage. The following year, he was dropped from Brazil's 2004 Copa América squad, as coach Carlos Alberto Parreira decided to rest his stars and used","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801210","text":"to join Italian Serie A giants A.C. Milan on a three-year contract thought to be worth around £5.1 million (€6.5 million) a year, for €22.05 million plus €1.05 million bonus each season (€24.15 million in 2010). With the number 10 already occupied by teammate Clarence Seedorf, he selected 80 as his jersey number. Ronaldinho scored his first goal for Milan in a 1–0 derby victory over rival Internazionale on 28 September 2008. His first brace was in a 3–0 win over Sampdoria on 19 October 2008. He scored a 93rd-minute match-winner against Braga in the UEFA Cup group stage on","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"3703477","text":"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \"does exactly what it says on the tube\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \"What It Says on the Tin\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"2801237","text":"his first goal since the 2005 Confederations Cup final and thus ended a scoreless streak that lasted nearly two years. He was not called up for the 2007 Copa América after asking to be excused from the tournament due to fatigue. On 18 October, he was controversially benched by Barcelona after he was late returning to Spain following Brazil's 5–0 friendly win over Ecuador. He and several Brazil players celebrated the win by partying through the night at a posh Rio de Janeiro nightclub. Ronaldinho left at 11 am the next morning, allegedly in the trunk of a car in","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"2801202","text":"sealed the match with his second goal, Madrid fans paid homage to his performance by applauding, so rare a tribute only Diego Maradona had ever been granted previously as a Barcelona player at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. Ronaldinho stated, \"I will never forget this because it is very rare for any footballer to be applauded in this way by the opposition fans.\" The season is considered one of the best in Ronaldinho's career as he was an instrumental part of Barcelona's first Champions League title in 14 years. After winning their group convincingly, Barcelona faced Chelsea in the round of","title":"Ronaldinho"},{"psg_id":"13810777","text":"that it by no means compared to \"LA X\", but stated that it \"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \"freakin' outstanding\" and called \"What Kate Does\" \"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810770","text":"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\" Whitney Matheson of \"USA Today\" said that she \"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\" after watching \"What Kate Does\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \"one of Josh","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"12306939","text":"What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \"What They Like, Inc.\", other sites featuring books, movies and music followed. The site was launched in 2007 by two former Ziff Davis members Ira Becker, executive vice-president of the Game Group, and ex-1UP.com writer and Senior vice-president of the Game Group John Davison. Davison announced his departure from Ziff in August 2007, with Becker's announcement soon following. The two","title":"What They Play"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16486161\",\n \"text\": \"minutes each. Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team is an Italian animated television series based on the Brazilian soccer star Ronaldinho Gaúcho. The pilot episode was first broadcast on October 15, 2011, on the DeA Kids channel. \\\"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\\\" is the first animated series for TV produced by the Italian studio GIG Italy Entertainment, with the co-production of MSP - Mauricio de Sousa Produções, which publishes in Brazil the \\\"Ronaldinho Gaucho\\\" comic strip based on the fictionalised version of Ronaldinho as a child. The stories are based on the animated adventures of the character in comics, with 52 episodes\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16486160\",\n \"text\": \"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team is an Italian animated television series based on the Brazilian soccer star Ronaldinho Gaúcho. The pilot episode was first broadcast on October 15, 2011, on the DeA Kids channel. \\\"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\\\" is the first animated series for TV produced by the Italian studio GIG Italy Entertainment, with the co-production of MSP - Mauricio de Sousa Produções, which publishes in Brazil the \\\"Ronaldinho Gaucho\\\" comic strip based on the fictionalised version of Ronaldinho as a child. The stories are based on the animated adventures of the character in comics, with 52 episodes of 11\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801209\",\n \"text\": \"a 7–7 draw. Ronaldinho finished with a pair of goals and two assists in what would be his last match as a Barcelona player. In preparation for the 2010 Joan Gamper Trophy, Ronaldinho sent an open letter to the fans and players of Barcelona, stating that his best years had been the five he spent in the Catalan club. It was a sad moment for him and he later said in an interview that he regretted leaving without playing long enough with Messi. In July 2008, Ronaldinho turned down a £25.5 million offer from Manchester City of the Premier League\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801182\",\n \"text\": \"Barcelona to join Milan. He then returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo in 2011 and Atlético Mineiro a year later where he won the Copa Libertadores, before moving to Mexico to play for Querétaro and then back to Brazil to play for Fluminense in 2015. Ronaldinho accumulated numerous other individual awards in his career. He was included in the UEFA Team of the Year and the FIFA World XI three times, named UEFA Club Footballer of the Year in 2006 and the South American Footballer of the Year in 2013, and was named in the FIFA 100, a list\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801219\",\n \"text\": \"Morocco in December, Atlético lost 3–1 to Raja Casablanca in the semi-final, with Ronaldinho scoring from a free-kick. As the final whistle blew, the Raja Casablanca team rushed to their childhood idol and stripped him down to his underpants in search of souvenirs. He renewed his contract with Atlético in January 2014. After winning the 2014 Recopa Sudamericana, Ronaldinho left the club in July, reaching an agreement to cancel his contract by mutual consent. After becoming a free agent, Ronaldinho was offered contracts from English Conference South club Basingstoke Town and newly formed Indian Super League franchise Chennai Titans through\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801196\",\n \"text\": \"Thierry Henry or Ronaldinho\\\". Henry remained with Arsenal, and Laporte then promised to bring Beckham to the club, but following his transfer to Real Madrid, Barcelona entered the running for Ronaldinho and outbid Manchester United for his signature in a €30 million deal. Ronaldinho made his team debut in a friendly against Juventus at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts on 27 July, with coach Rijkaard stating post match, \\\"He has something special every time he touches the ball.\\\" He scored his first competitive goal in La Liga on 3 September 2003 against Sevilla at 1.30 a.m. local time, in a\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801241\",\n \"text\": \"called up by coach Luiz Felipe Scolari for a friendly against England played on 6 February at Wembley Stadium as part of The Football Association (FA)'s 150th anniversary. Ronaldinho started in what was his 100th cap (including non-official matches), and had a chance to score from the penalty kick, but his shot was saved by Joe Hart. Brazil lost the match 1–2. He was again called up for the \\\"Seleção\\\", being named captain of the national team for an international friendly with Chile on 24 April 2013. However, Ronaldinho was not selected for the national team for the 2013 Confederations\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801192\",\n \"text\": \"by controversy with Paris Saint-Germain manager Luis Fernández, claiming that the Brazilian was too focused on the Parisian nightlife rather than football, and complained that his holidays in Brazil never ended at the scheduled times. Despite repeated rifts with Fernández, Ronaldinho returned to the team for the 2002–03 season, with the player switching to the number 10 shirt. Though his performances in his second season with the club were underwhelming compared to his first, Ronaldinho performed admirably with the club. On 26 October 2002, he scored two goals in PSG's 3–1 victory over \\\"Classique\\\" rivals Marseille. The first goal was\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801208\",\n \"text\": \"been a model professional and devoted himself to training during his hugely successful first three seasons at Barcelona, Ronaldinho's partying lifestyle and lack of dedication to training saw his physical condition decline, with many at the club believing he was now past his prime. On 19 May 2008, Barcelona club president Joan Laporta stated that Ronaldinho needed a \\\"new challenge\\\", claiming that he needed a new club if he were to revive his career. Ronaldinho and Barcelona teammate Lionel Messi each captained a team of international stars in an anti-racism exhibition match in Venezuela on 28 June, which ended in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801223\",\n \"text\": \"that I have lived with people so special, you will be forever in my heart. Thank you very much the Nation Gallos Blancos, which made me very proud to wear this shirt and defend this club.\\\" On 11 July 2015, Ronaldinho announced his return to Brazil and signed an 18-month contract with Fluminense, but on 28 September, Ronaldinho reached a mutual agreement with the club to terminate the deal. He made nine appearances during his two-month stint at the club, failing to impress and being heavily criticized by the fans. Fluminense sporting director Mario Bittencourt stated, \\\"Ronaldinho asked us for\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801206\",\n \"text\": \"told reporters that the latter was a goal he had dreamed of scoring since he was a boy. He scored once and set up two others in Barcelona's 4–0 Club World Cup win over Mexico's Club América on 14 December in Yokohama, Japan, but Barcelona were defeated 1–0 by Brazilian club Internacional in the final. Ronaldinho was the recipient of the Bronze Ball Award for the competition. The next day, Ronaldinho finished third in the 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year, behind 2006 World Cup-winning captain Fabio Cannavaro and Zinedine Zidane. Ronaldinho was forced to miss a charity match\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801217\",\n \"text\": \"reference to his mother's birth year since his preferred number 10 was already assigned to Guilherme in the 2012 season. Ronaldinho made his debut for Galo on 9 June 2012, playing for 90 minutes in a 1–0 away win against Palmeiras, and scored his first goal for the club on 23 June 2012 against Náutico, from the penalty spot. Ronaldinho led Atlético Mineiro to a good 2012 season, in which the club finished second in the 2012 Brasileirão and qualified for the 2013 Copa Libertadores. Ronaldinho won the Bola de Ouro award, selected as the best player in the league.\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801216\",\n \"text\": \"19th Taça Guanabara title, which earned the Campeonato Carioca title two months later, as the team also won the Taça Rio. On 27 July 2011, Ronaldinho scored a hat-trick in Flamengo's 5–4 away win against rivals Santos, after being 3–0 down inside the first 30 minutes. On 31 May 2012, after being absent for a few days, he sued Flamengo claiming lack of payment for four months and cancelled his contract with the club. Ronaldinho made a move to Atlético Mineiro on 4 June 2012 in a six-month contract, just four days after leaving Flamengo. He wore number 49 in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801215\",\n \"text\": \"Premier League, and Brazilian clubs Corinthians and Palmeiras. He was greeted by more than 20,000 fans at his unveiling at his new club on 13 January 2011. Ronaldinho scored his first goal for Flamengo in the 3–2 victory against Boavista on 6 February 2011. On 27 February, he converted a second-half free kick for Flamengo to beat Boavista 1–0 and win his first piece of silverware with the team, the Taça Guanabara. Ronaldinho lifted his first trophy with Flamengo after curling in a right-footed shot over the wall in the 71st minute at Engenhão stadium. The goal gave Flamengo its\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801194\",\n \"text\": \"and finished by lifting the ball over the goalkeeper. Ronaldinho was also praised for his performance in the Coupe de France when he scored both goals in the club's 2–0 win over Bordeaux in the semi-finals, which inserted PSG into the final. After scoring his first goal in the 22nd minute, Ronaldinho capped the game in the 81st minute, accurately chipping the ball at the 18-yard box over the head of goalkeeper Ulrich Ramé, despite Ramé being in a favorable position. For his performance, Ronaldinho was given a standing ovation by the Parisian supporters. Unfortunately for the club, however, Ronaldinho\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801186\",\n \"text\": \"nickname \\\"Ronaldinho\\\" – \\\"inho\\\" meaning small – because he was often the youngest and the smallest player in youth club matches. He developed an interest in futsal and beach football, which later expanded to organized football. His first brush with the media came at the age of 13, when he scored all 23 goals in a 23–0 victory against a local team. Ronaldinho was identified as a rising star at the 1997 U-17 World Championship in Egypt, in which he scored two goals on penalty kicks. Growing up, his idols included the World Cup winning stars; Rivelino (from 1970), Diego\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801179\",\n \"text\": \"Ronaldinho Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), commonly known as Ronaldinho () or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer and ambassador for Barcelona. He played mostly as an attacking midfielder, but was also deployed as a forward or a winger. He played the bulk of his career at European clubs Paris Saint-Germain, Barcelona and A.C. Milan as well as playing for the Brazilian national team. Often considered one of the best players of his generation and regarded by many as one of the greatest of all time, Ronaldinho won two FIFA World Player of the Year\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801238\",\n \"text\": \"order to avoid the media. On 7 July 2008, Ronaldinho was named in Brazil's 2008 Summer Olympics squad as one of the over-age players. Barcelona initially blocked the move because of his then-upcoming Champions League commitments with the club, but the decision was later nullified following Ronaldinho's transfer to Milan, who in turn permitted him to make the trip to Beijing, China. Ronaldinho captained the team, and he scored his only two goals in a 5–0 victory over New Zealand before Brazil were beaten by Argentina in the semi-final. Brazil finished with the bronze medal after defeating Belgium 3–0 in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801229\",\n \"text\": \"scored in every match except the final, including a hat-trick in an 8–2 semi-final rout of Saudi Arabia. In the final, Brazil lost 4–3 to Mexico. Ronaldinho won the Golden Ball award for the best player in tournament as well as the Golden Boot award for the tournament top-scorer. In 2000, Ronaldinho participated in the Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, with the U23 team. Earlier that year, Ronaldinho led Brazil to win the Pre-Olympic Tournament, scoring nine goals in seven matches. In the Olympics, however, Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Cameroon, who later won the gold medal. Ronaldinho\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801189\",\n \"text\": \"signing Ronaldinho, but the move collapsed after he could not obtain a work permit because he was a non-EU player who had not played enough international matches. He considered playing on loan with Scottish Premier League side St Mirren, which never happened due to his involvement in a fake passport scandal in Brazil. In 2001, Ronaldinho signed a five-year contract with French club Paris Saint-Germain in a €5 million transfer. Upon his arrival in Paris, Ronaldinho was given the number 21 shirt and inserted into a lineup that included fellow Brazilian Aloísio, midfielder Jay-Jay Okocha and striker Nicolas Anelka. Ronaldinho\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801222\",\n \"text\": \"that makes me like Mexico even more and I feel right at home.\\\" Ronaldinho scored two penalties in consecutive matches, the second giving Querétaro the classification to the Liga MX playoffs. On 17 May 2015, Querétaro progressed to the semi-finals after defeating Veracruz 4–3 aggregate. In the second match, Ronaldinho scored a free kick with the help of the opponent's goalkeeper who made contact with the ball. In June 2015, Ronaldinho, now 35, announced his departure from the club and thanked the Mexican people and fans of Querétaro: \\\"I want to thank all the Mexican nation for all the days\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801195\",\n \"text\": \"and the team failed to capture the form that got them to the final as they bowed out 2–1 to Auxerre due to a last minute goal from Jean-Alain Boumsong. Despite Ronaldinho's performances, the club finished in a disappointing 11th-placed position. Following the season, Ronaldinho declared he wanted to leave the club after the capital club failed to qualify for any European competition. Newly elected FC Barcelona president Joan Laporta stated, \\\"I said we would lead Barça to the forefront of the footballing world, and for that to occur we had to sign one of these three players, David Beckham,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801190\",\n \"text\": \"made his league debut for the club on 4 August 2001, appearing as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Auxerre. Ronaldinho spent the majority of the first few months of the 2001–02 season alternated between the bench and starter's role. He scored his first goal for the club on 13 October in a 2–2 draw against Lyon, converting the equalizing penalty in the 79th minute after having come on ten minutes prior. After returning from the winter break, Ronaldinho went on a tear, scoring a goal in four consecutive matches to open the new campaign. He recorded impressive goals\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801218\",\n \"text\": \"The following year, Ronaldinho helped Atlético win the Campeonato Mineiro and led the club to its first title of the Copa Libertadores. Ronaldinho scored four goals and assisted on seven occasions during Atlético's dramatic title run, which included consecutive comebacks from 0–2 first leg defeats in both the semi-finals against Argentinian Newell's Old Boys and the finals against Club Olimpia from Paraguay. Both ties were determined in Atlético's favour after penalty shootouts. Although six years past his best, Ronaldinho's displays saw him voted the 2013 South American Footballer of the Year. At the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup held in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801233\",\n \"text\": \"a largely reserve squad. After falling short in 1999 and 2003, Ronaldinho was the captain of Brazil and led his team to its second ever Confederations Cup title in 2005. He converted a penalty kick in a 3–2 semi-final win against host Germany and was named Man of the Match in a 4–1 victory over archrival Argentina in the final on 29 June. Ronaldinho scored three goals in the tournament and is currently tied with Mexican forward Cuauhtémoc Blanco as the tournament's all-time scorer with nine goals. For the 2006 World Cup finals, Ronaldinho was part of Brazil's much-publicized \\\"magic\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801197\",\n \"text\": \"match that kicked off at five minutes past midnight. After receiving the ball from his goalkeeper inside his own half, Ronaldinho ran through midfield and dribbled past two Sevilla players before striking the ball from 30 yards which hammered off the underside of the crossbar and back up into the roof of the net. Ronaldinho suffered from injury during the first half of the campaign, and Barcelona slumped to 12th in the league standings midway through the season. Ronaldinho returned from injury and scored 15 goals in La Liga during the 2003–04 season, helping the team ultimately finish second in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801187\",\n \"text\": \"Maradona (from 1986), Romário (from 1994), and his two future international teammates Ronaldo and Rivaldo (which would form the attacking trio in Brazil's 2002 World Cup winning team). Ronaldinho is the father of a son, João, born on 25 February 2005 to Brazilian dancer Janaína Mendes and named after his late father. He gained Spanish citizenship in 2007. In March 2018 Ronaldinho joined the Brazilian Republican Party which has links to the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Ronaldinho endorsed presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 Brazilian presidential election. Ronaldinho's career began with the Grêmio youth squad. He\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801227\",\n \"text\": \"to win the FIFA U-17 World Championship, which was held in Egypt, in which his first goal was a penalty against Austria in the first group match, which Brazil won 7–0. Ronaldinho finished with two goals and was awarded the Bronze Ball award as Brazil scored a total of 21 goals while only conceding 2. 1999 was a busy year for Ronaldinho in terms of international play. First he appeared in the South American Youth Championship, where he scored three goals and helped the U20s to reach third place. Then he took part in that year's FIFA World Youth Championship\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801200\",\n \"text\": \"finish. With his contract expiring in 2008, Ronaldinho was offered an extension until 2014 that would have net him £85 million over nine years, but he turned it down. In September 2005, he signed a two-year extension that contained a minimum-fee release clause that allowed him to leave should a club make an offer to Barcelona of at least £85 million for him. By the end of the year 2005, Ronaldinho had started to accumulate a host of personal awards. He won the inaugural FIFPro World Player of the Year in September 2005, in addition to being included in the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801205\",\n \"text\": \"Team of the Year for the third consecutive time and was named the 2005–06 UEFA Club Footballer of the Year. He was named in the six man shortlist for the 2006 Laureus World Sportsman of the Year, and was selected in the FIFA World XI. On 25 November 2006, Ronaldinho scored his 50th career league goal against Villarreal, then scored a second time with a spectacular overhead bicycle kick; receiving Xavi’s cross, he flicked the ball up with his chest and spun 180 degrees to finish – Barcelona fans waved white handkerchiefs in admiration of the goal. Post match he\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801234\",\n \"text\": \"quartet\\\" of offensive players alongside Adriano, Ronaldo and Kaká, which was expected to provide the \\\"Joga Bonito\\\" style of play that was the focus of an extensive advertising campaign by Nike leading up to the tournament. However, deemed \\\"top heavy and unbalanced\\\", the team finished with only six goals in five games, with Ronaldinho himself going scoreless and finishing with only one assist (for Gilberto's goal in a 4–1 group stage victory over Japan), as he turned in his worst collective performance in his international career. Brazil endured a disappointing campaign that culminated in a 1–0 loss to France in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801220\",\n \"text\": \"their co-owner Prashant Agarwal, but eventually signed a two-year contract with Mexican club Querétaro on 5 September 2014. Ronaldinho made his debut for Querétaro in a 1–0 loss to Tigres UANL where he missed a penalty kick. In his next match, however, against Guadalajara, he had a much better game, setting up Camilo Sanvezzo to score as well as scoring himself from a penalty kick in a 4–1 win. On 30 October 2014, he scored a free kick against Atlas during an away match at the Estadio Jalisco. On 18 April 2015, Ronaldinho scored twice against Liga MX title-holders América\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801226\",\n \"text\": \"would take place three years after his last appearance for Fluminense. He retired as one of just seven players to have won the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League and the Ballon d'Or. Ronaldinho appeared at the closing ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow on 15 July, performing a few bars of the Russian folk song \\\"Kalinka\\\" (sung by opera singer Aida Garifullina) on an African drum. Ronaldinho is one of few Brazilian players to have played at every international age level. In 1997, he was part of the first Brazilian team\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801214\",\n \"text\": \"penalties in the domestic season to add to one botched kick the previous season. Ronaldinho ended the Serie A campaign scoring two goals against Juventus; Luca Antonini opened the scoring and Milan went on to win 3–0 in Leonardo's last game in charge. After being heavily linked with a move back to his childhood club Grêmio, Ronaldinho joined Flamengo on 11 January 2011 with a contract ending in 2014. During the transfer saga, many reports had linked the former World Player of the Year to joining different clubs, such as LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer, Blackburn Rovers of the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801207\",\n \"text\": \"on 13 March due to an injury he had picked up several days earlier in Barcelona's 3–3 \\\"El Clásico\\\" draw with Real Madrid. Although Ronaldinho scored his career-best 21 league goals, the team lost the title to Real with a worse head-to-head record, as both teams finished the season with the same number of points. Ronaldinho played his 200th career match for Barcelona in a league match against Osasuna on 3 February 2008. His 2007–08 campaign as a whole, however, was plagued by injuries, and a muscle tear in his right leg on 3 April prematurely ended his season. Having\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801191\",\n \"text\": \"against Monaco, Rennes, Lens and Lorient. On 16 March 2002, he recorded a double in PSG's 3–1 victory against relegation strugglers Troyes. He scored his final league goal of the season in the club's 2–0 win over Metz on 27 April. Ronaldinho was also influential in the 2001–02 Coupe de la Ligue, helping PSG reach the semi-finals where they were eliminated by Bordeaux. In a Round of 16 match against Guingamp, Ronaldinho scored two second half goals in the game after having entered the match as a half-time substitute. Despite Ronaldinho's initial success with the club, the season was marred\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801235\",\n \"text\": \"the quarter-finals, during which the \\\"Seleção\\\" had only one shot on goal. The team was harshly criticized by Brazilian fans and media following their return home. On 3 July, two days after Brazil's elimination, vandals immolated and destroyed a 23-foot (7.5-metre) tall fiberglass and resin statue of Ronaldinho in Chapecó. The statue had been erected in 2004 to celebrate his first FIFA World Player of the Year award. That same day, Ronaldinho, joined by Adriano, returned to the city of Barcelona and held a party at his home, which was continued into the early morning hours at a nightclub. This\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801221\",\n \"text\": \"in an away game at the Estadio Azteca, in which his team won 4–0. All of the spectators, mostly consisting of América supporters, gave a standing ovation to Ronaldinho after his goals had brought him to tears. This was the second time in Ronaldinho's career he had received such an ovation from opposing fans (after Madrid fans had applauded his performance in a Barcelona shirt in 2005), and after the match, Ronaldinho stated in an interview, \\\"It is an emotion to live more. I had an ovation at the Bernabéu and now here. I never imagined this. It is something\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801181\",\n \"text\": \"was instrumental in Barcelona winning the UEFA Champions League, their first in fourteen years, as well as another La Liga title, giving Ronaldinho his first career double. After scoring two spectacular solo goals in \\\"El Clásico\\\", Ronaldinho became the second Barcelona player, after Diego Maradona in 1983, to receive a standing ovation from Real Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernabéu. Ronaldinho also received his second FIFA World Player of the Year award, as well as the Ballon d'Or. Following a second-place La Liga finish to rivals Real Madrid in the 2006–07 season and an injury plagued 2007–08 season, Ronaldinho departed\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801246\",\n \"text\": \"was the tragic death of his father at such a young age that may have seen Ronaldinho stop making the sacrifices needed to remain at the summit of the sport, with the attitude of \\\"life is short and can end unexpectedly–so enjoy it while you can.\\\" Ronaldinho has had endorsements with many companies, including Nike, Pepsi, Coca-Cola, EA Sports, Gatorade and Danone. One of the world's highest paid players, in 2006 he earned over $19 million from endorsements. Having endorsed Pepsi for much of his career and appeared in commercials with David Beckham, Thierry Henry and Lionel Messi, Ronaldinho signed\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801211\",\n \"text\": \"6 November. Ronaldinho finished the 2008–09 season at Milan with 10 goals from 32 appearances in all competitions. After a good start to the season, Ronaldinho struggled with fitness, and was often played from the bench to end a disappointing first season for Milan. A perceived lack of dedication in training and a lifestyle of late night partying not befitting of an athlete saw him receive criticism, with Carlo Ancelotti, his coach at Milan in his first season in Italy, commenting, \\\"The decline of Ronaldinho hasn't surprised me. His physical condition has always been very precarious. His talent though has\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801204\",\n \"text\": \"Barcelona had clinched their second-straight La Liga title with a 1–0 win over Celta de Vigo, giving Ronaldinho his first career double. Throughout the season, Ronaldinho linked up with prolific Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto'o in attack, providing a number of assists to the 34 goal striker; Ronaldinho's pass also put Eto'o through on goal in the Champions League Final from which he was brought down by Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann who was sent off. Ronaldinho finished the season with a career-best 26 goals, including seventeen in La Liga and seven in the Champions League, and was chosen for the UEFA\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801183\",\n \"text\": \"of the world's greatest living players compiled by Pelé. At international level, Ronaldinho played 97 matches for the Brazil national team, scoring 33 goals and representing his country in two FIFA World Cups. He was an integral part of the 2002 FIFA World Cup-winning team in Korea and Japan, starring alongside Ronaldo and Rivaldo in an attacking trio, scoring two goals, including a free-kick from 40 yards out against England, registering two assists and being named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team. As captain, he led Brazil to their second Confederations Cup title in 2005 and was named Man\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801213\",\n \"text\": \"kick, scored with a header from a corner and finished with a strike into the top right corner from 20 yards out. The \\\"Estado De São Paulo\\\" newspaper declared, \\\"Ronaldinho revives his golden years.\\\" On 16 February, Ronaldinho played against Manchester United in the Champions League. He scored early in the game at the San Siro to give Milan the lead. Milan ended up losing the game 3–2, with a goal from Paul Scholes and two goals from Wayne Rooney. Ronaldinho finished the season as the assists leader of Serie A. On a less positive note, however, he missed three\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801231\",\n \"text\": \"Ronaldinho's World Cup career took place in the quarter-final against England on 21 June. With Brazil trailing after Michael Owen's 23-minute strike, Ronaldinho turned the game around. Having received the ball inside his own half, Ronaldinho ran at the England defence and wrong footed star defender Ashley Cole with a trademark step over before passing the ball to Rivaldo on the edge of the penalty area to score the equalising goal just before half-time. Then, in the 50th minute, Ronaldinho took a free-kick from 40 yards out which curled into the top left corner of the net, completely surprising England's\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801188\",\n \"text\": \"made his senior side debut during the 1998 Copa Libertadores. 1999 saw the emergence of the 18-year-old Ronaldinho, with 23 goals in 48 matches, and he put in headlining displays in derbies against Internacional, most notably on 20 June 1999 in the Rio Grande do Sul State Championship final. In a match-winning performance, Ronaldinho embarrassed Internacional's Brazilian legend and 1994 World Cup-winning captain Dunga, flicking the ball over his head on one occasion, and leaving him flat-footed in a mazy dribble on another. Ronaldinho achieved further success with Grêmio, winning the inaugural Copa Sul-Minas. In 2001, Arsenal expressed interest in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801239\",\n \"text\": \"the bronze medal match. Despite having returned to good form and being named as a member of the 30-man provisional squad that was submitted to FIFA on 11 May 2010, he was not named in coach Dunga's final squad of 23 for the Brazilian squad in South Africa for the 2010 World Cup despite his deep desire to participate in the competition. Critics claimed that the exclusion of players such as Ronaldinho, Alexandre Pato, Adriano and Ronaldo signaled a move away from the classic Brazilian attacking \\\"Jogo Bonito\\\" style of play. At the tournament, Brazil was eliminated by the Netherlands\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663178\",\n \"text\": \"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \\\"What Does The Bee Do?\\\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \\\"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" rated the episode an \\\"A-\\\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801198\",\n \"text\": \"the league. His scooped pass set up the winning goal for Xavi away to Real Madrid on 25 April 2004, the club's first win at the Bernabéu in seven years, a result Xavi credits as the start of \\\"the Barcelona rise.\\\" Ronaldinho won his first league title in 2004–05, and was named FIFA World Player of the Year on 20 December 2004. His captain at Barcelona, Carles Puyol, stated, \\\"The greatest compliment I could give him is that he's given Barcelona our spirit back. He has made us smile again.\\\" His fame was growing with his entertaining and productive play\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801199\",\n \"text\": \"in both the La Liga and the UEFA Champions League. On 8 March 2005, Barcelona were eliminated from the latter competition by Chelsea in the first knockout round, losing 5–4 over two legs. Ronaldinho scored both goals in the 4–2 second leg loss at Stamford Bridge in London, the second a spectacular strike where he feinted to shoot before striking the ball with no back-lift past Chelsea goalkeeper Petr Čech from 20 yards out. On 1 May 2005, Ronaldinho made the assist for Lionel Messi's first goal for Barcelona, executing a scooped pass over the Albacete defence for Messi to\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801184\",\n \"text\": \"of the Match in the final. Ronaldinho scored three goals in the tournament, taking his total to nine, making him the competition's joint all-time leading goalscorer. Ronaldo de Assis Moreira was born 21 March 1980 in the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. His mother, Dona Miguelina Elói Assis dos Santos (daughter of Enviro Assis), is a former salesperson who studied to become a nurse. His father, João de Assis Moreira, was a shipyard worker and footballer for local club Esporte Clube Cruzeiro (not to be confused with the larger Cruzeiro Esporte Clube).\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801201\",\n \"text\": \"2005 FIFPro World XI, and being named the 2005 European Footballer of the Year. Also that year, Ronaldinho was voted the FIFA World Player of the Year for the second consecutive year. He became only the third player to win the award more than once, after three-time winners Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane. His domination as the world's best footballer was undisputed as he also won the prestigious Ballon d'Or for the only time in his career. On 19 November, Ronaldinho scored twice as Barcelona defeated Real Madrid 3–0 on the road in the first leg of \\\"El Clásico\\\". After he\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801212\",\n \"text\": \"never been in question.\\\" Ronaldinho's second season did not begin on a high note, but he soon rediscovered his form and was arguably Milan's best player of the season. Newly appointed coach Leonardo changed his role from a central attacking midfielder to the left side of midfield, with Alexandre Pato on the right, in an offensive 4–3–3 formation. On 10 January 2010, Ronaldinho scored two goals against Juventus in an away match, sealing a 3–0 victory for the \\\"Rossoneri\\\". In the following match, against Siena on 17 January, Ronaldinho scored his first hat-trick for Milan when he converted a penalty\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801247\",\n \"text\": \"a deal with Coca-Cola in 2011, however this was terminated in July 2012 after he was caught drinking Pepsi in a news conference. Ronaldinho has featured in EA Sports' \\\"FIFA\\\" video game series, appearing on the cover of \\\"FIFA Football 2004\\\", \\\"FIFA 06\\\", \\\"FIFA 07\\\", \\\"FIFA 08\\\" and \\\"FIFA 09\\\". At the beginning of his career Ronaldinho signed a lucrative 10-year deal with sportswear company Nike (wearing Nike Tiempo R10 boots designed for him). He has appeared in Nike commercials, including the 2002 \\\"Secret Tournament\\\" commercial (branded \\\"Scopion KO\\\") directed by Terry Gilliam. His 2005 Nike advertisement, where he is\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801245\",\n \"text\": \"a rare case of an assist man who can provide the ball from anywhere.\\\" In spite of his performances at his peak, a period of dedication and focus which saw him twice named the FIFA World Player of the Year and receive the Ballon d'Or, Ronaldinho was also criticised on occasion in the media for his lack of discipline in training, as well as his hedonistic lifestyle off the pitch, which some pundits believed had an impact on the overall longevity of his career. Referring to Ronaldinho as \\\"Brazil's childlike genius who never grew up\\\", Tim Vickery writes that it\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801243\",\n \"text\": \"penalty area, and was also a free-kick and penalty kick specialist. Throughout his career, Ronaldinho was praised in particular for his technical skills and creativity; due to his pace, acceleration, agility, balance, ball control, and dribbling ability, he was capable of beating players when undertaking individual runs, often using feints in one on one situations. Among his repertoire of moves, Ronaldinho was one of the best exponents of the \\\"elastico\\\", a move he learned by watching videos of one of his idols, the 1970s Brazilian star Rivelino. In parts of Africa, especially Nigeria, this move is called 'The Gaúcho', after\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801224\",\n \"text\": \"a meeting. He respectfully told us he didn't feel he was able to perform as good as he wanted and that it was a bad situation for him. He made a great gesture in saying he wasn't being the player he felt he could be right now. I'll never speak about whether or not he is retiring. That's not something you say about a player of his calibre. He was always spectacular, as player and person.\\\" In July 2016 Ronaldinho played for the \\\"Goa 5′s\\\", a futsal team from Goa in India, together with Ryan Giggs, Paul Scholes, Míchel Salgado,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801203\",\n \"text\": \"16 for a rematch of the previous year. Ronaldinho scored a decisive goal in the second leg, going past three Chelsea defenders on the edge of the penalty area before beating the goalkeeper, sealing Barcelona's qualification to the next round. He also contributed one goal in Barcelona's elimination of Benfica in the quarter-finals with a 2–0 home victory. After a 1–0 semifinal aggregate win over Milan, in which Ronaldinho assisted the series' only goal by Ludovic Giuly, Barcelona progressed to the Champions League Final, which they won on 17 May 2006 with a 2–1 defeat of Arsenal. Two weeks earlier,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801240\",\n \"text\": \"in the quarter-final. In September 2011, Ronaldinho made his return to the national team under coach Mano Menezes in a friendly against Ghana at Fulham's Craven Cottage, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 win for Brazil. He then had solid performances in back to back friendlies against Argentina in the same month. In October, he performed well against Mexico in a friendly, scoring a free kick to equalize after Dani Alves was sent off. Brazil went on to win the match with a goal from Marcelo. Ronaldinho's good form continued in 2013, and in January he was unexpectedly\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801248\",\n \"text\": \"given a new pair of boots and then proceeds to juggle a football and appears to repeatedly volley it against the crossbar of a goal and recover it without the ball touching the ground, went viral on YouTube, becoming the site's first video to reach one million views. A 2010 Nike commercial, Write the Future directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu, features him executing a number of stepovers, which becomes a viral video re-enacted and shared millions of times. A wax sculpture of Ronaldinho was unveiled at Madame Tussauds Hong Kong in December 2007. Ronaldinho has had an official role with\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801244\",\n \"text\": \"Ronaldinho, due to his role in popularising the use of this particular skill. ESPN described Ronaldinho as being \\\"skillful by nature, his tricks are unparalleled and he is wonderful with the ball at his feet. One of the coolest players in pressure situations\\\" and a \\\"fast, brash, skilful, tricky, an uninhibited playmaker\\\" who provides \\\"a mix of goals, assists, skills and a large repertoire of crafty moves\\\". Former Portugal midfield playmaker Rui Costa has said of his vision and passing ability: \\\"There are not many players who can offer goalscoring passes like he can. He is just marvellous. He is\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801236\",\n \"text\": \"aggravated the hard feelings of many Brazilian fans, who believed that they were betrayed by the lack of effort from the squad. Displaying a passivity to Brazil's poor showing, the 2006 World Cup is now seen as the turning point in Ronaldinho's career, with his time at the summit of the game almost up. 1970 Brazil World Cup winner Tostão wrote in \\\"O Tempo\\\": \\\"Ronaldinho lacks an important characteristic of Maradona and Pelé — aggression. They transformed themselves in adversity. They became possessed, and furious.\\\" On 24 March 2007, Ronaldinho scored twice in a 4–0 win over Chile, which marked\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801230\",\n \"text\": \"appeared four times and scored only one goal, which came in the quarter-final defeat by Cameroon. Ronaldinho participated in his first World Cup in 2002, as part of a formidable offensive unit with Ronaldo and Rivaldo, dubbed the \\\"Three Rs\\\", who were also on the 1999 Copa América winning squad. The World Cup was held in Korea and Japan, and Ronaldinho appeared in five matches during the tournament and scored two goals, as well as contributing several important assists. His first goal came in the group stage match against China PR, which Brazil won 4–0. The most memorable match in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801225\",\n \"text\": \"and Hernán Crespo as well as futsal player Falcão in the Premier Futsal League. After two games he left India to be an ambassador of the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. He was replaced by Cafu. From September to early October 2017 Ronaldinho joined the \\\"Delhi Dragons\\\" from Delhi in the Premier Futsal League. He scored 16 goals in eight games. On 16 January 2018, Ronaldinho confirmed his retirement from football through his brother/agent: \\\"He has stopped, it is ended. Let's do something pretty big and nice after the Russia World Cup, probably in August.\\\" Such a celebration\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19095970\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song) \\\"What Does It Take\\\" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP \\\"Dinner and a Movie\\\". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980607\",\n \"text\": \"sitcom\\\". Writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \\\"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \\\"What Does The K Stand For?\\\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \\\"Everybody Hates Chris\\\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\\\". However, he added, \\\"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15817517\",\n \"text\": \"Players) and the United Kingdom. It is popular with amateur theatre groups and secondary school students, having been in the senior English syllabi for four Australian states for many years. In 2007, \\\"The Club\\\" was re-produced and toured throughout Australia, starring John Wood. The club pays a high price for Tasmanian recruit, Geoff Hayward. Geoff does not play well initially, infuriating the dedicated coach, Laurie Holden (Thompson). With the club playing so badly, Laurie's coaching days look to be over soon. Club president Ted Parker is forced to resign following an assault on a stripper. The incident could have been\",\n \"title\": \"The Club (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544505\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"YouTube Rewind: What Does 2013 Say?\\\", a homage paid by YouTube to the year's top videos. The song has been featured for multiple times on television. It was used in an advertisement for the Fox Network featuring clips of FOX programs and actors singing the song. On 28 October, four contestants on the seventeenth season of \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\" performed the song for the \\\"Team Dance\\\" week under the team name \\\"Foxing Awesome\\\", scoring a perfect 30. NBC's \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" cast-member Jay Pharoah and host Kerry Washington appeared in a parody video of the song titled \\\"My Girl\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20171704\",\n \"text\": \"Team Essex Volleyball Club Team Essex VC is a volleyball team based in Chelmsford, Great Britain since 2013. The club consists of two men's teams and a women's team that play in Volleyball England's English National Volleyball League. The Men's 1st team play in Volleyball England's Super League, Englands top division. The Men's 2nd team play in Division 2. The Women's 1st team play in Division 1. The club was set up in 2013 by James Bernardi, Paul French and Steven Rosser. The men and women's teams are conglomerates, the men formed through the partnership of Brentwood VC, Chelmsford VC\",\n \"title\": \"Team Essex Volleyball Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810766\",\n \"text\": \"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \\\"What Kate Does\\\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \\\"generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13197575\",\n \"text\": \"and the gravitational attraction of a creature in a distant galaxy can change the fate of the solar system.\\\" The title of the book is a reference to a famous quote by Albert Einstein. Does God Play Dice? Does God Play Dice: The New Mathematics of Chaos is a non-fiction book about chaos theory written by British mathematician Ian Stewart. The book was initially published by Blackwell Publishing in 1989. In this book, Stewart explains chaos theory to an audience presumably unfamiliar with it. As the book progresses the writing changes from simple explanations of chaos theory to in-depth, rigorous\",\n \"title\": \"Does God Play Dice?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13197573\",\n \"text\": \"Does God Play Dice? Does God Play Dice: The New Mathematics of Chaos is a non-fiction book about chaos theory written by British mathematician Ian Stewart. The book was initially published by Blackwell Publishing in 1989. In this book, Stewart explains chaos theory to an audience presumably unfamiliar with it. As the book progresses the writing changes from simple explanations of chaos theory to in-depth, rigorous mathematical study. Stewart covers mathematical concepts such as differential equations, resonance, nonlinear dynamics, and probability. The book is illustrated with diagrams and graphs of mathematical concepts and equations when applicable. The back of the\",\n \"title\": \"Does God Play Dice?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8714685\",\n \"text\": \"Live: You Get What You Play For Live: You Get What You Play For is a live album by rock band REO Speedwagon, released as a double-LP in 1977 (and years later as a single CD omitting \\\"Gary's Guitar Solo\\\" and \\\"Little Queenie\\\"). It was recorded at Memorial Hall in Kansas City, Kansas, the Convention Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, Kiel Auditorium in Saint Louis, Missouri and Alex Cooley's Electric Ballroom in Atlanta, Georgia. It peaked at number #72 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1977. The song \\\"Ridin' the Storm Out\\\" reached #94 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. The album\",\n \"title\": \"Live: You Get What You Play For\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801180\",\n \"text\": \"awards and a Ballon d'Or. He was renowned for his technical skills and creativity; due to his agility, pace and dribbling ability, as well as his use of tricks, feints, overhead kicks, no-look passes and accuracy from free-kicks. Ronaldinho made his career debut for Grêmio, in 1998. At age 20, he moved to Paris Saint-Germain in France before signing for Barcelona in 2003. In his second season with Barcelona, he won his first FIFA World Player of the Year award, as Barcelona won La Liga. The season that followed is considered one of the best in his career as he\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050854\",\n \"text\": \"lyrics of the Beatles song \\\"She Said, She Said\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \\\"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\\\" \\\"Trouser Press\\\" called it \\\"even better\\\" than \\\"Script of the Bridge\\\", \\\"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306941\",\n \"text\": \"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801232\",\n \"text\": \"goalkeeper David Seaman, giving Brazil a 2–1 lead. Seven minutes later, however, he was controversially sent-off for a foul on England's defender Danny Mills. Ronaldinho was suspended for the semi-final, but returned to Brazil's starting lineup for the 2–0 victory over Germany in the final as Brazil won its record fifth World Cup title. Ronaldinho's next international tournament was the 2003 Confederations Cup, in which he went scoreless as Brazil were eliminated in the group stage. The following year, he was dropped from Brazil's 2004 Copa América squad, as coach Carlos Alberto Parreira decided to rest his stars and used\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801210\",\n \"text\": \"to join Italian Serie A giants A.C. Milan on a three-year contract thought to be worth around £5.1 million (€6.5 million) a year, for €22.05 million plus €1.05 million bonus each season (€24.15 million in 2010). With the number 10 already occupied by teammate Clarence Seedorf, he selected 80 as his jersey number. Ronaldinho scored his first goal for Milan in a 1–0 derby victory over rival Internazionale on 28 September 2008. His first brace was in a 3–0 win over Sampdoria on 19 October 2008. He scored a 93rd-minute match-winner against Braga in the UEFA Cup group stage on\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703477\",\n \"text\": \"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \\\"does exactly what it says on the tube\\\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \\\"What It Says on the Tin\\\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801237\",\n \"text\": \"his first goal since the 2005 Confederations Cup final and thus ended a scoreless streak that lasted nearly two years. He was not called up for the 2007 Copa América after asking to be excused from the tournament due to fatigue. On 18 October, he was controversially benched by Barcelona after he was late returning to Spain following Brazil's 5–0 friendly win over Ecuador. He and several Brazil players celebrated the win by partying through the night at a posh Rio de Janeiro nightclub. Ronaldinho left at 11 am the next morning, allegedly in the trunk of a car in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2801202\",\n \"text\": \"sealed the match with his second goal, Madrid fans paid homage to his performance by applauding, so rare a tribute only Diego Maradona had ever been granted previously as a Barcelona player at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. Ronaldinho stated, \\\"I will never forget this because it is very rare for any footballer to be applauded in this way by the opposition fans.\\\" The season is considered one of the best in Ronaldinho's career as he was an instrumental part of Barcelona's first Champions League title in 14 years. After winning their group convincingly, Barcelona faced Chelsea in the round of\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldinho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810777\",\n \"text\": \"that it by no means compared to \\\"LA X\\\", but stated that it \\\"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\\\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \\\"freakin' outstanding\\\" and called \\\"What Kate Does\\\" \\\"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810770\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\\\" Whitney Matheson of \\\"USA Today\\\" said that she \\\"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\\\" after watching \\\"What Kate Does\\\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \\\"one of Josh\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306939\",\n \"text\": \"What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites featuring books, movies and music followed. The site was launched in 2007 by two former Ziff Davis members Ira Becker, executive vice-president of the Game Group, and ex-1UP.com writer and Senior vice-president of the Game Group John Davison. Davison announced his departure from Ziff in August 2007, with Becker's announcement soon following. The two\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["clube atlético mineiro"],"string":"[\n \"clube atlético mineiro\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1196,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which countries share borders with spain?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"19327215","text":"Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make the border with Morocco, which is 19 km long. The borders of Ceuta and Melilla, are \"de facto\", because between them and Morocco there is no man's land. The only real border would be the 27 meters long one in the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera. The Spain–Gibraltar border is 1.2 km long and connects the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar and the Spanish municipality of La Línea de la Concepción. Borders of Spain Spain has 1953 kilometers of borders, with 5 different countries. The Spain-Portugal border, commonly known as \"La Raya\",","title":"Borders of Spain"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19327215\",\n \"text\": \"Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make the border with Morocco, which is 19 km long. The borders of Ceuta and Melilla, are \\\"de facto\\\", because between them and Morocco there is no man's land. The only real border would be the 27 meters long one in the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera. The Spain–Gibraltar border is 1.2 km long and connects the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar and the Spanish municipality of La Línea de la Concepción. Borders of Spain Spain has 1953 kilometers of borders, with 5 different countries. The Spain-Portugal border, commonly known as \\\"La Raya\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Spain\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9952213","text":"use and the controls are no longer allowed by the Schengen agreement. with Germany with the Chech Republic with Slovakia with Lithuania Historically, Poland also had borders (and border crossings) with former countries, or with countries that no longer share a common border with Poland: with Ukraine with Belarus with Russia Borders of Poland The \"'Borders of Poland\" are 3511 or 3582 kilometers long. The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian province of Kaliningrad Oblast to the northeast. To the","title":"Borders of Poland"},{"psg_id":"5012203","text":"the opportunity to share their knowledge with countries that can so greatly benefit from their efforts.\" Engineers Without Borders – USA Engineers Without Borders – USA (EWB–USA) is a non-profit humanitarian organization established to partner with developing communities worldwide in order to improve their quality of life. It is the U.S. national group representing the larger international Engineers Without Borders in the USA. This partnership involves the implementation of sustainable engineering projects, while involving and training internationally responsible engineers and engineering students. Engineers Without Borders – USA (EWB-USA) was born from a chance meeting of Bernard Amadei (a Professor of","title":"Engineers Without Borders – USA"},{"psg_id":"2126071","text":"or \"BNV\"; ) is the largest Valencian nationalist party in the Valencian Country, Spain. The Bloc's main aim is, as stated in their guidelines, \"to achieve full national sovereignty for the Valencian people, and make it legally declared by a Valencian sovereign Constitution allowing the possibility of association with the countries which share the same language, history and culture\". Since 2011, they are part of the Coalició Compromís coalition, which won six seats in the 2011 Valencian regional elections and 19 in the 2015 elections, becoming the third largest party in the regional parliament. Some of the most vocal defenders","title":"Catalan Countries"},{"psg_id":"11968142","text":"that between Russia and other countries comparable to Spain is measured in tens of billion euro. Spain's share in foreign direct investment to Russian economy remains insignificant, the largest investment (as at 2003), at 319 million US dollars, has been made by Segura Consulting. In December 2000 the relations were strained by Spain' refusal to extradite fugitive banker and media executive Vladimir Gusinsky. Gusinsky, arrested and released in Spain, emigrated to Israel in April 2001. During the most recent state visit of Russian president Dmitry Medvedev to Spain, in March 2009, two countries signed an energy agreement giving Spanish companies","title":"Russia–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"11918384","text":"Borders of Russia Russia has international borders with 16 sovereign states, including two with maritime boundaries (US, Japan), as well as with the partially recognized states of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. With a land border running in total, Russia has (after China), the second-longest land border of any country. Russia shares borders with more countries than any other state in the world. This includes two partially recognized countries, and two with aquatic boundaries (see below; in italics). Below is a list of subjects with both neighboring regions of Russia with them, and in the neighboring regions of foreign countries. Belgorod","title":"Borders of Russia"},{"psg_id":"3799221","text":"are quite common. The Chocolatería San Ginés in Madrid is especially famous as a place to stop and have some chocolate with churros, often late into the night (even dawn), after being out on the town. Often traditional Spanish singers and musicians will entertain the guests. As is true in many countries, the cuisines of Spain differ widely from one region to another, even though they all share certain common characteristics, which include: Bachillerato is usually taken if people aspire to go to college. Spain is a democratic parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The monarch is the head of state, and the","title":"Culture of Spain"},{"psg_id":"10280052","text":"half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%. Spain is also slightly desktop-minority. The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes \"India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet\" (of the","title":"Usage share of operating systems"},{"psg_id":"13610744","text":"Ministers. Nordic countries share certain traditions in music, many of which have diverged significantly. In folk music, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and the Faroe Islands share many common aspects. Greenland's Inuit culture has its own musical traditions, influenced by Scandinavian culture. Finland shares many cultural similarities with both the other Nordic countries as well as with the Baltic states, especially Estonia. The Sami have their own unique culture, with ties to the neighboring cultures. Art music has a strong position in Nordic countries. Apart from state-owned opera houses, there are symphony orchestras in most major cities. The most prominent historical","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"19834869","text":"Kazakhstan have been determined, but is still disputed with Iran and Turkmenistan. Borders of Azerbaijan The Borders of Azerbaijan define the land and maritime borders of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan has international land borders with 5 states. The neighboring countries are Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Iran to the south, Turkey to the west (via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the northwest) and Armenia to the west and via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the north and east. To the east, Azerbaijan is bordered by the Caspian Sea which is classified as the world's largest lake and","title":"Borders of Azerbaijan"},{"psg_id":"19834867","text":"Borders of Azerbaijan The Borders of Azerbaijan define the land and maritime borders of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan has international land borders with 5 states. The neighboring countries are Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Iran to the south, Turkey to the west (via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the northwest) and Armenia to the west and via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the north and east. To the east, Azerbaijan is bordered by the Caspian Sea which is classified as the world's largest lake and also as a closed sea. Additionally, in Armenia, there exist three Azerbaijani","title":"Borders of Azerbaijan"},{"psg_id":"19912266","text":"Borders of Finland The borders of Finland are the dividing lines between it and the neighbouring countries of Norway, Russia and Sweden. The border between Norway and Finland is 736 kilometers (457 mi) long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a stone cairn where both countries border Sweden. The eastern tripoint is marked by Treriksrøysa, a stone cairn where both countries border Russia. The border was defined in a 1751 treaty, which also defined the Swedish–Norwegian border. In the period 1738–1751 field investigations and negotiations took place on the","title":"Borders of Finland"},{"psg_id":"2853211","text":"EWB-I Bylaws. Engineers Without Borders International is not in any way affiliated with Doctors Without Borders, which is a registered trademark of Bureau International de Medecins Sans Frontieres. Engineers Without Borders International Engineers Without Borders International (EWB-I) is an association of individual Engineers Without Borders/Ingenieurs Sans Frontieres groups. EWB-I facilitates collaboration and the exchange of information among the member groups. EWB-I helps its member groups develop their capacity to assist underserved communities in their respective countries and around the world. EWB-I is a virtual organization with staff located in both the United States and South Africa. EWB-I is run by","title":"Engineers Without Borders International"},{"psg_id":"19336250","text":"flooded by Megget reservoir which was opened in September 1983. Yarrow, Scottish Borders Yarrow is a place and parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland and in the former county of Selkirkshire.The name \"Yarrow\" may derive from the Celtic word \"garw\" meaning \"rough\" or possibly share a derivation with the English name \"Jarrow\". The parish mainly corresponds with the river valley of Yarrow Water from its source in the west at St. Mary's Loch until its passes into the parish of Selkirk between Yarrowford and Broadmeadows, just upstream from Foulshiels. It has an area of 48,851 acres. It is","title":"Yarrow, Scottish Borders"},{"psg_id":"2842746","text":"Share taxi A share taxi (also called shared taxi) is a mode of transport which falls between a taxicab and a bus. These vehicles for hire are typically smaller than buses and usually take passengers on a fixed or semi-fixed route without timetables, but instead departing when all seats are filled. They may stop anywhere to pick up or drop off their passengers. Often found in developing countries, the vehicles used as share taxis range from four-seat cars to minibuses. They are often owner-operated. The UITP term \"informal transport\" includes share taxis. A given share taxi route may start and","title":"Share taxi"},{"psg_id":"10817371","text":"Borders of Israel The current borders of the State of Israel are the result both of war and of diplomatic agreements among Israel, her neighbors, and colonial powers. Uniquely, only two of Israel's five potential land borders are internationally recognized while the other three are disputed. Israel's borders with Egypt and Jordan have now been formally recognized and confirmed as part of the peace treaties with those countries. The borders with Syria (Golan Heights), Lebanon (Shebaa farms) and the Palestinian territories (declared as the State of Palestine) are still in dispute. According to the Green Line of the 1949 Armistice","title":"Borders of Israel"},{"psg_id":"19910129","text":"Astronomers Without Borders Astronomers Without Borders (AWB) is a U.S.-based organization founded by Mike Simmons and Anousheh Ansari, dedicated to spreading astronomy throughout the world, by getting people in developed countries to sponsor the purchase of equipment and training for people in developing countries. The group's aim is to create \"goodwill and understanding\" across all boundaries through the sharing of astronomy. The group was founded in 2007, and achieved official tax-free status in 2009, which was the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009). AWB sponsored several events that year, including The World At Night (TWAN) and the IYA2009's Global Cornerstone Project","title":"Astronomers Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"13809802","text":"Women Without Borders Women without Borders is an international advocacy and research organization for women. It is based in Vienna, Austria, and works with international partner organizations around the world. Dr. Edit Schlaffer founded WwB in 2002 with the goal of empowering women as agents of change. The Women without Borders Executive Board includes the Austrian artist Xenia Hausner. Women without Borders is largely funded by various Austrian Ministries, the Austrian Research Fund, the EU, and the US State Department. Since its inception, Women Without Borders has conducted a variety of projects in countries of crisis and transition, including Chennai","title":"Women Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"3691552","text":"Lawyers Without Borders Lawyers Without Borders (LWOB) is an international non-profit organization founded in 2000, which operates worldwide from its central headquarters located in New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. Its single affiliate: Lawyers Without Borders UK, was founded in 2003 and is headquartered in London having acquired UK charity status in June 2010. Lawyers from around the world are engaged as volunteers either individually or through their employers (usually either a law firm or an in-house department) who support LWOB as pro bono partners. To date, the countries which contribute the largest number of lawyer volunteers to LWOB field work are","title":"Lawyers Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"9857969","text":"on the country charts. \"I'll Share My World With You\" also features a rerecording of \"The Race Is On\" (with Tammy on background vocals), which had been a top five smash for Jones in 1964 on United Artists. \"I'll Share My World With You\" would reach number 5 on the country albums chart. Album – Billboard (North America) I'll Share My World with You I'll Share My World with You is an album by American country music artist George Jones. This album was released in 1969 (see 1969 in country music) on the Musicor Records label. Tammy Wynette, who married","title":"I'll Share My World with You"},{"psg_id":"16973775","text":"(MUHAS) and Muhimbili Hospital in 2010 and 2011 to research needs of the school and university. Radiologists without Borders arranged for training of medical personnel which took place at Lourdes Hospital in Binghamton, New York, has donated 2 mammography machines, and textbooks and computers for the school. Radiologists Without Borders Radiologists without Borders is a 401(c)(3) non-profit organization that delivers humanitarian aid to developing countries, in the form of radiological services and equipment. Radiologists without Borders was founded in 2008, by New York-based radiologist Tariq Gill. The organization is composed entirely of volunteers, and its mission statement is \"to bring","title":"Radiologists Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"7158571","text":"of 142 times in concert version in the following countries: Norway, Canada, USA, the Netherlands, England, Spain, Finland, Sweden and Denmark. The total attendance figure is approx. 276,000. Total record sales are in excess of 110,000 units. Licensed productions have been staged in several European countries. Which Witch Which Witch is a musical written by Norwegian singers/composers Benedicte Adrian and Ingrid Bjørnov. The storyline for \"Which Witch\" was derived from the witch finder's manual \"Malleus Maleficarum\", and the original script was written by Adrian and Bjørnov's manager Ole A. Sørli. The lyrics of the early concert versions were written by","title":"Which Witch"},{"psg_id":"20262515","text":"Borders of India India shares international land borders with six sovereign countries. Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of 12 nautical mile territorial sea and 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone, has more than 7000 km maritime border shared with 7 nations. The map of ICP and LCS. India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of","title":"Borders of India"},{"psg_id":"904636","text":"been closed. Holiday sales figures for 2009 were \"disappointing\", with total sales of $846.8 million, down 14.7% from the previous year. Employees reported that major cuts were made in payroll hours. On January 26, 2010, CEO Ron Marshall resigned to become president and CEO of The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. (A&P). Following his announcement, Borders stock fell below one dollar per share. During his tenure at Borders, all of the top executive officers resigned (or were encouraged to leave), including some who had been with the company for over 20 years. Mike Edwards (vice president and chief merchandising","title":"Borders Group"},{"psg_id":"904637","text":"officer) was appointed interim CEO. On March 31, 2010, Borders announced that the loan from Pershing Square had been paid in full. In early April, the company's stock had rebounded to $2.78 per share. On May 21, 2010, it was revealed that Bennett S. LeBow, chairman of Vector Group, was making a large private investment in Borders stock. As a result, Howard Lorber, president and CEO of Vector Group, and he joined the board of directors. Following the resignation of Chairman Mick McGuire, LeBow was elected chairman of the board. On June 3, LeBow became CEO of Borders Group. Mike","title":"Borders Group"},{"psg_id":"18763154","text":"Basketball Without Borders Basketball Without Borders is a basketball instructional camp organised by the NBA in conjunction with FIBA, it presents itself as a “basketball development and community outreach program that unites young basketball players to promote the sport and encourage positive social change in the areas of education, health, and wellness”. Organised annually since 2001, 41 BWB camps have been held across 23 cities in 20 countries with in excess of 2,300 participants from more than 120 countries and territories, 33 of whom were later drafted into the NBA. Around 150 different current and former NBA/WNBA players have joined","title":"Basketball Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"12626724","text":"Republicans had lost the war, this helped improve the relationship between the two countries after the death of Franco. Mexico and Spain re-established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1977. Since re-establishing diplomatic relations, both nations share close and warm diplomatic relations. On several occasions, both countries had supported each other diplomatically and there have been several high level visits and meetings between both governments including with the Spanish Royal Family. Soon after re-establishing diplomatic relations 1977; Spanish President Adolfo Suárez paid an official visit to Mexico, the first ever by a Spanish head of government. That same year, in October","title":"Mexico–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"12980052","text":"Israel–Spain relations Israel and Spain have maintained diplomatic ties since 1986. Israel has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Tel Aviv, an honorary consulate in Haifa and a General Consulate in Jerusalem, which is regarded as diplomatic missions to the city of Jerusalem (including both West and East Jerusalem), Gaza and the territories of the West Bank. In additions to both countries being member states of the United Nations, both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean. The two countries are also involved with various programmes and agreements through the European Union, of which Spain","title":"Israel–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"7864182","text":"Braille Without Borders Braille Without Borders (BWB) is an international organisation for the blind in developing countries. It was founded in Lhasa, Tibet by Sabriye Tenberken and Paul Kronenberg in 1998. BWB's mission is to give hope and practical skills to the blind and in particular to teach Braille to the blind in developing countries; if no Braille script exists for a particular language in a developing country, BWB must first develop it. Formerly known as the Project for the Blind, Tibet in September 2002 the project adopted the name \"Braille Without Borders\". In August 2017 it was made public","title":"Braille Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"13496915","text":"its catch share programs in the 21st century. In 2010, catch shares were implemented in the United States Northeast Multispecies fishery and in the United States Atlantic Sea Scallop fishery. In 2011, a catch share program was implemented in the Pacific Coast Groundfish Limited Entry Trawl fishery, which includes fishermen from the states of Washington, Oregon, and California. Worldwide, there are nearly 200 catch share programs, used in 40 countries, to manage a wide variety of marine and freshwater species including finfish, sharks and crustaceans. Catch shares are used in developing and industrialized nations, artisanal and industrial fleets, and in","title":"Catch share"},{"psg_id":"9113050","text":"does not insist on) a convergence period, during which the richer countries would receive higher per capita emissions allowances than poorer countries. Cap and Share says people in rich countries should get the same emissions entitlement as those in poor countries from the start, but suggests that in the early years of the system, a portion of everyone's emissions entitlement should be held back and distributed to governments of countries which were facing exceptional difficulties in adapting to climate change or to low levels of fossil energy use. The governments involved would sell their certificates to raise money for remedial","title":"Cap and Share"},{"psg_id":"13610690","text":"a bowl-formed highland. Despite their northern location, the Nordic countries generally have a mild climate compared with other countries that share globally the same latitudes. The climate in the Nordic countries is mainly influenced by their northern location, but remedied by the vicinity to the ocean and the Gulf Stream which brings warm ocean currents from the tip of Florida. Even far to the north, the winters can be quite mild, though north of the Polar Circle the climate zone is Arctic with harsh winters and short summers. The sea has a heavy influence on the weather in the western","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"19359131","text":"Borders of Denmark Denmark has existed with its current borders since 1921. The only land border of Denmark is that with Germany, with a length of 68 km. The border along the territorial waters (12 nautical miles zone) with Sweden runs along the Øresund for a length of about 115 km. The exclusive economic zone (EEZ, 200 nautical miles zone) of Denmark borders those of Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Canada. Sweden and Denmark–Norway became separate= countries with the breakup of the Kalmar Union in 1523. Until 1658, the historic provinces of Skåne, Blekinge","title":"Borders of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"16973774","text":"Radiologists Without Borders Radiologists without Borders is a 401(c)(3) non-profit organization that delivers humanitarian aid to developing countries, in the form of radiological services and equipment. Radiologists without Borders was founded in 2008, by New York-based radiologist Tariq Gill. The organization is composed entirely of volunteers, and its mission statement is \"to bring life saving diagnostic imaging solutions to medically underserved populations worldwide.\" Radiologists without Borders began work in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. They have provided an ultrasound to the City Hospital and provided training of medical personnel. The group worked with Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","title":"Radiologists Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"7628499","text":"an annual \"Pentecost Festival\" in London each May. Share Jesus International Share Jesus International (SJI) is a missionary agency aiming to share Jesus in different contexts and countries. It is a visionary, radical movement, founded by Methodist minister, Rev Rob Frost, which brings together a range of Christian denominations and mission agencies for corporate action in mission and evangelism. The Board of Share Jesus International includes leaders from the following agencies: Methodist Church, Scripture Union, Baptist Union of Great Britain, Youth for Christ, Ichthus Christian Fellowship, Church of England Board of Mission, The Salvation Army, Premier Christian Radio, Evangelical Alliance,","title":"Share Jesus International"},{"psg_id":"7628497","text":"Share Jesus International Share Jesus International (SJI) is a missionary agency aiming to share Jesus in different contexts and countries. It is a visionary, radical movement, founded by Methodist minister, Rev Rob Frost, which brings together a range of Christian denominations and mission agencies for corporate action in mission and evangelism. The Board of Share Jesus International includes leaders from the following agencies: Methodist Church, Scripture Union, Baptist Union of Great Britain, Youth for Christ, Ichthus Christian Fellowship, Church of England Board of Mission, The Salvation Army, Premier Christian Radio, Evangelical Alliance, Churches Together in England, and United Reformed Church.","title":"Share Jesus International"},{"psg_id":"13610696","text":"to the Minister for Nordic Cooperation and the Nordic Committee for Co-operation, which co-ordinates the day-to-day work. The autonomous territories have the same representation as states. The Nordic countries share an economic and social model, which involves the combination of a market economy with a welfare state financed with heavy taxes. The welfare states were largely developed by strong social democrat parties and in Finland with cooperation with the Agrarian League. Although the specifics differ between countries and there are ongoing political arguments, there is a strong consensus about keeping to the general concept. A central theme in the Nordic","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"18977687","text":"developed countries, whereas the incarceration rate of the US is 655 per 100,000 population of all ages, the incarceration rate of Canada is 114 per 100,000 (as of 2015), England and Wales is 146 per 100,000 (as of 2016), and Australia is 160 per 100,000 (as of 2016). Comparing other developed countries, the rate of Spain is 133 per 100,000 (as of 2016), Greece is 89 per 100,000 (as of 2016), Norway is 73 per 100,000 (as of 2016), Netherlands is 69 per 100,000 (as of 2014), and Japan is 48 per 100,000 (as of 2014). Comparing other countries with","title":"Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries"},{"psg_id":"12652423","text":"Serbia–Spain relations Serbian-Spanish relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Spain. Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1916. Serbia has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Belgrade. Both countries are member states of the United Nations, Interpol, Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Spain is member state of the European Union since 1986 and Serbia is a candidate country since 2012 negotiating its future membership which Spain is strongly supporting. Spain is member state of NATO alliance while Serbia is militarily neutral country with strong historical relations with the Non-Aligned","title":"Serbia–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"19336243","text":"Yarrow, Scottish Borders Yarrow is a place and parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland and in the former county of Selkirkshire.The name \"Yarrow\" may derive from the Celtic word \"garw\" meaning \"rough\" or possibly share a derivation with the English name \"Jarrow\". The parish mainly corresponds with the river valley of Yarrow Water from its source in the west at St. Mary's Loch until its passes into the parish of Selkirk between Yarrowford and Broadmeadows, just upstream from Foulshiels. It has an area of 48,851 acres. It is bordered on the west and north by the parishes of","title":"Yarrow, Scottish Borders"},{"psg_id":"15064253","text":"Radio Show in Nigeria. Teachers Without Borders received the Champions of African Education Award (2010) for its use of radio and local educational capacity building to disseminate information about the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. In 2018, TWB's membership has reached 177 countries. Teachers Without Borders membership is free and enables local educators the opportunity to connect with colleagues globally. Teachers Without Borders also received the Ahmadiyya Muslim Peace Prize for \"outstanding work in the promotion of peace through efforts to convene teachers from regions in conflict, provide unfettered access to courses and networks devoted to teacher professional development, and","title":"Teachers Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"13610742","text":"50 per cent in the same period. Denmark has the most museums, a total of 274, but museums in Åland and Iceland have the most visitors, an average of 4 and 5 visits per inhabitant. Many theatres in the Nordic countries receive public funding. Theatre funding constitutes a major share of allocations within the cultural area in all the countries. All countries have national theatres, where plays, ballets and operas are performed. In addition to the national theatres, there are professional regional theatres, which are also supported by the state, counties or municipalities. Most countries also have a few private","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"14612261","text":"2001 census. Like many such areas in Scotland, it also has more than its fair share of antisocial behaviour, with many incidents around the Kenilworth Avenue shops. However, its primary school has won praise for its teaching and attitude to various issues in the past. Other places nearby include Appletreehall, Burnhead, Burnhead Tower, Kirkton, and Galalaw. Burnfoot, Scottish Borders Burnfoot (, ) is a housing estate just east of the A7, in the northern part of Hawick, by the Boonraw Burn, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. Wilton Dean and Stirches were also villages surrounding Hawick. Burnfoot was built","title":"Burnfoot, Scottish Borders"},{"psg_id":"7304317","text":"as \"one of the most surprising, yet best-established facts in the whole range of economic statistics.\" However, the wage share has declined in most developed countries since the 1980s. The wage share can be defined in various ways, but empirically it is usually defined as total labor compensation or labor costs over nominal GDP or gross value added. Often the capital share and labor share are assumed to sum to 100%, so that each can be deduced from the other. For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the labor share in a given sector (\"LS\") as the ratio of","title":"Wage share"},{"psg_id":"11711349","text":"Subsequently, it was announced in March 2008 that Borders UK planned to close its distribution centre (based in Cornwall) on 29 August, in favour of having publishers and wholesalers deliver directly to its shops, this being exactly opposite to the decision of Waterstone's who planned to test and open their own distribution centre, colloquially referred to as 'The Hub', from the end of May. In July 2008, Borders launched an e-commerce website. In a bid to try to take back a share of internet sales of books, the beta testing of their new transactional website commenced, due for full completion","title":"Borders (UK)"},{"psg_id":"6721796","text":"area sometimes called \"Valley of Jálama/Xálima\", which includes the towns of San Martín de Trevejo (\"Sa Martin de Trevellu\"), Eljas (\"As Elhas\") and Valverde del Fresno (\"Valverdi du Fresnu\"), in the northwestern corner of Cáceres province, Extremadura. Portuguese proper is still spoken by local people in three border areas: In addition to the languages which continue to be spoken in Spain to the present day, other languages which have been spoken within what are now the borders of Spain include: Languages that are now chiefly spoken outside Spain but which have roots in Spain are: There are also variants of","title":"Languages of Spain"},{"psg_id":"16291970","text":"From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney From Spain With Love with Annie Sibonney is a Canadian reality television series, which aired on Food Network in Canada and the Cooking Channel in the United States. Produced by Shaftesbury Films, the series premiered in 2011. Hosted by Toronto-based broadcaster and culinary tour operator Annie Sibonney, the series profiles the cuisine of Spain. The series also aired on Food Network in Europe, LifeStyle Food in Australia, Asian Food Channel in Southeast Asia and Fox Life India. After the end of the program's run, Sibonney created the new series \"One Night Stand with","title":"From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney"},{"psg_id":"9857963","text":"I'll Share My World with You I'll Share My World with You is an album by American country music artist George Jones. This album was released in 1969 (see 1969 in country music) on the Musicor Records label. Tammy Wynette, who married Jones that year, is pictured on the cover. By 1969, Jones was becoming increasingly unhappy with the production of his albums on Musicor, for which he primarily blamed his longtime producer and mentor Pappy Daily. According to the Bob Allen biography \"George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend\", Jones was disappointed with the haphazard","title":"I'll Share My World with You"},{"psg_id":"13573976","text":"shine a light onto the gender inequality issues in the Engineering field. The programs have their challenges, such as lack of faculty interest and involvement. Engineers Without Borders has created a way to train engineering students in technical and nontechnical skills. The model of education that Engineers Without Borders uses is called service learning, which consists of students getting experience by building infrastructure in struggling 3rd world communities. This model builds on academic literature that claims engineering professions should focus on sustainability. One example of this model of teaching was the Engineering in Developing Countries (EDC) program at the University","title":"Engineers Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"14702714","text":"began in 1973 after both countries were still reeling from the aftermath of civil wars. Relations have gradually improved with official state visits between the two countries and various exchanges. Spain hosted Expo 2008 which China was a participant at, and China then hosted Expo 2010, where Spain had a pavilion. The volume of trade between the two countries has grown considerably in recent years. Total trade stood at $7.2 billion USD in 2004, and had increased to $22.7 billion by October 2008. As a consequence, China has become Spain's sixth largest trading partner. Recently, Spain held the rotating EU","title":"China–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"16291971","text":"Annie Sibonney\". From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney From Spain With Love with Annie Sibonney is a Canadian reality television series, which aired on Food Network in Canada and the Cooking Channel in the United States. Produced by Shaftesbury Films, the series premiered in 2011. Hosted by Toronto-based broadcaster and culinary tour operator Annie Sibonney, the series profiles the cuisine of Spain. The series also aired on Food Network in Europe, LifeStyle Food in Australia, Asian Food Channel in Southeast Asia and Fox Life India. After the end of the program's run, Sibonney created the new series \"One Night","title":"From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney"},{"psg_id":"19912276","text":"Haapasaari, Helsinki, Hanko, Åland, Saimaa Canal. Border controls on land exist only on the Russian border. See Finland–Russia border. The only permanent border control on airports is on the Helsinki airport (although occasional controls can take place for charter flights on other airports). Borders of Finland The borders of Finland are the dividing lines between it and the neighbouring countries of Norway, Russia and Sweden. The border between Norway and Finland is 736 kilometers (457 mi) long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a stone cairn where both countries","title":"Borders of Finland"},{"psg_id":"13610702","text":"countries' borders without having their passport checked, but still have to carry some sort of approved travel identification documents. As of November 2015, there are temporary border controls set up between Denmark and Sweden. These border controls were set up to tackle the issue with immigrants coming to Sweden in relation to the ongoing European migrant crisis Since 1996, these countries have been part of the larger EU directive Schengen Agreement area, comprising 30 countries in Europe. Border checkpoints have been removed within the Schengen zone and only a national ID card is required. Within the Nordic area any means","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"2842749","text":"distinctions can be delineated. Most share taxis are operated under one of two regimes. Some share taxis are operated by a company. For example, in Dakar there are company-owned fleets of hundred of \"car rapides\". In the Soviet Union, share taxis, known as \"marshrutka\", were operated by state-owned taxi parks. There are also individual operators in many countries. In Africa, while there are company share taxis, individual owners are more common. Rarely owning more than two vehicles at a time, they will rent out a minibus to operators, who pay fuel and other running costs, and keep revenue. In some","title":"Share taxi"},{"psg_id":"13610671","text":"countries have a North Germanic official language, commonly called a Nordic language in the Nordic countries. The working languages of the Nordic region's two political bodies are Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Each of the Nordic countries has its own economic and social models, sometimes with large differences from its neighbours, but to varying degrees the Nordic countries share the Nordic model of economy and social structure: market economy is combined with strong labour unions and a universalist welfare sector financed by heavy taxes. There is a high degree of income redistribution and little social unrest and these include support for","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"904632","text":"was rumored to have approached Barnes & Noble in hopes of a buyout. The chain was in debt, having increased its financial instability by borrowing US$42.5 million in March from Pershing Square Capital Management, the company's major stockholder, to keep the company running through the remainder of the fiscal year. The loan was said to have a very high interest rate of 12.5%, which meant that the chain would have to post a significant profit to stay afloat in the future. Following the announcement of the loan, Borders' shares dropped 28.6% to $5.07/share. The shares continued to drop throughout the","title":"Borders Group"},{"psg_id":"18444946","text":"After the dissolution of the union, Panama was part of the Republic of Colombia until its final separation on November 3, 1903. This was caused by Colombia's rejection of Hay–Herrán Treaty, the crisis of Panama following the Thousand Days' War and strategic intervention United States on isthmus. Also in that country, Bolívar specified about the Amphictyonic Congress, which in 1826 he sought to create a confederation of American countries in defense of the continent against the League of the Holy Alliance, by forming an army of 60,000 soldiers with proportional quotas to defend themselves from Spain. Bolivarian countries The Bolivarian","title":"Bolivarian countries"},{"psg_id":"18763162","text":"for free by Benetton Group, the campers in BWB Africa flown in by South African Airways whilst Nike has outfitted the campers in multiple camps. Basketball Without Borders Basketball Without Borders is a basketball instructional camp organised by the NBA in conjunction with FIBA, it presents itself as a “basketball development and community outreach program that unites young basketball players to promote the sport and encourage positive social change in the areas of education, health, and wellness”. Organised annually since 2001, 41 BWB camps have been held across 23 cities in 20 countries with in excess of 2,300 participants from","title":"Basketball Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"12652438","text":"its first president Oscar de la Heras was elected, and Serbian Ambassador in Spain Danko Prokić as its first honorary president. Serbia–Spain relations Serbian-Spanish relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Spain. Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1916. Serbia has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Belgrade. Both countries are member states of the United Nations, Interpol, Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Spain is member state of the European Union since 1986 and Serbia is a candidate country since 2012 negotiating its future membership which Spain is strongly","title":"Serbia–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"16917434","text":"focus of Lifeguards Without Borders is doing service projects worldwide, and they now frequently have mission trips to educate different countries about water safety. The visit to Jamaica in 2005 was the project that first started Lifeguards Without Borders. The initial objective of the project was to develop a water safety course for the national search and rescue Team. The objective changed when they realized that many of the participants did not know how to swim. Lifeguards Without Borders was then created to teach people how to save themselves and others. The team visited Juan Dolio beach and trained other","title":"Lifeguards Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"10817409","text":"violation of international law\" and \"null and void\" in Resolution 478 and has not been recognized by the international community, and all countries have moved their embassies from Jerusalem. On December 6, 2017, US President Donald Trump announced the United States recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson clarified \"that the final status [for Jerusalem], including the borders, would be left to the two parties to negotiate and decide.\" Borders of Israel The current borders of the State of Israel are the result both of war and of diplomatic agreements among Israel, her neighbors,","title":"Borders of Israel"},{"psg_id":"2853208","text":"Engineers Without Borders International Engineers Without Borders International (EWB-I) is an association of individual Engineers Without Borders/Ingenieurs Sans Frontieres groups. EWB-I facilitates collaboration and the exchange of information among the member groups. EWB-I helps its member groups develop their capacity to assist underserved communities in their respective countries and around the world. EWB-I is a virtual organization with staff located in both the United States and South Africa. EWB-I is run by an international board, composed of representatives of the EWB/ISF groups. The member groups of EWB-I support the association’s vision for \"“A sustainable world where engineering enables long-term positive","title":"Engineers Without Borders International"},{"psg_id":"16699147","text":"vote, so that the corporate power of wealthy investors was capped. This practice declined over the late 19th century. During the 1920s and 1930s, the practice of multiple voting shares, and voteless shares, without any preferential rights became widespread, resulting in the disenfranchisement of many ordinary investors. This was halted by stock exchange regulation and corporate law amendments in most countries. One share, one vote One share, one vote is a standard found in corporate law and corporate governance, which suggests that each person who invests money in a company has one vote per share of the company they own,","title":"One share, one vote"},{"psg_id":"20015091","text":"Peru–Spain relations Peru–Spain relations are foreign relations between Peru and Spain. Both nations are members of the Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations. Peru and Spain share a long history since the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. By 1534, Pizarro managed to overcome the Incan Empire and claimed the territory for Spain. In 1535, Spain founded the city of Lima which would become the seat of power and capital for the Viceroyalty of Peru which was created in 1542 and at its highest incorporated most of the South American nations. In","title":"Peru–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"11851825","text":"Periphery countries In world systems theory, the periphery countries (sometimes referred to as just the periphery) are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth. They have weak state institutions and are dependent on – according to some, exploited by – more developed countries. These countries are usually behind because of obstacles such as lack of technology, unstable government, and poor education and health systems. In some instances, the exploitation of periphery countries' agriculture, cheap labor, and natural resources aid core countries in remaining dominant. This","title":"Periphery countries"},{"psg_id":"2853289","text":"legally and structurally separate from all other \"Engineers Without Borders\" organizations, although it assisted in the launch of EWB UK (which uses EWB Canada's lightbulb logo), and has also maintained close relationships with EWB Australia, ISF Spain, ISF Italy, and Engineers for a Sustainable World in the U.S. Like the other above-noted EWB/ISF groups, EWB Canada initially did not join the EWB International network, which was started by EWB-USA and includes a separate group in the province of Quebec, Ingénieurs sans frontières Québec. The Canadian organization said that while it did attend some of EWB-I's meetings and occasionally collaborated with","title":"Engineers Without Borders (Canada)"},{"psg_id":"13496914","text":"use for many years. Community-based management in Japan's near-shore fisheries dates back to feudal times, and modern individually-allocated catch share programs were first implemented by the state of Wisconsin in the early 1970s for important fish stocks in the Great Lakes. Also, Iceland and the Netherlands implemented catch shares for important stocks in the late 1970s. The use of catch share programs worldwide has been expanding since the earliest implementations in the 1970s. Some countries, such as Iceland, New Zealand, and Australia, have made catch share programs the default management system. The United States has implemented the vast majority of","title":"Catch share"},{"psg_id":"11926144","text":"claim that through the years, Maitreya has given 140 messages. Share International quotes him as saying, \"See your brother as yourself\". They say that Maitreya says only through sharing can the world be renewed, and that only sharing will bring justice and peace, and that his can only be achieved by the perception of brotherhood. Share International has offices in Amsterdam, London, Berkeley, Tokyo and several other countries. It publishes a monthly magazine, also called \"Share International\". In it, Creme has published a number of articles that he claims were dictated to him telepathically by a Master of Wisdom (Ascended","title":"Share International"},{"psg_id":"356992","text":"its Roman heritage, making Spain one of the major Latin countries of Europe. Spanish culture is marked by strong historic ties to Catholicism, which played a pivotal role in the country's formation and subsequent identity. Spanish art, architecture, cuisine, and music has been shaped by successive waves of foreign invaders, as well as by the country's Mediterranean climate and geography. The centuries-long colonial era globalised Spanish language and culture, with Spain also absorbing the cultural and commercial products of its diverse empire. After Italy (53) and China (52), Spain is the third country in the world with the most World","title":"Spain"},{"psg_id":"14770638","text":"ways to deliver vaccines more effectively to developing countries. The program differentiates itself from others like it by focusing on the delivery of the beneficial product to the end-user rather than the academic research process. Global Health Share Initiative Global HealthShare® initiative (GHS) is a program launched in June 2010 by the University of California, Davis Center of Excellence for Nutritional Genomics. The program plans to share resources to improve the health in developing countries. Alliances with other research institutions, humanitarian organizations and private companies around the world have been made to meet this goal. The organization will use a","title":"Global Health Share Initiative"},{"psg_id":"9952212","text":"Borders of Poland The \"'Borders of Poland\" are 3511 or 3582 kilometers long. The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian province of Kaliningrad Oblast to the northeast. To the north, Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea. Breakdown of border lengths per entity: The Polish coastline is 770km long. After accession of Poland to the European Union in 2004, border crossings with EU states (Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lithuania) were made redundant. Infrastructure remains in place, but its systematic","title":"Borders of Poland"},{"psg_id":"2803808","text":"physically attacked; and upon occasion, to provide bullet-proof vests for use by journalists. Reporters Without Borders is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a virtual network of non-governmental organizations that monitors free expression violations worldwide and defends journalists, writers and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression. RWB has a presence in 150 countries through local correspondents who act as information relays and through close collaborations with local and regional press freedom groups, including: Through the years RWB has received a number of awards, including: Reporters Without Borders issues press releases,","title":"Reporters Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"19817397","text":"film released in its original version on 13 April 2017 in GCC countries. 1971: Beyond Borders 1971: Beyond Borders is a 2017 Indian war drama film written and directed by Major Ravi. It is the fourth instalment in the \"Major Mahadevan\" film series, with Mohanlal reprising his role as Colonel Mahadevan and an additional character of Major Sahadevan. It also features Arunoday Singh and Allu Sirish. The film, set in two time periods is based on the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and acts as a prequel as well as a follow-up to the series. Originally made in Malayalam language, the","title":"1971: Beyond Borders"},{"psg_id":"13573968","text":"Engineers Without Borders The term Engineers Without Borders (EWB) (Français: Ingénieurs sans frontières) is used by a number of non-governmental organizations in various countries to describe their activity based on engineering and oriented to international development work. All of these groups work worldwide to serve the needs of disadvantaged communities and people through engineering projects. Many EWB national groups are developed independently from each other, and so they are not all formally affiliated with each other, and their level of collaboration and organizational development varies. The majority of the EWB/ISF (French, Ingénieurs Sans Frontières) organizations are strongly linked to academia","title":"Engineers Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"2842757","text":"as \"various\". In Ghana and neighboring countries, \"tro tro\" are privately owned minibus vehicles for hire that travel fixed routes leaving when filled to capacity. While there are \"tro tro\" stations, these share taxis can also be boarded anywhere along the route. Operated by a driver and a conductor, who collects money, shouts out the destination, and is called a \"mate\", many are decorated with slogans and sayings, often religious, and few operate on Sundays. As of 2008, there is no independent transport authority in Accra, Ghana, and the share taxi industry may be wholly unregulated. \"Tro tro\" are used","title":"Share taxi"},{"psg_id":"16861668","text":"Spanish language is a popular foreign language to learn in Poland. At the end of 2011, biltateral trade relations between both countries amounted to €6.15 Bn. Spain is the eleventh largest foreign investor in Poland, with investments valued at €4 Bn. Poland–Spain relations Poland–Spain relations are cultural and political relations between Poland and Spain. Their history dates to Late Middle Ages. Currently, both countries are often found to be political partners in the European Union. First contact between the Kingdoms of Poland and Spain date to Late Middle Ages, where merchants, travelers and priests (Jesuits) traveled between both countries. Early","title":"Poland–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"8874132","text":"the initial campaigning success was achieved by Quintus Anicius Faustus, the legate of Legio III Augusta. Following his African conquests, the Roman Empire may have reached its greatest extent during the reign of Septimius Severus, under whom the empire encompassed an area of 2 million square miles ( million square kilometers). Borders of the Roman Empire The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were a combination of natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond. A \"limes\" was a border","title":"Borders of the Roman Empire"},{"psg_id":"8874125","text":"Borders of the Roman Empire The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were a combination of natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond. A \"limes\" was a border fortification system of the Roman Empire. The Latin noun \"limes\" had a number of different meanings: a path or balk marking off the boundaries of fields; a boundary line or marker; any road or path; any channel, such as a stream channel; or any distinction or difference between two things. Hence","title":"Borders of the Roman Empire"},{"psg_id":"3156444","text":"Argentina cancelled its debt with the holdout creditors, which received returns in the order of the hundreds of percentage points. Some of the major risk factors which increase the probability of the external debt crises in developing countries include high level of inflation, relatively large share of short term debt in external debt, denomination of the dept in foreign currency, decrease of the terms of trade over time, unsustainable total debt service relative to GNI, high income inequality, and high share of agriculture in GDP. At the same time, holding foreign exchange reserves is a strong protective measure against an","title":"Debt of developing countries"},{"psg_id":"12545475","text":"Your Love\". It was released in September 1981 as the second single from the album. His version, featuring Gladys Knight & The Pips, peaked at #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Country Singles chart. Rogers' version also reached number one on the Adult Contemporary Singles chart. Other versions have been recorded by Johnny Adams, Freddy Fender, Charlie Rich, The Fantastic Four, Phoebe Snow, Van Morrison, Susan Tedeschi and Hope Clarke. Share Your Love with Me \"Share Your Love with Me\" is a song written by Alfred Braggs and Deadric Malone. It was originally recorded by","title":"Share Your Love with Me"},{"psg_id":"12545473","text":"Share Your Love with Me \"Share Your Love with Me\" is a song written by Alfred Braggs and Deadric Malone. It was originally recorded by blues singer Bobby \"Blue\" Bland. Over the years, the song has been covered by various artists including Aretha Franklin in 1969, The Band in 1973, Kenny Rogers in 1981, and most recently, Van Morrison in 2016. Bobby \"Blue\" Bland recorded the song for his 1963 album, \"Call on Me\". His version peaked at #42 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. It also reached #15 in Canada.","title":"Share Your Love with Me"},{"psg_id":"6873177","text":"and accents to make judgments that will lead to the unnecessary harassment or detention of US citizens and residents, including SSF members and other Sociologists.\" SSF began a boycott of public and private entities within Arizona and encouraged their members not to travel to the state. Chapters: Sociologists Without Borders Founded in Madrid in 2001, Sociologists Without Borders/Sociólogos Sin Fronteras (SSF) is a Non-Governmental Organization that advances a cosmopolitan sociology and its activities are considered to be Public sociology. The organization has active chapters in Brazil, Chile, Italy, Spain and the U.S., and recently in Canada and Iran. The Spanish","title":"Sociologists Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"6873172","text":"Sociologists Without Borders Founded in Madrid in 2001, Sociologists Without Borders/Sociólogos Sin Fronteras (SSF) is a Non-Governmental Organization that advances a cosmopolitan sociology and its activities are considered to be Public sociology. The organization has active chapters in Brazil, Chile, Italy, Spain and the U.S., and recently in Canada and Iran. The Spanish and U.S. chapters each have international members. Each of the chapters has regular meetings and organizes sessions at national sociological conferences, and there is an affiliated online, peer-reviewed journal. The group's central pedagogical aim is to develop a globally inclusive sociological curriculum. Its epistemological premise is that","title":"Sociologists Without Borders"},{"psg_id":"4698850","text":"involvement of the country in a vast number of different economic activities. After these attempts to gain the \"core\" status, north-western European states locked in their positions as core states by 1640. England dominated the pack, as Spain and Italy fell to semi-peripheral status. One factor that helped the core countries dominate over the other countries is long-distance trade with the Americas and the East. This trade produced profits of 200–300%. In order to enter this trade market, countries needed a great amount of capital and state help. The smaller countries could not make this happen, and this widened the","title":"Core countries"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9952213\",\n \"text\": \"use and the controls are no longer allowed by the Schengen agreement. with Germany with the Chech Republic with Slovakia with Lithuania Historically, Poland also had borders (and border crossings) with former countries, or with countries that no longer share a common border with Poland: with Ukraine with Belarus with Russia Borders of Poland The \\\"'Borders of Poland\\\" are 3511 or 3582 kilometers long. The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian province of Kaliningrad Oblast to the northeast. To the\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Poland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5012203\",\n \"text\": \"the opportunity to share their knowledge with countries that can so greatly benefit from their efforts.\\\" Engineers Without Borders – USA Engineers Without Borders – USA (EWB–USA) is a non-profit humanitarian organization established to partner with developing communities worldwide in order to improve their quality of life. It is the U.S. national group representing the larger international Engineers Without Borders in the USA. This partnership involves the implementation of sustainable engineering projects, while involving and training internationally responsible engineers and engineering students. Engineers Without Borders – USA (EWB-USA) was born from a chance meeting of Bernard Amadei (a Professor of\",\n \"title\": \"Engineers Without Borders – USA\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2126071\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"BNV\\\"; ) is the largest Valencian nationalist party in the Valencian Country, Spain. The Bloc's main aim is, as stated in their guidelines, \\\"to achieve full national sovereignty for the Valencian people, and make it legally declared by a Valencian sovereign Constitution allowing the possibility of association with the countries which share the same language, history and culture\\\". Since 2011, they are part of the Coalició Compromís coalition, which won six seats in the 2011 Valencian regional elections and 19 in the 2015 elections, becoming the third largest party in the regional parliament. Some of the most vocal defenders\",\n \"title\": \"Catalan Countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11968142\",\n \"text\": \"that between Russia and other countries comparable to Spain is measured in tens of billion euro. Spain's share in foreign direct investment to Russian economy remains insignificant, the largest investment (as at 2003), at 319 million US dollars, has been made by Segura Consulting. In December 2000 the relations were strained by Spain' refusal to extradite fugitive banker and media executive Vladimir Gusinsky. Gusinsky, arrested and released in Spain, emigrated to Israel in April 2001. During the most recent state visit of Russian president Dmitry Medvedev to Spain, in March 2009, two countries signed an energy agreement giving Spanish companies\",\n \"title\": \"Russia–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11918384\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of Russia Russia has international borders with 16 sovereign states, including two with maritime boundaries (US, Japan), as well as with the partially recognized states of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. With a land border running in total, Russia has (after China), the second-longest land border of any country. Russia shares borders with more countries than any other state in the world. This includes two partially recognized countries, and two with aquatic boundaries (see below; in italics). Below is a list of subjects with both neighboring regions of Russia with them, and in the neighboring regions of foreign countries. Belgorod\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Russia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3799221\",\n \"text\": \"are quite common. The Chocolatería San Ginés in Madrid is especially famous as a place to stop and have some chocolate with churros, often late into the night (even dawn), after being out on the town. Often traditional Spanish singers and musicians will entertain the guests. As is true in many countries, the cuisines of Spain differ widely from one region to another, even though they all share certain common characteristics, which include: Bachillerato is usually taken if people aspire to go to college. Spain is a democratic parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The monarch is the head of state, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10280052\",\n \"text\": \"half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%. Spain is also slightly desktop-minority. The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes \\\"India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet\\\" (of the\",\n \"title\": \"Usage share of operating systems\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610744\",\n \"text\": \"Ministers. Nordic countries share certain traditions in music, many of which have diverged significantly. In folk music, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and the Faroe Islands share many common aspects. Greenland's Inuit culture has its own musical traditions, influenced by Scandinavian culture. Finland shares many cultural similarities with both the other Nordic countries as well as with the Baltic states, especially Estonia. The Sami have their own unique culture, with ties to the neighboring cultures. Art music has a strong position in Nordic countries. Apart from state-owned opera houses, there are symphony orchestras in most major cities. The most prominent historical\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19834869\",\n \"text\": \"Kazakhstan have been determined, but is still disputed with Iran and Turkmenistan. Borders of Azerbaijan The Borders of Azerbaijan define the land and maritime borders of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan has international land borders with 5 states. The neighboring countries are Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Iran to the south, Turkey to the west (via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the northwest) and Armenia to the west and via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the north and east. To the east, Azerbaijan is bordered by the Caspian Sea which is classified as the world's largest lake and\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Azerbaijan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19834867\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of Azerbaijan The Borders of Azerbaijan define the land and maritime borders of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan has international land borders with 5 states. The neighboring countries are Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Iran to the south, Turkey to the west (via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the northwest) and Armenia to the west and via the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the north and east. To the east, Azerbaijan is bordered by the Caspian Sea which is classified as the world's largest lake and also as a closed sea. Additionally, in Armenia, there exist three Azerbaijani\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Azerbaijan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19912266\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of Finland The borders of Finland are the dividing lines between it and the neighbouring countries of Norway, Russia and Sweden. The border between Norway and Finland is 736 kilometers (457 mi) long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a stone cairn where both countries border Sweden. The eastern tripoint is marked by Treriksrøysa, a stone cairn where both countries border Russia. The border was defined in a 1751 treaty, which also defined the Swedish–Norwegian border. In the period 1738–1751 field investigations and negotiations took place on the\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Finland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2853211\",\n \"text\": \"EWB-I Bylaws. Engineers Without Borders International is not in any way affiliated with Doctors Without Borders, which is a registered trademark of Bureau International de Medecins Sans Frontieres. Engineers Without Borders International Engineers Without Borders International (EWB-I) is an association of individual Engineers Without Borders/Ingenieurs Sans Frontieres groups. EWB-I facilitates collaboration and the exchange of information among the member groups. EWB-I helps its member groups develop their capacity to assist underserved communities in their respective countries and around the world. EWB-I is a virtual organization with staff located in both the United States and South Africa. EWB-I is run by\",\n \"title\": \"Engineers Without Borders International\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19336250\",\n \"text\": \"flooded by Megget reservoir which was opened in September 1983. Yarrow, Scottish Borders Yarrow is a place and parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland and in the former county of Selkirkshire.The name \\\"Yarrow\\\" may derive from the Celtic word \\\"garw\\\" meaning \\\"rough\\\" or possibly share a derivation with the English name \\\"Jarrow\\\". The parish mainly corresponds with the river valley of Yarrow Water from its source in the west at St. Mary's Loch until its passes into the parish of Selkirk between Yarrowford and Broadmeadows, just upstream from Foulshiels. It has an area of 48,851 acres. It is\",\n \"title\": \"Yarrow, Scottish Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2842746\",\n \"text\": \"Share taxi A share taxi (also called shared taxi) is a mode of transport which falls between a taxicab and a bus. These vehicles for hire are typically smaller than buses and usually take passengers on a fixed or semi-fixed route without timetables, but instead departing when all seats are filled. They may stop anywhere to pick up or drop off their passengers. Often found in developing countries, the vehicles used as share taxis range from four-seat cars to minibuses. They are often owner-operated. The UITP term \\\"informal transport\\\" includes share taxis. A given share taxi route may start and\",\n \"title\": \"Share taxi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10817371\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of Israel The current borders of the State of Israel are the result both of war and of diplomatic agreements among Israel, her neighbors, and colonial powers. Uniquely, only two of Israel's five potential land borders are internationally recognized while the other three are disputed. Israel's borders with Egypt and Jordan have now been formally recognized and confirmed as part of the peace treaties with those countries. The borders with Syria (Golan Heights), Lebanon (Shebaa farms) and the Palestinian territories (declared as the State of Palestine) are still in dispute. According to the Green Line of the 1949 Armistice\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Israel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19910129\",\n \"text\": \"Astronomers Without Borders Astronomers Without Borders (AWB) is a U.S.-based organization founded by Mike Simmons and Anousheh Ansari, dedicated to spreading astronomy throughout the world, by getting people in developed countries to sponsor the purchase of equipment and training for people in developing countries. The group's aim is to create \\\"goodwill and understanding\\\" across all boundaries through the sharing of astronomy. The group was founded in 2007, and achieved official tax-free status in 2009, which was the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009). AWB sponsored several events that year, including The World At Night (TWAN) and the IYA2009's Global Cornerstone Project\",\n \"title\": \"Astronomers Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13809802\",\n \"text\": \"Women Without Borders Women without Borders is an international advocacy and research organization for women. It is based in Vienna, Austria, and works with international partner organizations around the world. Dr. Edit Schlaffer founded WwB in 2002 with the goal of empowering women as agents of change. The Women without Borders Executive Board includes the Austrian artist Xenia Hausner. Women without Borders is largely funded by various Austrian Ministries, the Austrian Research Fund, the EU, and the US State Department. Since its inception, Women Without Borders has conducted a variety of projects in countries of crisis and transition, including Chennai\",\n \"title\": \"Women Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3691552\",\n \"text\": \"Lawyers Without Borders Lawyers Without Borders (LWOB) is an international non-profit organization founded in 2000, which operates worldwide from its central headquarters located in New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. Its single affiliate: Lawyers Without Borders UK, was founded in 2003 and is headquartered in London having acquired UK charity status in June 2010. Lawyers from around the world are engaged as volunteers either individually or through their employers (usually either a law firm or an in-house department) who support LWOB as pro bono partners. To date, the countries which contribute the largest number of lawyer volunteers to LWOB field work are\",\n \"title\": \"Lawyers Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9857969\",\n \"text\": \"on the country charts. \\\"I'll Share My World With You\\\" also features a rerecording of \\\"The Race Is On\\\" (with Tammy on background vocals), which had been a top five smash for Jones in 1964 on United Artists. \\\"I'll Share My World With You\\\" would reach number 5 on the country albums chart. Album – Billboard (North America) I'll Share My World with You I'll Share My World with You is an album by American country music artist George Jones. This album was released in 1969 (see 1969 in country music) on the Musicor Records label. Tammy Wynette, who married\",\n \"title\": \"I'll Share My World with You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16973775\",\n \"text\": \"(MUHAS) and Muhimbili Hospital in 2010 and 2011 to research needs of the school and university. Radiologists without Borders arranged for training of medical personnel which took place at Lourdes Hospital in Binghamton, New York, has donated 2 mammography machines, and textbooks and computers for the school. Radiologists Without Borders Radiologists without Borders is a 401(c)(3) non-profit organization that delivers humanitarian aid to developing countries, in the form of radiological services and equipment. Radiologists without Borders was founded in 2008, by New York-based radiologist Tariq Gill. The organization is composed entirely of volunteers, and its mission statement is \\\"to bring\",\n \"title\": \"Radiologists Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7158571\",\n \"text\": \"of 142 times in concert version in the following countries: Norway, Canada, USA, the Netherlands, England, Spain, Finland, Sweden and Denmark. The total attendance figure is approx. 276,000. Total record sales are in excess of 110,000 units. Licensed productions have been staged in several European countries. Which Witch Which Witch is a musical written by Norwegian singers/composers Benedicte Adrian and Ingrid Bjørnov. The storyline for \\\"Which Witch\\\" was derived from the witch finder's manual \\\"Malleus Maleficarum\\\", and the original script was written by Adrian and Bjørnov's manager Ole A. Sørli. The lyrics of the early concert versions were written by\",\n \"title\": \"Which Witch\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20262515\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of India India shares international land borders with six sovereign countries. Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of 12 nautical mile territorial sea and 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone, has more than 7000 km maritime border shared with 7 nations. The map of ICP and LCS. India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of India\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"904636\",\n \"text\": \"been closed. Holiday sales figures for 2009 were \\\"disappointing\\\", with total sales of $846.8 million, down 14.7% from the previous year. Employees reported that major cuts were made in payroll hours. On January 26, 2010, CEO Ron Marshall resigned to become president and CEO of The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. (A&P). Following his announcement, Borders stock fell below one dollar per share. During his tenure at Borders, all of the top executive officers resigned (or were encouraged to leave), including some who had been with the company for over 20 years. Mike Edwards (vice president and chief merchandising\",\n \"title\": \"Borders Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"904637\",\n \"text\": \"officer) was appointed interim CEO. On March 31, 2010, Borders announced that the loan from Pershing Square had been paid in full. In early April, the company's stock had rebounded to $2.78 per share. On May 21, 2010, it was revealed that Bennett S. LeBow, chairman of Vector Group, was making a large private investment in Borders stock. As a result, Howard Lorber, president and CEO of Vector Group, and he joined the board of directors. Following the resignation of Chairman Mick McGuire, LeBow was elected chairman of the board. On June 3, LeBow became CEO of Borders Group. Mike\",\n \"title\": \"Borders Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18763154\",\n \"text\": \"Basketball Without Borders Basketball Without Borders is a basketball instructional camp organised by the NBA in conjunction with FIBA, it presents itself as a “basketball development and community outreach program that unites young basketball players to promote the sport and encourage positive social change in the areas of education, health, and wellness”. Organised annually since 2001, 41 BWB camps have been held across 23 cities in 20 countries with in excess of 2,300 participants from more than 120 countries and territories, 33 of whom were later drafted into the NBA. Around 150 different current and former NBA/WNBA players have joined\",\n \"title\": \"Basketball Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12626724\",\n \"text\": \"Republicans had lost the war, this helped improve the relationship between the two countries after the death of Franco. Mexico and Spain re-established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1977. Since re-establishing diplomatic relations, both nations share close and warm diplomatic relations. On several occasions, both countries had supported each other diplomatically and there have been several high level visits and meetings between both governments including with the Spanish Royal Family. Soon after re-establishing diplomatic relations 1977; Spanish President Adolfo Suárez paid an official visit to Mexico, the first ever by a Spanish head of government. That same year, in October\",\n \"title\": \"Mexico–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12980052\",\n \"text\": \"Israel–Spain relations Israel and Spain have maintained diplomatic ties since 1986. Israel has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Tel Aviv, an honorary consulate in Haifa and a General Consulate in Jerusalem, which is regarded as diplomatic missions to the city of Jerusalem (including both West and East Jerusalem), Gaza and the territories of the West Bank. In additions to both countries being member states of the United Nations, both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean. The two countries are also involved with various programmes and agreements through the European Union, of which Spain\",\n \"title\": \"Israel–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7864182\",\n \"text\": \"Braille Without Borders Braille Without Borders (BWB) is an international organisation for the blind in developing countries. It was founded in Lhasa, Tibet by Sabriye Tenberken and Paul Kronenberg in 1998. BWB's mission is to give hope and practical skills to the blind and in particular to teach Braille to the blind in developing countries; if no Braille script exists for a particular language in a developing country, BWB must first develop it. Formerly known as the Project for the Blind, Tibet in September 2002 the project adopted the name \\\"Braille Without Borders\\\". In August 2017 it was made public\",\n \"title\": \"Braille Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13496915\",\n \"text\": \"its catch share programs in the 21st century. In 2010, catch shares were implemented in the United States Northeast Multispecies fishery and in the United States Atlantic Sea Scallop fishery. In 2011, a catch share program was implemented in the Pacific Coast Groundfish Limited Entry Trawl fishery, which includes fishermen from the states of Washington, Oregon, and California. Worldwide, there are nearly 200 catch share programs, used in 40 countries, to manage a wide variety of marine and freshwater species including finfish, sharks and crustaceans. Catch shares are used in developing and industrialized nations, artisanal and industrial fleets, and in\",\n \"title\": \"Catch share\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9113050\",\n \"text\": \"does not insist on) a convergence period, during which the richer countries would receive higher per capita emissions allowances than poorer countries. Cap and Share says people in rich countries should get the same emissions entitlement as those in poor countries from the start, but suggests that in the early years of the system, a portion of everyone's emissions entitlement should be held back and distributed to governments of countries which were facing exceptional difficulties in adapting to climate change or to low levels of fossil energy use. The governments involved would sell their certificates to raise money for remedial\",\n \"title\": \"Cap and Share\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610690\",\n \"text\": \"a bowl-formed highland. Despite their northern location, the Nordic countries generally have a mild climate compared with other countries that share globally the same latitudes. The climate in the Nordic countries is mainly influenced by their northern location, but remedied by the vicinity to the ocean and the Gulf Stream which brings warm ocean currents from the tip of Florida. Even far to the north, the winters can be quite mild, though north of the Polar Circle the climate zone is Arctic with harsh winters and short summers. The sea has a heavy influence on the weather in the western\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19359131\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of Denmark Denmark has existed with its current borders since 1921. The only land border of Denmark is that with Germany, with a length of 68 km. The border along the territorial waters (12 nautical miles zone) with Sweden runs along the Øresund for a length of about 115 km. The exclusive economic zone (EEZ, 200 nautical miles zone) of Denmark borders those of Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Canada. Sweden and Denmark–Norway became separate= countries with the breakup of the Kalmar Union in 1523. Until 1658, the historic provinces of Skåne, Blekinge\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16973774\",\n \"text\": \"Radiologists Without Borders Radiologists without Borders is a 401(c)(3) non-profit organization that delivers humanitarian aid to developing countries, in the form of radiological services and equipment. Radiologists without Borders was founded in 2008, by New York-based radiologist Tariq Gill. The organization is composed entirely of volunteers, and its mission statement is \\\"to bring life saving diagnostic imaging solutions to medically underserved populations worldwide.\\\" Radiologists without Borders began work in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. They have provided an ultrasound to the City Hospital and provided training of medical personnel. The group worked with Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences\",\n \"title\": \"Radiologists Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7628499\",\n \"text\": \"an annual \\\"Pentecost Festival\\\" in London each May. Share Jesus International Share Jesus International (SJI) is a missionary agency aiming to share Jesus in different contexts and countries. It is a visionary, radical movement, founded by Methodist minister, Rev Rob Frost, which brings together a range of Christian denominations and mission agencies for corporate action in mission and evangelism. The Board of Share Jesus International includes leaders from the following agencies: Methodist Church, Scripture Union, Baptist Union of Great Britain, Youth for Christ, Ichthus Christian Fellowship, Church of England Board of Mission, The Salvation Army, Premier Christian Radio, Evangelical Alliance,\",\n \"title\": \"Share Jesus International\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7628497\",\n \"text\": \"Share Jesus International Share Jesus International (SJI) is a missionary agency aiming to share Jesus in different contexts and countries. It is a visionary, radical movement, founded by Methodist minister, Rev Rob Frost, which brings together a range of Christian denominations and mission agencies for corporate action in mission and evangelism. The Board of Share Jesus International includes leaders from the following agencies: Methodist Church, Scripture Union, Baptist Union of Great Britain, Youth for Christ, Ichthus Christian Fellowship, Church of England Board of Mission, The Salvation Army, Premier Christian Radio, Evangelical Alliance, Churches Together in England, and United Reformed Church.\",\n \"title\": \"Share Jesus International\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610696\",\n \"text\": \"to the Minister for Nordic Cooperation and the Nordic Committee for Co-operation, which co-ordinates the day-to-day work. The autonomous territories have the same representation as states. The Nordic countries share an economic and social model, which involves the combination of a market economy with a welfare state financed with heavy taxes. The welfare states were largely developed by strong social democrat parties and in Finland with cooperation with the Agrarian League. Although the specifics differ between countries and there are ongoing political arguments, there is a strong consensus about keeping to the general concept. A central theme in the Nordic\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18977687\",\n \"text\": \"developed countries, whereas the incarceration rate of the US is 655 per 100,000 population of all ages, the incarceration rate of Canada is 114 per 100,000 (as of 2015), England and Wales is 146 per 100,000 (as of 2016), and Australia is 160 per 100,000 (as of 2016). Comparing other developed countries, the rate of Spain is 133 per 100,000 (as of 2016), Greece is 89 per 100,000 (as of 2016), Norway is 73 per 100,000 (as of 2016), Netherlands is 69 per 100,000 (as of 2014), and Japan is 48 per 100,000 (as of 2014). Comparing other countries with\",\n \"title\": \"Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12652423\",\n \"text\": \"Serbia–Spain relations Serbian-Spanish relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Spain. Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1916. Serbia has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Belgrade. Both countries are member states of the United Nations, Interpol, Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Spain is member state of the European Union since 1986 and Serbia is a candidate country since 2012 negotiating its future membership which Spain is strongly supporting. Spain is member state of NATO alliance while Serbia is militarily neutral country with strong historical relations with the Non-Aligned\",\n \"title\": \"Serbia–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19336243\",\n \"text\": \"Yarrow, Scottish Borders Yarrow is a place and parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland and in the former county of Selkirkshire.The name \\\"Yarrow\\\" may derive from the Celtic word \\\"garw\\\" meaning \\\"rough\\\" or possibly share a derivation with the English name \\\"Jarrow\\\". The parish mainly corresponds with the river valley of Yarrow Water from its source in the west at St. Mary's Loch until its passes into the parish of Selkirk between Yarrowford and Broadmeadows, just upstream from Foulshiels. It has an area of 48,851 acres. It is bordered on the west and north by the parishes of\",\n \"title\": \"Yarrow, Scottish Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15064253\",\n \"text\": \"Radio Show in Nigeria. Teachers Without Borders received the Champions of African Education Award (2010) for its use of radio and local educational capacity building to disseminate information about the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. In 2018, TWB's membership has reached 177 countries. Teachers Without Borders membership is free and enables local educators the opportunity to connect with colleagues globally. Teachers Without Borders also received the Ahmadiyya Muslim Peace Prize for \\\"outstanding work in the promotion of peace through efforts to convene teachers from regions in conflict, provide unfettered access to courses and networks devoted to teacher professional development, and\",\n \"title\": \"Teachers Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610742\",\n \"text\": \"50 per cent in the same period. Denmark has the most museums, a total of 274, but museums in Åland and Iceland have the most visitors, an average of 4 and 5 visits per inhabitant. Many theatres in the Nordic countries receive public funding. Theatre funding constitutes a major share of allocations within the cultural area in all the countries. All countries have national theatres, where plays, ballets and operas are performed. In addition to the national theatres, there are professional regional theatres, which are also supported by the state, counties or municipalities. Most countries also have a few private\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14612261\",\n \"text\": \"2001 census. Like many such areas in Scotland, it also has more than its fair share of antisocial behaviour, with many incidents around the Kenilworth Avenue shops. However, its primary school has won praise for its teaching and attitude to various issues in the past. Other places nearby include Appletreehall, Burnhead, Burnhead Tower, Kirkton, and Galalaw. Burnfoot, Scottish Borders Burnfoot (, ) is a housing estate just east of the A7, in the northern part of Hawick, by the Boonraw Burn, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. Wilton Dean and Stirches were also villages surrounding Hawick. Burnfoot was built\",\n \"title\": \"Burnfoot, Scottish Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7304317\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"one of the most surprising, yet best-established facts in the whole range of economic statistics.\\\" However, the wage share has declined in most developed countries since the 1980s. The wage share can be defined in various ways, but empirically it is usually defined as total labor compensation or labor costs over nominal GDP or gross value added. Often the capital share and labor share are assumed to sum to 100%, so that each can be deduced from the other. For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the labor share in a given sector (\\\"LS\\\") as the ratio of\",\n \"title\": \"Wage share\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11711349\",\n \"text\": \"Subsequently, it was announced in March 2008 that Borders UK planned to close its distribution centre (based in Cornwall) on 29 August, in favour of having publishers and wholesalers deliver directly to its shops, this being exactly opposite to the decision of Waterstone's who planned to test and open their own distribution centre, colloquially referred to as 'The Hub', from the end of May. In July 2008, Borders launched an e-commerce website. In a bid to try to take back a share of internet sales of books, the beta testing of their new transactional website commenced, due for full completion\",\n \"title\": \"Borders (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6721796\",\n \"text\": \"area sometimes called \\\"Valley of Jálama/Xálima\\\", which includes the towns of San Martín de Trevejo (\\\"Sa Martin de Trevellu\\\"), Eljas (\\\"As Elhas\\\") and Valverde del Fresno (\\\"Valverdi du Fresnu\\\"), in the northwestern corner of Cáceres province, Extremadura. Portuguese proper is still spoken by local people in three border areas: In addition to the languages which continue to be spoken in Spain to the present day, other languages which have been spoken within what are now the borders of Spain include: Languages that are now chiefly spoken outside Spain but which have roots in Spain are: There are also variants of\",\n \"title\": \"Languages of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16291970\",\n \"text\": \"From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney From Spain With Love with Annie Sibonney is a Canadian reality television series, which aired on Food Network in Canada and the Cooking Channel in the United States. Produced by Shaftesbury Films, the series premiered in 2011. Hosted by Toronto-based broadcaster and culinary tour operator Annie Sibonney, the series profiles the cuisine of Spain. The series also aired on Food Network in Europe, LifeStyle Food in Australia, Asian Food Channel in Southeast Asia and Fox Life India. After the end of the program's run, Sibonney created the new series \\\"One Night Stand with\",\n \"title\": \"From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9857963\",\n \"text\": \"I'll Share My World with You I'll Share My World with You is an album by American country music artist George Jones. This album was released in 1969 (see 1969 in country music) on the Musicor Records label. Tammy Wynette, who married Jones that year, is pictured on the cover. By 1969, Jones was becoming increasingly unhappy with the production of his albums on Musicor, for which he primarily blamed his longtime producer and mentor Pappy Daily. According to the Bob Allen biography \\\"George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend\\\", Jones was disappointed with the haphazard\",\n \"title\": \"I'll Share My World with You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13573976\",\n \"text\": \"shine a light onto the gender inequality issues in the Engineering field. The programs have their challenges, such as lack of faculty interest and involvement. Engineers Without Borders has created a way to train engineering students in technical and nontechnical skills. The model of education that Engineers Without Borders uses is called service learning, which consists of students getting experience by building infrastructure in struggling 3rd world communities. This model builds on academic literature that claims engineering professions should focus on sustainability. One example of this model of teaching was the Engineering in Developing Countries (EDC) program at the University\",\n \"title\": \"Engineers Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14702714\",\n \"text\": \"began in 1973 after both countries were still reeling from the aftermath of civil wars. Relations have gradually improved with official state visits between the two countries and various exchanges. Spain hosted Expo 2008 which China was a participant at, and China then hosted Expo 2010, where Spain had a pavilion. The volume of trade between the two countries has grown considerably in recent years. Total trade stood at $7.2 billion USD in 2004, and had increased to $22.7 billion by October 2008. As a consequence, China has become Spain's sixth largest trading partner. Recently, Spain held the rotating EU\",\n \"title\": \"China–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16291971\",\n \"text\": \"Annie Sibonney\\\". From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney From Spain With Love with Annie Sibonney is a Canadian reality television series, which aired on Food Network in Canada and the Cooking Channel in the United States. Produced by Shaftesbury Films, the series premiered in 2011. Hosted by Toronto-based broadcaster and culinary tour operator Annie Sibonney, the series profiles the cuisine of Spain. The series also aired on Food Network in Europe, LifeStyle Food in Australia, Asian Food Channel in Southeast Asia and Fox Life India. After the end of the program's run, Sibonney created the new series \\\"One Night\",\n \"title\": \"From Spain with Love with Annie Sibonney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19912276\",\n \"text\": \"Haapasaari, Helsinki, Hanko, Åland, Saimaa Canal. Border controls on land exist only on the Russian border. See Finland–Russia border. The only permanent border control on airports is on the Helsinki airport (although occasional controls can take place for charter flights on other airports). Borders of Finland The borders of Finland are the dividing lines between it and the neighbouring countries of Norway, Russia and Sweden. The border between Norway and Finland is 736 kilometers (457 mi) long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a stone cairn where both countries\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Finland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610702\",\n \"text\": \"countries' borders without having their passport checked, but still have to carry some sort of approved travel identification documents. As of November 2015, there are temporary border controls set up between Denmark and Sweden. These border controls were set up to tackle the issue with immigrants coming to Sweden in relation to the ongoing European migrant crisis Since 1996, these countries have been part of the larger EU directive Schengen Agreement area, comprising 30 countries in Europe. Border checkpoints have been removed within the Schengen zone and only a national ID card is required. Within the Nordic area any means\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2842749\",\n \"text\": \"distinctions can be delineated. Most share taxis are operated under one of two regimes. Some share taxis are operated by a company. For example, in Dakar there are company-owned fleets of hundred of \\\"car rapides\\\". In the Soviet Union, share taxis, known as \\\"marshrutka\\\", were operated by state-owned taxi parks. There are also individual operators in many countries. In Africa, while there are company share taxis, individual owners are more common. Rarely owning more than two vehicles at a time, they will rent out a minibus to operators, who pay fuel and other running costs, and keep revenue. In some\",\n \"title\": \"Share taxi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610671\",\n \"text\": \"countries have a North Germanic official language, commonly called a Nordic language in the Nordic countries. The working languages of the Nordic region's two political bodies are Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Each of the Nordic countries has its own economic and social models, sometimes with large differences from its neighbours, but to varying degrees the Nordic countries share the Nordic model of economy and social structure: market economy is combined with strong labour unions and a universalist welfare sector financed by heavy taxes. There is a high degree of income redistribution and little social unrest and these include support for\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"904632\",\n \"text\": \"was rumored to have approached Barnes & Noble in hopes of a buyout. The chain was in debt, having increased its financial instability by borrowing US$42.5 million in March from Pershing Square Capital Management, the company's major stockholder, to keep the company running through the remainder of the fiscal year. The loan was said to have a very high interest rate of 12.5%, which meant that the chain would have to post a significant profit to stay afloat in the future. Following the announcement of the loan, Borders' shares dropped 28.6% to $5.07/share. The shares continued to drop throughout the\",\n \"title\": \"Borders Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18444946\",\n \"text\": \"After the dissolution of the union, Panama was part of the Republic of Colombia until its final separation on November 3, 1903. This was caused by Colombia's rejection of Hay–Herrán Treaty, the crisis of Panama following the Thousand Days' War and strategic intervention United States on isthmus. Also in that country, Bolívar specified about the Amphictyonic Congress, which in 1826 he sought to create a confederation of American countries in defense of the continent against the League of the Holy Alliance, by forming an army of 60,000 soldiers with proportional quotas to defend themselves from Spain. Bolivarian countries The Bolivarian\",\n \"title\": \"Bolivarian countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18763162\",\n \"text\": \"for free by Benetton Group, the campers in BWB Africa flown in by South African Airways whilst Nike has outfitted the campers in multiple camps. Basketball Without Borders Basketball Without Borders is a basketball instructional camp organised by the NBA in conjunction with FIBA, it presents itself as a “basketball development and community outreach program that unites young basketball players to promote the sport and encourage positive social change in the areas of education, health, and wellness”. Organised annually since 2001, 41 BWB camps have been held across 23 cities in 20 countries with in excess of 2,300 participants from\",\n \"title\": \"Basketball Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12652438\",\n \"text\": \"its first president Oscar de la Heras was elected, and Serbian Ambassador in Spain Danko Prokić as its first honorary president. Serbia–Spain relations Serbian-Spanish relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Spain. Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1916. Serbia has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Belgrade. Both countries are member states of the United Nations, Interpol, Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Spain is member state of the European Union since 1986 and Serbia is a candidate country since 2012 negotiating its future membership which Spain is strongly\",\n \"title\": \"Serbia–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16917434\",\n \"text\": \"focus of Lifeguards Without Borders is doing service projects worldwide, and they now frequently have mission trips to educate different countries about water safety. The visit to Jamaica in 2005 was the project that first started Lifeguards Without Borders. The initial objective of the project was to develop a water safety course for the national search and rescue Team. The objective changed when they realized that many of the participants did not know how to swim. Lifeguards Without Borders was then created to teach people how to save themselves and others. The team visited Juan Dolio beach and trained other\",\n \"title\": \"Lifeguards Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10817409\",\n \"text\": \"violation of international law\\\" and \\\"null and void\\\" in Resolution 478 and has not been recognized by the international community, and all countries have moved their embassies from Jerusalem. On December 6, 2017, US President Donald Trump announced the United States recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson clarified \\\"that the final status [for Jerusalem], including the borders, would be left to the two parties to negotiate and decide.\\\" Borders of Israel The current borders of the State of Israel are the result both of war and of diplomatic agreements among Israel, her neighbors,\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Israel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2853208\",\n \"text\": \"Engineers Without Borders International Engineers Without Borders International (EWB-I) is an association of individual Engineers Without Borders/Ingenieurs Sans Frontieres groups. EWB-I facilitates collaboration and the exchange of information among the member groups. EWB-I helps its member groups develop their capacity to assist underserved communities in their respective countries and around the world. EWB-I is a virtual organization with staff located in both the United States and South Africa. EWB-I is run by an international board, composed of representatives of the EWB/ISF groups. The member groups of EWB-I support the association’s vision for \\\"“A sustainable world where engineering enables long-term positive\",\n \"title\": \"Engineers Without Borders International\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16699147\",\n \"text\": \"vote, so that the corporate power of wealthy investors was capped. This practice declined over the late 19th century. During the 1920s and 1930s, the practice of multiple voting shares, and voteless shares, without any preferential rights became widespread, resulting in the disenfranchisement of many ordinary investors. This was halted by stock exchange regulation and corporate law amendments in most countries. One share, one vote One share, one vote is a standard found in corporate law and corporate governance, which suggests that each person who invests money in a company has one vote per share of the company they own,\",\n \"title\": \"One share, one vote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20015091\",\n \"text\": \"Peru–Spain relations Peru–Spain relations are foreign relations between Peru and Spain. Both nations are members of the Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations. Peru and Spain share a long history since the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. By 1534, Pizarro managed to overcome the Incan Empire and claimed the territory for Spain. In 1535, Spain founded the city of Lima which would become the seat of power and capital for the Viceroyalty of Peru which was created in 1542 and at its highest incorporated most of the South American nations. In\",\n \"title\": \"Peru–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11851825\",\n \"text\": \"Periphery countries In world systems theory, the periphery countries (sometimes referred to as just the periphery) are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth. They have weak state institutions and are dependent on – according to some, exploited by – more developed countries. These countries are usually behind because of obstacles such as lack of technology, unstable government, and poor education and health systems. In some instances, the exploitation of periphery countries' agriculture, cheap labor, and natural resources aid core countries in remaining dominant. This\",\n \"title\": \"Periphery countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2853289\",\n \"text\": \"legally and structurally separate from all other \\\"Engineers Without Borders\\\" organizations, although it assisted in the launch of EWB UK (which uses EWB Canada's lightbulb logo), and has also maintained close relationships with EWB Australia, ISF Spain, ISF Italy, and Engineers for a Sustainable World in the U.S. Like the other above-noted EWB/ISF groups, EWB Canada initially did not join the EWB International network, which was started by EWB-USA and includes a separate group in the province of Quebec, Ingénieurs sans frontières Québec. The Canadian organization said that while it did attend some of EWB-I's meetings and occasionally collaborated with\",\n \"title\": \"Engineers Without Borders (Canada)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13496914\",\n \"text\": \"use for many years. Community-based management in Japan's near-shore fisheries dates back to feudal times, and modern individually-allocated catch share programs were first implemented by the state of Wisconsin in the early 1970s for important fish stocks in the Great Lakes. Also, Iceland and the Netherlands implemented catch shares for important stocks in the late 1970s. The use of catch share programs worldwide has been expanding since the earliest implementations in the 1970s. Some countries, such as Iceland, New Zealand, and Australia, have made catch share programs the default management system. The United States has implemented the vast majority of\",\n \"title\": \"Catch share\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11926144\",\n \"text\": \"claim that through the years, Maitreya has given 140 messages. Share International quotes him as saying, \\\"See your brother as yourself\\\". They say that Maitreya says only through sharing can the world be renewed, and that only sharing will bring justice and peace, and that his can only be achieved by the perception of brotherhood. Share International has offices in Amsterdam, London, Berkeley, Tokyo and several other countries. It publishes a monthly magazine, also called \\\"Share International\\\". In it, Creme has published a number of articles that he claims were dictated to him telepathically by a Master of Wisdom (Ascended\",\n \"title\": \"Share International\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"356992\",\n \"text\": \"its Roman heritage, making Spain one of the major Latin countries of Europe. Spanish culture is marked by strong historic ties to Catholicism, which played a pivotal role in the country's formation and subsequent identity. Spanish art, architecture, cuisine, and music has been shaped by successive waves of foreign invaders, as well as by the country's Mediterranean climate and geography. The centuries-long colonial era globalised Spanish language and culture, with Spain also absorbing the cultural and commercial products of its diverse empire. After Italy (53) and China (52), Spain is the third country in the world with the most World\",\n \"title\": \"Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14770638\",\n \"text\": \"ways to deliver vaccines more effectively to developing countries. The program differentiates itself from others like it by focusing on the delivery of the beneficial product to the end-user rather than the academic research process. Global Health Share Initiative Global HealthShare® initiative (GHS) is a program launched in June 2010 by the University of California, Davis Center of Excellence for Nutritional Genomics. The program plans to share resources to improve the health in developing countries. Alliances with other research institutions, humanitarian organizations and private companies around the world have been made to meet this goal. The organization will use a\",\n \"title\": \"Global Health Share Initiative\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9952212\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of Poland The \\\"'Borders of Poland\\\" are 3511 or 3582 kilometers long. The neighboring countries are Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian province of Kaliningrad Oblast to the northeast. To the north, Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea. Breakdown of border lengths per entity: The Polish coastline is 770km long. After accession of Poland to the European Union in 2004, border crossings with EU states (Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lithuania) were made redundant. Infrastructure remains in place, but its systematic\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of Poland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2803808\",\n \"text\": \"physically attacked; and upon occasion, to provide bullet-proof vests for use by journalists. Reporters Without Borders is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a virtual network of non-governmental organizations that monitors free expression violations worldwide and defends journalists, writers and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression. RWB has a presence in 150 countries through local correspondents who act as information relays and through close collaborations with local and regional press freedom groups, including: Through the years RWB has received a number of awards, including: Reporters Without Borders issues press releases,\",\n \"title\": \"Reporters Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19817397\",\n \"text\": \"film released in its original version on 13 April 2017 in GCC countries. 1971: Beyond Borders 1971: Beyond Borders is a 2017 Indian war drama film written and directed by Major Ravi. It is the fourth instalment in the \\\"Major Mahadevan\\\" film series, with Mohanlal reprising his role as Colonel Mahadevan and an additional character of Major Sahadevan. It also features Arunoday Singh and Allu Sirish. The film, set in two time periods is based on the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and acts as a prequel as well as a follow-up to the series. Originally made in Malayalam language, the\",\n \"title\": \"1971: Beyond Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13573968\",\n \"text\": \"Engineers Without Borders The term Engineers Without Borders (EWB) (Français: Ingénieurs sans frontières) is used by a number of non-governmental organizations in various countries to describe their activity based on engineering and oriented to international development work. All of these groups work worldwide to serve the needs of disadvantaged communities and people through engineering projects. Many EWB national groups are developed independently from each other, and so they are not all formally affiliated with each other, and their level of collaboration and organizational development varies. The majority of the EWB/ISF (French, Ingénieurs Sans Frontières) organizations are strongly linked to academia\",\n \"title\": \"Engineers Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2842757\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"various\\\". In Ghana and neighboring countries, \\\"tro tro\\\" are privately owned minibus vehicles for hire that travel fixed routes leaving when filled to capacity. While there are \\\"tro tro\\\" stations, these share taxis can also be boarded anywhere along the route. Operated by a driver and a conductor, who collects money, shouts out the destination, and is called a \\\"mate\\\", many are decorated with slogans and sayings, often religious, and few operate on Sundays. As of 2008, there is no independent transport authority in Accra, Ghana, and the share taxi industry may be wholly unregulated. \\\"Tro tro\\\" are used\",\n \"title\": \"Share taxi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16861668\",\n \"text\": \"Spanish language is a popular foreign language to learn in Poland. At the end of 2011, biltateral trade relations between both countries amounted to €6.15 Bn. Spain is the eleventh largest foreign investor in Poland, with investments valued at €4 Bn. Poland–Spain relations Poland–Spain relations are cultural and political relations between Poland and Spain. Their history dates to Late Middle Ages. Currently, both countries are often found to be political partners in the European Union. First contact between the Kingdoms of Poland and Spain date to Late Middle Ages, where merchants, travelers and priests (Jesuits) traveled between both countries. Early\",\n \"title\": \"Poland–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8874132\",\n \"text\": \"the initial campaigning success was achieved by Quintus Anicius Faustus, the legate of Legio III Augusta. Following his African conquests, the Roman Empire may have reached its greatest extent during the reign of Septimius Severus, under whom the empire encompassed an area of 2 million square miles ( million square kilometers). Borders of the Roman Empire The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were a combination of natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond. A \\\"limes\\\" was a border\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of the Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8874125\",\n \"text\": \"Borders of the Roman Empire The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were a combination of natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond. A \\\"limes\\\" was a border fortification system of the Roman Empire. The Latin noun \\\"limes\\\" had a number of different meanings: a path or balk marking off the boundaries of fields; a boundary line or marker; any road or path; any channel, such as a stream channel; or any distinction or difference between two things. Hence\",\n \"title\": \"Borders of the Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3156444\",\n \"text\": \"Argentina cancelled its debt with the holdout creditors, which received returns in the order of the hundreds of percentage points. Some of the major risk factors which increase the probability of the external debt crises in developing countries include high level of inflation, relatively large share of short term debt in external debt, denomination of the dept in foreign currency, decrease of the terms of trade over time, unsustainable total debt service relative to GNI, high income inequality, and high share of agriculture in GDP. At the same time, holding foreign exchange reserves is a strong protective measure against an\",\n \"title\": \"Debt of developing countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12545475\",\n \"text\": \"Your Love\\\". It was released in September 1981 as the second single from the album. His version, featuring Gladys Knight & The Pips, peaked at #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Country Singles chart. Rogers' version also reached number one on the Adult Contemporary Singles chart. Other versions have been recorded by Johnny Adams, Freddy Fender, Charlie Rich, The Fantastic Four, Phoebe Snow, Van Morrison, Susan Tedeschi and Hope Clarke. Share Your Love with Me \\\"Share Your Love with Me\\\" is a song written by Alfred Braggs and Deadric Malone. It was originally recorded by\",\n \"title\": \"Share Your Love with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12545473\",\n \"text\": \"Share Your Love with Me \\\"Share Your Love with Me\\\" is a song written by Alfred Braggs and Deadric Malone. It was originally recorded by blues singer Bobby \\\"Blue\\\" Bland. Over the years, the song has been covered by various artists including Aretha Franklin in 1969, The Band in 1973, Kenny Rogers in 1981, and most recently, Van Morrison in 2016. Bobby \\\"Blue\\\" Bland recorded the song for his 1963 album, \\\"Call on Me\\\". His version peaked at #42 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. It also reached #15 in Canada.\",\n \"title\": \"Share Your Love with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6873177\",\n \"text\": \"and accents to make judgments that will lead to the unnecessary harassment or detention of US citizens and residents, including SSF members and other Sociologists.\\\" SSF began a boycott of public and private entities within Arizona and encouraged their members not to travel to the state. Chapters: Sociologists Without Borders Founded in Madrid in 2001, Sociologists Without Borders/Sociólogos Sin Fronteras (SSF) is a Non-Governmental Organization that advances a cosmopolitan sociology and its activities are considered to be Public sociology. The organization has active chapters in Brazil, Chile, Italy, Spain and the U.S., and recently in Canada and Iran. The Spanish\",\n \"title\": \"Sociologists Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6873172\",\n \"text\": \"Sociologists Without Borders Founded in Madrid in 2001, Sociologists Without Borders/Sociólogos Sin Fronteras (SSF) is a Non-Governmental Organization that advances a cosmopolitan sociology and its activities are considered to be Public sociology. The organization has active chapters in Brazil, Chile, Italy, Spain and the U.S., and recently in Canada and Iran. The Spanish and U.S. chapters each have international members. Each of the chapters has regular meetings and organizes sessions at national sociological conferences, and there is an affiliated online, peer-reviewed journal. The group's central pedagogical aim is to develop a globally inclusive sociological curriculum. Its epistemological premise is that\",\n \"title\": \"Sociologists Without Borders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4698850\",\n \"text\": \"involvement of the country in a vast number of different economic activities. After these attempts to gain the \\\"core\\\" status, north-western European states locked in their positions as core states by 1640. England dominated the pack, as Spain and Italy fell to semi-peripheral status. One factor that helped the core countries dominate over the other countries is long-distance trade with the Americas and the East. This trade produced profits of 200–300%. In order to enter this trade market, countries needed a great amount of capital and state help. The smaller countries could not make this happen, and this widened the\",\n \"title\": \"Core countries\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["perejil island","portugal","france","andorra","morocco","gibraltar"],"string":"[\n \"perejil island\",\n \"portugal\",\n \"france\",\n \"andorra\",\n \"morocco\",\n \"gibraltar\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1197,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the official currency in france?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"6367408","text":"De facto currency A de facto currency is a unit of money that is not legal tender in a country but is treated as such by most of the populace. The United States dollar and the European Union euro are the most common de facto currencies. Andorra used the euro unofficially prior to June 2013, at which point the euro became its official currency. The euro remains the de facto currency in Kosovo and Montenegro. Countries using the United States dollar as their de facto currency include Aruba and Cambodia, where most hotels, restaurants, and transportation are priced in dollars;","title":"De facto currency"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6367408\",\n \"text\": \"De facto currency A de facto currency is a unit of money that is not legal tender in a country but is treated as such by most of the populace. The United States dollar and the European Union euro are the most common de facto currencies. Andorra used the euro unofficially prior to June 2013, at which point the euro became its official currency. The euro remains the de facto currency in Kosovo and Montenegro. Countries using the United States dollar as their de facto currency include Aruba and Cambodia, where most hotels, restaurants, and transportation are priced in dollars;\",\n \"title\": \"De facto currency\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"20964810","text":"created What the Fuck France. In 2018 he followed the program with a documentary entitled Stereotrip. The videos take a tongue-in-cheek look at quintessential parts of French culture. Telerama deemed the series \"excellent\". The Local reported that some viewers deemed the series lighthearted humour, while others thought it was French bashing. What The Fuck France? What The Fuck France (aka What's Up France) is a Franglais YouTube channel created by Paul Taylor, in which he comments on French culture and language. Paul Taylor has Anglo-Irish ancestry, and spends his time between England, France, Quebec and Spain. Prior to creating the","title":"What The Fuck France?"},{"psg_id":"20964809","text":"What The Fuck France? What The Fuck France (aka What's Up France) is a Franglais YouTube channel created by Paul Taylor, in which he comments on French culture and language. Paul Taylor has Anglo-Irish ancestry, and spends his time between England, France, Quebec and Spain. Prior to creating the series, Taylor worked at Apple. In 2016, Taylor started a standup called Franglais, where he spoke about his experiences as an expatriate in France. Then, he wrote a YouTube skit called La Bise, about the French kiss, which racked up 3 million hits. Subsequently, he was contacted by Canal+ who together","title":"What The Fuck France?"},{"psg_id":"1701668","text":"the share of all foreign currency deposits held by domestic residents at home and abroad in their total monetary assets. Unofficial currency substitution or de facto currency substitution is the most common type of currency substitution. Unofficial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets in foreign currency, even though the foreign currency is not legal tender there. They hold deposits in the foreign currency because of a bad track record of the local currency, or as a hedge against inflation of the domestic currency. Official currency substitution or full","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"2480285","text":"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"18580478","text":"Synthetic currency pair In foreign exchange market, synthetic currency pair or synthetic cross currency pair is an artificial currency pair which generally is not available in market but one needs to trade across those pairs. One highly traded currency, usually United States dollar, which trades with the target currencies, is taken as intermediary currency and offsetting positions are taken on target currencies. The use of synthetic cross currency pairs has become less common with wide availability of most common currency pairs in the market. There are many official currencies worldwide but not all currencies are traded actively in the forex","title":"Synthetic currency pair"},{"psg_id":"662361","text":"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \"See List of Canadian community currencies\"<br> Mexico: United States: \"See List of community currencies in the United States\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a","title":"Local currency"},{"psg_id":"8966216","text":"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single \"Bad Life\" and a re-recorded version of a \"This Is Not a Love Song\", which had been a No. 5 UK and international hit when released as a single in 1983. An early version of the album was released in 1983 by founding PiL guitarist Keith Levene as \"Commercial Zone\". The album was then re-recorded after Levene's departure from the","title":"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get"},{"psg_id":"8966222","text":"in the film. The album was seen as a step down from the band's efforts. Pitchfork Media named the album \"maligned but salvageable\". Allmusic said the album as \"the most tentative and least powerful of PiL's recordings.\" This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single \"Bad Life\" and a re-recorded version of a \"This Is Not a Love Song\", which had been a No. 5 UK and international","title":"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get"},{"psg_id":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"1701679","text":"may reduce the possibility of systematic liquidity shortages and the optimal reserves in the banking system. Research has shown that official currency substitution has played a significant role in improving bank liquidity and asset quality in Ecuador and El Salvador. High and unanticipated inflation rates decrease the demand for domestic money and raise the demand for alternative assets, including foreign currency and assets dominated by foreign currency. This phenomenon is called the \"flight from domestic money\". It results in a rapid and sizable process of currency substitution. In countries with high inflation rates, the domestic currency tends to be gradually","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"1701673","text":"leads to a reduction of country risk premiums and then to lower interest rates. These effects result in a higher level of investment. However, there is a positive association between currency substitution and interest rates in a dual-currency economy. Official currency substitution helps to promote fiscal and monetary discipline and thus greater macroeconomic stability and lower inflation rates, to lower real exchange rate volatility, and possibly to deepen the financial system. Firstly, currency substitution helps developing countries, providing a firm commitment to stable monetary and exchange rate policies by forcing a passive monetary policy. Adopting a strong foreign currency as","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"14958820","text":"Italians in France Italian migration into what is today France has been going on, in different migrating cycles, for centuries, beginning in prehistoric times right to the modern age. In addition, Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1768, and the county of Nice and Savoy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to France in 1860. According to Robin Cohen, \"about 5 million French nationals are of Italian origin if their parentage is retraced over three generations\". According to official data of the Eurostat for 2012, the number of Italian citizens residing in France was 174,000. There has","title":"Italians in France"},{"psg_id":"1510845","text":"formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire, are called \"pound\" in English, while in the local languages their official name is \"lira\". The pound sterling is also the currency of the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and British Indian Ocean Territory. All of the following currencies have been replaced by the US dollar. Pound (currency) The pound is a unit of currency in some nations. The term originated in the Frankish Empire as a result of Charlemagne's currency reform (\"pound\" from Latin \"pondus\", a unity of weight) and was subsequently taken to","title":"Pound (currency)"},{"psg_id":"1507212","text":"as well as official discouragement of reserve status from the potential rivals, Germany and Japan. The top reserve currency is generally selected by the banking community for the strength and stability of the economy in which it is used. Thus, as a currency becomes less stable, or its economy becomes less dominant, bankers may over time abandon it for a currency issued by a larger or more stable economy. This can take a relatively long time, as recognition is important in determining a reserve currency. For example, it took many years after the United States overtook the United Kingdom as","title":"Reserve currency"},{"psg_id":"6671421","text":"Currency transaction report A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and/or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes. When the first version of the CTR was introduced,","title":"Currency transaction report"},{"psg_id":"10155975","text":"What Is the Third Estate? What Is the Third Estate? () is a political pamphlet written in January 1789, shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution, by the French thinker and clergyman Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1748–1836). The pamphlet was Sieyès' response to finance minister Jacques Necker's invitation for writers to state how they thought the Estates-General should be organized. In the pamphlet, Sieyès argues that the third estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation within itself and had no need of the \"dead weight\" of the two other orders, the first and second","title":"What Is the Third Estate?"},{"psg_id":"7876141","text":"Currency appreciation and depreciation Currency depreciation is the loss of value of a country's currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies, typically in a floating exchange rate system in which no official currency value is maintained. Currency appreciation in the same context is an increase in the value of the currency. Short-term changes in the value of a currency is reflected in changes in the exchange rate. In a floating exchange rate system, a currency's value goes up (or down) if the demand for it goes up more (or less) than the supply does. In the short","title":"Currency appreciation and depreciation"},{"psg_id":"1701674","text":"legal tender will help to \"eliminate the inflation-bias problem of discretionary monetary policy\". Secondly, official currency substitution imposes stronger financial constraint on the government by eliminating deficit financing by issuing money. An empirical finding suggests that inflation has been significantly lower in economies with full currency substitution than nations with domestic currencies. The expected benefit of currency substitution is the elimination of the risk of exchange rate fluctuations and a possible reduction in the country's international exposure. Currency substitution cannot eliminate the risk of an external crisis but provides steadier markets as a result of eliminating fluctuations in exchange rates.","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"6038039","text":"in \"Just Dance 2017\". In 2009, German DJ Klaas remixed the song under the title \"Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9\". This remix charted in several European countries. In 2016, Belgian DJ Lost Frequencies released a cover titled \"What Is Love 2016\", as a single from his debut album \"Less Is More\". It was actually already produced back in 2014 as a remix for Jaymes Young's cover version of \"What is Love\". This version was remade for the album and became a hit on a number of European singles charts and topped the Belgian Ultratop Official Singles Chart.","title":"What Is Love"},{"psg_id":"10157828","text":"show \"Lily Allen and Friends\" for an interview and performed a live version of \"What What (In the Butt)\" with choreographed dancers. The video was also featured in episode #53 of ADD-TV in Manhattan. \"What What (In the Butt)\" was an official selection at the Milwaukee International Film Festival and the Mix Brasil Film Festival. In June 2010 Samwell appeared on an episode of Comedy Central's \"Tosh.0\", television show about viral videos. The segment told the story of how the \"What What\" video was created, followed by an acoustic duet version of the song by Samwell and Josh Homme, lead","title":"What What (In the Butt)"},{"psg_id":"9644957","text":"divided in 100 equal fun, though it did not last long. In 1902, won was introduced as the official currency unit replacing yang at 1 won = 5 yang. The bank of Korea was established 1909 but soon after in 1910, Imperial Japan annexed Korean Empire. Under Colonial rule, the country was made to use the currency unit \"yen\" in the name of Korean yen, which took over the Korean won at par. After the division of Korea, the state of South Korea was established and recognized in 1948, and won was again made the official currency of the new","title":"Korean currency"},{"psg_id":"6038040","text":"An official music video was released directed by Soulvizion. It features the Dutch professional basketball player Don Rigters who plays the role of David Rose, a basketball player who is severely injured trying to make a comeback to the game with encouragement from his girlfriend, (played by Melissa Kanza), his three teammates, (Alkenah Wansing, Jeroen Jansen and Lindy Chippendel) and by his basketball coach (played by J E Rigters). What Is Love \"What Is Love\" is a song recorded by Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway for his debut album, \"The Album\". The song is recognizable by its refrain \"What is love?","title":"What Is Love"},{"psg_id":"14456275","text":"Indian Currency Committee The Indian Currency Committee or Fowler Committee was a government committee appointed by the British-run Government of India on 29 April 1898 to examine the currency situation in India. Until 1892, silver was the metal on which Indian currency and coinage had largely been based. In 1892, the Government of India announced its intent to \"\"close Indian mints to silver\"\" and, in 1893, it brought this policy into force. The committee recommended that the official Indian rupee be based on the gold standard and the official exchange rate of the rupee be established at 15 rupees per","title":"Indian Currency Committee"},{"psg_id":"9456723","text":"Huizi (currency) The Huizi (), issued in the year 1160, was the official banknote of the Chinese Southern Song dynasty. It has the highest amount of issuance among various banknote types during the Song dynasty. Huizi notes came on three-colour printed paper and their usage was heavily promoted by the government of the Southern Song dynasty, the Huizi were backed by 280,000 \"guàn\" of copper cash coins. The Huizi was originally introduced in the region of Liangzhe (兩浙) around what is present-day Zhejiang, and after 1160 Huizi notes were issued by the Ministry of Revenue (戶部) and their circulation was","title":"Huizi (currency)"},{"psg_id":"19648063","text":"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange","title":"Currency analytics"},{"psg_id":"17544677","text":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward","title":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency"},{"psg_id":"11769265","text":"Khaleeji (currency) The Khaleeji ( ) was a proposed name for the common currency of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab States (GCC). The term 'Khaleeji' is Arabic for \"of the Gulf\", and is traditionally associated with Eastern Arabia's Gulf states. The proposed name was turned down in late 2009, and no official name was later agreed prior to the withdrawal of an agreement for a GCC common currency. Although the name \"Dinar\" (, from Latin, denarius) has been suggested since it is already used in the Arab world and is mentioned in the Quran","title":"Khaleeji (currency)"},{"psg_id":"9456729","text":"(湖廣會子). Huizi (currency) The Huizi (), issued in the year 1160, was the official banknote of the Chinese Southern Song dynasty. It has the highest amount of issuance among various banknote types during the Song dynasty. Huizi notes came on three-colour printed paper and their usage was heavily promoted by the government of the Southern Song dynasty, the Huizi were backed by 280,000 \"guàn\" of copper cash coins. The Huizi was originally introduced in the region of Liangzhe (兩浙) around what is present-day Zhejiang, and after 1160 Huizi notes were issued by the Ministry of Revenue (戶部) and their circulation","title":"Huizi (currency)"},{"psg_id":"8656493","text":"on average cost basis would restore fungibility to the currency. Virtual currencies have been called \"closed\" or \"fictional currency\" when they have no official connection to the real economy, for example, currencies in massively multiplayer online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft. While there may be a grey market for exchanging such currencies or other virtual assets for real-world assets, this is usually forbidden by the games' terms of service. This type of currency has been known for a long time in the form of customer incentive programs or loyalty programs. The first known coupon in history is probably","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"15237572","text":"What Is a Nation? \"What is a Nation?\" (\"Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?\") is an 1882 lecture by French historian Ernest Renan (1823–1892), known for the statements that a nation is \"a daily referendum\", and that nations are based as much on what the people jointly forget, as what they remember. It is frequently quoted or anthologized in works of history or political science pertaining to nationalism and national identity. Renan wrote \"What is a Nation\" in order to symbolize the nationalism which was born in France as a result of the French Revolution of 1789. Renan begins his essay by noting","title":"What Is a Nation?"},{"psg_id":"3537241","text":"its new currency symbol, ₹ () on 15 July 2010. It is a blend of the Latin letter 'R' with the Devanagari letter 'र' (ra). When writing currency amounts, the location of the symbol varies by currency. Many currencies in the English-speaking world and Latin America place it before the amount (e.g., R$50,00). The Cape Verdean escudo places its symbol in the decimal separator position (i.e., 20$00). In many European countries such as France, Germany, Greece, Scandinavian countries, the symbol is usually placed after the amount (e.g., 20,50 €). The decimal separator also follows local countries' standards. For instance, the","title":"Currency symbol"},{"psg_id":"4105804","text":"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,","title":"Currency union"},{"psg_id":"15237579","text":"French citizen has to have forgotten the massacre of Saint Bartholomew, or the massacre that took place in the South in the thirteenth century. While many nations, such as France, begin with a feudal regime such as a monarchy, others, such as the United States and Switzerland, are formed by acts of consensual aggregation. France and many others, however, survived their feudal roots while maintaining their identity. Renan inquires what is the organizing principle? It can't be race, because France is \"Celt, Iberian, German...The most noble countries, England, France and Italy, are the ones where the blood is most mixed.\"","title":"What Is a Nation?"},{"psg_id":"3664839","text":"the debt from King William’s War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, “that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency.” The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall","title":"Currency Act"},{"psg_id":"2856346","text":"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? \"Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?\" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the \"Berlinische Monatsschrift\" (\"Berlin Monthly\"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was addressed to a broad intellectual public community, in reply to Biester's essay entitled: \"Proposal, not to engage the clergy any longer when marriages are conducted\" (April 1783) and a number of leading","title":"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?"},{"psg_id":"2856361","text":"title (\"Qu'est-ce que les Lumières?\"). Foucault's essay reflected on the contemporary status of the project of enlightenment, inverting much of Kant's reasoning but concluding that enlightenment \"still entails work on our limits.\" Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? \"Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?\" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the \"Berlinische Monatsschrift\" (\"Berlin Monthly\"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was","title":"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?"},{"psg_id":"1701666","text":"political and historical factors. In all long-standing currency substitution cases, historical and political reasons have been more influential than an evaluation of the economic effects of currency substitution. Panama adopted the US dollar as legal tender after independence as the result of a constitutional ruling. Ecuador and El Salvador became fully dollarized economies in 2000 and 2001 respectively, for different reasons. Ecuador underwent currency substitution to deal with a widespread political and financial crisis resulting from massive loss of confidence in its political and monetary institutions. By contrast, El Salvador's official currency substitution was a result of internal debates and","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"15509491","text":"had my few relationships and have yet to feel love .\" \"What Is Love?\" was leaked onto the internet in May 2009. Wynter Gordon, the co-writer of \"What Is Love?\", expressed her dismay at the \"unfinished and unmastered\" song's leak in a post on her official MySpace blog. She stated: \"I wrote this song from a deep place in my heart. If the world was gonna hear it, I wanted them to hear it right... It's as good as gone to me now... The story was given a Lifetime TV special instead of a movie... sad.\" Gordon did note that","title":"(What Is) Love?"},{"psg_id":"6038036","text":"at number two in the United Kingdom and Germany and hit number one in 13 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Zimbabwe. Debuting at number 87 on 28 August 1993, the song reached number 11 on the Hot 100 in the United States. The song also peaked at number 12 in Australia. By March 1994, worldwide sales of \"What Is Love\" had already reached 2.6 million. When asked about the meaning of \"What Is Love\" in a 2015 interview, Haddaway said: \"Billboard\" wrote about the song: \"Glorious pop/house ditty recently topped","title":"What Is Love"},{"psg_id":"5644206","text":"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \"textbook\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants","title":"Currency swap"},{"psg_id":"9406942","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"14734059","text":"started his career in Pézenas. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \"scrip\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals.","title":"Occitan (local currency)"},{"psg_id":"14734045","text":"reverse. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \"scrip\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, \"Agir pour le vivant\" (Act for the living), the Abeille is","title":"Abeille (local currency)"},{"psg_id":"18150954","text":"M. Witmark & Sons in New York City in 1917. The song uses the imagery of the rose and the lily to represent England and France respectively, and emphasizes the cooperation and closeness of the two countries in World War I. Cover art for the composition shows that the sheet music was priced at US$0.50, and in 1918, a phonograph of the song (coupled with \"My Sweetheart is Somewhere in France\" sung by Elizabeth Spencer) could be purchased through Victor Records for $0.75. The score went through approximately seven printings. Somewhere In France Is the Lily \"Somewhere In France Is","title":"Somewhere In France Is the Lily"},{"psg_id":"10159600","text":"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the","title":"Currency-counting machine"},{"psg_id":"18948031","text":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"psg_id":"18948032","text":"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"psg_id":"69222","text":"a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military. By the late Bronze Age, however, a series of treaties had established safe passage for merchants around the Eastern Mediterranean, spreading from Minoan Crete and Mycenae in the northwest to Elam and Bahrain in the southeast. It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges, but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper, produced in Cyprus, may have functioned as a currency. It is thought that the","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"4183547","text":"addition, over 90 central banks are engaged in DLT discussions, including implications of a central bank issued digital currency. In March 2018, the Marshall Islands became the first country to issue their own cryptocurrency and certify it as legal tender; the currency is called the \"sovereign\". Canada The Bank of Canada have explored the possibility of creating a version of its currency on the blockchain. The Bank of Canada teamed up with the nation’s five largest banks — and the blockchain consulting firm R3 — for what was known as Project Jasper. In a simulation run in 2016, the central","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"5601524","text":"market, the Chinese yuan (CNY) refers to the renminbi (RMB), which is the official currency used in mainland China. Having been in use for at least 2000 years, the yuan was the first decimal currency system. It is also the first to use metal coins and bank notes, which significantly shaped the global financial system. In Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, \"yuán\" literally means a \"round object\" or \"round coin\". During the Qing Dynasty, the yuan was a round coin made of silver. In informal contexts, the word is written with the simplified Chinese character , that literally means \"beginning\". In formal","title":"Yuan (currency)"},{"psg_id":"9644959","text":"also got devaluated. This was the reason for the reintroduction of won in 1962 as the official currency unit. South Korean currency was still pegged to the US dollar until in 1997 when it was floated into the world market. The Joseon Dynasty issued its first copper coins. In 1888, shortly before the yang was introduced, a small number of coins denominated in hwan (圜) and mun (文) were minted. Even though the yang had been used in past it was reintroduced as the main currency in 1892. One yang was subdivided in 100 fun, making it the first Korean","title":"Korean currency"},{"psg_id":"1507222","text":"by the Japan External Trade Organization for Japan's official procurement in international trade. The Swiss franc, despite gaining ground among the world's foreign-currency reserves and being often used in denominating foreign loans, cannot be considered as a world reserve currency, since the share of all foreign exchange reserves held in Swiss francs has historically been well below 0.5%. The daily trading market turnover of the franc, however, ranked fifth, or about 3.4%, among all currencies in a 2007 survey by the Bank for International Settlements. A number of central banks (and commercial banks) keep Canadian dollars as a reserve currency.","title":"Reserve currency"},{"psg_id":"9501048","text":"seventh century, these currencies (alongside other reforms) were based off the Chinese system and were therefore based on the Chinese units of measurement. In modern times the usage of \"Fuhonsen\" has often been interpreted as charms rather than currency but recent discoveries have uncovered that these copper coins were in fact the first government-made coinage of Japan. Japan's first formal currency system was the \"Kōchōsen\" (Japanese: 皇朝銭, \"Imperial currency\"). It was exemplified by the adoption of Japan's first official coin type, the \"Wadōkaichin\". It was first minted in 708 CE on order of Empress Genmei, Japan's 43rd Imperial ruler. \"\"Wadōkaichin\"\"","title":"Japanese currency"},{"psg_id":"18847537","text":"Europa (currency) The europa was a token coinage created in 1928 by Joseph Archer, a politician and industrialist from the Nièvre region of France. The currency was promoted by Philibert Besson, the elected deputy for the Haute-Loire who, along with Archer, was an important figure in the early European federalist movement. The coins were minted in the name of a hypothetical \"Federated States of Europe\" (\"États Fédérés d'Europe\"). Unlike contemporary currencies that were based on the gold standard, the europa derived its notional value from labour. The currency never circulated except unofficially between federalists of the Nièvre region. Two denominations","title":"Europa (currency)"},{"psg_id":"18844394","text":"or statute. Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \"security\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they","title":"Virtual currency law in the United States"},{"psg_id":"18844358","text":"Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \"security\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business.","title":"Virtual currency law in the United States"},{"psg_id":"69220","text":"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \"currency\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"5601482","text":"base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan in the late 19th century. Currently, the \"renminbi\" is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. The use of shell money is attested to in the Chinese writing system. The traditional characters for 'goods' (), 'buy/sell' (),","title":"History of Chinese currency"},{"psg_id":"14441414","text":"maintaining international competitiveness, financial stability, etc. There is a difference between countries that are regarded as currency manipulators according to official analyses or labelled a currency manipulator for political or lobbying reasons. According to the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, the U.S. Department of the Treasury must publish a semi-annual report in which the developments in international economic and exchange rate policies are reviewed. If any of the U.S. trade partners meets the standards of the “1988 Act”, the Treasury Department must conduct an enhanced analysis. The three assessment criteria are: “(1) a significant bilateral trade surplus","title":"Currency manipulator"},{"psg_id":"11991948","text":"week nosedived 17%, ending at 25,000/US$1 on January 7, 2000. On January 9, President Jamil Mahuad announced that the US dollar would be adopted as Ecuador's official currency. Protests led to his removal. Vice President Gustavo Noboa became president, only to confirm the government's commitment to dollarization. On March 9, 2000, Noboa signed a law passed by Congress, replacing the sucre with the United States dollar at an official exchange rate of 25,000 sucres per US$1. Both currencies were to circulate, the dollar being used for all but the smallest transactions. Only coins would continue in the local currency. The","title":"Currency of Ecuador"},{"psg_id":"12715771","text":"The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \"A Bend in the River\". \"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage","title":"The World Is What It Is"},{"psg_id":"7342101","text":"New France livre The livre was the currency of New France, the French colony in modern-day Canada. It was subdivided into 20 \"sols\", each of 12 \"deniers\". The New France livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use of paper money. After an initial period during which barter prevailed, the French livre began to circulate. In order to encourage coins into the colony, those circulating in New France were valued at a premium, creating a \"monnoye de pays\" (monnaie de pays in Modern French) worth less than the French currency (\"monnoye de France\", monnaie de France in Modern","title":"New France livre"},{"psg_id":"18844366","text":"increase\". In its 2009 Report to Congress, the U.S. Treasury claimed that the dollar will continue to be a major reserve currency \"as long as the United States maintains sound macroeconomic policies and deep, liquid, and open financial markets\". According to former CIA CTO Gus Hunt, the \"Government's going to learn from Bitcoin, and all the official government currencies are going to become crypto currencies themselves\". Under 12 U.S. Code § 411, the Federal Reserve has the authority to issue Federal Reserve notes, and under 12 U.S.C.A. § 418, the Treasury Department \"in order to furnish suitable notes for circulation...shall","title":"Virtual currency law in the United States"},{"psg_id":"14734058","text":"Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals. An initiative of a local shopkeeper organization, ACA, the Occitan is intended to stimulate of local economy. They have a 1-year validity. Bills of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Occitans are issued. They feature an Occitan cross and the portrait of Molière who","title":"Occitan (local currency)"},{"psg_id":"18844364","text":"38.1% in 2013. This Internet growth is characterized by a consumer demand for a decentralized Internet experience that is not limited or dependent on traditional institutions and governments. This movement aims to create an Internet based on the idea of Virtual, Distributed Parallel (VDP) States, \"acting as a kind of organizational counterpoint to that State's governing bodies\". Crypto-currency and other virtual currencies are the VDP movements' currency alternative to traditional currency and traditional financial institutions. The current amount of VC use in the global market is unlikely to significantly affect the Federal Reserve's ability to conduct monetary policy; however, if","title":"Virtual currency law in the United States"},{"psg_id":"6955090","text":"12:1. On 6 March 1946, Dutch-controlled areas replaced the Japanese-issue roepiah with the NICA-issued gulden, giving an official exchange rate of 3 NICA gulden to 100 Japanese roepiah. The Republican government followed suit on 30 October 1946, replacing the occupation currency with \"Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia\" (ORI) at an official rate of 50 Japanese roepiah for 1 ORI. However, owing to the ongoing Indonesian National Revolution and the resulting chaotic monetary landscape, Japanese-issued bills remained in use into 1949. The Indonesian Minister of Finance, Alexander Andries Maramis, estimated in 1946 that the Japanese had put some 2.2 billion roepiah into circulation","title":"Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies"},{"psg_id":"3664841","text":"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British","title":"Currency Act"},{"psg_id":"14734044","text":"Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, \"Agir pour le vivant\" (Act for the living), the Abeille is intended to: Bills of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Abeille are issued. They feature drawings from the painter Jean-Claude Maurel on the obverse, and a photograph of a bee on a flower by the photographer Christian Aymé on the","title":"Abeille (local currency)"},{"psg_id":"18150953","text":"Somewhere In France Is the Lily \"Somewhere In France Is the Lily\" is a World War I march composed in 1918 by Joseph E. Howard with lyrics written by Philander Chase Johnson. It became a hit twice in 1918, charting when released by Charles Hart and by Henry Burr. The song presents a young couple separated by war but held together by love and the sentimental value of lily flowers. The lyrics and cover art are in the public domain. The song was originally sung and composed by Joseph E. Howard, with words by Philander Johnson. It was published by","title":"Somewhere In France Is the Lily"},{"psg_id":"6235906","text":"Currency pair A currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market. The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency, quote currency or currency and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency. Currency pairs are generally written by concatenating the ISO currency codes (ISO 4217) of the base currency and the counter currency, and then separating the two codes with a slash. Alternatively the slash may be omitted, or replaced by either","title":"Currency pair"},{"psg_id":"7728608","text":"about it …\" In September 2014, this instrumental version also appeared as a bonus track on the 2014 \"Apple Years 1968–75\" reissue of \"All Things Must Pass\".<ref name=\"Marchese/SecondDisc\">Joe Marchese, \"Give Me Love: George Harrison’s 'Apple Years' Are Collected On New Box Set\", The Second Disc, 2 September 2014 (retrieved 26 September 2014).</ref> Coinciding with the release, Harrison's widow and son, Olivia and Dhani, held an online competition in which filmmakers were invited to create a video clip for \"What Is Life\". The winner received a $5000 cash prize and their entry became the official video for the track, appearing on","title":"What Is Life"},{"psg_id":"13768714","text":"by the British authorities in 1927, the Palestine pound was introduced, equal in value to the Pound sterling. The Palestine pound was also declared a legal tender in the Transjordan Emirate, which was technically a part of the British Mandate, though having an autonomous local administration. The body which governed the issue of the currency was the Palestine Currency Board, which was subject to the British Colonial Office. The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948, as the British Mandate ended. The area in which the Palestine pound circulated was divided into several political entities: the State of Israel, the","title":"British currency in the Middle East"},{"psg_id":"13768695","text":"until after the Indian mutiny of 1857. Hence the imperial-order-of-council of 1825 did not apply to India. As such, the already circulating silver rupee continued to be the currency of India for the entire duration of the British Raj, and afterwards into independence. The Indian rupee was not only the currency of India but also the currency of an extended region beyond, which stretched across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa, up through the horn of Africa, through Aden and Muscat in Southern Arabia and Eastern Arabia, and along the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, extending","title":"British currency in the Middle East"},{"psg_id":"12528631","text":"Chao (currency) The chao () was the official banknote of the Yuan dynasty in China. Unlike the earlier paper money such as jiaozi, it was the first paper currency to be used as the predominant circulating medium in the history of China. The primary press was the Imperial Mint established in 1260, probably in Yanjing. It was certainly located in Khanbaliq after that city was established the same decade. Regional capitals were sometimes authorized to print money as well. The money of the various eras of the Yuan were also separately known, as the Zhongtong notes and Zhiyuan notes of","title":"Chao (currency)"},{"psg_id":"12528633","text":"be a complete failure, and Gaykhatu was assassinated shortly afterward. Chao (currency) The chao () was the official banknote of the Yuan dynasty in China. Unlike the earlier paper money such as jiaozi, it was the first paper currency to be used as the predominant circulating medium in the history of China. The primary press was the Imperial Mint established in 1260, probably in Yanjing. It was certainly located in Khanbaliq after that city was established the same decade. Regional capitals were sometimes authorized to print money as well. The money of the various eras of the Yuan were also","title":"Chao (currency)"},{"psg_id":"1701670","text":"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"18847538","text":"were produced, both depicting Louis Pasteur and a map of Europe on the obverse and reverse respectively: one valued at 1 europa and another at 1/10 of a europa. Europa (currency) The europa was a token coinage created in 1928 by Joseph Archer, a politician and industrialist from the Nièvre region of France. The currency was promoted by Philibert Besson, the elected deputy for the Haute-Loire who, along with Archer, was an important figure in the early European federalist movement. The coins were minted in the name of a hypothetical \"Federated States of Europe\" (\"États Fédérés d'Europe\"). Unlike contemporary currencies","title":"Europa (currency)"},{"psg_id":"14957842","text":"suggested a new currency war may be beneficial for countries suffering from trade deficits, noting that in the 1930s it was the big surplus countries that were severely impacted once competitive devaluation began. He also suggested that overly confrontational tactics may backfire on the US as they may damage the status of the dollar as a global reserve currency. Ben Bernanke, chairman of the US Federal Reserve, also drew a comparison with competitive devaluation in the inter-war period, referring to the sterilisation of gold inflows by France and America which helped them sustain large trade surpluses, but which also caused","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"816788","text":"Police (); a situation inherited from the Paris Commune of 1871. The power of law enforcement is usually invested in the mayor in other French communes. The departments are divided into arrondissements, themselves divided into cantons. The \"chef-lieu d'arrondissement\" is the subprefecture (). The official in charge is the subprefect (. Cantons have relatively few competences, the most important one being the local organisation of elections (cantons are electoral subdivisions). Prefectures in France A prefecture in France () may refer to: There are 101 prefectures in France, one for each department. The official in charge is the prefect (). The","title":"Prefectures in France"},{"psg_id":"12715772","text":"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \"New York Times Book Review\" as one of the \"Times\"' \"10 Best Books of 2008\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in","title":"The World Is What It Is"},{"psg_id":"9501053","text":"with its metallic content and value decreasing. By the middle of the 9th century, the value of a coin in rice had fallen to 1/150th of its value of the early 8th century. By the end of the 10th century, compounded with weaknesses in the political system, this led to the abandonment of the national currency, with the return to rice as a currency medium. The last official Japanese coin emission occurred in 958, with very low quality coins called \"Kangendaihō\" (乾元大寶), which soon fell into disuse. The last \"Kōchōsen\" coins produced after the Wadōkaichin include: From the 12th century,","title":"Japanese currency"},{"psg_id":"19479118","text":"France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Slovakia. The song has reached the top 10 in all except three of the countries it has charted in. Taylor Swift performed \"This is What You Came For\" on the piano for the first time live at the United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas, on 22 October 2016. Swift then performed an acoustic guitar version at the DirecTV Super Saturday Night in Houston, Texas, on 4 February 2017. This Is What You Came For \"This Is What You Came For\" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris,","title":"This Is What You Came For"},{"psg_id":"9686491","text":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in \"Folktales of Greece\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 and has many Greek and Slavic variants, generally revolving about the exchange of clever answers. This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges. In ballad form, the clever answers to the riddles, and the winning of a husband by them, are found in Child ballad 1, \"Riddles Wisely Expounded\". A brother argue over how they should split their land, some","title":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?"},{"psg_id":"13768718","text":"today and the currency that is used in the United Kingdom. British currency in the Middle East British involvement in the Middle East began with the Aden Settlement in 1839. The British East India Company established an anti-piracy station in Aden to protect British shipping that was sailing to and from India. The Trucial States were similarly brought into the British Empire as a base for suppressing sea piracy in the Persian Gulf. Involvement in the region expanded to Egypt because of the Suez canal, as well as to Bahrain, Qatar, and Muscat. Kuwait was added in 1899 because of","title":"British currency in the Middle East"},{"psg_id":"13768698","text":"British West Indies. East Africa and the Middle East were late additions to the British Empire, and by then, the British government had already learned from experience in Canada, India and Hong Kong that it is highly impractical to impose a new currency in the place of already existing practices. In the history of Britain's involvement in the Middle East region, the sterling coinage never formed a part of the circulating currency. The sterling unit of account, however, entered the region through Palestine in 1927, in the form of the Palestine pound. The Palestine pound was introduced into Palestine in","title":"British currency in the Middle East"},{"psg_id":"14957814","text":"export unemployment. However, because the effects of a devaluation would soon be offset by a corresponding devaluation and in many cases retaliatory tariffs or other barriers by trading partners, few nations would gain an enduring advantage. The exact starting date of the 1930s currency war is open to debate. The three principal parties were Britain, France, and the United States. For most of the 1920s the three generally had coinciding interests; both the US and France supported Britain's efforts to raise Sterling's value against market forces. Collaboration was aided by strong personal friendships among the nations' central bankers, especially between","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"13768697","text":"is said that the British Empire had three currency zones, and that the three currencies were the pound sterling, the dollar, and the rupee. The situation in the British territories of the Middle East was however somewhat complicated, because it involved a situation in which Indian rupees, Turkish piastres, and Egyptian piastres gradually gave way to systems based on units of the sterling system, but without ever involving the introduction of the full sterling coinage. The situation as regards currency in the British territories in the Middle East was quite different from the situation as regards the currencies of the","title":"British currency in the Middle East"},{"psg_id":"19279492","text":"is brief and melancholy, but it’s long enough for the Los Angeles-born vocalist to turn heads and establish herself as a rising star. The music video was released on January 14, 2015. \"What is Love\" has not entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 but has charted at number 12 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles, the song has entered at number 39 in the US R&B songs and at number 13 in the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. It has also entered at number 67 in France. What Is Love (V. Bozeman song) \"What is Love\" is a song recorded by","title":"What Is Love (V. Bozeman song)"},{"psg_id":"19648059","text":"Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange risk, FX risk, or currency risk) is especially high in periods of high currency volatility. Currency analytics are technology tools that enable global companies to manage the risk associated with currency volatility. Currency analytics often involve automation that helps companies access and validate currency exposure data and make decisions that mitigate currency risk. Currency volatility can impact a company’s balance sheet and/or cash","title":"Currency analytics"},{"psg_id":"9406944","text":"\"we really hadn’t decided whether I was just helping Valentino write his own book, or if I was writing a book about him.\" Valentino points out that, \"I thought I might want to write my own book, but I learned that I was not ready to do this. I was still taking classes in basic writing at Georgia Perimeter College.\" Dave Eggers discusses the difficulties in writing a book of this nature: \"For a long while there, we continued doing interviews, and I gathered the material. But all along, I really didn’t know exactly what form it would finally take—whether","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"1507204","text":"Reserve currency A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves. The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy. It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency. People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they do not need to exchange their currency to do so. By the end of the 20th century,","title":"Reserve currency"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20964810\",\n \"text\": \"created What the Fuck France. In 2018 he followed the program with a documentary entitled Stereotrip. The videos take a tongue-in-cheek look at quintessential parts of French culture. Telerama deemed the series \\\"excellent\\\". The Local reported that some viewers deemed the series lighthearted humour, while others thought it was French bashing. What The Fuck France? What The Fuck France (aka What's Up France) is a Franglais YouTube channel created by Paul Taylor, in which he comments on French culture and language. Paul Taylor has Anglo-Irish ancestry, and spends his time between England, France, Quebec and Spain. Prior to creating the\",\n \"title\": \"What The Fuck France?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20964809\",\n \"text\": \"What The Fuck France? What The Fuck France (aka What's Up France) is a Franglais YouTube channel created by Paul Taylor, in which he comments on French culture and language. Paul Taylor has Anglo-Irish ancestry, and spends his time between England, France, Quebec and Spain. Prior to creating the series, Taylor worked at Apple. In 2016, Taylor started a standup called Franglais, where he spoke about his experiences as an expatriate in France. Then, he wrote a YouTube skit called La Bise, about the French kiss, which racked up 3 million hits. Subsequently, he was contacted by Canal+ who together\",\n \"title\": \"What The Fuck France?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701668\",\n \"text\": \"the share of all foreign currency deposits held by domestic residents at home and abroad in their total monetary assets. Unofficial currency substitution or de facto currency substitution is the most common type of currency substitution. Unofficial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets in foreign currency, even though the foreign currency is not legal tender there. They hold deposits in the foreign currency because of a bad track record of the local currency, or as a hedge against inflation of the domestic currency. Official currency substitution or full\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480285\",\n \"text\": \"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18580478\",\n \"text\": \"Synthetic currency pair In foreign exchange market, synthetic currency pair or synthetic cross currency pair is an artificial currency pair which generally is not available in market but one needs to trade across those pairs. One highly traded currency, usually United States dollar, which trades with the target currencies, is taken as intermediary currency and offsetting positions are taken on target currencies. The use of synthetic cross currency pairs has become less common with wide availability of most common currency pairs in the market. There are many official currencies worldwide but not all currencies are traded actively in the forex\",\n \"title\": \"Synthetic currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"662361\",\n \"text\": \"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \\\"See List of Canadian community currencies\\\"<br> Mexico: United States: \\\"See List of community currencies in the United States\\\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a\",\n \"title\": \"Local currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8966216\",\n \"text\": \"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single \\\"Bad Life\\\" and a re-recorded version of a \\\"This Is Not a Love Song\\\", which had been a No. 5 UK and international hit when released as a single in 1983. An early version of the album was released in 1983 by founding PiL guitarist Keith Levene as \\\"Commercial Zone\\\". The album was then re-recorded after Levene's departure from the\",\n \"title\": \"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8966222\",\n \"text\": \"in the film. The album was seen as a step down from the band's efforts. Pitchfork Media named the album \\\"maligned but salvageable\\\". Allmusic said the album as \\\"the most tentative and least powerful of PiL's recordings.\\\" This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single \\\"Bad Life\\\" and a re-recorded version of a \\\"This Is Not a Love Song\\\", which had been a No. 5 UK and international\",\n \"title\": \"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701679\",\n \"text\": \"may reduce the possibility of systematic liquidity shortages and the optimal reserves in the banking system. Research has shown that official currency substitution has played a significant role in improving bank liquidity and asset quality in Ecuador and El Salvador. High and unanticipated inflation rates decrease the demand for domestic money and raise the demand for alternative assets, including foreign currency and assets dominated by foreign currency. This phenomenon is called the \\\"flight from domestic money\\\". It results in a rapid and sizable process of currency substitution. In countries with high inflation rates, the domestic currency tends to be gradually\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701673\",\n \"text\": \"leads to a reduction of country risk premiums and then to lower interest rates. These effects result in a higher level of investment. However, there is a positive association between currency substitution and interest rates in a dual-currency economy. Official currency substitution helps to promote fiscal and monetary discipline and thus greater macroeconomic stability and lower inflation rates, to lower real exchange rate volatility, and possibly to deepen the financial system. Firstly, currency substitution helps developing countries, providing a firm commitment to stable monetary and exchange rate policies by forcing a passive monetary policy. Adopting a strong foreign currency as\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14958820\",\n \"text\": \"Italians in France Italian migration into what is today France has been going on, in different migrating cycles, for centuries, beginning in prehistoric times right to the modern age. In addition, Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1768, and the county of Nice and Savoy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to France in 1860. According to Robin Cohen, \\\"about 5 million French nationals are of Italian origin if their parentage is retraced over three generations\\\". According to official data of the Eurostat for 2012, the number of Italian citizens residing in France was 174,000. There has\",\n \"title\": \"Italians in France\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1510845\",\n \"text\": \"formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire, are called \\\"pound\\\" in English, while in the local languages their official name is \\\"lira\\\". The pound sterling is also the currency of the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and British Indian Ocean Territory. All of the following currencies have been replaced by the US dollar. Pound (currency) The pound is a unit of currency in some nations. The term originated in the Frankish Empire as a result of Charlemagne's currency reform (\\\"pound\\\" from Latin \\\"pondus\\\", a unity of weight) and was subsequently taken to\",\n \"title\": \"Pound (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1507212\",\n \"text\": \"as well as official discouragement of reserve status from the potential rivals, Germany and Japan. The top reserve currency is generally selected by the banking community for the strength and stability of the economy in which it is used. Thus, as a currency becomes less stable, or its economy becomes less dominant, bankers may over time abandon it for a currency issued by a larger or more stable economy. This can take a relatively long time, as recognition is important in determining a reserve currency. For example, it took many years after the United States overtook the United Kingdom as\",\n \"title\": \"Reserve currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6671421\",\n \"text\": \"Currency transaction report A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file with FinCEN for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and/or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes, and official foreign bank notes. When the first version of the CTR was introduced,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency transaction report\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10155975\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the Third Estate? What Is the Third Estate? () is a political pamphlet written in January 1789, shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution, by the French thinker and clergyman Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1748–1836). The pamphlet was Sieyès' response to finance minister Jacques Necker's invitation for writers to state how they thought the Estates-General should be organized. In the pamphlet, Sieyès argues that the third estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation within itself and had no need of the \\\"dead weight\\\" of the two other orders, the first and second\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the Third Estate?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7876141\",\n \"text\": \"Currency appreciation and depreciation Currency depreciation is the loss of value of a country's currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies, typically in a floating exchange rate system in which no official currency value is maintained. Currency appreciation in the same context is an increase in the value of the currency. Short-term changes in the value of a currency is reflected in changes in the exchange rate. In a floating exchange rate system, a currency's value goes up (or down) if the demand for it goes up more (or less) than the supply does. In the short\",\n \"title\": \"Currency appreciation and depreciation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701674\",\n \"text\": \"legal tender will help to \\\"eliminate the inflation-bias problem of discretionary monetary policy\\\". Secondly, official currency substitution imposes stronger financial constraint on the government by eliminating deficit financing by issuing money. An empirical finding suggests that inflation has been significantly lower in economies with full currency substitution than nations with domestic currencies. The expected benefit of currency substitution is the elimination of the risk of exchange rate fluctuations and a possible reduction in the country's international exposure. Currency substitution cannot eliminate the risk of an external crisis but provides steadier markets as a result of eliminating fluctuations in exchange rates.\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6038039\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Just Dance 2017\\\". In 2009, German DJ Klaas remixed the song under the title \\\"Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9\\\". This remix charted in several European countries. In 2016, Belgian DJ Lost Frequencies released a cover titled \\\"What Is Love 2016\\\", as a single from his debut album \\\"Less Is More\\\". It was actually already produced back in 2014 as a remix for Jaymes Young's cover version of \\\"What is Love\\\". This version was remade for the album and became a hit on a number of European singles charts and topped the Belgian Ultratop Official Singles Chart.\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10157828\",\n \"text\": \"show \\\"Lily Allen and Friends\\\" for an interview and performed a live version of \\\"What What (In the Butt)\\\" with choreographed dancers. The video was also featured in episode #53 of ADD-TV in Manhattan. \\\"What What (In the Butt)\\\" was an official selection at the Milwaukee International Film Festival and the Mix Brasil Film Festival. In June 2010 Samwell appeared on an episode of Comedy Central's \\\"Tosh.0\\\", television show about viral videos. The segment told the story of how the \\\"What What\\\" video was created, followed by an acoustic duet version of the song by Samwell and Josh Homme, lead\",\n \"title\": \"What What (In the Butt)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9644957\",\n \"text\": \"divided in 100 equal fun, though it did not last long. In 1902, won was introduced as the official currency unit replacing yang at 1 won = 5 yang. The bank of Korea was established 1909 but soon after in 1910, Imperial Japan annexed Korean Empire. Under Colonial rule, the country was made to use the currency unit \\\"yen\\\" in the name of Korean yen, which took over the Korean won at par. After the division of Korea, the state of South Korea was established and recognized in 1948, and won was again made the official currency of the new\",\n \"title\": \"Korean currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6038040\",\n \"text\": \"An official music video was released directed by Soulvizion. It features the Dutch professional basketball player Don Rigters who plays the role of David Rose, a basketball player who is severely injured trying to make a comeback to the game with encouragement from his girlfriend, (played by Melissa Kanza), his three teammates, (Alkenah Wansing, Jeroen Jansen and Lindy Chippendel) and by his basketball coach (played by J E Rigters). What Is Love \\\"What Is Love\\\" is a song recorded by Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway for his debut album, \\\"The Album\\\". The song is recognizable by its refrain \\\"What is love?\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14456275\",\n \"text\": \"Indian Currency Committee The Indian Currency Committee or Fowler Committee was a government committee appointed by the British-run Government of India on 29 April 1898 to examine the currency situation in India. Until 1892, silver was the metal on which Indian currency and coinage had largely been based. In 1892, the Government of India announced its intent to \\\"\\\"close Indian mints to silver\\\"\\\" and, in 1893, it brought this policy into force. The committee recommended that the official Indian rupee be based on the gold standard and the official exchange rate of the rupee be established at 15 rupees per\",\n \"title\": \"Indian Currency Committee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9456723\",\n \"text\": \"Huizi (currency) The Huizi (), issued in the year 1160, was the official banknote of the Chinese Southern Song dynasty. It has the highest amount of issuance among various banknote types during the Song dynasty. Huizi notes came on three-colour printed paper and their usage was heavily promoted by the government of the Southern Song dynasty, the Huizi were backed by 280,000 \\\"guàn\\\" of copper cash coins. The Huizi was originally introduced in the region of Liangzhe (兩浙) around what is present-day Zhejiang, and after 1160 Huizi notes were issued by the Ministry of Revenue (戶部) and their circulation was\",\n \"title\": \"Huizi (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19648063\",\n \"text\": \"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange\",\n \"title\": \"Currency analytics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544677\",\n \"text\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward\",\n \"title\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11769265\",\n \"text\": \"Khaleeji (currency) The Khaleeji ( ) was a proposed name for the common currency of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab States (GCC). The term 'Khaleeji' is Arabic for \\\"of the Gulf\\\", and is traditionally associated with Eastern Arabia's Gulf states. The proposed name was turned down in late 2009, and no official name was later agreed prior to the withdrawal of an agreement for a GCC common currency. Although the name \\\"Dinar\\\" (, from Latin, denarius) has been suggested since it is already used in the Arab world and is mentioned in the Quran\",\n \"title\": \"Khaleeji (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9456729\",\n \"text\": \"(湖廣會子). Huizi (currency) The Huizi (), issued in the year 1160, was the official banknote of the Chinese Southern Song dynasty. It has the highest amount of issuance among various banknote types during the Song dynasty. Huizi notes came on three-colour printed paper and their usage was heavily promoted by the government of the Southern Song dynasty, the Huizi were backed by 280,000 \\\"guàn\\\" of copper cash coins. The Huizi was originally introduced in the region of Liangzhe (兩浙) around what is present-day Zhejiang, and after 1160 Huizi notes were issued by the Ministry of Revenue (戶部) and their circulation\",\n \"title\": \"Huizi (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656493\",\n \"text\": \"on average cost basis would restore fungibility to the currency. Virtual currencies have been called \\\"closed\\\" or \\\"fictional currency\\\" when they have no official connection to the real economy, for example, currencies in massively multiplayer online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft. While there may be a grey market for exchanging such currencies or other virtual assets for real-world assets, this is usually forbidden by the games' terms of service. This type of currency has been known for a long time in the form of customer incentive programs or loyalty programs. The first known coupon in history is probably\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15237572\",\n \"text\": \"What Is a Nation? \\\"What is a Nation?\\\" (\\\"Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?\\\") is an 1882 lecture by French historian Ernest Renan (1823–1892), known for the statements that a nation is \\\"a daily referendum\\\", and that nations are based as much on what the people jointly forget, as what they remember. It is frequently quoted or anthologized in works of history or political science pertaining to nationalism and national identity. Renan wrote \\\"What is a Nation\\\" in order to symbolize the nationalism which was born in France as a result of the French Revolution of 1789. Renan begins his essay by noting\",\n \"title\": \"What Is a Nation?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3537241\",\n \"text\": \"its new currency symbol, ₹ () on 15 July 2010. It is a blend of the Latin letter 'R' with the Devanagari letter 'र' (ra). When writing currency amounts, the location of the symbol varies by currency. Many currencies in the English-speaking world and Latin America place it before the amount (e.g., R$50,00). The Cape Verdean escudo places its symbol in the decimal separator position (i.e., 20$00). In many European countries such as France, Germany, Greece, Scandinavian countries, the symbol is usually placed after the amount (e.g., 20,50 €). The decimal separator also follows local countries' standards. For instance, the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency symbol\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4105804\",\n \"text\": \"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15237579\",\n \"text\": \"French citizen has to have forgotten the massacre of Saint Bartholomew, or the massacre that took place in the South in the thirteenth century. While many nations, such as France, begin with a feudal regime such as a monarchy, others, such as the United States and Switzerland, are formed by acts of consensual aggregation. France and many others, however, survived their feudal roots while maintaining their identity. Renan inquires what is the organizing principle? It can't be race, because France is \\\"Celt, Iberian, German...The most noble countries, England, France and Italy, are the ones where the blood is most mixed.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Is a Nation?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3664839\",\n \"text\": \"the debt from King William’s War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, “that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency.” The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2856346\",\n \"text\": \"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? \\\"Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?\\\" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the \\\"Berlinische Monatsschrift\\\" (\\\"Berlin Monthly\\\"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was addressed to a broad intellectual public community, in reply to Biester's essay entitled: \\\"Proposal, not to engage the clergy any longer when marriages are conducted\\\" (April 1783) and a number of leading\",\n \"title\": \"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2856361\",\n \"text\": \"title (\\\"Qu'est-ce que les Lumières?\\\"). Foucault's essay reflected on the contemporary status of the project of enlightenment, inverting much of Kant's reasoning but concluding that enlightenment \\\"still entails work on our limits.\\\" Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? \\\"Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?\\\" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the \\\"Berlinische Monatsschrift\\\" (\\\"Berlin Monthly\\\"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was\",\n \"title\": \"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701666\",\n \"text\": \"political and historical factors. In all long-standing currency substitution cases, historical and political reasons have been more influential than an evaluation of the economic effects of currency substitution. Panama adopted the US dollar as legal tender after independence as the result of a constitutional ruling. Ecuador and El Salvador became fully dollarized economies in 2000 and 2001 respectively, for different reasons. Ecuador underwent currency substitution to deal with a widespread political and financial crisis resulting from massive loss of confidence in its political and monetary institutions. By contrast, El Salvador's official currency substitution was a result of internal debates and\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15509491\",\n \"text\": \"had my few relationships and have yet to feel love .\\\" \\\"What Is Love?\\\" was leaked onto the internet in May 2009. Wynter Gordon, the co-writer of \\\"What Is Love?\\\", expressed her dismay at the \\\"unfinished and unmastered\\\" song's leak in a post on her official MySpace blog. She stated: \\\"I wrote this song from a deep place in my heart. If the world was gonna hear it, I wanted them to hear it right... It's as good as gone to me now... The story was given a Lifetime TV special instead of a movie... sad.\\\" Gordon did note that\",\n \"title\": \"(What Is) Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6038036\",\n \"text\": \"at number two in the United Kingdom and Germany and hit number one in 13 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Zimbabwe. Debuting at number 87 on 28 August 1993, the song reached number 11 on the Hot 100 in the United States. The song also peaked at number 12 in Australia. By March 1994, worldwide sales of \\\"What Is Love\\\" had already reached 2.6 million. When asked about the meaning of \\\"What Is Love\\\" in a 2015 interview, Haddaway said: \\\"Billboard\\\" wrote about the song: \\\"Glorious pop/house ditty recently topped\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5644206\",\n \"text\": \"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \\\"textbook\\\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants\",\n \"title\": \"Currency swap\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406942\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14734059\",\n \"text\": \"started his career in Pézenas. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \\\"scrip\\\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals.\",\n \"title\": \"Occitan (local currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14734045\",\n \"text\": \"reverse. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \\\"scrip\\\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, \\\"Agir pour le vivant\\\" (Act for the living), the Abeille is\",\n \"title\": \"Abeille (local currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18150954\",\n \"text\": \"M. Witmark & Sons in New York City in 1917. The song uses the imagery of the rose and the lily to represent England and France respectively, and emphasizes the cooperation and closeness of the two countries in World War I. Cover art for the composition shows that the sheet music was priced at US$0.50, and in 1918, a phonograph of the song (coupled with \\\"My Sweetheart is Somewhere in France\\\" sung by Elizabeth Spencer) could be purchased through Victor Records for $0.75. The score went through approximately seven printings. Somewhere In France Is the Lily \\\"Somewhere In France Is\",\n \"title\": \"Somewhere In France Is the Lily\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10159600\",\n \"text\": \"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency-counting machine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18948031\",\n \"text\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18948032\",\n \"text\": \"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69222\",\n \"text\": \"a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military. By the late Bronze Age, however, a series of treaties had established safe passage for merchants around the Eastern Mediterranean, spreading from Minoan Crete and Mycenae in the northwest to Elam and Bahrain in the southeast. It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges, but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper, produced in Cyprus, may have functioned as a currency. It is thought that the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183547\",\n \"text\": \"addition, over 90 central banks are engaged in DLT discussions, including implications of a central bank issued digital currency. In March 2018, the Marshall Islands became the first country to issue their own cryptocurrency and certify it as legal tender; the currency is called the \\\"sovereign\\\". Canada The Bank of Canada have explored the possibility of creating a version of its currency on the blockchain. The Bank of Canada teamed up with the nation’s five largest banks — and the blockchain consulting firm R3 — for what was known as Project Jasper. In a simulation run in 2016, the central\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601524\",\n \"text\": \"market, the Chinese yuan (CNY) refers to the renminbi (RMB), which is the official currency used in mainland China. Having been in use for at least 2000 years, the yuan was the first decimal currency system. It is also the first to use metal coins and bank notes, which significantly shaped the global financial system. In Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, \\\"yuán\\\" literally means a \\\"round object\\\" or \\\"round coin\\\". During the Qing Dynasty, the yuan was a round coin made of silver. In informal contexts, the word is written with the simplified Chinese character , that literally means \\\"beginning\\\". In formal\",\n \"title\": \"Yuan (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9644959\",\n \"text\": \"also got devaluated. This was the reason for the reintroduction of won in 1962 as the official currency unit. South Korean currency was still pegged to the US dollar until in 1997 when it was floated into the world market. The Joseon Dynasty issued its first copper coins. In 1888, shortly before the yang was introduced, a small number of coins denominated in hwan (圜) and mun (文) were minted. Even though the yang had been used in past it was reintroduced as the main currency in 1892. One yang was subdivided in 100 fun, making it the first Korean\",\n \"title\": \"Korean currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1507222\",\n \"text\": \"by the Japan External Trade Organization for Japan's official procurement in international trade. The Swiss franc, despite gaining ground among the world's foreign-currency reserves and being often used in denominating foreign loans, cannot be considered as a world reserve currency, since the share of all foreign exchange reserves held in Swiss francs has historically been well below 0.5%. The daily trading market turnover of the franc, however, ranked fifth, or about 3.4%, among all currencies in a 2007 survey by the Bank for International Settlements. A number of central banks (and commercial banks) keep Canadian dollars as a reserve currency.\",\n \"title\": \"Reserve currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9501048\",\n \"text\": \"seventh century, these currencies (alongside other reforms) were based off the Chinese system and were therefore based on the Chinese units of measurement. In modern times the usage of \\\"Fuhonsen\\\" has often been interpreted as charms rather than currency but recent discoveries have uncovered that these copper coins were in fact the first government-made coinage of Japan. Japan's first formal currency system was the \\\"Kōchōsen\\\" (Japanese: 皇朝銭, \\\"Imperial currency\\\"). It was exemplified by the adoption of Japan's first official coin type, the \\\"Wadōkaichin\\\". It was first minted in 708 CE on order of Empress Genmei, Japan's 43rd Imperial ruler. \\\"\\\"Wadōkaichin\\\"\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18847537\",\n \"text\": \"Europa (currency) The europa was a token coinage created in 1928 by Joseph Archer, a politician and industrialist from the Nièvre region of France. The currency was promoted by Philibert Besson, the elected deputy for the Haute-Loire who, along with Archer, was an important figure in the early European federalist movement. The coins were minted in the name of a hypothetical \\\"Federated States of Europe\\\" (\\\"États Fédérés d'Europe\\\"). Unlike contemporary currencies that were based on the gold standard, the europa derived its notional value from labour. The currency never circulated except unofficially between federalists of the Nièvre region. Two denominations\",\n \"title\": \"Europa (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18844394\",\n \"text\": \"or statute. Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \\\"security\\\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18844358\",\n \"text\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \\\"security\\\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business.\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69220\",\n \"text\": \"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \\\"currency\\\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601482\",\n \"text\": \"base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan in the late 19th century. Currently, the \\\"renminbi\\\" is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. The use of shell money is attested to in the Chinese writing system. The traditional characters for 'goods' (), 'buy/sell' (),\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14441414\",\n \"text\": \"maintaining international competitiveness, financial stability, etc. There is a difference between countries that are regarded as currency manipulators according to official analyses or labelled a currency manipulator for political or lobbying reasons. According to the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, the U.S. Department of the Treasury must publish a semi-annual report in which the developments in international economic and exchange rate policies are reviewed. If any of the U.S. trade partners meets the standards of the “1988 Act”, the Treasury Department must conduct an enhanced analysis. The three assessment criteria are: “(1) a significant bilateral trade surplus\",\n \"title\": \"Currency manipulator\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11991948\",\n \"text\": \"week nosedived 17%, ending at 25,000/US$1 on January 7, 2000. On January 9, President Jamil Mahuad announced that the US dollar would be adopted as Ecuador's official currency. Protests led to his removal. Vice President Gustavo Noboa became president, only to confirm the government's commitment to dollarization. On March 9, 2000, Noboa signed a law passed by Congress, replacing the sucre with the United States dollar at an official exchange rate of 25,000 sucres per US$1. Both currencies were to circulate, the dollar being used for all but the smallest transactions. Only coins would continue in the local currency. The\",\n \"title\": \"Currency of Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12715771\",\n \"text\": \"The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \\\"A Bend in the River\\\". \\\"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\\\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7342101\",\n \"text\": \"New France livre The livre was the currency of New France, the French colony in modern-day Canada. It was subdivided into 20 \\\"sols\\\", each of 12 \\\"deniers\\\". The New France livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use of paper money. After an initial period during which barter prevailed, the French livre began to circulate. In order to encourage coins into the colony, those circulating in New France were valued at a premium, creating a \\\"monnoye de pays\\\" (monnaie de pays in Modern French) worth less than the French currency (\\\"monnoye de France\\\", monnaie de France in Modern\",\n \"title\": \"New France livre\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18844366\",\n \"text\": \"increase\\\". In its 2009 Report to Congress, the U.S. Treasury claimed that the dollar will continue to be a major reserve currency \\\"as long as the United States maintains sound macroeconomic policies and deep, liquid, and open financial markets\\\". According to former CIA CTO Gus Hunt, the \\\"Government's going to learn from Bitcoin, and all the official government currencies are going to become crypto currencies themselves\\\". Under 12 U.S. Code § 411, the Federal Reserve has the authority to issue Federal Reserve notes, and under 12 U.S.C.A. § 418, the Treasury Department \\\"in order to furnish suitable notes for circulation...shall\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14734058\",\n \"text\": \"Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals. An initiative of a local shopkeeper organization, ACA, the Occitan is intended to stimulate of local economy. They have a 1-year validity. Bills of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Occitans are issued. They feature an Occitan cross and the portrait of Molière who\",\n \"title\": \"Occitan (local currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18844364\",\n \"text\": \"38.1% in 2013. This Internet growth is characterized by a consumer demand for a decentralized Internet experience that is not limited or dependent on traditional institutions and governments. This movement aims to create an Internet based on the idea of Virtual, Distributed Parallel (VDP) States, \\\"acting as a kind of organizational counterpoint to that State's governing bodies\\\". Crypto-currency and other virtual currencies are the VDP movements' currency alternative to traditional currency and traditional financial institutions. The current amount of VC use in the global market is unlikely to significantly affect the Federal Reserve's ability to conduct monetary policy; however, if\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6955090\",\n \"text\": \"12:1. On 6 March 1946, Dutch-controlled areas replaced the Japanese-issue roepiah with the NICA-issued gulden, giving an official exchange rate of 3 NICA gulden to 100 Japanese roepiah. The Republican government followed suit on 30 October 1946, replacing the occupation currency with \\\"Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia\\\" (ORI) at an official rate of 50 Japanese roepiah for 1 ORI. However, owing to the ongoing Indonesian National Revolution and the resulting chaotic monetary landscape, Japanese-issued bills remained in use into 1949. The Indonesian Minister of Finance, Alexander Andries Maramis, estimated in 1946 that the Japanese had put some 2.2 billion roepiah into circulation\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3664841\",\n \"text\": \"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14734044\",\n \"text\": \"Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, \\\"Agir pour le vivant\\\" (Act for the living), the Abeille is intended to: Bills of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Abeille are issued. They feature drawings from the painter Jean-Claude Maurel on the obverse, and a photograph of a bee on a flower by the photographer Christian Aymé on the\",\n \"title\": \"Abeille (local currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18150953\",\n \"text\": \"Somewhere In France Is the Lily \\\"Somewhere In France Is the Lily\\\" is a World War I march composed in 1918 by Joseph E. Howard with lyrics written by Philander Chase Johnson. It became a hit twice in 1918, charting when released by Charles Hart and by Henry Burr. The song presents a young couple separated by war but held together by love and the sentimental value of lily flowers. The lyrics and cover art are in the public domain. The song was originally sung and composed by Joseph E. Howard, with words by Philander Johnson. It was published by\",\n \"title\": \"Somewhere In France Is the Lily\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6235906\",\n \"text\": \"Currency pair A currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market. The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency, quote currency or currency and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency. Currency pairs are generally written by concatenating the ISO currency codes (ISO 4217) of the base currency and the counter currency, and then separating the two codes with a slash. Alternatively the slash may be omitted, or replaced by either\",\n \"title\": \"Currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7728608\",\n \"text\": \"about it …\\\" In September 2014, this instrumental version also appeared as a bonus track on the 2014 \\\"Apple Years 1968–75\\\" reissue of \\\"All Things Must Pass\\\".<ref name=\\\"Marchese/SecondDisc\\\">Joe Marchese, \\\"Give Me Love: George Harrison’s 'Apple Years' Are Collected On New Box Set\\\", The Second Disc, 2 September 2014 (retrieved 26 September 2014).</ref> Coinciding with the release, Harrison's widow and son, Olivia and Dhani, held an online competition in which filmmakers were invited to create a video clip for \\\"What Is Life\\\". The winner received a $5000 cash prize and their entry became the official video for the track, appearing on\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Life\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13768714\",\n \"text\": \"by the British authorities in 1927, the Palestine pound was introduced, equal in value to the Pound sterling. The Palestine pound was also declared a legal tender in the Transjordan Emirate, which was technically a part of the British Mandate, though having an autonomous local administration. The body which governed the issue of the currency was the Palestine Currency Board, which was subject to the British Colonial Office. The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948, as the British Mandate ended. The area in which the Palestine pound circulated was divided into several political entities: the State of Israel, the\",\n \"title\": \"British currency in the Middle East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13768695\",\n \"text\": \"until after the Indian mutiny of 1857. Hence the imperial-order-of-council of 1825 did not apply to India. As such, the already circulating silver rupee continued to be the currency of India for the entire duration of the British Raj, and afterwards into independence. The Indian rupee was not only the currency of India but also the currency of an extended region beyond, which stretched across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa, up through the horn of Africa, through Aden and Muscat in Southern Arabia and Eastern Arabia, and along the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, extending\",\n \"title\": \"British currency in the Middle East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12528631\",\n \"text\": \"Chao (currency) The chao () was the official banknote of the Yuan dynasty in China. Unlike the earlier paper money such as jiaozi, it was the first paper currency to be used as the predominant circulating medium in the history of China. The primary press was the Imperial Mint established in 1260, probably in Yanjing. It was certainly located in Khanbaliq after that city was established the same decade. Regional capitals were sometimes authorized to print money as well. The money of the various eras of the Yuan were also separately known, as the Zhongtong notes and Zhiyuan notes of\",\n \"title\": \"Chao (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12528633\",\n \"text\": \"be a complete failure, and Gaykhatu was assassinated shortly afterward. Chao (currency) The chao () was the official banknote of the Yuan dynasty in China. Unlike the earlier paper money such as jiaozi, it was the first paper currency to be used as the predominant circulating medium in the history of China. The primary press was the Imperial Mint established in 1260, probably in Yanjing. It was certainly located in Khanbaliq after that city was established the same decade. Regional capitals were sometimes authorized to print money as well. The money of the various eras of the Yuan were also\",\n \"title\": \"Chao (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701670\",\n \"text\": \"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18847538\",\n \"text\": \"were produced, both depicting Louis Pasteur and a map of Europe on the obverse and reverse respectively: one valued at 1 europa and another at 1/10 of a europa. Europa (currency) The europa was a token coinage created in 1928 by Joseph Archer, a politician and industrialist from the Nièvre region of France. The currency was promoted by Philibert Besson, the elected deputy for the Haute-Loire who, along with Archer, was an important figure in the early European federalist movement. The coins were minted in the name of a hypothetical \\\"Federated States of Europe\\\" (\\\"États Fédérés d'Europe\\\"). Unlike contemporary currencies\",\n \"title\": \"Europa (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957842\",\n \"text\": \"suggested a new currency war may be beneficial for countries suffering from trade deficits, noting that in the 1930s it was the big surplus countries that were severely impacted once competitive devaluation began. He also suggested that overly confrontational tactics may backfire on the US as they may damage the status of the dollar as a global reserve currency. Ben Bernanke, chairman of the US Federal Reserve, also drew a comparison with competitive devaluation in the inter-war period, referring to the sterilisation of gold inflows by France and America which helped them sustain large trade surpluses, but which also caused\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"816788\",\n \"text\": \"Police (); a situation inherited from the Paris Commune of 1871. The power of law enforcement is usually invested in the mayor in other French communes. The departments are divided into arrondissements, themselves divided into cantons. The \\\"chef-lieu d'arrondissement\\\" is the subprefecture (). The official in charge is the subprefect (. Cantons have relatively few competences, the most important one being the local organisation of elections (cantons are electoral subdivisions). Prefectures in France A prefecture in France () may refer to: There are 101 prefectures in France, one for each department. The official in charge is the prefect (). The\",\n \"title\": \"Prefectures in France\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12715772\",\n \"text\": \"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \\\"New York Times Book Review\\\" as one of the \\\"Times\\\"' \\\"10 Best Books of 2008\\\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9501053\",\n \"text\": \"with its metallic content and value decreasing. By the middle of the 9th century, the value of a coin in rice had fallen to 1/150th of its value of the early 8th century. By the end of the 10th century, compounded with weaknesses in the political system, this led to the abandonment of the national currency, with the return to rice as a currency medium. The last official Japanese coin emission occurred in 958, with very low quality coins called \\\"Kangendaihō\\\" (乾元大寶), which soon fell into disuse. The last \\\"Kōchōsen\\\" coins produced after the Wadōkaichin include: From the 12th century,\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19479118\",\n \"text\": \"France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Slovakia. The song has reached the top 10 in all except three of the countries it has charted in. Taylor Swift performed \\\"This is What You Came For\\\" on the piano for the first time live at the United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas, on 22 October 2016. Swift then performed an acoustic guitar version at the DirecTV Super Saturday Night in Houston, Texas, on 4 February 2017. This Is What You Came For \\\"This Is What You Came For\\\" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris,\",\n \"title\": \"This Is What You Came For\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9686491\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in \\\"Folktales of Greece\\\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 and has many Greek and Slavic variants, generally revolving about the exchange of clever answers. This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges. In ballad form, the clever answers to the riddles, and the winning of a husband by them, are found in Child ballad 1, \\\"Riddles Wisely Expounded\\\". A brother argue over how they should split their land, some\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13768718\",\n \"text\": \"today and the currency that is used in the United Kingdom. British currency in the Middle East British involvement in the Middle East began with the Aden Settlement in 1839. The British East India Company established an anti-piracy station in Aden to protect British shipping that was sailing to and from India. The Trucial States were similarly brought into the British Empire as a base for suppressing sea piracy in the Persian Gulf. Involvement in the region expanded to Egypt because of the Suez canal, as well as to Bahrain, Qatar, and Muscat. Kuwait was added in 1899 because of\",\n \"title\": \"British currency in the Middle East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13768698\",\n \"text\": \"British West Indies. East Africa and the Middle East were late additions to the British Empire, and by then, the British government had already learned from experience in Canada, India and Hong Kong that it is highly impractical to impose a new currency in the place of already existing practices. In the history of Britain's involvement in the Middle East region, the sterling coinage never formed a part of the circulating currency. The sterling unit of account, however, entered the region through Palestine in 1927, in the form of the Palestine pound. The Palestine pound was introduced into Palestine in\",\n \"title\": \"British currency in the Middle East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957814\",\n \"text\": \"export unemployment. However, because the effects of a devaluation would soon be offset by a corresponding devaluation and in many cases retaliatory tariffs or other barriers by trading partners, few nations would gain an enduring advantage. The exact starting date of the 1930s currency war is open to debate. The three principal parties were Britain, France, and the United States. For most of the 1920s the three generally had coinciding interests; both the US and France supported Britain's efforts to raise Sterling's value against market forces. Collaboration was aided by strong personal friendships among the nations' central bankers, especially between\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13768697\",\n \"text\": \"is said that the British Empire had three currency zones, and that the three currencies were the pound sterling, the dollar, and the rupee. The situation in the British territories of the Middle East was however somewhat complicated, because it involved a situation in which Indian rupees, Turkish piastres, and Egyptian piastres gradually gave way to systems based on units of the sterling system, but without ever involving the introduction of the full sterling coinage. The situation as regards currency in the British territories in the Middle East was quite different from the situation as regards the currencies of the\",\n \"title\": \"British currency in the Middle East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19279492\",\n \"text\": \"is brief and melancholy, but it’s long enough for the Los Angeles-born vocalist to turn heads and establish herself as a rising star. The music video was released on January 14, 2015. \\\"What is Love\\\" has not entered the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 but has charted at number 12 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles, the song has entered at number 39 in the US R&B songs and at number 13 in the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. It has also entered at number 67 in France. What Is Love (V. Bozeman song) \\\"What is Love\\\" is a song recorded by\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Love (V. Bozeman song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19648059\",\n \"text\": \"Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange risk, FX risk, or currency risk) is especially high in periods of high currency volatility. Currency analytics are technology tools that enable global companies to manage the risk associated with currency volatility. Currency analytics often involve automation that helps companies access and validate currency exposure data and make decisions that mitigate currency risk. Currency volatility can impact a company’s balance sheet and/or cash\",\n \"title\": \"Currency analytics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406944\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"we really hadn’t decided whether I was just helping Valentino write his own book, or if I was writing a book about him.\\\" Valentino points out that, \\\"I thought I might want to write my own book, but I learned that I was not ready to do this. I was still taking classes in basic writing at Georgia Perimeter College.\\\" Dave Eggers discusses the difficulties in writing a book of this nature: \\\"For a long while there, we continued doing interviews, and I gathered the material. But all along, I really didn’t know exactly what form it would finally take—whether\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1507204\",\n \"text\": \"Reserve currency A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves. The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy. It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency. People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they do not need to exchange their currency to do so. By the end of the 20th century,\",\n \"title\": \"Reserve currency\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["cfp franc","euro"],"string":"[\n \"cfp franc\",\n \"euro\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1198,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what state did roger sherman represent at the constitutional convention?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1896569","text":"should be figured according to the \"numbers of free inhabitants\" in each state. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, summoned into existence to amend the Articles of Confederation, Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth offered what came to be called the Great Compromise or Connecticut Compromise. In this plan, designed to be acceptable to both large and small states, the people would be represented proportionally in one branch of the legislature, called the House of Representatives (the lower legislative house). The states would be represented in another house called the Senate (the upper house). In the lower house, each state had a","title":"Roger Sherman"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896569\",\n \"text\": \"should be figured according to the \\\"numbers of free inhabitants\\\" in each state. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, summoned into existence to amend the Articles of Confederation, Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth offered what came to be called the Great Compromise or Connecticut Compromise. In this plan, designed to be acceptable to both large and small states, the people would be represented proportionally in one branch of the legislature, called the House of Representatives (the lower legislative house). The states would be represented in another house called the Senate (the upper house). In the lower house, each state had a\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1896563","text":"university's treasurer for many years and promoting construction of a college chapel. Roger Sherman died in 1793. Roger Sherman was one of the most influential members of the Constitutional Convention. He is not well known for his actions at the Convention because he was a \"terse, ineloquent speaker\" who never kept a personal record of his experience, unlike other prominent figures at the convention such as James Madison, and at 66 years of age, Sherman was the second eldest member at the convention following Benjamin Franklin (who was 81 years old at the time). Yet as one of the most","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"13835103","text":"Tribes as vice-presidents of the convention: William Charles Rogers, Principal Chief of the Cherokees; William H. Murray, appointed by Chickasaw Governor Douglas H. Johnston to represent the Chickasaws; Chief Green McCurtain of the Choctaws; Chief John Brown of the Seminoles; and Charles N. Haskell, selected to represent the Muscogee people (as General Porter had been elected President). Sequoyah Constitutional Convention The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention was an American Indian-led attempt to secure statehood for Indian Territory as an Indian-controlled jurisdiction, separate from the Oklahoma Territory. The proposed state was to be called the State of Sequoyah. The convention drafted a constitution,","title":"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"1896564","text":"active members of the Convention, Sherman made motions or seconds in reference to the Virginia Plan 160 times. His opponent Madison made motions or seconds 177 times. Roger Sherman came into the Convention without the intention of creating a new constitution. Sherman, an original signer of the Articles of Confederation, saw the convention as a means to modify the already existing government. Part of his stance was concerned with the public appeal. He defended amending the articles declaring that it was in the best interest of the people and the most probable way the people would accept changes to a","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"3193364","text":"adoption of Hawaiian diacritical marks for official usage, use of Hawaiian names, etc. The Hawaiian language became the official state language of Hawaii for the first time since the overthrow. A major outgrowth of the constitutional convention was the launching of the political careers of men and women who would later dominate Hawaiian politics. Delegates to the convention included: 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention is considered the watershed political event in the modern State of Hawaii. The convention established term limits for state office holders, provided a requirement for an annual balanced budget, laid","title":"1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"1896572","text":"\"nothing more than an institution for carrying the will of the Legislature into effect\". Originally opposed to slavery due to his personal beliefs and puritan views, Sherman used the issue of slavery as a tool for negotiation and alliance. Sherman was of the opinion that slavery was already gradually being abolished and the trend was moving southward. Sherman saw that the issue of slavery could be one that threatened the success of the constitutional convention. Therefore, Sherman decided to help pass legislation to benefit slave states in order to obtain unlikely allies from South Carolina. The two forces joined together","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"5481466","text":"Hoar was offered, but declined, the magazine's editorship and recommended Palmer, who held the position through the 1940s. Roger Sherman Hoar Roger Sherman Hoar (April 8, 1887 – October 10, 1963) was an American state senator and assistant Attorney General, for the state of Massachusetts. He also wrote science fiction under the pseudonym of \"Ralph Milne Farley\". The Harvard-educated Hoar was the product of a New England family—the son of Sherman Hoar, grandson of former US Attorney General Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, great-grandson of Samuel Hoar, and great-great grandson of American founding father Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of","title":"Roger Sherman Hoar"},{"psg_id":"5481462","text":"Roger Sherman Hoar Roger Sherman Hoar (April 8, 1887 – October 10, 1963) was an American state senator and assistant Attorney General, for the state of Massachusetts. He also wrote science fiction under the pseudonym of \"Ralph Milne Farley\". The Harvard-educated Hoar was the product of a New England family—the son of Sherman Hoar, grandson of former US Attorney General Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, great-grandson of Samuel Hoar, and great-great grandson of American founding father Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Born in Waltham, Massachusetts, Hoar attended Phillips Exeter Academy. He then received his bachelor's degree from Harvard","title":"Roger Sherman Hoar"},{"psg_id":"3193363","text":"1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention is considered the watershed political event in the modern State of Hawaii. The convention established term limits for state office holders, provided a requirement for an annual balanced budget, laid the groundwork for the return of federal land such as the island of Kahoolawe, and most importantly created the Office of Hawaiian Affairs in an effort to right the wrongs done towards native Hawaiians since the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893. The event also created an ambitious project of preservation of the Hawaiian culture including the","title":"1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"14466276","text":"president of the Illinois State Bar Association (1923–1924). He continued in private practice for many years thereafter with the firm of Tenney, Sherman, Rogers & Guthrie. In his later years, Sherman lived at 213 Linden Street in Winnetka, Illinois. He also had a winter home in Pompano Beach, Florida. In 1957, Sherman died at age 85 at his winter home in Pompano Beach. He was survived by his wife, the former Grace Buttolph, and two daughters, Mrs. Philip M. Watrous and Mrs. Robert K. Vincent. Roger Sherman (American football) Roger Sherman (January 4, 1872 – January 20, 1957) was an","title":"Roger Sherman (American football)"},{"psg_id":"9738437","text":"Constitution to abolish slavery throughout the U.S. The convention also wrote a new constitution for the state, which remained in force until 1875. Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 The Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 was a constitutional convention held in the state of Missouri during the American Civil War. The convention was elected in early 1861, and voted against secession. When open fighting broke out between Pro-Confederate governor Claiborne Fox Jackson and Union authorities, and Union forces occupied the state capital, the convention formed a provisional state government, and functioned as a quasi-legislature for several years. The convention never did","title":"Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863"},{"psg_id":"9738423","text":"Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 The Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 was a constitutional convention held in the state of Missouri during the American Civil War. The convention was elected in early 1861, and voted against secession. When open fighting broke out between Pro-Confederate governor Claiborne Fox Jackson and Union authorities, and Union forces occupied the state capital, the convention formed a provisional state government, and functioned as a quasi-legislature for several years. The convention never did produce a new constitution; that task was delegated to a new convention, elected in 1864. Missouri has had four constitutions: The 1820 constitution","title":"Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863"},{"psg_id":"10627428","text":"the U.S. Senate did not pass legislation to bring Oregon into the Union until 1859, when Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14. The Oregon Constitution was not altered until 1902. Oregon Constitutional Convention The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 drafted the Oregon Constitution in preparation for the Oregon Territory to become a U.S. state. Held from mid-August through September, 60 men met in Salem, Oregon, and created the foundation for Oregon's law. The proposal passed with a vote of 35 for adoption to 10 against. Oregon then became the 33rd state of the Union on February 14, 1859.","title":"Oregon Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"5453712","text":"Roger Sherman Greene Roger Sherman Greene (December 14, 1840 – February, 17, 1930) was a United States lawyer, judge, politician and military officer. He was a descendant of many of the distinguished families of the Atlantic states. On the maternal side he was the great-grandson of Roger Sherman, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. His mother, Mary Evarts, was a daughter of Jeremiah Evarts and a sister of William M. Evarts, US Secretary of State, US Attorney General and a US Senator from New York. His father, David","title":"Roger Sherman Greene"},{"psg_id":"5587345","text":"13 and 14)\". He uniformly declined all invitations for the delivery of public addresses. His correspondence and other private papers are deposited in the rooms of the County Historical Society in Fairfield. A copy of his portrait, painted by Jocelyn in 1840, belongs to the College, --the original still hanging in his mansion in Fairfield. Source: Roger Minott Sherman Papers Biographical Sketch \"(with paraphrasing)\". Roger Minott Sherman Roger Minott Sherman (May 22, 1773 – December 30, 1844) was the youngest of six children of Rev. Josiah Sherman \"(Princeton College\" - 1754), a brother of the distinguished Roger Sherman; and his","title":"Roger Minott Sherman"},{"psg_id":"15582011","text":"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention The 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention was a Constitutional Convention which gathered at Old Parliament House, Canberra from 2 to 3 February 1998. It was called by the Howard Government to discuss whether Australia should become a republic. The convention concluded with \"in principle support\" for an Australian republic (with a dissenting minority voting for a continuation of the Australian constitutional monarchy) and proposed a model involving appointment of the head of state by Parliament. The model was put to a referendum in November 1999 and rejected by the Australian electorate. Australia remains a constitutional monarchy under","title":"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"1896568","text":"in which both chambers had representation proportional to the population of the states, which was supported by the Virginia plan. The second was to modify the unicameral legislature that had equal representation from all of the states, which was supported by the New Jersey plan. Roger Sherman was a devout supporter of a unicameral legislature, but when he saw that goal as unattainable he motioned to compromise. In terms of modes of election \"Sherman moved to allow each state legislature to elect its own senators\". Additionally, in the house Sherman originally proposed that the suffrage of the House of Representatives","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"5587335","text":"Roger Minott Sherman Roger Minott Sherman (May 22, 1773 – December 30, 1844) was the youngest of six children of Rev. Josiah Sherman \"(Princeton College\" - 1754), a brother of the distinguished Roger Sherman; and his mother was Martha Minott, the daughter of James and Elizabeth (Merrick) Minott \"(who were the aunt and uncle of Roger Sherman's second wife Rebecca Minot Prescott)\" of Concord, Massachusetts. His eldest sister married the Reverend Justus Mitchell (Yale - 1776); great-grandparents of US Senator Chauncey Depew. By this even the son was thrown upon his own resources, except so far as his uncle, for","title":"Roger Minott Sherman"},{"psg_id":"4934045","text":"planned to strengthen the existing Articles of Confederation, not to write a constitution for a completely new national government. The 1989 film \"A More Perfect Union\", which portrays the events and discussions of the Constitutional Convention, was largely filmed in Independence Hall. Constitutional Convention (United States) The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia. Although","title":"Constitutional Convention (United States)"},{"psg_id":"5453720","text":"born January 15, 1875, and Mary Rhoda, born July 27, 1876. Judge Greene is interred at Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park in Seattle, Washington. Jacob G. Ullery, compiler, \"Men of Vermont: An Illustrated Biographical History of Vermonters and Sons of Vermont\", (Transcript Publishing Company, Brattleboro, VT, 1894), Part III, p. 74. Roger Sherman Greene Roger Sherman Greene (December 14, 1840 – February, 17, 1930) was a United States lawyer, judge, politician and military officer. He was a descendant of many of the distinguished families of the Atlantic states. On the maternal side he was the great-grandson of Roger Sherman, one of","title":"Roger Sherman Greene"},{"psg_id":"1896580","text":"one of the founders of the Central Intelligence Agency, pioneering many methods of intelligence analysis. See Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis; and another Roger Sherman Hoar was a Massachusetts state senator and assistant Attorney General. Husband of his great-great-granddaughter Mabel Wellington White, Henry L. Stimson was Secretary of War under President Taft, Secretary of State under President Hoover, and Secretary of War under both Presidents Roosevelt and Truman. Stimson was the major decision-maker on the atomic bomb and both Presidents followed his advice about using it as the weapon that led to the ultimate end of World War II.","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"1716682","text":"Constitutional convention (political custom) A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. In some states, notably those Commonwealth of Nations states that follow the Westminster system and whose political systems derive from British constitutional law, most government functions are guided by constitutional convention rather than by a formal written constitution. In these states, actual distribution of power may be markedly different from those the formal constitutional documents describe. In particular, the formal constitution often confers wide discretionary powers on the head of state that, in practice, are used only","title":"Constitutional convention (political custom)"},{"psg_id":"13835102","text":"forthcoming state that would ensue. The work of the Sequoyah State Constitutional Convention was not entirely lost. When representatives from Indian Territory joined the Oklahoma State Constitutional Convention in Guthrie the next year, they brought their experience with them. The Sequoyah Constitution served in large part as the basis for the constitution of the State of Oklahoma, which came into being with the merger of the two territories in 1907. General Pleasant Porter, Principal Chief of the Muscogee Creek Nation, was selected as president of the convention. The elected delegates decided to appoint the executive officers of the Five Civilized","title":"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"16785888","text":"the vote to do so was not without some controversy. The new Massachusetts State Constitution then went into effect, and the convention on June 16 issued a call to elect a governor and General Court under its terms before it finally adjourned. The state constitution adopted by the convention provided no mechanisms for amendment other than the calling of another convention. This was changed by the next constitutional convention, held in 1820 after the separation of Maine from the state precipitated a constitutional crisis. That convention ratified the constitution's first nine amendments. Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780 The Constitutional Convention","title":"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780"},{"psg_id":"15920849","text":"Roger Sherman (politician) Roger L. Sherman is an American politician, farmer and schoolteacher from Hodgdon, Maine. Sherman is a Republican member of the Maine House of Representatives from the 144th District in Aroostook County Sherman has served in the Maine Legislature since being elected to the House in 1998. Unable to seek re-election to the House in 2006, he was first elected to the Maine Senate in 2006. Unable to seek re-election to the Senate in 2014 because of term-limits again, Sherman was elected to the House instead. Sherman graduated with a B.A. from the now-defunct Ricker College in Houlton,","title":"Roger Sherman (politician)"},{"psg_id":"4933960","text":"Constitutional Convention (United States) The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New","title":"Constitutional Convention (United States)"},{"psg_id":"15237119","text":"act within 60 days. Constitutional conventions were elected, but did not adopt a constitution, in 1964, 1971, 1977, and 1980. An Act was passed by the 25th Legislature of the Virgin Islands calling for a fifth constitutional convention, and 30 delegates to the convention were elected in the 2007 United States Virgin Islands Constitutional Convention election. The convention passed a proposed constitution in May 2009, and President of the Fifth Constitutional Convention Gerard Luz James submitted it to Virgin Islands Governor John P. de Jongh on June 1, 2009. According to James, the proposed constitution would not affect the Virgin","title":"Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands"},{"psg_id":"15481832","text":"Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster (April 21, 1857 – February 22, 1924) was an American lawyer. He was instrumental in getting the charges against the Homestead Strike participants dropped. Foster was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dwight Foster and Henrietta Perkins Baldwin, daughter of Connecituct Governor and US Senator Roger Sherman Baldwin, and the great-great grandson of Roger Sherman. He attended Boston Latin School and the University of Marburg (1873-1874). In 1878, he graduated from Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones, Psi Upsilon Fraternity, and Linonia. In 1880,","title":"Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster"},{"psg_id":"16785858","text":"convention in 1779, whose proposed constitution was accepted. Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778 The Constitutional Convention of 1778 was the first constitutional convention held in Massachusetts to draft a new state constitution following the state's declaration of independence in 1776. The convention that drafted the proposed constitution was composed of the elected members of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and the Governor's Council meeting as a single body. The document drafted by this convention was approved in February 1778, and submitted to the voters of the state for ratification, the first constitution to be submitted for such a vote. It was","title":"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778"},{"psg_id":"13835097","text":"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention was an American Indian-led attempt to secure statehood for Indian Territory as an Indian-controlled jurisdiction, separate from the Oklahoma Territory. The proposed state was to be called the State of Sequoyah. The convention drafted a constitution, drew up a plan of organization for the government, put together a map showing the counties to be established, and elected delegates to go to the United States Congress to petition for statehood. The convention's proposals were put to a referendum in Indian Territory, and received overwhelming endorsement by voters. However, the delegation received a cool reception","title":"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"5909446","text":"research and writing efforts. He dedicated one of his final volumes to Gertrude Schoepperle Loomis and Laura Hibbard Loomis \"in grateful and loving remembrance\" (\"The Grail: From Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol\" published by the University of Wales 1963; and later by Princeton University, in 1991). Roger Sherman Loomis Roger Sherman Loomis (October 31, 1887 – October 11, 1966) was an American scholar and one of the foremost authorities on medieval and Arthurian literature. Loomis is perhaps best known for showing the roots of Arthurian legend, in particular the Holy Grail, in native Celtic mythology. Roger Sherman Loomis was the","title":"Roger Sherman Loomis"},{"psg_id":"16785857","text":"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778 The Constitutional Convention of 1778 was the first constitutional convention held in Massachusetts to draft a new state constitution following the state's declaration of independence in 1776. The convention that drafted the proposed constitution was composed of the elected members of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and the Governor's Council meeting as a single body. The document drafted by this convention was approved in February 1778, and submitted to the voters of the state for ratification, the first constitution to be submitted for such a vote. It was soundly rejected by voters, leading to a second","title":"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778"},{"psg_id":"19734318","text":"the New Left more generally, along with the growing Anti-War movement and prominent anti-war groups such as the Youth International Party and Students for a Democratic Society. These groups shared many goals, including putting an end to the Vietnam War and fighting police brutality in American cities. However, while these radical organizations and movements influenced one another's ideology, and often organized and protested together, their connections remained largely loose and informal and they did not represent a unified activist front. Forming unity and a singular agenda between these groups was the ultimate focus of the Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention. On","title":"Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"2161519","text":"Constitutional Convention (Australia) In Australian history, the term Constitutional Convention refers to four distinct gatherings. The 1891 Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Constitution for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand. There were 46 delegates at the Convention, chosen by the seven colonial parliaments. Among the delegates was Sir Henry Parkes, known as the \"Father of Federation\". The Convention approved a draft largely written by Andrew Inglis Clark and Samuel Griffith, but the colonial parliaments failed to act to give effect to it. The next constitutional convention","title":"Constitutional Convention (Australia)"},{"psg_id":"16392931","text":"essentially insignificant constitutional provisions\". Fintan O'Toole in June 2012 compared the Convention to the Citizens Union, a reformist political organisation which Tammany Hall did not bother suppressing so long as did not threaten its hegemony. Twenty NGOs produced an open letter calling for the Convention to examine human rights. In the debate on the July Dáil resolution, opposition politicians criticised the composition, agenda, and limited power of the proposed Convention. Later in July, the Patrick MacGill summer school in Glenties had a seminar with academics and politicians discussing the Convention. An \"Irish Times\" editorial called the Convention \"all form and","title":"Constitutional Convention (Ireland)"},{"psg_id":"13298796","text":"Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 was convened on December 3, 1838 to fulfill the requirement for a United States territory being admitted to the union as a state. An act was passed by the Florida Territorial Council in 1838, and approved by Governor Richard Keith Call, calling for the election of delegates in October 1838 to a convention to be held at St. Joseph, Florida. The delegates were to draft a constitution and bill of rights for the Territory of Florida. The Constitutional Convention convened with Robert R. Reid presiding as president and Joshua Knowles","title":"Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838"},{"psg_id":"17503967","text":"expansion to territories held as free soil for three decades. Two months after the Act's passage, Sherman became a candidate for Ohio's 13th congressional district. A local convention nominated Sherman over two other candidates to represent what was then called the Opposition Party (later to become the Republican Party). The new party, a fusion of Free Soilers, Whigs, and anti-slavery Democrats, had many discordant elements, and some among the former group thought Sherman too conservative on the slavery question. Nevertheless, they supported him against the incumbent Democrat, William D. Lindsley. Democrats were defeated across Ohio that year, and Sherman was","title":"John Sherman"},{"psg_id":"10627419","text":"Oregon Constitutional Convention The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 drafted the Oregon Constitution in preparation for the Oregon Territory to become a U.S. state. Held from mid-August through September, 60 men met in Salem, Oregon, and created the foundation for Oregon's law. The proposal passed with a vote of 35 for adoption to 10 against. Oregon then became the 33rd state of the Union on February 14, 1859. In June 1846 the Oregon Question was decided with the United States gaining sole possession of all disputed land south of the 49th degree of latitude. Afterward, on August 14, 1848, the","title":"Oregon Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"4933969","text":"army that would be able to put down such insurrections. These and other issues greatly worried many of the Founders that the Union as it existed up to that point was in danger of breaking apart, and being subject to the persuasion of foreign powers. In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing","title":"Constitutional Convention (United States)"},{"psg_id":"15783371","text":"state. Constitutional conventions in Georgia were held after the Civil War in 1865 and 1867-1868. Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 The Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 was held for the purpose of constructing a constitution to respond to the newly formed Confederate States of America. It prohibited the legislature from making any law that would free slaves (Article II, Section VII). The convention enshrined the concept that the state should be sovereign in many matters. It met sporadically from January 16 to March 23, 1861 in Milledgeville. It voted to secede from the Union. It created the first new constitution","title":"Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861"},{"psg_id":"18336007","text":"Festival, Best Documentary of the 2010 Big Apple Film Festival, and Best Documentary of the 2010 Double Feature Film Festival. Future Releases Sherman has photographed for \"Town & Country Magazine\", \"Saveur\", \"Budget Travel\", \"Garden Design\", \"Metropolitan Home\", and \"Newsweek\". He photographed The Brisket Book: A Love Story with Recipes, by Stephanie Pierson, (Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC., 2011). Roger Sherman (filmmaker) Roger M. Sherman (born June 26, 1951) is an American filmmaker – a cinematographer, director, producer, still photographer, and author best known for his work in documentary cinema. He is a founder of Florentine Films. His most widely recognized documentaries","title":"Roger Sherman (filmmaker)"},{"psg_id":"16148297","text":"(Farrar & Rinehart), in which he proposed a second Constitutional Convention to streamline the Federal Government. In the late 1960s, Senator Everett Dirksen called for a constitutional convention by appealing to state legislatures to summon one. Three times in the 20th century, concerted efforts were undertaken by proponents of particular issues to secure the number of applications necessary to summon an Article V Convention. These included conventions to consider amendments to (1) provide for popular election of U.S. Senators; (2) permit the states to include factors other than equality of population in drawing state legislative district boundaries; and (3) to","title":"Second Constitutional Convention of the United States"},{"psg_id":"15481834","text":"Strike participants was instrumental in getting those charges dropped. Foster died on February 22, 1924 and was buried in Kensico Cemetery. Foster was married to Laura Pugh Moxley on 22 February 1921 in Plainfield, New Jersey. They had one daughter, Laura Alice. Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster (April 21, 1857 – February 22, 1924) was an American lawyer. He was instrumental in getting the charges against the Homestead Strike participants dropped. Foster was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dwight Foster and Henrietta Perkins Baldwin, daughter of Connecituct Governor and US Senator Roger Sherman","title":"Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster"},{"psg_id":"10627422","text":"William W. Bristow, Delazon Smith, and La Fayette Grover. The group also settled the debate over a disputed seat at the convention in favor of Perry B. Marple over F. G. Lockhart to represent Coos County. Thirty-four of the delegates were farmers, while 18 were lawyers, including the three justices of the Oregon Supreme Court. Two of the delegates were newspaper editors, five were miners, and another was a civil engineer. The main debates concerning a constitution revolved around slavery and the exclusion of Blacks, liquor laws, and what would be the boundaries of the new state. After meeting for","title":"Oregon Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"9405810","text":"Constitutional Convention (Philippines) A Constitutional Convention, is one of the three methods to amend the Constitution of the Philippines. The others are a People's Initiative or a Constituent Assembly. Article XVII, Section 3 of the Constitution says, \"The Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of all its Members, call a constitutional convention, or by a majority vote of all its Members, submit to the electorate the question of calling such a convention.\" The 1987 constitution does not specify how delegates to a Constitutional Convention should be chosen. For past conventions, the legislation calling for the convention specified how the","title":"Constitutional Convention (Philippines)"},{"psg_id":"19788431","text":"abolished and Virginia state government had the democratic form of Jacksonian America at last. Yet the Richmond Junto leadership of state's rights Democratic rule remained nearly as powerful as ever. The delegates to the Virginia Convention of 1850-1851 – elected on the fourth Thursday in August, 1850. (One hundred and thirty-five members, from each Delegate District Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 was an assembly of elected delegates chosen by the voters to write the fundamental law of Virginia. It is known as the Reform Convention because it liberalized Virginia political institutions. Following the 1830","title":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850"},{"psg_id":"2161521","text":"was also unrepresented. In the other five colonies ten delegates from each colony were elected by the people, although Western Australian attendance was sporadic. At Melbourne the convention finally produced a draft constitution which was eventually approved by the people at referendums in the colonies. The 1973 Constitutional Convention was established by the Whitlam government in 1973 to consider possible amendments to the Constitution which could be put to the people for approval at a referendum. The Convention, which was not elected but consisted of delegates chosen by the federal and state Parliaments, met through 1973–75 but was mired in","title":"Constitutional Convention (Australia)"},{"psg_id":"4933961","text":"York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington of Virginia, former commanding general of the Continental Army in the late American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) and proponent of a stronger national government, to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States, placing the Convention among the most significant events in American history. At the time, the convention was not referred to as a \"Constitutional\" convention, nor did most of the delegates arrive intending to draft a new constitution. Many assumed","title":"Constitutional Convention (United States)"},{"psg_id":"7228480","text":"a former Whig who had opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the Lecompton Constitution. Edward Everett had been president of Harvard University and Secretary of State in the Fillmore administration. The party platform advocated compromise to save the Union, with the slogan: \"The Union as it is, and the Constitution as it is.\" Everett was nominated by voice vote. 1860 Constitutional Union Convention The 1860 Constitutional Union National Convention met in Baltimore's Eastside District Courthouse, on May 9, 1860, one week before the 1860 Republican National Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln. The CU convention nominated John Bell of Tennessee for President","title":"1860 Constitutional Union Convention"},{"psg_id":"17134064","text":"by the state (defeated by 15 votes to 12), and whether there should be an increase in the royalties from phosphate mining (passed by 14 votes to 12 but later overturned by a vote of 18 to 8). On 29 January 1968 the Convention approved the new constitution unanimously. It provided for an 18-member Legislative Assembly with a three-year term. The Assembly would then appoint a five-member Council of State to exercise executive power. 1967 Nauruan Constitutional Convention election Elections for a Constitutional Convention were held in Nauru on 19 December 1967. The 36 members of the Convention met for","title":"1967 Nauruan Constitutional Convention election"},{"psg_id":"15582032","text":"a wide diversity of backgrounds, gathered at Old Parliament House in Canberra. Seventy-six of the delegates were elected by a voluntary postal ballot. The other seventy-six were appointed by the federal government. 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention The 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention was a Constitutional Convention which gathered at Old Parliament House, Canberra from 2 to 3 February 1998. It was called by the Howard Government to discuss whether Australia should become a republic. The convention concluded with \"in principle support\" for an Australian republic (with a dissenting minority voting for a continuation of the Australian constitutional monarchy) and proposed a","title":"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"16785887","text":"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780 The Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780 was the second constitutional convention held in Massachusetts to draft a new state constitution following the state's declaration of independence in 1776. The convention that drafted the proposed constitution was composed of delegates specifically elected for the purpose, unlike the previous year's convention, which had been composed of legislators. The convention's proposal was principally drafted by John Adams, and was published in early March 1780. After an extended process of ratification debates involving town meetings, the convention approved a modified version of the March proposal on June 15, 1780, although","title":"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780"},{"psg_id":"19788413","text":"(Ninety-six members, four from each Senatorial District Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 was a constitutional convention for the state of Virginia, held in Richmond from October 5, 1829 to January 15, 1830. Almost immediately, the Constitution of 1776 was recognized as flawed both for its restriction of the suffrage by property requirements, and for its malapportionment favoring the smaller eastern counties. Between 1801 and 1813, petitioners called on the Assembly to initiate a constitutional convention ten times. The House of Delegates passed a bill twice, but the conservative eastern planter majority in the Virginia","title":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830"},{"psg_id":"19788404","text":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 was a constitutional convention for the state of Virginia, held in Richmond from October 5, 1829 to January 15, 1830. Almost immediately, the Constitution of 1776 was recognized as flawed both for its restriction of the suffrage by property requirements, and for its malapportionment favoring the smaller eastern counties. Between 1801 and 1813, petitioners called on the Assembly to initiate a constitutional convention ten times. The House of Delegates passed a bill twice, but the conservative eastern planter majority in the Virginia Senate killed both measures. Continuing growth in","title":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830"},{"psg_id":"1452680","text":"Constitutional convention (political meeting) A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. Members of a constitutional convention (sometimes referred to as \"delegates\" to a constitutional convention) are often, though not necessarily or entirely, elected by popular vote. However, a wholly popularly-elected constitutional convention can also be referred to as a Constituent assembly. Examples of constitutional conventions to form or revise the constitution of a nation include: Constitutional conventions have also been used by constituent states of federations — such as the individual states of the United States — to","title":"Constitutional convention (political meeting)"},{"psg_id":"1896571","text":"payment of debts\" making these prohibitions absolute, instead of making the measures allowable (as in the XIII art) with the consent of the Legislature of the U.S. ... Mr. Sherman thought this a favorable crisis for crushing paper money. If the consent of the Legislature could authorize emissions of it, the friends of paper money would make every exertion to get into the Legislature in order to license it.\" In terms of the executive Sherman had very little interest in giving the executive much authority. Sherman suggested that no constitutional provision needed be made for the executive because it was","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"1896556","text":"began providing astronomical calculations for almanacs in 1759. Roger Sherman was married two times and had a total of fifteen children with thirteen reaching adulthood. Sherman married Elizabeth on November 17, 1749. She was born August 31, 1726, in Stoughton, her father was Deacon Joseph Hartwell (born August 11, 1698, died February 6, 1786) and her mother was Mary Hartwell (née Tolman), who was born on October 4, 1697, and died on November 10, 1782. They were married by Samuel Dunbar and had seven children. Elizabeth died on October 19, 1760. Sherman married Rebecca (also spelled Rebekah) Prescott on May","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"1716692","text":"there are often underlying enforcing principles that are themselves not formal and codified. Nonetheless it is very unlikely that there would be a departure of such conventions without good reason, even if an underlying enforcing principle has been overtaken by history, as these conventions also acquire the force of custom. Examples include: Constitutional convention (political custom) A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. In some states, notably those Commonwealth of Nations states that follow the Westminster system and whose political systems derive from British constitutional law, most government","title":"Constitutional convention (political custom)"},{"psg_id":"13298798","text":"this document is the only known copy of the 1838 Constitution. The original Constitution, signed by all the delegates, has never been found. The preamble to the Constitution of 1838: This is a list of delegates to the Florida Constitutional Convention held in St. Joseph, Florida, 1838—1839: Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 was convened on December 3, 1838 to fulfill the requirement for a United States territory being admitted to the union as a state. An act was passed by the Florida Territorial Council in 1838, and approved by Governor Richard Keith Call, calling for","title":"Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838"},{"psg_id":"1452681","text":"create, replace, or revise their own constitutions. Several U.S. states have held multiple conventions over the years to change their particular state's constitutions. Constitutional convention (political meeting) A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. Members of a constitutional convention (sometimes referred to as \"delegates\" to a constitutional convention) are often, though not necessarily or entirely, elected by popular vote. However, a wholly popularly-elected constitutional convention can also be referred to as a Constituent assembly. Examples of constitutional conventions to form or revise the constitution of a nation include:","title":"Constitutional convention (political meeting)"},{"psg_id":"14466267","text":"will be confined to music.\" Sherman completed five years' of study in four years, earning a bachelor's degree in 1894 while simultaneously completing the first year of law school. In 1894, Sherman was hired as the head football coach at the University of Iowa. One of Sherman's players, Michael L. McKinley, recalled: \"In 1894 the athletic committee made arrangements with Roger Sherman, a famous Michigan end, to coach the team for the fall season.\" Sherman coached the entire team at Iowa—line, ends and backs. He led the Hawkeyes to a 4–4–1 record in his one year as head coach. In","title":"Roger Sherman (American football)"},{"psg_id":"14466264","text":"Roger Sherman (American football) Roger Sherman (January 4, 1872 – January 20, 1957) was an American football player, coach and lawyer. He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1890 to 1893 and coached the University of Iowa football team in 1894. In late 1895, he was implicated in a series of articles by Caspar Whitney alleging that the schools of the Western Conference had been corrupted by \"professionalism\" involving the payment of money to athletes for their services in playing football. Sherman practiced law in Chicago, Illinois, and served as a master of chancery of the Superior","title":"Roger Sherman (American football)"},{"psg_id":"1995419","text":"of the existent Scottish Parliament, established in 1999. In December 2013, John McAllion, who participated in the convention as a Labour MP, claimed that it was \"self-appointed\", \"elitist\", and \"ultimately unrepresentative\" of Scottish society, and should not be a model for a future constitutional convention. Scottish Constitutional Convention The Scottish Constitutional Convention (SCC) was an association of Scottish political parties, churches and other civic groups, that developed a framework for a Scottish devolution. It is credited as having paved the way for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. The Convention has its roots in the Campaign for a","title":"Scottish Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"19788424","text":"Constitutional Convention to reform the Constitution of 1830. Although the Assembly complied, the planter Richmond Junto succeeded in extending the existing Assembly apportionment for the Convention representation. While the western counties held more than half of the white population, the eastern Piedmont and Tidewater sections held over sixty percent in the Virginia Senate. Most states reformed their earlier Constitutions to embrace white manhood suffrage and white population apportionment in state legislatures. Instead of the earlier colonial \"stake in society\", they placed a democratic faith in the people's ability to govern themselves in a democracy. But only in Virginia did the","title":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850"},{"psg_id":"15920851","text":"also discourages people from taking part in debating the issues of the day — worrying if not only their ideas, but they themselves as people, will be the subject of scorn\". The letter came after a number of statements and actions by the governor which made national attention, including the removal of a federally funded labor mural from the Department of Labor and telling the Maine NAACP to kiss his butt after criticism over not attending the traditional Martin Luther King, Jr. Day breakfast. Roger Sherman (politician) Roger L. Sherman is an American politician, farmer and schoolteacher from Hodgdon, Maine.","title":"Roger Sherman (politician)"},{"psg_id":"18335998","text":"Roger Sherman (filmmaker) Roger M. Sherman (born June 26, 1951) is an American filmmaker – a cinematographer, director, producer, still photographer, and author best known for his work in documentary cinema. He is a founder of Florentine Films. His most widely recognized documentaries are \"Alexander Calder\" (1998), \"Richard Rogers: The Sweetest Sounds\" (2001), \"Don't Divorce the Children\" (1989), \"Medal of Honor\" (2008), \"The Restaurateur\" (2010), \"Zapruder and Stolley: Witness to an Assassination\" (2011), his upcoming two-hour PBS special, \"The Search for Israeli Cuisine\", \"The Rhythm of My Soul\" (2006), and \"The American Brew\" (2007). His films have won an Emmy","title":"Roger Sherman (filmmaker)"},{"psg_id":"15582018","text":"to liberal democracy\". Kirby resigned from the organisation upon being appointed a judge of the High Court of Australia and did not participate in the Convention. ACM recruited Tony Abbott as its first full-time executive director, although his membership also ceased following pre-selection as a Liberal candidate for election to the Federal Parliament in March 1996. Kerry Jones was then appointed executive director of ACM in his place. She and Lloyd Waddy led ACM through the 1998 Constitutional Convention and the 1999 referendum. Don Chipp, founder of the Australian Democrats, was one of ACM's delegates at the Convention. Smaller republican","title":"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"2161522","text":"the partisan atmosphere of the Whitlam years and achieved nothing. The 1998 Constitutional Convention met in Canberra in February 1998. The Convention was convened by Prime Minister John Howard to fulfill a promise made by his predecessor as Liberal leader, Alexander Downer. During the Convention, Prime Minister John Howard dedicated an area of parkland to the south-east of Old Parliament House as Constitution Place, Canberra. The Convention consisted of 152 delegates, of whom half were elected by the people and half were appointed by the federal government. This latter group included senior federal, state and territory politicians appointed by virtue","title":"Constitutional Convention (Australia)"},{"psg_id":"13835101","text":"the Republican-controlled Congress wanted joint statehood of the two territories to eliminate the possibility of the territory joining the Union as a Democratic state. On June 16, 1906, President Roosevelt signed the Oklahoma Enabling Act, which ruled that the Indian and Oklahoma territories would be granted statehood only as a combined state. The convention succeeded in winning approval of a 35,000 word document that would govern the proposed state. It captured a Populist distrust of elected officials. It also assured that several residents of Indian Territory would serve in prominent positions both in the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention and in the","title":"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"19974556","text":"Constitutional Convention Bill The Constitutional Convention Bill was a bill introduced in the British House of Commons by Graham Allen MP on 22 July 2015 and never went past the first reading. The bill was also introduced in the House of Lords by Lord Purvis of Tweed and reached committee stage. Under the bill, the following would be established: The Constitutional Convention Bill was first mentioned of in the Labour Party Manifesto for the 2015 General Election. The driving factor behind the Bill was the fact that the Labour Party had been pushing constitutional reform, as well as the left-wing","title":"Constitutional Convention Bill"},{"psg_id":"9405811","text":"delegates would be chosen. In 1971, under an earlier constitution, Republic Act No. 6132 provided that delegates to a constitutional convention would be elected by the national legislative district, in a special election. The 1987 constitution specifies that any proposed amendments to the 1987 Constitution must by ratified by a majority of voters in a plebiscite. The process of amending or revising the 1987 Constitution has become known as Charter Change. There have been five constitutional conventions in Philippine history: Constitutional Convention (Philippines) A Constitutional Convention, is one of the three methods to amend the Constitution of the Philippines. The","title":"Constitutional Convention (Philippines)"},{"psg_id":"2764526","text":"Wessex Constitutional Convention The Wessex Constitutional Convention is an all-party pressure group, in the United Kingdom, devoted to pursuing a degree of self-government for Wessex. It has the following stated aims: The Convention was formed in Exeter, on 19 May 2001, in response to the perceived failure of the South West Constitutional Convention, meeting earlier that day, to allow genuine dialogue on the issue of regional boundaries. From then until the start of 2005 it published a quarterly newsletter, \"Wessex Voice\", and led the production of \"The Case for Wessex\", the joint response of the Wessex movement to the regional","title":"Wessex Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"19974558","text":"of convention members that must not be in any employment that could be considered political. Constitutional Convention Bill The Constitutional Convention Bill was a bill introduced in the British House of Commons by Graham Allen MP on 22 July 2015 and never went past the first reading. The bill was also introduced in the House of Lords by Lord Purvis of Tweed and reached committee stage. Under the bill, the following would be established: The Constitutional Convention Bill was first mentioned of in the Labour Party Manifesto for the 2015 General Election. The driving factor behind the Bill was the","title":"Constitutional Convention Bill"},{"psg_id":"2764528","text":"Wessex Bridge\". Wessex Constitutional Convention The Wessex Constitutional Convention is an all-party pressure group, in the United Kingdom, devoted to pursuing a degree of self-government for Wessex. It has the following stated aims: The Convention was formed in Exeter, on 19 May 2001, in response to the perceived failure of the South West Constitutional Convention, meeting earlier that day, to allow genuine dialogue on the issue of regional boundaries. From then until the start of 2005 it published a quarterly newsletter, \"Wessex Voice\", and led the production of \"The Case for Wessex\", the joint response of the Wessex movement to","title":"Wessex Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"4934041","text":"the Revolution, with at least 29 having served in the Continental forces, most in positions of command. All but two or three had served in colonial or state government during their careers. The vast majority (about 75%) of the delegates were or had been members of the Confederation Congress, and many had been members of the Continental Congress during the Revolution. Several had been state governors. Just two delegates, Roger Sherman and Robert Morris, would be signatories to all three of the nation's founding documents: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. More than half of","title":"Constitutional Convention (United States)"},{"psg_id":"4406480","text":"Constitution Convention Museum State Park Constitution Convention Museum State Park is a Florida State Park located just outside Port St. Joe, off US 98, in northwestern Florida. The park contains a museum with examples of 19th-century life in the former town of St. Joseph, and features life-sized figures with audio presentations about the state's first Constitutional Convention. The address is 200 Allen Memorial Way. Founded in 1835 and gone by 1844, St. Joseph is notable for being the site of the first Constitutional Convention of the state of Florida in 1838. It was selected over Tallahassee (at the time the","title":"Constitution Convention Museum State Park"},{"psg_id":"1896559","text":"were Thomas (10th generation), John (9th generation), and Thomas Sherman (8th generation). Sherman is especially notable in United States history for being the only person to sign all four great state papers of the United States, the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Association, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. Robert Morris, who did not sign the Articles of Association, signed the other three. John Dickinson also signed three, the Continental Association, the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He was involved with the Declaration of Independence but abstained, hoping for a reconciliation","title":"Roger Sherman"},{"psg_id":"2161524","text":"appointment model, 57 against and 22 abstained. Not one constitutional monarchist delegate voted in favour. The policy of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (ACM) and other monarchist groups was to oppose all republican models, including the minimalist McGarvie model. In response, John Howard stated to the Convention: A number of republicans who supported direct election abstained from the vote (such as Ted Mack, Phil Cleary, Clem Jones and Andrew Gunter), thereby allowing the bi-partisan model to succeed. They reasoned that the model would be defeated at a referendum, and a second referendum called with direct election as the model. Constitutional Convention","title":"Constitutional Convention (Australia)"},{"psg_id":"13835098","text":"in Washington, D.C., due to party politics, and failed to secure its goals. Although unsuccessful, the convention paved the way for the creation of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Five Civilized Tribes and other tribes in Indian territory were generally opposed to local and national efforts for statehood. As mandated by the 1898 Curtis Act, however, United States recognition of tribal governments were to end March 4, 1906, as part of a federal push toward assimilation of Native Americans. James A. Norman (Cherokee) promoted a constitutional convention to organize an American Indian state. In a 1904 pamphlet he suggested","title":"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"15582025","text":"each state has separate and individual constitutional links to the monarchy. Certain recommendations were made for a new Constitutional preamble which included introductory language along the lines of \"we the Australian people\", and referencing \"Almighty God\", custodianship and occupancy of Australia by Indigenous Australians; as well as affirmations of the law, cultural diversity, unique land and environment and democratic political system of Australia. The new Australian republic was to retain the name Commonwealth of Australia. The Convention recommended to the Prime Minister and Parliament of Australia that the model, and other related changes to the Constitution, supported by the convention,","title":"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention"},{"psg_id":"15783370","text":"Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 The Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 was held for the purpose of constructing a constitution to respond to the newly formed Confederate States of America. It prohibited the legislature from making any law that would free slaves (Article II, Section VII). The convention enshrined the concept that the state should be sovereign in many matters. It met sporadically from January 16 to March 23, 1861 in Milledgeville. It voted to secede from the Union. It created the first new constitution since 1798. Secession helped precipitate the Civil War thus significantly altering the history of the","title":"Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861"},{"psg_id":"19788504","text":"machine because the Governor appointed all three commissioners. Two years later the father of the State Corporation Commission became a corporate attorney for the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad. The delegates to the Virginia Convention of June 12, 1901 to June 26, 1902 were elected the fourth Thursday in May, 1901. (One hundred members, from House of Delegates districts.) Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902 was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to write the fundamental law of Virginia. The 1902 Constitution severely restricting suffrage among blacks and whites was proclaimed without submitting","title":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902"},{"psg_id":"19788480","text":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, Virginia's readmission to Congress and an end to Congressional Reconstruction. After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment before it","title":"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896563\",\n \"text\": \"university's treasurer for many years and promoting construction of a college chapel. Roger Sherman died in 1793. Roger Sherman was one of the most influential members of the Constitutional Convention. He is not well known for his actions at the Convention because he was a \\\"terse, ineloquent speaker\\\" who never kept a personal record of his experience, unlike other prominent figures at the convention such as James Madison, and at 66 years of age, Sherman was the second eldest member at the convention following Benjamin Franklin (who was 81 years old at the time). Yet as one of the most\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13835103\",\n \"text\": \"Tribes as vice-presidents of the convention: William Charles Rogers, Principal Chief of the Cherokees; William H. Murray, appointed by Chickasaw Governor Douglas H. Johnston to represent the Chickasaws; Chief Green McCurtain of the Choctaws; Chief John Brown of the Seminoles; and Charles N. Haskell, selected to represent the Muscogee people (as General Porter had been elected President). Sequoyah Constitutional Convention The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention was an American Indian-led attempt to secure statehood for Indian Territory as an Indian-controlled jurisdiction, separate from the Oklahoma Territory. The proposed state was to be called the State of Sequoyah. The convention drafted a constitution,\",\n \"title\": \"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896564\",\n \"text\": \"active members of the Convention, Sherman made motions or seconds in reference to the Virginia Plan 160 times. His opponent Madison made motions or seconds 177 times. Roger Sherman came into the Convention without the intention of creating a new constitution. Sherman, an original signer of the Articles of Confederation, saw the convention as a means to modify the already existing government. Part of his stance was concerned with the public appeal. He defended amending the articles declaring that it was in the best interest of the people and the most probable way the people would accept changes to a\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3193364\",\n \"text\": \"adoption of Hawaiian diacritical marks for official usage, use of Hawaiian names, etc. The Hawaiian language became the official state language of Hawaii for the first time since the overthrow. A major outgrowth of the constitutional convention was the launching of the political careers of men and women who would later dominate Hawaiian politics. Delegates to the convention included: 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention is considered the watershed political event in the modern State of Hawaii. The convention established term limits for state office holders, provided a requirement for an annual balanced budget, laid\",\n \"title\": \"1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896572\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"nothing more than an institution for carrying the will of the Legislature into effect\\\". Originally opposed to slavery due to his personal beliefs and puritan views, Sherman used the issue of slavery as a tool for negotiation and alliance. Sherman was of the opinion that slavery was already gradually being abolished and the trend was moving southward. Sherman saw that the issue of slavery could be one that threatened the success of the constitutional convention. Therefore, Sherman decided to help pass legislation to benefit slave states in order to obtain unlikely allies from South Carolina. The two forces joined together\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5481466\",\n \"text\": \"Hoar was offered, but declined, the magazine's editorship and recommended Palmer, who held the position through the 1940s. Roger Sherman Hoar Roger Sherman Hoar (April 8, 1887 – October 10, 1963) was an American state senator and assistant Attorney General, for the state of Massachusetts. He also wrote science fiction under the pseudonym of \\\"Ralph Milne Farley\\\". The Harvard-educated Hoar was the product of a New England family—the son of Sherman Hoar, grandson of former US Attorney General Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, great-grandson of Samuel Hoar, and great-great grandson of American founding father Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman Hoar\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5481462\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Sherman Hoar Roger Sherman Hoar (April 8, 1887 – October 10, 1963) was an American state senator and assistant Attorney General, for the state of Massachusetts. He also wrote science fiction under the pseudonym of \\\"Ralph Milne Farley\\\". The Harvard-educated Hoar was the product of a New England family—the son of Sherman Hoar, grandson of former US Attorney General Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, great-grandson of Samuel Hoar, and great-great grandson of American founding father Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Born in Waltham, Massachusetts, Hoar attended Phillips Exeter Academy. He then received his bachelor's degree from Harvard\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman Hoar\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3193363\",\n \"text\": \"1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention The 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention is considered the watershed political event in the modern State of Hawaii. The convention established term limits for state office holders, provided a requirement for an annual balanced budget, laid the groundwork for the return of federal land such as the island of Kahoolawe, and most importantly created the Office of Hawaiian Affairs in an effort to right the wrongs done towards native Hawaiians since the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893. The event also created an ambitious project of preservation of the Hawaiian culture including the\",\n \"title\": \"1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14466276\",\n \"text\": \"president of the Illinois State Bar Association (1923–1924). He continued in private practice for many years thereafter with the firm of Tenney, Sherman, Rogers & Guthrie. In his later years, Sherman lived at 213 Linden Street in Winnetka, Illinois. He also had a winter home in Pompano Beach, Florida. In 1957, Sherman died at age 85 at his winter home in Pompano Beach. He was survived by his wife, the former Grace Buttolph, and two daughters, Mrs. Philip M. Watrous and Mrs. Robert K. Vincent. Roger Sherman (American football) Roger Sherman (January 4, 1872 – January 20, 1957) was an\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9738437\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution to abolish slavery throughout the U.S. The convention also wrote a new constitution for the state, which remained in force until 1875. Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 The Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 was a constitutional convention held in the state of Missouri during the American Civil War. The convention was elected in early 1861, and voted against secession. When open fighting broke out between Pro-Confederate governor Claiborne Fox Jackson and Union authorities, and Union forces occupied the state capital, the convention formed a provisional state government, and functioned as a quasi-legislature for several years. The convention never did\",\n \"title\": \"Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9738423\",\n \"text\": \"Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 The Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863 was a constitutional convention held in the state of Missouri during the American Civil War. The convention was elected in early 1861, and voted against secession. When open fighting broke out between Pro-Confederate governor Claiborne Fox Jackson and Union authorities, and Union forces occupied the state capital, the convention formed a provisional state government, and functioned as a quasi-legislature for several years. The convention never did produce a new constitution; that task was delegated to a new convention, elected in 1864. Missouri has had four constitutions: The 1820 constitution\",\n \"title\": \"Missouri Constitutional Convention of 1861–1863\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10627428\",\n \"text\": \"the U.S. Senate did not pass legislation to bring Oregon into the Union until 1859, when Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14. The Oregon Constitution was not altered until 1902. Oregon Constitutional Convention The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 drafted the Oregon Constitution in preparation for the Oregon Territory to become a U.S. state. Held from mid-August through September, 60 men met in Salem, Oregon, and created the foundation for Oregon's law. The proposal passed with a vote of 35 for adoption to 10 against. Oregon then became the 33rd state of the Union on February 14, 1859.\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5453712\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Sherman Greene Roger Sherman Greene (December 14, 1840 – February, 17, 1930) was a United States lawyer, judge, politician and military officer. He was a descendant of many of the distinguished families of the Atlantic states. On the maternal side he was the great-grandson of Roger Sherman, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. His mother, Mary Evarts, was a daughter of Jeremiah Evarts and a sister of William M. Evarts, US Secretary of State, US Attorney General and a US Senator from New York. His father, David\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman Greene\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5587345\",\n \"text\": \"13 and 14)\\\". He uniformly declined all invitations for the delivery of public addresses. His correspondence and other private papers are deposited in the rooms of the County Historical Society in Fairfield. A copy of his portrait, painted by Jocelyn in 1840, belongs to the College, --the original still hanging in his mansion in Fairfield. Source: Roger Minott Sherman Papers Biographical Sketch \\\"(with paraphrasing)\\\". Roger Minott Sherman Roger Minott Sherman (May 22, 1773 – December 30, 1844) was the youngest of six children of Rev. Josiah Sherman \\\"(Princeton College\\\" - 1754), a brother of the distinguished Roger Sherman; and his\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Minott Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15582011\",\n \"text\": \"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention The 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention was a Constitutional Convention which gathered at Old Parliament House, Canberra from 2 to 3 February 1998. It was called by the Howard Government to discuss whether Australia should become a republic. The convention concluded with \\\"in principle support\\\" for an Australian republic (with a dissenting minority voting for a continuation of the Australian constitutional monarchy) and proposed a model involving appointment of the head of state by Parliament. The model was put to a referendum in November 1999 and rejected by the Australian electorate. Australia remains a constitutional monarchy under\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896568\",\n \"text\": \"in which both chambers had representation proportional to the population of the states, which was supported by the Virginia plan. The second was to modify the unicameral legislature that had equal representation from all of the states, which was supported by the New Jersey plan. Roger Sherman was a devout supporter of a unicameral legislature, but when he saw that goal as unattainable he motioned to compromise. In terms of modes of election \\\"Sherman moved to allow each state legislature to elect its own senators\\\". Additionally, in the house Sherman originally proposed that the suffrage of the House of Representatives\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5587335\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Minott Sherman Roger Minott Sherman (May 22, 1773 – December 30, 1844) was the youngest of six children of Rev. Josiah Sherman \\\"(Princeton College\\\" - 1754), a brother of the distinguished Roger Sherman; and his mother was Martha Minott, the daughter of James and Elizabeth (Merrick) Minott \\\"(who were the aunt and uncle of Roger Sherman's second wife Rebecca Minot Prescott)\\\" of Concord, Massachusetts. His eldest sister married the Reverend Justus Mitchell (Yale - 1776); great-grandparents of US Senator Chauncey Depew. By this even the son was thrown upon his own resources, except so far as his uncle, for\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Minott Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4934045\",\n \"text\": \"planned to strengthen the existing Articles of Confederation, not to write a constitution for a completely new national government. The 1989 film \\\"A More Perfect Union\\\", which portrays the events and discussions of the Constitutional Convention, was largely filmed in Independence Hall. Constitutional Convention (United States) The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia. Although\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5453720\",\n \"text\": \"born January 15, 1875, and Mary Rhoda, born July 27, 1876. Judge Greene is interred at Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park in Seattle, Washington. Jacob G. Ullery, compiler, \\\"Men of Vermont: An Illustrated Biographical History of Vermonters and Sons of Vermont\\\", (Transcript Publishing Company, Brattleboro, VT, 1894), Part III, p. 74. Roger Sherman Greene Roger Sherman Greene (December 14, 1840 – February, 17, 1930) was a United States lawyer, judge, politician and military officer. He was a descendant of many of the distinguished families of the Atlantic states. On the maternal side he was the great-grandson of Roger Sherman, one of\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman Greene\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896580\",\n \"text\": \"one of the founders of the Central Intelligence Agency, pioneering many methods of intelligence analysis. See Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis; and another Roger Sherman Hoar was a Massachusetts state senator and assistant Attorney General. Husband of his great-great-granddaughter Mabel Wellington White, Henry L. Stimson was Secretary of War under President Taft, Secretary of State under President Hoover, and Secretary of War under both Presidents Roosevelt and Truman. Stimson was the major decision-maker on the atomic bomb and both Presidents followed his advice about using it as the weapon that led to the ultimate end of World War II.\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1716682\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional convention (political custom) A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. In some states, notably those Commonwealth of Nations states that follow the Westminster system and whose political systems derive from British constitutional law, most government functions are guided by constitutional convention rather than by a formal written constitution. In these states, actual distribution of power may be markedly different from those the formal constitutional documents describe. In particular, the formal constitution often confers wide discretionary powers on the head of state that, in practice, are used only\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional convention (political custom)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13835102\",\n \"text\": \"forthcoming state that would ensue. The work of the Sequoyah State Constitutional Convention was not entirely lost. When representatives from Indian Territory joined the Oklahoma State Constitutional Convention in Guthrie the next year, they brought their experience with them. The Sequoyah Constitution served in large part as the basis for the constitution of the State of Oklahoma, which came into being with the merger of the two territories in 1907. General Pleasant Porter, Principal Chief of the Muscogee Creek Nation, was selected as president of the convention. The elected delegates decided to appoint the executive officers of the Five Civilized\",\n \"title\": \"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16785888\",\n \"text\": \"the vote to do so was not without some controversy. The new Massachusetts State Constitution then went into effect, and the convention on June 16 issued a call to elect a governor and General Court under its terms before it finally adjourned. The state constitution adopted by the convention provided no mechanisms for amendment other than the calling of another convention. This was changed by the next constitutional convention, held in 1820 after the separation of Maine from the state precipitated a constitutional crisis. That convention ratified the constitution's first nine amendments. Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780 The Constitutional Convention\",\n \"title\": \"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15920849\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Sherman (politician) Roger L. Sherman is an American politician, farmer and schoolteacher from Hodgdon, Maine. Sherman is a Republican member of the Maine House of Representatives from the 144th District in Aroostook County Sherman has served in the Maine Legislature since being elected to the House in 1998. Unable to seek re-election to the House in 2006, he was first elected to the Maine Senate in 2006. Unable to seek re-election to the Senate in 2014 because of term-limits again, Sherman was elected to the House instead. Sherman graduated with a B.A. from the now-defunct Ricker College in Houlton,\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4933960\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional Convention (United States) The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15237119\",\n \"text\": \"act within 60 days. Constitutional conventions were elected, but did not adopt a constitution, in 1964, 1971, 1977, and 1980. An Act was passed by the 25th Legislature of the Virgin Islands calling for a fifth constitutional convention, and 30 delegates to the convention were elected in the 2007 United States Virgin Islands Constitutional Convention election. The convention passed a proposed constitution in May 2009, and President of the Fifth Constitutional Convention Gerard Luz James submitted it to Virgin Islands Governor John P. de Jongh on June 1, 2009. According to James, the proposed constitution would not affect the Virgin\",\n \"title\": \"Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15481832\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster (April 21, 1857 – February 22, 1924) was an American lawyer. He was instrumental in getting the charges against the Homestead Strike participants dropped. Foster was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dwight Foster and Henrietta Perkins Baldwin, daughter of Connecituct Governor and US Senator Roger Sherman Baldwin, and the great-great grandson of Roger Sherman. He attended Boston Latin School and the University of Marburg (1873-1874). In 1878, he graduated from Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones, Psi Upsilon Fraternity, and Linonia. In 1880,\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16785858\",\n \"text\": \"convention in 1779, whose proposed constitution was accepted. Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778 The Constitutional Convention of 1778 was the first constitutional convention held in Massachusetts to draft a new state constitution following the state's declaration of independence in 1776. The convention that drafted the proposed constitution was composed of the elected members of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and the Governor's Council meeting as a single body. The document drafted by this convention was approved in February 1778, and submitted to the voters of the state for ratification, the first constitution to be submitted for such a vote. It was\",\n \"title\": \"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13835097\",\n \"text\": \"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention was an American Indian-led attempt to secure statehood for Indian Territory as an Indian-controlled jurisdiction, separate from the Oklahoma Territory. The proposed state was to be called the State of Sequoyah. The convention drafted a constitution, drew up a plan of organization for the government, put together a map showing the counties to be established, and elected delegates to go to the United States Congress to petition for statehood. The convention's proposals were put to a referendum in Indian Territory, and received overwhelming endorsement by voters. However, the delegation received a cool reception\",\n \"title\": \"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5909446\",\n \"text\": \"research and writing efforts. He dedicated one of his final volumes to Gertrude Schoepperle Loomis and Laura Hibbard Loomis \\\"in grateful and loving remembrance\\\" (\\\"The Grail: From Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol\\\" published by the University of Wales 1963; and later by Princeton University, in 1991). Roger Sherman Loomis Roger Sherman Loomis (October 31, 1887 – October 11, 1966) was an American scholar and one of the foremost authorities on medieval and Arthurian literature. Loomis is perhaps best known for showing the roots of Arthurian legend, in particular the Holy Grail, in native Celtic mythology. Roger Sherman Loomis was the\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman Loomis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16785857\",\n \"text\": \"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778 The Constitutional Convention of 1778 was the first constitutional convention held in Massachusetts to draft a new state constitution following the state's declaration of independence in 1776. The convention that drafted the proposed constitution was composed of the elected members of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and the Governor's Council meeting as a single body. The document drafted by this convention was approved in February 1778, and submitted to the voters of the state for ratification, the first constitution to be submitted for such a vote. It was soundly rejected by voters, leading to a second\",\n \"title\": \"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1778\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19734318\",\n \"text\": \"the New Left more generally, along with the growing Anti-War movement and prominent anti-war groups such as the Youth International Party and Students for a Democratic Society. These groups shared many goals, including putting an end to the Vietnam War and fighting police brutality in American cities. However, while these radical organizations and movements influenced one another's ideology, and often organized and protested together, their connections remained largely loose and informal and they did not represent a unified activist front. Forming unity and a singular agenda between these groups was the ultimate focus of the Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention. On\",\n \"title\": \"Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2161519\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional Convention (Australia) In Australian history, the term Constitutional Convention refers to four distinct gatherings. The 1891 Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Constitution for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand. There were 46 delegates at the Convention, chosen by the seven colonial parliaments. Among the delegates was Sir Henry Parkes, known as the \\\"Father of Federation\\\". The Convention approved a draft largely written by Andrew Inglis Clark and Samuel Griffith, but the colonial parliaments failed to act to give effect to it. The next constitutional convention\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16392931\",\n \"text\": \"essentially insignificant constitutional provisions\\\". Fintan O'Toole in June 2012 compared the Convention to the Citizens Union, a reformist political organisation which Tammany Hall did not bother suppressing so long as did not threaten its hegemony. Twenty NGOs produced an open letter calling for the Convention to examine human rights. In the debate on the July Dáil resolution, opposition politicians criticised the composition, agenda, and limited power of the proposed Convention. Later in July, the Patrick MacGill summer school in Glenties had a seminar with academics and politicians discussing the Convention. An \\\"Irish Times\\\" editorial called the Convention \\\"all form and\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (Ireland)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13298796\",\n \"text\": \"Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 was convened on December 3, 1838 to fulfill the requirement for a United States territory being admitted to the union as a state. An act was passed by the Florida Territorial Council in 1838, and approved by Governor Richard Keith Call, calling for the election of delegates in October 1838 to a convention to be held at St. Joseph, Florida. The delegates were to draft a constitution and bill of rights for the Territory of Florida. The Constitutional Convention convened with Robert R. Reid presiding as president and Joshua Knowles\",\n \"title\": \"Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17503967\",\n \"text\": \"expansion to territories held as free soil for three decades. Two months after the Act's passage, Sherman became a candidate for Ohio's 13th congressional district. A local convention nominated Sherman over two other candidates to represent what was then called the Opposition Party (later to become the Republican Party). The new party, a fusion of Free Soilers, Whigs, and anti-slavery Democrats, had many discordant elements, and some among the former group thought Sherman too conservative on the slavery question. Nevertheless, they supported him against the incumbent Democrat, William D. Lindsley. Democrats were defeated across Ohio that year, and Sherman was\",\n \"title\": \"John Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10627419\",\n \"text\": \"Oregon Constitutional Convention The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 drafted the Oregon Constitution in preparation for the Oregon Territory to become a U.S. state. Held from mid-August through September, 60 men met in Salem, Oregon, and created the foundation for Oregon's law. The proposal passed with a vote of 35 for adoption to 10 against. Oregon then became the 33rd state of the Union on February 14, 1859. In June 1846 the Oregon Question was decided with the United States gaining sole possession of all disputed land south of the 49th degree of latitude. Afterward, on August 14, 1848, the\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4933969\",\n \"text\": \"army that would be able to put down such insurrections. These and other issues greatly worried many of the Founders that the Union as it existed up to that point was in danger of breaking apart, and being subject to the persuasion of foreign powers. In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15783371\",\n \"text\": \"state. Constitutional conventions in Georgia were held after the Civil War in 1865 and 1867-1868. Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 The Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 was held for the purpose of constructing a constitution to respond to the newly formed Confederate States of America. It prohibited the legislature from making any law that would free slaves (Article II, Section VII). The convention enshrined the concept that the state should be sovereign in many matters. It met sporadically from January 16 to March 23, 1861 in Milledgeville. It voted to secede from the Union. It created the first new constitution\",\n \"title\": \"Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18336007\",\n \"text\": \"Festival, Best Documentary of the 2010 Big Apple Film Festival, and Best Documentary of the 2010 Double Feature Film Festival. Future Releases Sherman has photographed for \\\"Town & Country Magazine\\\", \\\"Saveur\\\", \\\"Budget Travel\\\", \\\"Garden Design\\\", \\\"Metropolitan Home\\\", and \\\"Newsweek\\\". He photographed The Brisket Book: A Love Story with Recipes, by Stephanie Pierson, (Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC., 2011). Roger Sherman (filmmaker) Roger M. Sherman (born June 26, 1951) is an American filmmaker – a cinematographer, director, producer, still photographer, and author best known for his work in documentary cinema. He is a founder of Florentine Films. His most widely recognized documentaries\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman (filmmaker)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16148297\",\n \"text\": \"(Farrar & Rinehart), in which he proposed a second Constitutional Convention to streamline the Federal Government. In the late 1960s, Senator Everett Dirksen called for a constitutional convention by appealing to state legislatures to summon one. Three times in the 20th century, concerted efforts were undertaken by proponents of particular issues to secure the number of applications necessary to summon an Article V Convention. These included conventions to consider amendments to (1) provide for popular election of U.S. Senators; (2) permit the states to include factors other than equality of population in drawing state legislative district boundaries; and (3) to\",\n \"title\": \"Second Constitutional Convention of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15481834\",\n \"text\": \"Strike participants was instrumental in getting those charges dropped. Foster died on February 22, 1924 and was buried in Kensico Cemetery. Foster was married to Laura Pugh Moxley on 22 February 1921 in Plainfield, New Jersey. They had one daughter, Laura Alice. Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster (April 21, 1857 – February 22, 1924) was an American lawyer. He was instrumental in getting the charges against the Homestead Strike participants dropped. Foster was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dwight Foster and Henrietta Perkins Baldwin, daughter of Connecituct Governor and US Senator Roger Sherman\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman Baldwin Foster\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10627422\",\n \"text\": \"William W. Bristow, Delazon Smith, and La Fayette Grover. The group also settled the debate over a disputed seat at the convention in favor of Perry B. Marple over F. G. Lockhart to represent Coos County. Thirty-four of the delegates were farmers, while 18 were lawyers, including the three justices of the Oregon Supreme Court. Two of the delegates were newspaper editors, five were miners, and another was a civil engineer. The main debates concerning a constitution revolved around slavery and the exclusion of Blacks, liquor laws, and what would be the boundaries of the new state. After meeting for\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9405810\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional Convention (Philippines) A Constitutional Convention, is one of the three methods to amend the Constitution of the Philippines. The others are a People's Initiative or a Constituent Assembly. Article XVII, Section 3 of the Constitution says, \\\"The Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of all its Members, call a constitutional convention, or by a majority vote of all its Members, submit to the electorate the question of calling such a convention.\\\" The 1987 constitution does not specify how delegates to a Constitutional Convention should be chosen. For past conventions, the legislation calling for the convention specified how the\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (Philippines)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19788431\",\n \"text\": \"abolished and Virginia state government had the democratic form of Jacksonian America at last. Yet the Richmond Junto leadership of state's rights Democratic rule remained nearly as powerful as ever. The delegates to the Virginia Convention of 1850-1851 – elected on the fourth Thursday in August, 1850. (One hundred and thirty-five members, from each Delegate District Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 was an assembly of elected delegates chosen by the voters to write the fundamental law of Virginia. It is known as the Reform Convention because it liberalized Virginia political institutions. Following the 1830\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2161521\",\n \"text\": \"was also unrepresented. In the other five colonies ten delegates from each colony were elected by the people, although Western Australian attendance was sporadic. At Melbourne the convention finally produced a draft constitution which was eventually approved by the people at referendums in the colonies. The 1973 Constitutional Convention was established by the Whitlam government in 1973 to consider possible amendments to the Constitution which could be put to the people for approval at a referendum. The Convention, which was not elected but consisted of delegates chosen by the federal and state Parliaments, met through 1973–75 but was mired in\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4933961\",\n \"text\": \"York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington of Virginia, former commanding general of the Continental Army in the late American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) and proponent of a stronger national government, to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States, placing the Convention among the most significant events in American history. At the time, the convention was not referred to as a \\\"Constitutional\\\" convention, nor did most of the delegates arrive intending to draft a new constitution. Many assumed\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7228480\",\n \"text\": \"a former Whig who had opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the Lecompton Constitution. Edward Everett had been president of Harvard University and Secretary of State in the Fillmore administration. The party platform advocated compromise to save the Union, with the slogan: \\\"The Union as it is, and the Constitution as it is.\\\" Everett was nominated by voice vote. 1860 Constitutional Union Convention The 1860 Constitutional Union National Convention met in Baltimore's Eastside District Courthouse, on May 9, 1860, one week before the 1860 Republican National Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln. The CU convention nominated John Bell of Tennessee for President\",\n \"title\": \"1860 Constitutional Union Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17134064\",\n \"text\": \"by the state (defeated by 15 votes to 12), and whether there should be an increase in the royalties from phosphate mining (passed by 14 votes to 12 but later overturned by a vote of 18 to 8). On 29 January 1968 the Convention approved the new constitution unanimously. It provided for an 18-member Legislative Assembly with a three-year term. The Assembly would then appoint a five-member Council of State to exercise executive power. 1967 Nauruan Constitutional Convention election Elections for a Constitutional Convention were held in Nauru on 19 December 1967. The 36 members of the Convention met for\",\n \"title\": \"1967 Nauruan Constitutional Convention election\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15582032\",\n \"text\": \"a wide diversity of backgrounds, gathered at Old Parliament House in Canberra. Seventy-six of the delegates were elected by a voluntary postal ballot. The other seventy-six were appointed by the federal government. 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention The 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention was a Constitutional Convention which gathered at Old Parliament House, Canberra from 2 to 3 February 1998. It was called by the Howard Government to discuss whether Australia should become a republic. The convention concluded with \\\"in principle support\\\" for an Australian republic (with a dissenting minority voting for a continuation of the Australian constitutional monarchy) and proposed a\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16785887\",\n \"text\": \"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780 The Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780 was the second constitutional convention held in Massachusetts to draft a new state constitution following the state's declaration of independence in 1776. The convention that drafted the proposed constitution was composed of delegates specifically elected for the purpose, unlike the previous year's convention, which had been composed of legislators. The convention's proposal was principally drafted by John Adams, and was published in early March 1780. After an extended process of ratification debates involving town meetings, the convention approved a modified version of the March proposal on June 15, 1780, although\",\n \"title\": \"Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19788413\",\n \"text\": \"(Ninety-six members, four from each Senatorial District Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 was a constitutional convention for the state of Virginia, held in Richmond from October 5, 1829 to January 15, 1830. Almost immediately, the Constitution of 1776 was recognized as flawed both for its restriction of the suffrage by property requirements, and for its malapportionment favoring the smaller eastern counties. Between 1801 and 1813, petitioners called on the Assembly to initiate a constitutional convention ten times. The House of Delegates passed a bill twice, but the conservative eastern planter majority in the Virginia\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19788404\",\n \"text\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 was a constitutional convention for the state of Virginia, held in Richmond from October 5, 1829 to January 15, 1830. Almost immediately, the Constitution of 1776 was recognized as flawed both for its restriction of the suffrage by property requirements, and for its malapportionment favoring the smaller eastern counties. Between 1801 and 1813, petitioners called on the Assembly to initiate a constitutional convention ten times. The House of Delegates passed a bill twice, but the conservative eastern planter majority in the Virginia Senate killed both measures. Continuing growth in\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1452680\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional convention (political meeting) A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. Members of a constitutional convention (sometimes referred to as \\\"delegates\\\" to a constitutional convention) are often, though not necessarily or entirely, elected by popular vote. However, a wholly popularly-elected constitutional convention can also be referred to as a Constituent assembly. Examples of constitutional conventions to form or revise the constitution of a nation include: Constitutional conventions have also been used by constituent states of federations — such as the individual states of the United States — to\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional convention (political meeting)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896571\",\n \"text\": \"payment of debts\\\" making these prohibitions absolute, instead of making the measures allowable (as in the XIII art) with the consent of the Legislature of the U.S. ... Mr. Sherman thought this a favorable crisis for crushing paper money. If the consent of the Legislature could authorize emissions of it, the friends of paper money would make every exertion to get into the Legislature in order to license it.\\\" In terms of the executive Sherman had very little interest in giving the executive much authority. Sherman suggested that no constitutional provision needed be made for the executive because it was\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896556\",\n \"text\": \"began providing astronomical calculations for almanacs in 1759. Roger Sherman was married two times and had a total of fifteen children with thirteen reaching adulthood. Sherman married Elizabeth on November 17, 1749. She was born August 31, 1726, in Stoughton, her father was Deacon Joseph Hartwell (born August 11, 1698, died February 6, 1786) and her mother was Mary Hartwell (née Tolman), who was born on October 4, 1697, and died on November 10, 1782. They were married by Samuel Dunbar and had seven children. Elizabeth died on October 19, 1760. Sherman married Rebecca (also spelled Rebekah) Prescott on May\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1716692\",\n \"text\": \"there are often underlying enforcing principles that are themselves not formal and codified. Nonetheless it is very unlikely that there would be a departure of such conventions without good reason, even if an underlying enforcing principle has been overtaken by history, as these conventions also acquire the force of custom. Examples include: Constitutional convention (political custom) A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. In some states, notably those Commonwealth of Nations states that follow the Westminster system and whose political systems derive from British constitutional law, most government\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional convention (political custom)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13298798\",\n \"text\": \"this document is the only known copy of the 1838 Constitution. The original Constitution, signed by all the delegates, has never been found. The preamble to the Constitution of 1838: This is a list of delegates to the Florida Constitutional Convention held in St. Joseph, Florida, 1838—1839: Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838 was convened on December 3, 1838 to fulfill the requirement for a United States territory being admitted to the union as a state. An act was passed by the Florida Territorial Council in 1838, and approved by Governor Richard Keith Call, calling for\",\n \"title\": \"Florida Constitutional Convention of 1838\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1452681\",\n \"text\": \"create, replace, or revise their own constitutions. Several U.S. states have held multiple conventions over the years to change their particular state's constitutions. Constitutional convention (political meeting) A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. Members of a constitutional convention (sometimes referred to as \\\"delegates\\\" to a constitutional convention) are often, though not necessarily or entirely, elected by popular vote. However, a wholly popularly-elected constitutional convention can also be referred to as a Constituent assembly. Examples of constitutional conventions to form or revise the constitution of a nation include:\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional convention (political meeting)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14466267\",\n \"text\": \"will be confined to music.\\\" Sherman completed five years' of study in four years, earning a bachelor's degree in 1894 while simultaneously completing the first year of law school. In 1894, Sherman was hired as the head football coach at the University of Iowa. One of Sherman's players, Michael L. McKinley, recalled: \\\"In 1894 the athletic committee made arrangements with Roger Sherman, a famous Michigan end, to coach the team for the fall season.\\\" Sherman coached the entire team at Iowa—line, ends and backs. He led the Hawkeyes to a 4–4–1 record in his one year as head coach. In\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14466264\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Sherman (American football) Roger Sherman (January 4, 1872 – January 20, 1957) was an American football player, coach and lawyer. He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1890 to 1893 and coached the University of Iowa football team in 1894. In late 1895, he was implicated in a series of articles by Caspar Whitney alleging that the schools of the Western Conference had been corrupted by \\\"professionalism\\\" involving the payment of money to athletes for their services in playing football. Sherman practiced law in Chicago, Illinois, and served as a master of chancery of the Superior\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1995419\",\n \"text\": \"of the existent Scottish Parliament, established in 1999. In December 2013, John McAllion, who participated in the convention as a Labour MP, claimed that it was \\\"self-appointed\\\", \\\"elitist\\\", and \\\"ultimately unrepresentative\\\" of Scottish society, and should not be a model for a future constitutional convention. Scottish Constitutional Convention The Scottish Constitutional Convention (SCC) was an association of Scottish political parties, churches and other civic groups, that developed a framework for a Scottish devolution. It is credited as having paved the way for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. The Convention has its roots in the Campaign for a\",\n \"title\": \"Scottish Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19788424\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional Convention to reform the Constitution of 1830. Although the Assembly complied, the planter Richmond Junto succeeded in extending the existing Assembly apportionment for the Convention representation. While the western counties held more than half of the white population, the eastern Piedmont and Tidewater sections held over sixty percent in the Virginia Senate. Most states reformed their earlier Constitutions to embrace white manhood suffrage and white population apportionment in state legislatures. Instead of the earlier colonial \\\"stake in society\\\", they placed a democratic faith in the people's ability to govern themselves in a democracy. But only in Virginia did the\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15920851\",\n \"text\": \"also discourages people from taking part in debating the issues of the day — worrying if not only their ideas, but they themselves as people, will be the subject of scorn\\\". The letter came after a number of statements and actions by the governor which made national attention, including the removal of a federally funded labor mural from the Department of Labor and telling the Maine NAACP to kiss his butt after criticism over not attending the traditional Martin Luther King, Jr. Day breakfast. Roger Sherman (politician) Roger L. Sherman is an American politician, farmer and schoolteacher from Hodgdon, Maine.\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18335998\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Sherman (filmmaker) Roger M. Sherman (born June 26, 1951) is an American filmmaker – a cinematographer, director, producer, still photographer, and author best known for his work in documentary cinema. He is a founder of Florentine Films. His most widely recognized documentaries are \\\"Alexander Calder\\\" (1998), \\\"Richard Rogers: The Sweetest Sounds\\\" (2001), \\\"Don't Divorce the Children\\\" (1989), \\\"Medal of Honor\\\" (2008), \\\"The Restaurateur\\\" (2010), \\\"Zapruder and Stolley: Witness to an Assassination\\\" (2011), his upcoming two-hour PBS special, \\\"The Search for Israeli Cuisine\\\", \\\"The Rhythm of My Soul\\\" (2006), and \\\"The American Brew\\\" (2007). His films have won an Emmy\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman (filmmaker)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15582018\",\n \"text\": \"to liberal democracy\\\". Kirby resigned from the organisation upon being appointed a judge of the High Court of Australia and did not participate in the Convention. ACM recruited Tony Abbott as its first full-time executive director, although his membership also ceased following pre-selection as a Liberal candidate for election to the Federal Parliament in March 1996. Kerry Jones was then appointed executive director of ACM in his place. She and Lloyd Waddy led ACM through the 1998 Constitutional Convention and the 1999 referendum. Don Chipp, founder of the Australian Democrats, was one of ACM's delegates at the Convention. Smaller republican\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2161522\",\n \"text\": \"the partisan atmosphere of the Whitlam years and achieved nothing. The 1998 Constitutional Convention met in Canberra in February 1998. The Convention was convened by Prime Minister John Howard to fulfill a promise made by his predecessor as Liberal leader, Alexander Downer. During the Convention, Prime Minister John Howard dedicated an area of parkland to the south-east of Old Parliament House as Constitution Place, Canberra. The Convention consisted of 152 delegates, of whom half were elected by the people and half were appointed by the federal government. This latter group included senior federal, state and territory politicians appointed by virtue\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13835101\",\n \"text\": \"the Republican-controlled Congress wanted joint statehood of the two territories to eliminate the possibility of the territory joining the Union as a Democratic state. On June 16, 1906, President Roosevelt signed the Oklahoma Enabling Act, which ruled that the Indian and Oklahoma territories would be granted statehood only as a combined state. The convention succeeded in winning approval of a 35,000 word document that would govern the proposed state. It captured a Populist distrust of elected officials. It also assured that several residents of Indian Territory would serve in prominent positions both in the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention and in the\",\n \"title\": \"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19974556\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional Convention Bill The Constitutional Convention Bill was a bill introduced in the British House of Commons by Graham Allen MP on 22 July 2015 and never went past the first reading. The bill was also introduced in the House of Lords by Lord Purvis of Tweed and reached committee stage. Under the bill, the following would be established: The Constitutional Convention Bill was first mentioned of in the Labour Party Manifesto for the 2015 General Election. The driving factor behind the Bill was the fact that the Labour Party had been pushing constitutional reform, as well as the left-wing\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention Bill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9405811\",\n \"text\": \"delegates would be chosen. In 1971, under an earlier constitution, Republic Act No. 6132 provided that delegates to a constitutional convention would be elected by the national legislative district, in a special election. The 1987 constitution specifies that any proposed amendments to the 1987 Constitution must by ratified by a majority of voters in a plebiscite. The process of amending or revising the 1987 Constitution has become known as Charter Change. There have been five constitutional conventions in Philippine history: Constitutional Convention (Philippines) A Constitutional Convention, is one of the three methods to amend the Constitution of the Philippines. The\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (Philippines)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2764526\",\n \"text\": \"Wessex Constitutional Convention The Wessex Constitutional Convention is an all-party pressure group, in the United Kingdom, devoted to pursuing a degree of self-government for Wessex. It has the following stated aims: The Convention was formed in Exeter, on 19 May 2001, in response to the perceived failure of the South West Constitutional Convention, meeting earlier that day, to allow genuine dialogue on the issue of regional boundaries. From then until the start of 2005 it published a quarterly newsletter, \\\"Wessex Voice\\\", and led the production of \\\"The Case for Wessex\\\", the joint response of the Wessex movement to the regional\",\n \"title\": \"Wessex Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19974558\",\n \"text\": \"of convention members that must not be in any employment that could be considered political. Constitutional Convention Bill The Constitutional Convention Bill was a bill introduced in the British House of Commons by Graham Allen MP on 22 July 2015 and never went past the first reading. The bill was also introduced in the House of Lords by Lord Purvis of Tweed and reached committee stage. Under the bill, the following would be established: The Constitutional Convention Bill was first mentioned of in the Labour Party Manifesto for the 2015 General Election. The driving factor behind the Bill was the\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention Bill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2764528\",\n \"text\": \"Wessex Bridge\\\". Wessex Constitutional Convention The Wessex Constitutional Convention is an all-party pressure group, in the United Kingdom, devoted to pursuing a degree of self-government for Wessex. It has the following stated aims: The Convention was formed in Exeter, on 19 May 2001, in response to the perceived failure of the South West Constitutional Convention, meeting earlier that day, to allow genuine dialogue on the issue of regional boundaries. From then until the start of 2005 it published a quarterly newsletter, \\\"Wessex Voice\\\", and led the production of \\\"The Case for Wessex\\\", the joint response of the Wessex movement to\",\n \"title\": \"Wessex Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4934041\",\n \"text\": \"the Revolution, with at least 29 having served in the Continental forces, most in positions of command. All but two or three had served in colonial or state government during their careers. The vast majority (about 75%) of the delegates were or had been members of the Confederation Congress, and many had been members of the Continental Congress during the Revolution. Several had been state governors. Just two delegates, Roger Sherman and Robert Morris, would be signatories to all three of the nation's founding documents: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. More than half of\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4406480\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution Convention Museum State Park Constitution Convention Museum State Park is a Florida State Park located just outside Port St. Joe, off US 98, in northwestern Florida. The park contains a museum with examples of 19th-century life in the former town of St. Joseph, and features life-sized figures with audio presentations about the state's first Constitutional Convention. The address is 200 Allen Memorial Way. Founded in 1835 and gone by 1844, St. Joseph is notable for being the site of the first Constitutional Convention of the state of Florida in 1838. It was selected over Tallahassee (at the time the\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution Convention Museum State Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1896559\",\n \"text\": \"were Thomas (10th generation), John (9th generation), and Thomas Sherman (8th generation). Sherman is especially notable in United States history for being the only person to sign all four great state papers of the United States, the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Association, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. Robert Morris, who did not sign the Articles of Association, signed the other three. John Dickinson also signed three, the Continental Association, the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He was involved with the Declaration of Independence but abstained, hoping for a reconciliation\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Sherman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2161524\",\n \"text\": \"appointment model, 57 against and 22 abstained. Not one constitutional monarchist delegate voted in favour. The policy of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (ACM) and other monarchist groups was to oppose all republican models, including the minimalist McGarvie model. In response, John Howard stated to the Convention: A number of republicans who supported direct election abstained from the vote (such as Ted Mack, Phil Cleary, Clem Jones and Andrew Gunter), thereby allowing the bi-partisan model to succeed. They reasoned that the model would be defeated at a referendum, and a second referendum called with direct election as the model. Constitutional Convention\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13835098\",\n \"text\": \"in Washington, D.C., due to party politics, and failed to secure its goals. Although unsuccessful, the convention paved the way for the creation of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Five Civilized Tribes and other tribes in Indian territory were generally opposed to local and national efforts for statehood. As mandated by the 1898 Curtis Act, however, United States recognition of tribal governments were to end March 4, 1906, as part of a federal push toward assimilation of Native Americans. James A. Norman (Cherokee) promoted a constitutional convention to organize an American Indian state. In a 1904 pamphlet he suggested\",\n \"title\": \"Sequoyah Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15582025\",\n \"text\": \"each state has separate and individual constitutional links to the monarchy. Certain recommendations were made for a new Constitutional preamble which included introductory language along the lines of \\\"we the Australian people\\\", and referencing \\\"Almighty God\\\", custodianship and occupancy of Australia by Indigenous Australians; as well as affirmations of the law, cultural diversity, unique land and environment and democratic political system of Australia. The new Australian republic was to retain the name Commonwealth of Australia. The Convention recommended to the Prime Minister and Parliament of Australia that the model, and other related changes to the Constitution, supported by the convention,\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15783370\",\n \"text\": \"Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 The Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 was held for the purpose of constructing a constitution to respond to the newly formed Confederate States of America. It prohibited the legislature from making any law that would free slaves (Article II, Section VII). The convention enshrined the concept that the state should be sovereign in many matters. It met sporadically from January 16 to March 23, 1861 in Milledgeville. It voted to secede from the Union. It created the first new constitution since 1798. Secession helped precipitate the Civil War thus significantly altering the history of the\",\n \"title\": \"Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19788504\",\n \"text\": \"machine because the Governor appointed all three commissioners. Two years later the father of the State Corporation Commission became a corporate attorney for the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad. The delegates to the Virginia Convention of June 12, 1901 to June 26, 1902 were elected the fourth Thursday in May, 1901. (One hundred members, from House of Delegates districts.) Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902 was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to write the fundamental law of Virginia. The 1902 Constitution severely restricting suffrage among blacks and whites was proclaimed without submitting\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19788480\",\n \"text\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868 The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, Virginia's readmission to Congress and an end to Congressional Reconstruction. After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment before it\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["connecticut"],"string":"[\n \"connecticut\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1199,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what county is bradenton fl located in?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1033417","text":"several sports, and Manatee County high schools produce several teams including Manatee High School whose football team was nationally ranked in the 1950s, 1980s, and 1990s and regained their national status in 2009. Manatee High School has won five football state championships. The Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy is also located in Bradenton. Bradenton is also home to the IMG Academy, the home of the U.S U-17 residential soccer program. Bradenton, Florida Bradenton ( ) is a city in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's 2016 population to be 54,437. Bradenton is a principal city","title":"Bradenton, Florida"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1033417\",\n \"text\": \"several sports, and Manatee County high schools produce several teams including Manatee High School whose football team was nationally ranked in the 1950s, 1980s, and 1990s and regained their national status in 2009. Manatee High School has won five football state championships. The Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy is also located in Bradenton. Bradenton is also home to the IMG Academy, the home of the U.S U-17 residential soccer program. Bradenton, Florida Bradenton ( ) is a city in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's 2016 population to be 54,437. Bradenton is a principal city\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton, Florida\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"18503145","text":"in Sarasota/Bradenton, FL. During the Juice's lone season, pitcher Brian Gartley went 10-3 with 96 strikeouts to win the Most Outstanding Pitcher award. On March 31, 2008, the League office issued an announcement that it was suspending operations as of April 1, citing an inability to close on a large amount of debt. While the statement claimed that it planned to resume operations in 2009, however the league never returned. The Juice dissolved with the league, as a result. Bradenton Juice The Bradenton Juice were a short-lived minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida in 2007. The team's name","title":"Bradenton Juice"},{"psg_id":"20668791","text":"Bradenton Riverwalk Bradenton Riverwalk (known locally as the Riverwalk) is a public green space located along the Manatee River in Bradenton, Florida, between Business US 41 and South Tamiami Trail (US 301 / US 41 concurrently). The park opened to the public on October 18, 2012 and features a skatepark, 400-seat amphitheater, playgrounds, and a splash pad. The area is maintained by the city of Bradenton and the nonprofit organization Realize Bradenton. In the 1960s Bradenton dredged the Manatee River for silt, to add of land adjacent to downtown. The area was dubbed \"The Sand Pile\" due to the river","title":"Bradenton Riverwalk"},{"psg_id":"20668795","text":"extension of the Bradenton Riverwalk. The eastern extension will extend the Riverwalk east to Manatee Mineral Springs Park and Manatee Village Historical Park. Kimley-Horn is coordinating with Realize Bradenton to gather public input for the eastern extension. The city also bought of land north of Manatee Mineral Springs Park for $700,000 to expand the existing park and to ensure interconnectivity with the eastern expansion of the Riverwalk. Bradenton Riverwalk Bradenton Riverwalk (known locally as the Riverwalk) is a public green space located along the Manatee River in Bradenton, Florida, between Business US 41 and South Tamiami Trail (US 301 /","title":"Bradenton Riverwalk"},{"psg_id":"1033403","text":"of Dr. Joseph Braden, whose nearby fort-like house was a refuge for early settlers during Seminole Indian attacks. The current city of Bradenton was formed in 1943, when the Florida legislature merged the cities of Manatee (incorporated in 1888) and Bradentown. Historic properties in Bradenton include: According to the United States Census Bureau, Bradenton has a total area of , of which is land and (16.14%) is water. Bradenton is located on US 41 between Tampa and Sarasota. The area is surrounded by waterways, both fresh and saltwater. Along the Gulf of Mexico and into Tampa Bay are over of","title":"Bradenton, Florida"},{"psg_id":"1033411","text":"Transit (MCAT) buses serve Bradenton along with the cities/communities of Palmetto, Ellenton, Anna Maria, Holmes Beach, Bradenton Beach, Longboat Key, Tallevast and Samoset, with transfers to Sarasota and St.Petersburg. Free trolleys run north-south on Anna Maria Island, as well as to/from various points on the mainland. Amtrak charter buses run through downtown Bradenton outside the courthouse to Tampa Union Station and Venice. The City is governed by a City Council with five members, from which is selected the City's Vice Mayor. The Mayor is elected at-large, as are all five council members. Bradenton is located in the . It also","title":"Bradenton, Florida"},{"psg_id":"11468482","text":"Pirates took over the Sarasota Reds, while the Reds became the parent club of the Pirates' former Class A-Advanced affiliate, the Lynchburg Hillcats of the Carolina League. On November 10, 2009, baseball officials voted to allow the Pirates to purchase and uproot the Sarasota Reds. The Pirates moved the team to Bradenton, where they were renamed the Bradenton Marauders. The Marauders became the first Florida State League team located in Bradenton since the Bradenton Growers folded in 1926. The Marauders are also the Pirates' first affiliate in the Florida State League since the Leesburg Pirates ended play in 1948. On","title":"Bradenton Marauders"},{"psg_id":"15758250","text":"created the \"Downtown Ambassadors\" program, consisting of volunteers who guide and inform visitors about the city's Riverwalk, McKechnie Field, Village of the Arts and other attractions. The program boasts more than 100 volunteers who assist with events and the promotion of the downtown area. Realize Bradenton was recognized with the American Planning Association's \"Outstanding Public Interest Group of the Year\" award for their efforts to improve the vitality, prosperity and success of the Bradenton community. At the time, Kathie Ebaugh, principal planner for Lee County Department of Community Development, was quoted as saying \"Realize Bradenton is the kind of community","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"18503144","text":"Bradenton Juice The Bradenton Juice were a short-lived minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida in 2007. The team's name came from a \"Name the Team\" contest that included over 100 suggestions for the ball club. The club played in the South Coast League. The Juice's home game were held at Robert C. Wynn Baseball Field, which is located on the campus of Manatee Community College, now State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota. However the Juice were no longer permitted to use the field after just four home games into the season. Juice games were broadcast on WSRQ 1220AM radio","title":"Bradenton Juice"},{"psg_id":"11468477","text":"Bradenton Marauders The Bradenton Marauders are a minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida, that plays in the Florida State League. The Marauders are the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Their home games are played at LECOM Park, which also serves as the Pirates' spring training facility. The franchise can be directly traced to 1957 as the Tampa Tarpons, a team in the Florida State League, then a Class D minor league, based in Tampa, Florida. From their inception, the Tarpons played all their home games at Al Lopez Field, built in 1955 and located at the","title":"Bradenton Marauders"},{"psg_id":"15758245","text":"Realize Bradenton Realize Bradenton is a nonprofit organization in Bradenton, Florida responsible for implementing the Cultural Master Plan for the downtown area. It was created in November 2009 with a mission to develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and visitors. The idea for an organization to undertake cultural planning was a key recommendation of the 2007 Downtown by Design planning process, an initiative sponsored by the Bradenton Culture and Business Alliance and the Knight Foundation. This initiative resulted in the \"Realize Bradenton Cultural Plan\" which was created from April 2008","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"1033422","text":"the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. The Tingley Memorial Library is located at 111 2nd Street, North, behind City Hall. It was built with a $600,000 bequest from the estate of Beulah Rebecca Hooks Hannah Tingley (1893–1986) and is maintained without the use of public funding. In 2000, Beulah Tingley was declared a \"Great Floridian\" by the state and a plaque attesting to that honor was placed above the front door of the library. Bradenton Beach, Florida Bradenton Beach is a city on Anna Maria Island in Manatee","title":"Bradenton Beach, Florida"},{"psg_id":"15758255","text":"opened on October 18, 2012. It serves as a public space as well as a venue for the Blues Festival and other events throughout the year. The attraction was created by renovating existing park space along the riverfront at a cost of $6.2 million in both public and private partner funds. Realize Bradenton Realize Bradenton is a nonprofit organization in Bradenton, Florida responsible for implementing the Cultural Master Plan for the downtown area. It was created in November 2009 with a mission to develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"15758248","text":"of the Bradenton Downtown Development Agency. The DDA carries out the role of place-making in Bradenton, whereas Realize Bradenton subsequently fills the role of place-branding. The inter-connectivity of the two groups goes beyond financial considerations. Vernon DeSear, a member of the DDA board, is also chairman of the Realize Bradenton board. Realize Bradenton's promotion of downtown happenings has not only led to increased attendance, but also lured new promoters and events to the area including American Craft Endeavors’ popular premiere art fair (previously an annual event in downtown Sarasota, St. Armands Circle and Siesta Key for more than 20 years)","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"17583938","text":"with a Blues Brunch on December 4, 2016, featuring Doug Deming & the Jewel Tones. Bradenton Blues Festival The Bradenton Blues Festival is an annual festival held in December in Bradenton, Florida. It is organized by Realize Bradenton, a group which promotes Bradenton's Downtown as a destination for arts, culture, history and sports. The performers are both national and regional blues artists. The event takes place at Bradenton Riverwalk, which opened in October 2012. The inaugural event on December 1, 2012 featured Ruthie Foster, Kenny Neal, Biscuit Miller, Johnny Sansone, Southern Hospitality, Homemade Jamz Blues Band, The Steve Arvey Horn","title":"Bradenton Blues Festival"},{"psg_id":"17583933","text":"Bradenton Blues Festival The Bradenton Blues Festival is an annual festival held in December in Bradenton, Florida. It is organized by Realize Bradenton, a group which promotes Bradenton's Downtown as a destination for arts, culture, history and sports. The performers are both national and regional blues artists. The event takes place at Bradenton Riverwalk, which opened in October 2012. The inaugural event on December 1, 2012 featured Ruthie Foster, Kenny Neal, Biscuit Miller, Johnny Sansone, Southern Hospitality, Homemade Jamz Blues Band, The Steve Arvey Horn Band featuring Henry Lawrence, and Ben Prestage. Harry Potter book series illustrator Mary GrandPré produced","title":"Bradenton Blues Festival"},{"psg_id":"15758254","text":"produced an iconic soft-geometry style poster for the event, the proceeds of which went to support local children's music programs. The festival attracted a sold-out crowd of over 3000, and the event has become an annual attraction in Bradenton. One of the causes championed by Realize Bradenton (and the city's Downtown Development Authority) which came to fruition in 2012 was Bradenton Riverwalk. The Riverwalk is a one-and-a-half mile long park on the south bank of the Manatee River bordering downtown Bradenton. It consists of a skate park, day-dock, botanical walk, pavilion, great lawn, splash park & playground, and amphitheatre which","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"16259042","text":"next 84 years. Finally on April 8, , the Bradenton Marauders, the High-A affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, began play at McKechnie Field. On June 28, , members of the Manatee Adult Baseball League, dressed in Growers uniforms for a game at Tropicana Field following a between the Tampa Bay Rays and Florida Marlins. On May 31, 2012, the Bradenton Marauders dressed on Growers uniforms during a 2-1 win over the Fort Myers Miracle for Turn Back the Clock Night at McKechnie Field. Bradenton Growers The Bradenton Growers were a professional baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida. A charter member","title":"Bradenton Growers"},{"psg_id":"5958029","text":"stadium in Bradenton. The team was a sister organization of the men's Bradenton Academics team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Their colors were blue, gold and black. Bradenton Athletics Bradenton Athletics were a professional American women's soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, then the premier women's soccer league in the United States and Canada, from 2004–2008, when they folded. They played in the Atlantic Division of the W-League's Eastern Conference. The team was associated with the IMG Soccer Academy, the United States Soccer Federation's full-time youth","title":"Bradenton Athletics"},{"psg_id":"1033416","text":"public art and music events throughout the year. Additionally, the town is the subject of the We The Kings song \"This Is Our Town\"; they, as well as the band Have Gun, Will Travel originate from Bradenton. Bradenton is the spring training home of Major League Baseball's Pittsburgh Pirates who play their home games at downtown's LECOM Park. During the regular baseball season, the stadium is home to the minor league Bradenton Marauders who play in the Florida State League in Class A-Advanced. Though no other professional teams call the city home, the State College of Florida's Manatees compete in","title":"Bradenton, Florida"},{"psg_id":"5743759","text":"IMG Academy Bradenton IMG Academy Bradenton is an American soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida, United States. Founded in 1998, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The team is associated with IMG Academy and the United States Soccer Federation's full-time residency program for the US Under 17 Men's National Team. The team plays its home games in the stadium at IMG Academy, where they have played since 2003. The team's colors are blue, gold and black. From 2004–2008 the team had a sister organization, the Bradenton Athletics, who played in the","title":"IMG Academy Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"1033409","text":"in 1947 by Anthony T. Rossi, an Italian immigrant, it had over 8,000 employees in 2004, and marketed its products throughout the United States. It has been owned by PepsiCo, Inc. since 1998. Tropicana's juice trains have been running to northern markets via CSX and predecessor railroads since 1971. In 2003, Tropicana's corporate headquarters were relocated to Chicago when PepsiCo consolidated their beverage business after the acquisition of Gatorade, but their juice production facilities remain in Bradenton. Champs Sports, a nationwide sports-apparel chain, is headquartered in Bradenton, as is department store chain Bealls. Bradenton was significantly affected by the United","title":"Bradenton, Florida"},{"psg_id":"15758247","text":"group, and in November Realize Bradenton Inc. achieved its formal nonprofit status. Its newly appointed board of directors, chaired by Vernon DeSear, approved the organization’s mission to work on behalf of downtown cultural development. The organization's stated mission is \"Develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and visitors.\" This mission is based on leveraging the existing strengths of the downtown area: To carry out this mission, Realize Bradenton acts as a connector between and among its cultural partners in downtown, its sponsors and corporate partners, and the city in the form","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"15758253","text":"2012. With the addition of the Bradenton Blues Festival to the Realize Bradenton event schedule in 2012, the 2013 ArtSlam was pushed back to the spring of 2014 so that the festivals will be more evenly spaced with ArtSlam in the spring and the Blues Festival in the fall. The 2014 ArtSlam was held on March 8, 2014 with record attendance. In December 2012, Realize Bradenton produced the inaugural Bradenton Blues Festival featuring a lineup for national and regional blues artists performing at the city's new Riverwalk park which opening in October 2012. \"Harry Potter\" book series illustrator Mary GrandPré","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"20668794","text":"weekly, monthly, and annual events, hosted by Realize Bradenton with coordination from the City of Bradenton and the BDDA, are held at the Riverwalk. These events range from a weekly farmers' market, a seasonal \"Music in the Park\" family-friendly live music series, to the annual Bradenton Blues Festival and ArtSlam. The events attract 100,000 people annually to the downtown area and generate $2.785 million every year in economic impact based on the Americans for the Arts economic impact calculator. In April 2017, the City of Bradenton contracted Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. again to create a master plan for an eastern","title":"Bradenton Riverwalk"},{"psg_id":"15758252","text":"program outcomes. In October 2010 Realize Bradenton produced the ArtSlam event as part of the Festival sARTée — a fringe festival complementing the Ringling International Arts Festival. Thousands attended the public arts festival along the city's Old Main Street as various creative teams of artists and performers competed for the public's votes while completing art installations or performing throughout the daylong event. The Bradenton Herald characterized ArtSlam as \"a wildly successful event, brought about by Realize Bradenton.\" The event was so successful that it has become an annual event in Bradenton with progressively larger festivals held in October 2011 and","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"7745464","text":"The Bradenton Herald The Bradenton Herald is a newspaper based in Bradenton, Florida, in the United States. It was a merger of two weekly papers: the \"Manatee River Journal\", which had published since the 1880s, and \"The Bradentown Herald Weekly\". The newspaper was at No. 414 Pine Street in downtown Bradenton; the phone number, 28. In the mid-1920s, Pine Street was renamed and the newspaper's home was at 401 13th St. W. (It would remain there until July 1984, when it moved to its present home at 102 Manatee Ave. W.) \"The Evening Herald\" was published Monday through Saturday until","title":"The Bradenton Herald"},{"psg_id":"15758249","text":"which debuted in downtown Bradenton in February 2010. In the spring of 2011, Realize Bradenton won a sizable grant from the Knight Foundation to fund Project Art Connects, a collaboration of top students from local high schools, undergraduates from [New College] and [Ringling College of Art and Design], art and history teachers, local historians, environmental specialists and visiting artists. By utilizing elements of art and social media, the three-year project is meant to form a bridge that connects the community’s past with its present and future through a series of civic, historical and cultural exercises. In September 2012, Realize Bradenton","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"6186412","text":"FL (programming language) FL (short for Function Level) is a functional programming language created at the IBM Almaden Research Center by John Backus, John Williams, and Edward Wimmers in the 1980s and documented in a report from 1989. FL was designed as a successor of Backus' earlier FP language, providing specific support for what Backus termed function-level programming. FL is a dynamically typed strict functional programming language with throw and catch exception semantics much like in ML. Each function has an implicit history argument which is used for doing things like strictly functional input/output (I/O), but is also used for","title":"FL (programming language)"},{"psg_id":"5958028","text":"Bradenton Athletics Bradenton Athletics were a professional American women's soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, then the premier women's soccer league in the United States and Canada, from 2004–2008, when they folded. They played in the Atlantic Division of the W-League's Eastern Conference. The team was associated with the IMG Soccer Academy, the United States Soccer Federation's full-time youth residency program, which itself is part of the larger IMG Academies organization initiated by tennis coach Nick Bollettieri in 1978. They played their home games at the IMG Soccer Academy's","title":"Bradenton Athletics"},{"psg_id":"686076","text":"34470 Belleview 13145 SE Highway 484 Belleview, FL 34420 Dunnellon 20351 Robinson Road Dunnellon, FL 34431 Forest 905 S. Highway 314A Ocklawaha, FL 32179 Freedom 5870 SW 95th St. Ocala, FL 34476 Ft. McCoy 14660 NE Highway 315 Ft. McCoy, FL 32134 Marion Oaks 294 Marion Oaks Lane Ocala, FL 34473 Reddick 15150 NW Gainesville Road Reddick, FL 32686 Local bus service is provided by SunTran. Since 1980 Marion County has become a solidly Republican county. Marion County, Florida Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 331,298.","title":"Marion County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"11468498","text":"indicates the player later participated in the MLB All-Star Game. A cross (†) indicates the player was named FSL All-Star Game MVP. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Bradenton Marauders The Bradenton Marauders are a minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida, that plays in the Florida State League. The Marauders are the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Their home games are played at LECOM Park, which also serves as the Pirates' spring training facility. The franchise can be directly traced to 1957 as the Tampa Tarpons, a team in the Florida State League, then","title":"Bradenton Marauders"},{"psg_id":"5743760","text":"women's W-League. \"As of June 23, 2014.\" \"This list of notable former players comprises players who went on to play professional soccer after playing for the team in the Premier Development League, or those who previously played professionally before joining the team.\" Attendance stats are calculated by averaging each team's self-reported home attendances from the historical match archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20100105175057/http://www.uslsoccer.com/history/index_E.html. IMG Academy Bradenton IMG Academy Bradenton is an American soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida, United States. Founded in 1998, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The team is associated with","title":"IMG Academy Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"16259039","text":"Bradenton Growers The Bradenton Growers were a professional baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida. A charter member of the Florida State League, they played from to . The ballclub was founded by team president and majority owner Robert M. Beall, Sr., founder of the department store Bealls. The Growers originally played their home games at Ninth Street Park and moved into McKechnie Field, then known as City Park, when it was constructed in . Many of the Growers rosters include players' names with question marks, last names only, and no dates of birth or hometowns. However, several notable Growers did","title":"Bradenton Growers"},{"psg_id":"799424","text":"is served by the Hernando County Public Library System. The system has four branches. 238 Howell Ave Brooksville, FL 34601 6457 Windmere Road Brooksville, FL 34602 6335 Blackbird Avenue Brooksville, FL 34613 9220 Spring Hill Drive Spring Hill, FL 34608 All branches can be reached by calling (352) 754-4043 Hernando County, Florida Hernando County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 172,778. Its county seat is Brooksville, and its largest community is Spring Hill. Hernando County is included in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2005,","title":"Hernando County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"7745466","text":"changed along with its community. The \"Herald\" shed its \"evening\" past on Jan. 1, 1983, when it became a morning publication. The next year, it moved from its cramped, old downtown building to an 87,000-square-foot building, where it also shed its aging Linotype machines for offset printing. It published its last edition on 13th Street on July 7, 1984, and its first edition on Manatee Avenue on July 8, 1984. The \"Herald\" entered cyberspace in January 1996 when its website, www.Bradenton.com, was launched as Bradenton Herald Internet Plus (BHIP). The Bradenton Herald The Bradenton Herald is a newspaper based in","title":"The Bradenton Herald"},{"psg_id":"11468496","text":"a black bill and the uniquely styled \"B\" logo on the cap representing the City of Bradenton. The gold cap is reminiscent of the one worn by the Pirates of the early 1970s. A second alternate black cap with the styled \"B\" logo is also in use. In December 2011, the team unveiled an alternate logo, that is used for select games, for use on their caps during the 2012 season. The logo features a pair of crossed bats and a smiling skull with a patch over its right eye. On May 31, 2012, the Marauders dressed in Bradenton Growers'","title":"Bradenton Marauders"},{"psg_id":"677142","text":"65 or over. The main campus of St. Johns River State College is located in Palatka (the county seat). First Coast Technical College is public, post secondary vocational school with a campus in Palatka. Putnam County has five branches that serve the area: Putnam County, Florida Putnam County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 74,364. Its county seat is Palatka. Putnam County comprises the Palatka, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Jacksonville-St. Marys-Palatka, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area. The county is centrally located between Jacksonville, Gainesville, St.","title":"Putnam County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"20668793","text":"to the public on October 18, 2012. The Bradenton Riverwalk spans from slightly west of the Green Bridge, near South Florida Museum, to 2nd Street East, adjacent to Manatee Memorial Hospital. The Riverwalk includes playgrounds, splash pad, a lawn for picnics, a day dock for boaters, a skatepark, a botanical walk, sand volleyball courts, and a 400-seat Mosaic Amphitheater. Public art is displayed throughout the Riverwalk area. One of the art collections prominently displayed is \"Postcards from the Friendly City\". The collection consists of various large-scale art panel \"postcards\" depicting the history of the Manatee River and Bradenton area. Several","title":"Bradenton Riverwalk"},{"psg_id":"6666558","text":"four head-end sections. The 1200mm head end was a preset aperture type, so the lens had to be stopped down manually for exposure. The original FL 1200mm is now a rare and very valuable collector's item. The only known existence of the entire set of the four lenses in this series is in a private collection located in Indiana, USA. Canon FL 1200mm lens The Canon FL 1200mm f/11 was a super-telephoto lens marketed by Japanese optical manufacturer Canon in June 1972. It was the longest super-telephoto lens in the Canon FL system. The lens was part of a group","title":"Canon FL 1200mm lens"},{"psg_id":"818735","text":"Wakulla County, Florida Wakulla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,776. Its county seat is Crawfordville. Wakulla County is part of the Tallahassee, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. Wakulla County has a near-absence of any municipal population, with two small municipalities holding about 3% of the population. The county seat, Crawfordville, is one of only two unincorporated county seats among Florida's 67 counties. In 1528, Pánfilo de Narváez found his way to what would be Wakulla County from the future Pinellas County, Florida, camping at the confluence of","title":"Wakulla County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"799361","text":"Gilchrist County, Florida Gilchrist County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Florida. Organized in 1925 from the western part of Alachua, it is the last county to be formed in the state. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,939. The county seat is Trenton. Gilchrist County is included in the Gainesville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. Gilchrist County was created in 1925, the last county organized in Florida. It was named for Albert W. Gilchrist, Governor of Florida from 1909 to 1913. It was formed by residents of what was then western Alachua County, as","title":"Gilchrist County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"7745465","text":"1926, when the Saturday publication was replaced by a Sunday edition and the name was changed to \"The Bradenton Herald\". In 1953 the Saturday edition resumed. His son, Alvah H. Chapman Jr., would follow in his father's footsteps and retired in 1989 as chairman of Knight-Ridder Inc., which was then the publisher of \"The Bradenton Herald\". The Page Corp. had become part of Knight Newspapers Inc. in 1973; Knight Newspapers and Ridder Publications Inc. merged in 1974 and the \"Herald\" became a KR paper. From its modest beginnings in 1922 as \"The Evening Herald\", \"The Bradenton Herald\" has grown and","title":"The Bradenton Herald"},{"psg_id":"17583936","text":"festival took place on December 5, 2015 and was attended by over 3000 fans. The \"Bradenton Herald\" described the festival as \"The biggest live music event in Bradenton\" and went on to say the 2015 event \"was as big a hit this year as it has been each year since it began in 2012.\" In 2015, website Blues 411 named the Bradenton Blues Festival \"Best Festival of the Year.\" The line-up featured In Layman Terms, Girls with Guitars, Super Chikan and the Fighting Cocks, Larry Garner, Mike Zito and The Wheel, Joanna Connor, Rick Estrin & The Nightcats, and Janiva","title":"Bradenton Blues Festival"},{"psg_id":"951356","text":"Camden County, Georgia Camden County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 50,513. Its county seat is Woodbine, and the largest city is St. Marys. It is one of the original counties of Georgia, created February 5, 1777. It is the 11th largest county in the state of Georgia by area, and the 41st largest by population. Camden County comprises the St. Marys, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Jacksonville-St. Marys-Palatka, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area. The first recorded European to visit what","title":"Camden County, Georgia"},{"psg_id":"677137","text":"Putnam County, Florida Putnam County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 74,364. Its county seat is Palatka. Putnam County comprises the Palatka, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Jacksonville-St. Marys-Palatka, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area. The county is centrally located between Jacksonville, Gainesville, St. Augustine, and Daytona Beach. Putnam County was created in 1849. It was Florida's 28th county created from parts of St. Johns, Alachua, Orange, Duval, and Marion counties. The county was named for Benjamin A. Putnam, who was a soldier in the First Seminole","title":"Putnam County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"1033419","text":"from nearby Bradenton. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (50.00%) is water. However, according to the Bradenton Beach government website, it has an area of five square miles. At the 2000 census, there were 1,482 people, 803 households and 391 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,704.9 per square mile (1,040.4/km²). There were 1,762 housing units at an average density of 3,215.9 per square mile (1,236.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.52% White, 0.27% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.13% Asian,","title":"Bradenton Beach, Florida"},{"psg_id":"7109536","text":"move was a result of the team losing $1 million during their first season. In Daytona the team had an 11-11 record and were in 4th place when the Senior Professional Baseball Association ceased operations on December 28, 1990. Bradenton Explorers The Bradenton Explorers were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in . That season, the club compiled a record of 38-34, finishing in second place in the league's Northern Division, narrowly holding off the Orlando Juice. Jim Morrison led the league with 17 home runs, and pitcher Rick Lysander added","title":"Bradenton Explorers"},{"psg_id":"7109535","text":"Bradenton Explorers The Bradenton Explorers were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in . That season, the club compiled a record of 38-34, finishing in second place in the league's Northern Division, narrowly holding off the Orlando Juice. Jim Morrison led the league with 17 home runs, and pitcher Rick Lysander added a league-high 11 saves. In the playoffs, the Explorers lost to the St. Petersburg Pelicans, who went on to become league champions. However the following season, the team was relocated to Daytona Beach, becoming the Daytona Beach Explorers. The","title":"Bradenton Explorers"},{"psg_id":"16259040","text":"make it into the majors. Logan Drake played from - as a relief pitcher for the Cleveland Indians. Walter Cleveland \"Lefty\" Stewart played 10 seasons in the majors for the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators, and Cleveland Indians. He also pitched in game 1 of the 1933 World Series for the Senators. Another Grower, Gene Elliott, played for New York Highlanders in before playing in Bradenton. Hank Johnson, a Bradenton native, also played for the Growers in . He would go on to win the 1928 World Series, as a member of the New York Yankees. Other major","title":"Bradenton Growers"},{"psg_id":"15758251","text":"development organization that we all wish we had in our communities. It supports the efforts of the city's planning department by engaging the residents, business people, and visitors in community planning activities and public events. In doing so, Realize Bradenton improves the quality of life and livability of the city for all.\" Realize Bradenton was recognized with the Tampa Bay Business Journal's \"2014 Public & Societal Benefit Nonprofit of the Year\" award on June 5, 2014. The award recognizes Tampa Bay-based 501(c)(3), non-foundation community organizations benefiting residents of Greater Tampa Bay who are fiscally responsible and accountable with regard to","title":"Realize Bradenton"},{"psg_id":"11468490","text":"features two crossed bats behind a skull wearing an eye patch. Bradenton missed the playoffs again in 2013, however the line-up once again featured the top prospect for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Gregory Polanco. Shortstop Alen Hanson, Polanco, and starting pitcher Nick Kingham represented Bradenton at the 52nd Annual FSL All-Star Game. Jeff Locke also became the first Marauders player to make the roster for the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In 2014 the journey of current Marauders' player Rinku Singh from India to professional baseball was portrayed in the movie \"Million Dollar Arm\". The film starred Jon Hamm and was","title":"Bradenton Marauders"},{"psg_id":"17523426","text":"FL-Group FL-Group is a Danish family-owned transport and logistics company, active in the Northern part of Europe. The FL-Group's main segment is FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods). The main areas of business: The primary area is logistics in the Northern part of Europe and transport between Scandinavia and the rest of Europe. The company headquarters is in Vitten, northwest of Aarhus, Denmark. The FL-Group includes: Frode Laursen A/S: represents the largest part of the activities of the FL-Group and includes FMCG logistics in Scandinavia and Northern Germany with its own warehouse. Frode Laursen A/S offers pickup from factories in Europe to","title":"FL-Group"},{"psg_id":"8359096","text":"plastic cladding up front. The corners are also new, as is the front bumper. The interior is also improved, with particular concern for entry and exit. As a part of the Euro 6 renewal of the FL, a 12-tonne version was also launched. It means a lighter and lower truck compared to the 2006 Volvo FL. It uses a four-cylinder D4 with 240 horsepower. Volvo FL The Volvo FL is Volvo's smallest truck and is suitable for local and regional distribution operations, refuse collection, construction truck or small format tractor. The Volvo FL has been built since the summer of","title":"Volvo FL"},{"psg_id":"2202856","text":"FL Studio FL Studio (formerly known as FruityLoops) is a digital audio workstation developed by the Belgian company Image-Line. FL Studio features a graphical user interface based on a pattern-based music sequencer. The program is available in four different editions for Microsoft Windows and macOS, including Fruity Edition, Producer Edition, Signature Bundle, and All Plugins Bundle. Image-Line offers lifetime free updates to the program, which means customers receive all future updates of the software for free. Image-Line also develops FL Studio Mobile for iPod Touch, iPhone, iPad and Android devices. FL Studio can also be used as a VST instrument","title":"FL Studio"},{"psg_id":"4060007","text":"set L of decision problems which can be solved in deterministic logspace. FL is a subset of FP, the set of function problems which can be solved in deterministic polynomial time. FL is known to contain several natural problems, including arithmetic on numbers. Addition, subtraction and multiplication of two numbers are fairly simple, but achieving division is a far deeper problem which was open for decades. Similarly one may define FNL, which has the same relation with NL as FNP has with NP. FL (complexity) In computational complexity theory, the complexity class FL is the set of function problems which","title":"FL (complexity)"},{"psg_id":"17798901","text":"of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"An absorbing narrative and talented cast help \"Big Time in Hollywood, FL\" balance its occasionally obnoxious antics with witty slapstick.\" On Metacritic, the season has a score of 68 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Big Time in Hollywood, FL Big Time in Hollywood, FL is an American comedy television series created and written by Alex Anfanger and Dan Schimpf. A 10-episode first season was ordered by the American cable television network Comedy Central, which premiered on March 25, 2015. Comedy Central made no official cancellation statement, however","title":"Big Time in Hollywood, FL"},{"psg_id":"17798900","text":"Big Time in Hollywood, FL Big Time in Hollywood, FL is an American comedy television series created and written by Alex Anfanger and Dan Schimpf. A 10-episode first season was ordered by the American cable television network Comedy Central, which premiered on March 25, 2015. Comedy Central made no official cancellation statement, however on September 25, 2015, series star Lenny Jacobson confirmed that there would not be a second season. \"Big Time in Hollywood, FL\" received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 73%, based on 11 reviews, with an average rating","title":"Big Time in Hollywood, FL"},{"psg_id":"17523430","text":"and warehouse in Kerava (Helsinki) is established. FL Polska in Szcezcin starts up. \" 2010:\" 'Acquisition of logistics company Nielsen and Soerensen GMBH in Flensburg, the warehouse Pack Scandinavia in Odense and the transport company Elementtransporten A/S. \" 2011:\" 'Established in Oslo, Norway \" 2012:\" '57% of the share of Agri Norcold A/S is acquired. FL-Group FL-Group is a Danish family-owned transport and logistics company, active in the Northern part of Europe. The FL-Group's main segment is FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods). The main areas of business: The primary area is logistics in the Northern part of Europe and transport between","title":"FL-Group"},{"psg_id":"806021","text":"Okeechobee County, Florida Okeechobee County () is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,996. The county seat is Okeechobee. Okeechobee County comprises the Okeechobee, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL Combined Statistical Area. Okeechobee County was incorporated in 1917. It was named for Lake Okeechobee, which was itself named for the Hitchiti words \"oka\" (water) and \"chobi\" (big). Historic buildings in Okeechobee County include: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land","title":"Okeechobee County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"2202858","text":"four-channel MIDI drum machine. Dambrin became Chief Software Architect for the program, and it quickly underwent a series of large upgrades that made it into a popular and complex digital audio workstation. FL Studio has undergone twelve major updates since its inception. On 22 May 2018, a macOS-compatible version of FL Studio was released. FL Studio 20 works on Windows 7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit versions) or on macOS 10.11/10.12/10.13. FL Studio requires a 2GHz AMD or Intel Pentium 3 CPU with full SSE1 support. It requires 2 GB of free disk space and 4 GB of RAM is recommended. FL","title":"FL Studio"},{"psg_id":"8359087","text":"Volvo FL The Volvo FL is Volvo's smallest truck and is suitable for local and regional distribution operations, refuse collection, construction truck or small format tractor. The Volvo FL has been built since the summer of 1985 in a variety of different models of different weight ratings. The latest model has been sold since 2013. Volvo had lost much of its global market share in the medium weight segment by the 1970s and thus felt compelled to develop an entire new range of trucks to regain competitiveness. \"FL\" stands for \"Forward Cab\" and \"Low-level Cab\". The FL6 and the larger","title":"Volvo FL"},{"psg_id":"792040","text":"Charlotte County, Florida Charlotte County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 159,978. Its county seat is Punta Gorda. Charlotte County comprises the Punta Gorda, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the North Port-Sarasota, FL Combined Statistical Area. Charlotte County was established April 23, 1921. It was named for the Bay of Charlotte Harbor. \"Charlotte\" came from \"Carlota\" (Spanish). In 1565, the Spanish named \"Bahia de Carlota,\" followed by the English in 1775 who named the area Charlotte Harbor in tribute to the Queen Charlotte Sophia, wife","title":"Charlotte County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"2202864","text":"recognized as a focal point for the FL Studio community. After initially buying the software, all future updates are free for a lifetime. FL Studio FL Studio (formerly known as FruityLoops) is a digital audio workstation developed by the Belgian company Image-Line. FL Studio features a graphical user interface based on a pattern-based music sequencer. The program is available in four different editions for Microsoft Windows and macOS, including Fruity Edition, Producer Edition, Signature Bundle, and All Plugins Bundle. Image-Line offers lifetime free updates to the program, which means customers receive all future updates of the software for free. Image-Line","title":"FL Studio"},{"psg_id":"792050","text":"more space for the youth services department, a new computer lab, and an archives run by the historical department. Charlotte County, Florida Charlotte County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 159,978. Its county seat is Punta Gorda. Charlotte County comprises the Punta Gorda, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the North Port-Sarasota, FL Combined Statistical Area. Charlotte County was established April 23, 1921. It was named for the Bay of Charlotte Harbor. \"Charlotte\" came from \"Carlota\" (Spanish). In 1565, the Spanish named \"Bahia de Carlota,\" followed","title":"Charlotte County, Florida"},{"psg_id":"16280376","text":"Robert Beaumont (fl.1639) Robert Beaumont (\"fl\". 1639), essayist, is chiefly remarkable for his \"Missives\", which appear, from one part of Beaumont's epistle to the reader, to be his own composition, and from another part to be the composition of others. But the former intimation has the stronger support. \"Letters\", he says, \"should be like a well-furnished table, where every guest may eat of what dish he pleases.\" This reminds us of Bickerstaff's once-popular opera, \"Love in a Village\" There are fifteen essays on the various parts of the body–the head, eye, nose, ear, tongue, and so forth. They are full","title":"Robert Beaumont (fl.1639)"},{"psg_id":"8359093","text":"and user friendly. The Volvo FL transmission is offered as a manual or as an automatic. The manual gearbox made by ZF ZF Friedrichshafen AG for the Volvo FL has full synchromesh, 9-speed and a wide range of gear ratios. The manual gearbox also features an easy-changing gear selector that requires little pressure to operate. The Automatic gearboxes made by Allison for the Volvo FL are available in several variants adapted to different engine models in 5-speed versions. Volvo FL gearboxes are fitted with a hydraulic torque converter to give superior starting traction and offer a high level of performance","title":"Volvo FL"},{"psg_id":"18314067","text":"even indicates that Thimbron was slain in personal combat by Struthas himself. What was left of his army was subsequently incorporated into a new army under Diphridas. It is likely that this Thimbron is the same one mentioned by Aristotle as writing a treatise on the Spartan Constitution. Thimbron (fl. 400–391 BC) Thimbron or Thibron (Greek: ; fl. 400–391 BC) was a Spartan general. He was sent out as harmost in 400 BC, with an army of about 5,000 men, composed of 1,000 emancipated helots and 4,000 other Peleponesians, to aid the Ionians against Tissaphernes, who wished to bring them","title":"Thimbron (fl. 400–391 BC)"},{"psg_id":"9605244","text":"Harley-Davidson FL The Harley-Davidson FL is a model designation used on Harley-Davidson motorcycles since 1941. The FL prefix is mostly applied to Harley-Davidson's large-framed bikes, including the current Touring series, and also the Softail series, especially those with traditional styling, 16-inch front wheels, and either Springer forks or large-diameter telescopic front forks. The FL was introduced to the Harley-Davidson model line in 1941. It used a version of the \"Knucklehead\" OHV engine that powered the EL in form. The FL shared its frame with the EL and with the U and UL, which used a 74 cubic inch flathead engine.","title":"Harley-Davidson FL"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18503145\",\n \"text\": \"in Sarasota/Bradenton, FL. During the Juice's lone season, pitcher Brian Gartley went 10-3 with 96 strikeouts to win the Most Outstanding Pitcher award. On March 31, 2008, the League office issued an announcement that it was suspending operations as of April 1, citing an inability to close on a large amount of debt. While the statement claimed that it planned to resume operations in 2009, however the league never returned. The Juice dissolved with the league, as a result. Bradenton Juice The Bradenton Juice were a short-lived minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida in 2007. The team's name\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Juice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20668791\",\n \"text\": \"Bradenton Riverwalk Bradenton Riverwalk (known locally as the Riverwalk) is a public green space located along the Manatee River in Bradenton, Florida, between Business US 41 and South Tamiami Trail (US 301 / US 41 concurrently). The park opened to the public on October 18, 2012 and features a skatepark, 400-seat amphitheater, playgrounds, and a splash pad. The area is maintained by the city of Bradenton and the nonprofit organization Realize Bradenton. In the 1960s Bradenton dredged the Manatee River for silt, to add of land adjacent to downtown. The area was dubbed \\\"The Sand Pile\\\" due to the river\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Riverwalk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20668795\",\n \"text\": \"extension of the Bradenton Riverwalk. The eastern extension will extend the Riverwalk east to Manatee Mineral Springs Park and Manatee Village Historical Park. Kimley-Horn is coordinating with Realize Bradenton to gather public input for the eastern extension. The city also bought of land north of Manatee Mineral Springs Park for $700,000 to expand the existing park and to ensure interconnectivity with the eastern expansion of the Riverwalk. Bradenton Riverwalk Bradenton Riverwalk (known locally as the Riverwalk) is a public green space located along the Manatee River in Bradenton, Florida, between Business US 41 and South Tamiami Trail (US 301 /\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Riverwalk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1033403\",\n \"text\": \"of Dr. Joseph Braden, whose nearby fort-like house was a refuge for early settlers during Seminole Indian attacks. The current city of Bradenton was formed in 1943, when the Florida legislature merged the cities of Manatee (incorporated in 1888) and Bradentown. Historic properties in Bradenton include: According to the United States Census Bureau, Bradenton has a total area of , of which is land and (16.14%) is water. Bradenton is located on US 41 between Tampa and Sarasota. The area is surrounded by waterways, both fresh and saltwater. Along the Gulf of Mexico and into Tampa Bay are over of\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1033411\",\n \"text\": \"Transit (MCAT) buses serve Bradenton along with the cities/communities of Palmetto, Ellenton, Anna Maria, Holmes Beach, Bradenton Beach, Longboat Key, Tallevast and Samoset, with transfers to Sarasota and St.Petersburg. Free trolleys run north-south on Anna Maria Island, as well as to/from various points on the mainland. Amtrak charter buses run through downtown Bradenton outside the courthouse to Tampa Union Station and Venice. The City is governed by a City Council with five members, from which is selected the City's Vice Mayor. The Mayor is elected at-large, as are all five council members. Bradenton is located in the . It also\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11468482\",\n \"text\": \"Pirates took over the Sarasota Reds, while the Reds became the parent club of the Pirates' former Class A-Advanced affiliate, the Lynchburg Hillcats of the Carolina League. On November 10, 2009, baseball officials voted to allow the Pirates to purchase and uproot the Sarasota Reds. The Pirates moved the team to Bradenton, where they were renamed the Bradenton Marauders. The Marauders became the first Florida State League team located in Bradenton since the Bradenton Growers folded in 1926. The Marauders are also the Pirates' first affiliate in the Florida State League since the Leesburg Pirates ended play in 1948. On\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Marauders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758250\",\n \"text\": \"created the \\\"Downtown Ambassadors\\\" program, consisting of volunteers who guide and inform visitors about the city's Riverwalk, McKechnie Field, Village of the Arts and other attractions. The program boasts more than 100 volunteers who assist with events and the promotion of the downtown area. Realize Bradenton was recognized with the American Planning Association's \\\"Outstanding Public Interest Group of the Year\\\" award for their efforts to improve the vitality, prosperity and success of the Bradenton community. At the time, Kathie Ebaugh, principal planner for Lee County Department of Community Development, was quoted as saying \\\"Realize Bradenton is the kind of community\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18503144\",\n \"text\": \"Bradenton Juice The Bradenton Juice were a short-lived minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida in 2007. The team's name came from a \\\"Name the Team\\\" contest that included over 100 suggestions for the ball club. The club played in the South Coast League. The Juice's home game were held at Robert C. Wynn Baseball Field, which is located on the campus of Manatee Community College, now State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota. However the Juice were no longer permitted to use the field after just four home games into the season. Juice games were broadcast on WSRQ 1220AM radio\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Juice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11468477\",\n \"text\": \"Bradenton Marauders The Bradenton Marauders are a minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida, that plays in the Florida State League. The Marauders are the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Their home games are played at LECOM Park, which also serves as the Pirates' spring training facility. The franchise can be directly traced to 1957 as the Tampa Tarpons, a team in the Florida State League, then a Class D minor league, based in Tampa, Florida. From their inception, the Tarpons played all their home games at Al Lopez Field, built in 1955 and located at the\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Marauders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758245\",\n \"text\": \"Realize Bradenton Realize Bradenton is a nonprofit organization in Bradenton, Florida responsible for implementing the Cultural Master Plan for the downtown area. It was created in November 2009 with a mission to develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and visitors. The idea for an organization to undertake cultural planning was a key recommendation of the 2007 Downtown by Design planning process, an initiative sponsored by the Bradenton Culture and Business Alliance and the Knight Foundation. This initiative resulted in the \\\"Realize Bradenton Cultural Plan\\\" which was created from April 2008\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1033422\",\n \"text\": \"the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. The Tingley Memorial Library is located at 111 2nd Street, North, behind City Hall. It was built with a $600,000 bequest from the estate of Beulah Rebecca Hooks Hannah Tingley (1893–1986) and is maintained without the use of public funding. In 2000, Beulah Tingley was declared a \\\"Great Floridian\\\" by the state and a plaque attesting to that honor was placed above the front door of the library. Bradenton Beach, Florida Bradenton Beach is a city on Anna Maria Island in Manatee\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Beach, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758255\",\n \"text\": \"opened on October 18, 2012. It serves as a public space as well as a venue for the Blues Festival and other events throughout the year. The attraction was created by renovating existing park space along the riverfront at a cost of $6.2 million in both public and private partner funds. Realize Bradenton Realize Bradenton is a nonprofit organization in Bradenton, Florida responsible for implementing the Cultural Master Plan for the downtown area. It was created in November 2009 with a mission to develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758248\",\n \"text\": \"of the Bradenton Downtown Development Agency. The DDA carries out the role of place-making in Bradenton, whereas Realize Bradenton subsequently fills the role of place-branding. The inter-connectivity of the two groups goes beyond financial considerations. Vernon DeSear, a member of the DDA board, is also chairman of the Realize Bradenton board. Realize Bradenton's promotion of downtown happenings has not only led to increased attendance, but also lured new promoters and events to the area including American Craft Endeavors’ popular premiere art fair (previously an annual event in downtown Sarasota, St. Armands Circle and Siesta Key for more than 20 years)\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17583938\",\n \"text\": \"with a Blues Brunch on December 4, 2016, featuring Doug Deming & the Jewel Tones. Bradenton Blues Festival The Bradenton Blues Festival is an annual festival held in December in Bradenton, Florida. It is organized by Realize Bradenton, a group which promotes Bradenton's Downtown as a destination for arts, culture, history and sports. The performers are both national and regional blues artists. The event takes place at Bradenton Riverwalk, which opened in October 2012. The inaugural event on December 1, 2012 featured Ruthie Foster, Kenny Neal, Biscuit Miller, Johnny Sansone, Southern Hospitality, Homemade Jamz Blues Band, The Steve Arvey Horn\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Blues Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17583933\",\n \"text\": \"Bradenton Blues Festival The Bradenton Blues Festival is an annual festival held in December in Bradenton, Florida. It is organized by Realize Bradenton, a group which promotes Bradenton's Downtown as a destination for arts, culture, history and sports. The performers are both national and regional blues artists. The event takes place at Bradenton Riverwalk, which opened in October 2012. The inaugural event on December 1, 2012 featured Ruthie Foster, Kenny Neal, Biscuit Miller, Johnny Sansone, Southern Hospitality, Homemade Jamz Blues Band, The Steve Arvey Horn Band featuring Henry Lawrence, and Ben Prestage. Harry Potter book series illustrator Mary GrandPré produced\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Blues Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758254\",\n \"text\": \"produced an iconic soft-geometry style poster for the event, the proceeds of which went to support local children's music programs. The festival attracted a sold-out crowd of over 3000, and the event has become an annual attraction in Bradenton. One of the causes championed by Realize Bradenton (and the city's Downtown Development Authority) which came to fruition in 2012 was Bradenton Riverwalk. The Riverwalk is a one-and-a-half mile long park on the south bank of the Manatee River bordering downtown Bradenton. It consists of a skate park, day-dock, botanical walk, pavilion, great lawn, splash park & playground, and amphitheatre which\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16259042\",\n \"text\": \"next 84 years. Finally on April 8, , the Bradenton Marauders, the High-A affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, began play at McKechnie Field. On June 28, , members of the Manatee Adult Baseball League, dressed in Growers uniforms for a game at Tropicana Field following a between the Tampa Bay Rays and Florida Marlins. On May 31, 2012, the Bradenton Marauders dressed on Growers uniforms during a 2-1 win over the Fort Myers Miracle for Turn Back the Clock Night at McKechnie Field. Bradenton Growers The Bradenton Growers were a professional baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida. A charter member\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Growers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5958029\",\n \"text\": \"stadium in Bradenton. The team was a sister organization of the men's Bradenton Academics team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Their colors were blue, gold and black. Bradenton Athletics Bradenton Athletics were a professional American women's soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, then the premier women's soccer league in the United States and Canada, from 2004–2008, when they folded. They played in the Atlantic Division of the W-League's Eastern Conference. The team was associated with the IMG Soccer Academy, the United States Soccer Federation's full-time youth\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Athletics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1033416\",\n \"text\": \"public art and music events throughout the year. Additionally, the town is the subject of the We The Kings song \\\"This Is Our Town\\\"; they, as well as the band Have Gun, Will Travel originate from Bradenton. Bradenton is the spring training home of Major League Baseball's Pittsburgh Pirates who play their home games at downtown's LECOM Park. During the regular baseball season, the stadium is home to the minor league Bradenton Marauders who play in the Florida State League in Class A-Advanced. Though no other professional teams call the city home, the State College of Florida's Manatees compete in\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5743759\",\n \"text\": \"IMG Academy Bradenton IMG Academy Bradenton is an American soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida, United States. Founded in 1998, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The team is associated with IMG Academy and the United States Soccer Federation's full-time residency program for the US Under 17 Men's National Team. The team plays its home games in the stadium at IMG Academy, where they have played since 2003. The team's colors are blue, gold and black. From 2004–2008 the team had a sister organization, the Bradenton Athletics, who played in the\",\n \"title\": \"IMG Academy Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1033409\",\n \"text\": \"in 1947 by Anthony T. Rossi, an Italian immigrant, it had over 8,000 employees in 2004, and marketed its products throughout the United States. It has been owned by PepsiCo, Inc. since 1998. Tropicana's juice trains have been running to northern markets via CSX and predecessor railroads since 1971. In 2003, Tropicana's corporate headquarters were relocated to Chicago when PepsiCo consolidated their beverage business after the acquisition of Gatorade, but their juice production facilities remain in Bradenton. Champs Sports, a nationwide sports-apparel chain, is headquartered in Bradenton, as is department store chain Bealls. Bradenton was significantly affected by the United\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758247\",\n \"text\": \"group, and in November Realize Bradenton Inc. achieved its formal nonprofit status. Its newly appointed board of directors, chaired by Vernon DeSear, approved the organization’s mission to work on behalf of downtown cultural development. The organization's stated mission is \\\"Develop and promote downtown Bradenton by making it a unique and preferred cultural destination for residents and visitors.\\\" This mission is based on leveraging the existing strengths of the downtown area: To carry out this mission, Realize Bradenton acts as a connector between and among its cultural partners in downtown, its sponsors and corporate partners, and the city in the form\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758253\",\n \"text\": \"2012. With the addition of the Bradenton Blues Festival to the Realize Bradenton event schedule in 2012, the 2013 ArtSlam was pushed back to the spring of 2014 so that the festivals will be more evenly spaced with ArtSlam in the spring and the Blues Festival in the fall. The 2014 ArtSlam was held on March 8, 2014 with record attendance. In December 2012, Realize Bradenton produced the inaugural Bradenton Blues Festival featuring a lineup for national and regional blues artists performing at the city's new Riverwalk park which opening in October 2012. \\\"Harry Potter\\\" book series illustrator Mary GrandPré\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20668794\",\n \"text\": \"weekly, monthly, and annual events, hosted by Realize Bradenton with coordination from the City of Bradenton and the BDDA, are held at the Riverwalk. These events range from a weekly farmers' market, a seasonal \\\"Music in the Park\\\" family-friendly live music series, to the annual Bradenton Blues Festival and ArtSlam. The events attract 100,000 people annually to the downtown area and generate $2.785 million every year in economic impact based on the Americans for the Arts economic impact calculator. In April 2017, the City of Bradenton contracted Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. again to create a master plan for an eastern\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Riverwalk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758252\",\n \"text\": \"program outcomes. In October 2010 Realize Bradenton produced the ArtSlam event as part of the Festival sARTée — a fringe festival complementing the Ringling International Arts Festival. Thousands attended the public arts festival along the city's Old Main Street as various creative teams of artists and performers competed for the public's votes while completing art installations or performing throughout the daylong event. The Bradenton Herald characterized ArtSlam as \\\"a wildly successful event, brought about by Realize Bradenton.\\\" The event was so successful that it has become an annual event in Bradenton with progressively larger festivals held in October 2011 and\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7745464\",\n \"text\": \"The Bradenton Herald The Bradenton Herald is a newspaper based in Bradenton, Florida, in the United States. It was a merger of two weekly papers: the \\\"Manatee River Journal\\\", which had published since the 1880s, and \\\"The Bradentown Herald Weekly\\\". The newspaper was at No. 414 Pine Street in downtown Bradenton; the phone number, 28. In the mid-1920s, Pine Street was renamed and the newspaper's home was at 401 13th St. W. (It would remain there until July 1984, when it moved to its present home at 102 Manatee Ave. W.) \\\"The Evening Herald\\\" was published Monday through Saturday until\",\n \"title\": \"The Bradenton Herald\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758249\",\n \"text\": \"which debuted in downtown Bradenton in February 2010. In the spring of 2011, Realize Bradenton won a sizable grant from the Knight Foundation to fund Project Art Connects, a collaboration of top students from local high schools, undergraduates from [New College] and [Ringling College of Art and Design], art and history teachers, local historians, environmental specialists and visiting artists. By utilizing elements of art and social media, the three-year project is meant to form a bridge that connects the community’s past with its present and future through a series of civic, historical and cultural exercises. In September 2012, Realize Bradenton\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6186412\",\n \"text\": \"FL (programming language) FL (short for Function Level) is a functional programming language created at the IBM Almaden Research Center by John Backus, John Williams, and Edward Wimmers in the 1980s and documented in a report from 1989. FL was designed as a successor of Backus' earlier FP language, providing specific support for what Backus termed function-level programming. FL is a dynamically typed strict functional programming language with throw and catch exception semantics much like in ML. Each function has an implicit history argument which is used for doing things like strictly functional input/output (I/O), but is also used for\",\n \"title\": \"FL (programming language)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5958028\",\n \"text\": \"Bradenton Athletics Bradenton Athletics were a professional American women's soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, then the premier women's soccer league in the United States and Canada, from 2004–2008, when they folded. They played in the Atlantic Division of the W-League's Eastern Conference. The team was associated with the IMG Soccer Academy, the United States Soccer Federation's full-time youth residency program, which itself is part of the larger IMG Academies organization initiated by tennis coach Nick Bollettieri in 1978. They played their home games at the IMG Soccer Academy's\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Athletics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"686076\",\n \"text\": \"34470 Belleview 13145 SE Highway 484 Belleview, FL 34420 Dunnellon 20351 Robinson Road Dunnellon, FL 34431 Forest 905 S. Highway 314A Ocklawaha, FL 32179 Freedom 5870 SW 95th St. Ocala, FL 34476 Ft. McCoy 14660 NE Highway 315 Ft. McCoy, FL 32134 Marion Oaks 294 Marion Oaks Lane Ocala, FL 34473 Reddick 15150 NW Gainesville Road Reddick, FL 32686 Local bus service is provided by SunTran. Since 1980 Marion County has become a solidly Republican county. Marion County, Florida Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 331,298.\",\n \"title\": \"Marion County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11468498\",\n \"text\": \"indicates the player later participated in the MLB All-Star Game. A cross (†) indicates the player was named FSL All-Star Game MVP. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Bradenton Marauders The Bradenton Marauders are a minor league baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida, that plays in the Florida State League. The Marauders are the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Their home games are played at LECOM Park, which also serves as the Pirates' spring training facility. The franchise can be directly traced to 1957 as the Tampa Tarpons, a team in the Florida State League, then\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Marauders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5743760\",\n \"text\": \"women's W-League. \\\"As of June 23, 2014.\\\" \\\"This list of notable former players comprises players who went on to play professional soccer after playing for the team in the Premier Development League, or those who previously played professionally before joining the team.\\\" Attendance stats are calculated by averaging each team's self-reported home attendances from the historical match archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20100105175057/http://www.uslsoccer.com/history/index_E.html. IMG Academy Bradenton IMG Academy Bradenton is an American soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida, United States. Founded in 1998, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The team is associated with\",\n \"title\": \"IMG Academy Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16259039\",\n \"text\": \"Bradenton Growers The Bradenton Growers were a professional baseball team based in Bradenton, Florida. A charter member of the Florida State League, they played from to . The ballclub was founded by team president and majority owner Robert M. Beall, Sr., founder of the department store Bealls. The Growers originally played their home games at Ninth Street Park and moved into McKechnie Field, then known as City Park, when it was constructed in . Many of the Growers rosters include players' names with question marks, last names only, and no dates of birth or hometowns. However, several notable Growers did\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Growers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"799424\",\n \"text\": \"is served by the Hernando County Public Library System. The system has four branches. 238 Howell Ave Brooksville, FL 34601 6457 Windmere Road Brooksville, FL 34602 6335 Blackbird Avenue Brooksville, FL 34613 9220 Spring Hill Drive Spring Hill, FL 34608 All branches can be reached by calling (352) 754-4043 Hernando County, Florida Hernando County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 172,778. Its county seat is Brooksville, and its largest community is Spring Hill. Hernando County is included in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2005,\",\n \"title\": \"Hernando County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7745466\",\n \"text\": \"changed along with its community. The \\\"Herald\\\" shed its \\\"evening\\\" past on Jan. 1, 1983, when it became a morning publication. The next year, it moved from its cramped, old downtown building to an 87,000-square-foot building, where it also shed its aging Linotype machines for offset printing. It published its last edition on 13th Street on July 7, 1984, and its first edition on Manatee Avenue on July 8, 1984. The \\\"Herald\\\" entered cyberspace in January 1996 when its website, www.Bradenton.com, was launched as Bradenton Herald Internet Plus (BHIP). The Bradenton Herald The Bradenton Herald is a newspaper based in\",\n \"title\": \"The Bradenton Herald\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11468496\",\n \"text\": \"a black bill and the uniquely styled \\\"B\\\" logo on the cap representing the City of Bradenton. The gold cap is reminiscent of the one worn by the Pirates of the early 1970s. A second alternate black cap with the styled \\\"B\\\" logo is also in use. In December 2011, the team unveiled an alternate logo, that is used for select games, for use on their caps during the 2012 season. The logo features a pair of crossed bats and a smiling skull with a patch over its right eye. On May 31, 2012, the Marauders dressed in Bradenton Growers'\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Marauders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"677142\",\n \"text\": \"65 or over. The main campus of St. Johns River State College is located in Palatka (the county seat). First Coast Technical College is public, post secondary vocational school with a campus in Palatka. Putnam County has five branches that serve the area: Putnam County, Florida Putnam County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 74,364. Its county seat is Palatka. Putnam County comprises the Palatka, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Jacksonville-St. Marys-Palatka, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area. The county is centrally located between Jacksonville, Gainesville, St.\",\n \"title\": \"Putnam County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20668793\",\n \"text\": \"to the public on October 18, 2012. The Bradenton Riverwalk spans from slightly west of the Green Bridge, near South Florida Museum, to 2nd Street East, adjacent to Manatee Memorial Hospital. The Riverwalk includes playgrounds, splash pad, a lawn for picnics, a day dock for boaters, a skatepark, a botanical walk, sand volleyball courts, and a 400-seat Mosaic Amphitheater. Public art is displayed throughout the Riverwalk area. One of the art collections prominently displayed is \\\"Postcards from the Friendly City\\\". The collection consists of various large-scale art panel \\\"postcards\\\" depicting the history of the Manatee River and Bradenton area. Several\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Riverwalk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666558\",\n \"text\": \"four head-end sections. The 1200mm head end was a preset aperture type, so the lens had to be stopped down manually for exposure. The original FL 1200mm is now a rare and very valuable collector's item. The only known existence of the entire set of the four lenses in this series is in a private collection located in Indiana, USA. Canon FL 1200mm lens The Canon FL 1200mm f/11 was a super-telephoto lens marketed by Japanese optical manufacturer Canon in June 1972. It was the longest super-telephoto lens in the Canon FL system. The lens was part of a group\",\n \"title\": \"Canon FL 1200mm lens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"818735\",\n \"text\": \"Wakulla County, Florida Wakulla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,776. Its county seat is Crawfordville. Wakulla County is part of the Tallahassee, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. Wakulla County has a near-absence of any municipal population, with two small municipalities holding about 3% of the population. The county seat, Crawfordville, is one of only two unincorporated county seats among Florida's 67 counties. In 1528, Pánfilo de Narváez found his way to what would be Wakulla County from the future Pinellas County, Florida, camping at the confluence of\",\n \"title\": \"Wakulla County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"799361\",\n \"text\": \"Gilchrist County, Florida Gilchrist County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Florida. Organized in 1925 from the western part of Alachua, it is the last county to be formed in the state. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,939. The county seat is Trenton. Gilchrist County is included in the Gainesville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. Gilchrist County was created in 1925, the last county organized in Florida. It was named for Albert W. Gilchrist, Governor of Florida from 1909 to 1913. It was formed by residents of what was then western Alachua County, as\",\n \"title\": \"Gilchrist County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7745465\",\n \"text\": \"1926, when the Saturday publication was replaced by a Sunday edition and the name was changed to \\\"The Bradenton Herald\\\". In 1953 the Saturday edition resumed. His son, Alvah H. Chapman Jr., would follow in his father's footsteps and retired in 1989 as chairman of Knight-Ridder Inc., which was then the publisher of \\\"The Bradenton Herald\\\". The Page Corp. had become part of Knight Newspapers Inc. in 1973; Knight Newspapers and Ridder Publications Inc. merged in 1974 and the \\\"Herald\\\" became a KR paper. From its modest beginnings in 1922 as \\\"The Evening Herald\\\", \\\"The Bradenton Herald\\\" has grown and\",\n \"title\": \"The Bradenton Herald\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17583936\",\n \"text\": \"festival took place on December 5, 2015 and was attended by over 3000 fans. The \\\"Bradenton Herald\\\" described the festival as \\\"The biggest live music event in Bradenton\\\" and went on to say the 2015 event \\\"was as big a hit this year as it has been each year since it began in 2012.\\\" In 2015, website Blues 411 named the Bradenton Blues Festival \\\"Best Festival of the Year.\\\" The line-up featured In Layman Terms, Girls with Guitars, Super Chikan and the Fighting Cocks, Larry Garner, Mike Zito and The Wheel, Joanna Connor, Rick Estrin & The Nightcats, and Janiva\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Blues Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"951356\",\n \"text\": \"Camden County, Georgia Camden County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 50,513. Its county seat is Woodbine, and the largest city is St. Marys. It is one of the original counties of Georgia, created February 5, 1777. It is the 11th largest county in the state of Georgia by area, and the 41st largest by population. Camden County comprises the St. Marys, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Jacksonville-St. Marys-Palatka, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area. The first recorded European to visit what\",\n \"title\": \"Camden County, Georgia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"677137\",\n \"text\": \"Putnam County, Florida Putnam County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 74,364. Its county seat is Palatka. Putnam County comprises the Palatka, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Jacksonville-St. Marys-Palatka, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area. The county is centrally located between Jacksonville, Gainesville, St. Augustine, and Daytona Beach. Putnam County was created in 1849. It was Florida's 28th county created from parts of St. Johns, Alachua, Orange, Duval, and Marion counties. The county was named for Benjamin A. Putnam, who was a soldier in the First Seminole\",\n \"title\": \"Putnam County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1033419\",\n \"text\": \"from nearby Bradenton. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (50.00%) is water. However, according to the Bradenton Beach government website, it has an area of five square miles. At the 2000 census, there were 1,482 people, 803 households and 391 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,704.9 per square mile (1,040.4/km²). There were 1,762 housing units at an average density of 3,215.9 per square mile (1,236.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.52% White, 0.27% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.13% Asian,\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Beach, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7109536\",\n \"text\": \"move was a result of the team losing $1 million during their first season. In Daytona the team had an 11-11 record and were in 4th place when the Senior Professional Baseball Association ceased operations on December 28, 1990. Bradenton Explorers The Bradenton Explorers were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in . That season, the club compiled a record of 38-34, finishing in second place in the league's Northern Division, narrowly holding off the Orlando Juice. Jim Morrison led the league with 17 home runs, and pitcher Rick Lysander added\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Explorers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7109535\",\n \"text\": \"Bradenton Explorers The Bradenton Explorers were one of the eight original franchises that began play in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in . That season, the club compiled a record of 38-34, finishing in second place in the league's Northern Division, narrowly holding off the Orlando Juice. Jim Morrison led the league with 17 home runs, and pitcher Rick Lysander added a league-high 11 saves. In the playoffs, the Explorers lost to the St. Petersburg Pelicans, who went on to become league champions. However the following season, the team was relocated to Daytona Beach, becoming the Daytona Beach Explorers. The\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Explorers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16259040\",\n \"text\": \"make it into the majors. Logan Drake played from - as a relief pitcher for the Cleveland Indians. Walter Cleveland \\\"Lefty\\\" Stewart played 10 seasons in the majors for the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators, and Cleveland Indians. He also pitched in game 1 of the 1933 World Series for the Senators. Another Grower, Gene Elliott, played for New York Highlanders in before playing in Bradenton. Hank Johnson, a Bradenton native, also played for the Growers in . He would go on to win the 1928 World Series, as a member of the New York Yankees. Other major\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Growers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758251\",\n \"text\": \"development organization that we all wish we had in our communities. It supports the efforts of the city's planning department by engaging the residents, business people, and visitors in community planning activities and public events. In doing so, Realize Bradenton improves the quality of life and livability of the city for all.\\\" Realize Bradenton was recognized with the Tampa Bay Business Journal's \\\"2014 Public & Societal Benefit Nonprofit of the Year\\\" award on June 5, 2014. The award recognizes Tampa Bay-based 501(c)(3), non-foundation community organizations benefiting residents of Greater Tampa Bay who are fiscally responsible and accountable with regard to\",\n \"title\": \"Realize Bradenton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11468490\",\n \"text\": \"features two crossed bats behind a skull wearing an eye patch. Bradenton missed the playoffs again in 2013, however the line-up once again featured the top prospect for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Gregory Polanco. Shortstop Alen Hanson, Polanco, and starting pitcher Nick Kingham represented Bradenton at the 52nd Annual FSL All-Star Game. Jeff Locke also became the first Marauders player to make the roster for the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In 2014 the journey of current Marauders' player Rinku Singh from India to professional baseball was portrayed in the movie \\\"Million Dollar Arm\\\". The film starred Jon Hamm and was\",\n \"title\": \"Bradenton Marauders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17523426\",\n \"text\": \"FL-Group FL-Group is a Danish family-owned transport and logistics company, active in the Northern part of Europe. The FL-Group's main segment is FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods). The main areas of business: The primary area is logistics in the Northern part of Europe and transport between Scandinavia and the rest of Europe. The company headquarters is in Vitten, northwest of Aarhus, Denmark. The FL-Group includes: Frode Laursen A/S: represents the largest part of the activities of the FL-Group and includes FMCG logistics in Scandinavia and Northern Germany with its own warehouse. Frode Laursen A/S offers pickup from factories in Europe to\",\n \"title\": \"FL-Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8359096\",\n \"text\": \"plastic cladding up front. The corners are also new, as is the front bumper. The interior is also improved, with particular concern for entry and exit. As a part of the Euro 6 renewal of the FL, a 12-tonne version was also launched. It means a lighter and lower truck compared to the 2006 Volvo FL. It uses a four-cylinder D4 with 240 horsepower. Volvo FL The Volvo FL is Volvo's smallest truck and is suitable for local and regional distribution operations, refuse collection, construction truck or small format tractor. The Volvo FL has been built since the summer of\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo FL\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2202856\",\n \"text\": \"FL Studio FL Studio (formerly known as FruityLoops) is a digital audio workstation developed by the Belgian company Image-Line. FL Studio features a graphical user interface based on a pattern-based music sequencer. The program is available in four different editions for Microsoft Windows and macOS, including Fruity Edition, Producer Edition, Signature Bundle, and All Plugins Bundle. Image-Line offers lifetime free updates to the program, which means customers receive all future updates of the software for free. Image-Line also develops FL Studio Mobile for iPod Touch, iPhone, iPad and Android devices. FL Studio can also be used as a VST instrument\",\n \"title\": \"FL Studio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4060007\",\n \"text\": \"set L of decision problems which can be solved in deterministic logspace. FL is a subset of FP, the set of function problems which can be solved in deterministic polynomial time. FL is known to contain several natural problems, including arithmetic on numbers. Addition, subtraction and multiplication of two numbers are fairly simple, but achieving division is a far deeper problem which was open for decades. Similarly one may define FNL, which has the same relation with NL as FNP has with NP. FL (complexity) In computational complexity theory, the complexity class FL is the set of function problems which\",\n \"title\": \"FL (complexity)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17798901\",\n \"text\": \"of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \\\"An absorbing narrative and talented cast help \\\"Big Time in Hollywood, FL\\\" balance its occasionally obnoxious antics with witty slapstick.\\\" On Metacritic, the season has a score of 68 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Big Time in Hollywood, FL Big Time in Hollywood, FL is an American comedy television series created and written by Alex Anfanger and Dan Schimpf. A 10-episode first season was ordered by the American cable television network Comedy Central, which premiered on March 25, 2015. Comedy Central made no official cancellation statement, however\",\n \"title\": \"Big Time in Hollywood, FL\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17798900\",\n \"text\": \"Big Time in Hollywood, FL Big Time in Hollywood, FL is an American comedy television series created and written by Alex Anfanger and Dan Schimpf. A 10-episode first season was ordered by the American cable television network Comedy Central, which premiered on March 25, 2015. Comedy Central made no official cancellation statement, however on September 25, 2015, series star Lenny Jacobson confirmed that there would not be a second season. \\\"Big Time in Hollywood, FL\\\" received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 73%, based on 11 reviews, with an average rating\",\n \"title\": \"Big Time in Hollywood, FL\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17523430\",\n \"text\": \"and warehouse in Kerava (Helsinki) is established. FL Polska in Szcezcin starts up. \\\" 2010:\\\" 'Acquisition of logistics company Nielsen and Soerensen GMBH in Flensburg, the warehouse Pack Scandinavia in Odense and the transport company Elementtransporten A/S. \\\" 2011:\\\" 'Established in Oslo, Norway \\\" 2012:\\\" '57% of the share of Agri Norcold A/S is acquired. FL-Group FL-Group is a Danish family-owned transport and logistics company, active in the Northern part of Europe. The FL-Group's main segment is FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods). The main areas of business: The primary area is logistics in the Northern part of Europe and transport between\",\n \"title\": \"FL-Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"806021\",\n \"text\": \"Okeechobee County, Florida Okeechobee County () is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,996. The county seat is Okeechobee. Okeechobee County comprises the Okeechobee, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL Combined Statistical Area. Okeechobee County was incorporated in 1917. It was named for Lake Okeechobee, which was itself named for the Hitchiti words \\\"oka\\\" (water) and \\\"chobi\\\" (big). Historic buildings in Okeechobee County include: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land\",\n \"title\": \"Okeechobee County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2202858\",\n \"text\": \"four-channel MIDI drum machine. Dambrin became Chief Software Architect for the program, and it quickly underwent a series of large upgrades that made it into a popular and complex digital audio workstation. FL Studio has undergone twelve major updates since its inception. On 22 May 2018, a macOS-compatible version of FL Studio was released. FL Studio 20 works on Windows 7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit versions) or on macOS 10.11/10.12/10.13. FL Studio requires a 2GHz AMD or Intel Pentium 3 CPU with full SSE1 support. It requires 2 GB of free disk space and 4 GB of RAM is recommended. FL\",\n \"title\": \"FL Studio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8359087\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo FL The Volvo FL is Volvo's smallest truck and is suitable for local and regional distribution operations, refuse collection, construction truck or small format tractor. The Volvo FL has been built since the summer of 1985 in a variety of different models of different weight ratings. The latest model has been sold since 2013. Volvo had lost much of its global market share in the medium weight segment by the 1970s and thus felt compelled to develop an entire new range of trucks to regain competitiveness. \\\"FL\\\" stands for \\\"Forward Cab\\\" and \\\"Low-level Cab\\\". The FL6 and the larger\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo FL\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"792040\",\n \"text\": \"Charlotte County, Florida Charlotte County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 159,978. Its county seat is Punta Gorda. Charlotte County comprises the Punta Gorda, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the North Port-Sarasota, FL Combined Statistical Area. Charlotte County was established April 23, 1921. It was named for the Bay of Charlotte Harbor. \\\"Charlotte\\\" came from \\\"Carlota\\\" (Spanish). In 1565, the Spanish named \\\"Bahia de Carlota,\\\" followed by the English in 1775 who named the area Charlotte Harbor in tribute to the Queen Charlotte Sophia, wife\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2202864\",\n \"text\": \"recognized as a focal point for the FL Studio community. After initially buying the software, all future updates are free for a lifetime. FL Studio FL Studio (formerly known as FruityLoops) is a digital audio workstation developed by the Belgian company Image-Line. FL Studio features a graphical user interface based on a pattern-based music sequencer. The program is available in four different editions for Microsoft Windows and macOS, including Fruity Edition, Producer Edition, Signature Bundle, and All Plugins Bundle. Image-Line offers lifetime free updates to the program, which means customers receive all future updates of the software for free. Image-Line\",\n \"title\": \"FL Studio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"792050\",\n \"text\": \"more space for the youth services department, a new computer lab, and an archives run by the historical department. Charlotte County, Florida Charlotte County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 159,978. Its county seat is Punta Gorda. Charlotte County comprises the Punta Gorda, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the North Port-Sarasota, FL Combined Statistical Area. Charlotte County was established April 23, 1921. It was named for the Bay of Charlotte Harbor. \\\"Charlotte\\\" came from \\\"Carlota\\\" (Spanish). In 1565, the Spanish named \\\"Bahia de Carlota,\\\" followed\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte County, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16280376\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Beaumont (fl.1639) Robert Beaumont (\\\"fl\\\". 1639), essayist, is chiefly remarkable for his \\\"Missives\\\", which appear, from one part of Beaumont's epistle to the reader, to be his own composition, and from another part to be the composition of others. But the former intimation has the stronger support. \\\"Letters\\\", he says, \\\"should be like a well-furnished table, where every guest may eat of what dish he pleases.\\\" This reminds us of Bickerstaff's once-popular opera, \\\"Love in a Village\\\" There are fifteen essays on the various parts of the body–the head, eye, nose, ear, tongue, and so forth. They are full\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Beaumont (fl.1639)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8359093\",\n \"text\": \"and user friendly. The Volvo FL transmission is offered as a manual or as an automatic. The manual gearbox made by ZF ZF Friedrichshafen AG for the Volvo FL has full synchromesh, 9-speed and a wide range of gear ratios. The manual gearbox also features an easy-changing gear selector that requires little pressure to operate. The Automatic gearboxes made by Allison for the Volvo FL are available in several variants adapted to different engine models in 5-speed versions. Volvo FL gearboxes are fitted with a hydraulic torque converter to give superior starting traction and offer a high level of performance\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo FL\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18314067\",\n \"text\": \"even indicates that Thimbron was slain in personal combat by Struthas himself. What was left of his army was subsequently incorporated into a new army under Diphridas. It is likely that this Thimbron is the same one mentioned by Aristotle as writing a treatise on the Spartan Constitution. Thimbron (fl. 400–391 BC) Thimbron or Thibron (Greek: ; fl. 400–391 BC) was a Spartan general. He was sent out as harmost in 400 BC, with an army of about 5,000 men, composed of 1,000 emancipated helots and 4,000 other Peleponesians, to aid the Ionians against Tissaphernes, who wished to bring them\",\n \"title\": \"Thimbron (fl. 400–391 BC)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9605244\",\n \"text\": \"Harley-Davidson FL The Harley-Davidson FL is a model designation used on Harley-Davidson motorcycles since 1941. The FL prefix is mostly applied to Harley-Davidson's large-framed bikes, including the current Touring series, and also the Softail series, especially those with traditional styling, 16-inch front wheels, and either Springer forks or large-diameter telescopic front forks. The FL was introduced to the Harley-Davidson model line in 1941. It used a version of the \\\"Knucklehead\\\" OHV engine that powered the EL in form. The FL shared its frame with the EL and with the U and UL, which used a 74 cubic inch flathead engine.\",\n \"title\": \"Harley-Davidson FL\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["manatee county"],"string":"[\n \"manatee county\"\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":11,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":2457,"offset":1100,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImtpZCI6IjVHZDBvd0g5MTM2eDZjc1FvbE1zcktNWUZoRVFoUm5PVVVybEpjOUhaUEEifQ.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc4NjIzMDMwNSwianRpIjoiMjY4ZTA5MWUtODNhZi00NGFjLWEzM2MtNTkyMzUwOGM4YTY0Iiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3ZzZWFyY2gvd2VicSIsImV4cCI6MTc4NjIzMzkwNSwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9odWdnaW5nZmFjZS5jbyJ9.j1rkRUPQQOpbZxFlu2uhpI1-fdyACKmH7RIYuuQc_Ahueorsps2X2DXzHlRR_OYT1yUncNzhzjQdlBB7RNyXAQ","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":2457,"numBytesParquet":78323682},{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":278,"numBytesParquet":8786475},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":2032,"numBytesParquet":124921}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
question stringlengths 16 81 | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
what events led to napoleon's downfall? | [
{
"psg_id": "781857",
"text": "under the dome at Les Invalides. The cause of his death has been debated. Napoleon's physician, François Carlo Antommarchi, led the autopsy, which found the cause of death to be stomach cancer. Antommarchi did not sign the official report. Napoleon's father had died of stomach... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18078110",
"text": "\"the Manichean view of the case: good versus evil, light versus darkness\", without accounting for any middle ground. Gregor Gall, who went on to write his own book about the Sheridan affair, said \"Downfall\" presented \"somewhat shallow\" analysis, and that there was \"an... | [
"arsenic poisoning",
"stomach cancer"
] |
in which state did the santa fe trail begin? | [
{
"psg_id": "3449727",
"text": "increased later on to prevent Native American raids. The travelers also packed more oxen instead of mules because the Native Americans did not want to risk raiding the caravans only for some oxen. Segments of this trail in Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico are listed... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11807356",
"text": "Santa Fe Trail Remains The Santa Fe Trail Remains, also known as Santa Fe Trail Ruts, are a two-mile (3 km) section of the former long Santa Fe Trail, described as the \"longest continuous stretch of clearly defined Santa Fe Trail rut remains in Kansas.\" Now owned by a pres... | [
"new mexico"
] |
where is whitey bulger? | [
{
"psg_id": "2933215",
"text": "Whitey Bulger James Joseph Bulger Jr. (; September 3, 1929 – October 30, 2018), known as Whitey Bulger, was an Irish-American organized crime boss, gangster, and FBI informant, who led the Winter Hill Gang in the Winter Hill district of Somerville, Boston. Federal prosecutors... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2933275",
"text": "a suicide. Greig met Bulger in her late 20s, after she divorced Bobby McGonagle. She worked as a dental hygienist. Greig has been described as intelligent, hardworking and educated, although very subservient to, and dominated by, Bulger. She and Bulger lived together for a ti... | [
"boston"
] |
who created youtube? | [
{
"psg_id": "6756798",
"text": "YouTube YouTube, LLC is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. Three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—created the service in February 2005. Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15012030",
"text": "The Station (YouTube) The Station was an online sketch channel on YouTube created by a number of popular YouTube celebrities in the summer of 2009. After a brief disappearance, The Station re-launched in April 2010, later to end in October 2011. The Station was originally cr... | [
"chad hurley",
"steve chen",
"jawed karim"
] |
what to do in hong kong for a week? | [
{
"psg_id": "19411286",
"text": "a brand; the Hong Kong Disneyland has been parodied as \"Buddhaland\". Music sampling in Hong Kong Sampling (also known in Hong Kong as secondary creation or second production) changes, edits or adds new elements to an existing song, commonly to express an opinion. According... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14027760",
"text": "the products that suit their business, highlights include: Intimate Wear Zone, World of Fashion Accessories, Emporium de Mode, Infant & Children’s Wear, Bridal & Evening Wear, Garment Mart, Fashion Gallery, Fabrics & Yarn as well as Sewing Supplies. Hong Kong Fashion Week fo... | [
"victoria peak",
"hong kong museum of art",
"dr sun yat-sen museum",
"kowloon walled city",
"po lin monastery",
"hong kong disneyland",
"ten thousand buddhas monastery",
"lantau island"
] |
what currency does greece use 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "69242",
"text": "currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13810778",
"text": "week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million Am... | [
"euro"
] |
what influenced andy warhol's work? | [
{
"psg_id": "4649",
"text": "a fine art gallery, homoerotic drawings of male nudes, were rejected for being too openly gay. In \"Popism\", furthermore, the artist recalls a conversation with the film maker Emile de Antonio about the difficulty Warhol had being accepted socially by the then-more-famous (but ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4660",
"text": "the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts began. The foundation serves as the estate of Andy Warhol, but also has a mission \"to foster innovative artistic expression and the creative process\" and is \"focused primarily on supporting work of a challenging and often experim... | [
"jasper johns",
"jack smith",
"truman capote",
"tom of finland",
"ben shahn",
"marcel duchamp"
] |
what is fresno state's zip code? | [
{
"psg_id": "8152671",
"text": "Rolinda, California Rolinda is a small unincorporated agricultural community in Fresno County, California, United States. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad west of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m). It is located along State Route 180. Official ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "620884",
"text": "has its own PO box with the ZIP+4 code of 22313-1451, and some offices within that part of the USPTO use the 22314 ZIP Code. In rare circumstances, a locality is assigned a ZIP Code that does not match the rest of the state. In even rarer cases a ZIP Code may cross state lines... | [
"93702",
"93703",
"93701",
"93706",
"93707",
"93704",
"93705",
"93650",
"93708",
"93709"
] |
who is angelina jolie husband name? | [
{
"psg_id": "8171992",
"text": "for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). As a public figure, Jolie has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry. For a number of years, she was cited as the world's most beautiful woman by vario... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8172078",
"text": "beauty\", with her full lips remaining the most imitated celebrity feature well into the 2010s. After a 2011 repeat survey by \"Allure\" found that Jolie most represented the American beauty ideal, compared to model Christie Brinkley in 1991, writer Elizabeth Angell credited ... | [
"brad pitt"
] |
what is the present form of government in iran? | [
{
"psg_id": "19589353",
"text": "are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107-112). The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran is officially a theocratic republic. Article 2 of Constitution explains the principles of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Rep... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19495359",
"text": "Western Iran clashes (2016–present) 2016–present clashes in West Iran refers to the ongoing military clashes between Kurdish insurgent party Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI) and the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, which began in April 2016. Kurdistan Freedom Party ... | [
"islamic republic",
"theocracy",
"unitary state"
] |
what were marco polo's goals? | [
{
"psg_id": "255833",
"text": "is named after the explorer, who described it during his crossing of Pamir (ancient Mount Imeon) in 1271. In 1851, a three-masted Clipper built in Saint John, New Brunswick also took his name; the \"Marco Polo\" was the first ship to sail around the world in under six months. ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4738914",
"text": "service between England and Australia to take advantage of the growing emigrant movement following the Australian gold rush. On \"Marco Polo\"s first voyage to Australia, the clipper carried over 900 people. Of them, 138 were Cabin or Intermediate class and 750 steerage and 6... | [
"explorer"
] |
who did marco polo travel with? | [
{
"psg_id": "255786",
"text": "historical sources considered them to be of Dalmatian origin. The lack of evidence makes the Korčula theory (probably under Ramusio influence) as a specific birthplace strongly disputed, and even some Croatian scholars consider it justly invented. In 1168, his great-uncle, Mar... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15832704",
"text": "adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility.\" Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 boo... | [
"niccolò polo",
"nicole anna defuseh"
] |
where does bill richardson live? | [
{
"psg_id": "2324486",
"text": "on November 7, 2006, 68–32% against former New Mexico Republican Party Chairman John Dendahl. Richardson received the highest percentage of votes in any gubernatorial election in the state's history. In December 2006, Richardson announced that he would support a ban on cockfi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2324467",
"text": "his father's secretary. Richardson's father was born on a ship heading towards Nicaragua. Just before Bill Richardson was born, his father sent his mother to California to give birth because, as Richardson explained, \"My father had a complex about not having been born in the... | [
"new mexico"
] |
what system of government is used in the united states of america? | [
{
"psg_id": "1602822",
"text": "the Supreme Court. The full name of the republic is \"United States of America\". No other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party (e.g. \"Charles T. Schenck v. United States\"). The ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1602823",
"text": "terms \"Federal\" and \"National\" in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government (Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Park Service). Because the seat of government is in ... | [
"presidential system",
"federal republic",
"representative democracy",
"two-party system",
"constitutional republic",
"republic"
] |
what did the habsburg family control? | [
{
"psg_id": "11174977",
"text": "German-speaking portions of the western half of the Habsburg realm (mostly the Danubian and Alpine provinces) proclaimed Deutschösterreich a republic (and a part of the new German republic). In the night after his proclamation Charles I and his family left Schönbrunn Palace ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11174989",
"text": "Settlement Fund for Victims of National Socialism (decisions 5/2004, 6/2004, 7/2004) has declared that it lacks jurisdiction over applications of the Habsburg family, for reasons of constitutional and international law. In a subsequent complaint of the Habsburg family concer... | [
"kingdom of hungary",
"kingdom of bohemia",
"holy roman empire",
"kingdom of ireland",
"kingdom of portugal",
"slovenia",
"austria",
"croatia",
"german empire",
"kingdom of england"
] |
what songs has madonna written? | [
{
"psg_id": "5603304",
"text": "of the songs. He handed over that cassette to Madonna, who went to the backroom and finished the melody and the lyrics of the songs, while Leonard worked on the other parts. The uptempo song developed was \"Who's That Girl\", the first single from the soundtrack, and the down... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4069806",
"text": "written by Madonna for Kamins, who previously promised to play the track at Danceteria. However, the track was instead used by Madonna for the album, which she planned to call \"Lucky Star\". She believed that \"Lucky Star\", along with \"Borderline\", were the perfect founda... | [
"masterpiece",
"die another day",
"i'll remember",
"give me all your luvin'",
"future lovers",
"future lovers/i feel love",
"like a prayer",
"this used to be my playground",
"gang bang",
"who's that girl"
] |
what countries are located in the netherlands? | [
{
"psg_id": "15726648",
"text": "Netherlands' liberal legislation regarding sexual orientation, and have not legalized same-sex marriages. However, the Netherlands Supreme Court in 2007 declared that all marriages contracted in the different parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands should be accepted in the ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12360533",
"text": "kingdom's land area and population—on behalf of the entire kingdom. Consequently, the Caribbean Sea islands countries of Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are dependent on the Netherlands for matters like foreign policy and defence, although they are autonomous to a certain d... | [
"kingdom of the netherlands"
] |
who was andrew johnson and what did he do? | [
{
"psg_id": "14354",
"text": "References Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. A... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8334567",
"text": "– 0:31 16. \"A Little Buzz\" – 2:46 17. \"Kids Didn't Change\" – 0:54 18. \"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You ... | [
"united states representative",
"vice president of the united states",
"united states senator",
"president of the united states",
"governor of tennessee"
] |
what are the best hotels to stay in san francisco? | [
{
"psg_id": "7483963",
"text": "Best Historic Hotel in the over 400 guest room category by Historic Hotels of America, an initiative of the U.S. National Trust for Historic Preservation. Palace Hotel, San Francisco The Palace Hotel is a landmark historic hotel in San Francisco, California, located at the so... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5119310",
"text": "By March 2002, the album had sold over 120,000 copies, becoming one of Vagrant's best-selling releases. \"Stay What You Are\" reached number 100 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. In the years since its release, \"Stay What You Are\" is widely regarded as a classic and a ... | [
"w san francisco",
"hostelling international, city center",
"palace hotel, san francisco",
"clift"
] |
who was lincoln's vice president when he died? | [
{
"psg_id": "10939547",
"text": "is outraged when he hears Lincoln making a speech promising African-Americans citizenship and the vote. His plan to kidnap turns into a murder plot. He decides to assassinate Lincoln at Ford's Theatre and orders Paine to kill Secretary Of State William Seward and orders anot... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "626657",
"text": "clubs) one or multiple vice presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (fo... | [
"andrew johnson"
] |
where did pope benedict xvi live? | [
{
"psg_id": "9065546",
"text": "Pope Benedict XVI and Islam During his papal tenure, Pope Benedict XVI focused on building on the outreach of his predecessors towards Islam, particularly, the efforts of Pope John Paul II, who experts say has established trust and opened opportunities for dialogue with Musli... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "509449",
"text": "Stefan Oster of Benedict XVI with a black eye; the bishop and author Peter Seewald visited the former pope on 26 October since the pair were presenting Benedict XVI with the new book \"Benedict XVI – The German Pope\" which the Passau diocese created. The former pope suffered ... | [
"germany"
] |
what race did dan wheldon died in? | [
{
"psg_id": "3335750",
"text": "address system. \"I think D-Dub would be proud of that one.\" In July 2013, \"Autosport\" magazine named Wheldon one of the 50 greatest drivers to have never raced in Formula One. In 2014, the Wheldons were honoured with the \"Dan and Susie Wheldon Make a Difference Award\", ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3335751",
"text": "the 2011 IndyCar Championships and now works for Fox Sports, and motorsport publicist Brent Brush placed a Dan Wheldon Memorial plaque outside Turn 2 near the point Wheldon was killed. The Dan Wheldon International Driver Trophy was awarded to the best performing internationa... | [
"las vegas motor speedway"
] |
what language brazil use? | [
{
"psg_id": "7883557",
"text": "Tupi language was not spoken. Then, until the 1940s this language based on Tupi was widely spoken in some Northern Amazonian areas where the Tupi people were not present. In 1775, Marquês de Pombal prohibited the use of Língua geral or any other indigenous language in Brazil.... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13581662",
"text": "to the examination dates and remains open for about one month. In Argentina: In Brazil: In Germany: In France: In Russia: The following Universities are currently part of the Consortium: Certificate of Use of Language in Spanish The Certificate of Use of Language in Spanish,... | [
"portuguese language"
] |
where is tommy emmanuel from? | [
{
"psg_id": "5131621",
"text": "Tommy Emmanuel William Thomas Emmanuel AM (born 31 May 1955) is an Australian guitarist, songwriter, and singer, best known for his complex fingerstyle technique, energetic performances, and the use of percussive effects on the guitar. Although originally a session player in ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15301578",
"text": "fingerpicking to the barn-burning instrumentals that have become a cornerstone of his live shows.\" adding \"With so many moving parts on this album, from different guests to genres, Emmanuel has created one of the most accessible albums of his career, one that’s sure to ins... | [
"australia"
] |
with which country does south africa border? | [
{
"psg_id": "16809235",
"text": "by a beacon at Quaneka Neck. From this beacon it follows the drainage divide between the Orange River and Vaal River basins to Mont-aux-Sources. All ten districts of Lesotho touch the border, as do three provinces of South Africa: the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and the Easter... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "750626",
"text": "towards extinction. Multiple entities are working to combat the effects of degradation and drought. In the Port Elizabeth region, national NGO Living Lands had in cooperation with an agricultural insurance company, planted 3.7 million trees as of late 2015, in order to restore... | [
"lesotho",
"zimbabwe",
"mozambique",
"swaziland",
"namibia",
"botswana"
] |
what countries in the world speak german? | [
{
"psg_id": "6260747",
"text": "German Doctors for Developing Countries German Doctors e.V. is a humanitarian aid organization which operates in third world countries, especially in slums and rural areas. About 300 voluntary doctors are sent to Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Sierra Leone and the Philippines each... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6260757",
"text": "one doctor and former Bundesbank president Hans Tietmeyer. German Doctors is member of or supports the following associations: Bündnis Entwicklung hilft, Initiative Transparente Zivilgesellschaft, VENRO, Aktionsbündnis gegen AIDS. German Doctors for Developing Countries Germa... | [
"canada",
"german democratic republic",
"luxembourg",
"switzerland",
"liechtenstein",
"germany",
"west germany",
"belgium",
"vatican city",
"second polish republic"
] |
who plays effy in skins uk? | [
{
"psg_id": "9392802",
"text": "former \"Skins\" stars Hannah Murray as Cassie, Jack O'Connell as Cook and Kaya Scodelario as Effy in three individual stories. Lily Loveless as Naomi and Kathryn Prescott as Emily also starred in guest roles. The three stories have their own titles: \"Skins Fire\" (Effy), \"... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14801155",
"text": "Josh injected Effy with clean, pure pharmaceuticals. Jim and Anthea arrive at the hospital and assume Tony supplied Effy with drugs. However, Sid defends Tony. Tony thanks him and tells Sid that he is finished with being self-centered and wishes to become a better person. Ef... | [
"kaya scodelario"
] |
what countries use the euro as official currency? | [
{
"psg_id": "13039397",
"text": "considering making the euro a third official currency of the country to go along with the US dollar and the Balboa. In various countries the euro is accepted by some merchants albeit not being official currency there. Additionally sometimes it is used for pricing purposes ev... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18209161",
"text": "Euro Currency Index, since the competitiveness of European goods in comparison to other countries and trading partners is included in it. On September 13, 2005 Dow Jones & Company published two versions of the index, the Dow Jones Euro Currency Index (DJEURO) and the Dow Jon... | [
"italy",
"portugal",
"finland",
"luxembourg",
"france",
"slovenia",
"austria",
"germany",
"greece",
"spain"
] |
which college did obama graduated? | [
{
"psg_id": "2826752",
"text": "College. In February 1981, Obama made his first public speech, calling for Occidental to participate in the disinvestment from South Africa in response to that nation's policy of apartheid. In mid-1981, Obama traveled to Indonesia to visit his mother and half-sister Maya, and... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2826749",
"text": "years in Jakarta, he was able to speak Indonesian fluently as a child. During his time in Indonesia, Obama's step-father taught him to be resilient and gave him \"a pretty hardheaded assessment of how the world works\". In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to live with his mat... | [
"columbia university"
] |
who is henry david thoreau? | [
{
"psg_id": "536932",
"text": "work \"Walden\" by illustrating the irrelevance of their inquiries: Recent criticism has accused Thoreau of hypocrisy, misanthropy, and being sanctimonious, based on his writings in \"Walden\", although this criticism has been perceived as highly selective. Henry David Thoreau... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "536923",
"text": "Teale, Joseph Wood Krutch, B. F. Skinner, David Brower, and Loren Eiseley, whom \"Publishers Weekly\" called \"the modern Thoreau\". English writer Henry Stephens Salt wrote a biography of Thoreau in 1890, which popularized Thoreau's ideas in Britain: George Bernard Shaw, Edwa... | [
"poet"
] |
who are richard pryor children? | [
{
"psg_id": "5545320",
"text": "Rain Pryor Rain Pryor (born July 16, 1969) is an American actress and comedian. She is the daughter of the late comedian Richard Pryor. Pryor was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Shelley R. (née Bonus) and comedian Richard Pryor. Rain Pryor's mother was a Jewi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1768441",
"text": "May 31, 2013, Showtime debuted the documentary \"\" directed by Emmy Award–winning filmmaker Marina Zenovich. The executive producers are Pryor's widow Jennifer Lee Pryor and Roy Ackerman. Interviewees include Dave Chappelle, Whoopi Goldberg, Jesse Jackson, Quincy Jones, Geor... | [
"franklin pryor",
"steven pryor",
"richard pryor jr.",
"rain pryor",
"kelsey pryor",
"elizabeth pryor",
"renee pryor"
] |
what highschool did bill gates graduated from? | [
{
"psg_id": "45518",
"text": "the U.S. House of Representatives. Gates was a National Merit Scholar when he graduated from Lakeside School in 1973. He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT) and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973. He chose a pre-law major but took mathe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "45542",
"text": "away half of its value, as detailed in \"The Power of Half\". Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010, Bill and Melinda Gates, and investor Warren Buffett signed a commitment they called the \"Giving Ple... | [
"lakeside school"
] |
where does the atlanta braves play? | [
{
"psg_id": "22858",
"text": "Atlanta Braves The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball franchise based in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The franchise competes in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division. The Braves played home games at Atlanta–Fulton ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "22964",
"text": "and Don Sutton. Sutton was released after the 2006 season and called Washington Nationals games on television from 2007 to 2008, but he has since returned for the 2009 season. Longtime Braves voices Skip Caray and Pete Van Wieren were the primary play-by-play voices of Braves b... | [
"turner field"
] |
what year did detroit pistons win nba championships? | [
{
"psg_id": "5918800",
"text": "2004 NBA Finals The 2004 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 2003–04 National Basketball Association season. The Finals were between the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference and the Detroit Pistons of the Eastern Conference; the Lakers held home court advanta... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "802943",
"text": "Year NBA Sixth Man of the Year NBA Coach of the Year NBA Executive of the Year NBA Sportsmanship Award J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award All-NBA First Team All-NBA Second Team All-NBA Third Team NBA All-Defensive First Team NBA All-Defensive Second Team NBA All-Rookie First ... | [
"1990 nba finals",
"2004 nba finals",
"1989 nba finals"
] |
who played danielle rousseau on lost? | [
{
"psg_id": "6447868",
"text": "Danielle Rousseau Danielle Rousseau is a fictional character on the ABC drama television series \"Lost\", which chronicles the lives of over forty people after their plane crashes on a remote island somewhere in the South Pacific. Croatian actress Mira Furlan plays the scient... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6447887",
"text": "Compora from SyFy Portal was disappointed in her death scene, noting, \"I wasn't shocked to see Danielle get killed, but the scene felt like it was tossed in just in case this had to serve as the season finale.\" Compora felt that Rousseau deserved more screen time in the epi... | [
"mira furlan",
"melissa farman"
] |
when will muharram start 2011? | [
{
"psg_id": "2562859",
"text": "from the 7th onward and on the 10th, Husayn and 72 of his followers were killed by the army of Yazid I at the Battle of Karbala on Yazid's orders. The surviving members of Husayn’s family and those of his followers were taken captive, marched to Damascus, and imprisoned there... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2562856",
"text": "and his people obtained a victory over the Egyptian Pharaoh on the 10th day of Muharram; accordingly Muhammad asked Muslims to fast on this day and on the day prior, the Day of Tasu'a. Shia Muslims mourn the death of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and his family, honoring the martyrs by pra... | [
"islamic calendar"
] |
what political party did john bell belong to? | [
{
"psg_id": "325415",
"text": "agitation\". Meanwhile, the Whigs, along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel, and independent Radicals, formed the Liberal Party under Lord Palmerston in 1859, and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class, under the long leadership of William Ewart ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20570469",
"text": "John R. Bell (trade unionist) John Robert Bell (died 25 August 1924) was a British trade unionist and political activist. Bell lived in the United States for many years, where he worked as an official with the International Seamen's Union. In 1894, he travelled to England on... | [
"know nothing",
"whig party",
"democratic party",
"national republican party",
"democratic-republican party",
"constitutional union party"
] |
what countries are part of nato? | [
{
"psg_id": "11867219",
"text": "Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic officially joined, NATO also issued new guidelines for membership with individualized \"Membership Action Plans\" for Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. In May 2000, these countri... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11867229",
"text": "and Herzegovina are currently the only countries with a Membership Action Plan, and together with Georgia, were named NATO \"aspirant countries\" at the North Atlantic Council meeting on 7 December 2011. In 2008, Greece blocked an invitation to its northern neighbor, pending... | [
"netherlands",
"poland",
"united states of america",
"united kingdom",
"germany",
"bulgaria"
] |
what religion is mary queen of scots? | [
{
"psg_id": "12949964",
"text": "The subject of Mary, Queen of Scots was a common one. Usually the operas dealt with the section of her life when she was being persecuted by Elizabeth I of England. She was considered a sympathetic character in southern Europe due to her Catholicism. Mary's story proved popu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2896247",
"text": "Mary Queen of Scots (1969 book) Mary Queen of Scots (1969) is a biography of Mary, Queen of Scots, by Antonia Fraser. A 40th-anniversary edition of the book was published in 2009. As she states in her \"Author's Note\", Fraser aims to test the truth or falsehood of the many l... | [
"catholicism"
] |
what teams does kroenke own? | [
{
"psg_id": "7920115",
"text": "both teams in December 2014. The NFL does not allow its owners to hold majority control of major league teams in other NFL markets. On October 7, 2015, the NFL approved transfer of his ownership stake of the Avalanche and Nuggets to his wife, Ann Walton Kroenke. Kroenke is th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7920120",
"text": "and on a parcel of land owned by Kroenke. The stadium is expected to open in 2020 and will be the home to the Rams and Los Angeles Chargers. In 2004, Kroenke launched his own competitor to FSN Rocky Mountain (now known as AT&T SportsNet Rocky Mountain), Altitude, a new region... | [
"st. louis rams",
"arsenal f.c.",
"colorado avalanche",
"colorado rapids",
"denver nuggets"
] |
where is kate spade from? | [
{
"psg_id": "16410680",
"text": "Kate Spade New York Kate Spade New York is an American luxury fashion design house founded in January 1993 by Kate and Andy Spade. Jack Spade is the brand's line for men. Kate Spade New York competes with Michael Kors. The company was recently purchased by, and is now part o... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5236907",
"text": "Kate Spade Katherine Noel Valentine Brosnahan (December 24, 1962 – June 5, 2018), known professionally as Kate Spade and Kate Valentine, was an American fashion designer and businesswoman. She was the founder and former co-owner of the designer brand Kate Spade New York. Afte... | [
"kansas city"
] |
what freeview channel is bbc three? | [
{
"psg_id": "13793803",
"text": "channels launched on 10 December 2013, with BBC Three and CBBC using vacant capacity on BBC's existing multiplex, while the others used the new capacity. One other HD channel, Al Jazeera English, had launched in November, also using the new multiplexes. Channel 5 +24 launche... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1302372",
"text": "the digital switch-over on 24 October 2012, there is no terrestrial analogue television being broadcast in the United Kingdom, and all broadcast terrestrial TV is delivered through digital terrestrial television. Freeview officially launched on 30 October 2002 at 5 am, when t... | [
"bbc three"
] |
when did the new york mets start playing baseball? | [
{
"psg_id": "286930",
"text": "New York Mets The New York Mets are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens. The Mets compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division. The Mets are one of two Major League clubs based... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "286971",
"text": "season. Pregame and postgame shows are hosted by Wayne Randazzo. Lewin is also the radio voice for UCLA Bruins football and basketball; Lewin's duties preclude him from calling games on weekends during the last month of the season, during which Randazzo steps in. New York Mets... | [
"1962"
] |
what party was woodrow wilson from? | [
{
"psg_id": "14240867",
"text": "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre (August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933) was a daughter of US President Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Louise Axson. She was a political activist, and \"She worked vigorously for women's suffrage, social issues, and to promote he... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19886935",
"text": "Woodrow Wilson Pace The Woodrow Wilson Pace was a harness racing major event for two-year-old Standardbred pacers run from 1977 through 2012 at the Meadowlands Racetrack in East Rutherford, New Jersey. First run in 1977 for a purse of $280,000, by 1980 the purse was $2,011,0... | [
"democratic party"
] |
what part does seth macfarlane play in family guy? | [
{
"psg_id": "17342843",
"text": "others. Seth MacFarlane filmography Seth MacFarlane is an American actor, animator, writer, producer, director, comedian, and singer. MacFarlane began his career as an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series, including \"Johnny Bravo\", \"Cow and ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2357628",
"text": "episodes it subsequently produced. Rumors of continued production on \"Family Guy\" prompted the statement from MacFarlane that \"...it would just be a colossal dick move if they did that\". During the strike, MacFarlane wrote an inside joke into an episode of \"Family Guy\" ... | [
"peter griffin",
"mickey mcfinnegan",
"stewie griffin",
"jake tucker",
"glenn quagmire",
"carter pewterschmidt",
"stan smith",
"tom tucker",
"kevin swanson",
"brian griffin"
] |
what did ben hall do? | [
{
"psg_id": "6427800",
"text": "began a disastrous association with the notorious bushranger Frank Christie, alias Gardiner. In April 1862, Ben was arrested by Police Inspector Sir Frederick Pottinger for participating in the armed robbery of Bill Bacon's drays near Forbes. Hall was identified as having bee... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16049221",
"text": "Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was release... | [
"bushranger"
] |
what type of aircraft does virgin america use? | [
{
"psg_id": "3383913",
"text": "in December 2010, and continued until after the repeal of the Wright Amendment in October 2014, when the airline leased two gates and established a focus city at Dallas Love Field and enhanced the number of connecting destinations. As a result, Virgin America transported almo... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3383920",
"text": "\"Redwood\" on January 10, 2018. The next day, on January 11, 2018, the Federal Aviation Administration issued a single operating certificate for a combined Alaska Airlines and Virgin America. Virgin America flights continued to operate using Virgin America aircraft, crew, an... | [
"airbus a319",
"airbus a320"
] |
who did george wendt play on cheers? | [
{
"psg_id": "2541186",
"text": "George Wendt George Robert Wendt III (born October 17, 1948) is an American actor and comedian. He played Norm Peterson on the television sitcom \"Cheers\" (1982–1993), which earned him six consecutive Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series n... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2541199",
"text": "in \"Cheers\". His first of two scenes took place in an Amish bar, where everyone in the bar yelled \"Yoder!,\" referencing what the cast of \"Cheers\" would yell whenever he walked in. Wendt is among the thespians who participated in a poster campaign touting live theatre in... | [
"norm peterson"
] |
who played cruella deville in 102 dalmatians? | [
{
"psg_id": "4840048",
"text": "102 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians is a 2000 American crime family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his live-action directorial debut and produced by Edward S. Feldman and Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film \"101 Dalmatians\", a live-action remake of the ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4840057",
"text": "that was entitled \"\", was released in 2000, with Frankie Muniz as the voice of Domino, Molly Marlette as the voice of Oddball and Susanne Blakeslee as the voice of Cruella de Vil. Horace and Jasper also appeared in the game despite not being present in the film. 102 Dalmati... | [
"glenn close"
] |
what is the capital city of canada on a map? | [
{
"psg_id": "10793091",
"text": "ACT (ACT) has raced at Capital City Speedway. Série ACT is a very talented racing league based out of the northeast United States and southern Canada. The Série ACT race was known as the Toromont Cat 100 and is a 100 lapped race. Capital City Speedway Capital City Speedway i... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15883374",
"text": "tracks: A Map of the Floating City A Map of the Floating City is the fifth studio album by English musician Thomas Dolby, released on 24 October 2011. It is his first full-length studio album since 1992's \"Astronauts & Heretics\". The album's concept, set in an alternate hi... | [
"ottawa"
] |
what is the name of currency used in spain? | [
{
"psg_id": "69241",
"text": "Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, \"dollar\" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11958748",
"text": "be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Staf... | [
"euro"
] |
what ethnicity are people from iran? | [
{
"psg_id": "16485295",
"text": "Tat people (Iran) The Tat people of Iran (Tati: Irünə Tâtün, ) are an Iranian people living in northern Iran, especially in the south of Qazvin province. Tats of Iran use the Tati language (Iran), a group of northwestern Iranian dialects which are closely related to the Taly... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9172996",
"text": "2013, tourists from Turkey comprise one of the largest that visit Iran, comprising 391,283 registered tourists. Iran–Turkey relations The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey have been generally peaceful since the establishment of the mode... | [
"persian"
] |
where did the germans come from wiki? | [
{
"psg_id": "1489322",
"text": "German communities, where they maintained German-language schools and German churches. They were primarily Volga Germans from the lower Volga River valley, Black Sea Germans from the Crimean Peninsula/Black Sea region, or Volhynian Germans from the governorate of Volhynia in ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11038173",
"text": "the \"protoIsraelites.\" It followed an earlier book, \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?\", in which Dever, contrary to the \"minimalists\", asserted that the writers of the Old Testament knew a good deal about the Israelites' past. Who Were the ... | [
"germany"
] |
who played bilbo baggins? | [
{
"psg_id": "699990",
"text": "Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated version of \"The Lord of the Rings\", Bilbo was voiced by Norman Bird. Billy Barty was the model for Bilbo, as well as Frodo and Sam, in the live-action recordings Bakshi used for rotoscoping. The 3000th story to be broadcast in the BBC's long-runn... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "699993",
"text": "in Tolkien's work. In 2012, they named a hilly area \"Bilbo Colles\" after Bilbo Baggins. Bilbo Baggins Bilbo Baggins is the title character and protagonist of J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\", as well as a supporting character in \"The Lord of the Rings\". In Tolk... | [
"norman bird",
"martin freeman",
"ian holm"
] |
what famous people are from kansas city? | [
{
"psg_id": "4859009",
"text": "to vote in the upcoming election and sway the outcome. \"Kansas City\" received mixed to positive reviews from critics, as it holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 35 reviews. The soundtrack was produced by Hal Wilner and Steven Bernstein and featured several contemp... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16399986",
"text": "Lists of people from Kansas This is a list of lists of people from Kansas. Inclusion in this list should be reserved for existing Wikipedia lists about people from the American state of Kansas. The primary list contains notable people who were either born, raised, or have li... | [
"cecil newman",
"robert altman",
"dianne wiest",
"walter j. ong",
"yvette vickers",
"monique gabrielle",
"andrea ciliberti",
"edward tufte",
"yudell luke",
"crystal smith"
] |
what country did francis drake represent? | [
{
"psg_id": "19507303",
"text": "Sir Francis Drake Association The Sir Francis Drake Association was a group of San Francisco Bay Area residents and others who promoted the historical Francis Drake's landing at New Albion in Marin County, California in 1579. The Association held a number of gatherings, picn... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "147216",
"text": "Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake ( – 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer and explorer of the Elizabethan era. Drake carried out the second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580, and was the first ... | [
"england"
] |
what did corey haim act in? | [
{
"psg_id": "1843806",
"text": "the Writers Guild for \"giving a memorial that his friends and fans have wanted\". Haim was the subject of a TV program, \"Autopsy: The Last Hours of Corey Haim\", which premiered on November 23, 2016, on the Reelz channel. Corey Haim Corey Ian Haim (December 23, 1971 – March... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1843799",
"text": "Haim's primary doctor confirmed to Drug Enforcement Administration investigators that Haim was addicted to pain medication. The 10-minute 9-1-1 call made by Haim's mother was leaked on the Internet; in it she was heard saying \"Oh, my God. I think my son is dead\" before foll... | [
"fast getaway",
"fast getaway ii",
"dream a little dream 2",
"demolition high",
"dream a little dream",
"blown away",
"busted",
"demolition university",
"fever lake",
"firstborn"
] |
who is the publisher of the wall street journal? | [
{
"psg_id": "4274548",
"text": "Tracy Corrigan Publisher: Kelly Leach The Wall Street Journal Europe The Wall Street Journal Europe is a daily English-language newspaper that covers global and regional business news for Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA). Published by Dow Jones & Company (a News Corp... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1480198",
"text": "then enabled the \"Journal\" to charge similarly inflated advertising rates, as the advertisers would think that they reached more readers than they actually did. In addition, the \"Journal\" agreed to run \"articles\" featuring Executive Learning Partnership, presented as ne... | [
"dow jones & company"
] |
what products are made in the usa? | [
{
"psg_id": "3563364",
"text": "of the oldest recycling industries, and made possible the development of a large food industry. The industry takes what would otherwise be waste materials and makes useful products such as fuels, soaps, rubber, plastics, etc. At the same time, rendering solves what would othe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5207643",
"text": "an opportunity to place \"Made in the USA\" on their cartons. After Tropicana returned to only using Florida oranges several years later, Florida's Natural updated their ads saying \"All Florida. Never imported. Who can say that?\" Some direct costs are decreased as a result ... | [
"pharmaceutical preparations",
"food",
"industrial organic chemicals, nec",
"automobile"
] |
what do tibetan people speak? | [
{
"psg_id": "1849453",
"text": "of 2010. The Tibetic languages () are a cluster of mutually unintelligible Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by approximately 8 million people, primarily Tibetan, living across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering the Indian subcontinent, including the Tibetan Plateau an... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1849448",
"text": "Tibetan people The Tibetan people () are an ethnic group native to Tibet. Their current population is estimated to be around 6 million. In addition to living in Tibet, significant numbers of Tibetans live in other parts of China, as well as India, Nepal, and Bhutan. Tibetans ... | [
"nepali language",
"standard tibetan",
"chinese language",
"baima language",
"tibetan languages"
] |
what form of government does afghanistan have? | [
{
"psg_id": "759941",
"text": "of in the country. Government operation in Afghanistan historically has consisted of power struggles, coups and unstable transfers of power. The country has been governed by various systems of government, including a monarchy, republic, theocracy, dictatorship, and a pro-commu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13810778",
"text": "week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million Am... | [
"islamic republic"
] |
who was the wife of king edward vii? | [
{
"psg_id": "14567851",
"text": "it remains one of Méliès' most well-received works. Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark process into Westminster Abbey, where the King is administered the coronation oath and presented with a Bible to kiss. The King is anointed and crowned on King Edward's Chair by the Archb... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2693902",
"text": "with of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12 in thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively. When HMS \"King Edward VII\" was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 8 March 1902, the first plate was laid by King Edward VII, who with his wife Queen A... | [
"alexandra of denmark"
] |
what position did john stockton play? | [
{
"psg_id": "2015524",
"text": "State University's women's basketball program as an assistant coach to replace Kellee Barney. Barney left the program to pursue a career in business, and Stockton had previously coached four of the players on the MSU women's team during Amateur Athletic Union leagues. John St... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2015511",
"text": "Lake City renamed the street in front of the venue then known as Delta Center (now Vivint Smart Home Arena), where the Jazz play, John Stockton Drive. Stockton would later declare that despite being still content with the game and how well he was playing, his growing family m... | [
"point guard"
] |
what happened at the virginia tech massacre? | [
{
"psg_id": "1805032",
"text": "research center adjacent to Amazon's facility. The Virginia Tech Innovation Campus will be housed at a 1 million-square-foot campus in Alexandria. Its expected to educate hundreds of graduate students. The Virginia Tech Innovation Campus will be focused on computer science an... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10070141",
"text": "inspired by the massacre at Virginia Tech, as well as Columbine and the many other instances of unhinged individuals who decided to take out their wrath on their classmates, going all the way back to Charles J. Whitman.\" Two students at Pennsylvania State University dressed... | [
"killing spree"
] |
when did freddy krueger die? | [
{
"psg_id": "2157973",
"text": "Michael Myers from \"Halloween\" and Jason Voorhees from \"Friday the 13th\". At the end of the film \"\", the mask of the title character, Jason Voorhees, played by Kane Hodder, is dragged under the earth by Freddy's gloved hand, thus setting up \"Freddy vs. Jason\". Freddy'... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2157944",
"text": "all at once. When Amanda was young, she was accidentally locked into the room with the criminals over a holiday weekend. They managed to keep her hidden for days, raping her repeatedly. When she was finally discovered, she was barely alive and was pregnant with the future Fre... | [
"a nightmare on elm street"
] |
what is there to do in niagara falls new york? | [
{
"psg_id": "7174125",
"text": "Central Railroad, which took over the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad, built a new station downtown at Falls Avenue and 2nd Street in 1851. The Erie Railroad built its own station a block away at Niagara Street and 2nd Street. In 1887, New York Central built a new Union St... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1170034",
"text": "Niagara Falls, New York Niagara Falls ( ) is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 50,193, down from the 55,593 recorded in the 2000 census. It is adjacent to the Niagara River, across from the city of Nia... | [
"johann williams farm",
"niagara reservation",
"adams power plant transformer house",
"fallsville splash park",
"niagara falls public library",
"holley-rankine house",
"whitney mansion",
"us post office-niagara falls main",
"u.s. customhouse",
"niagara falls state park"
] |
who did troy aikman play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "8021017",
"text": "2011. On June 2, 2017, Aikman announced his engagement to high-end fashion retailer Catherine \"Capa\" Mooty on Instagram. Mooty has two sons by her ex-husband, lawyer Jerry Mooty, who is the nephew of Cowboys' owner Jerry Jones. On September 1, 2017, Troy Aikman and Catherin... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8021011",
"text": "sign a one year deal with the Miami Dolphins but the Dolphins ended up not signing him. Aikman also hosts a weekly sports radio show which airs on Thursday from 7 to 8 p.m. ET on Sporting News Radio, and appears weekly during the football season on the Dunham & Miller morning... | [
"dallas cowboys"
] |
where does turkish language? | [
{
"psg_id": "404736",
"text": "variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's Reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman Turkish alphabet was replaced w... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "404756",
"text": "form. However, most verbs and monosyllabic nouns are underlyingly \"//k//\". The vowels of the Turkish language are, in their alphabetical order, , , , , , , , . The Turkish vowel system can be considered as being three-dimensional, where vowels are characterised by how and wh... | [
"turkey"
] |
where is universal studios california theme park? | [
{
"psg_id": "4885882",
"text": "Universal Studios Hollywood Universal Studios Hollywood is a film studio and theme park in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles County, California. About 70% of the studio lies within the unincorporated county island known as Universal City while the rest lies within t... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11417862",
"text": "Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure, known in Japan as , is a video game developed and published by Kemco for the Nintendo GameCube. Set in the Universal Studios Japan park, the object of the game is to complete several mini-games ... | [
"glendale",
"universal city",
"hollywood"
] |
what sport is popular in china? | [
{
"psg_id": "6881237",
"text": "and professionally. International tennis tournaments receive wide coverage on Chinese sporting channels, being the third most popular after football and basketball. Volleyball arrived in Asia in 1908 and was officially introduced to China in 1910. The Chinese Volleyball Assoc... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6881209",
"text": "Sport in China Sport in China has been long associated to the Martial Arts. Today China (including mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) consists of a variety of competitive sports. Traditional Chinese culture regards physical fitness as an important characteristic. China has ... | [
"china pr national football team",
"china men's national volleyball team",
"china national futsal team",
"china national baseball team",
"china women's national basketball team",
"bayi yiyang high-tech district",
"china women's national volleyball team",
"china fed cup team",
"china national cricket... |
what continent is greenland apart of? | [
{
"psg_id": "155186",
"text": "Greenland Greenland (, ; , ) is an autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and cu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12539112",
"text": "a neighbouring continent to divide all the world's land into geopolitical regions. Under this scheme, most of the island countries and territories in the Pacific Ocean are grouped together with the continent of Australia to form a geopolitical region called \"Oceania\". By c... | [
"north america"
] |
who made the ancient egyptian pyramids? | [
{
"psg_id": "9943346",
"text": "with its architectural monuments, which include the pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx—among the largest and most famous buildings in the world. The most famous pyramids are the Egyptian pyramids—huge structures built of brick or stone, some of which are among the largest ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3512320",
"text": "Egyptian pyramids The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt. As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids. Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts du... | [
"ancient egypt"
] |
where did the san diego chargers originate? | [
{
"psg_id": "9862490",
"text": "History of the San Diego Chargers The professional American football team now known as the Los Angeles Chargers previously played in San Diego, California as the San Diego Chargers from 1961 to 2017 before relocating back to Los Angeles where the team played their inaugural 1... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4313752",
"text": "outside of San Diego as well. ESPN football anchors Chris Berman and Tom Jackson sometimes sung \"San Diego Super Chargers\" when announcing Chargers highlights. Various news sources including ESPN, \"The Los Angeles Times\" and the New England Sports Network have referred to... | [
"los angeles chargers"
] |
who was the voice of nemo's dad? | [
{
"psg_id": "1803389",
"text": "Finding Nemo Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Written and directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Lee Unkrich, the film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen D... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1803413",
"text": "\"Monsters, Inc.\"—Nemo treats family audiences to a sweet, resonant story and breathtaking visuals. It may lack \"Monsters, Inc.\"s clever humor, but kids will identify with the spunky sea fish Nemo, and adults will relate to Marlin, Nemo's devoted dad.\" Bruce Westbrook of ... | [
"albert brooks"
] |
what 4 countries are part of the united kingdom? | [
{
"psg_id": "12224952",
"text": "Countries of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom (UK) comprises four countries: England, Scotland and Wales (which collectively make up Great Britain) and Northern Ireland (which is variously described as a country, province or region). Within the United Kingdom, a unitary... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11812007",
"text": "Theatre of the United Kingdom Theatre of United Kingdom plays an important part in British culture, and the countries that constitute the UK have had a vibrant tradition of theatre since the Renaissance with roots going back to the Roman occupation. Theatre was introduced fr... | [
"wales",
"england",
"scotland",
"northern ireland"
] |
who was king george v father? | [
{
"psg_id": "20140234",
"text": "King George V Police Coronation Medal The Police Coronation Medal was sanctioned in 1911 as an award to policemen, members of ambulance units, firemen and Royal Parks' staff on duty during the official celebrations of the coronation of King George V that took place during 19... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17288001",
"text": "King George Tupou V Royal Family Order The King George Tupou V Royal Family Order was an order conferred as a sign of personal esteem from King George Tupou V to female members of the Royal family of Tonga. The King George Tupou V Family Order was established by His Majesty ... | [
"edward vii"
] |
who won last year's nfl super bowl? | [
{
"psg_id": "376018",
"text": "Denver Broncos to an upset victory over the defending champion Packers, snapping the NFC's 13-year winning streak. The following year, the Broncos defeated the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's fifth Super Bowl appearance, his second NFL championship, and his final... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "376006",
"text": "of the Super Bowl, while the Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) are both recent NFL expansion teams. (Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville, however, have hosted a Super Bowl, leaving the Browns the only team to date who has neither played in nor whose city has hosted the game.) Th... | [
"baltimore ravens"
] |
who played michael myers in halloween 4? | [
{
"psg_id": "5267147",
"text": "characters and themes,\" said director Dwight H. Little. \"What I'm trying to do is capture the mood of the original \"Halloween\" and yet take a lot of new chances. What we're attempting to do is walk a fine line between horror and mystery. \"Halloween 4\" will not be an ax-... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5267161",
"text": "titled \"Halloween IV: The Special Limited Edition\". Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers is a 1988 American slasher film directed by Dwight H. Little, written by Alan B. McElroy, and starring Donald Pleasence, Danielle Harris, an... | [
"george p. wilbur"
] |
what language do chinese? | [
{
"psg_id": "19933485",
"text": "percentage. In contrast to much of Southeast Asia, the Chinese community of the Philippines does not use Cantonese as its preferred community language or as a principal lingua franca, but rather Philippine Hokkien, which is also spoken informally at schools and in business a... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7818134",
"text": "S-Bahn car. Tim then pulls the incriminating film out of his bag, holds a lighter to it, and asks aloud: \"What do you do if there's a fire?\", and the friends answer, \"Let it burn!\" The film contains mild nudity, mild drug use, and mature language. What to Do in Case of Fi... | [
"chinese"
] |
what language is spoken in basque? | [
{
"psg_id": "45243",
"text": "Basque language Basque (; ) is a language spoken in the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and is a language isolate t... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1752957",
"text": "Spoken language A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. Many languages have no written form and so are only spoken. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract, as opposed to a sign la... | [
"basque"
] |
what movies did james franco play in? | [
{
"psg_id": "17426281",
"text": "2015, most of which failed financially except the animated film \"The Little Prince\", a modest commercial success. James Franco filmography James Franco is an American actor who began acting on television, guest-starring in \"Pacific Blue\" (1997). He landed his breakthroug... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4668728",
"text": "and the bongos. To have a greater understanding of Dean, Franco spent hours with two of Dean's associates. Other research included reading books on Dean and studying his movies. While filming \"James Dean\", the actor, to get into character, cut off communication with his fam... | [
"tristan & isolde",
"pineapple express",
"the great raid",
"annapolis",
"whatever it takes",
"the company",
"an american crime",
"spider-man",
"spider-man 2",
"spider-man 3"
] |
what to do in palo alto ca with kids? | [
{
"psg_id": "641288",
"text": "include: Many nearby Silicon Valley companies, no longer primarily in Palo Alto, were once headquartered and experienced major growth in Palo Alto, including Google (now in Mountain View), Facebook (now in Menlo Park), and PayPal (now in San Jose). Palo Alto's retail and resta... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "641265",
"text": "time was attached to what is now College Terrace), but was incorporated in 1894 with the name Palo Alto. With Stanford's support, Palo Alto grew to the size of Mayfield. After long-running strife in Mayfield and a Mayfield ordinance banning saloons that took effect in January ... | [
"hoover tower",
"parc",
"stanford memorial church",
"hewlett-packard house and garage",
"leland stanford junior university museum of art",
"iris & b. gerald cantor center for visual arts",
"palo alto baylands nature preserve",
"arastradero preserve",
"stanford shopping center",
"professorville"
] |
what country did jacques cartier came from? | [
{
"psg_id": "787478",
"text": "journey's to the \"New World\". Jacques Cartier Jacques Cartier (; ; December 31, 1491September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10652064",
"text": "some of concrete, some of wood, some of brick, along its streets. Jacques-Cartier merged with the city of Longueuil in 1969. Although the territory of Jacques-Cartier was six times larger than that of Longueuil, it was the Longueuil name that was retained because of historic... | [
"france"
] |
who did magellan sail for? | [
{
"psg_id": "9329275",
"text": "the Circumnavigators Club, founded in 1902. The honor is named after the Portuguese born explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, who is widely known as the first captain to sail around the world—though he didn't complete the circumnavigation as he died during the voyage in the Philippi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12617893",
"text": "Janeiro. Although in 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the eastern most shores of Brazil for Portugal, Portugal did not maintain a permanent settlement there to protect its brazilwood monopoly (the French were able to help themselves to the timber without interference.) Mag... | [
"explorer"
] |
where did irish people come from? | [
{
"psg_id": "11448576",
"text": "Where Dreams Come True Tour The Where Dreams Come True Tour was the second concert tour by Irish boy band Westlife seen by 600,000 fans making £12,000,000, in support of their second studio album, \"Coast to Coast\". The tour was nicknamed \"The No Stools Tour\" due to the b... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11038172",
"text": "Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical \"maximalists\" and \"mi... | [
"ireland"
] |
what represents ghana? | [
{
"psg_id": "152600",
"text": "of military officers overthrew Nkrumah in a coup d'état and placed Ghana under the authority of the National Liberation Council. The flag of Ghana, consisting of the colours red, gold, green, and a black star, became the new flag in 1957 when Gold Coast gained its name Ghana. ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1304729",
"text": "advanced culture, and the interests of the overwhelming majority. The formal statement of the theory is: One possible interpretation of the \"Three Represents\": One of the main goals of the Three Represents is to change the Communist Party of China into a governmental and mo... | [
"flag of ghana"
] |
what to see in downtown asheville nc? | [
{
"psg_id": "18252164",
"text": "Historic Places in 1979, with boundary increases in 1989 and 1990. An increase / decrease occurred in 2011. Downtown Asheville Historic District Downtown Asheville Historic District is a national historic district located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The di... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19859203",
"text": "Hall, which serves as a homage to the club's downtown location. The \"AC\" monogram in the logo is a reference to the sport of soccer's tradition in emblems over the last century. The \"AC\" stands for 'Asheville City' as well as used to recognize the city's love for the gam... | [
"asheville art museum",
"folk art center",
"grove park inn",
"pisgah national forest",
"bele chere",
"biltmore estate",
"chimney rock state park",
"thomas wolfe house",
"carl sandburg home national historic site",
"smith-mcdowell house"
] |
where did carrie underwood live? | [
{
"psg_id": "4661765",
"text": "appeared in the global advertising campaign for their facial wash. In January 2014, Underwood signed a deal with Nicole by OPI to launch 14 new nail lacquers. In the same month, Underwood had signed a deal to serve as Almay's global brand ambassador, where she would appear in... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19047241",
"text": "Theater in New York City. She has since performed the song live numerous times for the . Underwood performed the song live on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on September 16. Her next televised performance came at the 50th annual CMA Awards, where she performed \"Dirty Laundry\... | [
"checotah"
] |
who currently owns the steelers? | [
{
"psg_id": "11214428",
"text": "injuries to both Bleier and Harris in the AFC Divisional Playoff game against the Baltimore Colts sidelined them both for the following week's AFC Championship game against the Oakland Raiders. Without both of their 1,000-yard rushers, the Steelers lost to the Raiders by a s... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17790386",
"text": "Who Owns the Future? Who Owns the Future? is a book by Jaron Lanier, published in 2013. Lanier posits that the middle class is increasingly disenfranchised from online economies. By convincing users to give away valuable information about themselves in exchange for free serv... | [
"rooney family"
] |
where was toni braxton born and raised? | [
{
"psg_id": "2723701",
"text": "sister, Tamar, \"Tamar & Vince\". In 2011, Braxton was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. Toni Michelle Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson,... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19653516",
"text": "Toni Braxton: Revealed Toni Braxton: Revealed was the first and only residency show by American singer Toni Braxton. It was performed at The Showroom at the Flamingo Las Vegas until the announcement of its cancellation on April 6, 2008. On May 19, 2006, the Flamingo Hotel an... | [
"severn"
] |
who has dirk nowitzki played for? | [
{
"psg_id": "2397268",
"text": "Dirk Nowitzki Dirk Werner Nowitzki () (born June 19, 1978) is a German professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). An alumnus of Röntgen Gymnasium and the DJK Würzburg basketball club, Nowitzki was chosen as the ninth ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2397275",
"text": "as a disappointing sixth of 12 teams; the rookie Nowitzki was often benched and struggled with bad school grades, which forced him to study rather than work on his game. In the next 1995–96 Second Bundesliga season, Nowitzki established himself as a starter next to Finnish st... | [
"dallas mavericks"
] |
what is the currency in the dominican republic called? | [
{
"psg_id": "105707",
"text": "China 13.9%, Mexico 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2017) Debt - external: $29.69 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $76.99 million (2005) Currency: Dominican peso Exchange rates: Dominican pesos per US dollar - 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (200... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13066740",
"text": "\"Sugarball,\" \"Nothing typifies the new direction of Dominican baseball as much as the baseball academy, an institution rooted in the increased presence and benevolent paternalism of North American baseball interests in the country.\" The first baseball academy in the Domi... | [
"dominican peso"
] |
where is shoreview mn? | [
{
"psg_id": "1122024",
"text": "petition to the Ramsey County Board of Commissioners that called for the incorporation of the Village of Shoreview. This action would separate Shoreview from Mounds View Township. After a bitter dispute, an election was held at the Shamrock Park pavilion and the incorporation... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1122028",
"text": "to adopt the present “Plan B” Council-Manager form of government. 2007 - Shoreview celebrated its golden anniversary with a ceremony at Shamrock Park recognizing residents living in the community since its incorporation. 2011 - Shoreview Maintenance Center renovated/received ... | [
"ramsey county"
] |
what did maria theresa rule? | [
{
"psg_id": "587725",
"text": "as none of Maria Theresa's advisors expected France to betray them. Francis Stephen urged Maria Theresa to reach a rapprochement with Prussia, as did Great Britain. Maria Theresa reluctantly agreed to negotiations. Contrary to all expectations, a significant amount of support ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "587704",
"text": "the War of the Austrian Succession. In defiance of the grave situation, she managed to secure the vital support of the Hungarians for the war effort. Over the course of the war, despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy, Maria Theresa successfully defend... | [
"bohemia",
"hungary"
] |
what was jack london's education? | [
{
"psg_id": "532058",
"text": "Emily Stevens. Stasz says, \"Both acknowledged publicly that they were not marrying out of love, but from friendship and a belief that they would produce sturdy children.\" Kingman says, \"they were comfortable together... Jack had made it clear to Bessie that he did not love ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1418651",
"text": "Inner London Education Authority The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) was an ad hoc local education authority for the City of London and the 12 Inner London boroughs from 1965 until its abolition in 1990. The authority was reconstituted as a directly elected body corpo... | [
"university of california, berkeley",
"oakland high school"
] |
what club team does ronaldinho play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "2801250",
"text": "famous worldwide as 'Ronaldinho' and in Brazil as ‘Ronaldinho Gaúcho’. 'Quadraginta novem' means forty-nine, the number of Ronaldinho's T-shirt at Clube Atlético Mineiro (CAM), his former team in Brazil. Ronaldinho chose the number 49 as an homage to his mother, born in 1949.... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16486161",
"text": "minutes each. Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team is an Italian animated television series based on the Brazilian soccer star Ronaldinho Gaúcho. The pilot episode was first broadcast on October 15, 2011, on the DeA Kids channel. \"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\" is ... | [
"clube atlético mineiro"
] |
which countries share borders with spain? | [
{
"psg_id": "19327215",
"text": "Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make the border with Morocco, which is 19 km long. The borders of Ceuta and Melilla, are \"de facto\", because between them and Morocco there is no man's land. The only real border would be the 27 meters long one in the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9952213",
"text": "use and the controls are no longer allowed by the Schengen agreement. with Germany with the Chech Republic with Slovakia with Lithuania Historically, Poland also had borders (and border crossings) with former countries, or with countries that no longer share a common border w... | [
"perejil island",
"portugal",
"france",
"andorra",
"morocco",
"gibraltar"
] |
what is the official currency in france? | [
{
"psg_id": "6367408",
"text": "De facto currency A de facto currency is a unit of money that is not legal tender in a country but is treated as such by most of the populace. The United States dollar and the European Union euro are the most common de facto currencies. Andorra used the euro unofficially prio... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9406947",
"text": "That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based... | [
"cfp franc",
"euro"
] |
what state did roger sherman represent at the constitutional convention? | [
{
"psg_id": "1896569",
"text": "should be figured according to the \"numbers of free inhabitants\" in each state. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, summoned into existence to amend the Articles of Confederation, Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth offered what came to be called the Great Compromise or ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1896563",
"text": "university's treasurer for many years and promoting construction of a college chapel. Roger Sherman died in 1793. Roger Sherman was one of the most influential members of the Constitutional Convention. He is not well known for his actions at the Convention because he was a \"... | [
"connecticut"
] |
what county is bradenton fl located in? | [
{
"psg_id": "1033417",
"text": "several sports, and Manatee County high schools produce several teams including Manatee High School whose football team was nationally ranked in the 1950s, 1980s, and 1990s and regained their national status in 2009. Manatee High School has won five football state championshi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18503145",
"text": "in Sarasota/Bradenton, FL. During the Juice's lone season, pitcher Brian Gartley went 10-3 with 96 strikeouts to win the Most Outstanding Pitcher award. On March 31, 2008, the League office issued an announcement that it was suspending operations as of April 1, citing an ina... | [
"manatee county"
] |
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