\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"8543550","text":"and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, \"What did the rose do to the cypress?\" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill","title":"What the Rose did to the Cypress"},{"psg_id":"1793157","text":"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \"What Would Jesus Buy?\", \"What Would Lincoln Do?\", \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\", \"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\", \"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\", and \"What would Tintin do?\". The term \"What Would Jesus Do?\" or \"WWJD\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \"What would Jesus do?\"","title":"What would Jesus do?"},{"psg_id":"14319269","text":"10 on 15 September. The song spent a total of 11 weeks inside the top 75 chart. In Australia, \"What Can You Do For Me\" did not enter the ARIA top 100 singles chart until April 1993, following its re-release after the success of \"Something Good\". A new version of the song remixed by Drumsound & Bassline Smith was released on 26 February 2012. What Can You Do for Me \"What Can You Do For Me\" is the debut single by English electronic group Utah Saints. The song was released on 12 August 1991 and reached a peak position of","title":"What Can You Do for Me"},{"psg_id":"11542051","text":"but did become domestically available digitally shortly after Khan won multiple Grammys for her 2007 album \"Funk This\". In 2016, Big Break Records re-issued the album as an expanded edition with special liner notes and pictures containing three additional tracks: \"Only Once\", \"Lover's Touch\" and \"I Know You, I Live You (Remix)\". What Cha' Gonna Do for Me What Cha' Gonna Do for Me is the Gold certified third solo album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan, released on the Warner Bros. Records label in 1981. Three singles were released from \"What Cha' Gonna Do\": the Beatles cover \"We Can","title":"What Cha' Gonna Do for Me"},{"psg_id":"7578085","text":"up: \"What Katy Did at School\" and \"What Katy Did Next\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\"Clover\" and \"In the High Valley\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7347814","text":"What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode of \"Lost\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"16918902","text":"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"16918894","text":"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"11856928","text":"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"11856925","text":"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \"The Harpole Report\" and Edward","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"3994147","text":"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"17247248","text":"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned","title":"What Katie Did (company)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604378\",\n \"text\": \"Though it was determined that Radke had contact with Boswell, police found no evidence that Radke or his entourage had assaulted Boswell as she'd claimed they did and an eyewitness reported that she was visibly intoxicated upon exiting Radke's vehicle. Radke subsequently brought suit against Boswell for defamation in Los Angeles courts. Ronnie Radke Ronald Joseph Radke (born December 15, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, musician, and record producer. Radke found success as a vocalist as a co-founder of the post-hardcore band, Escape the Fate, in his early twenties but his career stalled when he was served a\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604370\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"I Wash Cars\\\" (also featuring b.LaY), which attacks Sumerian Records and its founder Ash Avildsen, Lorenzo \\\"The Main Event\\\" Antonucci, and electronicore band I See Stars, was leaked online. Ash and Lorenzo released a diss track in reply to \\\"I Wash Cars\\\" titled \\\"When Ronnie Met Sally\\\" attacking Radke. The feud between the two groups has since been resolved, and Radke is now on good terms with I See Stars, Sumerian Records, and Antonucci. On October 28, 2013, it was announced that Ronnie Radke and Craig Mabbit of Escape the Fate had made up and are now on good terms.\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604362\",\n \"text\": \"Ronnie Radke Ronald Joseph Radke (born December 15, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, musician, and record producer. Radke found success as a vocalist as a co-founder of the post-hardcore band, Escape the Fate, in his early twenties but his career stalled when he was served a two and a half year prison sentence due to a probation violation. After his release, Radke subsequently became the lead singer of a new band, Falling in Reverse. As a solo musician, Radke released rap mixtape, \\\"Watch Me\\\", in 2014, which included collaborations with Deuce, b.LaY, Tyler Carter, Sy Ari Da Kid,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604369\",\n \"text\": \"a solo song, \\\"Fair-Weather Fans\\\". The song is described as \\\"a song Ronnie made dedicated to all the people who didn't believe in him.\\\" On June 1, he released a second song, called \\\"What Up Earth?\\\". In part 3 of his interview with \\\"Alternative Press\\\", Radke stated that he is creating a rap mixtape, produced by Charles Massabo (Kallaghan Records) that will feature some well known rap artists, the mixtape will be released in December 2013 for free. The first single off that mixtape, \\\"Blacklist\\\", which features b.LaY, was released on July 5, 2013 on YouTube. A diss track titled\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604364\",\n \"text\": \"several bands while in high school. Radke ran away from home to play in his first band, with his friend Mitch, called 3.0. which according to Radke \\\"sounded exactly like Blink 182\\\". He lived with Mitch and his mother for a time. They played a few shows at various venues such as Chain Reaction and the Huntridge in Las Vegas. After the band, Radke moved back in with his dad, re-entered school, and dropped out again. He stated in an Alternative Press interview, \\\"I just couldn't for some reason pay attention; I just daydreamed about everything else but what I'm\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604371\",\n \"text\": \"Also the two mentioned their two bands will be touring together in early 2014. In an interview with Loudwire, he has stated that he is in the process of making a rap mixtape, which according to Radke will include an artist on every song. He has also stated that the mixtape may be released for around Christmas. On Christmas Day, he revealed a website through which subscribers received a new song, \\\"Destiny\\\", from the mixtape, now titled \\\"Watch Me\\\". The track-list was also revealed but some songs did not contain feature other artists like he originally claimed. Radke has one\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604368\",\n \"text\": \"Michael \\\"Elvis\\\" Baskette. Since late 2006, Radke had a new band in mind, due to personal issues within Escape the Fate. With the help of Nason Schoeffler, Radke formed a band called From Behind These Walls, which was renamed as Falling in Reverse. Upon his release from prison in December 2010 Radke announced his return to recording. Falling In Reverse released their first single \\\"Raised by Wolves\\\" in 2010, followed by the album \\\"The Drug in Me Is You\\\" which was released on July 26, 2011, through Epitaph Records. On May 31, 2013, Radke launched his YouTube channel and released\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604365\",\n \"text\": \"supposed to be doing.\\\" Radke stated that the second band was called Lefty. Radke met Max Green (from the band Almost Heroes) at a talent show. Radke's microphone fell and Max picked it up for him while they were on stage and they became friends, forming the band True Story, which recorded a demo containing the track \\\"This Is Not the End\\\". Radke started screaming in the band after being inspired by Thrice, then started to sing, slowly forming Escape the Fate. \\\"Listen Up!\\\" was written by Radke in 1998 as well as \\\"Besides the Issues\\\" and \\\"The Worst Time\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604376\",\n \"text\": \"14, 2014, Radke pled nolo contendere to disturbance of the peace, though Watts claimed on Twitter that Radke had pled nolo contendere to a charge related to domestic violence. On September 29, 2012, Radke was performing as part of Falling in Reverse at Six Flags Great Adventure, part of the theme park's metal and punk rock themed event FestEVIL, when he threw three microphone stands into the audience at the close of a performance, injuring a 16-year-old girl, who was taken to the hospital, and a 24-year-old man, who was treated at the scene. Radke was charged with simple assault\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604377\",\n \"text\": \"and aggravated assault and released on $25,000 bail. Radke publicly apologized for his actions, saying that his actions were not in anger and that he'd not intended to hurt anyone. Six Flags subsequently decided to ban hard rock and heavy metal bands from performing in the future. On June 10, 2015, it was reported that Radke had been publicly accused of sexual assault by 25-year-old Katelynd \\\"Kacee\\\" Boswell, of Salt Lake City, Utah. Boswell alleged that Radke and members of his entourage, including his bodyguard, sexually assaulted her after Falling in Reverse's performance at Murray Theater on June 3, 2015.\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604374\",\n \"text\": \"for and charged with murder but the district attorney declined to prosecute him, despite his confession, as it was determined Rader acted in self-defense. Radke and Colquitt were criminally charged for their involvement in Cook's death, although Colquitt committed suicide before he could stand trial. On January 18, 2008, Radke pled guilty to battery with substantial bodily harm in relation to Cook's death and subsequently was ordered to be placed on probation for five years, and he was ordered to pay $92,372 in restitution to Cook's mother. After Radke violated the terms of his probation, he was made to serve\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604372\",\n \"text\": \"child, a daughter named Willow Grace Radke (born June 11, 2013), from his relationship with model Crissy Henderson. At one point, he became engaged to Henderson but their relationship ended in 2013, due to infidelity on his part. Radke has openly denounced religion due to its treatment of LGBT people, saying he felt bitter and found hypocrisy in that Christianity was initially discriminatory against gay people but became accepting of them later on. Radke's older brother Anthony, died as the result of a traffic collision in 2013. By Anthony, Radke has one niece, Sabrina, and four nephews, Troy, Nathan, Joshua,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604366\",\n \"text\": \"In 2001, Radke, with his friend, producer Michael \\\"Elvis\\\" Baskette, recorded the songs \\\"Listen Up!\\\", \\\"The Worst Time\\\" and \\\"The Departure\\\". Both recorded instruments together and also composed the themes for \\\"As You're Falling Down\\\", \\\"Make Up\\\" and \\\"Not Good Enough for Truth in Cliche\\\", recorded in 2005, along with Escape the Fate. In high school, Radke and Max Green were close friends. In 2004, Bryan Money, looking for a vocalist, contacted Max who referred him to Radke. Bryan agreed and began auditions for a drummer. Robert Ortiz was selected, and Escape the Fate was formed. A few weeks later,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604373\",\n \"text\": \"and Dylan. On May 6, 2006, then 22-year-old Radke met with Marcel Colquitt near Shadow Ridge High School, at north end of Decatur Boulevard, at approximately 2:30 PM to fight, due to Radke referring to Colquitt's girlfriend as a crack whore. Each man brought additional men to support them in the fight, with new reports placing the number of those involved at anywhere from six to eight individuals. During the fight, 22-year-old Chase Rader, a man who had accompanied Radke, shot 18-year-old Michael Allen Cook three times, killing him, as well as wounding another man, Colquitt's brother. Rader was arrested\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15604375\",\n \"text\": \"two and a half years in prison. Because of his criminal activity and prison sentence, Escape the Fate severed ties with Radke and replaced him with vocalist Craig Mabbitt, formerly of the band Blessthefall. On May 1, 2012, Radke allegedly hit his then-girlfriend, Sally Watts, and was subsequently arrested in Glendale, California on August 6, 2012, after he'd failed to make an appearance at any of the scheduled court hearings. He was officially charged with a misdemeanor count of corporal injury and misdemeanor false imprisonment by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. He was released on $30,000 bail. On May\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049221\",\n \"text\": \"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049220\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \\\"The Hunter\\\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \\\"The Hunter\\\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338142\",\n \"text\": \"1989–2003\\\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\\\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\\\" single European/UK 12\\\" single UK 12\\\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338141\",\n \"text\": \"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \\\"Affection\\\" and on \\\"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\\\". They were also featured on \\\"The Collection\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17448095\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Say (Filter song) What Do You Say is the first single from industrial rock band Filter's sixth studio album \\\"The Sun Comes Out Tonight\\\". The track was first released on April 2, 2013, and peaked at no. 15 on the Billboard Active Rock charts. The song was written and recorded by Filter frontman Richard Patrick, guitarist Jonathan Radke, and producer Bob Marlette in Los Angeles at Blue Room studios. The song was first released as a single on April 2, 2013, two months before its respective album, \\\"The Sun Comes Out Tonight\\\", was released on June 4,\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say (Filter song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13686288\",\n \"text\": \"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? \\\"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\\\" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, \\\"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\\\" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232615\",\n \"text\": \"mundane shooters and RPGs with their played out themes of morality, but it's trying too hard to be clever.\\\" The game currently holds 69% on Metacritic. There have been two sequels to \\\"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\\\" released on PSP: \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\\\" and \\\"No Heroes Allowed!\\\". A third sequel, \\\"No Heroes Allowed!\\\", was released in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, with a fourth, \\\"No Heroes Allowed! VR\\\", released on October 14 2017 for PlayStation VR. What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232609\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in North America exclusively as a download game on the PlayStation Store, under the title Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?. However, on February 9, 2010, NIS America revealed it would be changing the game's name to avoid conflict with the Batman franchise. The game was re-released on April 22, 2010 on the PlayStation Network after it was removed to make the changes, while its sequel, \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\\\", had been delayed to May\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8001773\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake Sherwood Ranch in Thousand Hills, 40 miles northwest of Hollywood. In what had been a cow pasture, designer Fernando Carrere fabricated a storybook Sicilian village which added $800,000 to the production's already elevated $5.5 million budget. Captain Lionel Cash (Dick Shawn), a staff officer under General Max Bolt (Carroll O'Connor),\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8001782\",\n \"text\": \"shelved when, during the scene where Captain Cash visits Charlie Company at their chow line, he holds out his hand and one of the GI mess orderly's ladles beans into the captain's hand. The score is by Henry Mancini. It includes \\\"The Swing March\\\" and \\\"In the Arms of Love\\\". What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18388158\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do? / God as My Witness \\\"What Did I Do?/God as My Witness\\\" is a song by the American rock band Foo Fighters and is the fourth single from their eighth studio album \\\"Sonic Highways\\\". The song was released on November 6, 2014. The song was recorded at KLRU-TV Studio 6A in Austin, Texas and features a guest appearance from Gary Clark, Jr. The music video aired during the fourth episode of \\\"\\\". It mainly shows Foo Fighters and Gary Clark Jr. performing inside of KLRU-TV Studio 6A, the famous location where \\\"Austin City Limits\\\" was filmed.\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do? / God as My Witness\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18388157\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do? / God as My Witness \\\"What Did I Do?/God as My Witness\\\" is a song by the American rock band Foo Fighters and is the fourth single from their eighth studio album \\\"Sonic Highways\\\". The song was released on November 6, 2014. The song was recorded at KLRU-TV Studio 6A in Austin, Texas and features a guest appearance from Gary Clark, Jr. The music video aired during the fourth episode of \\\"\\\". It mainly shows Foo Fighters and Gary Clark Jr. performing inside of KLRU-TV Studio 6A, the famous location where \\\"Austin City Limits\\\" was filmed.\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do? / God as My Witness\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13859490\",\n \"text\": \"This, My Lord!? 2\\\" contains \\\"4 times more stages, 3.3 times more monsters and 2.3 times more heroes\\\" than the first game. What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2 What Did I Do To Deserve This My Lord!? 2 (formerly known as \\\"Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! 2: Time To Tighten Up Security!\\\", known as \\\"Yūsha no Kuse ni Namaiki da or2\\\", 勇者のくせになまいきだor2, literally \\\"For a hero, [you are] quite impudent/cheeky/bold] 2)\\\" in Japan) is a real-time strategy/god game for the PlayStation Portable, sequel to What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?. The game was\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13859488\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2 What Did I Do To Deserve This My Lord!? 2 (formerly known as \\\"Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! 2: Time To Tighten Up Security!\\\", known as \\\"Yūsha no Kuse ni Namaiki da or2\\\", 勇者のくせになまいきだor2, literally \\\"For a hero, [you are] quite impudent/cheeky/bold] 2)\\\" in Japan) is a real-time strategy/god game for the PlayStation Portable, sequel to What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?. The game was released in Japan in 2008, and was announced for a North American release during Tokyo Game Show 2009. This release was delayed\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4909384\",\n \"text\": \"Brad Radke Brad William Radke (born October 27, 1972) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher who played his entire 12 season career with the Minnesota Twins. Radke won 148 career games and was one of the most consistent pitchers in the Twins organization during the late 1990s. Radke was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin and graduated from Jesuit High School of Tampa where he was known as a scholar-athlete. Radke was not considered a top prospect before being drafted in the 8th round of the 1991 amateur draft by the Twins. Once he was in the majors though,\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4909392\",\n \"text\": \"4-1. He was 2-3 overall in the postseason. Brad Radke Brad William Radke (born October 27, 1972) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher who played his entire 12 season career with the Minnesota Twins. Radke won 148 career games and was one of the most consistent pitchers in the Twins organization during the late 1990s. Radke was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin and graduated from Jesuit High School of Tampa where he was known as a scholar-athlete. Radke was not considered a top prospect before being drafted in the 8th round of the 1991 amateur draft by the\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232614\",\n \"text\": \"the name was changed again to \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord!?\\\", to avoid infringing upon the Batman IP. A third game, \\\"No Heroes Allowed!\\\" was released in late 2010. With the exception of Japan, \\\"Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?\\\" received average reviews. \\\"\\\"Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman!\\\" is an extremely quirky, challenging title that has a few frustrating elements that keep it from being a stellar downloadable,\\\" IGN said about the game. Game Revolution gave the game a C-, stating, \\\"A weird and unique freak of nature amongst the\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814939\",\n \"text\": \"gonna lose their mind.\\\" During the band's performance at Dirt Fest 2012 in Birch Run Michigan, Radke announced to the crowd that it would be the group's last show before returning to the studio for the band's second album. Ronnie also said in an interview that the band would be in the studio late 2012 with demos already and hoping for an early 2013 release. In issue number 1442 of Kerrang! Magazine, Ronnie Radke announced in an interview that \\\"The record's finished! That's what we did after the Warped Tour. We just didn't tell anybody!\\\" He also said \\\"[it will\",\n \"title\": \"Falling in Reverse\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13859489\",\n \"text\": \"until May 4, 2010, due to NIS America changing the game's name from \\\"Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! 2: Time to Tighten Up Security!\\\" to \\\"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord!? 2\\\" to avoid conflict with the \\\"Batman\\\" license.. The UMD release includes the first game. The gameplay is almost identical to the first game, with a few different additions and changes. These include 'Mutation' (monsters can mutate in three forms: by deformity, by obesity and by gigantism) and 'The Overlord's Chamber', where you can grow monsters and observe their evolution. \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334567\",\n \"text\": \"– 0:31 16. \\\"A Little Buzz\\\" – 2:46 17. \\\"Kids Didn't Change\\\" – 0:54 18. \\\"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\\\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334566\",\n \"text\": \"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\" – 5:57 12. \\\"Sometimes I Laugh\\\" – 3:20 13. \\\"My Life\\\" – 4:45 14. \\\"The Sojourn of Arjuna\\\" – 6:29 15. \\\"Buzz Ntro\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10278624\",\n \"text\": \"Marian Radke-Yarrow Marian Radke-Yarrow (March 2, 1918 – May 19, 2007) was an American child psychologist known for studying topics such as prejudice, altruism, and depression in children. She worked in academia in the early years after completing graduate school, and then she became a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) researcher who observed child behavior and parent-child interactions. Born in Horicon, Wisconsin, Radke-Yarrow had one sister, nine years older than herself. Her father worked in middle management for the company that became John Deere. Radke-Yarrow later recalled that she attended a year of preschool before beginning kindergarten. She said\",\n \"title\": \"Marian Radke-Yarrow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4909390\",\n \"text\": \"2006. On July 11, 2009, Radke was inducted into the Minnesota Twins Hall of Fame. On April 12, 2010, Radke was selected to raise one of the Twins pennant flags in left field at Target Field. Being in the AL, interleague play forced him to bat 29 times. He had 3 hits, a .130 batting average. He had 0 walks, but 5 sacrifice hits. Radke made his first of back-to-back-to-back postseason appearances in . His postseason totals are very solid with an overall 3.19 ERA in 31 innings pitched. His best postseason series was his first, against Oakland. He started\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3042781\",\n \"text\": \"Wrocław in Poland), where in 1927 Lina Radke set her first 800 m world record. Together with her husband, Lina Radke was one of the pioneers of female athletics in the mid-1920s. Competitions for women were not held frequently, but Radke nevertheless won several regional and national titles. She first specialised in the 1000 m, but when this was changed into the 800 m (because that distance would be held at the upcoming 1928 Summer Olympics), she switched to that event. The highlight of Radke's career were those 1928 Summer Olympics, as she won the inaugural title in the 800\",\n \"title\": \"Lina Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3042780\",\n \"text\": \"Lina Radke Karoline \\\"Lina\\\" Radke-Batschauer (18 October 1903 – 14 February 1983) was a German runner. She was the first Olympic champion in the 800 m for women. Born as Lina Batschauer, she started competing in athletics at the age of 20. In those years sports such as running were considered far too exhausting for women. This vision was shared by many, including the originator of the modern Olympic movement, Pierre de Coubertin. In 1927, she married Georg Radke, who was her coach and a manager of her club \\\"SC Baden-Baden\\\". The couple moved to Georg's hometown of Breslau (now\",\n \"title\": \"Lina Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16656496\",\n \"text\": \"and her husband also run a motivational coaching and health business in the Twin Cities, called WeCoach4U. In addition, she is a contributing writer to \\\"Swim Swam\\\" magazine; and in 2016, she was elected president of the newly-formed Minnesota chapter of the United States Olympians and Paralympians Association. Trina Radke Katrina Diane Radke Gerry (born December 17, 1970) is a former competitive swimmer who represented the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. Radke was born December 17, 1970. She was raised in Morris, Minnesota, but at the age of 13, she and her family moved\",\n \"title\": \"Trina Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16656495\",\n \"text\": \"struggles with CFIDS, entitled \\\"Be \\\"Your\\\" Best Without the Stress\\\". On August 30, 2017, it was announced that Radke was one of 18 competitors on \\\"\\\", the 35th season of the U.S. version of \\\"Survivor\\\". She was part of the Levu (Heroes) tribe and was the first person voted out of the game. Radke is married to former Stanford University and Olympic swim coach Ross Gerry. Together, they reside in Excelsior, Minnesota, and have two children. Radke works as a marriage and family therapist (MFT), as well as an online professor for Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, California. She\",\n \"title\": \"Trina Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16656491\",\n \"text\": \"Trina Radke Katrina Diane Radke Gerry (born December 17, 1970) is a former competitive swimmer who represented the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. Radke was born December 17, 1970. She was raised in Morris, Minnesota, but at the age of 13, she and her family moved to Emmaus, Pennsylvania. By the time she was 14, she had landed a spot on the U.S. National Swim Team, and was its youngest member. She won gold medals at the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in 1985 and 1987, as part of the 800-meter (4 × 200m) Freestyle\",\n \"title\": \"Trina Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787754\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4671220\",\n \"text\": \"co-hosted the radio show \\\"Weekend America\\\", produced by American Public Media. As a stand-up comedian, he won the 1992 Seattle International Comedy Competition. Radke authored the book \\\"Seattle\\\" and wrote a weekly humor column in the \\\"Seattle Post-Intelligencer\\\". He lives in Seattle, Washington, with his wife, two daughters and son. Bill Radke Bill Radke is an American radio talk show host, web video host, author, comedian and columnist. He currently hosts Seattle's KUOW-FM's \\\"The Record\\\" and \\\"Week In Review\\\". From November 1, 2010 to October 2012 he hosted Seattle's Morning News on KIRO-FM 97.3 with Linda Thomas in the 5AM\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138900\",\n \"text\": \"the past: \\\"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\\\" Its B-side is \\\"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\\\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \\\"How Could Something\\\" and by Chamillionaire for \\\"Void In My Life\\\". The music video was an imitation of \\\"The Godfather\\\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13686290\",\n \"text\": \"do in the Great War?\\\" were not the only contributing factor to these recruitment figures, writing that recruiters \\\"quickly decided that using the latest forms of mass advertising had a negative effect\\\". The poster played on the guilt associated with not volunteering for wartime service. Karyn Burman writes that propaganda posters of the time \\\"presented a carefully crafted image of manhood defining 'real' men as those who fought for their families, for King and Country.\\\" She cites this poster as an example of an image that was \\\"designed to question a man's sense of self-worth\\\". Daddy, what did you do\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10061378\",\n \"text\": \"Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline (RMRS) is a regional park on the shoreline of Carquinez Strait in Martinez, located in northern Contra Costa County, California. Formerly known as the Martinez Regional Shoreline, it was renamed on December 6, 2016, in honor of the late Ted Radke and his late wife Kathy Radke. The park covers , and is part of the East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD) system. In the eastern section of the park there are group picnic areas, softball fields, bocce ball courts, and soccer fields. In the western section there are open lawns, small\",\n \"title\": \"Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20894238\",\n \"text\": \"Buchanan confessed having the lyrics stuck in his head. He added that the track can sound shocking initially since \\\"it forgoes the timelessness of 'Shallow' and its ilk in favor of what feels like pop disposability\\\", but noted its rising popularity in social media. Warren added her thoughts to Buchanan saying that the track has its \\\"revenge, because it sticks in your brain. And then you end up saying, 'Why did you do that, do that, do that'.\\\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"A Star Is Born\\\". Why Did You Do That? \\\"Why Did You Do That?\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"Why Did You Do That?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10061379\",\n \"text\": \"family picnic areas, ponds and creeks, and of trails through the marsh and along the shoreline. The long San Francisco Bay Trail passes through the park. The Carquinez Strait Regional Shoreline continues to the west along Carquinez Strait, through Port Costa to Crockett and the Crockett Hills Regional Park. Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline (RMRS) is a regional park on the shoreline of Carquinez Strait in Martinez, located in northern Contra Costa County, California. Formerly known as the Martinez Regional Shoreline, it was renamed on December 6, 2016, in honor of the late Ted Radke and his\",\n \"title\": \"Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8041294\",\n \"text\": \"Black and White City). Later, Ronnie Radke was involved in an altercation in Las Vegas that resulted in the fatal shooting of 18-year-old Michael Cook. While Radke did not shoot Cook, he was indicted on battery charges, while the man who shot Cook claimed self-defense. These charges against Radke, combined with Ronnie's past troubles with narcotics and rehab, led to a sentence of five years probation. Radke failed to report to his probation officer and was arrested in June 2008, where he was sentenced to two years in prison. Radke was officially fired from \\\"Escape the Fate\\\" in mid-2008. After\",\n \"title\": \"Escape the Fate\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4909387\",\n \"text\": \"an average of 34 games a year. He was, however, also known for giving up home runs, yielding as many as 40 in a single season, and he was often plagued by first-inning troubles. This had the effect of making his ERA totals sometimes seem deceptively high, as his first-inning ERA was sometimes more than a full run higher than his ERA's for the rest of the game. His susceptibility to home runs was lampooned in a commercial for 1995's Sega Sports World Series Baseball II, and featured Radke watching as home runs sailed out of the park. Radke had\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3042783\",\n \"text\": \"in Breslau and Torgau. Her husband took part in World War II and was held as a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union. Upon his release in 1950, the family moved to Karlsruhe. Lina Radke Karoline \\\"Lina\\\" Radke-Batschauer (18 October 1903 – 14 February 1983) was a German runner. She was the first Olympic champion in the 800 m for women. Born as Lina Batschauer, she started competing in athletics at the age of 20. In those years sports such as running were considered far too exhausting for women. This vision was shared by many, including the originator of\",\n \"title\": \"Lina Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17163621\",\n \"text\": \"1998. Ted Radke Theodore Paul \\\"Ted\\\" Radke (born 3 November 1958) is a former Australian politician. He was born at Beaudesert and worked as a teacher at TAFE colleges. His qualifications included an Associate Diploma in Rural Techniques (Horticulture), a Bachelor of Applied Science (Oenology), a Graduate Diploma in Business Administration (Queensland University of Technology, and a Graduate Diploma in Adult and Vocational Education (Griffith University). He joined the Liberal Party in 1985. After an unsuccessful run for Cunningham in 1992, he was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly as the member for Greenslopes in 1995. He lost his seat\",\n \"title\": \"Ted Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17163620\",\n \"text\": \"Ted Radke Theodore Paul \\\"Ted\\\" Radke (born 3 November 1958) is a former Australian politician. He was born at Beaudesert and worked as a teacher at TAFE colleges. His qualifications included an Associate Diploma in Rural Techniques (Horticulture), a Bachelor of Applied Science (Oenology), a Graduate Diploma in Business Administration (Queensland University of Technology, and a Graduate Diploma in Adult and Vocational Education (Griffith University). He joined the Liberal Party in 1985. After an unsuccessful run for Cunningham in 1992, he was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly as the member for Greenslopes in 1995. He lost his seat in\",\n \"title\": \"Ted Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16656493\",\n \"text\": \"along the way, while becoming a national champion swimmer in the 200-meter butterfly at the 1990 U.S. Long-Course Championships, where she competed alongside such swimmers as Janet Evans and Summer Sanders. Radke also was a co-captain on Team USA. She graduated Berkeley with a Bachelor's degree in International Business and Ethics, and then earned a Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy at Southern Connecticut State University. While still in high school, Radke contracted mononucleosis. Despite this, she continued to compete in swim meets even at the highest level. In 1991, she learned that she had chronic fatigue immune dysfunction\",\n \"title\": \"Trina Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232613\",\n \"text\": \"will be filled with mana, which can be used to create different monsters. More so, if that hero dies, the remainder of his mana is expelled onto surrounding blocks. This game is mostly unknown outside Japan and is considered to be a cult hit. A sequel was released entitled \\\"Yuusha no Kuse Ni Namaikida or2\\\", which features almost identical gameplay with a few different additions and changes. In April 2009, it was announced that the game was released in North America under the name \\\"Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?\\\" On February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4671219\",\n \"text\": \"Bill Radke Bill Radke is an American radio talk show host, web video host, author, comedian and columnist. He currently hosts Seattle's KUOW-FM's \\\"The Record\\\" and \\\"Week In Review\\\". From November 1, 2010 to October 2012 he hosted Seattle's Morning News on KIRO-FM 97.3 with Linda Thomas in the 5AM to 9AM Pacific time slot. Previously he had been hosting American Public Media’s \\\"Marketplace Morning Report\\\", a daily business/economy newscast. He also contributed humorous news and commentary segments to KUOW's long-running show \\\"Sandy Bradley's Pot Luck\\\", created and hosted the satire show \\\"Rewind\\\", distributed by National Public Radio (NPR), and\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Radke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942400\",\n \"text\": \"Retro Productions in New York City at the Spoon Theater. This production was attended and praised by A.R. Gurney and his extended family, and directed by Ric Sechrest. A professional revival was staged in Houston, Texas in 2003, directed by Kelley Williams. The Cast was as follows (2003): Charlie: (In alternating performances): Giddony Sanchez/ Shawn Anthony Anderson; Anna Trumbull: Sarah Douchez; Elsie: Jade Prudent; Grace: Elizabeth Keel; Bonny: Genieva Croley; Ted: John Ruiz. What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11440132\",\n \"text\": \"body and only Phil is aware of her actions. When they return, several months later, Ronnie reveals that she has bought the local gym. She learns that Sharon Rickman (Letitia Dean) and Shirley Carter (Linda Henry) know what happened to Carl and tells Roxy the truth, who accepts Ronnie's explanation of the incident. Carl's family put pressure on Ronnie as they ask about Carl's whereabouts. When they realise that Ronnie has something to do with his disappearance, Carl's brother, Adam White (Ben Wigzell), snatches Lola Pearce's (Danielle Harold) daughter, Lexi Pearce, while she is in the care of Ronnie and\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Mitchell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942392\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on the shores of Lake Erie, the time 1945, during the final stages of World War II. Charlie, an incipiently rebellious fourteen-year-old, is summering with his mother and sister (his father is fighting in the Pacific) before going off to an expensive boarding school in the fall. Although he intended to spend the summer loafing and socializing with his friends (such as Ted), the need for spending money forces him to take a job\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12689145\",\n \"text\": \"the one released on the Dillard Hartford Dillard release \\\"Glitter-Grass from the Nashwood Hollyville Strings\\\". There has been no definitive explanation for this substitution. Thus, this studio version of \\\"Joseph's Dream\\\" remains unreleased on CD. It was, however, released as a digital download. Writing for Allmusic, critic Ronnie D. Lankford, Jr. called the album \\\"highly eccentric\\\" and wrote \\\"Hartford's approach on Nobody Knows What You Do is just about as far out as Hartford ever ventured... [it] shouldn't be the first choice for a new Hartford devotee. It may not even appeal to fans of his more recent work. But\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody Knows What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20894229\",\n \"text\": \"the word \\\"damn\\\" in the mix. The chorus is repetitive with Gaga singing the words, \\\"Why did you do that, do that, do that, do that, do that to me?\\\" against a house beat. Warren clarified that the intention was not to write a \\\"bad\\\" pop song, but something that was fun and less serious, showing Ally's change into a pop artist. She added: \\\"I love that [Ally] defended her music. It doesn't have to be what he thinks music should be — music can be everything. It can be a serious song, it can be a pop song, it\",\n \"title\": \"Why Did You Do That?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10278628\",\n \"text\": \"observations on child rearing in the country. The delegation's book, \\\"Childhood in China\\\", highlights her work there. She also served on term as president of the Division of Developmental Psychology at the American Psychological Association (APA). She received the APA's G. Stanley Hall Award. She died of leukemia at her home in Bethesda, Maryland, aged 89. She was predeceased by her husband, psychologist Leon Yarrow, in 1982. They had one son. Marian Radke-Yarrow Marian Radke-Yarrow (March 2, 1918 – May 19, 2007) was an American child psychologist known for studying topics such as prejudice, altruism, and depression in children. She\",\n \"title\": \"Marian Radke-Yarrow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12851558\",\n \"text\": \"around\\\" and go back to his lover, then hold her, and then tell her how sorry he is for what he did. What I Need to Do \\\"What I Need To Do\\\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album \\\"Everywhere We Go\\\". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about \\\"what [he] need[s] to do\\\" as\",\n \"title\": \"What I Need to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3135894\",\n \"text\": \"to Say Goodbye\\\". A music video for \\\"How Do I Deal\\\" was made available to music television networks. On August 15, 2006, a straight-to-DVD sequel titled \\\"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" was released. The film is unrelated to the two previous films, and features no returning cast members. It was originally proposed to continue where \\\"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" left off. Instead, the film features an unrelated plot with a brief mention of the first two films. I Still Know What You Did Last Summer I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\",\n \"title\": \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10278626\",\n \"text\": \"co-wrote with Helen G. Trager, was cited in the \\\"Brown v. Board of Education\\\" desegregation case. As part of the Philadelphia Early Childhood Project, Radke-Yarrow and Trager interviewed 250 Philadelphia public school students between the ages of five and eight, and they looked at concepts like self-hatred as root causes of anti-Semitism and racism. She became one of few women who headed a laboratory at NIH, leading the developmental psychology laboratory at the NIMH from 1974 to 1995. Radke-Yarrow had one of the most unique laboratories among NIMH researchers: she observed children and their parents in an old stone home\",\n \"title\": \"Marian Radke-Yarrow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3668025\",\n \"text\": \"Slowest Rising Comedian\\\". Schell also acted in a few Pacific Southwest Airlines commercials such as \\\"Smile Inspection\\\" and \\\"PSA Gives You A Lift Pageant\\\". At the end of a Jerry Lewis PSA jingle, a voice said \\\"That was Jerry Lewis for PSA, and this is Ronnie Schell. What did I do wrong?\\\" Schell was the voice for the hockey puck-shaped character on the Peter Puck cartoons, which aired during televised National Hockey League games in the 1970s. In 2007, Schell was part of a touring cabaret show titled, \\\"5 Star Revue\\\" with Gary Collins, Mary Ann Mobley, Ruta Lee, and\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Schell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10747028\",\n \"text\": \"Following this release came \\\"A Misteriosa Luta do Reino de Parassempre Contra o Império de Nuncamais\\\" (1969) and \\\"A Máquina Voadora\\\" (1970). Though it did not meet with much success, today Ronnie's experimental work is being rediscovered by a new generation of rock listeners, rendering him a high degree of underground cult status. Ronnie Von Ronaldo Nogueira (born July 17, 1944), better known as Ronnie Von, is a Brazilian singer, businessman and TV show host. Ronnie became known in the 1960s associated with Brazilian rock, and since 2004 presents currently between Mondays and Fridays the TV night show \\\"Todo Seu\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Ronnie Von\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14746909\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday? Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? is a 1963 children's book published by Beginner Books and written by Helen Palmer Geisel, the first wife of Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss). Unlike most of the Beginner Books, \\\"Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday?\\\" did not follow the format of text with inline drawings, being illustrated with black-and-white photographs by Lynn Fayman, featuring a boy named Rawli Davis. It is sometimes misattributed to Dr. Seuss himself. The book's cover features a photograph of a\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15810357\",\n \"text\": \"at someone try looking in the mirror first. “If we are born to die and we all die to live, then what’s the point of living life if life just contradicts?” Questions we all ask when we pick ourselves up off the floor and do the only thing we can do, try again. Life is what you make of it, if you have lost yourself, it is up to you to find your way again. I got all profound there for a second, it happens. All tracks are written and composed by Ronnie Radke, Michael 'Elvis' Baskette and David Holdredge\",\n \"title\": \"The Drug in Me Is You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753826\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Definitive Collection\\\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \\\"Paper Lace\\\". I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988633\",\n \"text\": \"Amazon.co.uk, \\\"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\\\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994152\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8543550\",\n \"text\": \"and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, \\\"What did the rose do to the cypress?\\\" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill\",\n \"title\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1793157\",\n \"text\": \"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \\\"What Would Jesus Buy?\\\", \\\"What Would Lincoln Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\\\", and \\\"What would Tintin do?\\\". The term \\\"What Would Jesus Do?\\\" or \\\"WWJD\\\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What would Jesus do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14319269\",\n \"text\": \"10 on 15 September. The song spent a total of 11 weeks inside the top 75 chart. In Australia, \\\"What Can You Do For Me\\\" did not enter the ARIA top 100 singles chart until April 1993, following its re-release after the success of \\\"Something Good\\\". A new version of the song remixed by Drumsound & Bassline Smith was released on 26 February 2012. What Can You Do for Me \\\"What Can You Do For Me\\\" is the debut single by English electronic group Utah Saints. The song was released on 12 August 1991 and reached a peak position of\",\n \"title\": \"What Can You Do for Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11542051\",\n \"text\": \"but did become domestically available digitally shortly after Khan won multiple Grammys for her 2007 album \\\"Funk This\\\". In 2016, Big Break Records re-issued the album as an expanded edition with special liner notes and pictures containing three additional tracks: \\\"Only Once\\\", \\\"Lover's Touch\\\" and \\\"I Know You, I Live You (Remix)\\\". What Cha' Gonna Do for Me What Cha' Gonna Do for Me is the Gold certified third solo album by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan, released on the Warner Bros. Records label in 1981. Three singles were released from \\\"What Cha' Gonna Do\\\": the Beatles cover \\\"We Can\",\n \"title\": \"What Cha' Gonna Do for Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347814\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode of \\\"Lost\\\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918902\",\n \"text\": \"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918894\",\n \"text\": \"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856928\",\n \"text\": \"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856925\",\n \"text\": \"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \\\"The Harpole Report\\\" and Edward\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994147\",\n \"text\": \"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \\\"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\\\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17247248\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["guitar","lead vocalist","keyboard"],"string":"[\n \"guitar\",\n \"lead vocalist\",\n \"keyboard\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1280,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what form of government does czech republic have?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"63758","text":"1990 World Men's Handball Championship; home venue of ex-KHL's HC Lev Praha) and Stadion Evžena Rošického (1978 European Athletics Championships). Government News Statistics Trade Travel Czech Republic The Czech Republic (; ), also known by its short-form name, Czechia (; ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with /1e6 round 1 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city","title":"Czech Republic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"63758\",\n \"text\": \"1990 World Men's Handball Championship; home venue of ex-KHL's HC Lev Praha) and Stadion Evžena Rošického (1978 European Athletics Championships). Government News Statistics Trade Travel Czech Republic The Czech Republic (; ), also known by its short-form name, Czechia (; ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with /1e6 round 1 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11215766","text":"Government of the Czech Republic The Government of the Czech Republic () exercises executive power in the Czech Republic. The members of the government are the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (Chairman of the Government), the deputy ministers and other ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The government is led by the Prime Minister, who selects all the remaining ministers. Government of the Czech Republic is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Czech Republic. The current Prime Minister","title":"Government of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"11215767","text":"is Andrej Babiš. The current government, sworn in on June 27, 2018 is the 15th since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993. It has 17 members and a prime minister. The cabinet consists of the following members: Government of the Czech Republic The Government of the Czech Republic () exercises executive power in the Czech Republic. The members of the government are the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (Chairman of the Government), the deputy ministers and other ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The government is led by the Prime Minister, who","title":"Government of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"6938419","text":"Name of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic's official formal and short names at the United Nations are and in Czech, and the Czech Republic and Czechia in English. All these names derive from the name of the Czechs, the West Slavic ethnic group native to the Czech lands. \"Czechia\" (), the official English short name specified by the Czech government, is used by many international organisations and attested as early as 1841. However, most English speakers use \"[the] Czech Republic\" in all contexts. Other languages generally have greater official use of a short form analogous to \"Česko\" or \"Czechia\"","title":"Name of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"18813831","text":"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the current Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka was held on Tuesday 26 May 2015. The vote was initiated because of opposition concerns about conflicts of interest on the part of Finance Minister Andrej Babiš. The vote of no confidence was called by the three opposition political parties - ODS, TOP 09 and Úsvit (\"Dawn\") on 21 May 2015 as step against Finance Minister of the Czech Republic Andrej Babiš. The vote of no confidence to the Government","title":"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015"},{"psg_id":"20484727","text":"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek was held on 24 March 2009. It was the first time since dissolution of Czechoslovakia that Czech government lost vote of No Confidence. Vote was held during Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2009. 101 MPs voted for the motion of Noc Confidence. Some MPs of governing coalition voted for the motion. It includes Vlastimil Tlustý, Jan Schwippel, Věra Jakubková and Olga Zubová. Independent cabinet of Jan","title":"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009"},{"psg_id":"20484728","text":"Fischer was appointed in May 2009. Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek was held on 24 March 2009. It was the first time since dissolution of Czechoslovakia that Czech government lost vote of No Confidence. Vote was held during Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2009. 101 MPs voted for the motion of Noc Confidence. Some MPs of governing coalition voted for the motion. It includes Vlastimil Tlustý, Jan Schwippel, Věra Jakubková and","title":"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009"},{"psg_id":"16165229","text":"Croats in the Czech Republic Croats are one of the 12 recognized minorities in the Czech Republic. They number 850 – 2,000. They have the right to use the Croatian language in communication with Czech authorities and government according to the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms of the Czech Republic. They form a portion of the 29% minority in the Czech Republic. They live primarily in Moravia, in the villages of Jevišovka (Frielištof), Dobré Pole (Dobro Polje) and Nový Přerov (Nova Prerava). The ancestors of the Croats in the Czech Republic arrived in the 1500s from central Croatia,","title":"Croats in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"2502563","text":"placing it within the three powers, the bank was given its own chapter. The constitution provides the basis for local government, by dividing the territory of the republic into self-governing territorial districts, and regions (Articles 99–105). The document concludes by weighing in on a number of so-called 'interim' issues which mainly applied to the Republic in its first year of existence. Chiefly, it specifically delineates what officers or laws of the former Czech government as a constituent part of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic remained in force until the Czech Republic produced new officeholders or laws under the provisions found elsewhere","title":"Constitution of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"18813832","text":"was unsuccessful as only 47 legislators supported no confidence when 101 were needed. 105 Members of Parliament voted against no confidence and 32 MP's abstained. 16 legislators did not attend the meeting of the Chamber of Deputies. Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the current Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka was held on Tuesday 26 May 2015. The vote was initiated because of opposition concerns about conflicts of interest on the part of Finance Minister Andrej Babiš. The vote of no confidence was","title":"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015"},{"psg_id":"72301","text":"Politics of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, in which the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Czech Republic which reports to the lower house of Parliament. The Legislature is bicameral, with the Chamber of Deputies (\"Poslanecká sněmovna\") consisting of 200 members and the Senate (\"Senát\") consisting of 81 members. Both houses together make up the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The political system of the Czech Republic is a multi-party system. Since 1993, the two","title":"Politics of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"15383053","text":"Czech Republic, which was opened in January 2008, is in the capital Prague. Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech-Macedonian relations refers to the bilateral political relations between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Macedonia. Republic of Macedonia has an embassy in Prague, whilst the Czech Republic has a consular agency in Skopje. Bilateral relations are excellent and besides the fact that Macedonia became an independent country only in 1991, Czech-Macedonian relations have a long tradition. Before 1991, much of the relations occurred in the context between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Between the two world wars, from 1924 to 1938, the","title":"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations"},{"psg_id":"63707","text":"almost 1% in 2007. About 77,000 people immigrate to the Czech Republic annually. Vietnamese immigrants began settling in the Czech Republic during the Communist period, when they were invited as guest workers by the Czechoslovak government. In 2009, there were about 70,000 Vietnamese in the Czech Republic. Most decide to stay in the country permanently. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the city with the third largest Czech population, after Prague and Vienna. According to the 2010 US census, there are 1,533,826 Americans of full or partial Czech descent. The Czech Republic has one of the least","title":"Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"15383049","text":"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech-Macedonian relations refers to the bilateral political relations between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Macedonia. Republic of Macedonia has an embassy in Prague, whilst the Czech Republic has a consular agency in Skopje. Bilateral relations are excellent and besides the fact that Macedonia became an independent country only in 1991, Czech-Macedonian relations have a long tradition. Before 1991, much of the relations occurred in the context between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Between the two world wars, from 1924 to 1938, the Czechoslovak Republic had a consulate in Skopje, which in that period was (as","title":"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations"},{"psg_id":"14707045","text":"1 January 1993, the Chinese government extended diplomatic relations. At the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, government officials from both sides signed and exchanged notes recognizing the treaties and agreements signed between China and the former Czechoslovakia Federal Republic continues to be upheld and binding. The bilateral relationship sunk to a low in 1995 as the Czech Republic allowed Lien Chan and other Taiwanese government officials to have a state visit in their country. The Czech Republic also openly supported Two-Chinas and Taiwan's re-entry in the United Nations. In early 1996, relationship between the two countries improved as the Czech","title":"China–Czech Republic relations"},{"psg_id":"15383052","text":"two countries shows a positive trend. Many companies from the Czech Republic have so far invested in Macedonia. Other spheres of good cooperation between the two states are tourism and education. The Czech Republic is also a country that recognizes Macedonia under its constitutional name \"Republic of Macedonia\" and supports it in the name row with Greece. The Czech Republic therefore is one of 131 states in total, which have also recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name. The embassy of the Czech Republic in Macedonia was opened in September 2006 and is located in Skopje. The Macedonian embassy in the","title":"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations"},{"psg_id":"72312","text":"Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie) (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, Visegrád group, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, Zangger Committee Government Politics of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, in which the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Czech Republic which reports to the lower house of Parliament. The Legislature is","title":"Politics of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"12219251","text":"and Television Broadcasting Council in 2001 blocked their requests to expand the TV3 service across the Czech Republic via analogue terrestrial television. In June 2001, Vladimír Železný, a Czech television tycoon and former owner of TV Nova, held discussions with the three main commercial channels in the Czech Republic, TV Nova, TV Prima and TV3 about the suggestion of a merger. However, such a deal would have been considered illegal by the Czech Government. In September 2001, the Czech Radio and Television Broadcasting Council refused a request from European Media Ventures and Martin Kindernay to transfer TV3's licence to a","title":"TV3 (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"18850692","text":"could make a substantial contribution to the growth of competitiveness of the Czech Republic. This programme supports the creation and operation of RD&I centres that are innovative, competitive, sustainable, have a market potential and centralize the research and application capacities of the public and private sectors. According to its statute, one of TA CR's main activities is the development of international collaboration in applied RD&I and collaboration with similar agencies abroad, including: Technology Agency of the Czech Republic The Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TA CR) is a Czech government agency, founded in 2009 to enhance and encourage cooperation","title":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"15383051","text":"1968, when the Warsaw Pact invaded Czechoslovakia, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (at that time a republic within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) supported Czechoslovakia. A lot of manifestations were held throughout Macedonia in order to support Czechoslovakia and to protest against what was happening. The Czech Republic offers continuous support to the Republic of Macedonia considering the country's accession to the European Union and NATO, which is among the top strategic priorities of Macedonia. The cooperation in the field of economy between Macedonia and the Czech Republic is good and improving. The level of trade exchange between the","title":"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations"},{"psg_id":"12429912","text":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (MZVČR, MFACR) (Czech: \"Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky\") is a Czech government ministry responsible for international relations of the Czech Republic. The Ministry is headquartered in Černín Palace, Loretánské náměstí 5, 118, Prague 1, (Hradčany). The Ministry operates the diplomatic missions of the Czech Republic abroad and is responsible for implementing the foreign policy of the Czech Republic and Czech diplomacy efforts. The Ministry is led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who is nominated by the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. The current","title":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"16988994","text":"Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Justice of the Czech Republic () is a government ministry of the Czech Republic. The powers of the Ministry of Justice as defined by Section 11 of Act No. 2/1696 Coll. on Creation of Ministries and Other Central Authorities are: It is a central authority of the state administration for courts of law and the Public Prosecutor’s Office. It gives legal opinion on credit and guarantee agreements, whose party is the Czech Republic. It acts as a central authority of the state administration for prisons; the Prison Service of the Czech Republic","title":"Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"12429913","text":"Minister of Foreign Affairs is Tomáš Petříček, in office since 16 October 2018. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (MZVČR, MFACR) (Czech: \"Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky\") is a Czech government ministry responsible for international relations of the Czech Republic. The Ministry is headquartered in Černín Palace, Loretánské náměstí 5, 118, Prague 1, (Hradčany). The Ministry operates the diplomatic missions of the Czech Republic abroad and is responsible for implementing the foreign policy of the Czech Republic and Czech diplomacy efforts. The Ministry is led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs,","title":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"72330","text":"Kalousek formed state budget with projection of 5% GDP increase in 2009. In 2009 and 2010, Czech Republic suffered strong economical crisis and GDP decreased by 4,5%. From 2009 to 2012, Czech Republic suffered highest state budget deficits in history of independent Czech Republic. From 2008 to 2012, the public debt of Czech Republic increased by 18,9%. Most decrease of industrial output was in construction industry (-25% in 2009, -15,5% in 2013). From 4Q 2009 to 1Q 2013, GDP decreased by 7,8%. In 2012, Czech government increased VAT. Basic VAT was increased from 20% in 2012 to 21% in 2013","title":"Economy of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"72329","text":"4.3%, a relatively modest decrease. The impact of the economic crisis may have been limited by the existence of the national currency that temporarily weakened in H1 of 2009, simplifying the life of the exporters. From the financial crisis of 2007–2010, Czech Republic is in stagnation or decreasing of GDP. Some commenters and economists criticising fiscally conservative policy of Petr Nečas' right-wing government, especially criticising ex-minister of finance, Miroslav Kalousek. Miroslav Kalousek in a 2008 interview, as minister of finance in the center-right government of Mirek Topolánek, said \"Czech Republic will not suffer by financial crisis\". In September 2008, Miroslav","title":"Economy of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"16988995","text":"is its subsidiary. It acts as a central authority of the state administration for probation and mediation. It represents the Czech Republic claims for breaching the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and coordinates the execution of the decisions of the relevant international bodies. As part of the independent Republic Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Justice of the Czech Republic () is a government ministry of the Czech Republic. The powers of the Ministry of Justice as defined by Section 11","title":"Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"2445758","text":"The residence is located at Gogolova 212/1 in the Hradčany district of Prague. The building was built from 1911 to 1914. It was designed by the Viennese architect Friedrich Ohmann. Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The Chairman of the Government of the Czech Republic (Czech: \"Předseda vlády České republiky\", normally referred to in English as the Prime Minister), is the head of the Government of the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, who are government ministries heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Chamber of Deputies. The","title":"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"2445755","text":"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The Chairman of the Government of the Czech Republic (Czech: \"Předseda vlády České republiky\", normally referred to in English as the Prime Minister), is the head of the Government of the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, who are government ministries heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Chamber of Deputies. The current Prime Minister, Andrej Babiš, leader of the ANO 2011, was appointed by the President on 6 December 2017, and serves as 12th person in the office. The Prime Minister","title":"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"15382239","text":"and social affairs, the head of the Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, and the directors of the intelligence services of the Czech Republic. The secretariat in this committee is tasked with preparing expert conceptual documents. Intelligence System of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic Intelligence System (IS) is responsible for the collection, analysis, reporting and dissemination of intelligence on threats to the Czech Republic, both foreign and domestic. It is also responsible for collecting intelligence on foreign nations, organisations, person and groups. The IS is vital towards the protection and promotion of the Czech Republic and its","title":"Intelligence System of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"15996515","text":"France, the dead mixed doubles rubbers were not played. Czechoslovakia at the Hopman Cup Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup The Czech Republic is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on ten occasions, first competing at the 5th Hopman Cup in 1993. They have won the title on two occasions: in 1994 and in 2012. Before its dissolution, the Czech Republic used to form part of Czechoslovakia which competed at the first four Hopman Cups, from 1989 until 1992. This is a list of players who have played for the Czech Republic in the Hopman Cup.","title":"Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup"},{"psg_id":"15996514","text":"Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup The Czech Republic is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on ten occasions, first competing at the 5th Hopman Cup in 1993. They have won the title on two occasions: in 1994 and in 2012. Before its dissolution, the Czech Republic used to form part of Czechoslovakia which competed at the first four Hopman Cups, from 1989 until 1992. This is a list of players who have played for the Czech Republic in the Hopman Cup. In 2012, in the round robin tie against Denmark and in the final against","title":"Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup"},{"psg_id":"7097892","text":"Senate of the Czech Republic The Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (), usually referred to as Senate, is the upper chamber of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Senate is Wallenstein Palace in Prague. The Senate has 81 members, elected for six years, every two years one third of them, in one-seat constituencies through two rounds majority system (the second round is between two candidates with highest number of votes from the first round – if no candidate obtains 50+% majority in the first round). A candidate for the Senate does not need","title":"Senate of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"72334","text":"European Union and it is bound to adopt the Euro currency in the future. The Czech Republic also receives €24.2bn between 2014–20 from European Structural and Investment Funds, however, this sum does not outweigh the amount of capital outflow of profits of foreign owned firms from the Czech Republic into other EU members. As of 2016, the Czech Republic has the second lowest poverty rate of OECD members only behind Denmark. Most electricity is produced by coal (51.4%, 2015) and nuclear (32%, 2015) power plants; renewable power plants account for 11.2% (in 2015). The government's 2015 energy policy designates nuclear","title":"Economy of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"7097894","text":"in a repeated vote. The Senate, however, cannot be overridden when it votes on electoral law, constitutional law and on international treaties. Senate decides on confirmation of judges of the Constitutional Court, proposed by the President. It often uses this power to block unacceptable nominants and may propose new laws. However, the Senate does not get to vote on the country's budget or on confidence in the government, unlike the Chamber of Deputies. The President of the Senate is the second-highest official of the Czech Republic for ceremonial purposes, after the President of the Republic, but without much real political","title":"Senate of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"9049351","text":"D10 motorway (Czech Republic) Motorway D10 () is an motorway in the Czech Republic, running northeast from Prague to Mladá Boleslav and Turnov. It forms part of the European Route European route E65. The sections from Prague have been built since the 1970s and at that time, it was planned to build the expressway to the Polish border, not only to Turnov. The expressway reached Turnov in 1990. In 1993, the government decided that the section Turnov - Polish border would not be constructed. Thus, it is considered to be the first completed expressway in the Czech Republic. The motorway,","title":"D10 motorway (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"63672","text":"(days with more than 10 mm per day) are more frequent in the months of May to August (average around two such days per month). The Czech Republic ranks as the 27th most environmentally conscious country in the world in Environmental Performance Index. The Czech Republic has four National Parks (Šumava National Park, Krkonoše National Park, České Švýcarsko National Park, Podyjí National Park) and 25 Protected Landscape Areas. The Czech Republic is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, with the President as head of state and Prime Minister as head of government. The Parliament (\"Parlament České republiky\") is bicameral, with","title":"Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"18547006","text":"tourists visit Kenya annually. The first ever chartered flight from Prague to Kenya was inaugurated in 2006. The Government of the Czech Republic offers two scholarships to Kenyans annually, about 30 Kenyans study in the Czech Republic. Approximately 50 Kenyans live in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic has also in the past offered assistance in environmental protection and drought mitigation. Kenya is one of the most important trade partners for the Czech Republic in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2006, bilateral trade was worth KES. 638.2 million (EUR. 6.2 million). The Czech Republic exported goods worth KES. 446.1 million (EUR. 4.35","title":"Czech Republic–Kenya relations"},{"psg_id":"13302860","text":"support of EU enlargement to all six Balkan countries at the forthcoming EU summit, on the initiative of Prime Minister Andrej Babis. The Czech Republic currently has 411 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force. Notes: References: Czech Republic–Kosovo relations Czech–Kosovan relations are foreign relations between the Czech Republic and Kosovo. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Czech Republic recognized it on 21 May 2008. The Czech Republic opened an embassy in Pristina on 16 July 2008. When Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, the Czech government","title":"Czech Republic–Kosovo relations"},{"psg_id":"18547005","text":"Czech Republic–Kenya relations Czech Republic–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Czech Republic and Kenya. Kenya and the Czech Republic maintain cordial relations. The First Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Czech Republic visited Kenya in 2011. In 2006, the Czech Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade visited Kenya. A 14-member parliamentary team visited and attended an inter-parliamentary meeting in Nairobi. The Kenyan tourism minister visited the Czech Republic in 2006. Kenya and the Czech Republic have signed agreements in: Both countries have identified key areas in development such as commerce, trade, tourism, education and culture. Approximately, 10,000 Czech","title":"Czech Republic–Kenya relations"},{"psg_id":"12637357","text":"influence in Austrian politics, economy and the arts had their roots in what is now the Czech Republic. During the First World War, while nearly 1.5 million Czechs fought in the Austro-Hungarian army, exiled Czech politicians backed by the military legions worked on the regaining of the independence of Bohemia in the form of Czech-Slovak union. The Entente powers supported their plans, which did not provide any autonomy or other special treatment for the Germans in the new country. After the end of the empire in October and November, 1918, German Austria and Czechoslovakia shortly quarreled on the issue of","title":"Austria–Czech Republic relations"},{"psg_id":"13302849","text":"Czech Republic–Kosovo relations Czech–Kosovan relations are foreign relations between the Czech Republic and Kosovo. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Czech Republic recognized it on 21 May 2008. The Czech Republic opened an embassy in Pristina on 16 July 2008. When Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, the Czech government initially declared that they would not immediately recognise Kosovo as an independent state, instead the Czech Republic would wait for the European Union to come up with a common stance towards the declaration. It became clear shortly afterwards that the EU would","title":"Czech Republic–Kosovo relations"},{"psg_id":"11651705","text":"Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic () is a specialized type of court which primarily works to protect the people in the Czech Republic against violations of the Constitution by either the legislature, government or by any other subject that violates people's constitutional rights and freedoms. In this respect, it is similar in functionality to the US Supreme Court, but is distinct from the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic. Of all the various levels of the Czech Judiciary it is the one created with the greatest specificity in the constitution. The decisions","title":"Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"17180476","text":"Cultural monument (Czech Republic) The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: \"kulturní památka\") are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: \"národní kulturní památka\") by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The criteria for declaring an object a cultural monument, as well as the rules of their protection and management are defined in Act 20/1987 Coll., on State Heritage Preservation. The criteria include objects that are","title":"Cultural monument (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"6495730","text":"Czech Republic and the euro The Czech Republic is bound to adopt the euro in the future and to join the eurozone once it has satisfied the euro convergence criteria by the Treaty of Accession since it joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. The Czech Republic is therefore a candidate for the enlargement of the eurozone and it uses the Czech koruna as its currency, regulated by the Czech National Bank, a member of the European System of Central Banks, and does not participate in European Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II). Although the Czech Republic is economically well","title":"Czech Republic and the euro"},{"psg_id":"8600389","text":"like carrots, peas, and cabbage. They also really enjoy their sweets such as fruit dumplings, buchty (buns filled with jam or chocolate/pudding), koláče (small poppy seed cakes), and apple strudel. Music is the most popular form of art in the Czech Republic and there is even a saying, \"Co Čech, to muzikant\", which means something like \"Every Czech is a musician\". The Czech Republic is known worldwide for their outstanding art glass and crystal. Each piece is individually made, mouth blown and decorated. Art glass collectors value glass made by master Czech glass blowers in the Bohemian region of the","title":"Culture of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"20094826","text":"the Iraq-Iran war, and the Czech Republic's participation in sanctions against Iraq from 1990 to 2003, the Czech Republic focused primarily on the reconstruction of Iraq, but in 2006 a liaison office was opened in Erbil and cultural exhibitions have been held in the Kurdistan Region in this period. In 2015, a Czech-Kurdish Chamber of Commerce was founded with the aim of promoting development and growth between Czech companies in the Kurdistan Region and vice versa. In March 2017, the Czech government announced that they would invest in the Kurdish agriculture sector. The Czech Republic has been aiding Kurdish military","title":"Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations"},{"psg_id":"63674","text":"prime minister. From 1993 until 2012, the President of the Czech Republic was selected by a joint session of the parliament for a five-year term, with no more than two consecutive terms (2x Václav Havel, 2x Václav Klaus). Since 2013 the presidential election is direct. Miloš Zeman was the first directly elected Czech President. The Government of the Czech Republic's exercise of executive power derives from the Constitution. The members of the government are the Prime Minister, Deputy ministers and other ministers. The Government is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies. The Prime Minister is the head of government and","title":"Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"72303","text":"to form a functioning government together due to Vladimír Špidla's strong anticommunism. The results produced a ČSSD coalition government with Christian Democrats (KDU-ČSL) and Liberals (US-DEU), while Civic Democrats (ODS) and Communists (KSČM) took place in opposition. The MP ratio was the tiniest 101:99. After many buffetings and, finally, after the catastrophic results of the June European Parliament election, 2004 Špidla resigned after a revolt in his own party and the government was reshuffled on the same basis. As the system in the Czech Republic repeatedly produces very weak governments (a specific problem is that about 15% of the electorate","title":"Politics of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"13352452","text":"Czech Republic–Japan relations Czech Republic–Japan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Japan. They were established in 1919 by Czechoslovakia and Japan. The diplomatic relation between Czechoslovakia and Japan was established in 1919. Czech architect Antonin Raymond was the honorary consul for the First Czechoslovak Republic in Japan from 1926 until 1939, representing the government of T. G. Masaryk. The relations were broken off during World War II from 1939, and re-established in 1957. Japan's first Minister Plenipotentiary to Czechoslovakia was Harukazu Nagaoka. After the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Japan recognized the foundation of the Czech Republic","title":"Czech Republic–Japan relations"},{"psg_id":"12511446","text":"estimated 2.4 million ethnic Germans were deported to East and West Germany, of whom several thousand perished in the population movement. There have been calls within Germany for the compensation of the refugees, which the Czech government has refused to entertain, citing the German occupation, wartime injustices, the German minority's support for the Nazi party, genocidal plans by the German government, and atrocities such as the Lidice Massacre. After the end of the Cold War, relations warmed between the newly-reunified Federal Republic of Germany and the newly-democratic Czech Republic. On February 27, 1992, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Czechoslovak President","title":"Czech Republic–Germany relations"},{"psg_id":"6475894","text":"Vodafone Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. is a Czech telecommunications company. It is among the largest Czech companies by revenue. It was established as Český Mobil (Czech Mobile) in 1999, when the government of Miloš Zeman granted it a free license to operate the third mobile GSM network. Its mobile network was called Oskar; the company itself was renamed in September 2004 to Oskar Mobil. In 2005 the international company Vodafone became the sole shareholder, which in November 2005, approved the most recent change in the company name. Czech Vodafone currently has over 3 million customers. The director is","title":"Vodafone Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"6475885","text":"Vodafone Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. is a Czech telecommunications company. It is among the largest Czech companies by revenue. It was established as Český Mobil (Czech Mobile) in 1999, when the government of Miloš Zeman granted it a free license to operate the third mobile GSM network. Its mobile network was called Oskar; the company itself was renamed in September 2004 to Oskar Mobil. In 2005 the international company Vodafone became the sole shareholder, which in November 2005, approved the most recent change in the company name. Czech Vodafone currently has over 3 million customers. The director is","title":"Vodafone Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"12535725","text":"The limitations on Czechs working in Germany expired in April 2011. Czech Republic–Germany border The Czech Republic–Germany border is the international border between the Czech Republic and Germany. It forms a arc extending from Austria at the south to Poland at the north. Several rivers cross this border, or form portions of it. These include: The border comes from the old border between German Empire and the Austrian Empire. In the period 1945-1990, the border formed part of the Iron curtain and was heavily fenced and strictly guarded. The Czech Republic joined the Schengen Area in 2007. This meant that","title":"Czech Republic–Germany border"},{"psg_id":"12535724","text":"Czech Republic–Germany border The Czech Republic–Germany border is the international border between the Czech Republic and Germany. It forms a arc extending from Austria at the south to Poland at the north. Several rivers cross this border, or form portions of it. These include: The border comes from the old border between German Empire and the Austrian Empire. In the period 1945-1990, the border formed part of the Iron curtain and was heavily fenced and strictly guarded. The Czech Republic joined the Schengen Area in 2007. This meant that all passport checks were removed along the border in December 2007.","title":"Czech Republic–Germany border"},{"psg_id":"6938431","text":"and Politics at the British Embassy in Prague, Giles Portman, showed a willingness to accept the name \"Czechia\". Portman said in 2000, \"Czechs still use the name \"Česká republika\" rather than \"Česko\", and the English equivalent, \"the Czech Republic\", rather than \"Czechia\". Were that pattern to change, we would have no problem at all with adapting accordingly. But we feel that the initiative for that change must come from the Czech side and not from us.\" In 2013, Czech president Miloš Zeman recommended the wider official use of \"Czechia\", and on 14 April 2016, the government agreed to make \"Czechia\"","title":"Name of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"63665","text":"Democrats (under Miloš Zeman, Vladimír Špidla, Stanislav Gross, Jiří Paroubek and Bohuslav Sobotka), or liberal-conservatives (under Václav Klaus, Mirek Topolánek and Petr Nečas) led the government of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic lies mostly between latitudes 48° and 51° N (a small area lies north of 51°), and longitudes 12° and 19° E. The Czech landscape is exceedingly varied. Bohemia, to the west, consists of a basin drained by the Elbe () and the Vltava rivers, surrounded by mostly low mountains, such as the Krkonoše range of the Sudetes. The highest point in the country, Sněžka at , is","title":"Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"8720057","text":"ministry in Prague does not see prostitution as a priority. \"Unfortunately, they are not devoting the kind of attention to it which I think they should.\" Opposition to the Czech government's plan to legalize prostitution came from a group of international human-rights activists representing diverse political and philosophical positions. 110 signatories for organizations representing millions of members sent a letter to Czech President Václav Klaus and other government officials, urging them to reconsider. We are writing to express our profound concern over the prospect that the Czech Republic may be planning to legalize prostitution ... We believe that such action","title":"Prostitution in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"20094821","text":"Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and the Kurdistan Region. The Czech Republic is represented in the Kurdistan Region through a consulate general in Erbil since 2006, while the Kurdistan region has no representation in the Czech Republic. Relations between the two are characterized by high level talks and cooperation against ISIS. Kurdish President Massoud Barzani visited the Czech Republic in 2015, meeting President Miloš Zeman and other senior government officials. In November 2015, Czech President Miloš Zeman said that he believes the Kurdistan Region will soon become independent. Prague recognized","title":"Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations"},{"psg_id":"9981210","text":"the responsibility for this falls to the Czech Power Company (ČEZ). The ČEZ does not believe reprocessing is economical, and stores spent fuel until the Radioactive Waste Repository Authority (RAWRA) assumes responsibility for it. The RAWRA will select a permanent location for storage by 2015 and construction will begin on this site after 2050. The Czech Republic and Austria have had disagreements concerning the Temelín Nuclear Power Station only 50 km from the Czech–Austrian border. Austria had threatened the Czech Republic with difficulties in joining the EU if the plant was commissioned. Other opponents to this power plant claimed that","title":"Nuclear power in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"19581983","text":"many Czech brands and companies. Czech companies work to establish themselves in the Indian market by offering high-quality products to local consumers. Czech companies are mainly emerging as investors in the fields of energy, finance, engineering and infrastructure. The following is a list of some important Czech companies that have invested in India: Many Indian companies, too, have established themselves in the Czech Republic due to the skilled Czech labour and comparatively low wages. The following is a list of some important Indian companies that have invested in Czech Republic: Tourism between India and Czech Republic has also been considerably","title":"Czech Republic–India relations"},{"psg_id":"7101118","text":"Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is Thun-Hohenstein Palace in Malá Strana, Prague. Officially, the full name of the chamber is: Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The members of the 200-seat house serve for four-year terms and are elected using the party-list proportional representation system. Since 2002, there are 14 constituencies matching the Czech regions and the D'Hondt method has been applied. The Government is primarily responsible to the Chamber","title":"Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"8720054","text":"source countries. The Crime Prevention Department continued awareness programs at schools. In addition to the Czech National Action Plan on trafficking adopted in 2003, the government in July 2004 adopted a plan to combat commercial sexual abuse of children. Prostitutes in the Czech Republic work in a legal grey area, neither explicitly legal nor illegal, which makes it tough for the state to control disease, the sex-slave trade and underage prostitution. The Czech government has attempted to legalize and regulate prostitution, but these efforts have failed. In 2005, the Czech government approved a law to license prostitutes and confine the","title":"Prostitution in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"11968419","text":"Czech Republic–Russia relations Czech Republic–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation. Unlike Russia, the Czech Republic is a member of Western institutions including the European Union, NATO and the OECD. Therefore, Russia–European Union relations and NATO–Russia relations are playing key role while the Czech Republic is a target of Russian attempts for espionage and propaganda. Following the Russian military intervention in Ukraine from 2014, the Czech Republic participates in economic sanctions against Russia. Ongoing tensions in the late 2010s have been described as the Cold War II. The Czech Republic is also","title":"Czech Republic–Russia relations"},{"psg_id":"13352438","text":"Copenhagen Airport celebrated a welcome to the first aircraft on the route from Prague to Copenhagen. The Czech flag hang on a pole in the airport. Danish exports amounted 4 million DKK, and imports amounted 4 million DKK in 2009. Danish investment in Czech Republic were 10 billion DKK. Danish companies have invested in the Czech Republic. The investments has strengthen the bilateral friendship between the Czech Republic and Denmark. Lego, A. P. Moller-Maersk Group and Bang & Olufsen are some of the Danish companies that have investments in Czech Republic. In 1994, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark visited Czech","title":"Czech Republic–Denmark relations"},{"psg_id":"13352457","text":"there are three universities that implemented Japanese studies courses; Charles University in Prague, Masaryk University in Brno and Palacky University in Olomouc. Czech Republic–Japan relations Czech Republic–Japan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Japan. They were established in 1919 by Czechoslovakia and Japan. The diplomatic relation between Czechoslovakia and Japan was established in 1919. Czech architect Antonin Raymond was the honorary consul for the First Czechoslovak Republic in Japan from 1926 until 1939, representing the government of T. G. Masaryk. The relations were broken off during World War II from 1939, and re-established in 1957. Japan's first","title":"Czech Republic–Japan relations"},{"psg_id":"10572676","text":"Buddhism in the Czech Republic With a rough estimate of fifty thousand Buddhists, Buddhism is practiced by around 0.5% of the Czech population. The World Buddhist Directory lists 70 Buddhist places in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese-speaking communities form the mainstay of the Buddhist population in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese practice mainly Mahayana Buddhism with some syncretism of ancestor worship, Confucianism and Taoism. They represent roughly from two thirds to three quarters of the Buddhist community alongside being the largest Asian community in the Czech Republic, numbering over 60,000. The remainder consists of a significant number of Czechs who","title":"Buddhism in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"19581986","text":"and the strengthening of the trade and investment relationship between the two countries. At the same time in Prague, a technical meeting of the eleventh session of the India-Czech Republic JEC was also held. During this, the Czech government shared that it considers India among the top twelve priority countries when it comes to the improvement of mutual economic, business and investment relationships. Furthermore, it was stated that many Czech companies would be interesting in cooperating with companies in India. Czech Republic–India relations Economic relations between India and Czech Republic date back to the Middle Ages. People in both countries","title":"Czech Republic–India relations"},{"psg_id":"10572678","text":"practitioners are mainly centered on the Nyingma and Kagyu schools. The Karma Kagyu tradition has established about 50 centers and meditation groups. The Diamond Way tradition of Vajrayana Buddhism, founded and directed by Ole Nydahl is active in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Buddhism in the Czech Republic With a rough estimate of fifty thousand Buddhists, Buddhism is practiced by around 0.5% of the Czech population. The World Buddhist Directory lists 70 Buddhist places in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese-speaking communities form the mainstay of the Buddhist population in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese practice mainly Mahayana Buddhism with","title":"Buddhism in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"5654785","text":"D1 motorway (Czech Republic) D1 motorway () is the main highway of the Czech Republic. Currently it connects the two biggest Czech cities, Prague and Brno, in the future it will link Ostrava and to the Czech–Polish border in Věřňovice (Karviná District) / Gorzyczki (Wodzisław County). It is long, but the planned length is . It is the busiest motorway in the Czech Republic, with maximum AADT 99,000 vehicles per day near Prague. The Munich Agreement in 1938 deprived the country of some fundamental road and rail routes. The government hurried works for the preparation of three major infrastructure projects","title":"D1 motorway (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"18850685","text":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic The Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TA CR) is a Czech government agency, founded in 2009 to enhance and encourage cooperation between research organizations supported by the state and the business sector. Within its programmes, projects of applied research, experimental development and innovations are elected and financed. The board of TA CR approves publication of public tenders in research and development and innovation, decides the conclusion of contracts on the support or a decision to grant of the support, then presents a draft statute and its amendments to the government for approval. The","title":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"17996711","text":"Czech Republic–Indonesia relations Czech Republic–Indonesia relations are foreign relations between the Czech Republic and Indonesia, officially established in 1950. Both nations has agreed to forge ties to deepen relations, especially in business and trade sector. Indonesia has an embassy in Prague, while Czech Republic has an embassy in Jakarta that also accredited to Brunei, Timor Leste, Singapore and ASEAN, and honorary consulates in Bali, Makassar and Surabaya. Although the official diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and Indonesia was commenced in 1950, the historic relations established earlier when the Czechoslovak government opened honorary consulates in Batavia (now Jakarta), Dutch East Indies back","title":"Czech Republic–Indonesia relations"},{"psg_id":"2502533","text":"clearly inconsistent with the continuation of the shared state, the party convinced voters that it did not rule out the existence of the federation. The Constitution of the Slovak Republic was enacted on 1 September 1992, and came into force on 1 October 1992, three months before the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The making of the Constitution of the Czech Republic also commenced soon after the election. Two committees were set up: a government committee, and a committee of the Presidium of the Czech National Council. The government committee was chaired by Václav Klaus; its other members were Jan Kalvoda, Cyril","title":"Constitution of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"2445780","text":"upon the former President's death. The official residence of the president of the Czech Republic is Prague Castle. However, the living quarters are small and not particularly comfortable, so recent presidents (Václav Havel and Václav Klaus) have chosen to live elsewhere. The last president to reside more or less full-time in the residence in the Prague Castle was Gustáv Husák. The president also maintains a summer residence at the castle in the village of Lány, 35 km west of Prague. There is one living former Czech President: President of the Czech Republic The President of the Czech Republic is the","title":"President of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"11968431","text":"Union, better healthcare in the Czech Republic, high levels of corruption in Russia and also political reasons. Russian immigrants have large proportion of business people in comparison with other immigrant groups. The Czech Republic is a popular destination for Russian tourists. In 2017, over 550,000 Russians visited the country. Czech Republic–Russia relations Czech Republic–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation. Unlike Russia, the Czech Republic is a member of Western institutions including the European Union, NATO and the OECD. Therefore, Russia–European Union relations and NATO–Russia relations are playing key role while the","title":"Czech Republic–Russia relations"},{"psg_id":"6495736","text":"professional opinion the Czech Republic will not adopt the euro before 2019. In December 2013, the Czech government approved a recommendation from the Czech National Bank and Ministry of Finance against setting a formal target date for euro adoption or joining ERM II in 2014. Miloš Zeman, who was elected President of the Czech Republic in early 2013, supports euro adoption by the Czech Republic, though he also advocates a referendum on the decision. Shortly after taking office in March 2013, Zeman suggested that the Czech Republic would not be ready for the switch for at least five years. Prime","title":"Czech Republic and the euro"},{"psg_id":"10726136","text":"2014, the Czech government approved of the sale of 28 sub-sonic L-159 military planes in a deal worth up to $25.8 million to the United States. As of February 2012, due to the escalating Syrian civil war, the U.S. Embassy in Syria closed down. After the Polish embassy also closed, the Czech Republic in its stead assumed protecting power responsibility for the United States. All U.S. citizens needing help are directed to go to the Embassy of The Czech Republic in Damascus. The US State Department's travel tips include \"The Government of the Czech Republic, acting through its Embassy in","title":"Czech Republic–United States relations"},{"psg_id":"7075538","text":"from 2006 to 2010. All have got face value 2 500 Kc. Bridges in the Czech Republic Issued from 2011. Last should be minted in 2015. All have got face value 5 000 Kc. Future releases Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic The Czech National Bank issues 200 / 500 Koruna (Kč) silver commemorative coins and golden commemorative coins of various denominations. The golden coins are issued in thematic sets – Bohemian crown set, Charles IV set, Ten centuries of architecture set, Industrial Heritage Sites set and Bridges in the Czech Republic set. In 2000 the special 2000 Kč silver","title":"Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"12299528","text":"used by the Police of the Czech Republic: Police of the Czech Republic Police of the Czech Republic (Czech: \"Policie České republiky\") is the national law enforcement agency of the Czech Republic. It was established on 15 July 1991 under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. The agency is tasked with protecting citizens, property and public order and as of 2015, there were around 40,500 employees. Czech state police cooperates with municipal police departments, which are present in local municipalities. The Police of the Czech Republic took over land management after the communist SNB in the Czech Republic","title":"Police of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"72307","text":"Cabinet of the Czech Republic is the supreme executive body in the Czech Republic. The Cabinet shall make its decisions as a body. The Cabinet shall consist of the Prime Minister and Ministers. Controls the state and the ministry. Publishes government decree. The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President of the Republic who shall appoint on the Prime Minister's proposal the other members of the Cabinet and shall entrust them with the direction of individual ministries or other agencies. Within thirty days after its appointment the Cabinet shall present itself to the Chamber of Deputies and shall ask","title":"Politics of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"11067355","text":"country with the Czech Republic as their destination. Mongolians in the Czech Republic Mongolians in the Czech Republic form one of the country's smaller ethnic groups. Workers from Mongolia comprised 3.6% of the foreign workforce , making them the third-largest non-European Union group behind Ukrainians and Vietnamese, and the fifth-largest group overall. By 2011 they had declined both in numbers and in relative size to other foreign populations, having been surpassed by Russians and Moldovans. In 2005, only 1,900 Mongolians lived in the Czech Republic, according to the local police; by 31 March 2006, that figure had grown slightly to","title":"Mongolians in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"14670264","text":"Republic government. Today, the Apostolic Church keeps close fellowship with the Apostolic Church (Slovakia) and both maintain a Bible school in Kolín, close to Prague. In 2008 there was nearly 3400 members in 110 communities, and the church polity is episcopal. Apostolic Church (Czech Republic) The Apostolic Church (in Czech: Apoštolská církev) is a Pentecostal denomination in Czech Republic. Pentecostalism came in 1910 to the present Czech and Slovak lands, and spread to Brno, Prague and other places and was registered as \"The Union of Resolved Pentecostal Christians\". The church passed through many difficulties under the Nazi occupation and during","title":"Apostolic Church (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"8720049","text":"sold themselves or been sold by others for acts of prostitution in Brno, the second largest city in the Czech Republic, where drug abuse among Roma teenagers is alarming prevalent. The Government of the Czech Republic fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. In 2004, the Czech Government strengthened its anti-trafficking legislation and turned its pilot victim assistance program into a nationwide government-funded program. While enforcement statistics improved during the reporting period, sentences imposed on traffickers remained low. The Czech police increased its capacity to investigate and convict traffickers over the reporting period, although the overall","title":"Prostitution in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"15666053","text":"lack of pro-active monitoring of the financing and states that an effective supervisory mechanism is missing. A survey of Transparency International in 2009 showed that fewer than 1 in 10 respondents find the anti-corruption efforts of their government effective. In 2010, 44% of people answered that the corruption increased. Crime in the Czech Republic Crime in the Czech Republic is combated by the Czech Police and other agencies. In 2012, the Czech Republic had a murder rate of 1.0 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 105 murders in the Czech Republic in 2012. Car thefts and break-ins are","title":"Crime in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"16778108","text":"of perpetrators. 2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings The 2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings occurred in September 2012 in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. In the course of several days, 38 people in the Czech Republic and 4 people in Poland died as a result of methanol poisoning and many others were taken to hospital. The poisonings continued for several years after the main wave. As of April 2014, there were 51 dead and many others suffered permanent health damage. The Czech government established a central emergency response council and banned the sale of liquors with more than 30% alcohol","title":"2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings"},{"psg_id":"16778105","text":"2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings The 2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings occurred in September 2012 in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. In the course of several days, 38 people in the Czech Republic and 4 people in Poland died as a result of methanol poisoning and many others were taken to hospital. The poisonings continued for several years after the main wave. As of April 2014, there were 51 dead and many others suffered permanent health damage. The Czech government established a central emergency response council and banned the sale of liquors with more than 30% alcohol by volume","title":"2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings"},{"psg_id":"17252505","text":"Music of the Czech Republic Music of the Czech Republic comprises the musical traditions of that state or the historical entities of which it is compound, i.e. the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia). Czech music also constitutes a substantial part of the music culture of its direct predecessor, Czechoslovakia. Music in this area has its roots in sacred music from more than a thousand years ago. The oldest recorded song from this territory is the hymn \"Hospodine, pomiluj ny\" (\"Lord, Have Mercy on Us\"), dating from the turn of the 11th century. Bohemian traditional music includes that of Chodsko","title":"Music of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"13352455","text":"Economic relations between Japan and the Czech Republic have been developing steadily with rapid growth of large-scale direct investment and trade of electrical machinery and mechanical components. In the year of 1968, when self-proclaimed \"brotherhood nations\" the Soviet Union and four communist states sent tanks to Prague, Japan sent a private enterprise there; that is to say, one of the largest Japanese general trading companies Mitsui & Co. started operating in the capital of the Czech Republic. A few years later the end of the Cold War, in 1993, Japan External Trade Organization, which was authorized as a government-related organization","title":"Czech Republic–Japan relations"},{"psg_id":"10986489","text":"in cross-country skiing, speed skating and ultimately popular ice hockey. In terms of medal count the most decorated Czech Olympian within the post-Czechoslovak period is cross-country skier Kateřina Neumannová (6 medals between 1998 and 2006). The National Olympic Committee for the Czech Republic is the Czech Olympic Committee, which was founded in 1899 and recognized in its current form by the International Olympic Committee in 1993. Czech Republic at the Olympics The Czech Republic first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994, and has competed in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.","title":"Czech Republic at the Olympics"},{"psg_id":"4954187","text":"Beer in the Czech Republic Beer () has a long history in what is now the Czech Republic, with brewing taking place in Břevnov Monastery in 993. The city of Brno had the right to brew beer from the 12th century while Plzeň and České Budějovice (Pilsen and Budweis in German), had breweries in the 13th century. The most common Czech beers are pale lagers of pilsner type, with characteristic transparent golden colour, high foaminess and lighter flavour. The Czech Republic has the highest beer consumption per capita in the world. The largest Czech beer breweries are Pilsner Urquell (Plzeňský","title":"Beer in the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"9049352","text":"formerly known as Expressway R10 () was officially redesignated as Motorway D10 on January 1, 2016. D10 motorway (Czech Republic) Motorway D10 () is an motorway in the Czech Republic, running northeast from Prague to Mladá Boleslav and Turnov. It forms part of the European Route European route E65. The sections from Prague have been built since the 1970s and at that time, it was planned to build the expressway to the Polish border, not only to Turnov. The expressway reached Turnov in 1990. In 1993, the government decided that the section Turnov - Polish border would not be constructed.","title":"D10 motorway (Czech Republic)"},{"psg_id":"13201722","text":"in Czech Republic, relations with Poland were ranked as the second best after Slovakia, out of 13 countries, with 92% of respondents viewing them as very good or rather good. Czech Republic–Poland relations Poland and the Czech Republic are both members of the European Union and NATO. Both joined the EU simultaneously on 1 May 2004. They also both joined NATO on 12 March 1999. Both countries form together with Slovakia and Hungary the Visegrad group, which is an important regional group in Central Europe. They share 796 km (495 mi) of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without","title":"Czech Republic–Poland relations"},{"psg_id":"15649542","text":"their powers. Although they lost to Team USA in the bronze medal game too, they presented themselves well and finished as the best European team. Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team is the national box lacrosse team of the Czech Republic which regularly participates in World Indoor Lacrosse Championship. Team consists of amateur players, who are members of Czech box lacrosse league NBLL. A few Canadian players from the National Lacrosse League with Czech ancestors are also members of this team. Box lacrosse is the most popular form of lacrosse in the Czech Republic,","title":"Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team"},{"psg_id":"15649540","text":"Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team is the national box lacrosse team of the Czech Republic which regularly participates in World Indoor Lacrosse Championship. Team consists of amateur players, who are members of Czech box lacrosse league NBLL. A few Canadian players from the National Lacrosse League with Czech ancestors are also members of this team. Box lacrosse is the most popular form of lacrosse in the Czech Republic, the team has had better results than in field lacrosse. Czechs took part in the first World Indoor Lacrosse Championship (WILC) ever, held in Canada","title":"Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team"},{"psg_id":"72347","text":"Pact military alliance. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic is completing a major reorganisation and reduction of the armed forces, which intensified after the Czech Republic joined NATO on 12 March 1999. As defined by the Czech Law No. 219/1999 Coll., the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic () are the military forces of the Czech Republic. They consist of the Army of the Czech Republic, the Military Office of President of the Republic and the Castle Guard. Military history of the Czech people dates back to the Middle Ages and the creation of Duchy of Bohemia and","title":"Army of the Czech Republic"},{"psg_id":"12980180","text":"to UNESCO. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tel Aviv and 3 honorary consulates (in Haifa, Jerusalem and Ramat Gan). Israel has an embassy in Prague. Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean. Czech Republic–Israel relations Relations between Israel and the Czech Republic, and its predecessor state Czechoslovakia, have varied widely over time. Initially warm, Czechoslovakia-Israel relations deteriorated, and the two countries did not have diplomatic relations during most of the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. However, after the Velvet Revolution and dissolution of Czechoslovakia the countries re-established contact, and the Czech Republic is now one","title":"Czech Republic–Israel relations"},{"psg_id":"19581973","text":"Czech Republic–India relations Economic relations between India and Czech Republic date back to the Middle Ages. People in both countries have always been interested in learning more about the history, language and culture of the other country. During the years after India’s independence, Czechoslovakia also played a role as a vital economic partner. Today, both India and Czech Republic have established close relations when it comes to trade, investment and tourism. Bohemia (now a land that is part of the Czech Republic) traded extensively with India for unique and valuable goods such as spices. These Indian spices were transported into","title":"Czech Republic–India relations"},{"psg_id":"19581978","text":"important agreements signed between India and Czech Republic: Both India and Czech Republic are equally interested in being educated about the history and culture of the other country. Czech people are passionate about yoga, Ayurveda and Indian religious texts. Many universities in the Czech Republic have a long history of offering education about Indian culture, languages, literature and history. Similarly, in the Delhi University in India, students can learn Czech language and history, and are increasingly eager to visit Czech Republic to explore the architecture, history and beauty. For many decades, Czechoslovakia was one of India’s main trading partners among","title":"Czech Republic–India relations"},{"psg_id":"13355173","text":"Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic The Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic is an institution guaranteeing high professional level of tax advisory services in the Czech Republic. The Chamber watches over proper performance of tax advisory services, regulates activities of tax advisers, creates preconditions for improvement of their qualification, offers its members a wide range of various services, protects and promotes their rightful interests and helps to form a suitable environment for tax advisers' work. The Chamber is an independent professional organization of tax advisers. Its existence is given by the \"Tax Advisory Services and","title":"Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11215766\",\n \"text\": \"Government of the Czech Republic The Government of the Czech Republic () exercises executive power in the Czech Republic. The members of the government are the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (Chairman of the Government), the deputy ministers and other ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The government is led by the Prime Minister, who selects all the remaining ministers. Government of the Czech Republic is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Czech Republic. The current Prime Minister\",\n \"title\": \"Government of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11215767\",\n \"text\": \"is Andrej Babiš. The current government, sworn in on June 27, 2018 is the 15th since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993. It has 17 members and a prime minister. The cabinet consists of the following members: Government of the Czech Republic The Government of the Czech Republic () exercises executive power in the Czech Republic. The members of the government are the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (Chairman of the Government), the deputy ministers and other ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The government is led by the Prime Minister, who\",\n \"title\": \"Government of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6938419\",\n \"text\": \"Name of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic's official formal and short names at the United Nations are and in Czech, and the Czech Republic and Czechia in English. All these names derive from the name of the Czechs, the West Slavic ethnic group native to the Czech lands. \\\"Czechia\\\" (), the official English short name specified by the Czech government, is used by many international organisations and attested as early as 1841. However, most English speakers use \\\"[the] Czech Republic\\\" in all contexts. Other languages generally have greater official use of a short form analogous to \\\"Česko\\\" or \\\"Czechia\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Name of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18813831\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the current Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka was held on Tuesday 26 May 2015. The vote was initiated because of opposition concerns about conflicts of interest on the part of Finance Minister Andrej Babiš. The vote of no confidence was called by the three opposition political parties - ODS, TOP 09 and Úsvit (\\\"Dawn\\\") on 21 May 2015 as step against Finance Minister of the Czech Republic Andrej Babiš. The vote of no confidence to the Government\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20484727\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek was held on 24 March 2009. It was the first time since dissolution of Czechoslovakia that Czech government lost vote of No Confidence. Vote was held during Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2009. 101 MPs voted for the motion of Noc Confidence. Some MPs of governing coalition voted for the motion. It includes Vlastimil Tlustý, Jan Schwippel, Věra Jakubková and Olga Zubová. Independent cabinet of Jan\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20484728\",\n \"text\": \"Fischer was appointed in May 2009. Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek was held on 24 March 2009. It was the first time since dissolution of Czechoslovakia that Czech government lost vote of No Confidence. Vote was held during Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2009. 101 MPs voted for the motion of Noc Confidence. Some MPs of governing coalition voted for the motion. It includes Vlastimil Tlustý, Jan Schwippel, Věra Jakubková and\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2009\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16165229\",\n \"text\": \"Croats in the Czech Republic Croats are one of the 12 recognized minorities in the Czech Republic. They number 850 – 2,000. They have the right to use the Croatian language in communication with Czech authorities and government according to the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms of the Czech Republic. They form a portion of the 29% minority in the Czech Republic. They live primarily in Moravia, in the villages of Jevišovka (Frielištof), Dobré Pole (Dobro Polje) and Nový Přerov (Nova Prerava). The ancestors of the Croats in the Czech Republic arrived in the 1500s from central Croatia,\",\n \"title\": \"Croats in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2502563\",\n \"text\": \"placing it within the three powers, the bank was given its own chapter. The constitution provides the basis for local government, by dividing the territory of the republic into self-governing territorial districts, and regions (Articles 99–105). The document concludes by weighing in on a number of so-called 'interim' issues which mainly applied to the Republic in its first year of existence. Chiefly, it specifically delineates what officers or laws of the former Czech government as a constituent part of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic remained in force until the Czech Republic produced new officeholders or laws under the provisions found elsewhere\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18813832\",\n \"text\": \"was unsuccessful as only 47 legislators supported no confidence when 101 were needed. 105 Members of Parliament voted against no confidence and 32 MP's abstained. 16 legislators did not attend the meeting of the Chamber of Deputies. Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the current Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka was held on Tuesday 26 May 2015. The vote was initiated because of opposition concerns about conflicts of interest on the part of Finance Minister Andrej Babiš. The vote of no confidence was\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72301\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, in which the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Czech Republic which reports to the lower house of Parliament. The Legislature is bicameral, with the Chamber of Deputies (\\\"Poslanecká sněmovna\\\") consisting of 200 members and the Senate (\\\"Senát\\\") consisting of 81 members. Both houses together make up the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The political system of the Czech Republic is a multi-party system. Since 1993, the two\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15383053\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic, which was opened in January 2008, is in the capital Prague. Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech-Macedonian relations refers to the bilateral political relations between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Macedonia. Republic of Macedonia has an embassy in Prague, whilst the Czech Republic has a consular agency in Skopje. Bilateral relations are excellent and besides the fact that Macedonia became an independent country only in 1991, Czech-Macedonian relations have a long tradition. Before 1991, much of the relations occurred in the context between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Between the two world wars, from 1924 to 1938, the\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"63707\",\n \"text\": \"almost 1% in 2007. About 77,000 people immigrate to the Czech Republic annually. Vietnamese immigrants began settling in the Czech Republic during the Communist period, when they were invited as guest workers by the Czechoslovak government. In 2009, there were about 70,000 Vietnamese in the Czech Republic. Most decide to stay in the country permanently. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the city with the third largest Czech population, after Prague and Vienna. According to the 2010 US census, there are 1,533,826 Americans of full or partial Czech descent. The Czech Republic has one of the least\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15383049\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech-Macedonian relations refers to the bilateral political relations between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Macedonia. Republic of Macedonia has an embassy in Prague, whilst the Czech Republic has a consular agency in Skopje. Bilateral relations are excellent and besides the fact that Macedonia became an independent country only in 1991, Czech-Macedonian relations have a long tradition. Before 1991, much of the relations occurred in the context between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Between the two world wars, from 1924 to 1938, the Czechoslovak Republic had a consulate in Skopje, which in that period was (as\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14707045\",\n \"text\": \"1 January 1993, the Chinese government extended diplomatic relations. At the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, government officials from both sides signed and exchanged notes recognizing the treaties and agreements signed between China and the former Czechoslovakia Federal Republic continues to be upheld and binding. The bilateral relationship sunk to a low in 1995 as the Czech Republic allowed Lien Chan and other Taiwanese government officials to have a state visit in their country. The Czech Republic also openly supported Two-Chinas and Taiwan's re-entry in the United Nations. In early 1996, relationship between the two countries improved as the Czech\",\n \"title\": \"China–Czech Republic relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15383052\",\n \"text\": \"two countries shows a positive trend. Many companies from the Czech Republic have so far invested in Macedonia. Other spheres of good cooperation between the two states are tourism and education. The Czech Republic is also a country that recognizes Macedonia under its constitutional name \\\"Republic of Macedonia\\\" and supports it in the name row with Greece. The Czech Republic therefore is one of 131 states in total, which have also recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name. The embassy of the Czech Republic in Macedonia was opened in September 2006 and is located in Skopje. The Macedonian embassy in the\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72312\",\n \"text\": \"Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie) (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, Visegrád group, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, Zangger Committee Government Politics of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, in which the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Czech Republic which reports to the lower house of Parliament. The Legislature is\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12219251\",\n \"text\": \"and Television Broadcasting Council in 2001 blocked their requests to expand the TV3 service across the Czech Republic via analogue terrestrial television. In June 2001, Vladimír Železný, a Czech television tycoon and former owner of TV Nova, held discussions with the three main commercial channels in the Czech Republic, TV Nova, TV Prima and TV3 about the suggestion of a merger. However, such a deal would have been considered illegal by the Czech Government. In September 2001, the Czech Radio and Television Broadcasting Council refused a request from European Media Ventures and Martin Kindernay to transfer TV3's licence to a\",\n \"title\": \"TV3 (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18850692\",\n \"text\": \"could make a substantial contribution to the growth of competitiveness of the Czech Republic. This programme supports the creation and operation of RD&I centres that are innovative, competitive, sustainable, have a market potential and centralize the research and application capacities of the public and private sectors. According to its statute, one of TA CR's main activities is the development of international collaboration in applied RD&I and collaboration with similar agencies abroad, including: Technology Agency of the Czech Republic The Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TA CR) is a Czech government agency, founded in 2009 to enhance and encourage cooperation\",\n \"title\": \"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15383051\",\n \"text\": \"1968, when the Warsaw Pact invaded Czechoslovakia, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (at that time a republic within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) supported Czechoslovakia. A lot of manifestations were held throughout Macedonia in order to support Czechoslovakia and to protest against what was happening. The Czech Republic offers continuous support to the Republic of Macedonia considering the country's accession to the European Union and NATO, which is among the top strategic priorities of Macedonia. The cooperation in the field of economy between Macedonia and the Czech Republic is good and improving. The level of trade exchange between the\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12429912\",\n \"text\": \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (MZVČR, MFACR) (Czech: \\\"Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky\\\") is a Czech government ministry responsible for international relations of the Czech Republic. The Ministry is headquartered in Černín Palace, Loretánské náměstí 5, 118, Prague 1, (Hradčany). The Ministry operates the diplomatic missions of the Czech Republic abroad and is responsible for implementing the foreign policy of the Czech Republic and Czech diplomacy efforts. The Ministry is led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who is nominated by the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. The current\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16988994\",\n \"text\": \"Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Justice of the Czech Republic () is a government ministry of the Czech Republic. The powers of the Ministry of Justice as defined by Section 11 of Act No. 2/1696 Coll. on Creation of Ministries and Other Central Authorities are: It is a central authority of the state administration for courts of law and the Public Prosecutor’s Office. It gives legal opinion on credit and guarantee agreements, whose party is the Czech Republic. It acts as a central authority of the state administration for prisons; the Prison Service of the Czech Republic\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12429913\",\n \"text\": \"Minister of Foreign Affairs is Tomáš Petříček, in office since 16 October 2018. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (MZVČR, MFACR) (Czech: \\\"Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky\\\") is a Czech government ministry responsible for international relations of the Czech Republic. The Ministry is headquartered in Černín Palace, Loretánské náměstí 5, 118, Prague 1, (Hradčany). The Ministry operates the diplomatic missions of the Czech Republic abroad and is responsible for implementing the foreign policy of the Czech Republic and Czech diplomacy efforts. The Ministry is led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs,\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72330\",\n \"text\": \"Kalousek formed state budget with projection of 5% GDP increase in 2009. In 2009 and 2010, Czech Republic suffered strong economical crisis and GDP decreased by 4,5%. From 2009 to 2012, Czech Republic suffered highest state budget deficits in history of independent Czech Republic. From 2008 to 2012, the public debt of Czech Republic increased by 18,9%. Most decrease of industrial output was in construction industry (-25% in 2009, -15,5% in 2013). From 4Q 2009 to 1Q 2013, GDP decreased by 7,8%. In 2012, Czech government increased VAT. Basic VAT was increased from 20% in 2012 to 21% in 2013\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72329\",\n \"text\": \"4.3%, a relatively modest decrease. The impact of the economic crisis may have been limited by the existence of the national currency that temporarily weakened in H1 of 2009, simplifying the life of the exporters. From the financial crisis of 2007–2010, Czech Republic is in stagnation or decreasing of GDP. Some commenters and economists criticising fiscally conservative policy of Petr Nečas' right-wing government, especially criticising ex-minister of finance, Miroslav Kalousek. Miroslav Kalousek in a 2008 interview, as minister of finance in the center-right government of Mirek Topolánek, said \\\"Czech Republic will not suffer by financial crisis\\\". In September 2008, Miroslav\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16988995\",\n \"text\": \"is its subsidiary. It acts as a central authority of the state administration for probation and mediation. It represents the Czech Republic claims for breaching the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and coordinates the execution of the decisions of the relevant international bodies. As part of the independent Republic Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic) The Ministry of Justice of the Czech Republic () is a government ministry of the Czech Republic. The powers of the Ministry of Justice as defined by Section 11\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of Justice (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2445758\",\n \"text\": \"The residence is located at Gogolova 212/1 in the Hradčany district of Prague. The building was built from 1911 to 1914. It was designed by the Viennese architect Friedrich Ohmann. Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The Chairman of the Government of the Czech Republic (Czech: \\\"Předseda vlády České republiky\\\", normally referred to in English as the Prime Minister), is the head of the Government of the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, who are government ministries heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Chamber of Deputies. The\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2445755\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The Chairman of the Government of the Czech Republic (Czech: \\\"Předseda vlády České republiky\\\", normally referred to in English as the Prime Minister), is the head of the Government of the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, who are government ministries heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Chamber of Deputies. The current Prime Minister, Andrej Babiš, leader of the ANO 2011, was appointed by the President on 6 December 2017, and serves as 12th person in the office. The Prime Minister\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15382239\",\n \"text\": \"and social affairs, the head of the Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, and the directors of the intelligence services of the Czech Republic. The secretariat in this committee is tasked with preparing expert conceptual documents. Intelligence System of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic Intelligence System (IS) is responsible for the collection, analysis, reporting and dissemination of intelligence on threats to the Czech Republic, both foreign and domestic. It is also responsible for collecting intelligence on foreign nations, organisations, person and groups. The IS is vital towards the protection and promotion of the Czech Republic and its\",\n \"title\": \"Intelligence System of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15996515\",\n \"text\": \"France, the dead mixed doubles rubbers were not played. Czechoslovakia at the Hopman Cup Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup The Czech Republic is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on ten occasions, first competing at the 5th Hopman Cup in 1993. They have won the title on two occasions: in 1994 and in 2012. Before its dissolution, the Czech Republic used to form part of Czechoslovakia which competed at the first four Hopman Cups, from 1989 until 1992. This is a list of players who have played for the Czech Republic in the Hopman Cup.\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15996514\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup The Czech Republic is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on ten occasions, first competing at the 5th Hopman Cup in 1993. They have won the title on two occasions: in 1994 and in 2012. Before its dissolution, the Czech Republic used to form part of Czechoslovakia which competed at the first four Hopman Cups, from 1989 until 1992. This is a list of players who have played for the Czech Republic in the Hopman Cup. In 2012, in the round robin tie against Denmark and in the final against\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic at the Hopman Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7097892\",\n \"text\": \"Senate of the Czech Republic The Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (), usually referred to as Senate, is the upper chamber of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Senate is Wallenstein Palace in Prague. The Senate has 81 members, elected for six years, every two years one third of them, in one-seat constituencies through two rounds majority system (the second round is between two candidates with highest number of votes from the first round – if no candidate obtains 50+% majority in the first round). A candidate for the Senate does not need\",\n \"title\": \"Senate of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72334\",\n \"text\": \"European Union and it is bound to adopt the Euro currency in the future. The Czech Republic also receives €24.2bn between 2014–20 from European Structural and Investment Funds, however, this sum does not outweigh the amount of capital outflow of profits of foreign owned firms from the Czech Republic into other EU members. As of 2016, the Czech Republic has the second lowest poverty rate of OECD members only behind Denmark. Most electricity is produced by coal (51.4%, 2015) and nuclear (32%, 2015) power plants; renewable power plants account for 11.2% (in 2015). The government's 2015 energy policy designates nuclear\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7097894\",\n \"text\": \"in a repeated vote. The Senate, however, cannot be overridden when it votes on electoral law, constitutional law and on international treaties. Senate decides on confirmation of judges of the Constitutional Court, proposed by the President. It often uses this power to block unacceptable nominants and may propose new laws. However, the Senate does not get to vote on the country's budget or on confidence in the government, unlike the Chamber of Deputies. The President of the Senate is the second-highest official of the Czech Republic for ceremonial purposes, after the President of the Republic, but without much real political\",\n \"title\": \"Senate of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9049351\",\n \"text\": \"D10 motorway (Czech Republic) Motorway D10 () is an motorway in the Czech Republic, running northeast from Prague to Mladá Boleslav and Turnov. It forms part of the European Route European route E65. The sections from Prague have been built since the 1970s and at that time, it was planned to build the expressway to the Polish border, not only to Turnov. The expressway reached Turnov in 1990. In 1993, the government decided that the section Turnov - Polish border would not be constructed. Thus, it is considered to be the first completed expressway in the Czech Republic. The motorway,\",\n \"title\": \"D10 motorway (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"63672\",\n \"text\": \"(days with more than 10 mm per day) are more frequent in the months of May to August (average around two such days per month). The Czech Republic ranks as the 27th most environmentally conscious country in the world in Environmental Performance Index. The Czech Republic has four National Parks (Šumava National Park, Krkonoše National Park, České Švýcarsko National Park, Podyjí National Park) and 25 Protected Landscape Areas. The Czech Republic is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, with the President as head of state and Prime Minister as head of government. The Parliament (\\\"Parlament České republiky\\\") is bicameral, with\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18547006\",\n \"text\": \"tourists visit Kenya annually. The first ever chartered flight from Prague to Kenya was inaugurated in 2006. The Government of the Czech Republic offers two scholarships to Kenyans annually, about 30 Kenyans study in the Czech Republic. Approximately 50 Kenyans live in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic has also in the past offered assistance in environmental protection and drought mitigation. Kenya is one of the most important trade partners for the Czech Republic in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2006, bilateral trade was worth KES. 638.2 million (EUR. 6.2 million). The Czech Republic exported goods worth KES. 446.1 million (EUR. 4.35\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Kenya relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13302860\",\n \"text\": \"support of EU enlargement to all six Balkan countries at the forthcoming EU summit, on the initiative of Prime Minister Andrej Babis. The Czech Republic currently has 411 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force. Notes: References: Czech Republic–Kosovo relations Czech–Kosovan relations are foreign relations between the Czech Republic and Kosovo. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Czech Republic recognized it on 21 May 2008. The Czech Republic opened an embassy in Pristina on 16 July 2008. When Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, the Czech government\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Kosovo relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18547005\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Kenya relations Czech Republic–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Czech Republic and Kenya. Kenya and the Czech Republic maintain cordial relations. The First Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Czech Republic visited Kenya in 2011. In 2006, the Czech Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade visited Kenya. A 14-member parliamentary team visited and attended an inter-parliamentary meeting in Nairobi. The Kenyan tourism minister visited the Czech Republic in 2006. Kenya and the Czech Republic have signed agreements in: Both countries have identified key areas in development such as commerce, trade, tourism, education and culture. Approximately, 10,000 Czech\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Kenya relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12637357\",\n \"text\": \"influence in Austrian politics, economy and the arts had their roots in what is now the Czech Republic. During the First World War, while nearly 1.5 million Czechs fought in the Austro-Hungarian army, exiled Czech politicians backed by the military legions worked on the regaining of the independence of Bohemia in the form of Czech-Slovak union. The Entente powers supported their plans, which did not provide any autonomy or other special treatment for the Germans in the new country. After the end of the empire in October and November, 1918, German Austria and Czechoslovakia shortly quarreled on the issue of\",\n \"title\": \"Austria–Czech Republic relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13302849\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Kosovo relations Czech–Kosovan relations are foreign relations between the Czech Republic and Kosovo. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Czech Republic recognized it on 21 May 2008. The Czech Republic opened an embassy in Pristina on 16 July 2008. When Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, the Czech government initially declared that they would not immediately recognise Kosovo as an independent state, instead the Czech Republic would wait for the European Union to come up with a common stance towards the declaration. It became clear shortly afterwards that the EU would\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Kosovo relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11651705\",\n \"text\": \"Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic () is a specialized type of court which primarily works to protect the people in the Czech Republic against violations of the Constitution by either the legislature, government or by any other subject that violates people's constitutional rights and freedoms. In this respect, it is similar in functionality to the US Supreme Court, but is distinct from the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic. Of all the various levels of the Czech Judiciary it is the one created with the greatest specificity in the constitution. The decisions\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17180476\",\n \"text\": \"Cultural monument (Czech Republic) The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: \\\"kulturní památka\\\") are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: \\\"národní kulturní památka\\\") by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The criteria for declaring an object a cultural monument, as well as the rules of their protection and management are defined in Act 20/1987 Coll., on State Heritage Preservation. The criteria include objects that are\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural monument (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6495730\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic and the euro The Czech Republic is bound to adopt the euro in the future and to join the eurozone once it has satisfied the euro convergence criteria by the Treaty of Accession since it joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. The Czech Republic is therefore a candidate for the enlargement of the eurozone and it uses the Czech koruna as its currency, regulated by the Czech National Bank, a member of the European System of Central Banks, and does not participate in European Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II). Although the Czech Republic is economically well\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic and the euro\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8600389\",\n \"text\": \"like carrots, peas, and cabbage. They also really enjoy their sweets such as fruit dumplings, buchty (buns filled with jam or chocolate/pudding), koláče (small poppy seed cakes), and apple strudel. Music is the most popular form of art in the Czech Republic and there is even a saying, \\\"Co Čech, to muzikant\\\", which means something like \\\"Every Czech is a musician\\\". The Czech Republic is known worldwide for their outstanding art glass and crystal. Each piece is individually made, mouth blown and decorated. Art glass collectors value glass made by master Czech glass blowers in the Bohemian region of the\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20094826\",\n \"text\": \"the Iraq-Iran war, and the Czech Republic's participation in sanctions against Iraq from 1990 to 2003, the Czech Republic focused primarily on the reconstruction of Iraq, but in 2006 a liaison office was opened in Erbil and cultural exhibitions have been held in the Kurdistan Region in this period. In 2015, a Czech-Kurdish Chamber of Commerce was founded with the aim of promoting development and growth between Czech companies in the Kurdistan Region and vice versa. In March 2017, the Czech government announced that they would invest in the Kurdish agriculture sector. The Czech Republic has been aiding Kurdish military\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"63674\",\n \"text\": \"prime minister. From 1993 until 2012, the President of the Czech Republic was selected by a joint session of the parliament for a five-year term, with no more than two consecutive terms (2x Václav Havel, 2x Václav Klaus). Since 2013 the presidential election is direct. Miloš Zeman was the first directly elected Czech President. The Government of the Czech Republic's exercise of executive power derives from the Constitution. The members of the government are the Prime Minister, Deputy ministers and other ministers. The Government is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies. The Prime Minister is the head of government and\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72303\",\n \"text\": \"to form a functioning government together due to Vladimír Špidla's strong anticommunism. The results produced a ČSSD coalition government with Christian Democrats (KDU-ČSL) and Liberals (US-DEU), while Civic Democrats (ODS) and Communists (KSČM) took place in opposition. The MP ratio was the tiniest 101:99. After many buffetings and, finally, after the catastrophic results of the June European Parliament election, 2004 Špidla resigned after a revolt in his own party and the government was reshuffled on the same basis. As the system in the Czech Republic repeatedly produces very weak governments (a specific problem is that about 15% of the electorate\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13352452\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Japan relations Czech Republic–Japan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Japan. They were established in 1919 by Czechoslovakia and Japan. The diplomatic relation between Czechoslovakia and Japan was established in 1919. Czech architect Antonin Raymond was the honorary consul for the First Czechoslovak Republic in Japan from 1926 until 1939, representing the government of T. G. Masaryk. The relations were broken off during World War II from 1939, and re-established in 1957. Japan's first Minister Plenipotentiary to Czechoslovakia was Harukazu Nagaoka. After the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Japan recognized the foundation of the Czech Republic\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Japan relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12511446\",\n \"text\": \"estimated 2.4 million ethnic Germans were deported to East and West Germany, of whom several thousand perished in the population movement. There have been calls within Germany for the compensation of the refugees, which the Czech government has refused to entertain, citing the German occupation, wartime injustices, the German minority's support for the Nazi party, genocidal plans by the German government, and atrocities such as the Lidice Massacre. After the end of the Cold War, relations warmed between the newly-reunified Federal Republic of Germany and the newly-democratic Czech Republic. On February 27, 1992, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Czechoslovak President\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Germany relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6475894\",\n \"text\": \"Vodafone Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. is a Czech telecommunications company. It is among the largest Czech companies by revenue. It was established as Český Mobil (Czech Mobile) in 1999, when the government of Miloš Zeman granted it a free license to operate the third mobile GSM network. Its mobile network was called Oskar; the company itself was renamed in September 2004 to Oskar Mobil. In 2005 the international company Vodafone became the sole shareholder, which in November 2005, approved the most recent change in the company name. Czech Vodafone currently has over 3 million customers. The director is\",\n \"title\": \"Vodafone Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6475885\",\n \"text\": \"Vodafone Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. is a Czech telecommunications company. It is among the largest Czech companies by revenue. It was established as Český Mobil (Czech Mobile) in 1999, when the government of Miloš Zeman granted it a free license to operate the third mobile GSM network. Its mobile network was called Oskar; the company itself was renamed in September 2004 to Oskar Mobil. In 2005 the international company Vodafone became the sole shareholder, which in November 2005, approved the most recent change in the company name. Czech Vodafone currently has over 3 million customers. The director is\",\n \"title\": \"Vodafone Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12535725\",\n \"text\": \"The limitations on Czechs working in Germany expired in April 2011. Czech Republic–Germany border The Czech Republic–Germany border is the international border between the Czech Republic and Germany. It forms a arc extending from Austria at the south to Poland at the north. Several rivers cross this border, or form portions of it. These include: The border comes from the old border between German Empire and the Austrian Empire. In the period 1945-1990, the border formed part of the Iron curtain and was heavily fenced and strictly guarded. The Czech Republic joined the Schengen Area in 2007. This meant that\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Germany border\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12535724\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Germany border The Czech Republic–Germany border is the international border between the Czech Republic and Germany. It forms a arc extending from Austria at the south to Poland at the north. Several rivers cross this border, or form portions of it. These include: The border comes from the old border between German Empire and the Austrian Empire. In the period 1945-1990, the border formed part of the Iron curtain and was heavily fenced and strictly guarded. The Czech Republic joined the Schengen Area in 2007. This meant that all passport checks were removed along the border in December 2007.\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Germany border\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6938431\",\n \"text\": \"and Politics at the British Embassy in Prague, Giles Portman, showed a willingness to accept the name \\\"Czechia\\\". Portman said in 2000, \\\"Czechs still use the name \\\"Česká republika\\\" rather than \\\"Česko\\\", and the English equivalent, \\\"the Czech Republic\\\", rather than \\\"Czechia\\\". Were that pattern to change, we would have no problem at all with adapting accordingly. But we feel that the initiative for that change must come from the Czech side and not from us.\\\" In 2013, Czech president Miloš Zeman recommended the wider official use of \\\"Czechia\\\", and on 14 April 2016, the government agreed to make \\\"Czechia\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Name of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"63665\",\n \"text\": \"Democrats (under Miloš Zeman, Vladimír Špidla, Stanislav Gross, Jiří Paroubek and Bohuslav Sobotka), or liberal-conservatives (under Václav Klaus, Mirek Topolánek and Petr Nečas) led the government of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic lies mostly between latitudes 48° and 51° N (a small area lies north of 51°), and longitudes 12° and 19° E. The Czech landscape is exceedingly varied. Bohemia, to the west, consists of a basin drained by the Elbe () and the Vltava rivers, surrounded by mostly low mountains, such as the Krkonoše range of the Sudetes. The highest point in the country, Sněžka at , is\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8720057\",\n \"text\": \"ministry in Prague does not see prostitution as a priority. \\\"Unfortunately, they are not devoting the kind of attention to it which I think they should.\\\" Opposition to the Czech government's plan to legalize prostitution came from a group of international human-rights activists representing diverse political and philosophical positions. 110 signatories for organizations representing millions of members sent a letter to Czech President Václav Klaus and other government officials, urging them to reconsider. We are writing to express our profound concern over the prospect that the Czech Republic may be planning to legalize prostitution ... We believe that such action\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20094821\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and the Kurdistan Region. The Czech Republic is represented in the Kurdistan Region through a consulate general in Erbil since 2006, while the Kurdistan region has no representation in the Czech Republic. Relations between the two are characterized by high level talks and cooperation against ISIS. Kurdish President Massoud Barzani visited the Czech Republic in 2015, meeting President Miloš Zeman and other senior government officials. In November 2015, Czech President Miloš Zeman said that he believes the Kurdistan Region will soon become independent. Prague recognized\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9981210\",\n \"text\": \"the responsibility for this falls to the Czech Power Company (ČEZ). The ČEZ does not believe reprocessing is economical, and stores spent fuel until the Radioactive Waste Repository Authority (RAWRA) assumes responsibility for it. The RAWRA will select a permanent location for storage by 2015 and construction will begin on this site after 2050. The Czech Republic and Austria have had disagreements concerning the Temelín Nuclear Power Station only 50 km from the Czech–Austrian border. Austria had threatened the Czech Republic with difficulties in joining the EU if the plant was commissioned. Other opponents to this power plant claimed that\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19581983\",\n \"text\": \"many Czech brands and companies. Czech companies work to establish themselves in the Indian market by offering high-quality products to local consumers. Czech companies are mainly emerging as investors in the fields of energy, finance, engineering and infrastructure. The following is a list of some important Czech companies that have invested in India: Many Indian companies, too, have established themselves in the Czech Republic due to the skilled Czech labour and comparatively low wages. The following is a list of some important Indian companies that have invested in Czech Republic: Tourism between India and Czech Republic has also been considerably\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–India relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7101118\",\n \"text\": \"Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is Thun-Hohenstein Palace in Malá Strana, Prague. Officially, the full name of the chamber is: Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The members of the 200-seat house serve for four-year terms and are elected using the party-list proportional representation system. Since 2002, there are 14 constituencies matching the Czech regions and the D'Hondt method has been applied. The Government is primarily responsible to the Chamber\",\n \"title\": \"Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8720054\",\n \"text\": \"source countries. The Crime Prevention Department continued awareness programs at schools. In addition to the Czech National Action Plan on trafficking adopted in 2003, the government in July 2004 adopted a plan to combat commercial sexual abuse of children. Prostitutes in the Czech Republic work in a legal grey area, neither explicitly legal nor illegal, which makes it tough for the state to control disease, the sex-slave trade and underage prostitution. The Czech government has attempted to legalize and regulate prostitution, but these efforts have failed. In 2005, the Czech government approved a law to license prostitutes and confine the\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11968419\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Russia relations Czech Republic–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation. Unlike Russia, the Czech Republic is a member of Western institutions including the European Union, NATO and the OECD. Therefore, Russia–European Union relations and NATO–Russia relations are playing key role while the Czech Republic is a target of Russian attempts for espionage and propaganda. Following the Russian military intervention in Ukraine from 2014, the Czech Republic participates in economic sanctions against Russia. Ongoing tensions in the late 2010s have been described as the Cold War II. The Czech Republic is also\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Russia relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13352438\",\n \"text\": \"Copenhagen Airport celebrated a welcome to the first aircraft on the route from Prague to Copenhagen. The Czech flag hang on a pole in the airport. Danish exports amounted 4 million DKK, and imports amounted 4 million DKK in 2009. Danish investment in Czech Republic were 10 billion DKK. Danish companies have invested in the Czech Republic. The investments has strengthen the bilateral friendship between the Czech Republic and Denmark. Lego, A. P. Moller-Maersk Group and Bang & Olufsen are some of the Danish companies that have investments in Czech Republic. In 1994, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark visited Czech\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Denmark relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13352457\",\n \"text\": \"there are three universities that implemented Japanese studies courses; Charles University in Prague, Masaryk University in Brno and Palacky University in Olomouc. Czech Republic–Japan relations Czech Republic–Japan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Japan. They were established in 1919 by Czechoslovakia and Japan. The diplomatic relation between Czechoslovakia and Japan was established in 1919. Czech architect Antonin Raymond was the honorary consul for the First Czechoslovak Republic in Japan from 1926 until 1939, representing the government of T. G. Masaryk. The relations were broken off during World War II from 1939, and re-established in 1957. Japan's first\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Japan relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10572676\",\n \"text\": \"Buddhism in the Czech Republic With a rough estimate of fifty thousand Buddhists, Buddhism is practiced by around 0.5% of the Czech population. The World Buddhist Directory lists 70 Buddhist places in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese-speaking communities form the mainstay of the Buddhist population in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese practice mainly Mahayana Buddhism with some syncretism of ancestor worship, Confucianism and Taoism. They represent roughly from two thirds to three quarters of the Buddhist community alongside being the largest Asian community in the Czech Republic, numbering over 60,000. The remainder consists of a significant number of Czechs who\",\n \"title\": \"Buddhism in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19581986\",\n \"text\": \"and the strengthening of the trade and investment relationship between the two countries. At the same time in Prague, a technical meeting of the eleventh session of the India-Czech Republic JEC was also held. During this, the Czech government shared that it considers India among the top twelve priority countries when it comes to the improvement of mutual economic, business and investment relationships. Furthermore, it was stated that many Czech companies would be interesting in cooperating with companies in India. Czech Republic–India relations Economic relations between India and Czech Republic date back to the Middle Ages. People in both countries\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–India relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10572678\",\n \"text\": \"practitioners are mainly centered on the Nyingma and Kagyu schools. The Karma Kagyu tradition has established about 50 centers and meditation groups. The Diamond Way tradition of Vajrayana Buddhism, founded and directed by Ole Nydahl is active in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Buddhism in the Czech Republic With a rough estimate of fifty thousand Buddhists, Buddhism is practiced by around 0.5% of the Czech population. The World Buddhist Directory lists 70 Buddhist places in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese-speaking communities form the mainstay of the Buddhist population in the Czech Republic. The Vietnamese practice mainly Mahayana Buddhism with\",\n \"title\": \"Buddhism in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5654785\",\n \"text\": \"D1 motorway (Czech Republic) D1 motorway () is the main highway of the Czech Republic. Currently it connects the two biggest Czech cities, Prague and Brno, in the future it will link Ostrava and to the Czech–Polish border in Věřňovice (Karviná District) / Gorzyczki (Wodzisław County). It is long, but the planned length is . It is the busiest motorway in the Czech Republic, with maximum AADT 99,000 vehicles per day near Prague. The Munich Agreement in 1938 deprived the country of some fundamental road and rail routes. The government hurried works for the preparation of three major infrastructure projects\",\n \"title\": \"D1 motorway (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18850685\",\n \"text\": \"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic The Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TA CR) is a Czech government agency, founded in 2009 to enhance and encourage cooperation between research organizations supported by the state and the business sector. Within its programmes, projects of applied research, experimental development and innovations are elected and financed. The board of TA CR approves publication of public tenders in research and development and innovation, decides the conclusion of contracts on the support or a decision to grant of the support, then presents a draft statute and its amendments to the government for approval. The\",\n \"title\": \"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17996711\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–Indonesia relations Czech Republic–Indonesia relations are foreign relations between the Czech Republic and Indonesia, officially established in 1950. Both nations has agreed to forge ties to deepen relations, especially in business and trade sector. Indonesia has an embassy in Prague, while Czech Republic has an embassy in Jakarta that also accredited to Brunei, Timor Leste, Singapore and ASEAN, and honorary consulates in Bali, Makassar and Surabaya. Although the official diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and Indonesia was commenced in 1950, the historic relations established earlier when the Czechoslovak government opened honorary consulates in Batavia (now Jakarta), Dutch East Indies back\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Indonesia relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2502533\",\n \"text\": \"clearly inconsistent with the continuation of the shared state, the party convinced voters that it did not rule out the existence of the federation. The Constitution of the Slovak Republic was enacted on 1 September 1992, and came into force on 1 October 1992, three months before the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The making of the Constitution of the Czech Republic also commenced soon after the election. Two committees were set up: a government committee, and a committee of the Presidium of the Czech National Council. The government committee was chaired by Václav Klaus; its other members were Jan Kalvoda, Cyril\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2445780\",\n \"text\": \"upon the former President's death. The official residence of the president of the Czech Republic is Prague Castle. However, the living quarters are small and not particularly comfortable, so recent presidents (Václav Havel and Václav Klaus) have chosen to live elsewhere. The last president to reside more or less full-time in the residence in the Prague Castle was Gustáv Husák. The president also maintains a summer residence at the castle in the village of Lány, 35 km west of Prague. There is one living former Czech President: President of the Czech Republic The President of the Czech Republic is the\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11968431\",\n \"text\": \"Union, better healthcare in the Czech Republic, high levels of corruption in Russia and also political reasons. Russian immigrants have large proportion of business people in comparison with other immigrant groups. The Czech Republic is a popular destination for Russian tourists. In 2017, over 550,000 Russians visited the country. Czech Republic–Russia relations Czech Republic–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation. Unlike Russia, the Czech Republic is a member of Western institutions including the European Union, NATO and the OECD. Therefore, Russia–European Union relations and NATO–Russia relations are playing key role while the\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Russia relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6495736\",\n \"text\": \"professional opinion the Czech Republic will not adopt the euro before 2019. In December 2013, the Czech government approved a recommendation from the Czech National Bank and Ministry of Finance against setting a formal target date for euro adoption or joining ERM II in 2014. Miloš Zeman, who was elected President of the Czech Republic in early 2013, supports euro adoption by the Czech Republic, though he also advocates a referendum on the decision. Shortly after taking office in March 2013, Zeman suggested that the Czech Republic would not be ready for the switch for at least five years. Prime\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic and the euro\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10726136\",\n \"text\": \"2014, the Czech government approved of the sale of 28 sub-sonic L-159 military planes in a deal worth up to $25.8 million to the United States. As of February 2012, due to the escalating Syrian civil war, the U.S. Embassy in Syria closed down. After the Polish embassy also closed, the Czech Republic in its stead assumed protecting power responsibility for the United States. All U.S. citizens needing help are directed to go to the Embassy of The Czech Republic in Damascus. The US State Department's travel tips include \\\"The Government of the Czech Republic, acting through its Embassy in\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7075538\",\n \"text\": \"from 2006 to 2010. All have got face value 2 500 Kc. Bridges in the Czech Republic Issued from 2011. Last should be minted in 2015. All have got face value 5 000 Kc. Future releases Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic The Czech National Bank issues 200 / 500 Koruna (Kč) silver commemorative coins and golden commemorative coins of various denominations. The golden coins are issued in thematic sets – Bohemian crown set, Charles IV set, Ten centuries of architecture set, Industrial Heritage Sites set and Bridges in the Czech Republic set. In 2000 the special 2000 Kč silver\",\n \"title\": \"Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12299528\",\n \"text\": \"used by the Police of the Czech Republic: Police of the Czech Republic Police of the Czech Republic (Czech: \\\"Policie České republiky\\\") is the national law enforcement agency of the Czech Republic. It was established on 15 July 1991 under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. The agency is tasked with protecting citizens, property and public order and as of 2015, there were around 40,500 employees. Czech state police cooperates with municipal police departments, which are present in local municipalities. The Police of the Czech Republic took over land management after the communist SNB in the Czech Republic\",\n \"title\": \"Police of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72307\",\n \"text\": \"Cabinet of the Czech Republic is the supreme executive body in the Czech Republic. The Cabinet shall make its decisions as a body. The Cabinet shall consist of the Prime Minister and Ministers. Controls the state and the ministry. Publishes government decree. The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President of the Republic who shall appoint on the Prime Minister's proposal the other members of the Cabinet and shall entrust them with the direction of individual ministries or other agencies. Within thirty days after its appointment the Cabinet shall present itself to the Chamber of Deputies and shall ask\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11067355\",\n \"text\": \"country with the Czech Republic as their destination. Mongolians in the Czech Republic Mongolians in the Czech Republic form one of the country's smaller ethnic groups. Workers from Mongolia comprised 3.6% of the foreign workforce , making them the third-largest non-European Union group behind Ukrainians and Vietnamese, and the fifth-largest group overall. By 2011 they had declined both in numbers and in relative size to other foreign populations, having been surpassed by Russians and Moldovans. In 2005, only 1,900 Mongolians lived in the Czech Republic, according to the local police; by 31 March 2006, that figure had grown slightly to\",\n \"title\": \"Mongolians in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14670264\",\n \"text\": \"Republic government. Today, the Apostolic Church keeps close fellowship with the Apostolic Church (Slovakia) and both maintain a Bible school in Kolín, close to Prague. In 2008 there was nearly 3400 members in 110 communities, and the church polity is episcopal. Apostolic Church (Czech Republic) The Apostolic Church (in Czech: Apoštolská církev) is a Pentecostal denomination in Czech Republic. Pentecostalism came in 1910 to the present Czech and Slovak lands, and spread to Brno, Prague and other places and was registered as \\\"The Union of Resolved Pentecostal Christians\\\". The church passed through many difficulties under the Nazi occupation and during\",\n \"title\": \"Apostolic Church (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8720049\",\n \"text\": \"sold themselves or been sold by others for acts of prostitution in Brno, the second largest city in the Czech Republic, where drug abuse among Roma teenagers is alarming prevalent. The Government of the Czech Republic fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. In 2004, the Czech Government strengthened its anti-trafficking legislation and turned its pilot victim assistance program into a nationwide government-funded program. While enforcement statistics improved during the reporting period, sentences imposed on traffickers remained low. The Czech police increased its capacity to investigate and convict traffickers over the reporting period, although the overall\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15666053\",\n \"text\": \"lack of pro-active monitoring of the financing and states that an effective supervisory mechanism is missing. A survey of Transparency International in 2009 showed that fewer than 1 in 10 respondents find the anti-corruption efforts of their government effective. In 2010, 44% of people answered that the corruption increased. Crime in the Czech Republic Crime in the Czech Republic is combated by the Czech Police and other agencies. In 2012, the Czech Republic had a murder rate of 1.0 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 105 murders in the Czech Republic in 2012. Car thefts and break-ins are\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16778108\",\n \"text\": \"of perpetrators. 2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings The 2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings occurred in September 2012 in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. In the course of several days, 38 people in the Czech Republic and 4 people in Poland died as a result of methanol poisoning and many others were taken to hospital. The poisonings continued for several years after the main wave. As of April 2014, there were 51 dead and many others suffered permanent health damage. The Czech government established a central emergency response council and banned the sale of liquors with more than 30% alcohol\",\n \"title\": \"2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16778105\",\n \"text\": \"2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings The 2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings occurred in September 2012 in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. In the course of several days, 38 people in the Czech Republic and 4 people in Poland died as a result of methanol poisoning and many others were taken to hospital. The poisonings continued for several years after the main wave. As of April 2014, there were 51 dead and many others suffered permanent health damage. The Czech government established a central emergency response council and banned the sale of liquors with more than 30% alcohol by volume\",\n \"title\": \"2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17252505\",\n \"text\": \"Music of the Czech Republic Music of the Czech Republic comprises the musical traditions of that state or the historical entities of which it is compound, i.e. the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia). Czech music also constitutes a substantial part of the music culture of its direct predecessor, Czechoslovakia. Music in this area has its roots in sacred music from more than a thousand years ago. The oldest recorded song from this territory is the hymn \\\"Hospodine, pomiluj ny\\\" (\\\"Lord, Have Mercy on Us\\\"), dating from the turn of the 11th century. Bohemian traditional music includes that of Chodsko\",\n \"title\": \"Music of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13352455\",\n \"text\": \"Economic relations between Japan and the Czech Republic have been developing steadily with rapid growth of large-scale direct investment and trade of electrical machinery and mechanical components. In the year of 1968, when self-proclaimed \\\"brotherhood nations\\\" the Soviet Union and four communist states sent tanks to Prague, Japan sent a private enterprise there; that is to say, one of the largest Japanese general trading companies Mitsui & Co. started operating in the capital of the Czech Republic. A few years later the end of the Cold War, in 1993, Japan External Trade Organization, which was authorized as a government-related organization\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Japan relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10986489\",\n \"text\": \"in cross-country skiing, speed skating and ultimately popular ice hockey. In terms of medal count the most decorated Czech Olympian within the post-Czechoslovak period is cross-country skier Kateřina Neumannová (6 medals between 1998 and 2006). The National Olympic Committee for the Czech Republic is the Czech Olympic Committee, which was founded in 1899 and recognized in its current form by the International Olympic Committee in 1993. Czech Republic at the Olympics The Czech Republic first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994, and has competed in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic at the Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4954187\",\n \"text\": \"Beer in the Czech Republic Beer () has a long history in what is now the Czech Republic, with brewing taking place in Břevnov Monastery in 993. The city of Brno had the right to brew beer from the 12th century while Plzeň and České Budějovice (Pilsen and Budweis in German), had breweries in the 13th century. The most common Czech beers are pale lagers of pilsner type, with characteristic transparent golden colour, high foaminess and lighter flavour. The Czech Republic has the highest beer consumption per capita in the world. The largest Czech beer breweries are Pilsner Urquell (Plzeňský\",\n \"title\": \"Beer in the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9049352\",\n \"text\": \"formerly known as Expressway R10 () was officially redesignated as Motorway D10 on January 1, 2016. D10 motorway (Czech Republic) Motorway D10 () is an motorway in the Czech Republic, running northeast from Prague to Mladá Boleslav and Turnov. It forms part of the European Route European route E65. The sections from Prague have been built since the 1970s and at that time, it was planned to build the expressway to the Polish border, not only to Turnov. The expressway reached Turnov in 1990. In 1993, the government decided that the section Turnov - Polish border would not be constructed.\",\n \"title\": \"D10 motorway (Czech Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13201722\",\n \"text\": \"in Czech Republic, relations with Poland were ranked as the second best after Slovakia, out of 13 countries, with 92% of respondents viewing them as very good or rather good. Czech Republic–Poland relations Poland and the Czech Republic are both members of the European Union and NATO. Both joined the EU simultaneously on 1 May 2004. They also both joined NATO on 12 March 1999. Both countries form together with Slovakia and Hungary the Visegrad group, which is an important regional group in Central Europe. They share 796 km (495 mi) of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Poland relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15649542\",\n \"text\": \"their powers. Although they lost to Team USA in the bronze medal game too, they presented themselves well and finished as the best European team. Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team is the national box lacrosse team of the Czech Republic which regularly participates in World Indoor Lacrosse Championship. Team consists of amateur players, who are members of Czech box lacrosse league NBLL. A few Canadian players from the National Lacrosse League with Czech ancestors are also members of this team. Box lacrosse is the most popular form of lacrosse in the Czech Republic,\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15649540\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team is the national box lacrosse team of the Czech Republic which regularly participates in World Indoor Lacrosse Championship. Team consists of amateur players, who are members of Czech box lacrosse league NBLL. A few Canadian players from the National Lacrosse League with Czech ancestors are also members of this team. Box lacrosse is the most popular form of lacrosse in the Czech Republic, the team has had better results than in field lacrosse. Czechs took part in the first World Indoor Lacrosse Championship (WILC) ever, held in Canada\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic national indoor lacrosse team\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72347\",\n \"text\": \"Pact military alliance. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic is completing a major reorganisation and reduction of the armed forces, which intensified after the Czech Republic joined NATO on 12 March 1999. As defined by the Czech Law No. 219/1999 Coll., the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic () are the military forces of the Czech Republic. They consist of the Army of the Czech Republic, the Military Office of President of the Republic and the Castle Guard. Military history of the Czech people dates back to the Middle Ages and the creation of Duchy of Bohemia and\",\n \"title\": \"Army of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12980180\",\n \"text\": \"to UNESCO. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tel Aviv and 3 honorary consulates (in Haifa, Jerusalem and Ramat Gan). Israel has an embassy in Prague. Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean. Czech Republic–Israel relations Relations between Israel and the Czech Republic, and its predecessor state Czechoslovakia, have varied widely over time. Initially warm, Czechoslovakia-Israel relations deteriorated, and the two countries did not have diplomatic relations during most of the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. However, after the Velvet Revolution and dissolution of Czechoslovakia the countries re-established contact, and the Czech Republic is now one\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–Israel relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19581973\",\n \"text\": \"Czech Republic–India relations Economic relations between India and Czech Republic date back to the Middle Ages. People in both countries have always been interested in learning more about the history, language and culture of the other country. During the years after India’s independence, Czechoslovakia also played a role as a vital economic partner. Today, both India and Czech Republic have established close relations when it comes to trade, investment and tourism. Bohemia (now a land that is part of the Czech Republic) traded extensively with India for unique and valuable goods such as spices. These Indian spices were transported into\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–India relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19581978\",\n \"text\": \"important agreements signed between India and Czech Republic: Both India and Czech Republic are equally interested in being educated about the history and culture of the other country. Czech people are passionate about yoga, Ayurveda and Indian religious texts. Many universities in the Czech Republic have a long history of offering education about Indian culture, languages, literature and history. Similarly, in the Delhi University in India, students can learn Czech language and history, and are increasingly eager to visit Czech Republic to explore the architecture, history and beauty. For many decades, Czechoslovakia was one of India’s main trading partners among\",\n \"title\": \"Czech Republic–India relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13355173\",\n \"text\": \"Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic The Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic is an institution guaranteeing high professional level of tax advisory services in the Czech Republic. The Chamber watches over proper performance of tax advisory services, regulates activities of tax advisers, creates preconditions for improvement of their qualification, offers its members a wide range of various services, protects and promotes their rightful interests and helps to form a suitable environment for tax advisers' work. The Chamber is an independent professional organization of tax advisers. Its existence is given by the \\\"Tax Advisory Services and\",\n \"title\": \"Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["parliamentary republic"],"string":"[\n \"parliamentary republic\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1281,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the leader of syria now?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"4511755","text":"Elections in Syria Elections in Syria gives information on election and election results in Syria. A civil war has been going on in Syria since 2011 following a period of demonstrations and unrest in 2011, which was part of the international wave of protest known as the Arab Spring. The government, headed by Bashar al-Assad, son of previous leader Hafez al-Assad, is based in Damascus, the traditional capital. Elections were held on 3 June 2014. The winner was Bashar al-Assad of the Ba'ath party. There were observers from more than 30 countries. Summary of the 7 May 2012 People's Council","title":"Elections in Syria"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4511755\",\n \"text\": \"Elections in Syria Elections in Syria gives information on election and election results in Syria. A civil war has been going on in Syria since 2011 following a period of demonstrations and unrest in 2011, which was part of the international wave of protest known as the Arab Spring. The government, headed by Bashar al-Assad, son of previous leader Hafez al-Assad, is based in Damascus, the traditional capital. Elections were held on 3 June 2014. The winner was Bashar al-Assad of the Ba'ath party. There were observers from more than 30 countries. Summary of the 7 May 2012 People's Council\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in Syria\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9347271","text":"Kill Me\". \"Black Helicopters\" was the only charting single from the album, peaking at #46 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. Futurama The C.I.A Is Trying to Kill Me Drug Music If You Got Love Rock Stars Say Goodbye to Yesterday Black Helicopters Strange Universe Cult Leader It's Us Suicide Bomb We Are the Future The Future Is Now The Future Is Now is the debut album by the New York City hip hop group Non Phixion, released in March 2002 on Uncle Howie Records. The album garnered acclaim among critics and fans, and is considered to be an underground","title":"The Future Is Now"},{"psg_id":"5148722","text":"parliament described Ghadry as not being a \"major figure\", and was perplexed by U.S. backing of him. Similarly Haitham al-Maleh, who would later become a senior figure in the Syrian National Council, viewed Ghadry as an \"opportunist\". Reform Party of Syria The Reform Party of Syria ( \"Ḥizb Al-Iṣlāḥ Al-Sūrīy\"), or RPS is a Syrian political party and lobby group based in the United States that was active in the mid to late 2000s. Its leader Farid Ghadry is a United States citizen and has been described as \"controversial\" by \"Al Jazeera\". The RPS claims to have been formed in","title":"Reform Party of Syria"},{"psg_id":"20960410","text":"‘’The Walking Dead’’ has gotten, and while I was worried before (and still have some doubts) I don’t think it’s going to suffer too much without Rick. His “death” serves as an interesting catalyst for character growth throughout the community, as they no longer have the luxury of one leader calling all the shots.” \"Who Are You Now?\" received a total viewership of 5.40 million with a 2.0 rating in adults aged 18-49. It was the highest-rated cable program of the night, and the episode was steady in viewership from the previous week. Who Are You Now? (The Walking Dead)","title":"Who Are You Now? (The Walking Dead)"},{"psg_id":"12389053","text":"Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Leader of the Labour Party is the most senior political figure within the Labour Party in the United Kingdom. Since 12 September 2015, the office has been held by Jeremy Corbyn; who has represented the constituency of Islington North since 1983. Harriet Harman was the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and also Acting Leader since the resignation of Ed Miliband on 8 May 2015 following Labour's defeat at the 2015 general election. On 12 September 2015, she was replaced by Jeremy Corbyn, who won the Labour leadership election. Tom Watson is now","title":"Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"},{"psg_id":"8737612","text":"History of the Jews in Syria Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited Syria from early times and the Sephardim who fled to Syria after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1492 AD). There were large communities in Aleppo, Damascus, and Qamishli for centuries. In the early 20th century, a large percentage of Syrian Jews immigrated to Israel, the U.S., and Latin America. The largest Syrian-Jewish community is located in Israel and is estimated at 80,000. Following the Syrian Civil War and rise of ISIL, the majority of the remaining Jews of Syria have fled","title":"History of the Jews in Syria"},{"psg_id":"18356795","text":"of Antioch (1098-1268) and County of Tripoli (1109-1289). The area was also threatened by Shi'a extremists known as Assassins (\"Hassassin\") and in 1260 the Mongols briefly swept through Syria. The withdrawal of the main Mongol army prompted the Mamluks of Egypt to invade and conquer Syria. In addition to the sultanate's capital in Cairo, the Mamluk leader, Baibars, made Damascus a provincial capital, with the cities linked by a mail service that traveled by both horses and carrier pigeons. The Mamluks eliminated the last of the Crusader footholds in Syria and repulsed several Mongol invasions. In 1400, Timur Lenk, or","title":"History of Syria"},{"psg_id":"18356830","text":"EU regard as terrorist groups. In 2003 the US threatened sanctions if Damascus failed to make what Washington called the \"right decisions\". Syria denied US allegations that it was developing chemical weapons and helping fugitive Iraqis. An Israeli air strike against a Palestinian militant camp near Damascus in October 2003 was described by Syria as \"military aggression\". President Assad visited Turkey in January 2004, the first Syrian leader to do so. The trip marked the end of decades of frosty relations, although ties were to sour again after 2011. In May 2004, the USA imposed economic sanctions on Syria over","title":"History of Syria"},{"psg_id":"2473045","text":"Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \"muwashshah\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \"muwashshah\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to be the ancestor of the European","title":"Music of Syria"},{"psg_id":"2473049","text":"well as oriental dance for women. Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \"muwashshah\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \"muwashshah\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to","title":"Music of Syria"},{"psg_id":"5280316","text":"and Lake Kinneret, now called Tiberias, and then the Jordan River which discharges into the salt sea, now called the Dead Sea. Libanius (died 392 CE) was born at Antioch, the capital of Coele Syria as it is called. This city was founded by Seleucus surnamed Nicator. Coele-Syria Coele-Syria, Coele Syria, Coelesyria (, \"Koílē Syría\"), also rendered as Coelosyria and Celesyria, otherwise Hollow Syria (, ), was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. It probably derived from the Aramaic for \"all\" of the region of Syria but more often was applied to the Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and","title":"Coele-Syria"},{"psg_id":"5282833","text":"other brother Ptolemy X. In 102 BC, Cleopatra III decided to establish an alliance with Antiochus VIII of Seleucid Syria; Cleopatra Selene was sent as his bride and stayed with him until his assassination in 96 BC. The now widowed queen decided to marry Antiochus VIII's brother Antiochus IX, but she lost her new husband in 95 BC. Her last marriage was to her stepson, Antiochus IX's heir Antiochus X, who disappeared from the records and is presumed to have died in 92 BC. Cleopatra Selene hid somewhere in Syria with her children until 83/82 BC (230 Seleucid year (SE)),","title":"Cleopatra Selene of Syria"},{"psg_id":"5352921","text":"Now Is the Time Now Is the Time is the second studio album by Alanis Morissette, released only in Canada on August 1, 1992. It was the final album for MCA Records Canada. Morissette recorded the album with Leslie Howe, who produced her debut album, \"Alanis\" (1991). In 1995 Morissette released her Grammy winning-international acclaimed debut album \"Jagged Little Pill\" through U.S. label Maverick Records. Executives at Maverick persuaded MCA Records to withdraw all copies of \"Alanis\" and \"Now Is the Time\" from circulation, and they did not mention either album in the promotional material for \"Jagged Little Pill\". According","title":"Now Is the Time"},{"psg_id":"5148721","text":"Reform Party of Syria The Reform Party of Syria ( \"Ḥizb Al-Iṣlāḥ Al-Sūrīy\"), or RPS is a Syrian political party and lobby group based in the United States that was active in the mid to late 2000s. Its leader Farid Ghadry is a United States citizen and has been described as \"controversial\" by \"Al Jazeera\". The RPS claims to have been formed in response to 9/11. It is a member of fellow lobbying organization the Coalition Against Terrorist Media. WikiLeaks cables released revealed that Ghadry and his organization were viewed as \"unwelcome\" by Riad Seif, and a Syrian member of","title":"Reform Party of Syria"},{"psg_id":"7937268","text":"Who Then Now? Who Then Now? is a platinum-certified biographical video released by the band Korn on March 18, 1997. It features interviews with the band up to the recording of \"Life Is Peachy\", and music videos for \"Blind\", \"Shoots and Ladders\", \"Clown\" and \"Faget\". The last video, \"Faget\", like \"Good God\", was never released. The original VHS is out of production, but it can be found in its entirety on the follow-up release, \"Deuce\", which effectively picks up where \"Who Then Now?\" left off and follows the band up to the recording of \"Untouchables\". Korn re-released \"Who Then Now?\"","title":"Who Then Now?"},{"psg_id":"16626743","text":"value) as he sold, buying and selling of shares, mostly in Qatar National Bank–Syria and Syria International Islamic Bank. WikiLeaks leader Julian Assange said of the files that \"it helps us not merely to criticise one group or another, but to understand their interests, actions and thoughts. It is only through understanding this conflict that we can hope to resolve it.\" On September 9, 2016, reporters from \"The Daily Dot\" broke a story describing unsealed U.S. court documents showing that the leaked version of the Syria Files omitted records of a €2 billion transfer from the Central Bank of Syria","title":"Syria Files"},{"psg_id":"5280301","text":"Coele-Syria Coele-Syria, Coele Syria, Coelesyria (, \"Koílē Syría\"), also rendered as Coelosyria and Celesyria, otherwise Hollow Syria (, ), was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. It probably derived from the Aramaic for \"all\" of the region of Syria but more often was applied to the Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountain ranges. The area now forms part of the modern nations of Lebanon and Syria. It is widely accepted that the term Coele is a transcription of Aramaic \"kul\", meaning \"all, the entire\", such that the term originally identified \"all\" of Syria. The word \"Coele\", which","title":"Coele-Syria"},{"psg_id":"8737664","text":"International Religious Freedom Report. As of December 2014, fewer than 50 Jews remained in the area due increasing violence and war. In October 2015, with the threat of ISIS nearby, nearly all of the remaining Jews in Aleppo were rescued in a covert operation and moved to Ashkelon, Israel. It was estimated in November 2015 that only 18 Jews remain in Syria. History of the Jews in Syria Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited Syria from early times and the Sephardim who fled to Syria after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1492 AD).","title":"History of the Jews in Syria"},{"psg_id":"2615911","text":"1 September 1920, after which Syria was split into separate territories, each eventually given its own flag. The Prime Minister of Syria under French Mandate, Jamil al-Ulshi, adopted the new flag on 22 June 1920. This flag was in use until 1930. The third and final flag under the French Mandate was adopted by Prime Minister Taj al-Din al-Hasani in 1930 and was used until 1 January 1932. The flag of the newly established Syrian Republic, under the French mandate was determined by the 1930 constitution. The constitution was drafted by a parliamentary committee led by nationalist leader Ibrahim Hananu.","title":"Flag of Syria"},{"psg_id":"7937269","text":"in its entirety on DVD on July 14, 2009. It does not include any new extra features. Who Then Now? Who Then Now? is a platinum-certified biographical video released by the band Korn on March 18, 1997. It features interviews with the band up to the recording of \"Life Is Peachy\", and music videos for \"Blind\", \"Shoots and Ladders\", \"Clown\" and \"Faget\". The last video, \"Faget\", like \"Good God\", was never released. The original VHS is out of production, but it can be found in its entirety on the follow-up release, \"Deuce\", which effectively picks up where \"Who Then Now?\"","title":"Who Then Now?"},{"psg_id":"19941196","text":"local councils of the Jazira Region, Euphrates Region and Afrin Region will be held in December 2017. The regions act as the primary sub-division for a \"future decentralized system of federal governance in Syria.\" Article 7 of the Constitution of the DFNS states: Since the adoption of the Constitution, only the Shahba region (now the Shahba canton of the Afrin Region) has been added to the federation in March 2016. The YPG has controlled Sheikh Maqsood since 2012, but this territory has never been incorporated into the North Syria Federation. Regions of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria The Regions","title":"Regions of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria"},{"psg_id":"5352925","text":"with my moving from Canada and moving away from any preconceived notions of how songs 'should' be written. It was the beginning of a new way to approach songwriting altogether.\" Now Is the Time Now Is the Time is the second studio album by Alanis Morissette, released only in Canada on August 1, 1992. It was the final album for MCA Records Canada. Morissette recorded the album with Leslie Howe, who produced her debut album, \"Alanis\" (1991). In 1995 Morissette released her Grammy winning-international acclaimed debut album \"Jagged Little Pill\" through U.S. label Maverick Records. Executives at Maverick persuaded MCA","title":"Now Is the Time"},{"psg_id":"19434464","text":"escape from the conflict zone is cut short, witnessing the toll the war has taken on them. Though he could now articulate an answer to Nyhad’s piteous question, it no longer needs to be said. An Ishmael of Syria An Ishmael of Syria is the first novel by Syrian author Asaad Almohammad. Published in 2016, it tells the story of Adam, a young man from Raqqa city, and follows his journey across Syria, Lebanon, and Malaysia, for the period between 1989 and 2015. With the refugee crisis, the Syrian conflict, and radicalisation at the centre of international affairs, Adam, an","title":"An Ishmael of Syria"},{"psg_id":"8737645","text":"decline. Beginning around 1850, and with increasing frequency until the First World War, many families left Syria for Egypt, and later moved from there to Manchester in England, often following the cotton trade. Later still a considerable number left Manchester for Latin America, in particular Mexico and Argentina. Jews continued to emigrate from Syria into the early 20th century. From around 1908, many Syrian Jews migrated to New York City, where the Brooklyn community is now the world's largest single Syrian Jewish community. For these communities at the present day, see Syrian Jews. With anti-Jewish feeling reaching a climax in","title":"History of the Jews in Syria"},{"psg_id":"2642994","text":"Wales Green Party has a Leader, Pippa Bartalotti, and Deputy Leader Chris Were. The North West of England appointed a Leader some years ago in the run up to a European election but this has now been abandoned. However, some regional and local groups have adopted the gender balance principle and emulated the Principal Speaker structure, including the LSE Students' Union Green Party, who have a Female and Male Co-Chair. Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales The Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales is the most senior political figure within the Green Party of","title":"Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales"},{"psg_id":"8970110","text":"and called on their supporters to boycott the elections. As of 2008 the President is the Regional Secretary of the Ba'ath party in Syria and leader of the National Progressive Front governing coalition. Outside of the coalition are 14 illegal Kurdish political parties. Syria's judicial branches include the Supreme Constitutional Court, the High Judicial Council, the Court of Cassation, and the State Security Courts. Islamic jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system has elements of Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws. Syria has three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional","title":"Syria"},{"psg_id":"10454167","text":"The Cleveland Leader The Cleveland Leader was an online Cleveland-based news publication focused on covering Cleveland news, culture, and events, and other national and international interest stories. The \"Cleveland Leader\" was first created in 1854 by Edwin Cowles, who merged a variety of abolitionist, pre-Republican Party titles under the \"Leader\". From a program celebrating the opening of the Leader Building in 1913, \"In 1847 an anti-slavery Whig paper which had been published for about a year in Olmsted Falls, now, as then, a small village, was moved to Cleveland and changed from a weekly to a daily, retaining the name","title":"The Cleveland Leader"},{"psg_id":"18356796","text":"Tamerlane, invaded Syria, defeated the Mamluk army at Aleppo and captured Damascus. Many of the city's inhabitants were massacred, except for the artisans, who were deported to Samarkand. At this time the Christian population of Syria suffered persecution. By the end of the 15th century, the discovery of a sea route from Europe to the Far East ended the need for an overland trade route through Syria. In 1516, the Ottoman Empire conquered Syria. Ottoman Sultan Selim I conquered most of Syria in 1516 after defeating the Mamlukes at the Battle of Marj Dabiq near Aleppo. Syria was part of","title":"History of Syria"},{"psg_id":"5352923","text":"\"Now Is the Time\", \"...I'm not scared people might hear these records. I never did \"Playboy\" centerfolds. There's nothing I regret. Maybe people will just understand that my lyrics are from different experiences if they hear those records. It validates [\"Jagged Little Pill\"] ... There was an element of me not being who I really was at the time and now i'm more experienced with my life. It was because I wasn't prepared to open up that way. The focus for me then was entertaining people and getting my feet wet in the business, it was about being young &","title":"Now Is the Time"},{"psg_id":"6042572","text":"Then and Now (The Who album) Then and Now is a 2004 greatest hits compilation album by The Who released internationally by Polydor Records and by Geffen Records in the United States. It features 18 Who classics and two new tracks—\"Real Good Looking Boy\" and \"Old Red Wine\"—which were the first Who originals since \"Dig\" from Pete Townshend's 1989 album \"\". \"Real Good Looking Boy\" is a tribute to Elvis Presley, and \"Old Red Wine\" is a tribute to former band member John Entwistle, who died in 2002. The album was re-released in 2007 and replaced \"Old Red Wine\" with","title":"Then and Now (The Who album)"},{"psg_id":"17155466","text":"The One Who Loves You Now \"The One Who Loves You Now\" is a song by Swedish recording artist and former ABBA member Agnetha Fältskog. It was released in Germany and Austria on as the first single off her 5th English solo album \"\"A\"\". Internationally, the first single from \"\"A\"\" was When You Really Loved Someone. The song was released as a single on CD in the United Kingdom on November 25, 2013. \"The One Who Loves You Now\" was written by Jörgen Elofsson together with Pär Westerlund a few years before Fältskog was approached to make a recording. Though","title":"The One Who Loves You Now"},{"psg_id":"15289844","text":"Leader of the Independent Members The Leader of the Independent Members, also referred to as Leader of the Independent Group, is a Member of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands who is officially recognised as leader of a group of MPs who are aligned neither with the government nor with the Official Opposition. The position is established by the Constitution of 1978, which has been in force since the country's independence from the United Kingdom. Article 66 of the Constitution creates the functions of Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Independent Members, which are separate. (While \"Leader of","title":"Leader of the Independent Members"},{"psg_id":"7052655","text":"of the Opposition in the Senate, who is elected / nominated separately. A list of the leaders of the Opposition before and according to the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan; Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan) The Leader of the Opposition (Urdu: قائد حزب اختلاف), is the people's elected politician who, by law, is the leader of the Official Opposition in Pakistan. The Leader of the Opposition also leads the Official Opposition to National Assembly of Pakistan, a lower house of Pakistan Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the largest party not within the government which is","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"11828739","text":"Malchus of Syria Saint Malchus of Syria (or Malchus of Chalcis, Malchus of Maronia) (died c. 390) is the subject of Saint Jerome's biography \"Life of Malchus the Captive Monk\" (\"Vita Malchi monachi captivi\"), written in Latin around 391/392 CE. According to Jerome, Malchus was a monk who was sold into slavery and forced to marry another slave. While never consummating the marriage, he escaped with his wife and returned to his monastery. Jerome interviewed Malchus at his home in Maronia, Syria, while Malchus and his wife were still alive. Malchus is commemorated 26 March by the Eastern Orthodox and","title":"Malchus of Syria"},{"psg_id":"7087400","text":"the Order in exchange for assistance from Jobert in the planned campaign there. Though Jobert supported the Egyptian policy, he is last mentioned in January 1177, and his successor, Roger de Moulins, did not agree with the plan, which was abandoned. Jobert of Syria Jobert of Syria (also known as Gilbert, Josberto, or Joubert) was the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller in Syria from 1172 to his death, which is thought to have occurred in 1177. He succeeded Cast de Murols (1170–1172), while Cast's predecessor, Gilbert d'Aissailly, who was still living, had been deposed. The memory of Gilbert","title":"Jobert of Syria"},{"psg_id":"16249513","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica) The Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition in Jamaica is the leader of the largest political party which has not formed the current government. The Leader of the Opposition is seen as the alternative Prime Minister and leads the Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica. As of January 2012, Jamaica has had no Leader of the Opposition who has not also served as Prime Minister. P. J. Patterson and Donald Sangster are the only two of Jamaica's nine Prime Ministers who has not also served as Leader of the Opposition. The current holder of the post of Leader","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica)"},{"psg_id":"5520432","text":"the Hama uprising of 1982, when thousands were killed by the military. Membership in the Syrian Brotherhood became a capital offence in Syria in the 1980 (under Emergency Law 49) and the Brotherhood was crushed, though it retained a network of support in the country, of unknown strength, and had external headquarters in London and Cyprus. In recent years it has renounced violence and adopted a reformist platform, calling for the establishment of a pluralistic, democratic political system. For many years the leader of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood was Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni, who lives as a political refugee in London.","title":"Muslim Brotherhood of Syria"},{"psg_id":"5282850","text":"generally accepted by the Syrians, and the people of Antioch invited Tigranes II to rule Syria, being frustrated by the Seleucids' constant civil wars. The year in which this event took place is debated; 83 BC is, without any proof, commonly accepted as Philip I's year of death by the majority of scholars who count on the account of Appian, who assigned a reign of fourteen years for Tigranes II, which ended in 69 BC. Oliver D. Hoover suggested that Tigranes II invaded Syria only in 74 BC, with Philip I ruling until 75 BC in Northern Syria, allowing Cleopatra","title":"Cleopatra Selene of Syria"},{"psg_id":"2039458","text":"breed Naxalism. More clarification followed on his Twitter account: \"I specifically referred to sick government schools in Naxal affected areas. Many who have turned to Naxalism have come from these schools. I did not say all Govt schools (where lakhs study) breed Naxalism. Great talents have emerged from these schools & I would never generalize.\" In March 2018, he faced criticism from political leaders for his commentary, where he said, India will turn into Syria if the Ram temple issue is not resolved soon. Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader) Ravi Shankar (born 13 May 1956) is an Indian spiritual leader. He","title":"Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)"},{"psg_id":"7087398","text":"Jobert of Syria Jobert of Syria (also known as Gilbert, Josberto, or Joubert) was the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller in Syria from 1172 to his death, which is thought to have occurred in 1177. He succeeded Cast de Murols (1170–1172), while Cast's predecessor, Gilbert d'Aissailly, who was still living, had been deposed. The memory of Gilbert must have informed Jobert of how not to waste the Order's funds, for he seems to have been a responsible steward of the order's assets. He set aside property for the production of white bread for the poor at the hospital","title":"Jobert of Syria"},{"psg_id":"6042574","text":"at the end of some versions of \"My Generation\" from the 2000 tour. The riff was also played in a performance of the same song during Entwistle's last show, at the Royal Albert Hall on 8 February 2002. Portions of the song were also played sometimes after \"My Generation\" on the band's 2002 (after Entwistle's death), 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008 tours. Then and Now (The Who album) Then and Now is a 2004 greatest hits compilation album by The Who released internationally by Polydor Records and by Geffen Records in the United States. It features 18 Who classics and","title":"Then and Now (The Who album)"},{"psg_id":"18790593","text":"Abu Sayyaf (ISIL leader) Abu Sayyaf is the \"nom de guerre\" of a senior leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) who was described as overseeing gas and oil operations. United States authorities identified Abu Sayyaf's real name as Fathi Ben Awn Ben Jildi Murad al-Tunisi. Abu Sayyaf was killed on the night of May 15–16, 2015 while resisting capture during a United States Army Delta Force operation in eastern Syria. The operation was conducted to try to capture him and his wife on suspicion of their involvement in, or \"deep knowledge\" of, Islamic State hostage","title":"Abu Sayyaf (ISIL leader)"},{"psg_id":"16077309","text":"increase in the strength of Syrian military technology worried Turkey, as it seemed feasible that Syria might attempt to retake Iskenderon, a formerly Syrian city now in Turkey. On the other hand, Syria and the USSR accused Turkey of massing its troops at the Syrian border. During this standoff, Communists gained more control over the Syrian government and military. Only heated debates in the United Nations (of which Syria was an original member) lessened the threat of war. Syria's political instability during the years after the 1954 coup, the parallelism of Syrian and Egyptian policies, and the appeal of Egyptian","title":"Modern history of Syria"},{"psg_id":"8305270","text":"New York. One of the most popular dances in Syria is the Dabkeh, a folk dance combining circle dancing and line dancing formed from right to left and headed by a leader which alternates between facing the audience and other dancers. It is mostly performed at weddings and other joyous occasions. Other popular folklore dances include the \"Arāḍa\" (Arabic: عراضة), a dance performed with swords as well as oriental dance for women. Traditional Houses of the Old Cities in Damascus, Aleppo and some other Syrian cities are preserved and traditionally the living quarters are arranged around one or more courtyards,","title":"Culture of Syria"},{"psg_id":"2473048","text":"There was formerly a distinctive tradition of Syrian Jewish religious music, which still flourishes in Syrian-Jewish communities around the world, such as New York City, Mexico City and Buenos Aires: see The Weekly Maqam, Baqashot and Pizmonim. One of the most popular dances in Syria is the Dabkeh, a folk dance combining circle dancing and line dancing formed from right to left and headed by a leader which alternates between facing the audience and other dancers. It is mostly performed at weddings and other joyous occasions. Other popular folklore dances include the \"Arāḍa\" (), a dance performed with swords as","title":"Music of Syria"},{"psg_id":"8737659","text":"it was estimated that there were 4,000 Jews still in Syria. In November 1989, the Syrian government agreed to facilitate the emigration of 500 single Jewish women, who greatly outnumbered eligible Jewish men. During the 1991 Madrid peace conference, the United States pressured Syria to ease restriction on its Jewish population following heavy lobbying from Americans of Syrian-Jewish descent. As a result, Syria lifted many restrictions on its Jewish community, and allowed Jews to leave on condition that they not immigrate to Israel. Beginning on the Passover Holiday of 1992, 4,000 remaining members of the Damascus Jewish community (Arabic \"Yehud","title":"History of the Jews in Syria"},{"psg_id":"20900789","text":"Dium (Coele-Syria) Dium or Dion () or Dia (Δία) was a city in ancient Coele-Syria mentioned by numerous ancient writers. According to Stephanus of Byzantium, the city was a foundation of Alexander the Great, and named after the city Dium in Macedon. According to the ancient sources, it was very close to Pella, which is now in modern Jordan. Stephanus notes that the city's water was unhealthy. Little is known about the history of the city. Like most of the Hellenistic cities in that region, it was subjugated to the Jews under Alexander Jannaeus, who conquered the town, which was","title":"Dium (Coele-Syria)"},{"psg_id":"18356804","text":"Faisal I of the Hashemite dynasty, who later became the king of Iraq. In March 1920, the Syrian National Congress proclaimed Faisal as king of Syria \"in its natural boundaries\" from the Taurus mountains in Turkey to the Sinai desert in Egypt. However, his rule in Syria ended after only a few months following a clash between his Syrian Arab forces and French forces at the Battle of Maysalun. French troops took control of Syria and forced Faisal to flee. Later that year the San Remo conference split up Faisal's kingdom by placing Syria-Lebanon under a French mandate, and Palestine","title":"History of Syria"},{"psg_id":"18356806","text":"pardoned. He returned to Syria in 1937 and was met with a huge public reception. Elections were held in 1928 for a constituent assembly, which drafted a constitution for Syria. However, the French High Commissioner rejected the proposals, sparking nationalist protests. Syria and France negotiated a treaty of independence in September 1936. France agreed to Syrian independence in principle although maintained French military and economic dominance. Hashim al-Atassi, who had been Prime Minister under King Faisal's brief reign, was the first president to be elected under a new constitution, effectively the first incarnation of the modern republic of Syria. However,","title":"History of Syria"},{"psg_id":"7052654","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan) The Leader of the Opposition (Urdu: قائد حزب اختلاف), is the people's elected politician who, by law, is the leader of the Official Opposition in Pakistan. The Leader of the Opposition also leads the Official Opposition to National Assembly of Pakistan, a lower house of Pakistan Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the largest party not within the government which is usually the second largest political party in the National Assembly. In established democracies he or she is normally viewed as an alternative Prime Minister. There is also a Leader","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"18912582","text":"That Was Then, This Is Now (Josh Wilson album) That Was Then, This Is Now is the fourth studio album by Josh Wilson. Sparrow Records alongside distributor Capitol Christian Music Group released the album on July 31, 2015. Awarding the album four stars from \"CCM Magazine\", Rebekah Bell states, \"a great all-around album to listen to front to back\", where its \"a spiritually deep and thought-provoking collection.\" Amanda Furbeck, giving the album four stars at \"Worship Leader\", says, \"\"That Was Then, This Is Now\" exudes the excitement, enthusiasm, and charisma of a sinner who is thankful to be saved by","title":"That Was Then, This Is Now (Josh Wilson album)"},{"psg_id":"18566642","text":"said that I have intentionally not revealed the identity of (the boy who will become leader) character. And it's a funny thing because it's not for the reasons that people think. One thing I will happily tell everybody is that the character is not Hitler [laughs]. And the character is not Mussolini. It's someone else. And there's the dramatic event where you learn who this person is and that's something I want to save for people. Robert Pattinson is not playing Hitler as you now know [laughs]. I'll go on the record saying that. Corbet held auditions for the casting","title":"The Childhood of a Leader (film)"},{"psg_id":"19743919","text":"Leader of the Christian Union The Leader of the Christian Union is the most senior politician within the Christian Union (, CU) in the Netherlands. The post is currently held by Gert-Jan Segers, who succeeded Arie Slob in 2015. The Leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the Leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list. Outside election time the Leader can serves as the Opposition leader. In the Christian Union the Leader is often the Parliamentary leader in the","title":"Leader of the Christian Union"},{"psg_id":"19464308","text":"journalism. Syria Direct Syria Direct or Syria:direct, founded in 2013, is a non-governmental organization based in Amman, Jordan, providing news coverage on Syria's war and politics, and giving training to journalists. They have been funded by an American organization, the Global Peace and Development (GPD) Charitable Trust, and by the US State Department. \"Syria Direct\" is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information. \"Syria Direct\" employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day","title":"Syria Direct"},{"psg_id":"19464305","text":"Syria Direct Syria Direct or Syria:direct, founded in 2013, is a non-governmental organization based in Amman, Jordan, providing news coverage on Syria's war and politics, and giving training to journalists. They have been funded by an American organization, the Global Peace and Development (GPD) Charitable Trust, and by the US State Department. \"Syria Direct\" is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information. \"Syria Direct\" employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day by","title":"Syria Direct"},{"psg_id":"19629073","text":"Now is the Hour (TV series) Now is the Hour is a mockumentary television series starring New Zealand singer Deane Waretini who had a #1 hit with The Bridge in 1981. In the series, Dean Waretini is a 65 year old taxi driver. The seven part comedy series, which is about Waretini, is a blurring of fact and fiction. Besides Waretini, it also features Orlando, the manager from \"Wayne Anderson - Singer of Songs\", and a former Russian nuclear physicist. It has a \"road trip\" theme to it. Along for the ride is Raewyn-Anne who is the founder of his","title":"Now is the Hour (TV series)"},{"psg_id":"7010598","text":"\"Scout Leader\" is now used. Other adult leaders in the Scout Troop are called \"Assistant Scout Leaders\". Terms used in other sections are \"Beaver Scout Leader\", \"Assistant Beaver Scout Leader\", \"Cub Scout Leader\", \"Assistant Cub Scout Leader\", \"Explorer Scout Leader\", \"Assistant Explorer Scout Leader\", and so on. The Scout Group is led by a \"Group Scout Leader\" and who may be assisted by an appointed \"Assistant Group Scout Leader\". When Rover Scouts existed, there were \"Rover Scout Leaders\" and \"Assistant Rover Scout Leaders\". Collectively all adult leaders are called \"Scouters\". One of the leaders may take on the role of","title":"Scout leader"},{"psg_id":"17038749","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius) The Leader of the Opposition () of the Republic of Mauritius is the Member of Parliament who leads the Opposition party in the National Assembly. This office is a constitutional one guaranteed by the laws of the country. The current office holder becomes automatically 7th in the order of precedence. The current Leader of the Opposition is Xavier-Luc Duval who was appointed by President Ameenah Gurib on December 20, 2016. The political party or party alliance which wins the majority of seats in Parliament forms the government and its leader usually becomes the Prime Minister.","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius)"},{"psg_id":"15805155","text":"Now Is Good Now Is Good is a 2012 British teen drama film directed by Ol Parker. Based on Jenny Downham’s 2007 novel \"Before I Die\", it was adapted by Parker who had recently written the screenplay for \"The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel\". The film, which stars Dakota Fanning, Jeremy Irvine and Paddy Considine, centres on Tessa, a girl who is dying of leukaemia and tries to enjoy her remaining life as much as she possibly can. The first trailer for the film was released on 5 March 2012. Tessa, a teen with terminal acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and her best","title":"Now Is Good"},{"psg_id":"17155467","text":"the song wasn't written with Fältskog in mind, it was one of the first songs that Elofsson played to her when discussing a possible future album project. Fältskog apparently liked the song very much and chose to record it as the very first track for her album \"A\". When asked about the final result, Pär Westerlund stated that the song \"sounds very good\" and that he was \"very proud to be involved in that project\". The One Who Loves You Now \"The One Who Loves You Now\" is a song by Swedish recording artist and former ABBA member Agnetha Fältskog.","title":"The One Who Loves You Now"},{"psg_id":"18648145","text":"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria The Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, officially titled Charter of the Social Contract, is the provisional constitution of the self-proclaimed autonomous region of Syria known as the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS). It was adopted on 29 January 2014, when the Democratic Union Party (PYD), claiming to represent the DFNS population, declared the three DFNS regions it controls autonomous from the Syrian government. Article 12 states the DFNS remains an \"integral part of Syria\", tentatively implementing an expected future federal Syrian governance in Northern Syria. The constitution has","title":"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria"},{"psg_id":"3246908","text":"Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom) The Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition (more commonly known as the Leader of the Opposition) is the politician who leads the official opposition in the United Kingdom. The Leader of the Opposition by convention leads the largest party not within the government: where one party wins outright this is the party leader of the second largest political party in the House of Commons. The current Leader of the Opposition is Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the Labour Party, who was elected to the leadership of the Labour Party on 12 September 2015. The","title":"Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)"},{"psg_id":"15289845","text":"the Opposition\" is a position found throughout the Commonwealth realms, \"Leader of the Independent Members\" is specific to Solomon Islands.) Both are officially appointed by the Governor-General, who appoints as Leader the Member of Parliament recognised as such by the Opposition, or by unaligned Members, respectively. The Governor-General may dismiss the Leader of the Independent Members if it appears he no longer enjoys the support of those members. The Leader of the Independent Members has no specific, constitutionally defined functions. The following have served as Leader of the Independent Members: Leader of the Independent Members The Leader of the Independent","title":"Leader of the Independent Members"},{"psg_id":"3247096","text":"Leader of the Opposition (India) The Leader of the Opposition is the politician who leads the official opposition in either House of the Parliament of India. While the position also existed in former Central Legislative Assembly of British India, and holders of it there included Motilal Nehru, it received statutory recognition through the \"Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977\" which defines the term \"Leader of the Opposition\" as that member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha who, for the time being, is the Leader of that House of the Party in Opposition to","title":"Leader of the Opposition (India)"},{"psg_id":"6485736","text":"Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country was part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1924, a federation of Christian and Muslim associations from Lebanon and Syria became member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). In the 1930s and","title":"Scouts of Syria"},{"psg_id":"16249514","text":"of the Opposition is Peter Phillips as a result of his party's loss in the 2016 general election and his ascension to leader of the main opposition party in Jamaica in 2017, succeeding Portia Simpson Miller. Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica) The Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition in Jamaica is the leader of the largest political party which has not formed the current government. The Leader of the Opposition is seen as the alternative Prime Minister and leads the Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica. As of January 2012, Jamaica has had no Leader of the Opposition who has not also served","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica)"},{"psg_id":"15021832","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Greece) The Leader of the Opposition () is the politician who leads the official Opposition in Greece. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the largest party not within the government, which is usually the second largest political party in the Hellenic Parliament. One exception to this rule was during the Papademos government, when Antonis Samaras, leader of the New Democracy, despite supporting the new government, retained the position of Leader of the Opposition. According to the Standing Orders of the Hellenic Parliament (Art. 20) \"The President of the largest Parliamentary Group which","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Greece)"},{"psg_id":"8970083","text":"few months later, the Mamluks arrived with an army from Egypt and defeated the Mongols in the Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee. The Mamluk leader, Baibars, made Damascus a provincial capital. When he died, power was taken by Qalawun. In the meantime, an emir named Sunqur al-Ashqar had tried to declare himself ruler of Damascus, but he was defeated by Qalawun on 21 June 1280, and fled to northern Syria. Al-Ashqar, who had married a Mongol woman, appealed for help from the Mongols. The Mongols of the Ilkhanate took the city, but Qalawun persuaded Al-Ashqar to join him, and","title":"Syria"},{"psg_id":"19743920","text":"House of Representatives. One Christian Union leader became a Minister in a Cabinet. Leader of the Christian Union The Leader of the Christian Union is the most senior politician within the Christian Union (, CU) in the Netherlands. The post is currently held by Gert-Jan Segers, who succeeded Arie Slob in 2015. The Leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the Leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list. Outside election time the Leader can serves as the Opposition leader.","title":"Leader of the Christian Union"},{"psg_id":"9521287","text":"two parties which merged to form the Liberal Democrats, the Liberal Party and the SDP, served as joint interim leaders. In the event that the leader dies, resigns or loses his or her seat in Parliament, the deputy leader (if there is one) serves as interim leader until a leadership election takes place. This has occurred twice, with Menzies Campbell serving as interim leader following the resignation of Charles Kennedy (Campbell was elected leader in the ensuing election) and Vince Cable serving as interim leader following Campbell's resignation. The current leader is Vince Cable, who was elected unopposed following the","title":"Leader of the Liberal Democrats"},{"psg_id":"9347269","text":"The Future Is Now The Future Is Now is the debut album by the New York City hip hop group Non Phixion, released in March 2002 on Uncle Howie Records. The album garnered acclaim among critics and fans, and is considered to be an underground classic. A double disc \"Platinum Edition\" of the album was released in 2004, with the second disc featuring instrumental versions of the fourteen full-length tracks found on disc one. \"The Future Is Now\" features an all-star production lineup, including legends such as DJ Premier, Pete Rock, Large Professor and JuJu of The Beatnuts, as well","title":"The Future Is Now"},{"psg_id":"11010444","text":"preserve an estimated eighty to ninety percent of the film during their restoration. Once the pair had completed their work, the film, now with a reduced length of 62 minutes, was broadcast on Serbian television after many decades of being considered lost. The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe (, ), or simply Karađorđe (Карађорђе), is a 1911 silent film which was the first feature-length motion picture made in Serbia and the Balkans. Directed by Ilija Stanojević, who also acted in it, the film depicts the life of early","title":"The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe"},{"psg_id":"3247048","text":"opposition has changed. Now, though the leader of the largest non-Government party still becomes the Leader of the Opposition, there will usually be several parties who are \"in opposition\". An example of this arose after the 2002 general election, when the National Party gained only 27 seats, less than half the 58 seats held by opposition parties. This prompted calls from a number of parties, notably New Zealand First and the Greens, for the abolition or reform of the post. It was argued by these parties that the position had become an \"anachronism\" in the modern multi-party environment, and that","title":"Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)"},{"psg_id":"7999722","text":"Leader of the Pack \"Leader of the Pack\" is a song written by George \"Shadow\" Morton, Jeff Barry, and Ellie Greenwich. It was a number one pop hit in 1964 for the American girl group The Shangri-Las. The single is one of the group's best known songs as well as a popular cultural example of a \"teenage tragedy song\". The song was covered in 1985 by the heavy metal band Twisted Sister who had a moderate hit with their version. The tune of \"Leader of the Pack\" is credited to pop impresario George \"Shadow\" Morton together with Jeff Barry and","title":"Leader of the Pack"},{"psg_id":"6485741","text":"but the local variant is \"Wa-a-iddoo\" (). The noun for a single Scout is \"Kashaf\" (). Syrian Scouts have a national training center at Zabadani, where the first Arab Jamboree was held in 1954. Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country","title":"Scouts of Syria"},{"psg_id":"17536291","text":"Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons The Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons () is a United States Senate Joint Resolution that would have authorized President Barack Obama to use the American military to intervene in the ongoing Syrian Civil War. The bill was filed by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid on September 6, 2013 in a specially scheduled pro forma Senate session that took place during the last week of the August recess.","title":"Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons"},{"psg_id":"11756542","text":"Media of Syria The media of Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available in English and French. While television is the most popular medium in Syria, the Internet has become a widely utilized vehicle to disseminate content. Transcending all available media, the government seeks to control what Syrians see by restricting coverage from outside sources. Publications and broadcasts are monitored by members of the government. Syria is ranked as one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. There were","title":"Media of Syria"},{"psg_id":"10734006","text":"Now Is the Month of Maying \"Now is the month of maying\" is one of the most famous of the English balletts (a light dancelike part song similar to a madrigal, frequently with a 'fa-la-la' chorus). It was written by Thomas Morley and published in 1595. It is based on the canzonet \"So ben mi ch'a bon tempo\" used by Orazio Vecchi in his 1590 \"Selva di varia ricreatione\". It was printed in Thomas Morley's \"First Book of Ballets to Five Voyces\" (1595). The song delights in bawdy double-entendre. It is apparently about spring dancing, but this is a metaphor","title":"Now Is the Month of Maying"},{"psg_id":"10593176","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Dominica) The Leader of the Opposition of the Commonwealth of Dominica is the Member of Parliament who leads the Official Opposition in the House of Assembly of Dominica. The current Leader of the Opposition is Hector John of the United Workers' Party, sworn in 19 July 2010; John is the youngest to hold the position. Chapter IV Section 66 of The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Dominica provides: The House of Assembly did not have a Leader of the Opposition in early 2010, following the results of the 2009 general election. The leader of the opposition","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Dominica)"},{"psg_id":"17038750","text":"The Prime Minister selects the members of the composition of the Cabinet from elected members of the Assembly, except for the Attorney General who may not be an elected member of the Assembly. The political party or alliance which has the second largest majority forms the Official Opposition and its leader is normally nominated by the President of the Republic as the Leader of the Opposition. According to Section 73 of the Constitution of Mauritius, there shall be a Leader of the Opposition who shall be appointed by the President, where the President has occasion to appoint a Leader of","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius)"},{"psg_id":"18972721","text":"Al-Hasakah. In October 2016, a Russian initiative for federalization with a focus on northern Syria was reported, which at its core called to turn the existing institutions of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria into legitimate institutions of Syria; also reported was its rejection for the time being by the Syrian government. On 23 November, clashes broke out between the Asayish and government forces in Qamishli, resulting in the deaths of at 2 Syrian soldiers, including an officer. In an interview in March 2017, Zaynab Jamil Kanbar, the co-leader of the Manbij administration council, which was created on 12 March,","title":"DFNS–Syria relations"},{"psg_id":"2149918","text":"Leader of the House of Lords The Leader of the House of Lords is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Lords. The role is always held in combination with a formal Cabinet position, usually one of the sinecure offices of Lord President of the Council, Lord Privy Seal or Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Unless the Leader is also a departmental minister, being Leader constitutes the bulk of his or her government responsibilities, but it has never been an independent salaried office. The Office of","title":"Leader of the House of Lords"},{"psg_id":"20691349","text":"Laschet and Thomas Strobl. A list of leaders since 1946 Leader of the Christian Democratic Union The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (\"Vorsitzender der Christlich Demokratischen Union\") is the most senior political figure within the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. Since 7 December 2018, the office has been held by Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer who is the second female leader of the party, following her immediate predecessor Angela Merkel. The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union Party is supported by a General Secretary who, since 2018, has been Paul Ziemiak. Furthermore, the leader is supported by five deputy leaders: these currently","title":"Leader of the Christian Democratic Union"},{"psg_id":"20691348","text":"Leader of the Christian Democratic Union The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (\"Vorsitzender der Christlich Demokratischen Union\") is the most senior political figure within the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. Since 7 December 2018, the office has been held by Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer who is the second female leader of the party, following her immediate predecessor Angela Merkel. The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union Party is supported by a General Secretary who, since 2018, has been Paul Ziemiak. Furthermore, the leader is supported by five deputy leaders: these currently are Ursula von der Leyen, Volker Bouffier, Julia Klöckner, Armin","title":"Leader of the Christian Democratic Union"},{"psg_id":"17038751","text":"the Opposition, he shall in his own deliberate judgment appoint – Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius) The Leader of the Opposition () of the Republic of Mauritius is the Member of Parliament who leads the Opposition party in the National Assembly. This office is a constitutional one guaranteed by the laws of the country. The current office holder becomes automatically 7th in the order of precedence. The current Leader of the Opposition is Xavier-Luc Duval who was appointed by President Ameenah Gurib on December 20, 2016. The political party or party alliance which wins the majority of seats in Parliament","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius)"},{"psg_id":"18356780","text":"Issus which took place south of the ancient town Issus, close to the present-day Turkish town of Iskenderun. Syria was then incorporated into the Seleucid Empire by general Seleucus who started, with the Seleucid Kings after him, using the title of \"King of Syria\". The capital of this Empire (founded in 312 BCE) was situated at Antioch, then a part of historical Syria, but just inside the Turkish border today as well. A series of six wars, Syrian Wars, were fought between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the","title":"History of Syria"},{"psg_id":"18356793","text":"who moved the capital of empire to Baghdad. Arabic — made official under Umayyad rule — became the dominant language, replacing Greek and Aramaic in the Abbasid era. For periods, Syria was ruled from Egypt, under the Tulunids (887-905), and then, after a period of anarchy, the Ikhshidids (941-969). Northern Syria came under the Hamdanids of Aleppo. The court of Ali Saif al-Daula, 'Sword of the State,' (944-967) was a center of culture, thanks to its nurturing of Arabic literature. He resisted Byzantine efforts to reconquer Syria by skillful defensive tactics and counter-raids into Anatolia. After his death, the Byzantines","title":"History of Syria"},{"psg_id":"15972983","text":"a son Cinyras. Phaethon of Syria In Greek mythology, Phaethon (; Ancient Greek: Φαέθων, \"Phaéthōn\", ]) was a son of Eos by Cephalus or Tithonus, born in Syria. Aphrodite stole him away while he was no more than a child to be the night-watchman at her most sacred shrines. The Minoans called him \"Adymus\", by which they meant the morning and evening star. Phaethon was the father of Astynous, who in his turn became father of Sandocus. Sandocus migrated from Syria to Cilicia where he founded a city Celenderis; he then married Pharnace, daughter of King Megassares of Hyria, and","title":"Phaethon of Syria"},{"psg_id":"15972982","text":"Phaethon of Syria In Greek mythology, Phaethon (; Ancient Greek: Φαέθων, \"Phaéthōn\", ]) was a son of Eos by Cephalus or Tithonus, born in Syria. Aphrodite stole him away while he was no more than a child to be the night-watchman at her most sacred shrines. The Minoans called him \"Adymus\", by which they meant the morning and evening star. Phaethon was the father of Astynous, who in his turn became father of Sandocus. Sandocus migrated from Syria to Cilicia where he founded a city Celenderis; he then married Pharnace, daughter of King Megassares of Hyria, and had by her","title":"Phaethon of Syria"},{"psg_id":"1615353","text":"every Thursday. When there is either no Deputy Prime Minister or First Secretary of State, the Leader of the House may stand in for an absent Prime Minister at Prime Minister's Questions. The Osmotherly Rules, which set out guidance on how civil servants should respond to parliamentary select committees, are jointly administered by the Office of the Leader of the House of Commons and the Cabinet Office. Leader of the House of Commons The Leader of the House of Commons is generally a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the","title":"Leader of the House of Commons"},{"psg_id":"2149925","text":"2nd Viscount Hailsham also being designated \"Minister for Science\" or Margaret Baroness Jay also being \"Minister for Women\". The first female Leader of the Lords was Janet Young, Baroness Young in 1981–1983. \"Because the post is a parliamentary one and not a ministerial office in its own right, it is not always included in official lists of government offices, especially for earlier periods. This can make it difficult to determine who the Leader of the House of Lords was in a particular ministry.\" Leader of the House of Lords The Leader of the House of Lords is a member of","title":"Leader of the House of Lords"},{"psg_id":"13311225","text":"8. to the \"Knesset law\" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became the person which the largest faction of the Opposition selected: Leader of the Opposition (Israel) The Leader of the Opposition (, \"Yoshev Rosh Ha-Opozitzya\") is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in the Israeli legislative body, the Knesset. Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition used to be the leader of the largest party not within the government, which was also the second largest party in the Israeli","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Israel)"},{"psg_id":"12800330","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Thailand) The Leader of the Opposition (; ) is the politician in the politics of Thailand who leads the main minority party in the House of Representatives. Following the Westminster style parliamentary system, Thailand has had an official Leader of the Opposition since 1975. Under the 2007 Constitution the Leader of the Opposition was given an official role within the Thai political system. The constitution stipulates that the Leader of the Opposition must be selected after the Prime Minister and the Cabinet has taken office. To be nominated as candidate one must be the leader of","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Thailand)"},{"psg_id":"9821558","text":"never served as Chairman or General Secretary, his highest post being Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission. References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CPC leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below: Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \"by right of office\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's","title":"Leader of the Communist Party of China"},{"psg_id":"10734007","text":"for making love/sex. For example, a \"barley-break\" would have suggested outdoor sexual activity (rather like we might say a \"roll in the hay\"). The use of such imagery and puns increased during the Renaissance. The ballett forms a key part of Oxford's May Morning celebrations, where the choir of Magdalen College sing the verses from the roof of the college's Great Tower. Now Is the Month of Maying \"Now is the month of maying\" is one of the most famous of the English balletts (a light dancelike part song similar to a madrigal, frequently with a 'fa-la-la' chorus). It was","title":"Now Is the Month of Maying"},{"psg_id":"9712985","text":"Leader of the Band \"Leader of the Band\" is a song written by Dan Fogelberg from his 1981 album \"The Innocent Age\". The song was written as a tribute to his father, Lawrence Fogelberg, a musician and the leader of a band, who was still alive at the time the song was released. Lawrence died in August 1982, but not before this hit song made him a celebrity with numerous media interviews interested in him as its inspiration. Released as a single at the end of 1981, the tribute peaked at #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in March","title":"Leader of the Band"},{"psg_id":"19629075","text":"31, 2012. Andrei Frolov is a member of the Russian Cultural Centre Trust in Christchurch. Now is the Hour (TV series) Now is the Hour is a mockumentary television series starring New Zealand singer Deane Waretini who had a #1 hit with The Bridge in 1981. In the series, Dean Waretini is a 65 year old taxi driver. The seven part comedy series, which is about Waretini, is a blurring of fact and fiction. Besides Waretini, it also features Orlando, the manager from \"Wayne Anderson - Singer of Songs\", and a former Russian nuclear physicist. It has a \"road trip\"","title":"Now is the Hour (TV series)"},{"psg_id":"10298658","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka) The Leader of the Opposition in Sri Lanka is the politician who leads the main opposition party. This is the leader of the largest party not within the government, usually the leader of the second largest party in the Parliament. The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. Mahinda Rajapaksa is the opposition leader, since 18 December 2018 The Leader of the Opposition is ranked at the level of a Cabinet Minister in the order of precedence. In 2016, the","title":"Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9347271\",\n \"text\": \"Kill Me\\\". \\\"Black Helicopters\\\" was the only charting single from the album, peaking at #46 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. Futurama The C.I.A Is Trying to Kill Me Drug Music If You Got Love Rock Stars Say Goodbye to Yesterday Black Helicopters Strange Universe Cult Leader It's Us Suicide Bomb We Are the Future The Future Is Now The Future Is Now is the debut album by the New York City hip hop group Non Phixion, released in March 2002 on Uncle Howie Records. The album garnered acclaim among critics and fans, and is considered to be an underground\",\n \"title\": \"The Future Is Now\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5148722\",\n \"text\": \"parliament described Ghadry as not being a \\\"major figure\\\", and was perplexed by U.S. backing of him. Similarly Haitham al-Maleh, who would later become a senior figure in the Syrian National Council, viewed Ghadry as an \\\"opportunist\\\". Reform Party of Syria The Reform Party of Syria ( \\\"Ḥizb Al-Iṣlāḥ Al-Sūrīy\\\"), or RPS is a Syrian political party and lobby group based in the United States that was active in the mid to late 2000s. Its leader Farid Ghadry is a United States citizen and has been described as \\\"controversial\\\" by \\\"Al Jazeera\\\". The RPS claims to have been formed in\",\n \"title\": \"Reform Party of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20960410\",\n \"text\": \"‘’The Walking Dead’’ has gotten, and while I was worried before (and still have some doubts) I don’t think it’s going to suffer too much without Rick. His “death” serves as an interesting catalyst for character growth throughout the community, as they no longer have the luxury of one leader calling all the shots.” \\\"Who Are You Now?\\\" received a total viewership of 5.40 million with a 2.0 rating in adults aged 18-49. It was the highest-rated cable program of the night, and the episode was steady in viewership from the previous week. Who Are You Now? (The Walking Dead)\",\n \"title\": \"Who Are You Now? (The Walking Dead)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12389053\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Leader of the Labour Party is the most senior political figure within the Labour Party in the United Kingdom. Since 12 September 2015, the office has been held by Jeremy Corbyn; who has represented the constituency of Islington North since 1983. Harriet Harman was the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and also Acting Leader since the resignation of Ed Miliband on 8 May 2015 following Labour's defeat at the 2015 general election. On 12 September 2015, she was replaced by Jeremy Corbyn, who won the Labour leadership election. Tom Watson is now\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Labour Party (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8737612\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Jews in Syria Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited Syria from early times and the Sephardim who fled to Syria after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1492 AD). There were large communities in Aleppo, Damascus, and Qamishli for centuries. In the early 20th century, a large percentage of Syrian Jews immigrated to Israel, the U.S., and Latin America. The largest Syrian-Jewish community is located in Israel and is estimated at 80,000. Following the Syrian Civil War and rise of ISIL, the majority of the remaining Jews of Syria have fled\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18356795\",\n \"text\": \"of Antioch (1098-1268) and County of Tripoli (1109-1289). The area was also threatened by Shi'a extremists known as Assassins (\\\"Hassassin\\\") and in 1260 the Mongols briefly swept through Syria. The withdrawal of the main Mongol army prompted the Mamluks of Egypt to invade and conquer Syria. In addition to the sultanate's capital in Cairo, the Mamluk leader, Baibars, made Damascus a provincial capital, with the cities linked by a mail service that traveled by both horses and carrier pigeons. The Mamluks eliminated the last of the Crusader footholds in Syria and repulsed several Mongol invasions. In 1400, Timur Lenk, or\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18356830\",\n \"text\": \"EU regard as terrorist groups. In 2003 the US threatened sanctions if Damascus failed to make what Washington called the \\\"right decisions\\\". Syria denied US allegations that it was developing chemical weapons and helping fugitive Iraqis. An Israeli air strike against a Palestinian militant camp near Damascus in October 2003 was described by Syria as \\\"military aggression\\\". President Assad visited Turkey in January 2004, the first Syrian leader to do so. The trip marked the end of decades of frosty relations, although ties were to sour again after 2011. In May 2004, the USA imposed economic sanctions on Syria over\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2473045\",\n \"text\": \"Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \\\"muwashshah\\\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \\\"muwashshah\\\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to be the ancestor of the European\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2473049\",\n \"text\": \"well as oriental dance for women. Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \\\"muwashshah\\\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \\\"muwashshah\\\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5280316\",\n \"text\": \"and Lake Kinneret, now called Tiberias, and then the Jordan River which discharges into the salt sea, now called the Dead Sea. Libanius (died 392 CE) was born at Antioch, the capital of Coele Syria as it is called. This city was founded by Seleucus surnamed Nicator. Coele-Syria Coele-Syria, Coele Syria, Coelesyria (, \\\"Koílē Syría\\\"), also rendered as Coelosyria and Celesyria, otherwise Hollow Syria (, ), was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. It probably derived from the Aramaic for \\\"all\\\" of the region of Syria but more often was applied to the Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and\",\n \"title\": \"Coele-Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5282833\",\n \"text\": \"other brother Ptolemy X. In 102 BC, Cleopatra III decided to establish an alliance with Antiochus VIII of Seleucid Syria; Cleopatra Selene was sent as his bride and stayed with him until his assassination in 96 BC. The now widowed queen decided to marry Antiochus VIII's brother Antiochus IX, but she lost her new husband in 95 BC. Her last marriage was to her stepson, Antiochus IX's heir Antiochus X, who disappeared from the records and is presumed to have died in 92 BC. Cleopatra Selene hid somewhere in Syria with her children until 83/82 BC (230 Seleucid year (SE)),\",\n \"title\": \"Cleopatra Selene of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5352921\",\n \"text\": \"Now Is the Time Now Is the Time is the second studio album by Alanis Morissette, released only in Canada on August 1, 1992. It was the final album for MCA Records Canada. Morissette recorded the album with Leslie Howe, who produced her debut album, \\\"Alanis\\\" (1991). In 1995 Morissette released her Grammy winning-international acclaimed debut album \\\"Jagged Little Pill\\\" through U.S. label Maverick Records. Executives at Maverick persuaded MCA Records to withdraw all copies of \\\"Alanis\\\" and \\\"Now Is the Time\\\" from circulation, and they did not mention either album in the promotional material for \\\"Jagged Little Pill\\\". According\",\n \"title\": \"Now Is the Time\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5148721\",\n \"text\": \"Reform Party of Syria The Reform Party of Syria ( \\\"Ḥizb Al-Iṣlāḥ Al-Sūrīy\\\"), or RPS is a Syrian political party and lobby group based in the United States that was active in the mid to late 2000s. Its leader Farid Ghadry is a United States citizen and has been described as \\\"controversial\\\" by \\\"Al Jazeera\\\". The RPS claims to have been formed in response to 9/11. It is a member of fellow lobbying organization the Coalition Against Terrorist Media. WikiLeaks cables released revealed that Ghadry and his organization were viewed as \\\"unwelcome\\\" by Riad Seif, and a Syrian member of\",\n \"title\": \"Reform Party of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7937268\",\n \"text\": \"Who Then Now? Who Then Now? is a platinum-certified biographical video released by the band Korn on March 18, 1997. It features interviews with the band up to the recording of \\\"Life Is Peachy\\\", and music videos for \\\"Blind\\\", \\\"Shoots and Ladders\\\", \\\"Clown\\\" and \\\"Faget\\\". The last video, \\\"Faget\\\", like \\\"Good God\\\", was never released. The original VHS is out of production, but it can be found in its entirety on the follow-up release, \\\"Deuce\\\", which effectively picks up where \\\"Who Then Now?\\\" left off and follows the band up to the recording of \\\"Untouchables\\\". Korn re-released \\\"Who Then Now?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Who Then Now?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16626743\",\n \"text\": \"value) as he sold, buying and selling of shares, mostly in Qatar National Bank–Syria and Syria International Islamic Bank. WikiLeaks leader Julian Assange said of the files that \\\"it helps us not merely to criticise one group or another, but to understand their interests, actions and thoughts. It is only through understanding this conflict that we can hope to resolve it.\\\" On September 9, 2016, reporters from \\\"The Daily Dot\\\" broke a story describing unsealed U.S. court documents showing that the leaked version of the Syria Files omitted records of a €2 billion transfer from the Central Bank of Syria\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Files\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5280301\",\n \"text\": \"Coele-Syria Coele-Syria, Coele Syria, Coelesyria (, \\\"Koílē Syría\\\"), also rendered as Coelosyria and Celesyria, otherwise Hollow Syria (, ), was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. It probably derived from the Aramaic for \\\"all\\\" of the region of Syria but more often was applied to the Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountain ranges. The area now forms part of the modern nations of Lebanon and Syria. It is widely accepted that the term Coele is a transcription of Aramaic \\\"kul\\\", meaning \\\"all, the entire\\\", such that the term originally identified \\\"all\\\" of Syria. The word \\\"Coele\\\", which\",\n \"title\": \"Coele-Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8737664\",\n \"text\": \"International Religious Freedom Report. As of December 2014, fewer than 50 Jews remained in the area due increasing violence and war. In October 2015, with the threat of ISIS nearby, nearly all of the remaining Jews in Aleppo were rescued in a covert operation and moved to Ashkelon, Israel. It was estimated in November 2015 that only 18 Jews remain in Syria. History of the Jews in Syria Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited Syria from early times and the Sephardim who fled to Syria after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1492 AD).\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2615911\",\n \"text\": \"1 September 1920, after which Syria was split into separate territories, each eventually given its own flag. The Prime Minister of Syria under French Mandate, Jamil al-Ulshi, adopted the new flag on 22 June 1920. This flag was in use until 1930. The third and final flag under the French Mandate was adopted by Prime Minister Taj al-Din al-Hasani in 1930 and was used until 1 January 1932. The flag of the newly established Syrian Republic, under the French mandate was determined by the 1930 constitution. The constitution was drafted by a parliamentary committee led by nationalist leader Ibrahim Hananu.\",\n \"title\": \"Flag of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7937269\",\n \"text\": \"in its entirety on DVD on July 14, 2009. It does not include any new extra features. Who Then Now? Who Then Now? is a platinum-certified biographical video released by the band Korn on March 18, 1997. It features interviews with the band up to the recording of \\\"Life Is Peachy\\\", and music videos for \\\"Blind\\\", \\\"Shoots and Ladders\\\", \\\"Clown\\\" and \\\"Faget\\\". The last video, \\\"Faget\\\", like \\\"Good God\\\", was never released. The original VHS is out of production, but it can be found in its entirety on the follow-up release, \\\"Deuce\\\", which effectively picks up where \\\"Who Then Now?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Who Then Now?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19941196\",\n \"text\": \"local councils of the Jazira Region, Euphrates Region and Afrin Region will be held in December 2017. The regions act as the primary sub-division for a \\\"future decentralized system of federal governance in Syria.\\\" Article 7 of the Constitution of the DFNS states: Since the adoption of the Constitution, only the Shahba region (now the Shahba canton of the Afrin Region) has been added to the federation in March 2016. The YPG has controlled Sheikh Maqsood since 2012, but this territory has never been incorporated into the North Syria Federation. Regions of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria The Regions\",\n \"title\": \"Regions of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5352925\",\n \"text\": \"with my moving from Canada and moving away from any preconceived notions of how songs 'should' be written. It was the beginning of a new way to approach songwriting altogether.\\\" Now Is the Time Now Is the Time is the second studio album by Alanis Morissette, released only in Canada on August 1, 1992. It was the final album for MCA Records Canada. Morissette recorded the album with Leslie Howe, who produced her debut album, \\\"Alanis\\\" (1991). In 1995 Morissette released her Grammy winning-international acclaimed debut album \\\"Jagged Little Pill\\\" through U.S. label Maverick Records. Executives at Maverick persuaded MCA\",\n \"title\": \"Now Is the Time\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19434464\",\n \"text\": \"escape from the conflict zone is cut short, witnessing the toll the war has taken on them. Though he could now articulate an answer to Nyhad’s piteous question, it no longer needs to be said. An Ishmael of Syria An Ishmael of Syria is the first novel by Syrian author Asaad Almohammad. Published in 2016, it tells the story of Adam, a young man from Raqqa city, and follows his journey across Syria, Lebanon, and Malaysia, for the period between 1989 and 2015. With the refugee crisis, the Syrian conflict, and radicalisation at the centre of international affairs, Adam, an\",\n \"title\": \"An Ishmael of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8737645\",\n \"text\": \"decline. Beginning around 1850, and with increasing frequency until the First World War, many families left Syria for Egypt, and later moved from there to Manchester in England, often following the cotton trade. Later still a considerable number left Manchester for Latin America, in particular Mexico and Argentina. Jews continued to emigrate from Syria into the early 20th century. From around 1908, many Syrian Jews migrated to New York City, where the Brooklyn community is now the world's largest single Syrian Jewish community. For these communities at the present day, see Syrian Jews. With anti-Jewish feeling reaching a climax in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2642994\",\n \"text\": \"Wales Green Party has a Leader, Pippa Bartalotti, and Deputy Leader Chris Were. The North West of England appointed a Leader some years ago in the run up to a European election but this has now been abandoned. However, some regional and local groups have adopted the gender balance principle and emulated the Principal Speaker structure, including the LSE Students' Union Green Party, who have a Female and Male Co-Chair. Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales The Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales is the most senior political figure within the Green Party of\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8970110\",\n \"text\": \"and called on their supporters to boycott the elections. As of 2008 the President is the Regional Secretary of the Ba'ath party in Syria and leader of the National Progressive Front governing coalition. Outside of the coalition are 14 illegal Kurdish political parties. Syria's judicial branches include the Supreme Constitutional Court, the High Judicial Council, the Court of Cassation, and the State Security Courts. Islamic jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system has elements of Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws. Syria has three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional\",\n \"title\": \"Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10454167\",\n \"text\": \"The Cleveland Leader The Cleveland Leader was an online Cleveland-based news publication focused on covering Cleveland news, culture, and events, and other national and international interest stories. The \\\"Cleveland Leader\\\" was first created in 1854 by Edwin Cowles, who merged a variety of abolitionist, pre-Republican Party titles under the \\\"Leader\\\". From a program celebrating the opening of the Leader Building in 1913, \\\"In 1847 an anti-slavery Whig paper which had been published for about a year in Olmsted Falls, now, as then, a small village, was moved to Cleveland and changed from a weekly to a daily, retaining the name\",\n \"title\": \"The Cleveland Leader\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18356796\",\n \"text\": \"Tamerlane, invaded Syria, defeated the Mamluk army at Aleppo and captured Damascus. Many of the city's inhabitants were massacred, except for the artisans, who were deported to Samarkand. At this time the Christian population of Syria suffered persecution. By the end of the 15th century, the discovery of a sea route from Europe to the Far East ended the need for an overland trade route through Syria. In 1516, the Ottoman Empire conquered Syria. Ottoman Sultan Selim I conquered most of Syria in 1516 after defeating the Mamlukes at the Battle of Marj Dabiq near Aleppo. Syria was part of\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5352923\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Now Is the Time\\\", \\\"...I'm not scared people might hear these records. I never did \\\"Playboy\\\" centerfolds. There's nothing I regret. Maybe people will just understand that my lyrics are from different experiences if they hear those records. It validates [\\\"Jagged Little Pill\\\"] ... There was an element of me not being who I really was at the time and now i'm more experienced with my life. It was because I wasn't prepared to open up that way. The focus for me then was entertaining people and getting my feet wet in the business, it was about being young &\",\n \"title\": \"Now Is the Time\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6042572\",\n \"text\": \"Then and Now (The Who album) Then and Now is a 2004 greatest hits compilation album by The Who released internationally by Polydor Records and by Geffen Records in the United States. It features 18 Who classics and two new tracks—\\\"Real Good Looking Boy\\\" and \\\"Old Red Wine\\\"—which were the first Who originals since \\\"Dig\\\" from Pete Townshend's 1989 album \\\"\\\". \\\"Real Good Looking Boy\\\" is a tribute to Elvis Presley, and \\\"Old Red Wine\\\" is a tribute to former band member John Entwistle, who died in 2002. The album was re-released in 2007 and replaced \\\"Old Red Wine\\\" with\",\n \"title\": \"Then and Now (The Who album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17155466\",\n \"text\": \"The One Who Loves You Now \\\"The One Who Loves You Now\\\" is a song by Swedish recording artist and former ABBA member Agnetha Fältskog. It was released in Germany and Austria on as the first single off her 5th English solo album \\\"\\\"A\\\"\\\". Internationally, the first single from \\\"\\\"A\\\"\\\" was When You Really Loved Someone. The song was released as a single on CD in the United Kingdom on November 25, 2013. \\\"The One Who Loves You Now\\\" was written by Jörgen Elofsson together with Pär Westerlund a few years before Fältskog was approached to make a recording. Though\",\n \"title\": \"The One Who Loves You Now\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15289844\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Independent Members The Leader of the Independent Members, also referred to as Leader of the Independent Group, is a Member of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands who is officially recognised as leader of a group of MPs who are aligned neither with the government nor with the Official Opposition. The position is established by the Constitution of 1978, which has been in force since the country's independence from the United Kingdom. Article 66 of the Constitution creates the functions of Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Independent Members, which are separate. (While \\\"Leader of\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Independent Members\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7052655\",\n \"text\": \"of the Opposition in the Senate, who is elected / nominated separately. A list of the leaders of the Opposition before and according to the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan; Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan) The Leader of the Opposition (Urdu: قائد حزب اختلاف), is the people's elected politician who, by law, is the leader of the Official Opposition in Pakistan. The Leader of the Opposition also leads the Official Opposition to National Assembly of Pakistan, a lower house of Pakistan Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the largest party not within the government which is\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11828739\",\n \"text\": \"Malchus of Syria Saint Malchus of Syria (or Malchus of Chalcis, Malchus of Maronia) (died c. 390) is the subject of Saint Jerome's biography \\\"Life of Malchus the Captive Monk\\\" (\\\"Vita Malchi monachi captivi\\\"), written in Latin around 391/392 CE. According to Jerome, Malchus was a monk who was sold into slavery and forced to marry another slave. While never consummating the marriage, he escaped with his wife and returned to his monastery. Jerome interviewed Malchus at his home in Maronia, Syria, while Malchus and his wife were still alive. Malchus is commemorated 26 March by the Eastern Orthodox and\",\n \"title\": \"Malchus of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7087400\",\n \"text\": \"the Order in exchange for assistance from Jobert in the planned campaign there. Though Jobert supported the Egyptian policy, he is last mentioned in January 1177, and his successor, Roger de Moulins, did not agree with the plan, which was abandoned. Jobert of Syria Jobert of Syria (also known as Gilbert, Josberto, or Joubert) was the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller in Syria from 1172 to his death, which is thought to have occurred in 1177. He succeeded Cast de Murols (1170–1172), while Cast's predecessor, Gilbert d'Aissailly, who was still living, had been deposed. The memory of Gilbert\",\n \"title\": \"Jobert of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16249513\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica) The Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition in Jamaica is the leader of the largest political party which has not formed the current government. The Leader of the Opposition is seen as the alternative Prime Minister and leads the Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica. As of January 2012, Jamaica has had no Leader of the Opposition who has not also served as Prime Minister. P. J. Patterson and Donald Sangster are the only two of Jamaica's nine Prime Ministers who has not also served as Leader of the Opposition. The current holder of the post of Leader\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5520432\",\n \"text\": \"the Hama uprising of 1982, when thousands were killed by the military. Membership in the Syrian Brotherhood became a capital offence in Syria in the 1980 (under Emergency Law 49) and the Brotherhood was crushed, though it retained a network of support in the country, of unknown strength, and had external headquarters in London and Cyprus. In recent years it has renounced violence and adopted a reformist platform, calling for the establishment of a pluralistic, democratic political system. For many years the leader of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood was Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni, who lives as a political refugee in London.\",\n \"title\": \"Muslim Brotherhood of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5282850\",\n \"text\": \"generally accepted by the Syrians, and the people of Antioch invited Tigranes II to rule Syria, being frustrated by the Seleucids' constant civil wars. The year in which this event took place is debated; 83 BC is, without any proof, commonly accepted as Philip I's year of death by the majority of scholars who count on the account of Appian, who assigned a reign of fourteen years for Tigranes II, which ended in 69 BC. Oliver D. Hoover suggested that Tigranes II invaded Syria only in 74 BC, with Philip I ruling until 75 BC in Northern Syria, allowing Cleopatra\",\n \"title\": \"Cleopatra Selene of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2039458\",\n \"text\": \"breed Naxalism. More clarification followed on his Twitter account: \\\"I specifically referred to sick government schools in Naxal affected areas. Many who have turned to Naxalism have come from these schools. I did not say all Govt schools (where lakhs study) breed Naxalism. Great talents have emerged from these schools & I would never generalize.\\\" In March 2018, he faced criticism from political leaders for his commentary, where he said, India will turn into Syria if the Ram temple issue is not resolved soon. Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader) Ravi Shankar (born 13 May 1956) is an Indian spiritual leader. He\",\n \"title\": \"Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7087398\",\n \"text\": \"Jobert of Syria Jobert of Syria (also known as Gilbert, Josberto, or Joubert) was the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller in Syria from 1172 to his death, which is thought to have occurred in 1177. He succeeded Cast de Murols (1170–1172), while Cast's predecessor, Gilbert d'Aissailly, who was still living, had been deposed. The memory of Gilbert must have informed Jobert of how not to waste the Order's funds, for he seems to have been a responsible steward of the order's assets. He set aside property for the production of white bread for the poor at the hospital\",\n \"title\": \"Jobert of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6042574\",\n \"text\": \"at the end of some versions of \\\"My Generation\\\" from the 2000 tour. The riff was also played in a performance of the same song during Entwistle's last show, at the Royal Albert Hall on 8 February 2002. Portions of the song were also played sometimes after \\\"My Generation\\\" on the band's 2002 (after Entwistle's death), 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008 tours. Then and Now (The Who album) Then and Now is a 2004 greatest hits compilation album by The Who released internationally by Polydor Records and by Geffen Records in the United States. It features 18 Who classics and\",\n \"title\": \"Then and Now (The Who album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18790593\",\n \"text\": \"Abu Sayyaf (ISIL leader) Abu Sayyaf is the \\\"nom de guerre\\\" of a senior leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) who was described as overseeing gas and oil operations. United States authorities identified Abu Sayyaf's real name as Fathi Ben Awn Ben Jildi Murad al-Tunisi. Abu Sayyaf was killed on the night of May 15–16, 2015 while resisting capture during a United States Army Delta Force operation in eastern Syria. The operation was conducted to try to capture him and his wife on suspicion of their involvement in, or \\\"deep knowledge\\\" of, Islamic State hostage\",\n \"title\": \"Abu Sayyaf (ISIL leader)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16077309\",\n \"text\": \"increase in the strength of Syrian military technology worried Turkey, as it seemed feasible that Syria might attempt to retake Iskenderon, a formerly Syrian city now in Turkey. On the other hand, Syria and the USSR accused Turkey of massing its troops at the Syrian border. During this standoff, Communists gained more control over the Syrian government and military. Only heated debates in the United Nations (of which Syria was an original member) lessened the threat of war. Syria's political instability during the years after the 1954 coup, the parallelism of Syrian and Egyptian policies, and the appeal of Egyptian\",\n \"title\": \"Modern history of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8305270\",\n \"text\": \"New York. One of the most popular dances in Syria is the Dabkeh, a folk dance combining circle dancing and line dancing formed from right to left and headed by a leader which alternates between facing the audience and other dancers. It is mostly performed at weddings and other joyous occasions. Other popular folklore dances include the \\\"Arāḍa\\\" (Arabic: عراضة), a dance performed with swords as well as oriental dance for women. Traditional Houses of the Old Cities in Damascus, Aleppo and some other Syrian cities are preserved and traditionally the living quarters are arranged around one or more courtyards,\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2473048\",\n \"text\": \"There was formerly a distinctive tradition of Syrian Jewish religious music, which still flourishes in Syrian-Jewish communities around the world, such as New York City, Mexico City and Buenos Aires: see The Weekly Maqam, Baqashot and Pizmonim. One of the most popular dances in Syria is the Dabkeh, a folk dance combining circle dancing and line dancing formed from right to left and headed by a leader which alternates between facing the audience and other dancers. It is mostly performed at weddings and other joyous occasions. Other popular folklore dances include the \\\"Arāḍa\\\" (), a dance performed with swords as\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8737659\",\n \"text\": \"it was estimated that there were 4,000 Jews still in Syria. In November 1989, the Syrian government agreed to facilitate the emigration of 500 single Jewish women, who greatly outnumbered eligible Jewish men. During the 1991 Madrid peace conference, the United States pressured Syria to ease restriction on its Jewish population following heavy lobbying from Americans of Syrian-Jewish descent. As a result, Syria lifted many restrictions on its Jewish community, and allowed Jews to leave on condition that they not immigrate to Israel. Beginning on the Passover Holiday of 1992, 4,000 remaining members of the Damascus Jewish community (Arabic \\\"Yehud\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20900789\",\n \"text\": \"Dium (Coele-Syria) Dium or Dion () or Dia (Δία) was a city in ancient Coele-Syria mentioned by numerous ancient writers. According to Stephanus of Byzantium, the city was a foundation of Alexander the Great, and named after the city Dium in Macedon. According to the ancient sources, it was very close to Pella, which is now in modern Jordan. Stephanus notes that the city's water was unhealthy. Little is known about the history of the city. Like most of the Hellenistic cities in that region, it was subjugated to the Jews under Alexander Jannaeus, who conquered the town, which was\",\n \"title\": \"Dium (Coele-Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18356804\",\n \"text\": \"Faisal I of the Hashemite dynasty, who later became the king of Iraq. In March 1920, the Syrian National Congress proclaimed Faisal as king of Syria \\\"in its natural boundaries\\\" from the Taurus mountains in Turkey to the Sinai desert in Egypt. However, his rule in Syria ended after only a few months following a clash between his Syrian Arab forces and French forces at the Battle of Maysalun. French troops took control of Syria and forced Faisal to flee. Later that year the San Remo conference split up Faisal's kingdom by placing Syria-Lebanon under a French mandate, and Palestine\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18356806\",\n \"text\": \"pardoned. He returned to Syria in 1937 and was met with a huge public reception. Elections were held in 1928 for a constituent assembly, which drafted a constitution for Syria. However, the French High Commissioner rejected the proposals, sparking nationalist protests. Syria and France negotiated a treaty of independence in September 1936. France agreed to Syrian independence in principle although maintained French military and economic dominance. Hashim al-Atassi, who had been Prime Minister under King Faisal's brief reign, was the first president to be elected under a new constitution, effectively the first incarnation of the modern republic of Syria. However,\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7052654\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan) The Leader of the Opposition (Urdu: قائد حزب اختلاف), is the people's elected politician who, by law, is the leader of the Official Opposition in Pakistan. The Leader of the Opposition also leads the Official Opposition to National Assembly of Pakistan, a lower house of Pakistan Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the largest party not within the government which is usually the second largest political party in the National Assembly. In established democracies he or she is normally viewed as an alternative Prime Minister. There is also a Leader\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18912582\",\n \"text\": \"That Was Then, This Is Now (Josh Wilson album) That Was Then, This Is Now is the fourth studio album by Josh Wilson. Sparrow Records alongside distributor Capitol Christian Music Group released the album on July 31, 2015. Awarding the album four stars from \\\"CCM Magazine\\\", Rebekah Bell states, \\\"a great all-around album to listen to front to back\\\", where its \\\"a spiritually deep and thought-provoking collection.\\\" Amanda Furbeck, giving the album four stars at \\\"Worship Leader\\\", says, \\\"\\\"That Was Then, This Is Now\\\" exudes the excitement, enthusiasm, and charisma of a sinner who is thankful to be saved by\",\n \"title\": \"That Was Then, This Is Now (Josh Wilson album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18566642\",\n \"text\": \"said that I have intentionally not revealed the identity of (the boy who will become leader) character. And it's a funny thing because it's not for the reasons that people think. One thing I will happily tell everybody is that the character is not Hitler [laughs]. And the character is not Mussolini. It's someone else. And there's the dramatic event where you learn who this person is and that's something I want to save for people. Robert Pattinson is not playing Hitler as you now know [laughs]. I'll go on the record saying that. Corbet held auditions for the casting\",\n \"title\": \"The Childhood of a Leader (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19743919\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Christian Union The Leader of the Christian Union is the most senior politician within the Christian Union (, CU) in the Netherlands. The post is currently held by Gert-Jan Segers, who succeeded Arie Slob in 2015. The Leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the Leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list. Outside election time the Leader can serves as the Opposition leader. In the Christian Union the Leader is often the Parliamentary leader in the\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Christian Union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19464308\",\n \"text\": \"journalism. Syria Direct Syria Direct or Syria:direct, founded in 2013, is a non-governmental organization based in Amman, Jordan, providing news coverage on Syria's war and politics, and giving training to journalists. They have been funded by an American organization, the Global Peace and Development (GPD) Charitable Trust, and by the US State Department. \\\"Syria Direct\\\" is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information. \\\"Syria Direct\\\" employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Direct\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19464305\",\n \"text\": \"Syria Direct Syria Direct or Syria:direct, founded in 2013, is a non-governmental organization based in Amman, Jordan, providing news coverage on Syria's war and politics, and giving training to journalists. They have been funded by an American organization, the Global Peace and Development (GPD) Charitable Trust, and by the US State Department. \\\"Syria Direct\\\" is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information. \\\"Syria Direct\\\" employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day by\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Direct\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19629073\",\n \"text\": \"Now is the Hour (TV series) Now is the Hour is a mockumentary television series starring New Zealand singer Deane Waretini who had a #1 hit with The Bridge in 1981. In the series, Dean Waretini is a 65 year old taxi driver. The seven part comedy series, which is about Waretini, is a blurring of fact and fiction. Besides Waretini, it also features Orlando, the manager from \\\"Wayne Anderson - Singer of Songs\\\", and a former Russian nuclear physicist. It has a \\\"road trip\\\" theme to it. Along for the ride is Raewyn-Anne who is the founder of his\",\n \"title\": \"Now is the Hour (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7010598\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Scout Leader\\\" is now used. Other adult leaders in the Scout Troop are called \\\"Assistant Scout Leaders\\\". Terms used in other sections are \\\"Beaver Scout Leader\\\", \\\"Assistant Beaver Scout Leader\\\", \\\"Cub Scout Leader\\\", \\\"Assistant Cub Scout Leader\\\", \\\"Explorer Scout Leader\\\", \\\"Assistant Explorer Scout Leader\\\", and so on. The Scout Group is led by a \\\"Group Scout Leader\\\" and who may be assisted by an appointed \\\"Assistant Group Scout Leader\\\". When Rover Scouts existed, there were \\\"Rover Scout Leaders\\\" and \\\"Assistant Rover Scout Leaders\\\". Collectively all adult leaders are called \\\"Scouters\\\". One of the leaders may take on the role of\",\n \"title\": \"Scout leader\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17038749\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius) The Leader of the Opposition () of the Republic of Mauritius is the Member of Parliament who leads the Opposition party in the National Assembly. This office is a constitutional one guaranteed by the laws of the country. The current office holder becomes automatically 7th in the order of precedence. The current Leader of the Opposition is Xavier-Luc Duval who was appointed by President Ameenah Gurib on December 20, 2016. The political party or party alliance which wins the majority of seats in Parliament forms the government and its leader usually becomes the Prime Minister.\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15805155\",\n \"text\": \"Now Is Good Now Is Good is a 2012 British teen drama film directed by Ol Parker. Based on Jenny Downham’s 2007 novel \\\"Before I Die\\\", it was adapted by Parker who had recently written the screenplay for \\\"The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel\\\". The film, which stars Dakota Fanning, Jeremy Irvine and Paddy Considine, centres on Tessa, a girl who is dying of leukaemia and tries to enjoy her remaining life as much as she possibly can. The first trailer for the film was released on 5 March 2012. Tessa, a teen with terminal acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and her best\",\n \"title\": \"Now Is Good\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17155467\",\n \"text\": \"the song wasn't written with Fältskog in mind, it was one of the first songs that Elofsson played to her when discussing a possible future album project. Fältskog apparently liked the song very much and chose to record it as the very first track for her album \\\"A\\\". When asked about the final result, Pär Westerlund stated that the song \\\"sounds very good\\\" and that he was \\\"very proud to be involved in that project\\\". The One Who Loves You Now \\\"The One Who Loves You Now\\\" is a song by Swedish recording artist and former ABBA member Agnetha Fältskog.\",\n \"title\": \"The One Who Loves You Now\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18648145\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria The Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, officially titled Charter of the Social Contract, is the provisional constitution of the self-proclaimed autonomous region of Syria known as the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS). It was adopted on 29 January 2014, when the Democratic Union Party (PYD), claiming to represent the DFNS population, declared the three DFNS regions it controls autonomous from the Syrian government. Article 12 states the DFNS remains an \\\"integral part of Syria\\\", tentatively implementing an expected future federal Syrian governance in Northern Syria. The constitution has\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3246908\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom) The Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition (more commonly known as the Leader of the Opposition) is the politician who leads the official opposition in the United Kingdom. The Leader of the Opposition by convention leads the largest party not within the government: where one party wins outright this is the party leader of the second largest political party in the House of Commons. The current Leader of the Opposition is Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the Labour Party, who was elected to the leadership of the Labour Party on 12 September 2015. The\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15289845\",\n \"text\": \"the Opposition\\\" is a position found throughout the Commonwealth realms, \\\"Leader of the Independent Members\\\" is specific to Solomon Islands.) Both are officially appointed by the Governor-General, who appoints as Leader the Member of Parliament recognised as such by the Opposition, or by unaligned Members, respectively. The Governor-General may dismiss the Leader of the Independent Members if it appears he no longer enjoys the support of those members. The Leader of the Independent Members has no specific, constitutionally defined functions. The following have served as Leader of the Independent Members: Leader of the Independent Members The Leader of the Independent\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Independent Members\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3247096\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (India) The Leader of the Opposition is the politician who leads the official opposition in either House of the Parliament of India. While the position also existed in former Central Legislative Assembly of British India, and holders of it there included Motilal Nehru, it received statutory recognition through the \\\"Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977\\\" which defines the term \\\"Leader of the Opposition\\\" as that member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha who, for the time being, is the Leader of that House of the Party in Opposition to\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6485736\",\n \"text\": \"Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country was part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1924, a federation of Christian and Muslim associations from Lebanon and Syria became member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). In the 1930s and\",\n \"title\": \"Scouts of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16249514\",\n \"text\": \"of the Opposition is Peter Phillips as a result of his party's loss in the 2016 general election and his ascension to leader of the main opposition party in Jamaica in 2017, succeeding Portia Simpson Miller. Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica) The Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition in Jamaica is the leader of the largest political party which has not formed the current government. The Leader of the Opposition is seen as the alternative Prime Minister and leads the Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica. As of January 2012, Jamaica has had no Leader of the Opposition who has not also served\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15021832\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Greece) The Leader of the Opposition () is the politician who leads the official Opposition in Greece. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the largest party not within the government, which is usually the second largest political party in the Hellenic Parliament. One exception to this rule was during the Papademos government, when Antonis Samaras, leader of the New Democracy, despite supporting the new government, retained the position of Leader of the Opposition. According to the Standing Orders of the Hellenic Parliament (Art. 20) \\\"The President of the largest Parliamentary Group which\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Greece)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8970083\",\n \"text\": \"few months later, the Mamluks arrived with an army from Egypt and defeated the Mongols in the Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee. The Mamluk leader, Baibars, made Damascus a provincial capital. When he died, power was taken by Qalawun. In the meantime, an emir named Sunqur al-Ashqar had tried to declare himself ruler of Damascus, but he was defeated by Qalawun on 21 June 1280, and fled to northern Syria. Al-Ashqar, who had married a Mongol woman, appealed for help from the Mongols. The Mongols of the Ilkhanate took the city, but Qalawun persuaded Al-Ashqar to join him, and\",\n \"title\": \"Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19743920\",\n \"text\": \"House of Representatives. One Christian Union leader became a Minister in a Cabinet. Leader of the Christian Union The Leader of the Christian Union is the most senior politician within the Christian Union (, CU) in the Netherlands. The post is currently held by Gert-Jan Segers, who succeeded Arie Slob in 2015. The Leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the Leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list. Outside election time the Leader can serves as the Opposition leader.\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Christian Union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9521287\",\n \"text\": \"two parties which merged to form the Liberal Democrats, the Liberal Party and the SDP, served as joint interim leaders. In the event that the leader dies, resigns or loses his or her seat in Parliament, the deputy leader (if there is one) serves as interim leader until a leadership election takes place. This has occurred twice, with Menzies Campbell serving as interim leader following the resignation of Charles Kennedy (Campbell was elected leader in the ensuing election) and Vince Cable serving as interim leader following Campbell's resignation. The current leader is Vince Cable, who was elected unopposed following the\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Liberal Democrats\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9347269\",\n \"text\": \"The Future Is Now The Future Is Now is the debut album by the New York City hip hop group Non Phixion, released in March 2002 on Uncle Howie Records. The album garnered acclaim among critics and fans, and is considered to be an underground classic. A double disc \\\"Platinum Edition\\\" of the album was released in 2004, with the second disc featuring instrumental versions of the fourteen full-length tracks found on disc one. \\\"The Future Is Now\\\" features an all-star production lineup, including legends such as DJ Premier, Pete Rock, Large Professor and JuJu of The Beatnuts, as well\",\n \"title\": \"The Future Is Now\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11010444\",\n \"text\": \"preserve an estimated eighty to ninety percent of the film during their restoration. Once the pair had completed their work, the film, now with a reduced length of 62 minutes, was broadcast on Serbian television after many decades of being considered lost. The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe (, ), or simply Karađorđe (Карађорђе), is a 1911 silent film which was the first feature-length motion picture made in Serbia and the Balkans. Directed by Ilija Stanojević, who also acted in it, the film depicts the life of early\",\n \"title\": \"The Life and Deeds of the Immortal Leader Karađorđe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3247048\",\n \"text\": \"opposition has changed. Now, though the leader of the largest non-Government party still becomes the Leader of the Opposition, there will usually be several parties who are \\\"in opposition\\\". An example of this arose after the 2002 general election, when the National Party gained only 27 seats, less than half the 58 seats held by opposition parties. This prompted calls from a number of parties, notably New Zealand First and the Greens, for the abolition or reform of the post. It was argued by these parties that the position had become an \\\"anachronism\\\" in the modern multi-party environment, and that\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7999722\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Pack \\\"Leader of the Pack\\\" is a song written by George \\\"Shadow\\\" Morton, Jeff Barry, and Ellie Greenwich. It was a number one pop hit in 1964 for the American girl group The Shangri-Las. The single is one of the group's best known songs as well as a popular cultural example of a \\\"teenage tragedy song\\\". The song was covered in 1985 by the heavy metal band Twisted Sister who had a moderate hit with their version. The tune of \\\"Leader of the Pack\\\" is credited to pop impresario George \\\"Shadow\\\" Morton together with Jeff Barry and\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Pack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6485741\",\n \"text\": \"but the local variant is \\\"Wa-a-iddoo\\\" (). The noun for a single Scout is \\\"Kashaf\\\" (). Syrian Scouts have a national training center at Zabadani, where the first Arab Jamboree was held in 1954. Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country\",\n \"title\": \"Scouts of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17536291\",\n \"text\": \"Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons The Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons () is a United States Senate Joint Resolution that would have authorized President Barack Obama to use the American military to intervene in the ongoing Syrian Civil War. The bill was filed by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid on September 6, 2013 in a specially scheduled pro forma Senate session that took place during the last week of the August recess.\",\n \"title\": \"Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11756542\",\n \"text\": \"Media of Syria The media of Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available in English and French. While television is the most popular medium in Syria, the Internet has become a widely utilized vehicle to disseminate content. Transcending all available media, the government seeks to control what Syrians see by restricting coverage from outside sources. Publications and broadcasts are monitored by members of the government. Syria is ranked as one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. There were\",\n \"title\": \"Media of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10734006\",\n \"text\": \"Now Is the Month of Maying \\\"Now is the month of maying\\\" is one of the most famous of the English balletts (a light dancelike part song similar to a madrigal, frequently with a 'fa-la-la' chorus). It was written by Thomas Morley and published in 1595. It is based on the canzonet \\\"So ben mi ch'a bon tempo\\\" used by Orazio Vecchi in his 1590 \\\"Selva di varia ricreatione\\\". It was printed in Thomas Morley's \\\"First Book of Ballets to Five Voyces\\\" (1595). The song delights in bawdy double-entendre. It is apparently about spring dancing, but this is a metaphor\",\n \"title\": \"Now Is the Month of Maying\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10593176\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Dominica) The Leader of the Opposition of the Commonwealth of Dominica is the Member of Parliament who leads the Official Opposition in the House of Assembly of Dominica. The current Leader of the Opposition is Hector John of the United Workers' Party, sworn in 19 July 2010; John is the youngest to hold the position. Chapter IV Section 66 of The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Dominica provides: The House of Assembly did not have a Leader of the Opposition in early 2010, following the results of the 2009 general election. The leader of the opposition\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Dominica)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17038750\",\n \"text\": \"The Prime Minister selects the members of the composition of the Cabinet from elected members of the Assembly, except for the Attorney General who may not be an elected member of the Assembly. The political party or alliance which has the second largest majority forms the Official Opposition and its leader is normally nominated by the President of the Republic as the Leader of the Opposition. According to Section 73 of the Constitution of Mauritius, there shall be a Leader of the Opposition who shall be appointed by the President, where the President has occasion to appoint a Leader of\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18972721\",\n \"text\": \"Al-Hasakah. In October 2016, a Russian initiative for federalization with a focus on northern Syria was reported, which at its core called to turn the existing institutions of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria into legitimate institutions of Syria; also reported was its rejection for the time being by the Syrian government. On 23 November, clashes broke out between the Asayish and government forces in Qamishli, resulting in the deaths of at 2 Syrian soldiers, including an officer. In an interview in March 2017, Zaynab Jamil Kanbar, the co-leader of the Manbij administration council, which was created on 12 March,\",\n \"title\": \"DFNS–Syria relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2149918\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the House of Lords The Leader of the House of Lords is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Lords. The role is always held in combination with a formal Cabinet position, usually one of the sinecure offices of Lord President of the Council, Lord Privy Seal or Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Unless the Leader is also a departmental minister, being Leader constitutes the bulk of his or her government responsibilities, but it has never been an independent salaried office. The Office of\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the House of Lords\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20691349\",\n \"text\": \"Laschet and Thomas Strobl. A list of leaders since 1946 Leader of the Christian Democratic Union The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (\\\"Vorsitzender der Christlich Demokratischen Union\\\") is the most senior political figure within the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. Since 7 December 2018, the office has been held by Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer who is the second female leader of the party, following her immediate predecessor Angela Merkel. The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union Party is supported by a General Secretary who, since 2018, has been Paul Ziemiak. Furthermore, the leader is supported by five deputy leaders: these currently\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Christian Democratic Union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20691348\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Christian Democratic Union The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (\\\"Vorsitzender der Christlich Demokratischen Union\\\") is the most senior political figure within the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. Since 7 December 2018, the office has been held by Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer who is the second female leader of the party, following her immediate predecessor Angela Merkel. The Leader of the Christian Democratic Union Party is supported by a General Secretary who, since 2018, has been Paul Ziemiak. Furthermore, the leader is supported by five deputy leaders: these currently are Ursula von der Leyen, Volker Bouffier, Julia Klöckner, Armin\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Christian Democratic Union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17038751\",\n \"text\": \"the Opposition, he shall in his own deliberate judgment appoint – Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius) The Leader of the Opposition () of the Republic of Mauritius is the Member of Parliament who leads the Opposition party in the National Assembly. This office is a constitutional one guaranteed by the laws of the country. The current office holder becomes automatically 7th in the order of precedence. The current Leader of the Opposition is Xavier-Luc Duval who was appointed by President Ameenah Gurib on December 20, 2016. The political party or party alliance which wins the majority of seats in Parliament\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18356780\",\n \"text\": \"Issus which took place south of the ancient town Issus, close to the present-day Turkish town of Iskenderun. Syria was then incorporated into the Seleucid Empire by general Seleucus who started, with the Seleucid Kings after him, using the title of \\\"King of Syria\\\". The capital of this Empire (founded in 312 BCE) was situated at Antioch, then a part of historical Syria, but just inside the Turkish border today as well. A series of six wars, Syrian Wars, were fought between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18356793\",\n \"text\": \"who moved the capital of empire to Baghdad. Arabic — made official under Umayyad rule — became the dominant language, replacing Greek and Aramaic in the Abbasid era. For periods, Syria was ruled from Egypt, under the Tulunids (887-905), and then, after a period of anarchy, the Ikhshidids (941-969). Northern Syria came under the Hamdanids of Aleppo. The court of Ali Saif al-Daula, 'Sword of the State,' (944-967) was a center of culture, thanks to its nurturing of Arabic literature. He resisted Byzantine efforts to reconquer Syria by skillful defensive tactics and counter-raids into Anatolia. After his death, the Byzantines\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15972983\",\n \"text\": \"a son Cinyras. Phaethon of Syria In Greek mythology, Phaethon (; Ancient Greek: Φαέθων, \\\"Phaéthōn\\\", ]) was a son of Eos by Cephalus or Tithonus, born in Syria. Aphrodite stole him away while he was no more than a child to be the night-watchman at her most sacred shrines. The Minoans called him \\\"Adymus\\\", by which they meant the morning and evening star. Phaethon was the father of Astynous, who in his turn became father of Sandocus. Sandocus migrated from Syria to Cilicia where he founded a city Celenderis; he then married Pharnace, daughter of King Megassares of Hyria, and\",\n \"title\": \"Phaethon of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15972982\",\n \"text\": \"Phaethon of Syria In Greek mythology, Phaethon (; Ancient Greek: Φαέθων, \\\"Phaéthōn\\\", ]) was a son of Eos by Cephalus or Tithonus, born in Syria. Aphrodite stole him away while he was no more than a child to be the night-watchman at her most sacred shrines. The Minoans called him \\\"Adymus\\\", by which they meant the morning and evening star. Phaethon was the father of Astynous, who in his turn became father of Sandocus. Sandocus migrated from Syria to Cilicia where he founded a city Celenderis; he then married Pharnace, daughter of King Megassares of Hyria, and had by her\",\n \"title\": \"Phaethon of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1615353\",\n \"text\": \"every Thursday. When there is either no Deputy Prime Minister or First Secretary of State, the Leader of the House may stand in for an absent Prime Minister at Prime Minister's Questions. The Osmotherly Rules, which set out guidance on how civil servants should respond to parliamentary select committees, are jointly administered by the Office of the Leader of the House of Commons and the Cabinet Office. Leader of the House of Commons The Leader of the House of Commons is generally a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the House of Commons\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2149925\",\n \"text\": \"2nd Viscount Hailsham also being designated \\\"Minister for Science\\\" or Margaret Baroness Jay also being \\\"Minister for Women\\\". The first female Leader of the Lords was Janet Young, Baroness Young in 1981–1983. \\\"Because the post is a parliamentary one and not a ministerial office in its own right, it is not always included in official lists of government offices, especially for earlier periods. This can make it difficult to determine who the Leader of the House of Lords was in a particular ministry.\\\" Leader of the House of Lords The Leader of the House of Lords is a member of\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the House of Lords\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13311225\",\n \"text\": \"8. to the \\\"Knesset law\\\" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became the person which the largest faction of the Opposition selected: Leader of the Opposition (Israel) The Leader of the Opposition (, \\\"Yoshev Rosh Ha-Opozitzya\\\") is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in the Israeli legislative body, the Knesset. Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition used to be the leader of the largest party not within the government, which was also the second largest party in the Israeli\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Israel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12800330\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Thailand) The Leader of the Opposition (; ) is the politician in the politics of Thailand who leads the main minority party in the House of Representatives. Following the Westminster style parliamentary system, Thailand has had an official Leader of the Opposition since 1975. Under the 2007 Constitution the Leader of the Opposition was given an official role within the Thai political system. The constitution stipulates that the Leader of the Opposition must be selected after the Prime Minister and the Cabinet has taken office. To be nominated as candidate one must be the leader of\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Thailand)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9821558\",\n \"text\": \"never served as Chairman or General Secretary, his highest post being Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission. References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CPC leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below: Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \\\"by right of office\\\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Communist Party of China\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10734007\",\n \"text\": \"for making love/sex. For example, a \\\"barley-break\\\" would have suggested outdoor sexual activity (rather like we might say a \\\"roll in the hay\\\"). The use of such imagery and puns increased during the Renaissance. The ballett forms a key part of Oxford's May Morning celebrations, where the choir of Magdalen College sing the verses from the roof of the college's Great Tower. Now Is the Month of Maying \\\"Now is the month of maying\\\" is one of the most famous of the English balletts (a light dancelike part song similar to a madrigal, frequently with a 'fa-la-la' chorus). It was\",\n \"title\": \"Now Is the Month of Maying\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9712985\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Band \\\"Leader of the Band\\\" is a song written by Dan Fogelberg from his 1981 album \\\"The Innocent Age\\\". The song was written as a tribute to his father, Lawrence Fogelberg, a musician and the leader of a band, who was still alive at the time the song was released. Lawrence died in August 1982, but not before this hit song made him a celebrity with numerous media interviews interested in him as its inspiration. Released as a single at the end of 1981, the tribute peaked at #9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart in March\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Band\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19629075\",\n \"text\": \"31, 2012. Andrei Frolov is a member of the Russian Cultural Centre Trust in Christchurch. Now is the Hour (TV series) Now is the Hour is a mockumentary television series starring New Zealand singer Deane Waretini who had a #1 hit with The Bridge in 1981. In the series, Dean Waretini is a 65 year old taxi driver. The seven part comedy series, which is about Waretini, is a blurring of fact and fiction. Besides Waretini, it also features Orlando, the manager from \\\"Wayne Anderson - Singer of Songs\\\", and a former Russian nuclear physicist. It has a \\\"road trip\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Now is the Hour (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10298658\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka) The Leader of the Opposition in Sri Lanka is the politician who leads the main opposition party. This is the leader of the largest party not within the government, usually the leader of the second largest party in the Parliament. The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. Mahinda Rajapaksa is the opposition leader, since 18 December 2018 The Leader of the Opposition is ranked at the level of a Cabinet Minister in the order of precedence. In 2016, the\",\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["bashar al-assad"],"string":"[\n \"bashar al-assad\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1282,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was eli whitney education?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"122631","text":"devices, drawings of which are in his collected papers, were effective but were never manufactured for use of others due to his heirs' reluctance to trade in \"indelicate\" items. The Eli Whitney Students Program, Yale University's admissions program for non-traditional students, is named in honor of Whitney, who only began his studies there when he was 23, but went on to graduate Phi Beta Kappa in just three years. Eli Whitney Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution","title":"Eli Whitney"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122631\",\n \"text\": \"devices, drawings of which are in his collected papers, were effective but were never manufactured for use of others due to his heirs' reluctance to trade in \\\"indelicate\\\" items. The Eli Whitney Students Program, Yale University's admissions program for non-traditional students, is named in honor of Whitney, who only began his studies there when he was 23, but went on to graduate Phi Beta Kappa in just three years. Eli Whitney Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"122612","text":"the newly formed United States Army. He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825. Whitney was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, on December 8, 1765, the eldest child of Eli Whitney Sr., a prosperous farmer, and his wife Elizabeth Fay, also of Westborough. Although the younger Eli, born in 1765, could technically be called a \"Junior\", history has never known him as such. He was famous during his lifetime and afterward by the name \"Eli Whitney\". His son, born in 1820, also named Eli, was well known during his lifetime and afterward by the name \"Eli Whitney, Jr.\"","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"5429702","text":"Eli Whitney Museum The Eli Whitney Museum, in Hamden, Connecticut, is an experimental learning workshop for students, teachers, and families. The museum's main building is located on a portion of the Eli Whitney Gun Factory site, a gun factory erected by Eli Whitney in 1798. The museum focuses on teaching experiments that are the roots of design and invention, featuring hands-on building projects and exhibits on Whitney and A. C. Gilbert. The museum is located on grounds that were originally developed by Eli Whitney to produce muskets on a site he purchased on September 17, 1798. The factory was powered","title":"Eli Whitney Museum"},{"psg_id":"10524745","text":"Solutions of Several Problems in Aërodynamics\" (1882). He was a nephew of Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. He was also the father of scientist Eli Whitney Blake, Jr.. Eli Whitney Blake Eli Whitney Blake, Sr. (January 27, 1795 – August 18, 1886) was an American inventor, best known for his mortise lock and stone-crushing machine, the latter of which earned him a place into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Blake studied at Leicester Academy, and was graduated at Yale in 1816, after which he studied law with Judge Gould in Litchfield, Connecticut. But this he soon","title":"Eli Whitney Blake"},{"psg_id":"5429708","text":"put to work developing and teaching exhibitions and projects. Apprenticeship alumni include Jennifer Oxley (Emmy Award-winning children's TV creator), Emily Oster (Economist), and Joshua Revkin (Star World Champion sailor). Eli Whitney Museum The Eli Whitney Museum, in Hamden, Connecticut, is an experimental learning workshop for students, teachers, and families. The museum's main building is located on a portion of the Eli Whitney Gun Factory site, a gun factory erected by Eli Whitney in 1798. The museum focuses on teaching experiments that are the roots of design and invention, featuring hands-on building projects and exhibits on Whitney and A. C. Gilbert.","title":"Eli Whitney Museum"},{"psg_id":"11400598","text":"Eli Whitney, North Carolina Eli Whitney is an unincorporated community in southeastern Alamance County, North Carolina, USA. It is at the intersection of North Carolina Highway 87, and Greensboro-Chapel Hill Road. To the south is Mandale, North Carolina, and to the west is Snow Camp, North Carolina. The United States Postal Service considers Eli Whitney part of the Graham, North Carolina delivery area. Eli Whitney gained its name from the inventor of the cotton gin Eli Whitney. The reasoning for this was because there was once a cotton gin located in the community, but has been gone for many years","title":"Eli Whitney, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"13988851","text":"Eli Whitney Debevoise Eli Whitney Debevoise (December 14, 1899 – June 30, 1990) was a prominent New York lawyer who co-founded the law firm Debevoise & Plimpton and periodically served in a variety of high-profile government positions. Debevoise was born on December 14, 1899 in Manhattan, the son of Anne Farnam Whitney and Thomas McElrath Debevoise. He was named after his great-great grandfather, Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. He graduated from the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Conn., in 1917 and subsequently enlisted in the U.S. Army, eventually attaining the rank of second lieutenant. He graduated from Yale","title":"Eli Whitney Debevoise"},{"psg_id":"9105407","text":"Eli Whitney Blake Jr. Eli Whitney Blake Jr. (April 20, 1836 – January 10, 1895) was an American scientist. His father and namesake was an inventor and partner of the Blake Brothers manufacturing firm. The origin of the name Eli Whitney comes from Blake senior's uncle Eli Whitney, who changed the face of the cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin. Blake graduated from Yale in 1857, after which he spent a year at Sheffield Scientific School. He was a member of Skull and Bones, class of 1857. Following his time at Sheffield, he traveled to Europe, where","title":"Eli Whitney Blake Jr."},{"psg_id":"11400599","text":"now. Eli Whitney was once home to a school as well, but it too closed and was later demolished. The school's gymnasium was left standing and now serves as a community center. Eli Whitney is best known as the site of Uncle Eli's Quilting party, a one-day quilting and quilt show held annually since 1931. A historical marker stand outside the gym, where this event takes place the first Thursday in April. once invented the tucker bryant Eli Whitney, North Carolina Eli Whitney is an unincorporated community in southeastern Alamance County, North Carolina, USA. It is at the intersection of","title":"Eli Whitney, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"9105409","text":"of Science and other similar associations. He also contributed to various scientific periodicals, such as the \"American Journal of Science and Arts\". Eli Whitney Blake Jr. Eli Whitney Blake Jr. (April 20, 1836 – January 10, 1895) was an American scientist. His father and namesake was an inventor and partner of the Blake Brothers manufacturing firm. The origin of the name Eli Whitney comes from Blake senior's uncle Eli Whitney, who changed the face of the cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin. Blake graduated from Yale in 1857, after which he spent a year at Sheffield Scientific","title":"Eli Whitney Blake Jr."},{"psg_id":"122611","text":"Eli Whitney Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South. Whitney's invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost many profits in legal battles over patent infringement for the cotton gin. Thereafter, he turned his attention into securing contracts with the government in the manufacture of muskets for","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"10524742","text":"Eli Whitney Blake Eli Whitney Blake, Sr. (January 27, 1795 – August 18, 1886) was an American inventor, best known for his mortise lock and stone-crushing machine, the latter of which earned him a place into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Blake studied at Leicester Academy, and was graduated at Yale in 1816, after which he studied law with Judge Gould in Litchfield, Connecticut. But this he soon abandoned at the request of his uncle, Eli Whitney, who desired his assistance in erecting and organizing the gun factory at Whitneyville. Here he made important improvements in the machinery and","title":"Eli Whitney Blake"},{"psg_id":"5429705","text":"the days of Whitneyville and the operational armory, along with a reconstruction of Ithiel Town's innovative lattice truss covered bridge erected on the original pilings of one of the two bridges built to service the Eli Whitney Armory. The museum occupies a portion of the site, between Whitney Avenue and the Mill River, occupying a brick factory building built on the site in 1890. The barn and boarding house, located west of Whitney Avenue, are occupied by other nonprofit organizations. The Eli Whitney museum has exhibits on Whitney and his most famous invention, the cotton gin. Other exhibits cover the","title":"Eli Whitney Museum"},{"psg_id":"13988854","text":"rights activities. Notably, he was a founder of the International Commission of Jurists, one of the first global human rights organizations. Debevoise also served as chairman of Governor Nelson Rockefeller’s Committee to Review New York Laws and Procedures on Human Rights and helped craft the final report that was delivered in March 1968. Debevoise retired at the age of 87 and died at his home in Manhattan on June 30, 1990. The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds some of his papers. Eli Whitney Debevoise Eli Whitney Debevoise (December 14, 1899 – June 30, 1990) was a prominent","title":"Eli Whitney Debevoise"},{"psg_id":"5429706","text":"historic site and A. C. Gilbert, the inventor and toy maker best known for his invention of the erector set. The museum is an experimental learning workshop for design and specializes in building projects for children blending science and invention. The site is located adjacent to the dam first built by Eli Whitney to power the armory, then raised to its current height by Eli Whitney Blake to provide more power. The museum also features water tables with canal locks and is adjacent to a water reservoir as well as hiking trails. In addition to visitor hours, the museum hosts","title":"Eli Whitney Museum"},{"psg_id":"13753258","text":"Eli Whitney Debevoise II Eli Whitney Debevoise II (born February 8, 1953) was the U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group (April 6, 2007 – 2009). He is also a partner at Arnold & Porter LLP and served as Commissioner of the Maryland Port Commission in Baltimore. President George W. Bush nominated Debevoise to be U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group on February 16, 2007 to fill the vacancy left by Robert Holland and acting Executive Director Jennifer Dorn. On November 16, 2009 it was announced that he would be replaced by Ian Hoddy Solomon after his","title":"Eli Whitney Debevoise II"},{"psg_id":"122622","text":"difficulty of seed removal. But with the gin, growing cotton with slave labor became highly profitable – the chief source of wealth in the American South, and the basis of frontier settlement from Georgia to Texas. \"King Cotton\" became a dominant economic force, and slavery was sustained as a key institution of Southern society. Eli Whitney has often been incorrectly credited with inventing the idea of interchangeable parts, which he championed for years as a maker of muskets; however, the idea predated Whitney, and Whitney's role in it was one of promotion and popularizing, not invention. Successful implementation of the","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"13753263","text":"considers all loans, investments, country assistance strategies, budgets, audits and business plans of the World Bank Group entities. Borrowers include more than 125 countries and 300 companies and funds. Eli Whitney Debevoise II Eli Whitney Debevoise II (born February 8, 1953) was the U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group (April 6, 2007 – 2009). He is also a partner at Arnold & Porter LLP and served as Commissioner of the Maryland Port Commission in Baltimore. President George W. Bush nominated Debevoise to be U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group on February 16, 2007 to fill the","title":"Eli Whitney Debevoise II"},{"psg_id":"2901577","text":"revised memorials and take expeditions through what was then known as Indian Territory to support his cause. Later Whitney's dream was realized through the efforts of Theodore Judah. In the end, Whitney lived to see his dream realized in 1869 with the opening of the Union Pacific. Asa Whitney was born on March 14, 1797 in North Groton, Connecticut. His parents were Sarah Mitchell and Shubael Whitney. He is distantly related to Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. They were fifth cousins. For five generations, the Whitney family had been farmers. However, from a young age, Asa Whitney","title":"Asa Whitney"},{"psg_id":"13753262","text":"the Order of Rio Branco in 1997, which recognizes Brazilian and \"foreign individuals\" who have significantly contributed to the promotion of Brazil's international relations. Debevoise also handled cases in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization dispute settlement mechanism and at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, including cases establishing rulings on the allocation of arbital expenses and attorney's fees. Eli Whitney Debevoise was U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group from April 6, 2007 to October 2009. He represented the United States on a 24-member board representing 186 member countries that","title":"Eli Whitney Debevoise II"},{"psg_id":"13753260","text":"the American Bar Association, and the International Bar Association. He speaks Portuguese, Spanish, and French fluently, and holds an honorary law degree from Vermont Law School. He is the great, great grandson of Eli Whitney. After graduating from Harvard Law School, Debevoise clerked for the Hon. William J. Holloway, Jr., of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in 1978 through 1979. Debevoise started at Arnold & Porter, LLP as an associate in 1979 and practiced as a partner from 1986 to 2007. During this time, he increasingly specialized in international financial transactions, banking and international trade.","title":"Eli Whitney Debevoise II"},{"psg_id":"122618","text":"its development. Whitney received a patent (later numbered as X72) for his cotton gin on March 14, 1794, but it was not validated until 1807. Whitney and his partner, Miller, did not intend to sell the gins. Rather, like the proprietors of grist and sawmills, they expected to charge farmers for cleaning their cotton – two-fifths of the value, paid in cotton. Resentment at this scheme, the mechanical simplicity of the device and the primitive state of patent law, made infringement inevitable. Whitney and Miller could not build enough gins to meet demand, so gins from other makers found ready","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"15144629","text":"Eli Meltzer Eli Meltzer, (born September 26, 1979) better known by his stage name Smoov-E, is an American musician. He is from Summertown, Tennessee but moved to Sebastopol, California at a young age. Smoov-E a.k.a. Eli was born Eli Rafael Meltzer in Summertown, Tennessee on September 26, 1979 to Alan and Lee Meltzer. The youngest of 4 siblings, Eli, his three sisters, mom, and dad moved to Sebastopol when he was 4 years old. It was there that he grew up on the sounds of his parents' favorite records by artists such as The Talking Heads, The Police, Whitney Houston,","title":"Eli Meltzer"},{"psg_id":"19680014","text":"Whitney Shumate Whitney Shumate (July 16, 1896 - February 28, 1966) was a noted businessman and civic leader in Henry County, Virginia, and especially in Martinsville, Virginia. Whitney Shumate was born in Rock Run, Virginia, near Bassett, Virginia in rural Henry County, Virginia. His father was John Wesley Shumate and his mother was Martha Wells Shumate, who died soon after childbirth. His first name was given in honor of the inventor, Eli Whitney, but due to the sudden death of his mother, he never received a middle name. Whitney was the youngest of ten children. His father later remarried, to","title":"Whitney Shumate"},{"psg_id":"122626","text":"manufacturing techniques,\" possibly one of Honoré Blanc's reports, after which Whitney first began to talk about interchangeability. In May 1798, Congress voted for legislation that would use eight hundred thousand dollars in order to pay for small arms and cannons in case war with France erupted. It offered a 5,000 dollar incentive with an additional 5,000 dollars once that money was exhausted for the person that was able to accurately produce arms for the government. Because the cotton gin had not brought Whitney the rewards he believed it promised, he accepted the offer. Although the contract was for one year,","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122629","text":"innovation than Whitney was. (The machine that excited Roe may not have been built until 1825, after Whitney's death.) Therefore, no one person can properly be described as the inventor of the milling machine. Despite his humble origins, Whitney was keenly aware of the value of social and political connections. In building his arms business, he took full advantage of the access that his status as a Yale alumnus gave him to other well-placed graduates, such as Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury (class of 1778), and James Hillhouse, a New Haven developer and political leader. His 1817 marriage","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122628","text":"was able to calculate an actual price per musket by including fixed costs such as insurance and machinery, which the government had not accounted for. He thus made early contributions to both the concepts of cost accounting, and economic efficiency in manufacturing. Machine tool historian Joseph W. Roe credited Whitney with inventing the first milling machine circa 1818. Subsequent work by other historians (Woodbury; Smith; Muir; Battison [cited by Baida]) suggests that Whitney was among a group of contemporaries all developing milling machines at about the same time (1814 to 1818), and that the others were more important to the","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122616","text":"The word \"gin\" is short for \"engine.\" While staying at Mulberry Grove, Whitney constructed several ingenious household devices which led Mrs Greene to introduce him to some businessmen who were discussing the desirability of a machine to separate the short staple upland cotton from its seeds, work that was then done by hand at the rate of a pound of lint a day. In a few weeks Whitney produced a model. The cotton gin was a wooden drum stuck with hooks that pulled the cotton fibers through a mesh. The cotton seeds would not fit through the mesh and fell","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122627","text":"Whitney did not deliver the arms until 1809, using multiple excuses for the delay. Recently, historians have found that during 1801–1806, Whitney took the money and headed into South Carolina in order to profit from the cotton gin. Although Whitney's demonstration of 1801 appeared to show the feasibility of creating interchangeable parts, Merritt Roe Smith concludes that it was \"staged\" and \"duped government authorities\" into believing that he had been successful. The charade gained him time and resources toward achieving that goal. When the government complained that Whitney's price per musket compared unfavorably with those produced in government armories, he","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122624","text":"idea, and on shoulder weapons as well as artillery. In the 19th century these efforts produced the \"armory system,\" or American system of manufacturing. Certain other New Englanders, including Captain John H. Hall and Simeon North, arrived at successful interchangeability before Whitney's armory did. The Whitney armory finally succeeded not long after his death in 1825. The motives behind Whitney's acceptance of a contract to manufacture muskets in 1798 were mostly monetary. By the late 1790s, Whitney was on the verge of bankruptcy and the cotton gin litigation had left him deeply in debt. His New Haven cotton gin factory","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122613","text":"Whitney's mother, Elizabeth Fay, died in 1777, when he was 11. At age 14 he operated a profitable nail manufacturing operation in his father's workshop during the Revolutionary War. Because his stepmother opposed his wish to attend college, Whitney worked as a farm laborer and school teacher to save money. He prepared for Yale at Leicester Academy (now Becker College) and under the tutelage of Rev. Elizur Goodrich of Durham, Connecticut, he entered in the fall of 1789 and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1792. Whitney expected to study law but, finding himself short of funds, accepted an offer to","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"14336010","text":"the New Haven town line to Dixwell Avenue, the road is state-maintained with an unsigned designation of State Road 707. Within New Haven, Whitney Avenue is a town road. The J route of Connecticut Transit New Haven, which connects New Haven to Waterbury, runs along Whitney Avenue. Whitney Avenue is named after Eli Whitney, Jr., whose factory was located by the Mill River near the road. The New Haven portion of Whitney Avenue \"originated as an early road leading from central New Haven northward to Hartford. The Hartford and New Haven Turnpike Company improved it as a turnpike in 1798.\"","title":"Whitney Avenue"},{"psg_id":"5429704","text":"to have standardized, interchangeable parts (for some but not all of its parts). The area around the museum was once known as Whitneyville, the manufacturing village constructed along the Mill River to house the workers at the Whitney Armory, and made famous by painter William Giles Munson, who sketched the Armory in 1826, a year after Whitney died, creating at least 3 paintings from those sketches over the next two decades. The grounds, which span both sides of Whitney Avenue and cross the Mill River, still feature the old barn, stone coal shed and boarding house which date back to","title":"Eli Whitney Museum"},{"psg_id":"4563379","text":"Benjamin Eli Smith Benjamin Eli Smith, L.H.D. (February 7, 1857 – March 18, 1913) was an American editor and the son of Eli Smith. Born in Beirut, Ottoman Empire (now Beirut, Lebanon), he graduated from Amherst College (A.B., 1877; A.M., 1881), earning the degree of L.H.D. in 1902. He was managing editor of the first edition of the Century Dictionary, and editor-in-chief of the revised edition after the death of editor William Dwight Whitney in 1894. As the editor, he was also responsible for the \"Century Cyclopedia of Names\" (1894), the \"Century Atlas\" (1897), the two-volume \"Century Dictionary Supplement\" (1909),","title":"Benjamin Eli Smith"},{"psg_id":"9404287","text":"The plastic grips came in either a black, dark brown or white, the white grips are found mostly on the nickel-plated models. The frame being investment cast by Alcoa was a new idea for the gun industry at the time, now it is widely used by almost every major gun manufacturer today. Its name \"Wolverine\" was named after Hillberg's favorite football team, the University of Michigan Wolverines. The \"Whitney\" name was used because the factory was located near the old Eli Whitney factory site. A victim of extremely poor marketing in the beginning, financial problems and then being under priced","title":"Whitney Wolverine"},{"psg_id":"15630119","text":"John Craig is a musician. He also has another younger half-brother named Sam Greisman, who is Sally Field's youngest son. Craig is a passionate outdoorsman and worked as an Outward Bound instructor for several years after college. He's led climbing trips up the mountaineers route on Mt. Whitney, Aconcagua, Mt. Rainier, Pico De Orizaba, and Denali. Craig is married to actress and former Yellow \"Power Ranger\" Sasha Williams, and together they have 2 children: Noah, born in 2006, and Colin, born in 2014. Eli Craig Elijah Matthew \"Eli\" Craig (born May 25, 1972) is an American-Canadian screenwriter and film director,","title":"Eli Craig"},{"psg_id":"122620","text":"tax for five years, from which about $30,000 was realized. There is a claim that Tennessee paid, perhaps, $10,000. While the cotton gin did not earn Whitney the fortune he had hoped for, it did give him fame. It has been argued by some historians that Whitney's cotton gin was an important if unintended cause of the American Civil War. After Whitney's invention, the plantation slavery industry was rejuvenated, eventually culminating in the Civil War. And the cotton gin transformed Southern agriculture and the national economy. Southern cotton found ready markets in Europe and in the burgeoning textile mills of","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122614","text":"go to South Carolina as a private tutor. Instead of reaching his destination, he was convinced to visit Georgia. In the closing years of the 18th century, Georgia was a magnet for New Englanders seeking their fortunes (its Revolutionary-era governor had been Lyman Hall, a migrant from Connecticut). When he initially sailed for South Carolina, among his shipmates were the widow (Catherine Littlefield Greene) and family of the Revolutionary hero Gen. Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island. Mrs. Greene invited Whitney to visit her Georgia plantation, Mulberry Grove. Her plantation manager and husband-to-be was Phineas Miller, another Connecticut migrant and Yale","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122617","text":"outside. Whitney occasionally told a story wherein he was pondering an improved method of seeding the cotton when he was inspired by observing a cat attempting to pull a chicken through a fence, and able to only pull through some of the feathers. A single cotton gin could generate up to of cleaned cotton daily. This contributed to the economic development of the Southern states of the United States, a prime cotton growing area; some historians believe that this invention allowed for the African slavery system in the Southern United States to become more sustainable at a critical point in","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122623","text":"idea eluded Whitney until near the end of his life, occurring first in others' armories. Attempts at interchangeability of parts can be traced back as far as the Punic Wars through both archaeological remains of boats now in Museo Archeologico Baglio Anselmi and contemporary written accounts. In modern times the idea developed over decades among many people. An early leader was Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, an 18th-century French artillerist who created a fair amount of standardization of artillery pieces, although not true interchangeability of parts. He inspired others, including Honoré Blanc and Louis de Tousard, to work further on the","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122619","text":"sale. Ultimately, patent infringement lawsuits consumed the profits (one patent, later annulled, was granted in 1796 to Hogden Holmes for a gin which substituted circular saws for the spikes) and their cotton gin company went out of business in 1797. One oft-overlooked point is that there were drawbacks to Whitney's first design. There is significant evidence that the design flaws were solved by his sponsor, Mrs. Greene, but Whitney gave her no public credit or recognition. After validation of the patent, the legislature of South Carolina voted $50,000 for the rights for that state, while North Carolina levied a license","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122615","text":"graduate (class of 1785), who would become Whitney's business partner. Whitney is most famous for two innovations which came to have significant impacts on the United States in the mid-19th century: the cotton gin (1793) and his advocacy of interchangeable parts. In the South, the cotton gin revolutionized the way cotton was harvested and reinvigorated slavery. In the North the adoption of interchangeable parts revolutionized the manufacturing industry, and contributed greatly to the U.S. victory in the Civil War. The cotton gin is a mechanical device that removes the seeds from cotton, a process that had previously been extremely labor-intensive.","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"19974081","text":"India in 2017 for her contribution to literature and education. Eli Ahmed Eli Ahmed is an Indian writer, scriptwriter, director, lyricist, costume designer, actress and social activist. She is also the editor, publisher and proprietor of ‘Orani’, the women’s magazine. It is the only women’s magazine in the Northeast since 1970. She had also organised the first women’s drama group in Assam in 1967. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2017 for her contribution to literature and education. Eli Ahmed was born in an aristocratic family in Nazira. Her father Abdur Rashid, was a","title":"Eli Ahmed"},{"psg_id":"7941420","text":"out of the plan. Worried, Marlon later intervened to stop Eli, but the gun went off accidentally and Marlon was shot in the chest. Marlon recovered, but was angry with Eli. When a story about him being a hero appeared, Marlon was rewarded for his supposed bravery with enough money to buy himself and Donna a house, Eli was jealous and began to blackmail his brother. Zak eventually found out what was going on and physically attacked Eli, calling him a \"snivelling little traitor\". Instead of leaving town, Eli lay in wait and kidnapped his brother, driving him to the","title":"Eli Dingle"},{"psg_id":"122630","text":"to Henrietta Edwards, granddaughter of the famed evangelist Jonathan Edwards, daughter of Pierpont Edwards, head of the Democratic Party in Connecticut, and first cousin of Yale's president, Timothy Dwight, the state's leading Federalist, further tied him to Connecticut's ruling elite. In a business dependent on government contracts, such connections were essential to success. Whitney died of prostate cancer on January 8, 1825, in New Haven, Connecticut, just a month after his 59th birthday. He left a widow and his four children behind. During the course of his illness, he invented and constructed several devices to mechanically ease his pain. These","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"122625","text":"had burned to the ground, and litigation sapped his remaining resources. The French Revolution had ignited new conflicts between Great Britain, France, and the United States. The new American government, realizing the need to prepare for war, began to rearm. The War Department issued contracts for the manufacture of 10,000 muskets. Whitney, who had never made a gun in his life, obtained a contract in January 1798 to deliver 10,000 to 15,000 muskets in 1800. He had not mentioned interchangeable parts at that time. Ten months later, the Treasury Secretary, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., sent him a \"foreign pamphlet on arms","title":"Eli Whitney"},{"psg_id":"20016919","text":"script, it was shocking… I was able to tap back into the experiences I had gone through.\" Fortunately for Eli, the Hortons welcome Eli with open arms. And according to Hayes, \"Julie is entranced\" by her grandson. And \"He really likes Julie too.\" Eli is very excited when he is welcomed into the family – it feels \"official\" for him now, Archey said. \"He's very interested in finding out more\" about David's side of the family and though it is what he wants, the situation is a bit \"overwhelming.\" In the meantime, Eli still wants nothing to do with his","title":"Eli Grant"},{"psg_id":"20016935","text":"to totally write Gabi off despite his interest... because Julie said Gabi caused her to have a heart attack by yelling at her.\" Then Eli quickly changed his tune when someone else came to Gabi's defense with checking the story. He continued that as a FBI agent, Eli \"should be capable of figuring out the truth himself rather than relying on what other people say.\" Eli Grant Eli Grant is a fictional character from the long-running NBC daytime soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\". Created by head writers Dena Higley and Ryan Quan, the role was originated by actor Lamon","title":"Eli Grant"},{"psg_id":"10524743","text":"in the processes of manufacturing arms. On the death of Mr. Whitney in 1825, Blake associated with himself his brother Philos, and continued to manage the business. In 1836 they were joined by another brother, John A., and, under the firm name of Blake Brothers, established at Westville a factory for the production of door locks and latches of their own invention. The business was afterward extended so as to include casters, hinges, and other articles of hardware, most of which were covered by patents. In this branch of manufacture, Blake Brothers were among the pioneers, and long held the","title":"Eli Whitney Blake"},{"psg_id":"19974077","text":"Eli Ahmed Eli Ahmed is an Indian writer, scriptwriter, director, lyricist, costume designer, actress and social activist. She is also the editor, publisher and proprietor of ‘Orani’, the women’s magazine. It is the only women’s magazine in the Northeast since 1970. She had also organised the first women’s drama group in Assam in 1967. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2017 for her contribution to literature and education. Eli Ahmed was born in an aristocratic family in Nazira. Her father Abdur Rashid, was a surgeon. She lost her mother at a young age. She","title":"Eli Ahmed"},{"psg_id":"16599387","text":"the second season of hit TV-series \"Point of Entry\". The show is filmed and broadcast by Singapore's television station, Mediacorp. Eli T. worked and produced tracks for Disney (Asian-version remix of High School Musical's theme song \"Breaking Free\"), Wang Lee Hom (multi-platinum-selling Taiwan artiste), Will Pan (Multi-platinum-selling Taiwan artiste) and The Gorillaz (unreleased EMI remix of their smash hit \"Feel Good Inc.\"). Attempting to explore how music could be used for Education, Eli left the label and started his production company Zai Studios. And in late 2009, Eli had his first major hit song. Eli T. finally decided to launch","title":"Eli T."},{"psg_id":"20016922","text":"co-star Camila Banus for being \"very bubbly\" and \"easy to work with.\" He continued, \"She knows what she's doing and makes the job easier for me.\" Eli and Gabi's romance falls apart when he cheats on her. When asked about the two potentially reuniting, Archey said they had been through too much. At the same time, Eli bonds with his colleague Lani Price (Sal Stowers) whom he initially clashes with. Coryon Gray said \"Eli seems to understand Lani a lot\" and said their interactions put their personalities on display. Gray noted that the writers \"are using Eli to help build\"","title":"Eli Grant"},{"psg_id":"7948311","text":"commander. I look through my binoculars and I see children.\" Mr. Begin said he asked the colonel, \"Did you get an order to kill those children?\" The officer said there had been no such order and Mr. Begin asked, \"So what are you complaining about?\" In 2014 Norwegian songwriter Moddi released a song named after Eli Geva in support of his insubordination and pacifism. This song was written by Richard Burgess in 1982 for Norwegian singer Birgitte Grimstad. She was persuaded to refrain from performing the song on her Israel tour the same year. Eli Geva Eli Geva (; born","title":"Eli Geva"},{"psg_id":"9537981","text":"Stone Whitney, both of whom were descendants of Watertown settlers of 1635. She had a sister and five brothers. The family moved to East Cambridge by the time that Whitney was 12 years old and returned to Watertown in 1850. Her family were Unitarians and abolitionists. They fought for women's and education rights, as well as abolition of slavery. Except the 1834–1835 school year that she attended at a private school run by Mrs. Samuel Little in Bucksport, Maine, she received her education from private tutors. Her year at private school allowed her to teach. Whitney enjoyed writing poetry and","title":"Anne Whitney"},{"psg_id":"14193237","text":"associates around the world. From 1995 until 2009 Whitney served as an advisor and facilitator in the design and development of the United Religions Initiative, a global inter-faith organization dedicated to peace. It was for this purpose that Whitney and David Cooperrider created the processes that Whitney entitled the Appreciative Inquiry Summit. Whitney worked with Case Western Reserve University Weatherhead School of Management faculty David Cooperrider and Ron Fry to assess the need for and design the first Master’s of positive organization development program. In her 1980 dissertation, funded by the National Institute of Education, Whitney studied and mapped the","title":"Diana Whitney"},{"psg_id":"20016918","text":"getting \"something he didn't have\" before. Despite the truth coming out, Eli is still \"uneasy\" because he doesn't know what comes next. Janet Di Lauro said the scenes are \"pivotal\" for the character of Eli and for Archey as the actor. The plot hits very close to home for Lamon Archey. It mirrors Archey's personal experiences because he only met his own father three times before he died. \"I flew out to attend his funeral and kind of went through the same thing that Eli\" Archey revealed to \"Soap Opera Digest\". He continued, \"Trust me, when I was reading the","title":"Eli Grant"},{"psg_id":"7021794","text":"Eli P. Ashmun Eli Porter Ashmun (June 24, 1770May 10, 1819) was a Federalist United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1816 to 1818. Eli Porter Ashmun was the eldest child of Justus and Kezia Ashmun. He was born in the vicinity of Fort Edward, New York, from whence the family fled in 1777 during the advance of British troops of John Burgoyne in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War. They settled in Blandford, Massachusetts, where Ashmun's father operated the tavern. Ashmun's education was quite rudimentary, but he was taken under wing by Theodore Sedgwick, who gave him legal","title":"Eli P. Ashmun"},{"psg_id":"4942674","text":"tours of Japan and a full-length album release followed, also entitled \"I Am What I Am\". In 2007, 2008 and 2009, the tour was also brought to Europe where she maintained a cult following. In December 2009, Whitney had a stroke on stage during a concert in Lorne, Australia, while performing with The Transatlantics at Falls Festival. The remaining dates of her tour were cancelled; after Whitney made a partial recovery she performed again in 2010. In December 2012, Whitney died from complications of pneumonia at her home. She was 68. Marva Whitney Marva Whitney (born Marva Ann Manning, May","title":"Marva Whitney"},{"psg_id":"19883978","text":"that NEVER AGAIN is never forgotten. So thank you, Eli for all that you have done specially to educate our youth.\" Eli Rubenstein Eli Rubenstein (born 1959) is a Holocaust educator, writer and filmmaker. He is currently the religious leader of Congregation Habonim Toronto a Toronto synagogue founded by Holocaust survivors. He is also the National Director of March of the Living Canada, Director of Education for March of the Living International, Director of March of Remembrance and Hope Canada, and Chairman of the Canadian Friends of the Israel Guide Dog Center for the Blind. Rubenstein has produced and directed","title":"Eli Rubenstein"},{"psg_id":"14284838","text":"Agency for Israel and a member of the Amidar housing company's directorate. Ovadia Eli Ovadia Eli (, born 22 May 1945) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud from 1984 until 1996, Deputy Minister of Defense between 1991 and 1992, and mayor of Afula from 1978 until 1991. Since leaving the Knesset, he has headed several government-owned companies, and is currently the CEO of the Israel Airports Authority. Born in Khanaqin in Iraq in 1945, Eli made aliyah to Israel in 1950. He studied at the Lifschitz Seminar for Education, and received","title":"Ovadia Eli"},{"psg_id":"14284835","text":"Ovadia Eli Ovadia Eli (, born 22 May 1945) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud from 1984 until 1996, Deputy Minister of Defense between 1991 and 1992, and mayor of Afula from 1978 until 1991. Since leaving the Knesset, he has headed several government-owned companies, and is currently the CEO of the Israel Airports Authority. Born in Khanaqin in Iraq in 1945, Eli made aliyah to Israel in 1950. He studied at the Lifschitz Seminar for Education, and received a BA from the University of Haifa, after which he worked as","title":"Ovadia Eli"},{"psg_id":"6959852","text":"into more traditional tropes of the early 20th century. Mary Whitney died in Waltham on January 20, 1921 of pneumonia. Mary Watson Whitney Mary Watson Whitney (September 11, 1847 – January 20, 1921) was an American astronomer and for 22 years the head of the Vassar Observatory where 102 scientific papers were published under her guidance. Whitney was born in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1847. Her mother was Mary Watson Crehore and her father was Samuel Buttrick Whitney. Her father was successful in real estate and wealthy enough to provide her with a good education for a woman at the time.","title":"Mary Watson Whitney"},{"psg_id":"20537277","text":"Albert Wurts Whitney Albert Wurts Whitney (20 June 1870, Geneva, Illinois – 27 July 1943) was a statistician and actuarial scientist, known for his role in the application of Bayes' rule to the development of standards in setting insurance premiums for workmen's compensation. He was a pioneer in accident prevention work and public safety education. The son of the Yale alumnus Reverend Henry Mitchell Whitney, Albert W. Whitney was part of the Dwight family of New England. He graduated from Beloit College in 1891 and married Martha Reynolds Bill in 1899. From to 1922 to 1924 Whitney was the chair","title":"Albert Wurts Whitney"},{"psg_id":"11717355","text":"an engagement present. Later, a bus crashes into the market and Whitney is trapped underneath it. Whitney is rescued and in hospital, she talks to Mick about her marriage. He comforts her and she kisses him, which is seen by Denise Fox (Diane Parish). Whitney decides to organise a night out and pawns her wedding ring for cash. Lee discovers what she has done and they start arguing. When Whitney says he doesn't deserve her, Lee slaps her in the face. Shortly after the incident Whitney lays on the bed in silence, with Lee begging for forgiveness. Whitney confides in","title":"Whitney Dean"},{"psg_id":"19600055","text":"best and said, \"I think she's one of the all-time greats.\" On August 26, Lady Eli entered the Ballston Spa Stakes in what would be her final appearance at Saratoga (it had been previously announced that she would be sold as a broodmare prospect at the Keeneland November sales.) After racing on the rail behind the early pace set by Dickinson, Lady Eli waited until a small hole opened that allowed her to get racing room on the outside. Lady Eli then quickly drew clear of the field, winning comfortably by lengths. \"She really is a horse of a lifetime,\"","title":"Lady Eli"},{"psg_id":"7081893","text":"and education. The International Business Center (IBC) was designated as a Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER), a type of U.S. Department of Education designation as a National Resource Center, in 1990. The center provides education, research, and assistance on issues of importance to international trade and global competitiveness. It is the headquarters of the Academy of International Business and developed the globalEDGE research tool. Eli Broad College of Business The Eli Broad College of Business is the business college at Michigan State University. The college has programs in accounting, finance, general management, human resource management, marketing, supply","title":"Eli Broad College of Business"},{"psg_id":"12727500","text":"of the truck she was in and throwing a hand grenade under another truck. She then drives back towards the house to find Eli. Rather than chase her, Carnegie returns to the town, since his sole remaining vehicle is running low on fuel. Solara finds Eli, and they drive until they reach the Golden Gate Bridge, and then row to Alcatraz Island, where they find a group intent on preserving what they can of literature and music. Eli tells the guards that he has a copy of the King James Version of the Bible. Once inside, Eli, revealed to be","title":"The Book of Eli"},{"psg_id":"8361401","text":"to which she replies that there is not. Eli then sits crying at the answer. Knowing his destiny is to usher in a new age without the gods, Eli faces it knowing it is what he must do. Ares confronts him and Gabrielle. He tells Eli that he must die so that the gods can live. Gabrielle defends him, but he tells her that she cannot save him with violence, but he tells her it is for the greater good. Gabrielle turns her back to him so she will not see Ares kill Eli. The death of Eli triggers courage","title":"Eli (Xena: Warrior Princess)"},{"psg_id":"13753261","text":"While in private practice, Whitney Debevoise represented the central banks and finance ministries of many countries, as well as the Bank for International Settlements, the World Bank, the African Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Debevoise has been involved in transactions ranging from Brazil's $49 billion Brady Plan exercise to numerous Yankee bond, Samurai bond, and Eurobond issuances in ten different currencies. He was involved with billion dollar equity placements of shares in firms, such as Telfonica Argentina, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras), and Unibanco-Uniao de Bancos Brasileiros. For his efforts, Brazil awarded Debevoise","title":"Eli Whitney Debevoise II"},{"psg_id":"8361399","text":"the soldiers and crucified. With his friends Xena and Gabrielle now dead, Eli begins doubting the power of his god. Amarice blames him because his preaching the Way of Love made Gabrielle weak. He asks his god: \"What good is this gift if I can't at least protect the ones I love? Why did you even give this to me? What am I supposed to do?\" Eli's god answers his questions when the powers in heaven send an angelic Callisto to Eli in a vision. In the vision she tells Eli that he must use his powers to bring Xena","title":"Eli (Xena: Warrior Princess)"},{"psg_id":"7363795","text":"Eli C. D. Shortridge Eli C. D. Shortridge (March 29, 1830 – February 4, 1908) was an American politician who was the third Governor of North Dakota from 1893 to 1895. Shortridge was the first governor to live in the executive mansion. Born Eli Charles Daniel Shortridge, he was the eighth of nine children born to Levi and Elizabeth Love Shortridge. Shortridge was born in Cabell County (in modern-day West Virginia; the county was still a part of Virginia at the time of his birth), and grew up in Monroe County, Missouri. He completed his education at an academy located","title":"Eli C. D. Shortridge"},{"psg_id":"15935136","text":"Eli Blakstad Eli Blakstad (born 10 August 1962) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. She finished her secondary education in 1981, and graduated from Jønsberg Agricultural School in 1982 and Telemark University College in 1985. She was hired as an accountant in Sør-Fron in 1985, and since 1990 she has also been a farmer. From 2001 to 2011 she was the chief executive officer of Peer Gynt AS. She was a board member of Norges Bygdeungdomslag from 1983 to 1984, and the first female leader of the organization from 1986 to 1988. During her leadership she was also","title":"Eli Blakstad"},{"psg_id":"3279882","text":"had brought the Ark with them to battle under the premise that there was no possible way God would allow it to enter enemy hands, an assumption that proved to be incorrect. Eli, who is nearly blind, is unaware of the event until he asks about all the commotion. Eli, sitting in a chair, is told what has happened by a soldier who has fled the battle. In reaction to the news that the Ark of God has been captured, Eli falls backwards out of the chair and dies from a broken neck, on the 10th day of Iyar. He","title":"Eli (biblical figure)"},{"psg_id":"20447755","text":"of the house demonstrate the prosperity of Windsor's farmers in the mid-19th century. Of the town's surviving Italianate houses, this one is the largest and most elaborately styled. Eli Phelps House The Eli Phelps House is a historic house at 18 Marshall Phelps Road in Windsor, Connecticut. Built about 1860, it is one of the town's largest and most elaborate examples of Italianate architecture executed in brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Eli Phelps House stands in what is now a residential area of northern Windsor, on the north side of Marshall","title":"Eli Phelps House"},{"psg_id":"20447753","text":"Eli Phelps House The Eli Phelps House is a historic house at 18 Marshall Phelps Road in Windsor, Connecticut. Built about 1860, it is one of the town's largest and most elaborate examples of Italianate architecture executed in brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Eli Phelps House stands in what is now a residential area of northern Windsor, on the north side of Marshall Phelps Road just west of Kendrick Lane. It is a two-story masonry structure, with a flat roof that has deep eaves supported by paired Italianate brackets. The roof","title":"Eli Phelps House"},{"psg_id":"19249556","text":"Eli Cook (musician) Eli Cook (born April 24, 1986) is an American blues singer, songwriter, guitarist and record producer. Cook has released six albums before his 30th birthday. AllMusic noted that Cook \"has what it takes to be the best blues singer of his generation.\" \"Blues Matters!\" stated that Cook is \"among the top 3 solo blues artists world-wide.\" His main influences came from the work of John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, Soundgarden, and Rage Against the Machine. Eli Cook was born in Nelson County, Virginia, United States. He learned to play the guitar by the age of 13, while","title":"Eli Cook (musician)"},{"psg_id":"4326028","text":"led the fundraising campaign to build the Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall, which opened in October 2003. Broad was instrumental in securing the $50 million deposit from the project developer that opened Grand Park in summer 2012. Broad’s first civic board membership and significant investment in education was a $10 million commitment to Pitzer College in 1970. He was eventually named chairman of the board. In 1991, Broad endowed the Eli Broad College of Business and the Eli Broad Graduate School of Management with $20 million for a full-time MBA program at his alma mater, Michigan State University. The","title":"Eli Broad"},{"psg_id":"3882052","text":"Party 1961–1965. His grandson is the Social Democratic politician Sten Heckscher. Eli Heckscher Eli Filip Heckscher (24 November 1879 – 23 December 1952) was a Swedish political economist and economic historian. Heckscher was born in Stockholm, son of the Jewish Danish-born businessman Isidor Heckscher and his spouse Rosa Meyer, and completed his secondary education there in 1897. He studied at Uppsala University and Gothenburg University, completing his PhD in Uppsala in 1907. He was professor of Political economy and Statistics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1909 until 1919, when he exchanged that chair for a research professorship in","title":"Eli Heckscher"},{"psg_id":"3882050","text":"Eli Heckscher Eli Filip Heckscher (24 November 1879 – 23 December 1952) was a Swedish political economist and economic historian. Heckscher was born in Stockholm, son of the Jewish Danish-born businessman Isidor Heckscher and his spouse Rosa Meyer, and completed his secondary education there in 1897. He studied at Uppsala University and Gothenburg University, completing his PhD in Uppsala in 1907. He was professor of Political economy and Statistics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1909 until 1919, when he exchanged that chair for a research professorship in economic history, finally retiring as emeritus professor in 1945. In 1929","title":"Eli Heckscher"},{"psg_id":"1797034","text":"from subduction rose underneath what is now Whitney and solidified underground to form large expanses of granite. In the last 2 to 10 million years, the Sierra was pushed up which enabled glacial and river erosion to strip the upper layers of rock to reveal the resistant granite that makes up Mount Whitney today. In July 1864, the members of the California Geological Survey named the peak after Josiah Whitney, the State Geologist of California and benefactor of the survey. During the same expedition, geologist Clarence King attempted to climb Whitney from its west side, but stopped just short. In","title":"Mount Whitney"},{"psg_id":"4326037","text":"billionaires) that was designed to charterize 50% of LA public schools. According to one unnamed critic at portside.org, such an outcome would \"do away with democratically controlled, publicly accountable education in LA.\" Eli Broad Eli Broad (; born June 6, 1933) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the only person to build two Fortune 500 companies in different industries (KB Home and SunAmerica). As of October 2015, Forbes ranked Broad the 65th wealthiest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $7.4 billion. Broad was born in 1933 in the Bronx, New York, the only child","title":"Eli Broad"},{"psg_id":"6959848","text":"Mary Watson Whitney Mary Watson Whitney (September 11, 1847 – January 20, 1921) was an American astronomer and for 22 years the head of the Vassar Observatory where 102 scientific papers were published under her guidance. Whitney was born in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1847. Her mother was Mary Watson Crehore and her father was Samuel Buttrick Whitney. Her father was successful in real estate and wealthy enough to provide her with a good education for a woman at the time. She went to school in Waltham where she excelled in mathematics and graduated from the public high school in 1863.","title":"Mary Watson Whitney"},{"psg_id":"12131689","text":"a grandson of George Macculloch Miller (1832–1917), the founder what would become the United Hospital Fund. The marriage to \"Cully\" Miller was long and happy, and Whitney had two more children: She died on July 18, 1986 at Community Hospital in Glen Cove, L.I. Whitney's grandson John LeBoutillier is a political columnist and commentator and a one-term U.S. Representative representing a Long Island district. Her great-grandson, Josiah Hornblower (son of Whitney Tower's daughter, Alexandra Tower Hornblower Thorne) was featured in the documentary \"Born Rich\". Flora Payne Whitney Flora Payne Whitney, also known as Flora Whitney Miller (July 27, 1897 –","title":"Flora Payne Whitney"},{"psg_id":"20537278","text":"of the American Engineering Standards Committee. In 1924 he was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Toronto. Albert Wurts Whitney Albert Wurts Whitney (20 June 1870, Geneva, Illinois – 27 July 1943) was a statistician and actuarial scientist, known for his role in the application of Bayes' rule to the development of standards in setting insurance premiums for workmen's compensation. He was a pioneer in accident prevention work and public safety education. The son of the Yale alumnus Reverend Henry Mitchell Whitney, Albert W. Whitney was part of the Dwight family of New England. He graduated from Beloit College","title":"Albert Wurts Whitney"},{"psg_id":"11717323","text":"ends their affair. Devastated when Tony accepts Bianca's marriage proposal, Whitney locks herself in her bedroom. Not knowing what to do, Bianca accepts Dr Poppy Merritt's (Amy Darcy) help and she refers Whitney to a psychiatrist. Bianca takes her away on holiday, attempting to mend their relationship. When they return, Tony and Whitney share a passionate kiss, and Tony informs Whitney that their relationship is back on. Whitney becomes jealous when Tony begins showing an interest in Bianca's cousin, Lauren Branning (Madeline Duggan). As her sixteenth birthday approaches, she buys tickets for them to travel abroad. Tony loses interest in","title":"Whitney Dean"},{"psg_id":"15154663","text":"Henry Clay Whitney Henry Clay Whitney (23 February 1831 – 27 February 1905) was a United States lawyer who was a close friend of President Abraham Lincoln, and later a biographer of the president. Henry Clay Whitney was born on 23 February 1831 in Detroit, Maine, son of Alfred Metcalf Whitney of Chicago. He received a classical education at Augusta College, Kentucky and at Farmer's College, Ohio, and then studied Law at the Cincinnati and Chicago law schools. In 1854 he moved to Urbana, Illinois, where he entered the practice of law. Around the time when he first appeared at","title":"Henry Clay Whitney"},{"psg_id":"17014303","text":"James Amaziah Whitney James Amaziah Whitney (30 June 1839, Rochester, New York - 1907) was a United States lawyer and author. He was the son of Amaziah (22 July 1813 - 7 August 1853) and Margaret S. (née Taylor; 27 December 1818, Scotland - 29 March 1895) Whitney. In childhood, he moved with his parents to Maryland, New York, where he received a common-school education, and began his career as a farmer. In 1860, he began studying chemistry, mechanics, and engineering on his own. In 1865, Whitney became a writer of specifications in the office of a firm of patent","title":"James Amaziah Whitney"},{"psg_id":"18760410","text":"Mark Whitney Mark Whitney produces and performs Late Nite Last Week, the #1 political satire show on Apple Podcasts. He has toured as a one-man show since 2006. Whitney’s one man shows include \"The EDucation of Dianne,\" and \"Fool For A Client.\" He has been profiled by Robert McKee in Story Magazine, sharing the cover with Drew Carey and Russell Brand. Whitney founded and ran the San Diego Comedy Co-op where he produced approximately 500 free shows over three years. He performs at Fringe Festivals including Capital Fringe Festival and Minnesota Fringe Festival. Whitney won an award at the San","title":"Mark Whitney"},{"psg_id":"12074383","text":"the next day, and Petersmeyer went on to become a partner at the firm and run Whitney Communications. Whitney had been investing since the 1930s, founding Pioneer Pictures in 1933 and acquiring a 15% interest in Technicolor Corporation with his cousin Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney. It was not until after World War II that what is considered today to be true private equity investments began to emerge marked by the founding of the first two venture capital firms in 1946: American Research and Development Corporation. (ARDC) and J.H. Whitney & Company. Whitney would become a highly professional organization, whereas before World","title":"J.H. Whitney & Company"},{"psg_id":"814838","text":"for what Ellen Reiss has described as Siegel's \"beautiful, faithful, passionate, critical, loving attention to the world and humanity\". Eli Siegel Eli Siegel (August 16, 1902 – November 8, 1978) was the poet, critic, and educator who founded Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy that sees reality as the aesthetic oneness of opposites. An idea central to this philosophy—that every person, place or thing in reality has something in common with all other things—was expressed in his award-winning poem, \"Hot Afternoons Have Been in Montana.\" Two highly acclaimed volumes of poetry were published during his lifetime, and in 1958, he was nominated","title":"Eli Siegel"},{"psg_id":"19600041","text":"the Flower Bowl Stakes in October. With her 2017 wins in the Gamely Stakes and Diana Stakes, she won at least one Grade I race in each of her four racing seasons. Bred by Runnymede Farm, Lady Eli is by Divine Park out of Sacre Coeur, both of whom were also bred by Runnymede. Martin O'Dowd of Runnymede Farm would later say: \"[Lady Eli] was very independent, but also easy to live with. She was a big, strong filly. As a yearling she was agreeable prepping for the sale; she came out and did what you asked her to do","title":"Lady Eli"},{"psg_id":"11312410","text":"alone, she was pushed over the edge. This began his theory that mental retardation (insanity at the time) was a disease and had a cause and possibly a cure. This began his revolutionary treatments, and what made the government give so much money for the mental hospital to be built. Eli Todd Dr. Eli Todd (July 22, 1769 – November 17, 1833) was a pioneer in the treatment of the mentally ill. His efforts in the medical field of mental care and smallpox treatment had a significant impact on not only the residents of his town, Farmington, Connecticut, but contributed","title":"Eli Todd"},{"psg_id":"4743996","text":"his mother's side, of Eli Whitney, and of six colonial governors of Connecticut on his father's side. As an undergraduate, Griswold, along with a handful of students and faculty members, founded the Yale Political Union. He taught English for a year, then changed to history, which he taught at Yale from 1933, becoming an assistant professor in 1938, an associate professor in 1942, and a full professor in 1947. Griswold received a Ph.D. in the new field of History, the Arts and Letters, writing the first dissertation in American Studies in 1933. The American cult of success was the dissertation's","title":"Alfred Whitney Griswold"},{"psg_id":"11737128","text":"Eli Ayers Eli Ayers (May 9, 1778 – April 25, 1822) was a physician and the first colonial agent of the American Colonization Society in what later became Liberia. He was born in 1778 in Shiloh, New Jersey, and married Elizabeth West in 1812. He practiced medicine in Woodbury, New Jersey. On August 7, 1821, he left New York for West Africa on the USS \"Shark\". Together with Robert F. Stockton of the USS \"Alligator\" he extorted a treaty under duress with six tribal kings on the purchase of land at Cape Mesurado. He served as the colonial agent of","title":"Eli Ayers"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122612\",\n \"text\": \"the newly formed United States Army. He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825. Whitney was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, on December 8, 1765, the eldest child of Eli Whitney Sr., a prosperous farmer, and his wife Elizabeth Fay, also of Westborough. Although the younger Eli, born in 1765, could technically be called a \\\"Junior\\\", history has never known him as such. He was famous during his lifetime and afterward by the name \\\"Eli Whitney\\\". His son, born in 1820, also named Eli, was well known during his lifetime and afterward by the name \\\"Eli Whitney, Jr.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429702\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Whitney Museum The Eli Whitney Museum, in Hamden, Connecticut, is an experimental learning workshop for students, teachers, and families. The museum's main building is located on a portion of the Eli Whitney Gun Factory site, a gun factory erected by Eli Whitney in 1798. The museum focuses on teaching experiments that are the roots of design and invention, featuring hands-on building projects and exhibits on Whitney and A. C. Gilbert. The museum is located on grounds that were originally developed by Eli Whitney to produce muskets on a site he purchased on September 17, 1798. The factory was powered\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10524745\",\n \"text\": \"Solutions of Several Problems in Aërodynamics\\\" (1882). He was a nephew of Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. He was also the father of scientist Eli Whitney Blake, Jr.. Eli Whitney Blake Eli Whitney Blake, Sr. (January 27, 1795 – August 18, 1886) was an American inventor, best known for his mortise lock and stone-crushing machine, the latter of which earned him a place into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Blake studied at Leicester Academy, and was graduated at Yale in 1816, after which he studied law with Judge Gould in Litchfield, Connecticut. But this he soon\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Blake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429708\",\n \"text\": \"put to work developing and teaching exhibitions and projects. Apprenticeship alumni include Jennifer Oxley (Emmy Award-winning children's TV creator), Emily Oster (Economist), and Joshua Revkin (Star World Champion sailor). Eli Whitney Museum The Eli Whitney Museum, in Hamden, Connecticut, is an experimental learning workshop for students, teachers, and families. The museum's main building is located on a portion of the Eli Whitney Gun Factory site, a gun factory erected by Eli Whitney in 1798. The museum focuses on teaching experiments that are the roots of design and invention, featuring hands-on building projects and exhibits on Whitney and A. C. Gilbert.\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11400598\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Whitney, North Carolina Eli Whitney is an unincorporated community in southeastern Alamance County, North Carolina, USA. It is at the intersection of North Carolina Highway 87, and Greensboro-Chapel Hill Road. To the south is Mandale, North Carolina, and to the west is Snow Camp, North Carolina. The United States Postal Service considers Eli Whitney part of the Graham, North Carolina delivery area. Eli Whitney gained its name from the inventor of the cotton gin Eli Whitney. The reasoning for this was because there was once a cotton gin located in the community, but has been gone for many years\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13988851\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise Eli Whitney Debevoise (December 14, 1899 – June 30, 1990) was a prominent New York lawyer who co-founded the law firm Debevoise & Plimpton and periodically served in a variety of high-profile government positions. Debevoise was born on December 14, 1899 in Manhattan, the son of Anne Farnam Whitney and Thomas McElrath Debevoise. He was named after his great-great grandfather, Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. He graduated from the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Conn., in 1917 and subsequently enlisted in the U.S. Army, eventually attaining the rank of second lieutenant. He graduated from Yale\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9105407\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Whitney Blake Jr. Eli Whitney Blake Jr. (April 20, 1836 – January 10, 1895) was an American scientist. His father and namesake was an inventor and partner of the Blake Brothers manufacturing firm. The origin of the name Eli Whitney comes from Blake senior's uncle Eli Whitney, who changed the face of the cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin. Blake graduated from Yale in 1857, after which he spent a year at Sheffield Scientific School. He was a member of Skull and Bones, class of 1857. Following his time at Sheffield, he traveled to Europe, where\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Blake Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11400599\",\n \"text\": \"now. Eli Whitney was once home to a school as well, but it too closed and was later demolished. The school's gymnasium was left standing and now serves as a community center. Eli Whitney is best known as the site of Uncle Eli's Quilting party, a one-day quilting and quilt show held annually since 1931. A historical marker stand outside the gym, where this event takes place the first Thursday in April. once invented the tucker bryant Eli Whitney, North Carolina Eli Whitney is an unincorporated community in southeastern Alamance County, North Carolina, USA. It is at the intersection of\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9105409\",\n \"text\": \"of Science and other similar associations. He also contributed to various scientific periodicals, such as the \\\"American Journal of Science and Arts\\\". Eli Whitney Blake Jr. Eli Whitney Blake Jr. (April 20, 1836 – January 10, 1895) was an American scientist. His father and namesake was an inventor and partner of the Blake Brothers manufacturing firm. The origin of the name Eli Whitney comes from Blake senior's uncle Eli Whitney, who changed the face of the cotton industry with the invention of the cotton gin. Blake graduated from Yale in 1857, after which he spent a year at Sheffield Scientific\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Blake Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122611\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Whitney Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South. Whitney's invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost many profits in legal battles over patent infringement for the cotton gin. Thereafter, he turned his attention into securing contracts with the government in the manufacture of muskets for\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10524742\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Whitney Blake Eli Whitney Blake, Sr. (January 27, 1795 – August 18, 1886) was an American inventor, best known for his mortise lock and stone-crushing machine, the latter of which earned him a place into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Blake studied at Leicester Academy, and was graduated at Yale in 1816, after which he studied law with Judge Gould in Litchfield, Connecticut. But this he soon abandoned at the request of his uncle, Eli Whitney, who desired his assistance in erecting and organizing the gun factory at Whitneyville. Here he made important improvements in the machinery and\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Blake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429705\",\n \"text\": \"the days of Whitneyville and the operational armory, along with a reconstruction of Ithiel Town's innovative lattice truss covered bridge erected on the original pilings of one of the two bridges built to service the Eli Whitney Armory. The museum occupies a portion of the site, between Whitney Avenue and the Mill River, occupying a brick factory building built on the site in 1890. The barn and boarding house, located west of Whitney Avenue, are occupied by other nonprofit organizations. The Eli Whitney museum has exhibits on Whitney and his most famous invention, the cotton gin. Other exhibits cover the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13988854\",\n \"text\": \"rights activities. Notably, he was a founder of the International Commission of Jurists, one of the first global human rights organizations. Debevoise also served as chairman of Governor Nelson Rockefeller’s Committee to Review New York Laws and Procedures on Human Rights and helped craft the final report that was delivered in March 1968. Debevoise retired at the age of 87 and died at his home in Manhattan on June 30, 1990. The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds some of his papers. Eli Whitney Debevoise Eli Whitney Debevoise (December 14, 1899 – June 30, 1990) was a prominent\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429706\",\n \"text\": \"historic site and A. C. Gilbert, the inventor and toy maker best known for his invention of the erector set. The museum is an experimental learning workshop for design and specializes in building projects for children blending science and invention. The site is located adjacent to the dam first built by Eli Whitney to power the armory, then raised to its current height by Eli Whitney Blake to provide more power. The museum also features water tables with canal locks and is adjacent to a water reservoir as well as hiking trails. In addition to visitor hours, the museum hosts\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13753258\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise II Eli Whitney Debevoise II (born February 8, 1953) was the U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group (April 6, 2007 – 2009). He is also a partner at Arnold & Porter LLP and served as Commissioner of the Maryland Port Commission in Baltimore. President George W. Bush nominated Debevoise to be U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group on February 16, 2007 to fill the vacancy left by Robert Holland and acting Executive Director Jennifer Dorn. On November 16, 2009 it was announced that he would be replaced by Ian Hoddy Solomon after his\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122622\",\n \"text\": \"difficulty of seed removal. But with the gin, growing cotton with slave labor became highly profitable – the chief source of wealth in the American South, and the basis of frontier settlement from Georgia to Texas. \\\"King Cotton\\\" became a dominant economic force, and slavery was sustained as a key institution of Southern society. Eli Whitney has often been incorrectly credited with inventing the idea of interchangeable parts, which he championed for years as a maker of muskets; however, the idea predated Whitney, and Whitney's role in it was one of promotion and popularizing, not invention. Successful implementation of the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13753263\",\n \"text\": \"considers all loans, investments, country assistance strategies, budgets, audits and business plans of the World Bank Group entities. Borrowers include more than 125 countries and 300 companies and funds. Eli Whitney Debevoise II Eli Whitney Debevoise II (born February 8, 1953) was the U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group (April 6, 2007 – 2009). He is also a partner at Arnold & Porter LLP and served as Commissioner of the Maryland Port Commission in Baltimore. President George W. Bush nominated Debevoise to be U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group on February 16, 2007 to fill the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2901577\",\n \"text\": \"revised memorials and take expeditions through what was then known as Indian Territory to support his cause. Later Whitney's dream was realized through the efforts of Theodore Judah. In the end, Whitney lived to see his dream realized in 1869 with the opening of the Union Pacific. Asa Whitney was born on March 14, 1797 in North Groton, Connecticut. His parents were Sarah Mitchell and Shubael Whitney. He is distantly related to Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. They were fifth cousins. For five generations, the Whitney family had been farmers. However, from a young age, Asa Whitney\",\n \"title\": \"Asa Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13753262\",\n \"text\": \"the Order of Rio Branco in 1997, which recognizes Brazilian and \\\"foreign individuals\\\" who have significantly contributed to the promotion of Brazil's international relations. Debevoise also handled cases in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization dispute settlement mechanism and at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, including cases establishing rulings on the allocation of arbital expenses and attorney's fees. Eli Whitney Debevoise was U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank Group from April 6, 2007 to October 2009. He represented the United States on a 24-member board representing 186 member countries that\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13753260\",\n \"text\": \"the American Bar Association, and the International Bar Association. He speaks Portuguese, Spanish, and French fluently, and holds an honorary law degree from Vermont Law School. He is the great, great grandson of Eli Whitney. After graduating from Harvard Law School, Debevoise clerked for the Hon. William J. Holloway, Jr., of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in 1978 through 1979. Debevoise started at Arnold & Porter, LLP as an associate in 1979 and practiced as a partner from 1986 to 2007. During this time, he increasingly specialized in international financial transactions, banking and international trade.\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122618\",\n \"text\": \"its development. Whitney received a patent (later numbered as X72) for his cotton gin on March 14, 1794, but it was not validated until 1807. Whitney and his partner, Miller, did not intend to sell the gins. Rather, like the proprietors of grist and sawmills, they expected to charge farmers for cleaning their cotton – two-fifths of the value, paid in cotton. Resentment at this scheme, the mechanical simplicity of the device and the primitive state of patent law, made infringement inevitable. Whitney and Miller could not build enough gins to meet demand, so gins from other makers found ready\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15144629\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Meltzer Eli Meltzer, (born September 26, 1979) better known by his stage name Smoov-E, is an American musician. He is from Summertown, Tennessee but moved to Sebastopol, California at a young age. Smoov-E a.k.a. Eli was born Eli Rafael Meltzer in Summertown, Tennessee on September 26, 1979 to Alan and Lee Meltzer. The youngest of 4 siblings, Eli, his three sisters, mom, and dad moved to Sebastopol when he was 4 years old. It was there that he grew up on the sounds of his parents' favorite records by artists such as The Talking Heads, The Police, Whitney Houston,\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Meltzer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19680014\",\n \"text\": \"Whitney Shumate Whitney Shumate (July 16, 1896 - February 28, 1966) was a noted businessman and civic leader in Henry County, Virginia, and especially in Martinsville, Virginia. Whitney Shumate was born in Rock Run, Virginia, near Bassett, Virginia in rural Henry County, Virginia. His father was John Wesley Shumate and his mother was Martha Wells Shumate, who died soon after childbirth. His first name was given in honor of the inventor, Eli Whitney, but due to the sudden death of his mother, he never received a middle name. Whitney was the youngest of ten children. His father later remarried, to\",\n \"title\": \"Whitney Shumate\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122626\",\n \"text\": \"manufacturing techniques,\\\" possibly one of Honoré Blanc's reports, after which Whitney first began to talk about interchangeability. In May 1798, Congress voted for legislation that would use eight hundred thousand dollars in order to pay for small arms and cannons in case war with France erupted. It offered a 5,000 dollar incentive with an additional 5,000 dollars once that money was exhausted for the person that was able to accurately produce arms for the government. Because the cotton gin had not brought Whitney the rewards he believed it promised, he accepted the offer. Although the contract was for one year,\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122629\",\n \"text\": \"innovation than Whitney was. (The machine that excited Roe may not have been built until 1825, after Whitney's death.) Therefore, no one person can properly be described as the inventor of the milling machine. Despite his humble origins, Whitney was keenly aware of the value of social and political connections. In building his arms business, he took full advantage of the access that his status as a Yale alumnus gave him to other well-placed graduates, such as Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury (class of 1778), and James Hillhouse, a New Haven developer and political leader. His 1817 marriage\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122628\",\n \"text\": \"was able to calculate an actual price per musket by including fixed costs such as insurance and machinery, which the government had not accounted for. He thus made early contributions to both the concepts of cost accounting, and economic efficiency in manufacturing. Machine tool historian Joseph W. Roe credited Whitney with inventing the first milling machine circa 1818. Subsequent work by other historians (Woodbury; Smith; Muir; Battison [cited by Baida]) suggests that Whitney was among a group of contemporaries all developing milling machines at about the same time (1814 to 1818), and that the others were more important to the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122616\",\n \"text\": \"The word \\\"gin\\\" is short for \\\"engine.\\\" While staying at Mulberry Grove, Whitney constructed several ingenious household devices which led Mrs Greene to introduce him to some businessmen who were discussing the desirability of a machine to separate the short staple upland cotton from its seeds, work that was then done by hand at the rate of a pound of lint a day. In a few weeks Whitney produced a model. The cotton gin was a wooden drum stuck with hooks that pulled the cotton fibers through a mesh. The cotton seeds would not fit through the mesh and fell\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122627\",\n \"text\": \"Whitney did not deliver the arms until 1809, using multiple excuses for the delay. Recently, historians have found that during 1801–1806, Whitney took the money and headed into South Carolina in order to profit from the cotton gin. Although Whitney's demonstration of 1801 appeared to show the feasibility of creating interchangeable parts, Merritt Roe Smith concludes that it was \\\"staged\\\" and \\\"duped government authorities\\\" into believing that he had been successful. The charade gained him time and resources toward achieving that goal. When the government complained that Whitney's price per musket compared unfavorably with those produced in government armories, he\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122624\",\n \"text\": \"idea, and on shoulder weapons as well as artillery. In the 19th century these efforts produced the \\\"armory system,\\\" or American system of manufacturing. Certain other New Englanders, including Captain John H. Hall and Simeon North, arrived at successful interchangeability before Whitney's armory did. The Whitney armory finally succeeded not long after his death in 1825. The motives behind Whitney's acceptance of a contract to manufacture muskets in 1798 were mostly monetary. By the late 1790s, Whitney was on the verge of bankruptcy and the cotton gin litigation had left him deeply in debt. His New Haven cotton gin factory\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122613\",\n \"text\": \"Whitney's mother, Elizabeth Fay, died in 1777, when he was 11. At age 14 he operated a profitable nail manufacturing operation in his father's workshop during the Revolutionary War. Because his stepmother opposed his wish to attend college, Whitney worked as a farm laborer and school teacher to save money. He prepared for Yale at Leicester Academy (now Becker College) and under the tutelage of Rev. Elizur Goodrich of Durham, Connecticut, he entered in the fall of 1789 and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1792. Whitney expected to study law but, finding himself short of funds, accepted an offer to\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14336010\",\n \"text\": \"the New Haven town line to Dixwell Avenue, the road is state-maintained with an unsigned designation of State Road 707. Within New Haven, Whitney Avenue is a town road. The J route of Connecticut Transit New Haven, which connects New Haven to Waterbury, runs along Whitney Avenue. Whitney Avenue is named after Eli Whitney, Jr., whose factory was located by the Mill River near the road. The New Haven portion of Whitney Avenue \\\"originated as an early road leading from central New Haven northward to Hartford. The Hartford and New Haven Turnpike Company improved it as a turnpike in 1798.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Whitney Avenue\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5429704\",\n \"text\": \"to have standardized, interchangeable parts (for some but not all of its parts). The area around the museum was once known as Whitneyville, the manufacturing village constructed along the Mill River to house the workers at the Whitney Armory, and made famous by painter William Giles Munson, who sketched the Armory in 1826, a year after Whitney died, creating at least 3 paintings from those sketches over the next two decades. The grounds, which span both sides of Whitney Avenue and cross the Mill River, still feature the old barn, stone coal shed and boarding house which date back to\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4563379\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin Eli Smith Benjamin Eli Smith, L.H.D. (February 7, 1857 – March 18, 1913) was an American editor and the son of Eli Smith. Born in Beirut, Ottoman Empire (now Beirut, Lebanon), he graduated from Amherst College (A.B., 1877; A.M., 1881), earning the degree of L.H.D. in 1902. He was managing editor of the first edition of the Century Dictionary, and editor-in-chief of the revised edition after the death of editor William Dwight Whitney in 1894. As the editor, he was also responsible for the \\\"Century Cyclopedia of Names\\\" (1894), the \\\"Century Atlas\\\" (1897), the two-volume \\\"Century Dictionary Supplement\\\" (1909),\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Eli Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9404287\",\n \"text\": \"The plastic grips came in either a black, dark brown or white, the white grips are found mostly on the nickel-plated models. The frame being investment cast by Alcoa was a new idea for the gun industry at the time, now it is widely used by almost every major gun manufacturer today. Its name \\\"Wolverine\\\" was named after Hillberg's favorite football team, the University of Michigan Wolverines. The \\\"Whitney\\\" name was used because the factory was located near the old Eli Whitney factory site. A victim of extremely poor marketing in the beginning, financial problems and then being under priced\",\n \"title\": \"Whitney Wolverine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15630119\",\n \"text\": \"John Craig is a musician. He also has another younger half-brother named Sam Greisman, who is Sally Field's youngest son. Craig is a passionate outdoorsman and worked as an Outward Bound instructor for several years after college. He's led climbing trips up the mountaineers route on Mt. Whitney, Aconcagua, Mt. Rainier, Pico De Orizaba, and Denali. Craig is married to actress and former Yellow \\\"Power Ranger\\\" Sasha Williams, and together they have 2 children: Noah, born in 2006, and Colin, born in 2014. Eli Craig Elijah Matthew \\\"Eli\\\" Craig (born May 25, 1972) is an American-Canadian screenwriter and film director,\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Craig\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122620\",\n \"text\": \"tax for five years, from which about $30,000 was realized. There is a claim that Tennessee paid, perhaps, $10,000. While the cotton gin did not earn Whitney the fortune he had hoped for, it did give him fame. It has been argued by some historians that Whitney's cotton gin was an important if unintended cause of the American Civil War. After Whitney's invention, the plantation slavery industry was rejuvenated, eventually culminating in the Civil War. And the cotton gin transformed Southern agriculture and the national economy. Southern cotton found ready markets in Europe and in the burgeoning textile mills of\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122614\",\n \"text\": \"go to South Carolina as a private tutor. Instead of reaching his destination, he was convinced to visit Georgia. In the closing years of the 18th century, Georgia was a magnet for New Englanders seeking their fortunes (its Revolutionary-era governor had been Lyman Hall, a migrant from Connecticut). When he initially sailed for South Carolina, among his shipmates were the widow (Catherine Littlefield Greene) and family of the Revolutionary hero Gen. Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island. Mrs. Greene invited Whitney to visit her Georgia plantation, Mulberry Grove. Her plantation manager and husband-to-be was Phineas Miller, another Connecticut migrant and Yale\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122617\",\n \"text\": \"outside. Whitney occasionally told a story wherein he was pondering an improved method of seeding the cotton when he was inspired by observing a cat attempting to pull a chicken through a fence, and able to only pull through some of the feathers. A single cotton gin could generate up to of cleaned cotton daily. This contributed to the economic development of the Southern states of the United States, a prime cotton growing area; some historians believe that this invention allowed for the African slavery system in the Southern United States to become more sustainable at a critical point in\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122623\",\n \"text\": \"idea eluded Whitney until near the end of his life, occurring first in others' armories. Attempts at interchangeability of parts can be traced back as far as the Punic Wars through both archaeological remains of boats now in Museo Archeologico Baglio Anselmi and contemporary written accounts. In modern times the idea developed over decades among many people. An early leader was Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, an 18th-century French artillerist who created a fair amount of standardization of artillery pieces, although not true interchangeability of parts. He inspired others, including Honoré Blanc and Louis de Tousard, to work further on the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122619\",\n \"text\": \"sale. Ultimately, patent infringement lawsuits consumed the profits (one patent, later annulled, was granted in 1796 to Hogden Holmes for a gin which substituted circular saws for the spikes) and their cotton gin company went out of business in 1797. One oft-overlooked point is that there were drawbacks to Whitney's first design. There is significant evidence that the design flaws were solved by his sponsor, Mrs. Greene, but Whitney gave her no public credit or recognition. After validation of the patent, the legislature of South Carolina voted $50,000 for the rights for that state, while North Carolina levied a license\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122615\",\n \"text\": \"graduate (class of 1785), who would become Whitney's business partner. Whitney is most famous for two innovations which came to have significant impacts on the United States in the mid-19th century: the cotton gin (1793) and his advocacy of interchangeable parts. In the South, the cotton gin revolutionized the way cotton was harvested and reinvigorated slavery. In the North the adoption of interchangeable parts revolutionized the manufacturing industry, and contributed greatly to the U.S. victory in the Civil War. The cotton gin is a mechanical device that removes the seeds from cotton, a process that had previously been extremely labor-intensive.\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19974081\",\n \"text\": \"India in 2017 for her contribution to literature and education. Eli Ahmed Eli Ahmed is an Indian writer, scriptwriter, director, lyricist, costume designer, actress and social activist. She is also the editor, publisher and proprietor of ‘Orani’, the women’s magazine. It is the only women’s magazine in the Northeast since 1970. She had also organised the first women’s drama group in Assam in 1967. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2017 for her contribution to literature and education. Eli Ahmed was born in an aristocratic family in Nazira. Her father Abdur Rashid, was a\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Ahmed\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7941420\",\n \"text\": \"out of the plan. Worried, Marlon later intervened to stop Eli, but the gun went off accidentally and Marlon was shot in the chest. Marlon recovered, but was angry with Eli. When a story about him being a hero appeared, Marlon was rewarded for his supposed bravery with enough money to buy himself and Donna a house, Eli was jealous and began to blackmail his brother. Zak eventually found out what was going on and physically attacked Eli, calling him a \\\"snivelling little traitor\\\". Instead of leaving town, Eli lay in wait and kidnapped his brother, driving him to the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Dingle\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122630\",\n \"text\": \"to Henrietta Edwards, granddaughter of the famed evangelist Jonathan Edwards, daughter of Pierpont Edwards, head of the Democratic Party in Connecticut, and first cousin of Yale's president, Timothy Dwight, the state's leading Federalist, further tied him to Connecticut's ruling elite. In a business dependent on government contracts, such connections were essential to success. Whitney died of prostate cancer on January 8, 1825, in New Haven, Connecticut, just a month after his 59th birthday. He left a widow and his four children behind. During the course of his illness, he invented and constructed several devices to mechanically ease his pain. These\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"122625\",\n \"text\": \"had burned to the ground, and litigation sapped his remaining resources. The French Revolution had ignited new conflicts between Great Britain, France, and the United States. The new American government, realizing the need to prepare for war, began to rearm. The War Department issued contracts for the manufacture of 10,000 muskets. Whitney, who had never made a gun in his life, obtained a contract in January 1798 to deliver 10,000 to 15,000 muskets in 1800. He had not mentioned interchangeable parts at that time. Ten months later, the Treasury Secretary, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., sent him a \\\"foreign pamphlet on arms\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016919\",\n \"text\": \"script, it was shocking… I was able to tap back into the experiences I had gone through.\\\" Fortunately for Eli, the Hortons welcome Eli with open arms. And according to Hayes, \\\"Julie is entranced\\\" by her grandson. And \\\"He really likes Julie too.\\\" Eli is very excited when he is welcomed into the family – it feels \\\"official\\\" for him now, Archey said. \\\"He's very interested in finding out more\\\" about David's side of the family and though it is what he wants, the situation is a bit \\\"overwhelming.\\\" In the meantime, Eli still wants nothing to do with his\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Grant\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016935\",\n \"text\": \"to totally write Gabi off despite his interest... because Julie said Gabi caused her to have a heart attack by yelling at her.\\\" Then Eli quickly changed his tune when someone else came to Gabi's defense with checking the story. He continued that as a FBI agent, Eli \\\"should be capable of figuring out the truth himself rather than relying on what other people say.\\\" Eli Grant Eli Grant is a fictional character from the long-running NBC daytime soap opera \\\"Days of Our Lives\\\". Created by head writers Dena Higley and Ryan Quan, the role was originated by actor Lamon\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Grant\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10524743\",\n \"text\": \"in the processes of manufacturing arms. On the death of Mr. Whitney in 1825, Blake associated with himself his brother Philos, and continued to manage the business. In 1836 they were joined by another brother, John A., and, under the firm name of Blake Brothers, established at Westville a factory for the production of door locks and latches of their own invention. The business was afterward extended so as to include casters, hinges, and other articles of hardware, most of which were covered by patents. In this branch of manufacture, Blake Brothers were among the pioneers, and long held the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Blake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19974077\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Ahmed Eli Ahmed is an Indian writer, scriptwriter, director, lyricist, costume designer, actress and social activist. She is also the editor, publisher and proprietor of ‘Orani’, the women’s magazine. It is the only women’s magazine in the Northeast since 1970. She had also organised the first women’s drama group in Assam in 1967. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2017 for her contribution to literature and education. Eli Ahmed was born in an aristocratic family in Nazira. Her father Abdur Rashid, was a surgeon. She lost her mother at a young age. She\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Ahmed\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16599387\",\n \"text\": \"the second season of hit TV-series \\\"Point of Entry\\\". The show is filmed and broadcast by Singapore's television station, Mediacorp. Eli T. worked and produced tracks for Disney (Asian-version remix of High School Musical's theme song \\\"Breaking Free\\\"), Wang Lee Hom (multi-platinum-selling Taiwan artiste), Will Pan (Multi-platinum-selling Taiwan artiste) and The Gorillaz (unreleased EMI remix of their smash hit \\\"Feel Good Inc.\\\"). Attempting to explore how music could be used for Education, Eli left the label and started his production company Zai Studios. And in late 2009, Eli had his first major hit song. Eli T. finally decided to launch\",\n \"title\": \"Eli T.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016922\",\n \"text\": \"co-star Camila Banus for being \\\"very bubbly\\\" and \\\"easy to work with.\\\" He continued, \\\"She knows what she's doing and makes the job easier for me.\\\" Eli and Gabi's romance falls apart when he cheats on her. When asked about the two potentially reuniting, Archey said they had been through too much. At the same time, Eli bonds with his colleague Lani Price (Sal Stowers) whom he initially clashes with. Coryon Gray said \\\"Eli seems to understand Lani a lot\\\" and said their interactions put their personalities on display. Gray noted that the writers \\\"are using Eli to help build\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Grant\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7948311\",\n \"text\": \"commander. I look through my binoculars and I see children.\\\" Mr. Begin said he asked the colonel, \\\"Did you get an order to kill those children?\\\" The officer said there had been no such order and Mr. Begin asked, \\\"So what are you complaining about?\\\" In 2014 Norwegian songwriter Moddi released a song named after Eli Geva in support of his insubordination and pacifism. This song was written by Richard Burgess in 1982 for Norwegian singer Birgitte Grimstad. She was persuaded to refrain from performing the song on her Israel tour the same year. Eli Geva Eli Geva (; born\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Geva\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9537981\",\n \"text\": \"Stone Whitney, both of whom were descendants of Watertown settlers of 1635. She had a sister and five brothers. The family moved to East Cambridge by the time that Whitney was 12 years old and returned to Watertown in 1850. Her family were Unitarians and abolitionists. They fought for women's and education rights, as well as abolition of slavery. Except the 1834–1835 school year that she attended at a private school run by Mrs. Samuel Little in Bucksport, Maine, she received her education from private tutors. Her year at private school allowed her to teach. Whitney enjoyed writing poetry and\",\n \"title\": \"Anne Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14193237\",\n \"text\": \"associates around the world. From 1995 until 2009 Whitney served as an advisor and facilitator in the design and development of the United Religions Initiative, a global inter-faith organization dedicated to peace. It was for this purpose that Whitney and David Cooperrider created the processes that Whitney entitled the Appreciative Inquiry Summit. Whitney worked with Case Western Reserve University Weatherhead School of Management faculty David Cooperrider and Ron Fry to assess the need for and design the first Master’s of positive organization development program. In her 1980 dissertation, funded by the National Institute of Education, Whitney studied and mapped the\",\n \"title\": \"Diana Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016918\",\n \"text\": \"getting \\\"something he didn't have\\\" before. Despite the truth coming out, Eli is still \\\"uneasy\\\" because he doesn't know what comes next. Janet Di Lauro said the scenes are \\\"pivotal\\\" for the character of Eli and for Archey as the actor. The plot hits very close to home for Lamon Archey. It mirrors Archey's personal experiences because he only met his own father three times before he died. \\\"I flew out to attend his funeral and kind of went through the same thing that Eli\\\" Archey revealed to \\\"Soap Opera Digest\\\". He continued, \\\"Trust me, when I was reading the\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Grant\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7021794\",\n \"text\": \"Eli P. Ashmun Eli Porter Ashmun (June 24, 1770May 10, 1819) was a Federalist United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1816 to 1818. Eli Porter Ashmun was the eldest child of Justus and Kezia Ashmun. He was born in the vicinity of Fort Edward, New York, from whence the family fled in 1777 during the advance of British troops of John Burgoyne in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War. They settled in Blandford, Massachusetts, where Ashmun's father operated the tavern. Ashmun's education was quite rudimentary, but he was taken under wing by Theodore Sedgwick, who gave him legal\",\n \"title\": \"Eli P. Ashmun\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4942674\",\n \"text\": \"tours of Japan and a full-length album release followed, also entitled \\\"I Am What I Am\\\". In 2007, 2008 and 2009, the tour was also brought to Europe where she maintained a cult following. In December 2009, Whitney had a stroke on stage during a concert in Lorne, Australia, while performing with The Transatlantics at Falls Festival. The remaining dates of her tour were cancelled; after Whitney made a partial recovery she performed again in 2010. In December 2012, Whitney died from complications of pneumonia at her home. She was 68. Marva Whitney Marva Whitney (born Marva Ann Manning, May\",\n \"title\": \"Marva Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19883978\",\n \"text\": \"that NEVER AGAIN is never forgotten. So thank you, Eli for all that you have done specially to educate our youth.\\\" Eli Rubenstein Eli Rubenstein (born 1959) is a Holocaust educator, writer and filmmaker. He is currently the religious leader of Congregation Habonim Toronto a Toronto synagogue founded by Holocaust survivors. He is also the National Director of March of the Living Canada, Director of Education for March of the Living International, Director of March of Remembrance and Hope Canada, and Chairman of the Canadian Friends of the Israel Guide Dog Center for the Blind. Rubenstein has produced and directed\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Rubenstein\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14284838\",\n \"text\": \"Agency for Israel and a member of the Amidar housing company's directorate. Ovadia Eli Ovadia Eli (, born 22 May 1945) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud from 1984 until 1996, Deputy Minister of Defense between 1991 and 1992, and mayor of Afula from 1978 until 1991. Since leaving the Knesset, he has headed several government-owned companies, and is currently the CEO of the Israel Airports Authority. Born in Khanaqin in Iraq in 1945, Eli made aliyah to Israel in 1950. He studied at the Lifschitz Seminar for Education, and received\",\n \"title\": \"Ovadia Eli\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14284835\",\n \"text\": \"Ovadia Eli Ovadia Eli (, born 22 May 1945) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud from 1984 until 1996, Deputy Minister of Defense between 1991 and 1992, and mayor of Afula from 1978 until 1991. Since leaving the Knesset, he has headed several government-owned companies, and is currently the CEO of the Israel Airports Authority. Born in Khanaqin in Iraq in 1945, Eli made aliyah to Israel in 1950. He studied at the Lifschitz Seminar for Education, and received a BA from the University of Haifa, after which he worked as\",\n \"title\": \"Ovadia Eli\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6959852\",\n \"text\": \"into more traditional tropes of the early 20th century. Mary Whitney died in Waltham on January 20, 1921 of pneumonia. Mary Watson Whitney Mary Watson Whitney (September 11, 1847 – January 20, 1921) was an American astronomer and for 22 years the head of the Vassar Observatory where 102 scientific papers were published under her guidance. Whitney was born in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1847. Her mother was Mary Watson Crehore and her father was Samuel Buttrick Whitney. Her father was successful in real estate and wealthy enough to provide her with a good education for a woman at the time.\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Watson Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20537277\",\n \"text\": \"Albert Wurts Whitney Albert Wurts Whitney (20 June 1870, Geneva, Illinois – 27 July 1943) was a statistician and actuarial scientist, known for his role in the application of Bayes' rule to the development of standards in setting insurance premiums for workmen's compensation. He was a pioneer in accident prevention work and public safety education. The son of the Yale alumnus Reverend Henry Mitchell Whitney, Albert W. Whitney was part of the Dwight family of New England. He graduated from Beloit College in 1891 and married Martha Reynolds Bill in 1899. From to 1922 to 1924 Whitney was the chair\",\n \"title\": \"Albert Wurts Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11717355\",\n \"text\": \"an engagement present. Later, a bus crashes into the market and Whitney is trapped underneath it. Whitney is rescued and in hospital, she talks to Mick about her marriage. He comforts her and she kisses him, which is seen by Denise Fox (Diane Parish). Whitney decides to organise a night out and pawns her wedding ring for cash. Lee discovers what she has done and they start arguing. When Whitney says he doesn't deserve her, Lee slaps her in the face. Shortly after the incident Whitney lays on the bed in silence, with Lee begging for forgiveness. Whitney confides in\",\n \"title\": \"Whitney Dean\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19600055\",\n \"text\": \"best and said, \\\"I think she's one of the all-time greats.\\\" On August 26, Lady Eli entered the Ballston Spa Stakes in what would be her final appearance at Saratoga (it had been previously announced that she would be sold as a broodmare prospect at the Keeneland November sales.) After racing on the rail behind the early pace set by Dickinson, Lady Eli waited until a small hole opened that allowed her to get racing room on the outside. Lady Eli then quickly drew clear of the field, winning comfortably by lengths. \\\"She really is a horse of a lifetime,\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Lady Eli\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7081893\",\n \"text\": \"and education. The International Business Center (IBC) was designated as a Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER), a type of U.S. Department of Education designation as a National Resource Center, in 1990. The center provides education, research, and assistance on issues of importance to international trade and global competitiveness. It is the headquarters of the Academy of International Business and developed the globalEDGE research tool. Eli Broad College of Business The Eli Broad College of Business is the business college at Michigan State University. The college has programs in accounting, finance, general management, human resource management, marketing, supply\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Broad College of Business\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12727500\",\n \"text\": \"of the truck she was in and throwing a hand grenade under another truck. She then drives back towards the house to find Eli. Rather than chase her, Carnegie returns to the town, since his sole remaining vehicle is running low on fuel. Solara finds Eli, and they drive until they reach the Golden Gate Bridge, and then row to Alcatraz Island, where they find a group intent on preserving what they can of literature and music. Eli tells the guards that he has a copy of the King James Version of the Bible. Once inside, Eli, revealed to be\",\n \"title\": \"The Book of Eli\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8361401\",\n \"text\": \"to which she replies that there is not. Eli then sits crying at the answer. Knowing his destiny is to usher in a new age without the gods, Eli faces it knowing it is what he must do. Ares confronts him and Gabrielle. He tells Eli that he must die so that the gods can live. Gabrielle defends him, but he tells her that she cannot save him with violence, but he tells her it is for the greater good. Gabrielle turns her back to him so she will not see Ares kill Eli. The death of Eli triggers courage\",\n \"title\": \"Eli (Xena: Warrior Princess)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13753261\",\n \"text\": \"While in private practice, Whitney Debevoise represented the central banks and finance ministries of many countries, as well as the Bank for International Settlements, the World Bank, the African Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Debevoise has been involved in transactions ranging from Brazil's $49 billion Brady Plan exercise to numerous Yankee bond, Samurai bond, and Eurobond issuances in ten different currencies. He was involved with billion dollar equity placements of shares in firms, such as Telfonica Argentina, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras), and Unibanco-Uniao de Bancos Brasileiros. For his efforts, Brazil awarded Debevoise\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Whitney Debevoise II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8361399\",\n \"text\": \"the soldiers and crucified. With his friends Xena and Gabrielle now dead, Eli begins doubting the power of his god. Amarice blames him because his preaching the Way of Love made Gabrielle weak. He asks his god: \\\"What good is this gift if I can't at least protect the ones I love? Why did you even give this to me? What am I supposed to do?\\\" Eli's god answers his questions when the powers in heaven send an angelic Callisto to Eli in a vision. In the vision she tells Eli that he must use his powers to bring Xena\",\n \"title\": \"Eli (Xena: Warrior Princess)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7363795\",\n \"text\": \"Eli C. D. Shortridge Eli C. D. Shortridge (March 29, 1830 – February 4, 1908) was an American politician who was the third Governor of North Dakota from 1893 to 1895. Shortridge was the first governor to live in the executive mansion. Born Eli Charles Daniel Shortridge, he was the eighth of nine children born to Levi and Elizabeth Love Shortridge. Shortridge was born in Cabell County (in modern-day West Virginia; the county was still a part of Virginia at the time of his birth), and grew up in Monroe County, Missouri. He completed his education at an academy located\",\n \"title\": \"Eli C. D. Shortridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15935136\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Blakstad Eli Blakstad (born 10 August 1962) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. She finished her secondary education in 1981, and graduated from Jønsberg Agricultural School in 1982 and Telemark University College in 1985. She was hired as an accountant in Sør-Fron in 1985, and since 1990 she has also been a farmer. From 2001 to 2011 she was the chief executive officer of Peer Gynt AS. She was a board member of Norges Bygdeungdomslag from 1983 to 1984, and the first female leader of the organization from 1986 to 1988. During her leadership she was also\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Blakstad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3279882\",\n \"text\": \"had brought the Ark with them to battle under the premise that there was no possible way God would allow it to enter enemy hands, an assumption that proved to be incorrect. Eli, who is nearly blind, is unaware of the event until he asks about all the commotion. Eli, sitting in a chair, is told what has happened by a soldier who has fled the battle. In reaction to the news that the Ark of God has been captured, Eli falls backwards out of the chair and dies from a broken neck, on the 10th day of Iyar. He\",\n \"title\": \"Eli (biblical figure)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20447755\",\n \"text\": \"of the house demonstrate the prosperity of Windsor's farmers in the mid-19th century. Of the town's surviving Italianate houses, this one is the largest and most elaborately styled. Eli Phelps House The Eli Phelps House is a historic house at 18 Marshall Phelps Road in Windsor, Connecticut. Built about 1860, it is one of the town's largest and most elaborate examples of Italianate architecture executed in brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Eli Phelps House stands in what is now a residential area of northern Windsor, on the north side of Marshall\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Phelps House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20447753\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Phelps House The Eli Phelps House is a historic house at 18 Marshall Phelps Road in Windsor, Connecticut. Built about 1860, it is one of the town's largest and most elaborate examples of Italianate architecture executed in brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Eli Phelps House stands in what is now a residential area of northern Windsor, on the north side of Marshall Phelps Road just west of Kendrick Lane. It is a two-story masonry structure, with a flat roof that has deep eaves supported by paired Italianate brackets. The roof\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Phelps House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19249556\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Cook (musician) Eli Cook (born April 24, 1986) is an American blues singer, songwriter, guitarist and record producer. Cook has released six albums before his 30th birthday. AllMusic noted that Cook \\\"has what it takes to be the best blues singer of his generation.\\\" \\\"Blues Matters!\\\" stated that Cook is \\\"among the top 3 solo blues artists world-wide.\\\" His main influences came from the work of John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, Soundgarden, and Rage Against the Machine. Eli Cook was born in Nelson County, Virginia, United States. He learned to play the guitar by the age of 13, while\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Cook (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4326028\",\n \"text\": \"led the fundraising campaign to build the Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall, which opened in October 2003. Broad was instrumental in securing the $50 million deposit from the project developer that opened Grand Park in summer 2012. Broad’s first civic board membership and significant investment in education was a $10 million commitment to Pitzer College in 1970. He was eventually named chairman of the board. In 1991, Broad endowed the Eli Broad College of Business and the Eli Broad Graduate School of Management with $20 million for a full-time MBA program at his alma mater, Michigan State University. The\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Broad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3882052\",\n \"text\": \"Party 1961–1965. His grandson is the Social Democratic politician Sten Heckscher. Eli Heckscher Eli Filip Heckscher (24 November 1879 – 23 December 1952) was a Swedish political economist and economic historian. Heckscher was born in Stockholm, son of the Jewish Danish-born businessman Isidor Heckscher and his spouse Rosa Meyer, and completed his secondary education there in 1897. He studied at Uppsala University and Gothenburg University, completing his PhD in Uppsala in 1907. He was professor of Political economy and Statistics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1909 until 1919, when he exchanged that chair for a research professorship in\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Heckscher\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3882050\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Heckscher Eli Filip Heckscher (24 November 1879 – 23 December 1952) was a Swedish political economist and economic historian. Heckscher was born in Stockholm, son of the Jewish Danish-born businessman Isidor Heckscher and his spouse Rosa Meyer, and completed his secondary education there in 1897. He studied at Uppsala University and Gothenburg University, completing his PhD in Uppsala in 1907. He was professor of Political economy and Statistics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1909 until 1919, when he exchanged that chair for a research professorship in economic history, finally retiring as emeritus professor in 1945. In 1929\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Heckscher\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1797034\",\n \"text\": \"from subduction rose underneath what is now Whitney and solidified underground to form large expanses of granite. In the last 2 to 10 million years, the Sierra was pushed up which enabled glacial and river erosion to strip the upper layers of rock to reveal the resistant granite that makes up Mount Whitney today. In July 1864, the members of the California Geological Survey named the peak after Josiah Whitney, the State Geologist of California and benefactor of the survey. During the same expedition, geologist Clarence King attempted to climb Whitney from its west side, but stopped just short. In\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4326037\",\n \"text\": \"billionaires) that was designed to charterize 50% of LA public schools. According to one unnamed critic at portside.org, such an outcome would \\\"do away with democratically controlled, publicly accountable education in LA.\\\" Eli Broad Eli Broad (; born June 6, 1933) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the only person to build two Fortune 500 companies in different industries (KB Home and SunAmerica). As of October 2015, Forbes ranked Broad the 65th wealthiest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $7.4 billion. Broad was born in 1933 in the Bronx, New York, the only child\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Broad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6959848\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Watson Whitney Mary Watson Whitney (September 11, 1847 – January 20, 1921) was an American astronomer and for 22 years the head of the Vassar Observatory where 102 scientific papers were published under her guidance. Whitney was born in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1847. Her mother was Mary Watson Crehore and her father was Samuel Buttrick Whitney. Her father was successful in real estate and wealthy enough to provide her with a good education for a woman at the time. She went to school in Waltham where she excelled in mathematics and graduated from the public high school in 1863.\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Watson Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12131689\",\n \"text\": \"a grandson of George Macculloch Miller (1832–1917), the founder what would become the United Hospital Fund. The marriage to \\\"Cully\\\" Miller was long and happy, and Whitney had two more children: She died on July 18, 1986 at Community Hospital in Glen Cove, L.I. Whitney's grandson John LeBoutillier is a political columnist and commentator and a one-term U.S. Representative representing a Long Island district. Her great-grandson, Josiah Hornblower (son of Whitney Tower's daughter, Alexandra Tower Hornblower Thorne) was featured in the documentary \\\"Born Rich\\\". Flora Payne Whitney Flora Payne Whitney, also known as Flora Whitney Miller (July 27, 1897 –\",\n \"title\": \"Flora Payne Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20537278\",\n \"text\": \"of the American Engineering Standards Committee. In 1924 he was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Toronto. Albert Wurts Whitney Albert Wurts Whitney (20 June 1870, Geneva, Illinois – 27 July 1943) was a statistician and actuarial scientist, known for his role in the application of Bayes' rule to the development of standards in setting insurance premiums for workmen's compensation. He was a pioneer in accident prevention work and public safety education. The son of the Yale alumnus Reverend Henry Mitchell Whitney, Albert W. Whitney was part of the Dwight family of New England. He graduated from Beloit College\",\n \"title\": \"Albert Wurts Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11717323\",\n \"text\": \"ends their affair. Devastated when Tony accepts Bianca's marriage proposal, Whitney locks herself in her bedroom. Not knowing what to do, Bianca accepts Dr Poppy Merritt's (Amy Darcy) help and she refers Whitney to a psychiatrist. Bianca takes her away on holiday, attempting to mend their relationship. When they return, Tony and Whitney share a passionate kiss, and Tony informs Whitney that their relationship is back on. Whitney becomes jealous when Tony begins showing an interest in Bianca's cousin, Lauren Branning (Madeline Duggan). As her sixteenth birthday approaches, she buys tickets for them to travel abroad. Tony loses interest in\",\n \"title\": \"Whitney Dean\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15154663\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Clay Whitney Henry Clay Whitney (23 February 1831 – 27 February 1905) was a United States lawyer who was a close friend of President Abraham Lincoln, and later a biographer of the president. Henry Clay Whitney was born on 23 February 1831 in Detroit, Maine, son of Alfred Metcalf Whitney of Chicago. He received a classical education at Augusta College, Kentucky and at Farmer's College, Ohio, and then studied Law at the Cincinnati and Chicago law schools. In 1854 he moved to Urbana, Illinois, where he entered the practice of law. Around the time when he first appeared at\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Clay Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17014303\",\n \"text\": \"James Amaziah Whitney James Amaziah Whitney (30 June 1839, Rochester, New York - 1907) was a United States lawyer and author. He was the son of Amaziah (22 July 1813 - 7 August 1853) and Margaret S. (née Taylor; 27 December 1818, Scotland - 29 March 1895) Whitney. In childhood, he moved with his parents to Maryland, New York, where he received a common-school education, and began his career as a farmer. In 1860, he began studying chemistry, mechanics, and engineering on his own. In 1865, Whitney became a writer of specifications in the office of a firm of patent\",\n \"title\": \"James Amaziah Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18760410\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Whitney Mark Whitney produces and performs Late Nite Last Week, the #1 political satire show on Apple Podcasts. He has toured as a one-man show since 2006. Whitney’s one man shows include \\\"The EDucation of Dianne,\\\" and \\\"Fool For A Client.\\\" He has been profiled by Robert McKee in Story Magazine, sharing the cover with Drew Carey and Russell Brand. Whitney founded and ran the San Diego Comedy Co-op where he produced approximately 500 free shows over three years. He performs at Fringe Festivals including Capital Fringe Festival and Minnesota Fringe Festival. Whitney won an award at the San\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12074383\",\n \"text\": \"the next day, and Petersmeyer went on to become a partner at the firm and run Whitney Communications. Whitney had been investing since the 1930s, founding Pioneer Pictures in 1933 and acquiring a 15% interest in Technicolor Corporation with his cousin Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney. It was not until after World War II that what is considered today to be true private equity investments began to emerge marked by the founding of the first two venture capital firms in 1946: American Research and Development Corporation. (ARDC) and J.H. Whitney & Company. Whitney would become a highly professional organization, whereas before World\",\n \"title\": \"J.H. Whitney & Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"814838\",\n \"text\": \"for what Ellen Reiss has described as Siegel's \\\"beautiful, faithful, passionate, critical, loving attention to the world and humanity\\\". Eli Siegel Eli Siegel (August 16, 1902 – November 8, 1978) was the poet, critic, and educator who founded Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy that sees reality as the aesthetic oneness of opposites. An idea central to this philosophy—that every person, place or thing in reality has something in common with all other things—was expressed in his award-winning poem, \\\"Hot Afternoons Have Been in Montana.\\\" Two highly acclaimed volumes of poetry were published during his lifetime, and in 1958, he was nominated\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Siegel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19600041\",\n \"text\": \"the Flower Bowl Stakes in October. With her 2017 wins in the Gamely Stakes and Diana Stakes, she won at least one Grade I race in each of her four racing seasons. Bred by Runnymede Farm, Lady Eli is by Divine Park out of Sacre Coeur, both of whom were also bred by Runnymede. Martin O'Dowd of Runnymede Farm would later say: \\\"[Lady Eli] was very independent, but also easy to live with. She was a big, strong filly. As a yearling she was agreeable prepping for the sale; she came out and did what you asked her to do\",\n \"title\": \"Lady Eli\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11312410\",\n \"text\": \"alone, she was pushed over the edge. This began his theory that mental retardation (insanity at the time) was a disease and had a cause and possibly a cure. This began his revolutionary treatments, and what made the government give so much money for the mental hospital to be built. Eli Todd Dr. Eli Todd (July 22, 1769 – November 17, 1833) was a pioneer in the treatment of the mentally ill. His efforts in the medical field of mental care and smallpox treatment had a significant impact on not only the residents of his town, Farmington, Connecticut, but contributed\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4743996\",\n \"text\": \"his mother's side, of Eli Whitney, and of six colonial governors of Connecticut on his father's side. As an undergraduate, Griswold, along with a handful of students and faculty members, founded the Yale Political Union. He taught English for a year, then changed to history, which he taught at Yale from 1933, becoming an assistant professor in 1938, an associate professor in 1942, and a full professor in 1947. Griswold received a Ph.D. in the new field of History, the Arts and Letters, writing the first dissertation in American Studies in 1933. The American cult of success was the dissertation's\",\n \"title\": \"Alfred Whitney Griswold\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11737128\",\n \"text\": \"Eli Ayers Eli Ayers (May 9, 1778 – April 25, 1822) was a physician and the first colonial agent of the American Colonization Society in what later became Liberia. He was born in 1778 in Shiloh, New Jersey, and married Elizabeth West in 1812. He practiced medicine in Woodbury, New Jersey. On August 7, 1821, he left New York for West Africa on the USS \\\"Shark\\\". Together with Robert F. Stockton of the USS \\\"Alligator\\\" he extorted a treaty under duress with six tribal kings on the purchase of land at Cape Mesurado. He served as the colonial agent of\",\n \"title\": \"Eli Ayers\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["yale university","yale college"],"string":"[\n \"yale university\",\n \"yale college\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1283,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what movies has renee zellweger been in?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1648470","text":"Victoria, London. Her performance as Bridget received praise from critics with Stephen Holden of \"The New York Times\" commenting, \"Ms. Zellweger accomplishes the small miracle of making Bridget both entirely endearing and utterly real.\" This role won her a second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and her first Academy Award and BAFTA Award nominations for Best Leading Actress. \"Bridget Jones's Diary\" was a major commercial success, earning US$281 million worldwide. Zellweger took on the role of a former actress serving as a foster mother, alongside Michelle Pfeiffer, in the drama \"White Oleander\",","title":"Renée Zellweger"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648470\",\n \"text\": \"Victoria, London. Her performance as Bridget received praise from critics with Stephen Holden of \\\"The New York Times\\\" commenting, \\\"Ms. Zellweger accomplishes the small miracle of making Bridget both entirely endearing and utterly real.\\\" This role won her a second Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and her first Academy Award and BAFTA Award nominations for Best Leading Actress. \\\"Bridget Jones's Diary\\\" was a major commercial success, earning US$281 million worldwide. Zellweger took on the role of a former actress serving as a foster mother, alongside Michelle Pfeiffer, in the drama \\\"White Oleander\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1648463","text":"Killers\") to be as fresh as it should be\". The part earned her an Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance. Zellweger subsequently relocated to Los Angeles, a move she had postponed several; times because she believed she lacked the talent and experience to be a competitive actor in that city. She would next appear in the coming-of-age drama \"Empire Records\" (1995). Rotten Tomatoes' consensus was: \"Despite a terrific soundtrack and a strong early performance from Renee Zellweger, \"Empire Records\" is mostly a silly and predictable teen dramedy.\" Zellweger became widely known to audiences with \"Jerry Maguire\" (1996), in which","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648487","text":"relationship with musician Jack White. In May 2005, Zellweger married singer Kenny Chesney. Four months later the couple obtained an annulment. In 2009, she started dating Bradley Cooper, after having met on the set of \"Case 39\" in 2009. They separated in 2011. Since 2012, she has been in a relationship with musician/songwriter/producer Doyle Bramhall II. Zellweger took part in the 2005 HIV prevention campaign of the Swiss federal health department. Zellweger is one of the patrons for gender equality foundation The GREAT Initiative; in 2011 she visited Liberia with the charity. In April 2011, she collaborated with Tommy Hilfiger","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"7587389","text":"lines: What Kind of Day Has It Been \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is the 22nd episode of \"The West Wing\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \"Sports Night\" and \"Studio","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"7587380","text":"What Kind of Day Has It Been \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is the 22nd episode of \"The West Wing\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \"Sports Night\" and \"Studio 60","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"4122104","text":"is impaired [59], DHA supplementation was recommended, but a placebo-controlled study has since showed no clinical efficacy. Due to the defective bile acid synthesis, fat soluble supplements of vitamins, A, D, E, and K are recommended. Currently, no cure for Zellweger syndrome is known, nor is a course of treatment made standard. Infections should be guarded against to prevent such complications as pneumonia and respiratory distress. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Patients usually do not survive beyond one year of age. Zellweger syndrome Zellweger syndrome is one of three peroxisome biogenesis disorders which belong to the Zellweger spectrum of","title":"Zellweger syndrome"},{"psg_id":"1648484","text":"for the most\". She played the friend of a New York City singer who gets a life-changing medical diagnosis in the independent drama \"Here and Now\" (2018), opposite Sarah Jessica Parker. Zellweger stars as Judy Garland in the upcoming biopic film \"Judy\", directed by Rupert Goold. Zellweger has appeared on the covers and photo sessions of several magazines throughout her career; she appeared on the September 1997 cover of \"Vanity Fair\", and in subsequent years, the list has grown to include \"Vogue\", \"Detour\", \"Allure\" and \"Harper's Bazaar\". Zellweger often attracts attention for her style on awards shows and red carpet","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"10844415","text":"to interview Renee. Jack calls CTU and gets Chloe, after talking to her, he asks her to patch him through to Renee. Renee and she asks him what he meant that she had him, he tells her that he meant it just like it sounded. She asks him what they do next, and he says that they will figure it out. Jack figures out that they are setting Renee up to have her take the fall, and he busts into the interrogation and chokes the DoD woman, throwing her against the wall. Telling her that after everything Renee has done","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"4122099","text":"Zellweger syndrome Zellweger syndrome is one of three peroxisome biogenesis disorders which belong to the Zellweger spectrum of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD-ZSD). The other two disorders are neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and infantile Refsum disease (IRD). Although all have a similar molecular basis for disease, Zellweger syndrome is the most severe of these three disorders.<ref name=\"doi10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_26\"></ref> Zellweger syndrome is associated with impaired neuronal migration, neuronal positioning, and brain development. In addition, individuals with Zellweger syndrome can show a reduction in central nervous system (CNS) myelin (particularly cerebral), which is referred to as hypomyelination. Myelin is critical for normal CNS functions, and","title":"Zellweger syndrome"},{"psg_id":"1648467","text":"would have expected.\" After playing the female lead opposite Chris O'Donnell in the little-seen romantic comedy \"The Bachelor\" (1999), Zellweger starred in the Farrelly brothers comedy \"Me, Myself & Irene\" (2000), with Jim Carrey, as a woman in the run for what she believes is a false accusation set up by her mob-connected ex-boyfriend. The film was a commercial success, grossing US$149 million worldwide. In \"Nurse Betty\" (also 2000), a black comedy directed by Neil LaBute and alongside Morgan Freeman, Zellweger played a Kansas waitress who suffers a nervous breakdown after witnessing her husband's murder. \"San Francisco Chronicle\" found the","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"10368637","text":"visually and manually observe the geometry and the network of symmetry relationships among all 16 binary connectives of two-valued logic, it then becomes far easier for them to perform what are normally considered to be highly abstract logical operations. Zellweger’s publications and models permit students to literally “see”, “touch”, “play with”, “work with”, and “think about” the natural beauty of logic. His work is now on display at the Museum of Jurassic Technology, Culver City, California. (See Flickr image: ) Shea Zellweger Shea Zellweger (born September 7, 1925 in Chicago, Illinois, USA) served as Chair of the Psychology Department at","title":"Shea Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648489","text":"She was awarded Germany's Golden Camera Award for Best International Actress in 2010. Renée Zellweger Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She established herself as one of the highest-paid Hollywood actresses by 2007, and was named Hasty Pudding's Woman of the Year in 2009. Zellweger had her first starring role in \"\" (1994). She subsequently earned early acclaim with a brief but notable appearance in \"Empire Records\"","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648455","text":"Renée Zellweger Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She established herself as one of the highest-paid Hollywood actresses by 2007, and was named Hasty Pudding's Woman of the Year in 2009. Zellweger had her first starring role in \"\" (1994). She subsequently earned early acclaim with a brief but notable appearance in \"Empire Records\" (1995), and was introduced to mainstream audiences in \"Jerry Maguire\" (1996). For \"Nurse","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"10844385","text":"reveals the show's Executive Producer Howard Gordon. \"She is somebody who has probably pressed up against the limitations of what's been allowed [according to the law]. Her soul is in balance in the question. Is it worth doing whatever's necessary at the personal price it extracts?\" Renee is tough and strong willed, and has been shown to disobey orders or push the limits of the law when she believes such actions are necessary. Throughout Day 7, she takes in what Jack Bauer does and gradually becomes more rogue and puts justice before the job. When first meeting Jack, Renee was","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"10844403","text":"warning removes his thumb and the device with a nearby power saw. Upon hearing the contact's screams, Jack rushes into the contacts shop to see what Renee has done and says that she has gone too far. Jack is persuaded by Renee to continue the mission, and the contact drives Renee to Vladimir as Jack follows. Renee is put through a 'test' of sorts by Vladimir, to make sure she is legit. He believes her cover and she is in. She tells Vladimir that she has a buyer for him (Ernst Meier, who is Jack undercover), someone who is interested","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"14825186","text":"him, knowing she's rich. Renee accepts but Ben has second thoughts and tells her he needs her for her money. Renee is hurt and breaks it off with him. Mike Delfino (James Denton) tells Renee that Ben borrowed money from a loan shark, but cannot pay him back. Renee goes to see Ben to offer her help, but he does not want it. She ends up paying off the loan shark anyway hoping that would be the end of Ben's problems. Ben is not too happy to learn that Renee paid him off but she tells Ben she does what","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"20590993","text":"Zellweger spectrum disorders Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare disorders that create the same disease process. The subdivisions of this spectrum are hyperpipecolic acidemia, Infantile Refsum disease, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and Zellweger syndrome. It can also be referred to as Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders, Zellweger Syndrome Spectrum, NALD, Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome, and ZSS. It can affect many body organs, including the kidneys, eyes, and hearing. It is named after Hans Zellweger. The symptoms of the disorders can vary from every patient. Most symptoms are noticeable at birth. There is often lack in growth and muscle tone as the child develops.","title":"Zellweger spectrum disorders"},{"psg_id":"10844407","text":"out now will make what she has done for nothing. Laitanin interrupts them, saying that they need to start making calls before the deal takes place. Renee, Jack, and Laitanin go back into his office and he begins making calls. As he hangs up with another contact who knows nothing, he asks Renee to cut him some bread. He offers a vodka to Jack, which he takes, reluctantly. He goes back to Renee and suggestively helps her cut the bread, he thanks 'Meier' for breaking in Renee in the six years since he'd seen her. Jack tells him to stop","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"10844386","text":"reluctant to do the things that Jack Bauer would do in order to get what they needed such as torture, but by the end of Day 7, Renee resorts to torture in order to get the answers that she needs. Renee is introduced when she pulls Jack Bauer out of a Senate hearing so he can advise and aid the FBI in tracking down Tony Almeida, who has been involved in terrorist activities. Over time, she gives him more power, allowing him to interrogate Almeida. After Jack subdues her and escapes with Almeida, her anger and guilt over his betrayal","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"10844399","text":"see the lives lost. He tells her the only advice he can give is that she try to make the decisions she can live with. An emotional Renee tells him she does not know what to say, and Jack gently caresses her face and tells her not to say anything. Jack is then taken to the hospital, and Renee takes Wilson to the FBI headquarters. Renee enters to Wilson's holding room and shuts down all the monitoring equipment. When Janis interrupts with a form for Renee to sign, and refuses to leave when she realizes what Renee intends to do,","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"1648458","text":"the oil refining business. Her mother, Kjellfrid Irene (\"née\" Andreassen), is Norwegian. Kjellfrid grew up in Ekkerøy near Vadsø, and also Kirkenes, and was a nurse and midwife who moved to the United States to work as a governess for a Norwegian family in Texas. Zellweger has described herself as being raised in a family of \"lazy Catholics and Episcopalians\". Zellweger attended Katy High School, where she was a cheerleader, gymnast, speech team member, and drama club member. She also participated in soccer, basketball, baseball, and football. In 1986, her academic paper, \"The Karankawas and Their Roots\", won third place","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648474","text":"boxing champion James J. Braddock in Ron Howard's drama \"Cinderella Man\", opposite Russell Crowe and Paul Giamatti. In his review for the film, David Ansen of \"Newsweek\", wrote that the actress \"has an uncanny ability to make us swallow even the most movie-ish moments\". On May 24, 2005, Zellweger received her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Zellweger portrayed acclaimed author Beatrix Potter in the biographical comedy \"Miss Potter\", with Emily Watson and Ewan McGregor. She also served as an executive producer as she wanted to get more involved in the production. William Arnold, of \"Seattle Post-Intelligencer\" concluded that","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648466","text":"a \"ferociously strong performance\". Zellweger also starred in the 1998 drama \"One True Thing\", opposite William Hurt and Meryl Streep, as a woman forced to put her life on hold in order to care for her mother who is dying of cancer. \"One True Thing\" took in a modest US$23 million in the US, but had a positive critical response; \"Variety\" magazine's Todd McCarthy stated about Zellweger: \"Projecting gravity and impatience that she hasn't shown before, Zellweger is outstanding as the smart young woman who resents the interruption to her life’s momentum but ends up growing in ways she never","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648468","text":"actress to be \"a performer who emanates kindness and a pure heart\", and \"Variety\" remarked: \"Few actresses can convey the kind of honesty and humanity that Zellweger does here — it’s hard to imagine the film without her dominant, thoroughly credible performance\". She won her first Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, but she was in the bathroom when future co-star Hugh Grant announced her name. Zellweger later protested: \"I had lipstick on my teeth!\" In 2001, Zellweger gained the prized lead role of Bridget Jones, opposite Hugh Grant and Colin Firth, in the","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"10368624","text":"Shea Zellweger Shea Zellweger (born September 7, 1925 in Chicago, Illinois, USA) served as Chair of the Psychology Department at the University of Mount Union from 1969 to 1992. Zellweger’s lifetime achievements and academic contributions to education continue to be significant. He received his Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology at Temple University in 1966. His doctoral dissertation focused on early visual stimulation experience and its later effects on discrimination learning. Zellweger is probably best known for his creation of a simpler and more mentally intuitive system of logic notation called the Logic Alphabet. The Logic Alphabet, also known as the X-stem","title":"Shea Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"8036603","text":"Zellweger plants. Zellweger off-peak Zellweger is the brand name of an electric switching device used for to control off-peak electrical loads such as water heaters. It is an example of carrier current signaling. Power stations transmit a ripple signal on the main transmission lines when off-peak rates start (often around 10 pm). This ripple noise is picked up by the Zellweger, which after a random delay turns the hot water heater on. The noise is often picked up by other equipment, especially audio amplifiers and stereos and the noise can cause problems with other electrical devices. It is especially audible","title":"Zellweger off-peak"},{"psg_id":"10844411","text":"into the adjacent garage, killing the other guard outside. Jack goes over to Renee and hugs her, noticing the state of Laitanin's body, while she begins to cry. She tells Jack that she doesn't have anything, or anyone. He returns that she has him. Jack and Renee talk about what happened to Vladimir, and Renee seems to need convincing that it was in fact, self-defense. She didn't think it would work, since she stabbed Valdimir so many times. Jack told her it was just that, nothing else. It was self-defense. Meanwhile, Jack calls Cole and tells him and his team","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"12698769","text":"CBS, NBC, Fox, Bravo, USA, MTV, CMT, GAC, BBC, PBS, and NPR. Grant-Williams’ skills were used in a recent Country Music Association, Closeup Magazine article, where she explained, “Emergency repairs are often what bring singers to me. But the goal is to keep accidents…from happening.” Renee Grant-Williams Renee Grant-Williams is an American vocal coach living in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. She is also an active classical singer, conductor, communication skills expert, and published author. Grant-Williams is considered one of the most effective voice coaches in the business and has been a consultant to nearly every major record label. Her client","title":"Renee Grant-Williams"},{"psg_id":"7587387","text":"Sorkin, Fox later apologized, saying it was her fault for missing her mark. \"The West Wing\"'s first season finale was nominated for an Emmy award for Outstanding Single Camera Picture Editing for a Series (Tina Hirsch). This was one of two Emmy nominations the series received in this category for 2000, the other being for episode 10, \"In Excelsis Deo\" (Bill Johnson). In the end the award was won by ER, but Hirsch did win an Eddie Award for Best Edited One-Hour Series for Television. \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" was also one of eight episodes submitted for","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"7587381","text":"on the Sunset Strip\", as well as the series finale of \"The Newsroom\", all of which were created by Aaron Sorkin. It was also a quote by Leo in the fourth-season episode \"Commencement\" in the situation room. Sorkin claimed that he took the phrase from Robert Whitehead, lead producer of Sorkin's \"A Few Good Men,\" who used to start meetings at the end of rehearsal days by asking this question. \"What Kind of Day Has it Been\" begins with the president attending a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. As the entourage exits the building, Secret Service Agent Gina Toscano","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"20590997","text":"therapy, and other medical services to aid the child through treatment. There are medical trials taking place to learn more about these disorders. Most infants that are diagnosed do not live past 6 months. It can be diagnosed by a blood test looking for PEX genes in the body. It occurs in 1 in 50,000 individuals. Zellweger spectrum disorders Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare disorders that create the same disease process. The subdivisions of this spectrum are hyperpipecolic acidemia, Infantile Refsum disease, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and Zellweger syndrome. It can also be referred to as Peroxisomal Biogenesis","title":"Zellweger spectrum disorders"},{"psg_id":"8036602","text":"handled by authorised people as breakage of the glass tube could cause a dangerous situation by releasing the radioactive material. The device reportedly contains a 'glow tube' containing tritium and radium. A few images are attached from an older electromechanical Zellweger ripple plant near Silverdale. Many of these Zellweger plants are still in use in New Zealand. Frequency used is 1050 Hz, superimposed upon the 50 Hz mains. Solid state Zellweger equipment is used as well, which can directly inject into the 22 kV or 33 kV sub transmission mains instead of the 11 kV mains as with these older","title":"Zellweger off-peak"},{"psg_id":"8036598","text":"Zellweger off-peak Zellweger is the brand name of an electric switching device used for to control off-peak electrical loads such as water heaters. It is an example of carrier current signaling. Power stations transmit a ripple signal on the main transmission lines when off-peak rates start (often around 10 pm). This ripple noise is picked up by the Zellweger, which after a random delay turns the hot water heater on. The noise is often picked up by other equipment, especially audio amplifiers and stereos and the noise can cause problems with other electrical devices. It is especially audible from ceiling","title":"Zellweger off-peak"},{"psg_id":"15949416","text":"Renee Botta Renee Botta is the Chair of the Department of Media, Film & Journalism Studies at the University of Denver where she has conducted extensive research on the relationship between media use and eating disorders among adolescents from diverse populations. She earned a Ph.D. in 1998 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At the University of Denver she teaches courses in health communication, mass communication & public relations in many different graduate and undergraduate courses. Her main focus of work away from the University has been about increasing sanitation and clean water in slums such as Kibera. Renee Botta earned","title":"Renee Botta"},{"psg_id":"15949409","text":"Renee Botta Renee Botta is the Chair of the Department of Media, Film & Journalism Studies at the University of Denver where she has conducted extensive research on the relationship between media use and eating disorders among adolescents from diverse populations. She earned a Ph.D. in 1998 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At the University of Denver she teaches courses in health communication, mass communication & public relations in many different graduate and undergraduate courses. Her main focus of work away from the University has been about increasing sanitation and clean water in slums such as Kibera. Renee Botta earned","title":"Renee Botta"},{"psg_id":"10368626","text":"a year at the Biological Computer Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, under the direction of Heinz von Foerster. In 1982, while on sabbatical leave at the Peirce Edition Project, in Indianapolis (IUPUI), he examined and carefully reordered a 900 page section of manuscripts written by Charles Sanders Peirce entitled “The Simplest Mathematics” (1902). In 1989, he served the Peirce Edition Project again when he added to the proper sequencing of specific sections of Peirce’s extensive manuscripts. These multidisciplinary experiences contributed to the development, over a forty year period, of his X-stem Logic Alphabet. Zellweger has been a respected academic","title":"Shea Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648459","text":"in the first ever Houston Post High School Natural Science Essay Contest. After high school, she enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1991. While at university, Zellweger took a drama course as an elective, which initially sparked her interest in acting. In Zellweger's junior year, her father lost his job and was unable to support her at college, so she took a job as a cocktail waitress in Austin, Texas. Zellweger said of the job, \"I learned a lot. As much as I did in my","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648486","text":"\"Top 100 Celebrities\" list made by \"Forbes\" in 2006, and the following year, she was placed at 20 among \"the 20 richest women in entertainment\", by the magazine. After Zellweger's appearance at the 21st-annual \"Elle\" magazine Women in Hollywood Awards in October 2014, there was media and social commentary that she was hardly recognizable, which resulted in speculation that she had undertaken substantial cosmetic surgery. Zellweger responded, \"Perhaps I look different. Who doesn't as they get older?! Ha. But I am different. I'm happy.\" From 1999 to 2000, Zellweger was engaged to Jim Carrey. In 2003, she had a brief","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648457","text":"and author Beatrix Potter in \"Miss Potter\" (2006). Roles in smaller scale films, such as \"Appaloosa\" (2008), \"My One and Only\" (2009) and \"Case 39\" (2009), were followed by a six-year hiatus from the screen. Subsequent films include \"The Whole Truth\" (2016) and \"Same Kind of Different as Me\" (2017). She is set to portray Judy Garland in \"Judy\" (2019). Zellweger was born on April 25, 1969, in Katy, Texas. Her father, Emil Erich Zellweger, is from the Swiss town of Au, St. Gallen and descends from an Appenzell family, and was a mechanical and electrical engineer who worked in","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"4122102","text":"peroxisomes. The accumulation of these lipids can impair the normal function of multiple organ systems, as discussed above. In addition, these individuals can show deficient levels of plasmalogens, ether-phospholipids that are especially important for brain and lung function. In addition to genetic tests involving the sequencing of \"PEX\" genes, biochemical tests have proven highly effective for the diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome and other peroxisomal disorders. Typically, Zellweger syndrome patients show elevated very long chain fatty acids in their blood plasma. Cultured primarily skin fibroblasts obtained from patients show elevated very long chain fatty acids, impaired very long chain fatty acid","title":"Zellweger syndrome"},{"psg_id":"4122100","text":"in this regard, serves to insulate nerve fibers in the brain. Patients can also show postdevelopmental sensorineuronal degeneration that leads to a progressive loss of hearing and vision. Zellweger syndrome can also affect the function of many other organ systems. Patients can show craniofacial abnormalities (such as a high forehead, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, and a large fontanel), hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), chondrodysplasia punctata (punctate calcification of the cartilage in specific regions of the body), eye abnormalities, and renal cysts. Newborns may present with profound hypotonia (low muscle tone), seizures, apnea, and an inability to eat. Zellweger syndrome","title":"Zellweger syndrome"},{"psg_id":"1648483","text":"deserve better than this predictable courtroom drama\". In \"Same Kind of Different as Me\" (2017), a film adaptation of the autobiographical book by the same name, Zellweger starred with Djimon Hounsou, Olivia Holt and Jon Voight, as the wife of an art dealer whose struggling relationship is changed for the better by a homeless man. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a moderate commercial success. \"The Wrap\", nevertheless, remarked: \"Zellweger, in fact, delivers a gentle, thoughtful, yet headstrong performance as the wife who digs in her heels to get human decency out of the people she cares","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648482","text":"\"the warmest and most satisfying of the series\" and concluded that Zellweger's \"wise, light-hearted performance anchors this happy reunion, a surprising and refreshing gift from a creative well that seemed to have run dry\". In the crime drama \"The Whole Truth\" (2016), directed by Courtney Hunt and opposite Keanu Reeves, Zellweger took the role of Loretta Lassiter, the mother of a teenager suspected of murdering his wealthy father. Filmed in New Orleans in July 2014, \"The Whole Truth\" was released on October 21, 2016, for selected theaters and video-on-demand, receiving average reviews. \"Variety\" remarked: \"Truth be told, [Reeves and Zellweger]","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648473","text":"her father's presumed death. The film garnered several award nominations and wins for its actors; Zellweger won the award for Best Supporting Actress at the 76th Academy Awards, the 61st Golden Globe Awards, the 10th Screen Actors Guild Awards, and the 57th British Academy Film Awards. In 2004, Zellweger provided her voice for the DreamWorks animated feature \"Shark Tale\", and reprised her title role in \"\", which made US$262 million around the globe and earned her a fourth Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy nomination. In 2005, she played the wife of world heavyweight","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648465","text":"success really counts. She plays a woman who believes in this guy she loves, and reminds us that true love is about idealism.\" She was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role. In the religious drama \"A Price Above Rubies\" (1998), Zellweger starred as a young woman who finds it difficult to conform to the restrictions imposed on her by the community. The film flopped at the box office, but Zellweger was applauded by some critics such as Ebert, who once again impressed by her, stated that she gave","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648462","text":"Leatherface. While the film went unnoticed, Joe Leydon for \"Variety\" magazine lauded Zellweger, calling her \"the most formidable scream queen since Jamie Lee Curtis went legit.\" In her next film, the crime comedy \"Love and a .45\" (1994), Zellweger played a woman who plans a robbery with her boyfriend. Despite the film received a limited release in theaters, Marc Savlov of \"Austin Chronicle\" applauded the main cast saying they were \"all excellent in their roles\" and noted that \"Zellweger's character – all squeals and caged sexuality – seems a bit too close to Juliette Lewis' Mallory Knox (of \"Natural Born","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648488","text":"to design a handbag to raise money and awareness for the Breast Health Institute. \"Because of the experiences of close friends and family members who have had to endure and battle the challenges of breast cancer, I am a passionate supporter of breast health education and charitable causes,\" Zellweger stated about joining the campaign. In 2004, Zellweger won the Academy Award, the Golden Globe, the BAFTA Award and the SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Cold Mountain\". She received six Golden Globe Award nominations, winning three for her performances in \"Nurse Betty\" (2000), \"Chicago\" (2002), and \"Cold Mountain\" (2003).","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648480","text":"screened at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival, and released for DVD. After \"My Own Love Song\" was released, Zellweger took a six-year hiatus from screen acting, as she found the time to \"go away and grow up a bit\". Reflecting on this period of time in a July 2016 interview with British \"Vogue\" magazine, she explained: \"I was fatigued and wasn’t taking the time I needed to recover between projects, and it caught up with me [...] I got sick of the sound of my own voice\". In 2013, Zellweger co-created and executive produced \"Cinnamon Girl\", an original drama series","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648464","text":"she played a single mother and the romantic interest of a glossy sports agent (Tom Cruise). The film received unanimous critical acclaim and grossed over US$273 million worldwide. It was Cruise who chose her to play his love interest and later credited her with \"revealing the core humanity of the movie\". Roger Ebert, showing approval of Zellweger and Cruise's chemistry in it, wrote: \"The film is often a delight, especially when Cruise and Zellweger are together on the screen. He plays Maguire with the earnestness of a man who wants to find greatness and happiness in an occupation where only","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"14825177","text":"learns Bree is a grandmother and uses the fact to her advantage, trying to sabotage Bree's relationship with Keith. Bree gets back at Renee by ruining her date with Keith. Renee realizes that Bree likes Keith more and the two women make peace. Renee has Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria) over for drinks to celebrate her $8 million divorce settlement. Gaby reveals that she has had a nose job and Renee reveals that she slept with her husband's divorce attorney to get the settlement. Renee then tells the women about Gaby's nose job. Doug then pays Renee a visit and tells","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"3211264","text":"the 2013 supernatural thriller \"The Midnight Game\" and as Jess Felton in the 2014 technology-themed thriller film \"Unfriended\". Renee is married to pianist Tommy King, and legally took his last name. Olstead is a vegan. She appeared in a PETA ad, \"Fish Are Friends Not Food\", urging her fans to become vegan themselves. In 2012, Olstead joined PETA's campaign to free the elephant Mali from captivity at the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden, where she has been alone for the last three decades. Renee Olstead Renee Olstead (born June 18, 1989) is an American actress and singer. Active since childhood","title":"Renee Olstead"},{"psg_id":"9745423","text":"the mother of 2 boys, Kyle and Cody. Renee Simons Renee Simons (born April 18, 1972 in Oliver, British Columbia as Renee Lemke) is a Canadian curler. Playing lead for Kelly Scott, Simons won the 2006 Scott Tournament of Hearts, the 2007 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, a bronze medal at the 2006 Ford World Women's Curling Championship and a gold medal at the 2007 World Women's Curling Championship. She has played lead for Scott from 2002 to 2009. Prior to joining the Scott team, Simons had been to one other national championship. In 1991, she played third for Allison MacInnes","title":"Renee Simons"},{"psg_id":"9745422","text":"Renee Simons Renee Simons (born April 18, 1972 in Oliver, British Columbia as Renee Lemke) is a Canadian curler. Playing lead for Kelly Scott, Simons won the 2006 Scott Tournament of Hearts, the 2007 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, a bronze medal at the 2006 Ford World Women's Curling Championship and a gold medal at the 2007 World Women's Curling Championship. She has played lead for Scott from 2002 to 2009. Prior to joining the Scott team, Simons had been to one other national championship. In 1991, she played third for Allison MacInnes at the Canadian Junior Curling Championships. She is","title":"Renee Simons"},{"psg_id":"1648479","text":"thriller Zellweger filmed in 2006, she took on the role of a social worker assigned to take care of a mysterious girl. The film had a lengthy post-production and was not released in theaters in the United States until 2010. It was universally panned by critics and only earned US$5.3 million in its opening weekend, leading \"Indiewire\" to write that Zellweger \"faces an [u]ncertain [f]uture\" as she was in \"an unforgiving industry that doles out few juicy roles for women over 40\". The road drama \"My Own Love Song\", in which she played a former singer suffering from paralysis, was","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"1648476","text":"its opening weekend, described as \"disappointing\" by website Box Office Mojo. \"MTV.com\" praised the actress for \"displaying an unexpected gift for drawling sarcasm\", but Kevin Williamson for website \"Jam!\" criticized her role, remarking that she, \"as the kind of lippy heroine epitomized by Rosalind Russell, is miscast in a role that demands snark, not sleepy-eyed sweetness\". In the western \"Appaloosa\" (2008), Zellweger appeared opposite Ed Harris and Viggo Mortensen, played a beguiling widow. The film earned critical acclaim but grossed a modest US$20 million at the North American box office. Zellweger produced the made-for-television feature \"Living Proof\", starring Harry Connick","title":"Renée Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"19414193","text":"Renee Cramer Renee Ann Cramer is an American law and society scholar. She is a Professor and chair of the Law, Politics, and Society program at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. Renee Cramer received her Ph.D. from New York University in 2001. Her dissertation \"The Politics of Recognition: What Matters In the Determination of Tribal Identity?\" was honored the \"2001 Outstanding Dissertation in \"2001 Outstanding Dissertation in the Field of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics\" in the Race, Ethnicity, and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association. Cramer received her Masters of Philosophy from New York University in 1999","title":"Renee Cramer"},{"psg_id":"19414200","text":"Jolles (ed.), Fashion Talks: Undressing the Power of Style. Albany: SUNY Press. 2008 Several peer-reviewed and invited entries on Federal Acknowledgement and Tribal Gaming, in The Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law, edited by Tim Alan Garrison and Paul Finkleman, CQ Press. Renee Cramer Renee Ann Cramer is an American law and society scholar. She is a Professor and chair of the Law, Politics, and Society program at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. Renee Cramer received her Ph.D. from New York University in 2001. Her dissertation \"The Politics of Recognition: What Matters In the Determination of Tribal","title":"Renee Cramer"},{"psg_id":"15534631","text":"on Saturdays from March to May 2008. Following Surfari, Bargh joined the music station \"Channel [V] Australia\". During her time there, she co-hosted \"\"What you Want\"\", Channel V's studio countdown show, was the host of the weekly \"V Rater\" and \"V News\", and presented two series of \"B430\", Channel V's youth Travel show, which took her to Budapest, New Zealand, New York and Los Angeles. In 2010, Renee moved to Los Angeles and became \"Extra\"’s weekend co-host and correspondent through the show's 17th Season. Renee Bargh Renee Bargh (born 18 October 1986) is an Australian celebrity and TV presenter, who","title":"Renee Bargh"},{"psg_id":"14825175","text":"of small people caused by an unspecified incident at a circus when she was a child. Renee Perry arrives in Fairview to visit Lynette and her family. Renee speaks of her exciting life as the rich wife of professional baseball player Doug Perry (Reggie Austin). She and Lynette banter but it soon turns hurtful with Renee insulting her in front of the other women, telling Lynette she has not succeeded in life and has let herself be tied down to a suburban life. Lynette decides to throw Renee out, but Renee then confesses to Lynette that Doug is divorcing her.","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"9767495","text":"Nothing Has Been Proved \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" is a song and a single release by British singer Dusty Springfield, written and produced by Pet Shop Boys. The song was the second collaboration between Springfield and Pet Shop Boys, following their UK #2 and US #2 hit duet \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" in 1987. \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" prominently features an orchestral arrangement by Angelo Badalamenti and a soprano saxophone solo by Courtney Pine. Marshall Jefferson provided a dance mix which appeared on the 12\" and CD singles. \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" was produced for the 1989","title":"Nothing Has Been Proved"},{"psg_id":"6952388","text":"Renee Griffin Renee Griffin, Renee Allman or Renee Ammann (born May 30, 1968 in Long Beach, California), is an American actress. Renee Griffin is married to actor James Marshall. She was a regular cast member on the now-defunct ABC soap \"Port Charles\", playing the part of Danielle Ashley from 1997-1998. In 2001 she appeared on the TV series \"Black Scorpion\" as the villain Aerobicide. Griffin is best known for her role as Lanie in the cult favorite stoner film, \"The Stoned Age\" (1994), and as Angel who was decapitated in the 1991 action movie \"Showdown in Little Tokyo\". Renee has","title":"Renee Griffin"},{"psg_id":"7371225","text":"hits the car. Renee is taken to hospital and dies in surgery. An inquest confirms her death as an accident. Eric Croston from the Independent Broadcasting Authority said that Renee and Alf's wedding had been a \"long-awaited day\" for all. A writer from the \"Sunday Mail\" said that scriptwriters felt that Renee and Alf's marriage was \"dead in the water\". They branded Renee the \"kindly shopkeeper\" who dies in \"a grisly crash which shocked viewers\". A \"Daily Record\" columnist chose the episode that Alf proposes to Renee as their \"drama choice\" in a \"pick of the day\" feature. A reporter","title":"Renee Bradshaw"},{"psg_id":"10844413","text":"the safehouse. Renee comes out of hiding and immediately wants to know where they took Jack, and Cole said he had no idea what she was talking about. She tells him she's talking about the Russians, she then asks him about the drones they have, Cole tells her no movement has been detected outside the warehouse. Meanwhile, Jack is seen in the underground tunnel system with Bazhaev's men. Jack is tortured, but ultimately gets free and gets Bazhaev personally. He makes a deal with him, giving him and his son, Josef immunity. He tells them where the rods are, they","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"17921838","text":"thesis entitled \"Resource heterogeneity and the foraging ecology of the malabar giant squirrel, \"Ratufa indica\"\". Borges has contributed a chapter to the book Battles Over Nature: Science and the Politics of Conservation as well as being cited in the Journal of Moral Theology. Borges has made significant contributions in her field of research. Some of her appointments are: Renee Borges Renee Maria Borges (born 25 February 1959) is an Indian scientist. She is currently a professor & chair at the Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science. Her work has been featured on India Today. Borges had her first","title":"Renee Borges"},{"psg_id":"7709722","text":"returning to the UK later when the case had gone cold. Disappearance of Renee MacRae Renee MacRae (born Christina Catherine MacDonald, February 1940) is a Scottish woman, missing since 1976, and who is presumed to have been murdered. Her disappearance, along with her 3-year-old son, Andrew, is currently Britain's longest running missing persons case, and within Scotland, the case is as notorious as Glasgow's Bible John murders. Nobody has ever been charged with the murders of Renee MacRae and her son, and the case remains open. MacRae lived in Inverness and was married to Gordon MacRae, though the couple were","title":"Disappearance of Renee MacRae"},{"psg_id":"14825179","text":"her invites her to dinner. As Renee can't stand Susan she is not excited to go but since she has nothing better to do, the two go out for her birthday. During dinner, Renee reveals that she is still in love with a guy that she had an affair with 20 years ago. Later that night, when Renee is drunk and about to fall asleep, she tells Susan that Tom Scavo is the guy. Susan tells Tom that she knows about the affair and suggest that Tom ask Renee to move off the Lane or she will tell Lynette. Renee","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"16754752","text":"career in 2011 and in October, became the second person to win the Amateur Night at the Apollo Theatre in the last three years with her original song, \"Got Me Loose\". Amateur Night has been the launching ground for many singers, including Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, James Brown, The Jackson 5, Patti LaBelle, Marvin Gaye, Luther Vandross, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Ben E. King, Mariah Carey, and Lauryn Hill, among others. Reesa has performed alongside musical veterans Eric Roberson, Raheem DeVaughn, Chuck Brown, Roy Ayers and Wale. She cites Jill Scott as an inspiration. Reesa Renee Reesa Renee is a","title":"Reesa Renee"},{"psg_id":"10844389","text":"Henry Taylor is being held captive, but then attempts to overcome Jack and is killed. Renee is shaken up when Jack informs her of Vossler's death, but resolves to continue on. Renee and Jack meet at Dubaku's hideout, but are unable to prevent Taylor from being shot and seriously wounded during the rescue attempt. Larry Moss scolds Renee for her actions involving Vossler's family, but Renee defends her actions as necessary, even though she may not be comfortable with them. Jack and Renee then travel to the residence of Marika Donoso, whom Dubaku has developed a relationship with under an","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"7709711","text":"Disappearance of Renee MacRae Renee MacRae (born Christina Catherine MacDonald, February 1940) is a Scottish woman, missing since 1976, and who is presumed to have been murdered. Her disappearance, along with her 3-year-old son, Andrew, is currently Britain's longest running missing persons case, and within Scotland, the case is as notorious as Glasgow's Bible John murders. Nobody has ever been charged with the murders of Renee MacRae and her son, and the case remains open. MacRae lived in Inverness and was married to Gordon MacRae, though the couple were separated. She had two sons, 9-year-old Gordon and 3-year-old Andrew. On","title":"Disappearance of Renee MacRae"},{"psg_id":"7371217","text":"storyline Renee accompanies Alf, Fred Gee (Fred Feast) and Mavis Wilton (Thelma Barlow) on a fishing trip. Renee falls into the river and Mavis jumps in to rescue Renee. Hindle cannot swim and was surprised to be handed a wetsuit to perform her own stunts. She complained to the director who decided to use another actor to film the scene. A six-foot male wearing a dress and a red wig posed as Renee completing the stunt. Barlow was also nervous about the river and had been drinking whisky to keep warm. Location manager Gordon McKeller was unaware and put brandy","title":"Renee Bradshaw"},{"psg_id":"20848287","text":"series order announcement, it was confirmed that Renée Zellweger had been cast in the series' lead role. In August 2018, it was announced that Jane Levy and Blake Jenner had joined the cast in starring roles. In September 2018, it was reported that Samantha Ware, Juan Castano, Keith Powers, Saamer Usmani, Dave Annable, and Louis Herthum had been cast in the series with Herthum in a recurring role. On December 20, 2018, it was announced that Daniella Pineda had joined the main cast in a series regular role. What/If What/If is an upcoming American drama web television series, created by","title":"What/If"},{"psg_id":"13767566","text":"turns out to be his long, lost love, Clarice. As they reunite, the video flashes back to the younger Clarice and Nathan sharing a kiss. This version has been played on CMT, TNN and GAC, as well as CMT's sister channel, Pure Country. \"What Might Have Been\" debuted at number 72 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 29, 1993. What Might Have Been \"What Might Have Been\" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in May 1993 as the lead-off single from their second (and","title":"What Might Have Been"},{"psg_id":"10368625","text":"Logic Alphabet (XLA), is a notation system that contains a unique and visually iconographic approach to learning and performing logic operations. Patents have been issued on its design in the United States, Canada and Japan. Zellweger’s background is a combination of formal education and extensive research in the fields of Psychology, Pedagogy, Semiotics and Logic. In 1949, Zellweger attended a summer seminar at the Institute of General Semantics with Alfred Korzybski. In 1949–52, still in the era of Robert M. Hutchins and the Great Books Program, he earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Chicago. In 1975–76, he spent","title":"Shea Zellweger"},{"psg_id":"13210527","text":"with them.\" Peck has received awards from the Associated Press and New Orleans Press Club for service journalism. In 2010, she was granted the McCormick Foundation New Media Women Entrepreneurs award. Peck is currently the editor for NolaVie, a website featuring life and culture in New Orleans. NolaVie is populated by experienced journalists and members of various cultural organizations and is run by local businesswoman, Sharon Litwin, as well as Renee Peck and a group of editors and writers. Renee Peck Renee Peck (born June Renee Brandt) is an American writer, best known for her weekly column in The Times-Picayune","title":"Renee Peck"},{"psg_id":"11991583","text":"the RAI National Orchestra, the Rossini Opera Festival Orchestra, Milan’s Verdi Orchestra and Manchester's Halle Orchestra to name a few. The artist made her screen debut in Francis Ford Coppola’s Godfather III movie, singing and acting in the opera sequences from Cavalleria Rusticana. In Italy, Ms. Renee has hosted a weekly television show for Italian audiences on classical music and opera called “Un Tocco di Classica”. More recently, Ms. Renee was chosen by Dynamic Recording Company of Genova, to host the High Definition satellite broadcasts that transmit live opera performances to movie theatres throughout Europe. Madelyn Renee Madelyn Renee is","title":"Madelyn Renee"},{"psg_id":"10844396","text":"so, Jack explains that Tony's accomplices have operatives in place, placing his daughter's life in danger, and asks Renee to save her. Renee calls Kim at the airport and warns her about the operatives, but the call is cut off. As security closes in, a firefight breaks out. Renee arrives to find Kim safe after chasing a surviving operative into a parking garage. With Kim's help, she is able to locate Jack, and goes with a team to rescue him. Renee is able to disarm an explosive device that Tony has attached to Jack, and the two are able to","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"5226622","text":"by Lorelei King. Renee Montoya Renee Maria Montoya is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was initially created for \"\", and was preemptively introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992. The character has developed significantly over the years. Renee Montoya is initially a detective from the Gotham City Police Department, assigned to the Major Crimes Unit who comes into frequent contact with the masked vigilante, Batman. Over the course of her comic book history, Renee is outed as a lesbian, and later resigns from the police","title":"Renee Montoya"},{"psg_id":"5226591","text":"Renee Montoya Renee Maria Montoya is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was initially created for \"\", and was preemptively introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992. The character has developed significantly over the years. Renee Montoya is initially a detective from the Gotham City Police Department, assigned to the Major Crimes Unit who comes into frequent contact with the masked vigilante, Batman. Over the course of her comic book history, Renee is outed as a lesbian, and later resigns from the police force, disgusted by","title":"Renee Montoya"},{"psg_id":"18216863","text":"London, among other beautiful and exotic places. Tanyka Renee has launched a world wide campaign to educate and empower young women to rise above the stereotypes. She is currently preparing for an international tour in 2015. Philadelphia Daily News Dan Gross: Tanyka Renee: Her Passion is football Philadelphia Metro Passion, LFL heating up newsstands this month Tanyka Renee Tanyka Renee (born January 18, 1986) is an American health and fitness journalist, author, Playboy Model, former pro-athlete and holistic nutritionist. Journalism/Writing Tanyka currently serves as the Deputy Editor for Bombshell by Bleu. In the past Taynka was a contributing writer for","title":"Tanyka Renee"},{"psg_id":"14825189","text":"refuses to let the driver take Julie to the hospital. Renee has the driver stop by a shop where she and Gaby steal a new wedding dress. When they get back from the store, the limo is gone so Renee is forced to walk to her own wedding, in the wedding dress. In the end, Renee and Ben get married. Williams's portrayal of Renee Perry received mostly positive reviews among critics and fans. Following the eventual cancellation of Williams's previous show \"Ugly Betty\" where she starred as villain Wilhelmina Slater, it was immediately announced that Williams will be joining \"Desperate","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"14825188","text":"something and that it has something to do with the body. Ben refuses to tell her the truth and claims it is for her own protection. The truth was that Ben had helped Bree bury the body of Gaby's stepfather. At Bree's murder trial, Ben refuses to testify so he is arrested, forcing Renee to testify against Bree. After Bree is exonerated, Renee apologizes for her damaging testimony and Bree forgives her. In the series finale, Renee gets ready to marry Ben. In the limo, Julie Mayer's (Andrea Bowen) water breaks and ruins Renee's wedding dress. Renee is furious and","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"14825182","text":"basically just people who work in the neighborhood, and chastises Renee for this. Renee fires back at how selfish Beth was for taking her life and Gaby realizes that Renee's mother killed herself. Renee explains that she holds the party every year on the same day to show that she chooses life. When a new neighbor, Ben Faulkner (Charles Mesure) moves into town, Renee sets her sights on him. She goes over to his place and offers him sex, confident that he will accept. To her surprise, Ben turns her down flat. After discovering he has a soft spot for","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"17921837","text":"Renee Borges Renee Maria Borges (born 25 February 1959) is an Indian scientist. She is currently a professor & chair at the Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science. Her work has been featured on India Today. Borges had her first stint in science at the St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. She obtained her bachelor's degree in zoology and microbiology, with distinction, from the Institute of Science of the University of Bombay in 1979. She also obtained her master's degree in animal physiology, in 1982. She received a PhD from the University of Miami, in Coral Gables, Florida, with a","title":"Renee Borges"},{"psg_id":"20951828","text":"Renee Hoyos Renee Hoyos is a business person, environmental advocate, and the former director of the Tennessee Clean Water Network While director of the TCWN she pressed a lawsuit against KUB for their dumping of toxic waste into local water supplies, and pointed out that the Mississippi River, which drains a third of the United States' freshwater, has been used for decades as the nation's \"sewer\". In February 2017 she also requested a townhall meeting with the current US Representative for the district, John Duncan Jr., to discuss a bill that was pending in the House to abolish the Environmental","title":"Renee Hoyos"},{"psg_id":"9466626","text":"Walter Sondheim Artscape Prize. Andrea Barnwell Brownlee, Ph.D., a director for the Spelman College Museum of Fine Art in Georgia has recently been involved with one of Renee Stout's larger projects, The Thinking Room exhibition, and a book, Renee Stout: \"Tales of the Conjure Woman\", which \"brings together more than sixty recent works and draws viewers into a dynamic, complex, and richly textured web. This exhibition of fictitious tales and courageous ingenuity offers a rare and special opportunity for viewers to explore the mythic, folk, and spiritual traditions that inform and shape Stout's complex world view and temporarily suspend disbelief\"","title":"Renee Stout"},{"psg_id":"19804417","text":"called \"A Boat, a Whale & a Walrus\". Erickson has been a prominent supporter of Seattle's minimum wage increase, adopting the $15 minimum hourly wage five years ahead of the legal mandate. Renee Erickson Renee Erickson (born 1972) is a Seattle-based chef who won the 2016 James Beard Award for Best Chef: Northwest. Erickson is the owner and chef of a group of restaurants in Seattle, including Bar Melusine, Bateau, Boat Street Cafe, The Whale Wins, Barnacle, and The Walrus and the Carpenter. \"Bon Appetit\" titled a 2016 profile of Erickson and her restaurants, \"Why Seattle Is One of the","title":"Renee Erickson"},{"psg_id":"10844392","text":"Larry help coordinate the rescue operations and counterattack. Later, Jack relays intelligence from Bill on another pending threat, but when he and Renee bring this information to Larry, Larry has Jack arrested, stating he'll \"look into it\". Renee approaches Ethan Kanin, who orders Larry to allow Jack to proceed with the investigation. Larry suspends Renee indefinitely, saying he can no longer trust her. During her suspension, Jack is framed for the murders of Ryan Burnett and Senator Mayer. Jack contacts Renee secretly, so she helps him identify and track the killer. She is discovered, though, when a message is intercepted,","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"20877400","text":"Renee Reid Renee Reid (born 28 May 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. Reid, who grew up in Sydney, was a product of the Australian Institute of Sport and played on the professional tour in the late 1990s, with a best ranking of 174 in the world. Reid competed in Australian Open qualifying for the first time in 1996, where she had a win over Patty Schnyder, before falling in the second round. In 1997 she lost to Amelie Mauresmo in qualifying, then in 1998 received a wildcard into the main draw. In what would be her","title":"Renee Reid"},{"psg_id":"14825178","text":"her he wants her back. Gaby, furious at Renee for mocking her about her nose-job, tells Doug that Renee slept with his lawyer. Renee and Gaby get into a cat fight in the middle of a cabaret show and Renee ends up punching Gaby in the face. Doug calls Renee the next day and tells her they are even now and that he still wants her back. Renee decides not to get back together with Doug. Later in the season, Renee finds out that Doug is getting married again. Susan Delfino (Teri Hatcher) overhears Renee crying and feeling sorry for","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"6586120","text":"album developed deeper into production. The album was also influenced by the 1994 film \"Fresh\", In the song \"Lil' Boy Fresh\" he loosely summarizes the story from beginning to end. In the United States, \"What the Game's Been Missing!\" debuted at #9 on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 141,000 copies in its first week. As of January 3, 2006, the album has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for selling 500,000 copies. As of October 2015 the album has sold 1,250,000 copies and gained platinum stats. What the Game's Been Missing! What the Game's Been Missing!","title":"What the Game's Been Missing!"},{"psg_id":"10844417","text":"CTU is taken out by the EMP bomb, Chloe calls Renee to say Jack is missing. She tells Chloe to \"do what you have to\" to get CTU back on-line. She leaves to find Jack at the docks area. Just as one of the snipers lines up to kill Jack, she takes him out with a shot to his head. Seconds later, she kills the remaining sniper, saving Jack and Agent Ortiz. After failing to rescue Hassan, Renee goes to Jack's apartment with him and the two have sex. Shortly after talking with Chloe and being informed that Samir (who","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"11130250","text":"in particular that the average moviegoer and critic have missed – the something that makes the pictures extraordinary.” The book has been reprinted several times, most recently in 1998 by Gramercy Books (). Two sequels were published, \"Cult Movies 2\" (1983, Dell, ) and \"Cult Movies 3\" (1988, Fireside, ), with each book reviewing fifty additional cult films. Cult Movies (book) Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each","title":"Cult Movies (book)"},{"psg_id":"10844394","text":"of the pathogen's effects and save his life. Jack refuses treatment and Renee looks into his file. When Kim calls looking for her father, Renee explains the situation to her without Jack's knowledge, upsetting him and causing an emotional clash. After Larry Moss is killed by Almeida and Galvez in their successful theft of the last canister of the bio-weapon, she is visibly upset and personally leads the search for Galvez, Almeida not having been discovered yet. Renee is inside the abandoned building wired with explosives by Galvez when it explodes, but a warning from Jack saves her. After Jack","title":"Renee Walker"},{"psg_id":"7587385","text":"carnage, a Secret Service agent can be heard on the radio, asking \"Who's been hit?! Who's been hit?!\" While waiting with Bartlet in the Oval office for news on the missing pilot, Admiral Fitzwallace makes an observation on the presidential seal. The eagle on the seal holds an olive branch in its right talons and arrows in its left, and faces towards the olive branch. Yet when Congress declares war, he says, the eagle faces the arrows. This is an urban legend; though the design of the seal has changed over time, President Truman decided by Executive Order 9646, in","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"7371224","text":"affected by the crash and is abusive towards Renee. When he shouts at Annie, Renee apologises for his behaviour. But Alf becomes aggressive towards Renee for interfering. She threatens to leave him unless he receives psychiatric help. Renee becomes annoyed with living on Coronation Street and strives for a better life. Renee and Alf decide to move away to the countryside. She begins to take driving lessons. When Alf gets drunk, Renee is forced to drive despite being a learner driver. The car stalls and will not start. Alf becomes annoyed and orders Renee to exchange seats, but a lorry","title":"Renee Bradshaw"},{"psg_id":"14825176","text":"Feeling bad, Lynette tells Renee she can stay. Lynette assumes Renee will eventually go back to New York, but instead, she rents Edie's old house. Tom and Renee share a secret that Tom insists Lynette can never know about. Renee and Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross) go out clubbing and Renee ends up going home with Bree's handyman Keith Watson (Brian Austin Green). Bree, feeling jealous, calls Keith and tells him she needs him to fix her sprinklers. Renee is furious that Bree stole Keith out of her bed and tells her she will enjoy taking her down. Renee","title":"Renee Perry"},{"psg_id":"19388318","text":"Renee Valente Renée Valente (July 15, 1927 – February 20, 2016) was an American film and television producer, as well as casting executive. Valente produced more than 70 films and television movies, including \"A Storm in Summer\", which earned her a Daytime Emmy Award in 2001. She also received an Emmy nomination 1979 as the producer of the \"Blind Ambition\", a television miniseries which starred Martin Sheen and Rip Torn. Valente became the first female President of the Producers Guild of America (PGA) during the 1980s. She also served as the female Vice President of Screen Gems & Columbia Pictures","title":"Renee Valente"},{"psg_id":"4196908","text":"Disney Channel Original Movie \"Camp Rock\", providing the singing voice for Jasmine Richards' character Margaret \"Peggy\" Dupree, singing the song \"Here I Am\". She sang \"Love From Afar\" on the soundtrack for \"Just Friends\". In 2012, she sang \"I Think I Like You\" with the band Eagle Eye. The song was featured in season two of \"Dance Moms\". On October 10, 2008, Renee was married in a private ceremony in Los Angeles, California to retirement investment expert Robby Welles. The couple has one child. Renee Sands Renee Ilene Sandstrom (born February 15, 1974), is an American singer and former child","title":"Renee Sands"},{"psg_id":"7572865","text":"York Times best selling author Ilona Andrews. Renee has also appeared on camera in recurring roles on various TV shows such as \"3rd Rock from the Sun\", \"Passions\", and in quick one-episode character spots on \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"\", and \"\". Renee Raudman Renee Raudman (born October 29) is an actress and voice actress who performed the English voice of Nastasha Romanenko in the video game \"Metal Gear Solid\" (under the pseudonym of Renne Collette) and its (using her real name). She also provides the voice of the recurring character Ms. Butterbean on the cartoon series \"The Grim Adventures","title":"Renee Raudman"},{"psg_id":"12698763","text":"Renee Grant-Williams Renee Grant-Williams is an American vocal coach living in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. She is also an active classical singer, conductor, communication skills expert, and published author. Grant-Williams is considered one of the most effective voice coaches in the business and has been a consultant to nearly every major record label. Her client roster includes Faith Hill, Tim McGraw, Miley Cyrus, Christina Aguilera, Kenny Chesney, Bob Weir (Grateful Dead), Martina McBride, Keith Urban, Dixie Chicks, Carrie Underwood, Linda Ronstadt, and more. A full scholarship brought her a Bachelor of Music degree from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music.","title":"Renee Grant-Williams"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648463\",\n \"text\": \"Killers\\\") to be as fresh as it should be\\\". The part earned her an Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance. Zellweger subsequently relocated to Los Angeles, a move she had postponed several; times because she believed she lacked the talent and experience to be a competitive actor in that city. She would next appear in the coming-of-age drama \\\"Empire Records\\\" (1995). Rotten Tomatoes' consensus was: \\\"Despite a terrific soundtrack and a strong early performance from Renee Zellweger, \\\"Empire Records\\\" is mostly a silly and predictable teen dramedy.\\\" Zellweger became widely known to audiences with \\\"Jerry Maguire\\\" (1996), in which\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648487\",\n \"text\": \"relationship with musician Jack White. In May 2005, Zellweger married singer Kenny Chesney. Four months later the couple obtained an annulment. In 2009, she started dating Bradley Cooper, after having met on the set of \\\"Case 39\\\" in 2009. They separated in 2011. Since 2012, she has been in a relationship with musician/songwriter/producer Doyle Bramhall II. Zellweger took part in the 2005 HIV prevention campaign of the Swiss federal health department. Zellweger is one of the patrons for gender equality foundation The GREAT Initiative; in 2011 she visited Liberia with the charity. In April 2011, she collaborated with Tommy Hilfiger\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587389\",\n \"text\": \"lines: What Kind of Day Has It Been \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is the 22nd episode of \\\"The West Wing\\\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \\\"Sports Night\\\" and \\\"Studio\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587380\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is the 22nd episode of \\\"The West Wing\\\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \\\"Sports Night\\\" and \\\"Studio 60\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4122104\",\n \"text\": \"is impaired [59], DHA supplementation was recommended, but a placebo-controlled study has since showed no clinical efficacy. Due to the defective bile acid synthesis, fat soluble supplements of vitamins, A, D, E, and K are recommended. Currently, no cure for Zellweger syndrome is known, nor is a course of treatment made standard. Infections should be guarded against to prevent such complications as pneumonia and respiratory distress. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Patients usually do not survive beyond one year of age. Zellweger syndrome Zellweger syndrome is one of three peroxisome biogenesis disorders which belong to the Zellweger spectrum of\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648484\",\n \"text\": \"for the most\\\". She played the friend of a New York City singer who gets a life-changing medical diagnosis in the independent drama \\\"Here and Now\\\" (2018), opposite Sarah Jessica Parker. Zellweger stars as Judy Garland in the upcoming biopic film \\\"Judy\\\", directed by Rupert Goold. Zellweger has appeared on the covers and photo sessions of several magazines throughout her career; she appeared on the September 1997 cover of \\\"Vanity Fair\\\", and in subsequent years, the list has grown to include \\\"Vogue\\\", \\\"Detour\\\", \\\"Allure\\\" and \\\"Harper's Bazaar\\\". Zellweger often attracts attention for her style on awards shows and red carpet\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844415\",\n \"text\": \"to interview Renee. Jack calls CTU and gets Chloe, after talking to her, he asks her to patch him through to Renee. Renee and she asks him what he meant that she had him, he tells her that he meant it just like it sounded. She asks him what they do next, and he says that they will figure it out. Jack figures out that they are setting Renee up to have her take the fall, and he busts into the interrogation and chokes the DoD woman, throwing her against the wall. Telling her that after everything Renee has done\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4122099\",\n \"text\": \"Zellweger syndrome Zellweger syndrome is one of three peroxisome biogenesis disorders which belong to the Zellweger spectrum of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD-ZSD). The other two disorders are neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and infantile Refsum disease (IRD). Although all have a similar molecular basis for disease, Zellweger syndrome is the most severe of these three disorders.<ref name=\\\"doi10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_26\\\"></ref> Zellweger syndrome is associated with impaired neuronal migration, neuronal positioning, and brain development. In addition, individuals with Zellweger syndrome can show a reduction in central nervous system (CNS) myelin (particularly cerebral), which is referred to as hypomyelination. Myelin is critical for normal CNS functions, and\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648467\",\n \"text\": \"would have expected.\\\" After playing the female lead opposite Chris O'Donnell in the little-seen romantic comedy \\\"The Bachelor\\\" (1999), Zellweger starred in the Farrelly brothers comedy \\\"Me, Myself & Irene\\\" (2000), with Jim Carrey, as a woman in the run for what she believes is a false accusation set up by her mob-connected ex-boyfriend. The film was a commercial success, grossing US$149 million worldwide. In \\\"Nurse Betty\\\" (also 2000), a black comedy directed by Neil LaBute and alongside Morgan Freeman, Zellweger played a Kansas waitress who suffers a nervous breakdown after witnessing her husband's murder. \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\" found the\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10368637\",\n \"text\": \"visually and manually observe the geometry and the network of symmetry relationships among all 16 binary connectives of two-valued logic, it then becomes far easier for them to perform what are normally considered to be highly abstract logical operations. Zellweger’s publications and models permit students to literally “see”, “touch”, “play with”, “work with”, and “think about” the natural beauty of logic. His work is now on display at the Museum of Jurassic Technology, Culver City, California. (See Flickr image: ) Shea Zellweger Shea Zellweger (born September 7, 1925 in Chicago, Illinois, USA) served as Chair of the Psychology Department at\",\n \"title\": \"Shea Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648489\",\n \"text\": \"She was awarded Germany's Golden Camera Award for Best International Actress in 2010. Renée Zellweger Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She established herself as one of the highest-paid Hollywood actresses by 2007, and was named Hasty Pudding's Woman of the Year in 2009. Zellweger had her first starring role in \\\"\\\" (1994). She subsequently earned early acclaim with a brief but notable appearance in \\\"Empire Records\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648455\",\n \"text\": \"Renée Zellweger Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She established herself as one of the highest-paid Hollywood actresses by 2007, and was named Hasty Pudding's Woman of the Year in 2009. Zellweger had her first starring role in \\\"\\\" (1994). She subsequently earned early acclaim with a brief but notable appearance in \\\"Empire Records\\\" (1995), and was introduced to mainstream audiences in \\\"Jerry Maguire\\\" (1996). For \\\"Nurse\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844385\",\n \"text\": \"reveals the show's Executive Producer Howard Gordon. \\\"She is somebody who has probably pressed up against the limitations of what's been allowed [according to the law]. Her soul is in balance in the question. Is it worth doing whatever's necessary at the personal price it extracts?\\\" Renee is tough and strong willed, and has been shown to disobey orders or push the limits of the law when she believes such actions are necessary. Throughout Day 7, she takes in what Jack Bauer does and gradually becomes more rogue and puts justice before the job. When first meeting Jack, Renee was\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844403\",\n \"text\": \"warning removes his thumb and the device with a nearby power saw. Upon hearing the contact's screams, Jack rushes into the contacts shop to see what Renee has done and says that she has gone too far. Jack is persuaded by Renee to continue the mission, and the contact drives Renee to Vladimir as Jack follows. Renee is put through a 'test' of sorts by Vladimir, to make sure she is legit. He believes her cover and she is in. She tells Vladimir that she has a buyer for him (Ernst Meier, who is Jack undercover), someone who is interested\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825186\",\n \"text\": \"him, knowing she's rich. Renee accepts but Ben has second thoughts and tells her he needs her for her money. Renee is hurt and breaks it off with him. Mike Delfino (James Denton) tells Renee that Ben borrowed money from a loan shark, but cannot pay him back. Renee goes to see Ben to offer her help, but he does not want it. She ends up paying off the loan shark anyway hoping that would be the end of Ben's problems. Ben is not too happy to learn that Renee paid him off but she tells Ben she does what\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20590993\",\n \"text\": \"Zellweger spectrum disorders Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare disorders that create the same disease process. The subdivisions of this spectrum are hyperpipecolic acidemia, Infantile Refsum disease, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and Zellweger syndrome. It can also be referred to as Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders, Zellweger Syndrome Spectrum, NALD, Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome, and ZSS. It can affect many body organs, including the kidneys, eyes, and hearing. It is named after Hans Zellweger. The symptoms of the disorders can vary from every patient. Most symptoms are noticeable at birth. There is often lack in growth and muscle tone as the child develops.\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger spectrum disorders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844407\",\n \"text\": \"out now will make what she has done for nothing. Laitanin interrupts them, saying that they need to start making calls before the deal takes place. Renee, Jack, and Laitanin go back into his office and he begins making calls. As he hangs up with another contact who knows nothing, he asks Renee to cut him some bread. He offers a vodka to Jack, which he takes, reluctantly. He goes back to Renee and suggestively helps her cut the bread, he thanks 'Meier' for breaking in Renee in the six years since he'd seen her. Jack tells him to stop\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844386\",\n \"text\": \"reluctant to do the things that Jack Bauer would do in order to get what they needed such as torture, but by the end of Day 7, Renee resorts to torture in order to get the answers that she needs. Renee is introduced when she pulls Jack Bauer out of a Senate hearing so he can advise and aid the FBI in tracking down Tony Almeida, who has been involved in terrorist activities. Over time, she gives him more power, allowing him to interrogate Almeida. After Jack subdues her and escapes with Almeida, her anger and guilt over his betrayal\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844399\",\n \"text\": \"see the lives lost. He tells her the only advice he can give is that she try to make the decisions she can live with. An emotional Renee tells him she does not know what to say, and Jack gently caresses her face and tells her not to say anything. Jack is then taken to the hospital, and Renee takes Wilson to the FBI headquarters. Renee enters to Wilson's holding room and shuts down all the monitoring equipment. When Janis interrupts with a form for Renee to sign, and refuses to leave when she realizes what Renee intends to do,\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648458\",\n \"text\": \"the oil refining business. Her mother, Kjellfrid Irene (\\\"née\\\" Andreassen), is Norwegian. Kjellfrid grew up in Ekkerøy near Vadsø, and also Kirkenes, and was a nurse and midwife who moved to the United States to work as a governess for a Norwegian family in Texas. Zellweger has described herself as being raised in a family of \\\"lazy Catholics and Episcopalians\\\". Zellweger attended Katy High School, where she was a cheerleader, gymnast, speech team member, and drama club member. She also participated in soccer, basketball, baseball, and football. In 1986, her academic paper, \\\"The Karankawas and Their Roots\\\", won third place\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648474\",\n \"text\": \"boxing champion James J. Braddock in Ron Howard's drama \\\"Cinderella Man\\\", opposite Russell Crowe and Paul Giamatti. In his review for the film, David Ansen of \\\"Newsweek\\\", wrote that the actress \\\"has an uncanny ability to make us swallow even the most movie-ish moments\\\". On May 24, 2005, Zellweger received her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Zellweger portrayed acclaimed author Beatrix Potter in the biographical comedy \\\"Miss Potter\\\", with Emily Watson and Ewan McGregor. She also served as an executive producer as she wanted to get more involved in the production. William Arnold, of \\\"Seattle Post-Intelligencer\\\" concluded that\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648466\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"ferociously strong performance\\\". Zellweger also starred in the 1998 drama \\\"One True Thing\\\", opposite William Hurt and Meryl Streep, as a woman forced to put her life on hold in order to care for her mother who is dying of cancer. \\\"One True Thing\\\" took in a modest US$23 million in the US, but had a positive critical response; \\\"Variety\\\" magazine's Todd McCarthy stated about Zellweger: \\\"Projecting gravity and impatience that she hasn't shown before, Zellweger is outstanding as the smart young woman who resents the interruption to her life’s momentum but ends up growing in ways she never\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648468\",\n \"text\": \"actress to be \\\"a performer who emanates kindness and a pure heart\\\", and \\\"Variety\\\" remarked: \\\"Few actresses can convey the kind of honesty and humanity that Zellweger does here — it’s hard to imagine the film without her dominant, thoroughly credible performance\\\". She won her first Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, but she was in the bathroom when future co-star Hugh Grant announced her name. Zellweger later protested: \\\"I had lipstick on my teeth!\\\" In 2001, Zellweger gained the prized lead role of Bridget Jones, opposite Hugh Grant and Colin Firth, in the\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10368624\",\n \"text\": \"Shea Zellweger Shea Zellweger (born September 7, 1925 in Chicago, Illinois, USA) served as Chair of the Psychology Department at the University of Mount Union from 1969 to 1992. Zellweger’s lifetime achievements and academic contributions to education continue to be significant. He received his Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology at Temple University in 1966. His doctoral dissertation focused on early visual stimulation experience and its later effects on discrimination learning. Zellweger is probably best known for his creation of a simpler and more mentally intuitive system of logic notation called the Logic Alphabet. The Logic Alphabet, also known as the X-stem\",\n \"title\": \"Shea Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8036603\",\n \"text\": \"Zellweger plants. Zellweger off-peak Zellweger is the brand name of an electric switching device used for to control off-peak electrical loads such as water heaters. It is an example of carrier current signaling. Power stations transmit a ripple signal on the main transmission lines when off-peak rates start (often around 10 pm). This ripple noise is picked up by the Zellweger, which after a random delay turns the hot water heater on. The noise is often picked up by other equipment, especially audio amplifiers and stereos and the noise can cause problems with other electrical devices. It is especially audible\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger off-peak\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844411\",\n \"text\": \"into the adjacent garage, killing the other guard outside. Jack goes over to Renee and hugs her, noticing the state of Laitanin's body, while she begins to cry. She tells Jack that she doesn't have anything, or anyone. He returns that she has him. Jack and Renee talk about what happened to Vladimir, and Renee seems to need convincing that it was in fact, self-defense. She didn't think it would work, since she stabbed Valdimir so many times. Jack told her it was just that, nothing else. It was self-defense. Meanwhile, Jack calls Cole and tells him and his team\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12698769\",\n \"text\": \"CBS, NBC, Fox, Bravo, USA, MTV, CMT, GAC, BBC, PBS, and NPR. Grant-Williams’ skills were used in a recent Country Music Association, Closeup Magazine article, where she explained, “Emergency repairs are often what bring singers to me. But the goal is to keep accidents…from happening.” Renee Grant-Williams Renee Grant-Williams is an American vocal coach living in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. She is also an active classical singer, conductor, communication skills expert, and published author. Grant-Williams is considered one of the most effective voice coaches in the business and has been a consultant to nearly every major record label. Her client\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Grant-Williams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587387\",\n \"text\": \"Sorkin, Fox later apologized, saying it was her fault for missing her mark. \\\"The West Wing\\\"'s first season finale was nominated for an Emmy award for Outstanding Single Camera Picture Editing for a Series (Tina Hirsch). This was one of two Emmy nominations the series received in this category for 2000, the other being for episode 10, \\\"In Excelsis Deo\\\" (Bill Johnson). In the end the award was won by ER, but Hirsch did win an Eddie Award for Best Edited One-Hour Series for Television. \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" was also one of eight episodes submitted for\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587381\",\n \"text\": \"on the Sunset Strip\\\", as well as the series finale of \\\"The Newsroom\\\", all of which were created by Aaron Sorkin. It was also a quote by Leo in the fourth-season episode \\\"Commencement\\\" in the situation room. Sorkin claimed that he took the phrase from Robert Whitehead, lead producer of Sorkin's \\\"A Few Good Men,\\\" who used to start meetings at the end of rehearsal days by asking this question. \\\"What Kind of Day Has it Been\\\" begins with the president attending a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. As the entourage exits the building, Secret Service Agent Gina Toscano\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20590997\",\n \"text\": \"therapy, and other medical services to aid the child through treatment. There are medical trials taking place to learn more about these disorders. Most infants that are diagnosed do not live past 6 months. It can be diagnosed by a blood test looking for PEX genes in the body. It occurs in 1 in 50,000 individuals. Zellweger spectrum disorders Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare disorders that create the same disease process. The subdivisions of this spectrum are hyperpipecolic acidemia, Infantile Refsum disease, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and Zellweger syndrome. It can also be referred to as Peroxisomal Biogenesis\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger spectrum disorders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8036602\",\n \"text\": \"handled by authorised people as breakage of the glass tube could cause a dangerous situation by releasing the radioactive material. The device reportedly contains a 'glow tube' containing tritium and radium. A few images are attached from an older electromechanical Zellweger ripple plant near Silverdale. Many of these Zellweger plants are still in use in New Zealand. Frequency used is 1050 Hz, superimposed upon the 50 Hz mains. Solid state Zellweger equipment is used as well, which can directly inject into the 22 kV or 33 kV sub transmission mains instead of the 11 kV mains as with these older\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger off-peak\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8036598\",\n \"text\": \"Zellweger off-peak Zellweger is the brand name of an electric switching device used for to control off-peak electrical loads such as water heaters. It is an example of carrier current signaling. Power stations transmit a ripple signal on the main transmission lines when off-peak rates start (often around 10 pm). This ripple noise is picked up by the Zellweger, which after a random delay turns the hot water heater on. The noise is often picked up by other equipment, especially audio amplifiers and stereos and the noise can cause problems with other electrical devices. It is especially audible from ceiling\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger off-peak\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15949416\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Botta Renee Botta is the Chair of the Department of Media, Film & Journalism Studies at the University of Denver where she has conducted extensive research on the relationship between media use and eating disorders among adolescents from diverse populations. She earned a Ph.D. in 1998 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At the University of Denver she teaches courses in health communication, mass communication & public relations in many different graduate and undergraduate courses. Her main focus of work away from the University has been about increasing sanitation and clean water in slums such as Kibera. Renee Botta earned\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Botta\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15949409\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Botta Renee Botta is the Chair of the Department of Media, Film & Journalism Studies at the University of Denver where she has conducted extensive research on the relationship between media use and eating disorders among adolescents from diverse populations. She earned a Ph.D. in 1998 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At the University of Denver she teaches courses in health communication, mass communication & public relations in many different graduate and undergraduate courses. Her main focus of work away from the University has been about increasing sanitation and clean water in slums such as Kibera. Renee Botta earned\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Botta\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10368626\",\n \"text\": \"a year at the Biological Computer Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, under the direction of Heinz von Foerster. In 1982, while on sabbatical leave at the Peirce Edition Project, in Indianapolis (IUPUI), he examined and carefully reordered a 900 page section of manuscripts written by Charles Sanders Peirce entitled “The Simplest Mathematics” (1902). In 1989, he served the Peirce Edition Project again when he added to the proper sequencing of specific sections of Peirce’s extensive manuscripts. These multidisciplinary experiences contributed to the development, over a forty year period, of his X-stem Logic Alphabet. Zellweger has been a respected academic\",\n \"title\": \"Shea Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648459\",\n \"text\": \"in the first ever Houston Post High School Natural Science Essay Contest. After high school, she enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1991. While at university, Zellweger took a drama course as an elective, which initially sparked her interest in acting. In Zellweger's junior year, her father lost his job and was unable to support her at college, so she took a job as a cocktail waitress in Austin, Texas. Zellweger said of the job, \\\"I learned a lot. As much as I did in my\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648486\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Top 100 Celebrities\\\" list made by \\\"Forbes\\\" in 2006, and the following year, she was placed at 20 among \\\"the 20 richest women in entertainment\\\", by the magazine. After Zellweger's appearance at the 21st-annual \\\"Elle\\\" magazine Women in Hollywood Awards in October 2014, there was media and social commentary that she was hardly recognizable, which resulted in speculation that she had undertaken substantial cosmetic surgery. Zellweger responded, \\\"Perhaps I look different. Who doesn't as they get older?! Ha. But I am different. I'm happy.\\\" From 1999 to 2000, Zellweger was engaged to Jim Carrey. In 2003, she had a brief\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648457\",\n \"text\": \"and author Beatrix Potter in \\\"Miss Potter\\\" (2006). Roles in smaller scale films, such as \\\"Appaloosa\\\" (2008), \\\"My One and Only\\\" (2009) and \\\"Case 39\\\" (2009), were followed by a six-year hiatus from the screen. Subsequent films include \\\"The Whole Truth\\\" (2016) and \\\"Same Kind of Different as Me\\\" (2017). She is set to portray Judy Garland in \\\"Judy\\\" (2019). Zellweger was born on April 25, 1969, in Katy, Texas. Her father, Emil Erich Zellweger, is from the Swiss town of Au, St. Gallen and descends from an Appenzell family, and was a mechanical and electrical engineer who worked in\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4122102\",\n \"text\": \"peroxisomes. The accumulation of these lipids can impair the normal function of multiple organ systems, as discussed above. In addition, these individuals can show deficient levels of plasmalogens, ether-phospholipids that are especially important for brain and lung function. In addition to genetic tests involving the sequencing of \\\"PEX\\\" genes, biochemical tests have proven highly effective for the diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome and other peroxisomal disorders. Typically, Zellweger syndrome patients show elevated very long chain fatty acids in their blood plasma. Cultured primarily skin fibroblasts obtained from patients show elevated very long chain fatty acids, impaired very long chain fatty acid\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4122100\",\n \"text\": \"in this regard, serves to insulate nerve fibers in the brain. Patients can also show postdevelopmental sensorineuronal degeneration that leads to a progressive loss of hearing and vision. Zellweger syndrome can also affect the function of many other organ systems. Patients can show craniofacial abnormalities (such as a high forehead, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, and a large fontanel), hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), chondrodysplasia punctata (punctate calcification of the cartilage in specific regions of the body), eye abnormalities, and renal cysts. Newborns may present with profound hypotonia (low muscle tone), seizures, apnea, and an inability to eat. Zellweger syndrome\",\n \"title\": \"Zellweger syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648483\",\n \"text\": \"deserve better than this predictable courtroom drama\\\". In \\\"Same Kind of Different as Me\\\" (2017), a film adaptation of the autobiographical book by the same name, Zellweger starred with Djimon Hounsou, Olivia Holt and Jon Voight, as the wife of an art dealer whose struggling relationship is changed for the better by a homeless man. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a moderate commercial success. \\\"The Wrap\\\", nevertheless, remarked: \\\"Zellweger, in fact, delivers a gentle, thoughtful, yet headstrong performance as the wife who digs in her heels to get human decency out of the people she cares\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648482\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"the warmest and most satisfying of the series\\\" and concluded that Zellweger's \\\"wise, light-hearted performance anchors this happy reunion, a surprising and refreshing gift from a creative well that seemed to have run dry\\\". In the crime drama \\\"The Whole Truth\\\" (2016), directed by Courtney Hunt and opposite Keanu Reeves, Zellweger took the role of Loretta Lassiter, the mother of a teenager suspected of murdering his wealthy father. Filmed in New Orleans in July 2014, \\\"The Whole Truth\\\" was released on October 21, 2016, for selected theaters and video-on-demand, receiving average reviews. \\\"Variety\\\" remarked: \\\"Truth be told, [Reeves and Zellweger]\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648473\",\n \"text\": \"her father's presumed death. The film garnered several award nominations and wins for its actors; Zellweger won the award for Best Supporting Actress at the 76th Academy Awards, the 61st Golden Globe Awards, the 10th Screen Actors Guild Awards, and the 57th British Academy Film Awards. In 2004, Zellweger provided her voice for the DreamWorks animated feature \\\"Shark Tale\\\", and reprised her title role in \\\"\\\", which made US$262 million around the globe and earned her a fourth Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy nomination. In 2005, she played the wife of world heavyweight\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648465\",\n \"text\": \"success really counts. She plays a woman who believes in this guy she loves, and reminds us that true love is about idealism.\\\" She was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role. In the religious drama \\\"A Price Above Rubies\\\" (1998), Zellweger starred as a young woman who finds it difficult to conform to the restrictions imposed on her by the community. The film flopped at the box office, but Zellweger was applauded by some critics such as Ebert, who once again impressed by her, stated that she gave\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648462\",\n \"text\": \"Leatherface. While the film went unnoticed, Joe Leydon for \\\"Variety\\\" magazine lauded Zellweger, calling her \\\"the most formidable scream queen since Jamie Lee Curtis went legit.\\\" In her next film, the crime comedy \\\"Love and a .45\\\" (1994), Zellweger played a woman who plans a robbery with her boyfriend. Despite the film received a limited release in theaters, Marc Savlov of \\\"Austin Chronicle\\\" applauded the main cast saying they were \\\"all excellent in their roles\\\" and noted that \\\"Zellweger's character – all squeals and caged sexuality – seems a bit too close to Juliette Lewis' Mallory Knox (of \\\"Natural Born\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648488\",\n \"text\": \"to design a handbag to raise money and awareness for the Breast Health Institute. \\\"Because of the experiences of close friends and family members who have had to endure and battle the challenges of breast cancer, I am a passionate supporter of breast health education and charitable causes,\\\" Zellweger stated about joining the campaign. In 2004, Zellweger won the Academy Award, the Golden Globe, the BAFTA Award and the SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress for \\\"Cold Mountain\\\". She received six Golden Globe Award nominations, winning three for her performances in \\\"Nurse Betty\\\" (2000), \\\"Chicago\\\" (2002), and \\\"Cold Mountain\\\" (2003).\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648480\",\n \"text\": \"screened at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival, and released for DVD. After \\\"My Own Love Song\\\" was released, Zellweger took a six-year hiatus from screen acting, as she found the time to \\\"go away and grow up a bit\\\". Reflecting on this period of time in a July 2016 interview with British \\\"Vogue\\\" magazine, she explained: \\\"I was fatigued and wasn’t taking the time I needed to recover between projects, and it caught up with me [...] I got sick of the sound of my own voice\\\". In 2013, Zellweger co-created and executive produced \\\"Cinnamon Girl\\\", an original drama series\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648464\",\n \"text\": \"she played a single mother and the romantic interest of a glossy sports agent (Tom Cruise). The film received unanimous critical acclaim and grossed over US$273 million worldwide. It was Cruise who chose her to play his love interest and later credited her with \\\"revealing the core humanity of the movie\\\". Roger Ebert, showing approval of Zellweger and Cruise's chemistry in it, wrote: \\\"The film is often a delight, especially when Cruise and Zellweger are together on the screen. He plays Maguire with the earnestness of a man who wants to find greatness and happiness in an occupation where only\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825177\",\n \"text\": \"learns Bree is a grandmother and uses the fact to her advantage, trying to sabotage Bree's relationship with Keith. Bree gets back at Renee by ruining her date with Keith. Renee realizes that Bree likes Keith more and the two women make peace. Renee has Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria) over for drinks to celebrate her $8 million divorce settlement. Gaby reveals that she has had a nose job and Renee reveals that she slept with her husband's divorce attorney to get the settlement. Renee then tells the women about Gaby's nose job. Doug then pays Renee a visit and tells\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3211264\",\n \"text\": \"the 2013 supernatural thriller \\\"The Midnight Game\\\" and as Jess Felton in the 2014 technology-themed thriller film \\\"Unfriended\\\". Renee is married to pianist Tommy King, and legally took his last name. Olstead is a vegan. She appeared in a PETA ad, \\\"Fish Are Friends Not Food\\\", urging her fans to become vegan themselves. In 2012, Olstead joined PETA's campaign to free the elephant Mali from captivity at the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden, where she has been alone for the last three decades. Renee Olstead Renee Olstead (born June 18, 1989) is an American actress and singer. Active since childhood\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Olstead\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9745423\",\n \"text\": \"the mother of 2 boys, Kyle and Cody. Renee Simons Renee Simons (born April 18, 1972 in Oliver, British Columbia as Renee Lemke) is a Canadian curler. Playing lead for Kelly Scott, Simons won the 2006 Scott Tournament of Hearts, the 2007 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, a bronze medal at the 2006 Ford World Women's Curling Championship and a gold medal at the 2007 World Women's Curling Championship. She has played lead for Scott from 2002 to 2009. Prior to joining the Scott team, Simons had been to one other national championship. In 1991, she played third for Allison MacInnes\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Simons\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9745422\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Simons Renee Simons (born April 18, 1972 in Oliver, British Columbia as Renee Lemke) is a Canadian curler. Playing lead for Kelly Scott, Simons won the 2006 Scott Tournament of Hearts, the 2007 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, a bronze medal at the 2006 Ford World Women's Curling Championship and a gold medal at the 2007 World Women's Curling Championship. She has played lead for Scott from 2002 to 2009. Prior to joining the Scott team, Simons had been to one other national championship. In 1991, she played third for Allison MacInnes at the Canadian Junior Curling Championships. She is\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Simons\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648479\",\n \"text\": \"thriller Zellweger filmed in 2006, she took on the role of a social worker assigned to take care of a mysterious girl. The film had a lengthy post-production and was not released in theaters in the United States until 2010. It was universally panned by critics and only earned US$5.3 million in its opening weekend, leading \\\"Indiewire\\\" to write that Zellweger \\\"faces an [u]ncertain [f]uture\\\" as she was in \\\"an unforgiving industry that doles out few juicy roles for women over 40\\\". The road drama \\\"My Own Love Song\\\", in which she played a former singer suffering from paralysis, was\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1648476\",\n \"text\": \"its opening weekend, described as \\\"disappointing\\\" by website Box Office Mojo. \\\"MTV.com\\\" praised the actress for \\\"displaying an unexpected gift for drawling sarcasm\\\", but Kevin Williamson for website \\\"Jam!\\\" criticized her role, remarking that she, \\\"as the kind of lippy heroine epitomized by Rosalind Russell, is miscast in a role that demands snark, not sleepy-eyed sweetness\\\". In the western \\\"Appaloosa\\\" (2008), Zellweger appeared opposite Ed Harris and Viggo Mortensen, played a beguiling widow. The film earned critical acclaim but grossed a modest US$20 million at the North American box office. Zellweger produced the made-for-television feature \\\"Living Proof\\\", starring Harry Connick\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19414193\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Cramer Renee Ann Cramer is an American law and society scholar. She is a Professor and chair of the Law, Politics, and Society program at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. Renee Cramer received her Ph.D. from New York University in 2001. Her dissertation \\\"The Politics of Recognition: What Matters In the Determination of Tribal Identity?\\\" was honored the \\\"2001 Outstanding Dissertation in \\\"2001 Outstanding Dissertation in the Field of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics\\\" in the Race, Ethnicity, and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association. Cramer received her Masters of Philosophy from New York University in 1999\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Cramer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19414200\",\n \"text\": \"Jolles (ed.), Fashion Talks: Undressing the Power of Style. Albany: SUNY Press. 2008 Several peer-reviewed and invited entries on Federal Acknowledgement and Tribal Gaming, in The Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law, edited by Tim Alan Garrison and Paul Finkleman, CQ Press. Renee Cramer Renee Ann Cramer is an American law and society scholar. She is a Professor and chair of the Law, Politics, and Society program at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. Renee Cramer received her Ph.D. from New York University in 2001. Her dissertation \\\"The Politics of Recognition: What Matters In the Determination of Tribal\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Cramer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15534631\",\n \"text\": \"on Saturdays from March to May 2008. Following Surfari, Bargh joined the music station \\\"Channel [V] Australia\\\". During her time there, she co-hosted \\\"\\\"What you Want\\\"\\\", Channel V's studio countdown show, was the host of the weekly \\\"V Rater\\\" and \\\"V News\\\", and presented two series of \\\"B430\\\", Channel V's youth Travel show, which took her to Budapest, New Zealand, New York and Los Angeles. In 2010, Renee moved to Los Angeles and became \\\"Extra\\\"’s weekend co-host and correspondent through the show's 17th Season. Renee Bargh Renee Bargh (born 18 October 1986) is an Australian celebrity and TV presenter, who\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Bargh\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825175\",\n \"text\": \"of small people caused by an unspecified incident at a circus when she was a child. Renee Perry arrives in Fairview to visit Lynette and her family. Renee speaks of her exciting life as the rich wife of professional baseball player Doug Perry (Reggie Austin). She and Lynette banter but it soon turns hurtful with Renee insulting her in front of the other women, telling Lynette she has not succeeded in life and has let herself be tied down to a suburban life. Lynette decides to throw Renee out, but Renee then confesses to Lynette that Doug is divorcing her.\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9767495\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing Has Been Proved \\\"Nothing Has Been Proved\\\" is a song and a single release by British singer Dusty Springfield, written and produced by Pet Shop Boys. The song was the second collaboration between Springfield and Pet Shop Boys, following their UK #2 and US #2 hit duet \\\"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\\\" in 1987. \\\"Nothing Has Been Proved\\\" prominently features an orchestral arrangement by Angelo Badalamenti and a soprano saxophone solo by Courtney Pine. Marshall Jefferson provided a dance mix which appeared on the 12\\\" and CD singles. \\\"Nothing Has Been Proved\\\" was produced for the 1989\",\n \"title\": \"Nothing Has Been Proved\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6952388\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Griffin Renee Griffin, Renee Allman or Renee Ammann (born May 30, 1968 in Long Beach, California), is an American actress. Renee Griffin is married to actor James Marshall. She was a regular cast member on the now-defunct ABC soap \\\"Port Charles\\\", playing the part of Danielle Ashley from 1997-1998. In 2001 she appeared on the TV series \\\"Black Scorpion\\\" as the villain Aerobicide. Griffin is best known for her role as Lanie in the cult favorite stoner film, \\\"The Stoned Age\\\" (1994), and as Angel who was decapitated in the 1991 action movie \\\"Showdown in Little Tokyo\\\". Renee has\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7371225\",\n \"text\": \"hits the car. Renee is taken to hospital and dies in surgery. An inquest confirms her death as an accident. Eric Croston from the Independent Broadcasting Authority said that Renee and Alf's wedding had been a \\\"long-awaited day\\\" for all. A writer from the \\\"Sunday Mail\\\" said that scriptwriters felt that Renee and Alf's marriage was \\\"dead in the water\\\". They branded Renee the \\\"kindly shopkeeper\\\" who dies in \\\"a grisly crash which shocked viewers\\\". A \\\"Daily Record\\\" columnist chose the episode that Alf proposes to Renee as their \\\"drama choice\\\" in a \\\"pick of the day\\\" feature. A reporter\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Bradshaw\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844413\",\n \"text\": \"the safehouse. Renee comes out of hiding and immediately wants to know where they took Jack, and Cole said he had no idea what she was talking about. She tells him she's talking about the Russians, she then asks him about the drones they have, Cole tells her no movement has been detected outside the warehouse. Meanwhile, Jack is seen in the underground tunnel system with Bazhaev's men. Jack is tortured, but ultimately gets free and gets Bazhaev personally. He makes a deal with him, giving him and his son, Josef immunity. He tells them where the rods are, they\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17921838\",\n \"text\": \"thesis entitled \\\"Resource heterogeneity and the foraging ecology of the malabar giant squirrel, \\\"Ratufa indica\\\"\\\". Borges has contributed a chapter to the book Battles Over Nature: Science and the Politics of Conservation as well as being cited in the Journal of Moral Theology. Borges has made significant contributions in her field of research. Some of her appointments are: Renee Borges Renee Maria Borges (born 25 February 1959) is an Indian scientist. She is currently a professor & chair at the Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science. Her work has been featured on India Today. Borges had her first\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Borges\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7709722\",\n \"text\": \"returning to the UK later when the case had gone cold. Disappearance of Renee MacRae Renee MacRae (born Christina Catherine MacDonald, February 1940) is a Scottish woman, missing since 1976, and who is presumed to have been murdered. Her disappearance, along with her 3-year-old son, Andrew, is currently Britain's longest running missing persons case, and within Scotland, the case is as notorious as Glasgow's Bible John murders. Nobody has ever been charged with the murders of Renee MacRae and her son, and the case remains open. MacRae lived in Inverness and was married to Gordon MacRae, though the couple were\",\n \"title\": \"Disappearance of Renee MacRae\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825179\",\n \"text\": \"her invites her to dinner. As Renee can't stand Susan she is not excited to go but since she has nothing better to do, the two go out for her birthday. During dinner, Renee reveals that she is still in love with a guy that she had an affair with 20 years ago. Later that night, when Renee is drunk and about to fall asleep, she tells Susan that Tom Scavo is the guy. Susan tells Tom that she knows about the affair and suggest that Tom ask Renee to move off the Lane or she will tell Lynette. Renee\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16754752\",\n \"text\": \"career in 2011 and in October, became the second person to win the Amateur Night at the Apollo Theatre in the last three years with her original song, \\\"Got Me Loose\\\". Amateur Night has been the launching ground for many singers, including Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, James Brown, The Jackson 5, Patti LaBelle, Marvin Gaye, Luther Vandross, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Ben E. King, Mariah Carey, and Lauryn Hill, among others. Reesa has performed alongside musical veterans Eric Roberson, Raheem DeVaughn, Chuck Brown, Roy Ayers and Wale. She cites Jill Scott as an inspiration. Reesa Renee Reesa Renee is a\",\n \"title\": \"Reesa Renee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844389\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Taylor is being held captive, but then attempts to overcome Jack and is killed. Renee is shaken up when Jack informs her of Vossler's death, but resolves to continue on. Renee and Jack meet at Dubaku's hideout, but are unable to prevent Taylor from being shot and seriously wounded during the rescue attempt. Larry Moss scolds Renee for her actions involving Vossler's family, but Renee defends her actions as necessary, even though she may not be comfortable with them. Jack and Renee then travel to the residence of Marika Donoso, whom Dubaku has developed a relationship with under an\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7709711\",\n \"text\": \"Disappearance of Renee MacRae Renee MacRae (born Christina Catherine MacDonald, February 1940) is a Scottish woman, missing since 1976, and who is presumed to have been murdered. Her disappearance, along with her 3-year-old son, Andrew, is currently Britain's longest running missing persons case, and within Scotland, the case is as notorious as Glasgow's Bible John murders. Nobody has ever been charged with the murders of Renee MacRae and her son, and the case remains open. MacRae lived in Inverness and was married to Gordon MacRae, though the couple were separated. She had two sons, 9-year-old Gordon and 3-year-old Andrew. On\",\n \"title\": \"Disappearance of Renee MacRae\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7371217\",\n \"text\": \"storyline Renee accompanies Alf, Fred Gee (Fred Feast) and Mavis Wilton (Thelma Barlow) on a fishing trip. Renee falls into the river and Mavis jumps in to rescue Renee. Hindle cannot swim and was surprised to be handed a wetsuit to perform her own stunts. She complained to the director who decided to use another actor to film the scene. A six-foot male wearing a dress and a red wig posed as Renee completing the stunt. Barlow was also nervous about the river and had been drinking whisky to keep warm. Location manager Gordon McKeller was unaware and put brandy\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Bradshaw\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20848287\",\n \"text\": \"series order announcement, it was confirmed that Renée Zellweger had been cast in the series' lead role. In August 2018, it was announced that Jane Levy and Blake Jenner had joined the cast in starring roles. In September 2018, it was reported that Samantha Ware, Juan Castano, Keith Powers, Saamer Usmani, Dave Annable, and Louis Herthum had been cast in the series with Herthum in a recurring role. On December 20, 2018, it was announced that Daniella Pineda had joined the main cast in a series regular role. What/If What/If is an upcoming American drama web television series, created by\",\n \"title\": \"What/If\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13767566\",\n \"text\": \"turns out to be his long, lost love, Clarice. As they reunite, the video flashes back to the younger Clarice and Nathan sharing a kiss. This version has been played on CMT, TNN and GAC, as well as CMT's sister channel, Pure Country. \\\"What Might Have Been\\\" debuted at number 72 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 29, 1993. What Might Have Been \\\"What Might Have Been\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in May 1993 as the lead-off single from their second (and\",\n \"title\": \"What Might Have Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10368625\",\n \"text\": \"Logic Alphabet (XLA), is a notation system that contains a unique and visually iconographic approach to learning and performing logic operations. Patents have been issued on its design in the United States, Canada and Japan. Zellweger’s background is a combination of formal education and extensive research in the fields of Psychology, Pedagogy, Semiotics and Logic. In 1949, Zellweger attended a summer seminar at the Institute of General Semantics with Alfred Korzybski. In 1949–52, still in the era of Robert M. Hutchins and the Great Books Program, he earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Chicago. In 1975–76, he spent\",\n \"title\": \"Shea Zellweger\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13210527\",\n \"text\": \"with them.\\\" Peck has received awards from the Associated Press and New Orleans Press Club for service journalism. In 2010, she was granted the McCormick Foundation New Media Women Entrepreneurs award. Peck is currently the editor for NolaVie, a website featuring life and culture in New Orleans. NolaVie is populated by experienced journalists and members of various cultural organizations and is run by local businesswoman, Sharon Litwin, as well as Renee Peck and a group of editors and writers. Renee Peck Renee Peck (born June Renee Brandt) is an American writer, best known for her weekly column in The Times-Picayune\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Peck\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11991583\",\n \"text\": \"the RAI National Orchestra, the Rossini Opera Festival Orchestra, Milan’s Verdi Orchestra and Manchester's Halle Orchestra to name a few. The artist made her screen debut in Francis Ford Coppola’s Godfather III movie, singing and acting in the opera sequences from Cavalleria Rusticana. In Italy, Ms. Renee has hosted a weekly television show for Italian audiences on classical music and opera called “Un Tocco di Classica”. More recently, Ms. Renee was chosen by Dynamic Recording Company of Genova, to host the High Definition satellite broadcasts that transmit live opera performances to movie theatres throughout Europe. Madelyn Renee Madelyn Renee is\",\n \"title\": \"Madelyn Renee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844396\",\n \"text\": \"so, Jack explains that Tony's accomplices have operatives in place, placing his daughter's life in danger, and asks Renee to save her. Renee calls Kim at the airport and warns her about the operatives, but the call is cut off. As security closes in, a firefight breaks out. Renee arrives to find Kim safe after chasing a surviving operative into a parking garage. With Kim's help, she is able to locate Jack, and goes with a team to rescue him. Renee is able to disarm an explosive device that Tony has attached to Jack, and the two are able to\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5226622\",\n \"text\": \"by Lorelei King. Renee Montoya Renee Maria Montoya is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was initially created for \\\"\\\", and was preemptively introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992. The character has developed significantly over the years. Renee Montoya is initially a detective from the Gotham City Police Department, assigned to the Major Crimes Unit who comes into frequent contact with the masked vigilante, Batman. Over the course of her comic book history, Renee is outed as a lesbian, and later resigns from the police\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Montoya\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5226591\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Montoya Renee Maria Montoya is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was initially created for \\\"\\\", and was preemptively introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992. The character has developed significantly over the years. Renee Montoya is initially a detective from the Gotham City Police Department, assigned to the Major Crimes Unit who comes into frequent contact with the masked vigilante, Batman. Over the course of her comic book history, Renee is outed as a lesbian, and later resigns from the police force, disgusted by\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Montoya\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18216863\",\n \"text\": \"London, among other beautiful and exotic places. Tanyka Renee has launched a world wide campaign to educate and empower young women to rise above the stereotypes. She is currently preparing for an international tour in 2015. Philadelphia Daily News Dan Gross: Tanyka Renee: Her Passion is football Philadelphia Metro Passion, LFL heating up newsstands this month Tanyka Renee Tanyka Renee (born January 18, 1986) is an American health and fitness journalist, author, Playboy Model, former pro-athlete and holistic nutritionist. Journalism/Writing Tanyka currently serves as the Deputy Editor for Bombshell by Bleu. In the past Taynka was a contributing writer for\",\n \"title\": \"Tanyka Renee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825189\",\n \"text\": \"refuses to let the driver take Julie to the hospital. Renee has the driver stop by a shop where she and Gaby steal a new wedding dress. When they get back from the store, the limo is gone so Renee is forced to walk to her own wedding, in the wedding dress. In the end, Renee and Ben get married. Williams's portrayal of Renee Perry received mostly positive reviews among critics and fans. Following the eventual cancellation of Williams's previous show \\\"Ugly Betty\\\" where she starred as villain Wilhelmina Slater, it was immediately announced that Williams will be joining \\\"Desperate\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825188\",\n \"text\": \"something and that it has something to do with the body. Ben refuses to tell her the truth and claims it is for her own protection. The truth was that Ben had helped Bree bury the body of Gaby's stepfather. At Bree's murder trial, Ben refuses to testify so he is arrested, forcing Renee to testify against Bree. After Bree is exonerated, Renee apologizes for her damaging testimony and Bree forgives her. In the series finale, Renee gets ready to marry Ben. In the limo, Julie Mayer's (Andrea Bowen) water breaks and ruins Renee's wedding dress. Renee is furious and\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825182\",\n \"text\": \"basically just people who work in the neighborhood, and chastises Renee for this. Renee fires back at how selfish Beth was for taking her life and Gaby realizes that Renee's mother killed herself. Renee explains that she holds the party every year on the same day to show that she chooses life. When a new neighbor, Ben Faulkner (Charles Mesure) moves into town, Renee sets her sights on him. She goes over to his place and offers him sex, confident that he will accept. To her surprise, Ben turns her down flat. After discovering he has a soft spot for\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17921837\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Borges Renee Maria Borges (born 25 February 1959) is an Indian scientist. She is currently a professor & chair at the Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science. Her work has been featured on India Today. Borges had her first stint in science at the St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. She obtained her bachelor's degree in zoology and microbiology, with distinction, from the Institute of Science of the University of Bombay in 1979. She also obtained her master's degree in animal physiology, in 1982. She received a PhD from the University of Miami, in Coral Gables, Florida, with a\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Borges\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20951828\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Hoyos Renee Hoyos is a business person, environmental advocate, and the former director of the Tennessee Clean Water Network While director of the TCWN she pressed a lawsuit against KUB for their dumping of toxic waste into local water supplies, and pointed out that the Mississippi River, which drains a third of the United States' freshwater, has been used for decades as the nation's \\\"sewer\\\". In February 2017 she also requested a townhall meeting with the current US Representative for the district, John Duncan Jr., to discuss a bill that was pending in the House to abolish the Environmental\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Hoyos\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9466626\",\n \"text\": \"Walter Sondheim Artscape Prize. Andrea Barnwell Brownlee, Ph.D., a director for the Spelman College Museum of Fine Art in Georgia has recently been involved with one of Renee Stout's larger projects, The Thinking Room exhibition, and a book, Renee Stout: \\\"Tales of the Conjure Woman\\\", which \\\"brings together more than sixty recent works and draws viewers into a dynamic, complex, and richly textured web. This exhibition of fictitious tales and courageous ingenuity offers a rare and special opportunity for viewers to explore the mythic, folk, and spiritual traditions that inform and shape Stout's complex world view and temporarily suspend disbelief\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Stout\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19804417\",\n \"text\": \"called \\\"A Boat, a Whale & a Walrus\\\". Erickson has been a prominent supporter of Seattle's minimum wage increase, adopting the $15 minimum hourly wage five years ahead of the legal mandate. Renee Erickson Renee Erickson (born 1972) is a Seattle-based chef who won the 2016 James Beard Award for Best Chef: Northwest. Erickson is the owner and chef of a group of restaurants in Seattle, including Bar Melusine, Bateau, Boat Street Cafe, The Whale Wins, Barnacle, and The Walrus and the Carpenter. \\\"Bon Appetit\\\" titled a 2016 profile of Erickson and her restaurants, \\\"Why Seattle Is One of the\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Erickson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844392\",\n \"text\": \"Larry help coordinate the rescue operations and counterattack. Later, Jack relays intelligence from Bill on another pending threat, but when he and Renee bring this information to Larry, Larry has Jack arrested, stating he'll \\\"look into it\\\". Renee approaches Ethan Kanin, who orders Larry to allow Jack to proceed with the investigation. Larry suspends Renee indefinitely, saying he can no longer trust her. During her suspension, Jack is framed for the murders of Ryan Burnett and Senator Mayer. Jack contacts Renee secretly, so she helps him identify and track the killer. She is discovered, though, when a message is intercepted,\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20877400\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Reid Renee Reid (born 28 May 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. Reid, who grew up in Sydney, was a product of the Australian Institute of Sport and played on the professional tour in the late 1990s, with a best ranking of 174 in the world. Reid competed in Australian Open qualifying for the first time in 1996, where she had a win over Patty Schnyder, before falling in the second round. In 1997 she lost to Amelie Mauresmo in qualifying, then in 1998 received a wildcard into the main draw. In what would be her\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Reid\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825178\",\n \"text\": \"her he wants her back. Gaby, furious at Renee for mocking her about her nose-job, tells Doug that Renee slept with his lawyer. Renee and Gaby get into a cat fight in the middle of a cabaret show and Renee ends up punching Gaby in the face. Doug calls Renee the next day and tells her they are even now and that he still wants her back. Renee decides not to get back together with Doug. Later in the season, Renee finds out that Doug is getting married again. Susan Delfino (Teri Hatcher) overhears Renee crying and feeling sorry for\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6586120\",\n \"text\": \"album developed deeper into production. The album was also influenced by the 1994 film \\\"Fresh\\\", In the song \\\"Lil' Boy Fresh\\\" he loosely summarizes the story from beginning to end. In the United States, \\\"What the Game's Been Missing!\\\" debuted at #9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, selling 141,000 copies in its first week. As of January 3, 2006, the album has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for selling 500,000 copies. As of October 2015 the album has sold 1,250,000 copies and gained platinum stats. What the Game's Been Missing! What the Game's Been Missing!\",\n \"title\": \"What the Game's Been Missing!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844417\",\n \"text\": \"CTU is taken out by the EMP bomb, Chloe calls Renee to say Jack is missing. She tells Chloe to \\\"do what you have to\\\" to get CTU back on-line. She leaves to find Jack at the docks area. Just as one of the snipers lines up to kill Jack, she takes him out with a shot to his head. Seconds later, she kills the remaining sniper, saving Jack and Agent Ortiz. After failing to rescue Hassan, Renee goes to Jack's apartment with him and the two have sex. Shortly after talking with Chloe and being informed that Samir (who\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11130250\",\n \"text\": \"in particular that the average moviegoer and critic have missed – the something that makes the pictures extraordinary.” The book has been reprinted several times, most recently in 1998 by Gramercy Books (). Two sequels were published, \\\"Cult Movies 2\\\" (1983, Dell, ) and \\\"Cult Movies 3\\\" (1988, Fireside, ), with each book reviewing fifty additional cult films. Cult Movies (book) Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each\",\n \"title\": \"Cult Movies (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10844394\",\n \"text\": \"of the pathogen's effects and save his life. Jack refuses treatment and Renee looks into his file. When Kim calls looking for her father, Renee explains the situation to her without Jack's knowledge, upsetting him and causing an emotional clash. After Larry Moss is killed by Almeida and Galvez in their successful theft of the last canister of the bio-weapon, she is visibly upset and personally leads the search for Galvez, Almeida not having been discovered yet. Renee is inside the abandoned building wired with explosives by Galvez when it explodes, but a warning from Jack saves her. After Jack\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587385\",\n \"text\": \"carnage, a Secret Service agent can be heard on the radio, asking \\\"Who's been hit?! Who's been hit?!\\\" While waiting with Bartlet in the Oval office for news on the missing pilot, Admiral Fitzwallace makes an observation on the presidential seal. The eagle on the seal holds an olive branch in its right talons and arrows in its left, and faces towards the olive branch. Yet when Congress declares war, he says, the eagle faces the arrows. This is an urban legend; though the design of the seal has changed over time, President Truman decided by Executive Order 9646, in\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7371224\",\n \"text\": \"affected by the crash and is abusive towards Renee. When he shouts at Annie, Renee apologises for his behaviour. But Alf becomes aggressive towards Renee for interfering. She threatens to leave him unless he receives psychiatric help. Renee becomes annoyed with living on Coronation Street and strives for a better life. Renee and Alf decide to move away to the countryside. She begins to take driving lessons. When Alf gets drunk, Renee is forced to drive despite being a learner driver. The car stalls and will not start. Alf becomes annoyed and orders Renee to exchange seats, but a lorry\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Bradshaw\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14825176\",\n \"text\": \"Feeling bad, Lynette tells Renee she can stay. Lynette assumes Renee will eventually go back to New York, but instead, she rents Edie's old house. Tom and Renee share a secret that Tom insists Lynette can never know about. Renee and Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross) go out clubbing and Renee ends up going home with Bree's handyman Keith Watson (Brian Austin Green). Bree, feeling jealous, calls Keith and tells him she needs him to fix her sprinklers. Renee is furious that Bree stole Keith out of her bed and tells her she will enjoy taking her down. Renee\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19388318\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Valente Renée Valente (July 15, 1927 – February 20, 2016) was an American film and television producer, as well as casting executive. Valente produced more than 70 films and television movies, including \\\"A Storm in Summer\\\", which earned her a Daytime Emmy Award in 2001. She also received an Emmy nomination 1979 as the producer of the \\\"Blind Ambition\\\", a television miniseries which starred Martin Sheen and Rip Torn. Valente became the first female President of the Producers Guild of America (PGA) during the 1980s. She also served as the female Vice President of Screen Gems & Columbia Pictures\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Valente\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4196908\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Channel Original Movie \\\"Camp Rock\\\", providing the singing voice for Jasmine Richards' character Margaret \\\"Peggy\\\" Dupree, singing the song \\\"Here I Am\\\". She sang \\\"Love From Afar\\\" on the soundtrack for \\\"Just Friends\\\". In 2012, she sang \\\"I Think I Like You\\\" with the band Eagle Eye. The song was featured in season two of \\\"Dance Moms\\\". On October 10, 2008, Renee was married in a private ceremony in Los Angeles, California to retirement investment expert Robby Welles. The couple has one child. Renee Sands Renee Ilene Sandstrom (born February 15, 1974), is an American singer and former child\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Sands\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7572865\",\n \"text\": \"York Times best selling author Ilona Andrews. Renee has also appeared on camera in recurring roles on various TV shows such as \\\"3rd Rock from the Sun\\\", \\\"Passions\\\", and in quick one-episode character spots on \\\"The Drew Carey Show\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"\\\". Renee Raudman Renee Raudman (born October 29) is an actress and voice actress who performed the English voice of Nastasha Romanenko in the video game \\\"Metal Gear Solid\\\" (under the pseudonym of Renne Collette) and its (using her real name). She also provides the voice of the recurring character Ms. Butterbean on the cartoon series \\\"The Grim Adventures\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Raudman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12698763\",\n \"text\": \"Renee Grant-Williams Renee Grant-Williams is an American vocal coach living in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. She is also an active classical singer, conductor, communication skills expert, and published author. Grant-Williams is considered one of the most effective voice coaches in the business and has been a consultant to nearly every major record label. Her client roster includes Faith Hill, Tim McGraw, Miley Cyrus, Christina Aguilera, Kenny Chesney, Bob Weir (Grateful Dead), Martina McBride, Keith Urban, Dixie Chicks, Carrie Underwood, Linda Ronstadt, and more. A full scholarship brought her a Bachelor of Music degree from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music.\",\n \"title\": \"Renee Grant-Williams\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["bridget jones's diary"],"string":"[\n \"bridget jones's diary\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1284,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what other writers influenced charles dickens?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12458038","text":"Cedric Charles Dickens Cedric David Charles Dickens (24 September 1916 – 11 February 2006) was an English author and businessman, and the last surviving great-grandson of Charles Dickens and steward of his literary legacy. Cedric \"Ceddy\" Dickens was the son of Philip \"Pip\" Charles Dickens (1887–1964), a chartered accountant and the first secretary of ICI. He was the grandson of Sir Henry Fielding Dickens, the sixth of Dicken’s ten children, a Common Serjeant of London, and the nephew of Admiral Sir Gerald Charles Dickens. He attended Eton and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, graduating in Law in 1935. Following three trips to","title":"Cedric Charles Dickens"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12458038\",\n \"text\": \"Cedric Charles Dickens Cedric David Charles Dickens (24 September 1916 – 11 February 2006) was an English author and businessman, and the last surviving great-grandson of Charles Dickens and steward of his literary legacy. Cedric \\\"Ceddy\\\" Dickens was the son of Philip \\\"Pip\\\" Charles Dickens (1887–1964), a chartered accountant and the first secretary of ICI. He was the grandson of Sir Henry Fielding Dickens, the sixth of Dicken’s ten children, a Common Serjeant of London, and the nephew of Admiral Sir Gerald Charles Dickens. He attended Eton and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, graduating in Law in 1935. Following three trips to\",\n \"title\": \"Cedric Charles Dickens\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"72847","text":"that the Victorian public confronted issues of social justice that had commonly been ignored. It has been argued that his technique of flooding his narratives with an 'unruly superfluity of material' that, in the gradual dénouement, yields up an unsuspected order, influenced the organisation of Charles Darwin's \"On the Origin of Species\". Museums and festivals celebrating Dickens's life and works exist in many places with which Dickens was associated. These include the Charles Dickens Museum in London, the historic home where he wrote \"Oliver Twist\", \"The Pickwick Papers\" and \"Nicholas Nickleby\"; and the Charles Dickens Birthplace Museum in Portsmouth, the","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"16363328","text":"Racism in the work of Charles Dickens Although Charles Dickens is known as a writer who was strongly sympathetic to the disadvantaged in Britain, in common with many eminent writers of his time he expressed attitudes that can be interpreted as racist and xenophobic in his journalism and fiction. While it cannot be said that he opposed fundamental freedoms of minorities in British society or supported legal segregation or employment discrimination, he defended the privileges of colonial Europeans and was dismissive of what he believed were primitive cultures. The \"Oxford Dictionary of English Literature\" describes Dickens as nationalistic, often stigmatising","title":"Racism in the work of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"20422086","text":"Letters of Charles Dickens The letters of Charles Dickens, of which more than 14,000 are known, range in date from about 1821, when Dickens was 9 years old, to 8 June 1870, the day before he died. They have been described as \"invariably idiosyncratic, exuberant, vivid, and amusing…widely recognized as a significant body of work in themselves, part of the Dickens canon\". They were written to family, friends, and the contributors to his literary periodicals, who included many of the leading writers of the day. Their letters to him were almost all burned by Dickens because of his horror at","title":"Letters of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12458041","text":"Charles Dickens, he also worked to preserve the heritage of the George and Vulture in the City of London, which was frequently mentioned in \"The Pickwick Papers\", where Charles Dickens himself often drank, and which was threatened with demolition; and Gads Hill Place in Kent, Dicken's final home, becoming a governor of Gad's Hill School, which occupies the building today. In 2005 he appeared in the first episode of BBC Four's documentary series \"Dickens in America\" with Miriam Margolyes, during which he talked about what it was like growing up as a member of the Dickens family. Dickens suffered a","title":"Cedric Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"16363365","text":"lost his sense that there was nothing desirable about the life-style of foreign peoples, though Racism in the work of Charles Dickens Although Charles Dickens is known as a writer who was strongly sympathetic to the disadvantaged in Britain, in common with many eminent writers of his time he expressed attitudes that can be interpreted as racist and xenophobic in his journalism and fiction. While it cannot be said that he opposed fundamental freedoms of minorities in British society or supported legal segregation or employment discrimination, he defended the privileges of colonial Europeans and was dismissive of what he believed","title":"Racism in the work of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72798","text":"a chapter on Charles Dickens, who was not amused by what Powell had written. One item that seemed to have annoyed him was the assertion that he had based the character of Paul Dombey (\"Dombey and Son\") on Thomas Chapman, one of the principal partners at John Chapman & Co. Dickens immediately sent a letter to Lewis Gaylord Clark, editor of the New York literary magazine \"The Knickerbocker\", saying that Powell was a forger and thief. Clark published the letter in the \"New-York Tribune\", and several other papers picked up on the story. Powell began proceedings to sue these publications,","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12458042","text":"severe stroke following emergency surgery, and died on 11 February 2006 aged 89. His autobiography, \"My Life\", was published in 2016 to mark the centenary of his birth. Assembled from Dickens' own writings by his daughter Jane Monk and Marion Dickens Lloyd, the book has an introduction by Miriam Margolyes and was launched at the Charles Dickens Museum in September 2016. Cedric Charles Dickens Cedric David Charles Dickens (24 September 1916 – 11 February 2006) was an English author and businessman, and the last surviving great-grandson of Charles Dickens and steward of his literary legacy. Cedric \"Ceddy\" Dickens was the","title":"Cedric Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72764","text":"and social criticism. On the other hand, Oscar Wilde, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of psychological depth, loose writing, and a vein of saccharine sentimentalism. The term \"Dickensian\" is used to describe something that is reminiscent of Dickens and his writings, such as poor social conditions or comically repulsive characters. Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on 7 February 1812, at 1 Mile End Terrace (now 393 Commercial Road), Landport in Portsea Island (Portsmouth), the second of eight children of Elizabeth Dickens (née Barrow; 1789–1863) and John Dickens (1785–1851). His father was a clerk in the","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"4866085","text":"also displayed at the museum. This is his Court Suit and sword, worn when Dickens was presented to the Prince of Wales in 1870. Charles Dickens Museum The Charles Dickens Museum is an author's house museum at 48 Doughty Street in Holborn, London Borough of Camden. It occupies a typical Georgian terraced house which was Charles Dickens's home from 25 March 1837 (a year after his marriage) to December 1839. Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Dickens (née Hogarth) lived here with the eldest three of their ten children, with the older two of Dickens's daughters, Mary Dickens and Kate","title":"Charles Dickens Museum"},{"psg_id":"4866081","text":"Charles Dickens Museum The Charles Dickens Museum is an author's house museum at 48 Doughty Street in Holborn, London Borough of Camden. It occupies a typical Georgian terraced house which was Charles Dickens's home from 25 March 1837 (a year after his marriage) to December 1839. Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Dickens (née Hogarth) lived here with the eldest three of their ten children, with the older two of Dickens's daughters, Mary Dickens and Kate Macready Dickens being born in the house. A new addition to the household was Dickens's younger brother Frederick. Also, Catherine's 17-year-old sister Mary moved","title":"Charles Dickens Museum"},{"psg_id":"12769625","text":"to 1945, when he retired. In 1945 he was appointed Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States) and a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur (France). Sir Gerald Dickens died of a heart attack in London aged 83 in 1962 and was buried at sea from off Chatham. He was the father of Captain Peter Dickens RN, the grandfather of actor Gerald Charles Dickens and great-grandfather of actor Harry Lloyd. Gerald Charles Dickens Admiral Sir Gerald Louis Charles Dickens (13 October 1879 – 19 November 1962) was a senior Royal Navy officer and the grandson of Victorian novelist Charles Dickens.","title":"Gerald Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"6239128","text":"Charles Dickens Jr. Charles Culliford Boz Dickens (6 January 1837 – 20 July 1896) was the first child of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. A failed businessman, he became the editor of his father's magazine \"All the Year Round\", and a successful writer of dictionaries. He is now most remembered for his two 1879 books \"Dickens's Dictionary of London\" and \"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames\". Charles Dickens Jr. was born at Furnival's Inn in Holborn, London, the first child of Charles Dickens and his then-wife Catherine Hogarth. He was called 'Charley' by family and friends. In","title":"Charles Dickens Jr."},{"psg_id":"12772244","text":"Peter Gerald Charles Dickens Captain Peter Gerald Charles Dickens DSO, MBE, DSC, RN (6 April 1917 – 25 May 1987) was a Royal Navy officer during World War II and a great-grandson of novelist Charles Dickens. The son of Admiral Sir Gerald Charles Dickens and Kathlen Pearl Birch, Peter Dickens was born in Fulham in London in 1917. Dickens joined the Royal Navy as a Naval Cadet in September 1934, being promoted to Midshipman in May 1935 when he was serving aboard HMS Nelson in the Home Fleet. Dickens was Acting Sub-Lieutenant in September 1937 and Sub-Lieutenant in May 1938","title":"Peter Gerald Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12772248","text":"the Dickens Fellowship, a worldwide association of people who share an interest in the life and works of Charles Dickens, and was President of the Coastal Forces Association. With his wife, Mary Alice Blagrove (the daughter of Rear-Admiral Henry Blagrove), he is the grandfather of the actor Harry Lloyd and uncle to the actor/performer Gerald Charles Dickens. Dickens died in 1987 at Tunbridge Wells in Kent. Peter Gerald Charles Dickens Captain Peter Gerald Charles Dickens DSO, MBE, DSC, RN (6 April 1917 – 25 May 1987) was a Royal Navy officer during World War II and a great-grandson of novelist","title":"Peter Gerald Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12458040","text":"the Dickens Fellowship, a worldwide association of people who share an interest in the life and works of Charles Dickens, first taking that position on the death of his father in 1968, and again on his retirement in 1976, when he also founded the Dickens Pickwick Club, a society with an international membership. This he kept true to the spirit of the original in \"The Pickwick Papers\" by only allowing men to join, which in 2000 led to an accusation of sexism. In demand internationally as a guest and speaker at meetings of Dickens Fellowships and other events connected with","title":"Cedric Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"17676970","text":"The Charles Dickens School The Charles Dickens School is a mixed high school and sixth form, located in Broadstairs in the English county of Kent. The school is named after Charles Dickens, the 19th century writer and social critic. It is a foundation school administered by Kent County Council, which coordinates admissions to the school. The Charles Dickens School has a non-selective intake, but does have specialisms in mathematics and computing. As part of this the school participates in the Faulkes Telescope Project. The Charles Dickens School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in","title":"The Charles Dickens School"},{"psg_id":"6239137","text":"Handbook\". The book was then updated and reprinted every year until the author's death, from 1880 to the final 1896 edition. His dictionaries had been picked up in 1882 by Macmillan & Co. who printed them until 1889, after which it was again published by Dickens and Evans through J. Smith. Charles Dickens Jr. Charles Culliford Boz Dickens (6 January 1837 – 20 July 1896) was the first child of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. A failed businessman, he became the editor of his father's magazine \"All the Year Round\", and a successful writer of dictionaries.","title":"Charles Dickens Jr."},{"psg_id":"72852","text":"Arts in 1844. Dickens published well over a dozen major novels and novellas, a large number of short stories, including a number of Christmas-themed stories, a handful of plays, and several non-fiction books. Dickens's novels were initially serialised in weekly and monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats. Footnotes Notes Bibliography Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72760","text":"Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are still widely read today. Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. Despite his lack of","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"17676971","text":"the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels, and further BTECs. Some sixth form courses are offered in conjunction with St George's CofE School. Following an Ofsted report of 2011 which found The Charles Dickens School generally overall Grade 2 'Good', in 2014 it was judged Grade 4 'inadequate' and placed in 'Special measures' with ongoing monitoring inspections. The Charles Dickens School The Charles Dickens School is a mixed high school and sixth form, located in Broadstairs in the English county of Kent. The school is named after Charles Dickens, the 19th century writer","title":"The Charles Dickens School"},{"psg_id":"6239136","text":"edition (eighteenth year). His dictionaries had been picked up in 1882 by Macmillan & Co. who printed them until 1889, after which it was again published by Dickens and Evans through J. Smith. \"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Oxford to the Nore: An Unconventional Handbook\" is the second book of Charles Dickens Jr. The \"1880\" edition was first published in London in 1879, by \"Charles Dickens and Evans\" (Dickens Jr. and his father-in-law, publisher Frederick Evans). The next 1880 edition and further were slightly retitled to \"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Its Source to the Nore: An Unconventional","title":"Charles Dickens Jr."},{"psg_id":"72774","text":"Dickens was released from prison. Under the Insolvent Debtors Act, Dickens arranged for payment of his creditors, and he and his family left Marshalsea, for the home of Mrs Roylance. Charles's mother, Elizabeth Dickens, did not immediately support his removal from the boot-blacking warehouse. This influenced Dickens's view that a father should rule the family, and a mother find her proper sphere inside the home: \"I never afterwards forgot, I never shall forget, I never can forget, that my mother was warm for my being sent back\". His mother's failure to request his return was a factor in his dissatisfied","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72769","text":"On Sundays—with his sister Frances, free from her studies at the Royal Academy of Music—he spent the day at the Marshalsea. Dickens later used the prison as a setting in \"Little Dorrit\". To pay for his board and to help his family, Dickens was forced to leave school and work ten-hour days at Warren's Blacking Warehouse, on Hungerford Stairs, near the present Charing Cross railway station, where he earned six shillings a week pasting labels on pots of boot blacking. The strenuous and often harsh working conditions made a lasting impression on Dickens and later influenced his fiction and essays,","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"9891434","text":"to Alfred and Charles Dickens, in 1837. The squalid conditions Charles Dickens described would have been influenced by these close family ties. Alfred Dickens died at the Mosley Arms Inn in Manchester on 27 July 1860, from pleurisy. His widow, Helen, and their five children were living in Manchester at the time of his death, and Charles went there at once and brought them back with him to London. Alfred was buried at Highgate Cemetery, near to his father John, and then Charles took the family with him to his country home at Gads Hill Place in Kent, finding a","title":"Alfred Lamert Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72850","text":"in Chatham in 2007. To celebrate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Dickens in 2012, the Museum of London held the UK's first major exhibition on the author in 40 years. In 2002, Dickens was number 41 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. American literary critic Harold Bloom placed Dickens among the . In the UK survey The Big Read, carried out by the BBC in 2003, five of Dickens's books were named in the Top 100. Dickens and his publications have appeared on a number of postage stamps including: UK (1970, 1993, 2011 and","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72849","text":"near his birthplace in Portsmouth on the 202nd anniversary of his birth; this was supported by the author's great-great grandsons, Ian and Gerald Dickens. Dickens was commemorated on the Series E £10 note issued by the Bank of England that circulated between 1992 and 2003. His portrait appeared on the reverse of the note accompanied by a scene from \"The Pickwick Papers\". The Charles Dickens School is a high school in Broadstairs, Kent. A theme park, Dickens World, standing in part on the site of the former naval dockyard where Dickens's father once worked in the Navy Pay Office, opened","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"9674678","text":"but also reading other writers' travel books that Dickens himself read before sailing. These include Frances Trollope's and de Tocqueville's books. She visits the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, where the original manuscript is kept, and marvels over all the changes and corrections in Dickens's hand that cover every page. She notices that the closing paragraph of the manuscript as published originally had another sentence at the end but it has been crossed out in such a way that she can't read it. Miriam then meets with Dickens scholars and experts at the Charles Dickens Museum on Doughty Street","title":"Dickens in America"},{"psg_id":"12639251","text":"cases where she ranted, though he didn't necessarily win more games overall. Comedian Richard Herring (a teammate of Perkins) scored a record 10 points in this round, and Germaine Greer (a teammate of Addison's) had to humorously guess her own 1970 international best-selling novel, The Female Eunuch. The coloured backgrounds denote the result of each of the shows: What the Dickens What the Dickens? is a television panel game hosted by Sandi Toksvig. Team captains were Dave Gorman and Tim Brooke-Taylor for the first series and Sue Perkins and Chris Addison for the second and third. It was recorded at","title":"What the Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12639247","text":"What the Dickens What the Dickens? is a television panel game hosted by Sandi Toksvig. Team captains were Dave Gorman and Tim Brooke-Taylor for the first series and Sue Perkins and Chris Addison for the second and third. It was recorded at Sky Studios in West London. Each team viewed up to three picture clues to help them identify a book, film, play, or musical from the world of fine arts and entertainment, scoring three points if they guessed the correct answer after just one picture clue, two after two, and one after all three were revealed. If they failed","title":"What the Dickens"},{"psg_id":"6239135","text":"London. His publications include: He also wrote the introductions to many posthumous reprints of his father's books, such as \"Barnaby Rudge\", \"Oliver Twist\", \"Bleak House\", and \"Little Dorrit\", providing biographical and bibliographical insights. His \"Reminiscences of My Father\" was published posthumously in 1934. \"Dickens's Dictionary of London: An Unconventional Handbook\" is the main book of Charles Dickens Jr. It was first published in London in 1879, by \"Charles Dickens and Evans\" (Dickens Jr. and his father-in-law, publisher Frederick Evans). The book was then updated and reprinted every year until the author's death, from 1880 (second year) to the final 1896–1897","title":"Charles Dickens Jr."},{"psg_id":"10399267","text":"and by 1997 Volume 9 had been published. Charles Dickens bibliography The bibliography of Charles Dickens (1812–70) includes more than a dozen major novels, a large number of short stories (including Christmas-themed stories and ghost stories), several plays, several non-fiction books, and individual essays and articles. Dickens's novels were serialized initially in weekly or monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats. A chronological list of Dickens' major works Editing and publication of Dickens's letters started in 1949 when publisher Rupert Hart-Davis persuaded Humphry House of Wadham College, Oxford, to edit a complete edition of the letters. House died suddenly","title":"Charles Dickens bibliography"},{"psg_id":"10399266","text":"Charles Dickens bibliography The bibliography of Charles Dickens (1812–70) includes more than a dozen major novels, a large number of short stories (including Christmas-themed stories and ghost stories), several plays, several non-fiction books, and individual essays and articles. Dickens's novels were serialized initially in weekly or monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats. A chronological list of Dickens' major works Editing and publication of Dickens's letters started in 1949 when publisher Rupert Hart-Davis persuaded Humphry House of Wadham College, Oxford, to edit a complete edition of the letters. House died suddenly aged 46 in 1955. However, the work continued,","title":"Charles Dickens bibliography"},{"psg_id":"20422093","text":"in private hands, most are now in libraries and public institutions. The largest collection is held by the Charles Dickens Museum in London, the second largest by the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the third largest by the Morgan Library & Museum in New York; other extensive collections are held by the British Library, the New York Public Library, the Huntington Library, and the Free Library of Philadelphia. In contrast, few letters to Dickens are known. Dickens often expressed his opposition to the publication of private letters, and was determined to suffer from it himself as little as possible. He","title":"Letters of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72803","text":"of inculcating his faith to his children and family. Dickens disapproved of Roman Catholicism and 19th-century evangelicalism, and was critical of what he saw as the hypocrisy of religious institutions and philosophies like spiritualism, all of which he considered deviations from the true spirit of Christianity. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky referred to Dickens as \"that great Christian writer\". In December 1845, Dickens took up the editorship of the London-based \"Daily News\", a liberal paper through which Dickens hoped to advocate, in his own words, \"the Principles of Progress and Improvement, of Education and Civil and Religious Liberty and Equal","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"20422103","text":"more intimate than any biography\", and the critic Nicholas Lezard recommended it in the \"Guardian\" with the words, \"The whole book bursts with the author’s energy, and you will love him and know him better after reading even a few of these letters.\" Also in 2012, a 4-hour audiobook was issued by Naxos under the title \"Charles Dickens: A Portrait in Letters\", the readers being David Timson and Simon Callow. One reviewer wrote that they \"create myriad personalities with varying accents, tones, class distinctions, and personal idiosyncrasies that are nearly flawless\". Letters of Charles Dickens The letters of Charles Dickens,","title":"Letters of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72840","text":"as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. Among fellow writers, Dickens has been both lionised and mocked. Leo Tolstoy, G. K. Chesterton, and George Orwell praised his realism, comic voice, prose fluency, and satiric caricature, as well as his passionate advocacy on behalf of children and the poor. French writer Jules Verne called Dickens his favourite writer, writing his novels \"stand alone, dwarfing all others by their amazing power and felicity of expression.\" Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh was inspired by Dickens's novels in several of his paintings like \"Vincent's Chair\" and in an 1889 letter to his sister","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72763","text":"and inspiring a new class of readers. Dickens was regarded as the literary colossus of his age. His 1843 novella, \"A Christmas Carol\", remains popular and continues to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. \"Oliver Twist\" and \"Great Expectations\" are also frequently adapted, and, like many of his novels, evoke images of early Victorian London. His 1859 novel, \"A Tale of Two Cities\", set in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. Dickens has been praised by fellow writers—from Leo Tolstoy to George Orwell, G. K. Chesterton and Tom Wolfe—for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations,","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12458039","text":"the Caribbean by banana boat, Dickens joined the British Tabulating Machine Company in 1937. Dickens joined the RNVR on the outbreak of World War II in 1939, leaving the Royal Navy in 1946 as a First Lieutenant. While serving in Portsmouth he met his wife Elizabeth Mary Blake (1913–2008), who was serving as a WREN, and whom he married in 1948. After leaving the Royal Navy, Dickens returned to his old firm, which eventually became ICL, and where he became Director of Communication. He was a lifelong supporter of the Charles Dickens Museum in Holborn. He was twice President of","title":"Cedric Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"13057651","text":"Walter Landor Dickens Walter Savage Landor Dickens (8 February 1841 – 31 December 1863) was the fourth child and second son of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. He became an officer cadet in the East India Company's Presidency armies just before the Indian Mutiny. The mutiny resulted in the British Crown extending direct rule to India, and Dickens continued to serve in what was now becoming the British Indian Army until his death. Named after his godfather Walter Savage Landor, Walter Dickens was christened at St Marylebone parish church on 4 December 1841, after which Charles Dickens","title":"Walter Landor Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12800492","text":"biographer and writer Lucinda Hawksley, and actor Harry Lloyd. Dickens attended Huntleys Secondary School for Boys in Royal Tunbridge Wells and West Kent College. Inspired to be an actor by a performance of \"Nicholas Nickleby\" by the Royal Shakespeare Company, Gerald Dickens first performed his solo version of \"A Christmas Carol\" in America in 1993, returning annually to perform at historic hotels, libraries, theatres and Dickens festivals. In 2009, Dickens' American tour included such Christmas companies as Vaillancourt Folk Art and Byers Choice and has yielded national and local press. Based on the readings performed by Charles Dickens himself during","title":"Gerald Charles Dickens (actor)"},{"psg_id":"9674679","text":"in London for advice on what to do and see. The experts include the late Cedric Charles Dickens, great grandson of the Inimitable; Professor Michael Slater, one of the world's most renowned Dickens scholars and author of a recently released biography of Dickens; Dr. Paul Schlicke, then President of the Dickens Fellowship; Professor Lisa Jardine from the University of London and Jan Mark, writer and critic. The conversation ranges from advice on some of the lesser known places to go, to a discussion of what Dickens expected to do and accomplish. The Dickensians show Miriam the original Daniel Maclise drawing","title":"Dickens in America"},{"psg_id":"6239133","text":"months rest due to overwork. As the centenary of their grandfather's birth approached, the reduced circumstances of Charles Jr.'s daughters led to a public fundraising appeal. On 7 January 1912 a gala performance, where 'leading actors and actresses appeared as Dickens' characters' at the London Coliseum raised £2500, while a separate appeal by \"The Daily Telegraph\" added an additional £3882. By the close of the fund in March 1912 it held £12,000, which was to provide £150 per year to each of the daughters. Author Lucinda Hawksley, a descendant of the elder Charles Dickens, has written that 'the girls' begging","title":"Charles Dickens Jr."},{"psg_id":"13113999","text":"the Middle District of Tennessee and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, both vacated by David M. Key. Clark was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 21, 1895, and received his commission the same day. He served on the court until his death, in Chattanooga. Charles Dickens Clark Charles Dickens Clark (October 7, 1847 – March 15, 1908) was a United States federal judge. Born in Laurel Cove, Tennessee, Clark received a B.A. from Burritt College in 1871 and an LL.B. from Cumberland University in 1873. He was on the staff of Confederate","title":"Charles Dickens Clark"},{"psg_id":"13113998","text":"Charles Dickens Clark Charles Dickens Clark (October 7, 1847 – March 15, 1908) was a United States federal judge. Born in Laurel Cove, Tennessee, Clark received a B.A. from Burritt College in 1871 and an LL.B. from Cumberland University in 1873. He was on the staff of Confederate States General George G. Dibrell in Richmond, Virginia from 1864 to 1865. He was in private practice in Manchester, Tennessee from 1876 to 1883, and in Chattanooga, Tennessee from 1883 to 1895. On December 17, 1894, Clark was nominated by President Grover Cleveland to seats on the United States District Court for","title":"Charles Dickens Clark"},{"psg_id":"72808","text":"Words\" earlier on 3 April 1852 was considered by the hospital's founders to have been the catalyst for the hospital's success. Dickens, whose philanthropy was well-known, was asked by his friend, the hospital's founder Charles West, to preside over the appeal, and he threw himself into the task, heart and soul. Dickens's public readings secured sufficient funds for an endowment to put the hospital on a sound financial footing—one reading on 9 February 1858 alone raised £3,000. After separating from Catherine, Dickens undertook a series of hugely popular and remunerative reading tours which, together with his journalism, were to absorb","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72777","text":"single day. His favourite actor was Charles Mathews, and Dickens learnt his \"monopolylogues\", (farces in which Mathews played every character), by heart. Then, having learned Gurney's system of shorthand in his spare time, he left to become a freelance reporter. A distant relative, Thomas Charlton, was a freelance reporter at Doctors' Commons, and Dickens was able to share his box there to report the legal proceedings for nearly four years. This education was to inform works such as \"Nicholas Nickleby\", \"Dombey and Son\", and especially \"Bleak House\"—whose vivid portrayal of the machinations and bureaucracy of the legal system did much","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72767","text":"school, and then at a school run by William Giles, a dissenter, in Chatham. This period came to an end in June 1822, when John Dickens was recalled to Navy Pay Office headquarters at Somerset House, and the family (except for Charles, who stayed behind to finish his final term of work) moved to Camden Town in London. The family had left Kent amidst rapidly mounting debts, and, living beyond his means, John Dickens was forced by his creditors into the Marshalsea debtors' prison in Southwark, London in 1824. His wife and youngest children joined him there, as was the","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12800494","text":"the Music Box Theatre in Minneapolis he played Charles Dickens in Jeffrey Hatcher's one-hander \"To Begin With\", which was adapted from Dickens' \"The Life of Our Lord\". He played the role again in a 2017 revival. In 2004, Dickens won the British TV show \"The Weakest Link\" during its 8th season in an episode where the contestants all had famous ancestors. Gerald Dickens lived in Goudhurst, Kent with his former wife Lucy Marsh, with whom he had a son, Cameron. He married his long-term partner Liz Hayes, a pianist who sometimes accompanies his performances, on 10 August 2015. They live","title":"Gerald Charles Dickens (actor)"},{"psg_id":"12730918","text":"death is fictionalised as the death of Little Nell. Catherine's younger sister, Georgina Hogarth, joined the Dickens fam household in 1842 when Dickens and Catherine sailed to America, caring for the young family they had left behind. In 1845 Charles Dickens produced the amateur theatrical \"Every Man in his Humour\" for the benefit of Leigh Hunt. In a subsequent performance, Catherine Dickens, who had a minor role, fell through a trap door injuring her ankle. In 1851, as 'Lady Maria Clutterbuck', Catherine Dickens published a cookery book, \"What Shall we Have for Dinner? Satisfactorily Answered by Numerous Bills of Fare","title":"Catherine Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72834","text":"I wonder if there ever was a captain yet that lost a ship with his log-book up to date? He generally has about a month to fill up on a clean break, like Charles Dickens and his serial novels.\" Dickens's novels were, among other things, works of social commentary. He was a fierce critic of the poverty and social stratification of Victorian society. In a New York address, he expressed his belief that \"Virtue shows quite as well in rags and patches as she does in purple and fine linen\". Dickens's second novel, \"Oliver Twist\" (1839), shocked readers with its","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72818","text":"1860s to 'do the slums' and, in company, Dickens visited opium dens in Shadwell, where he witnessed an elderly addict known as \"Laskar Sal\", who formed the model for the \"Opium Sal\" subsequently featured in his mystery novel, \"Edwin Drood\". After Dickens had regained sufficient strength, he arranged, with medical approval, for a final series of readings to partially make up to his sponsors what they had lost due to his illness. There were to be 12 performances, running between 11 January and 15 March 1870, the last at 8:00 pm at St. James's Hall in London. Although in grave","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72778","text":"to enlighten the general public and served as a vehicle for dissemination of Dickens's own views regarding, particularly, the heavy burden on the poor who were forced by circumstances to \"go to law\". In 1830, Dickens met his first love, Maria Beadnell, thought to have been the model for the character Dora in \"David Copperfield\". Maria's parents disapproved of the courtship and ended the relationship by sending her to school in Paris. In 1832, at age 20, Dickens was energetic and increasingly self-confident. He enjoyed mimicry and popular entertainment, lacked a clear, specific sense of what he wanted to become,","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"20422100","text":"noted that there were some errors and omissions of transcription he endorsed it as being in general extremely accurate, and thought the project as a whole \"of incomparable value\". New Dickens letters are discovered at the rate of about 20 per year, and they were for some years edited and published in Supplements to the Pilgrim Edition in \"The Dickensian\", the journal of the Dickens Fellowship. They have also been made accessible online by the Charles Dickens Letters Project, and it is intended eventually to publish a supplementary volume to the Pilgrim Edition. The costliness of both the Nonesuch and","title":"Letters of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"20422094","text":"burned those letters that had been sent to him in a mass bonfire in 1860, commenting, \"Would to God that every letter I had ever written was on that pile\". He burned more in 1869, the year before he died. As a result, hardly more than 250 letters to Dickens have survived to the present day. The reading public's first chance to study large numbers of Dickens letters came shortly after his death with the publication of \"The Life of Charles Dickens\" (1872–74) by his lifelong friend John Forster. Many of Dickens's letters to Forster were included, but they were","title":"Letters of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"4866084","text":"a registered charity. Perhaps the best-known exhibit is the portrait of Dickens known as \"Dickens's Dream\" by R. W. Buss, an original illustrator of \"The Pickwick Papers\". This unfinished portrait shows Dickens in his study at Gads Hill Place surrounded by many of the characters he had created. The painting was begun in 1870 after Dickens's death. Other notable artefacts in the museum include numerous first editions and original manuscripts as well as original letters by Dickens, and many personal items owned by Dickens and his family. The only known item of clothing worn by Dickens still in existence is","title":"Charles Dickens Museum"},{"psg_id":"6239131","text":"published (jointly with his father-in-law) the first editions of his two main dictionaries, \"Dickens's Dictionary of London\" and \"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames\". In 1882 his dictionaries were picked up by Macmillan & Co. who also released his third dictionary, \"Dickens's Dictionary of Paris\", delayed by verifications explained in its introduction. Charles Dickens died of heart disease, at his home in Fulham, London, on 20 July 1896, aged 59. He was buried at Mortlake Cemetery on 23 July 1896. Dickens' estate was worth £17 5s. 3d at his death, and his widow was granted a government pension of £100 per","title":"Charles Dickens Jr."},{"psg_id":"7245086","text":"three months, on 28 May 1824. In 1834, Fred went to live with his brother Charles when he moved into three-room chambers in Furnival's Inn. Fred went to live with Charles and his wife, Catherine Dickens, and their young family in their Doughty Street home and resided with them for a number of years. When Charles and Catherine Dickens visited the United States in 1842, Fred Dickens remained in London and looked after his young nephews and nieces. Charles Dickens also helped Fred to find employment, firstly with a publisher and later in 1839 with the Treasury. When Charles Dickens","title":"Frederick Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12861460","text":"Dickens Fellowship The Dickens Fellowship was founded in 1902, and is an international association of people from all walks of life who share an interest in the life and works of Victorian era novelist Charles Dickens. The Dickens Fellowship's head office is based at the Charles Dickens Museum in Doughty Street in London, England, the home of Charles Dickens from 1837 to 1839. In 1923 Dickens's former home at 48 Doughy Street was threatened with demolition, but it was saved by three members of the Dickens Fellowship, who raised a mortgage and bought the freehold in 1925. The membership of","title":"Dickens Fellowship"},{"psg_id":"72779","text":"and yet knew he wanted fame. Drawn to the theatre—he became an early member of the Garrick—he landed an acting audition at Covent Garden, where the manager George Bartley and the actor Charles Kemble were to see him. Dickens prepared meticulously and decided to imitate the comedian Charles Mathews, but ultimately he missed the audition because of a cold. Before another opportunity arose, he had set out on his career as a writer. In 1833, he submitted his first story, \"A Dinner at Poplar Walk\", to the London periodical \"Monthly Magazine\". William Barrow, a brother of his mother, offered him","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72765","text":"Navy Pay Office and was temporarily stationed in the district. He asked Christopher Huffam, rigger to His Majesty's Navy, gentleman, and head of an established firm, to act as godfather to Charles. Huffam is thought to be the inspiration for Paul Dombey, the owner of a shipping company in Dickens's novel \"Dombey and Son\" (1848). In January 1815, John Dickens was called back to London, and the family moved to Norfolk Street, Fitzrovia. When Charles was four, they relocated to Sheerness, and thence to Chatham, Kent, where he spent his formative years until the age of 11. His early life","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"13516921","text":"competent enough, but he was addicted to intemperance to a degree that practically blighted his usefulness. What he might have become, if of correct habits, no one dared to predict. As it was, he wasted his slender income on liquor\". The paper claimed that several letters were written begging Dickens to come to Chicago to see his brother's plight, but that, to avoid having to meet his brother and his family, Charles Dickens avoided Chicago when he visited the United States on his reading tours. In reality, though, Augustus was already dead by the time Dickens' American tour was even","title":"Augustus Dickens"},{"psg_id":"7245091","text":"is not deliberately and coldly wrong...\". Unable to attend the funeral himself, Charles sent his oldest son, Charles Dickens, Jr., to represent the family. He also contributed to the cost of the funeral. Frederick Dickens is buried in Darlington, within the grounds of the town's West Cemetery. Frederick Dickens Frederick William Dickens (4 July 1820 – 20 October 1868) was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens and was Charles Dickens's younger brother, who lived with Charles when he moved on to Furnival's Inn in 1834. He was the inspiration for two different Freds in his brother's books: the jovial","title":"Frederick Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72797","text":"in theme and more carefully planned than his early works. At about this time, he was made aware of a large embezzlement at the firm where his brother, Augustus, worked (John Chapman & Co.). It had been carried out by Thomas Powell, a clerk, who was on friendly terms with Dickens and who had acted as mentor to Augustus when he started work. Powell was also an author and poet and knew many of the famous writers of the day. After further fraudulent activities, Powell fled to New York and published a book called \"The Living Authors of England\" with","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"13138378","text":"Mary Angela Dickens Mary Angela Dickens (31 October 1862 – 7 February 1948) was an English novelist and journalist of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, and the oldest grandchild of the novelist Charles Dickens. She died on the 136th anniversary of her grandfather's birth. Born at 46 Gloucester Road in London, and named after her aunt, Mary Dickens, Mary Angela Dickens was the eldest of eight children of Charles Dickens, Jr. and his wife Elisabeth Matilda Moule Dickens (née Evans) and the granddaughter of Charles Dickens, the famous novelist. She was the niece of the noted barrister and judge,","title":"Mary Angela Dickens"},{"psg_id":"14672099","text":"WHO DIED SEPTEMBER 12TH 1863 AGED 73 YEARS\". Charles Dickens used his mother as the source for the vain, ineffectual and verbally comic Mrs. Nickleby in his novel \"Nicholas Nickleby\" and for Mrs Micawber in \"David Copperfield\". Elizabeth Dickens Elizabeth Culliford Dickens (née Barrow; 21 December 1789 – 13 September 1863) was the wife of John Dickens and the mother of English novelist Charles Dickens. She was the source for Mrs. Nickleby in her son's novel \"Nicholas Nickleby\" and for Mrs Micawber in \"David Copperfield\". One of eight children of Mary Culliford (1771–1851) and Charles Barrow (1759–1826), Elizabeth Barrow was","title":"Elizabeth Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12730921","text":"coming to Dickens' attention, Dickens was so infuriated that it almost put an end to the Dickens-Thackeray friendship. Georgina, Charles and all of the children except Charles Dickens, Jr., remained in their home at Tavistock House, while Catherine and Charles Jr. moved out. Georgina Hogarth ran Dickens' household. On 12 June 1858 he published an article in his journal, \"Household Words\", denying rumours about the separation while neither articulating them nor clarifying the situation. He sent this statement to the newspapers, including \"The Times\", and many reprinted it. He fell out with Bradbury and Evans, his publishers, because they refused","title":"Catherine Dickens"},{"psg_id":"13155711","text":"I should even have to say to you, \"Our little baby is dead,\" you are to do your duty to the rest, and to shew yourself worthy of the great trust you hold in them. <br> <br> If you will read this steadily I have a perfect confidence in your doing what is right. <br> <br> Ever affectionately, Charles Dickens\" Catherine then \"fell into a state of 'morbid' grief and suffering\", recovering her composure after twelve hours or so. Dickens himself managed to retain his composure for some time, but Mary Dickens remembered that eventually he could no longer control","title":"Dora Annie Dickens"},{"psg_id":"8178208","text":"Dickens, Vancouver Dickens is a small neighbourhood in East Vancouver, Canada. Its area is from East 12th Avenue (northern boundary) to King Edward Avenue (southern boundary) and from Fraser Street (western boundary) to Knight Street (eastern boundary). Kingsway runs diagonally through the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood lies within the city-defined community of Kensington-Cedar Cottage. The area is named after the schools in the area, both named Dickens (Charles Dickens Elementary School and its Annex), which have been rated among the top forty schools in Canada. Parks in the Dickens area include Glen Park (adjacent to Charles Dickens Annex) and Sunnyside Park","title":"Dickens, Vancouver"},{"psg_id":"6330012","text":"father's financial problems, Charles Dickens rented a cottage for his parents far from London, and, as he thought, far from temptation, at Alphington in Devon. However, John Dickens merely continued to write to Charles's friends and publishers asking for money. Eventually, he and his wife returned to London. On 31 March 1851 John Dickens died of a urethral infection. According to a letter that Charles Dickens sent to his wife, John Dickens had been suffering from a bladder disease but had kept the condition secret until little could be done. After an operation, John Dickens lingered for several days before","title":"John Dickens"},{"psg_id":"14672089","text":"Elizabeth Dickens Elizabeth Culliford Dickens (née Barrow; 21 December 1789 – 13 September 1863) was the wife of John Dickens and the mother of English novelist Charles Dickens. She was the source for Mrs. Nickleby in her son's novel \"Nicholas Nickleby\" and for Mrs Micawber in \"David Copperfield\". One of eight children of Mary Culliford (1771–1851) and Charles Barrow (1759–1826), Elizabeth Barrow was introduced to John Dickens by her brother, Thomas Culliford Barrow, when the two men were working at the Navy Pay Office in nearby Somerset House. When John Dickens first met Elizabeth she was \"a small pretty girl","title":"Elizabeth Dickens"},{"psg_id":"13516922","text":"announced. Augustus Dickens died from tuberculosis in America aged 39 and was buried in Graceland Cemetery in Chicago. His older brother Charles Dickens supported both of Augustus's wives financially. His mistress, Bertha Phillips, was said to have committed suicide on 24 December 1868 by taking an overdose of morphine, although she was taking morphine for a medical condition and probably took an overdose by mistake. Augustus Dickens Augustus Newnham Dickens (10 November 1827 – 4 October 1866) was the youngest brother of English novelist Charles Dickens, and the inspiration for Charles's pen name 'Boz'. Augustus Dickens was the son of","title":"Augustus Dickens"},{"psg_id":"20422101","text":"Pilgrim volumes, and the fragmentary or routine business nature of many of the letters included, has encouraged the publication of selections of Dickens's letters, intended for the general reader rather than the scholar. In 1985 David Paroissien edited \"The Selected Letters of Charles Dickens\", taking his texts from the Nonesuch Edition, substantive textual variants from the first five volumes of the Pilgrim Edition (the only ones then published) being listed in the notes. The scholar John Espey wrote that this selection constitutes \"a full review of almost all that we know of Dickens' activities as editor, public figure, father, husband,","title":"Letters of Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12464841","text":"and \"The Cricket on the Hearth\". Through his efforts he raised £1,200 for the Society. He was a Life President of the Dickens Fellowship. Henry 'Harry' Dickens married Marie Roche (1852–1940), the daughter of Monsieur Antonin Roche, on 25 October 1876 in Portman Square in London; they had four sons and three daughters together. Within the Dickens family the couple were known as 'The Guvnor' and 'The Mater'. Their son Philip Charles Dickens is buried beside them in Putney Vale Cemetery in London, while a second son, Henry Charles Dickens, was the father of the author Monica Dickens. Henry Charles","title":"Henry Fielding Dickens"},{"psg_id":"7245084","text":"Frederick Dickens Frederick William Dickens (4 July 1820 – 20 October 1868) was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens and was Charles Dickens's younger brother, who lived with Charles when he moved on to Furnival's Inn in 1834. He was the inspiration for two different Freds in his brother's books: the jovial nephew of Ebenezer Scrooge in \"A Christmas Carol\" and the dissolute brother of Little Nell in \"The Old Curiosity Shop\". While Fred was a child and a youth, Charles Dickens often described him as his favourite brother, showing great concern for his welfare. As a boy, Fred","title":"Frederick Dickens"},{"psg_id":"14672095","text":"the law firm of Ellis and Blackmore. When Blackmore thought the 15-year-old Charles Dickens \"exceedingly good looking and clever\" she persuaded him to take her son on as a law clerk. By the early 1850s Elizabeth Dickens had grown into a stout matriarch 'with some affectations of youthfulness, particularly [in] the \"juvenility of her dress\" and her semicomic confusions of speech'. Her son described her wardrobe as 'the attempt \"of middle-aged mutton to dress itself lamb fashion\"'. When Charles Dickens gained fame as a writer John Dickens frequently embarrassed his son by seeking loans from Charles' friends and publishers behind","title":"Elizabeth Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72792","text":"abolitionist sentiments gleaned from his trip to America, some modern commentators have pointed out inconsistencies in Dickens's views on racial inequality, for instance, he has been criticized for his subsequent acquiescence in Governor Eyre's harsh crackdown during the 1860s Morant Bay rebellion in Jamaica and his failure to join other British progressives in condemning it. From Richmond, Virginia, Dickens returned to Washington, D.C., and started a trek westward to St. Louis, Missouri. While there, he expressed a desire to see an American prairie before returning east. A group of 13 men then set out with Dickens to visit Looking Glass","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"527593","text":"working-class conditions earned him the esteem of many Socialists and Marxists. Engels declared that Balzac was his favorite writer. Marx's work \"Das Kapital\" also makes constant reference to the works of Balzac and urged Engels to read Balzac's work \"The Unknown Masterpiece\". Balzac influenced writers of his time and beyond. He has been compared to Charles Dickens and is considered one of Dickens' significant influences. Literary critic W. H. Helm calls one \"the French Dickens\" and the other \"the English Balzac\", while another critic, Richard Lehan, states that \"Balzac was the bridge between the comic realism of Dickens and the","title":"Honoré de Balzac"},{"psg_id":"14697149","text":"starts me', but outside of the city, 'the toil and labour of writing, day after day, without that magic lantern is IMMENSE!!' However, of the identifiable London locations that Dickens used in his work, scholar Clare Pettitt notes that many no longer exist, and, while 'you can track Dickens' London, and see where things were, but they aren't necessarily still there'. In addition to his later novels and short stories, Dickens' descriptions of London, published in various newspapers in the 1830s, were released as a collected edition Sketches by Boz in 1836. Charles Dickens' first son, also called Charles Dickens,","title":"Dickens' London"},{"psg_id":"13516914","text":"Augustus Dickens Augustus Newnham Dickens (10 November 1827 – 4 October 1866) was the youngest brother of English novelist Charles Dickens, and the inspiration for Charles's pen name 'Boz'. Augustus Dickens was the son of Elizabeth (\"née\" Barrow) and John Dickens, a clerk in the Navy Pay Office at Portsmouth. Charles Dickens's pen name, 'Boz', was actually taken from his youngest brother's family nickname 'Moses', given to him in honour of one of the brothers in \"The Vicar of Wakefield\" (one of the most widely read novels in the early 19th century), which when playfully pronounced through the nose became","title":"Augustus Dickens"},{"psg_id":"13079774","text":"some casual service as housekeeper or Companion and if Kitty or I can help or recommend her we shall be only too glad to do so – she has had a sad life – and will be much better without her detestable husband.\" Mary Dickens died in 1896 at Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire and is buried beside her sister Kate Perugini in Sevenoaks. She was buried on the same day as her eldest brother Charles Dickens, Jr.. Mary Dickens Mary \"Mamie\" Dickens (6 March 1838 – 23 July 1896) was the eldest daughter of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his","title":"Mary Dickens"},{"psg_id":"12730923","text":"daughter Kate, telling her to \"Give these to the British Museum – that the world may know [Charles] loved me once\" Catherine Dickens was buried in Highgate Cemetery in London with her infant daughter Dora, who had died in 1851 aged nearly 8 months. Catherine Dickens was the subject of the sixty-minute BBC Two documentary \"Mrs Dickens' Family Christmas\", broadcast on 30 December 2011 and performed and presented by Sue Perkins, and which looked at the marriage of Charles Dickens through the eyes of Catherine. In the 1976 series \"Dickens of London\" she was portrayed by Adrienne Burgess. In the","title":"Catherine Dickens"},{"psg_id":"9674752","text":"of her life. Dickens in America Dickens in America is a 2005 television documentary following Charles Dickens' travels across the United States in 1842, during which the young journalist penned a travel book, \"American Notes\". In \"Dickens In America\", distinguished British actress Miriam Margolyes, a lifelong fan of Dickens, follows Dickens' 1842 American footsteps while encountering 21st-century US and some of its residents. Interspersing history, travelogue and interviews, \"Dickens In America\" offers insight into Charles Dickens' love/hate relationship with North America and paints a personal and revealing portrait of modern-day US. This 10-part road trip is suffused with optimism, a","title":"Dickens in America"},{"psg_id":"9674675","text":"Dickens in America Dickens in America is a 2005 television documentary following Charles Dickens' travels across the United States in 1842, during which the young journalist penned a travel book, \"American Notes\". In \"Dickens In America\", distinguished British actress Miriam Margolyes, a lifelong fan of Dickens, follows Dickens' 1842 American footsteps while encountering 21st-century US and some of its residents. Interspersing history, travelogue and interviews, \"Dickens In America\" offers insight into Charles Dickens' love/hate relationship with North America and paints a personal and revealing portrait of modern-day US. This 10-part road trip is suffused with optimism, a social conscience and","title":"Dickens in America"},{"psg_id":"72813","text":"Dickens was involved in the Staplehurst rail crash. The train's first seven carriages plunged off a cast iron bridge that was under repair. The only first-class carriage to remain on the track was the one in which Dickens was travelling. Before rescuers arrived, Dickens tended and comforted the wounded and the dying with a flask of brandy and a hat refreshed with water, and saved some lives. Before leaving, he remembered the unfinished manuscript for \"Our Mutual Friend\", and he returned to his carriage to retrieve it. Dickens later used this experience as material for his short ghost story, \"The","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72806","text":"allowed him to buy Gad's Hill Place in Higham, Kent. As a child, Dickens had walked past the house and dreamed of living in it. The area was also the scene of some of the events of Shakespeare's \"Henry IV, Part 1\", and this literary connection pleased him. In 1857, Dickens hired professional actresses for the play \"The Frozen Deep\", written by him and his protégé, Wilkie Collins. Dickens fell in love with one of the actresses, Ellen Ternan, and this passion was to last the rest of his life. Dickens was 45 and Ternan 18 when he made the","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72799","text":"and Clark was arrested. Dickens, realising that he had acted in haste, contacted John Chapman & Co. to seek written confirmation of Powell's guilt. Dickens did receive a reply confirming Powell's embezzlement, but once the directors realised this information might have to be produced in court, they refused to make further disclosures. Owing to the difficulties of providing evidence in America to support his accusations, Dickens eventually made a private settlement with Powell out of court. Angela Burdett Coutts, heir to the Coutts banking fortune, approached Dickens in May 1846 about setting up a home for the redemption of fallen","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72790","text":"\"Tatler\" and \"The Spectator\". Dickens was perturbed by the return to power of the Tories, whom Dickens described as \"people whom, politically, I despise and abhor.\" He had been tempted to stand for the Liberals in Reading, but decided against it due to financial straits. He wrote three anti-Tory verse satires (\"The Fine Old English Gentleman\", \"The Quack Doctor's Proclamation\", and \"Subjects for Painters\") which were published in \"The Examiner\". In 1842, Dickens and his wife made their first trip to the United States and Canada. At this time Georgina Hogarth, another sister of Catherine, joined the Dickens household, now","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72781","text":"Augustus Dickens, after a character in Oliver Goldsmith's \"The Vicar of Wakefield\". When pronounced by anyone with a head cold, \"Moses\" became \"Boses\"—later shortened to \"Boz\". Dickens's own name was considered \"queer\" by a contemporary critic, who wrote in 1849: \"Mr Dickens, as if in revenge for his own queer name, does bestow still queerer ones upon his fictitious creations.\" He contributed to and edited journals throughout his literary career. In January 1835, the \"Morning Chronicle\" launched an evening edition, under the editorship of the \"Chronicle\"s music critic, George Hogarth. Hogarth invited Dickens to contribute \"Street Sketches\" and Dickens became","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72785","text":"first Victorian novel with a child protagonist. On 2 April 1836, after a one-year engagement, and between episodes two and three of \"The Pickwick Papers\", Dickens married Catherine Thomson Hogarth (1816–1879), the daughter of George Hogarth, editor of the \"Evening Chronicle\". They were married in St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, London. After a brief honeymoon in Chalk in Kent, the couple returned to lodgings at Furnival's Inn. The first of their ten children, Charley, was born in January 1837, and a few months later the family set up home in Bloomsbury at 48 Doughty Street, London, (on which Charles had a","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"72768","text":"practice at the time. Charles, then 12 years old, boarded with Elizabeth Roylance, a family friend, at 112 College Place, Camden Town. Roylance was \"a reduced [impoverished] old lady, long known to our family\", whom Dickens later immortalised, \"with a few alterations and embellishments\", as \"Mrs. Pipchin\" in \"Dombey and Son\". Later, he lived in a back-attic in the house of an agent for the Insolvent Court, Archibald Russell, \"a fat, good-natured, kind old gentleman... with a quiet old wife\" and lame son, in Lant Street in Southwark. They provided the inspiration for the Garlands in \"The Old Curiosity Shop\".","title":"Charles Dickens"},{"psg_id":"14672096","text":"his back, and by selling pages from his son's early manuscripts. Concerned about his father's financial problems, in 1839 Charles Dickens rented a cottage for his parents far from London, and, as he thought, far from temptation, at Alphington in Devon. However, John Dickens merely continued to write to Charles' friends and publishers asking for money. Charles received an \"unsatisfactory epistle from Mother\" and both parents wrote him \"hateful, sneering letters\", feeling that he had exiled them. \"I do swear,\" Charles complained, \"I am sick at heart with both her and father too.\" In 1842 John and Elizabeth Dickens returned","title":"Elizabeth Dickens"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72847\",\n \"text\": \"that the Victorian public confronted issues of social justice that had commonly been ignored. It has been argued that his technique of flooding his narratives with an 'unruly superfluity of material' that, in the gradual dénouement, yields up an unsuspected order, influenced the organisation of Charles Darwin's \\\"On the Origin of Species\\\". Museums and festivals celebrating Dickens's life and works exist in many places with which Dickens was associated. These include the Charles Dickens Museum in London, the historic home where he wrote \\\"Oliver Twist\\\", \\\"The Pickwick Papers\\\" and \\\"Nicholas Nickleby\\\"; and the Charles Dickens Birthplace Museum in Portsmouth, the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16363328\",\n \"text\": \"Racism in the work of Charles Dickens Although Charles Dickens is known as a writer who was strongly sympathetic to the disadvantaged in Britain, in common with many eminent writers of his time he expressed attitudes that can be interpreted as racist and xenophobic in his journalism and fiction. While it cannot be said that he opposed fundamental freedoms of minorities in British society or supported legal segregation or employment discrimination, he defended the privileges of colonial Europeans and was dismissive of what he believed were primitive cultures. The \\\"Oxford Dictionary of English Literature\\\" describes Dickens as nationalistic, often stigmatising\",\n \"title\": \"Racism in the work of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20422086\",\n \"text\": \"Letters of Charles Dickens The letters of Charles Dickens, of which more than 14,000 are known, range in date from about 1821, when Dickens was 9 years old, to 8 June 1870, the day before he died. They have been described as \\\"invariably idiosyncratic, exuberant, vivid, and amusing…widely recognized as a significant body of work in themselves, part of the Dickens canon\\\". They were written to family, friends, and the contributors to his literary periodicals, who included many of the leading writers of the day. Their letters to him were almost all burned by Dickens because of his horror at\",\n \"title\": \"Letters of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12458041\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Dickens, he also worked to preserve the heritage of the George and Vulture in the City of London, which was frequently mentioned in \\\"The Pickwick Papers\\\", where Charles Dickens himself often drank, and which was threatened with demolition; and Gads Hill Place in Kent, Dicken's final home, becoming a governor of Gad's Hill School, which occupies the building today. In 2005 he appeared in the first episode of BBC Four's documentary series \\\"Dickens in America\\\" with Miriam Margolyes, during which he talked about what it was like growing up as a member of the Dickens family. Dickens suffered a\",\n \"title\": \"Cedric Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16363365\",\n \"text\": \"lost his sense that there was nothing desirable about the life-style of foreign peoples, though Racism in the work of Charles Dickens Although Charles Dickens is known as a writer who was strongly sympathetic to the disadvantaged in Britain, in common with many eminent writers of his time he expressed attitudes that can be interpreted as racist and xenophobic in his journalism and fiction. While it cannot be said that he opposed fundamental freedoms of minorities in British society or supported legal segregation or employment discrimination, he defended the privileges of colonial Europeans and was dismissive of what he believed\",\n \"title\": \"Racism in the work of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72798\",\n \"text\": \"a chapter on Charles Dickens, who was not amused by what Powell had written. One item that seemed to have annoyed him was the assertion that he had based the character of Paul Dombey (\\\"Dombey and Son\\\") on Thomas Chapman, one of the principal partners at John Chapman & Co. Dickens immediately sent a letter to Lewis Gaylord Clark, editor of the New York literary magazine \\\"The Knickerbocker\\\", saying that Powell was a forger and thief. Clark published the letter in the \\\"New-York Tribune\\\", and several other papers picked up on the story. Powell began proceedings to sue these publications,\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12458042\",\n \"text\": \"severe stroke following emergency surgery, and died on 11 February 2006 aged 89. His autobiography, \\\"My Life\\\", was published in 2016 to mark the centenary of his birth. Assembled from Dickens' own writings by his daughter Jane Monk and Marion Dickens Lloyd, the book has an introduction by Miriam Margolyes and was launched at the Charles Dickens Museum in September 2016. Cedric Charles Dickens Cedric David Charles Dickens (24 September 1916 – 11 February 2006) was an English author and businessman, and the last surviving great-grandson of Charles Dickens and steward of his literary legacy. Cedric \\\"Ceddy\\\" Dickens was the\",\n \"title\": \"Cedric Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72764\",\n \"text\": \"and social criticism. On the other hand, Oscar Wilde, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of psychological depth, loose writing, and a vein of saccharine sentimentalism. The term \\\"Dickensian\\\" is used to describe something that is reminiscent of Dickens and his writings, such as poor social conditions or comically repulsive characters. Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on 7 February 1812, at 1 Mile End Terrace (now 393 Commercial Road), Landport in Portsea Island (Portsmouth), the second of eight children of Elizabeth Dickens (née Barrow; 1789–1863) and John Dickens (1785–1851). His father was a clerk in the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4866085\",\n \"text\": \"also displayed at the museum. This is his Court Suit and sword, worn when Dickens was presented to the Prince of Wales in 1870. Charles Dickens Museum The Charles Dickens Museum is an author's house museum at 48 Doughty Street in Holborn, London Borough of Camden. It occupies a typical Georgian terraced house which was Charles Dickens's home from 25 March 1837 (a year after his marriage) to December 1839. Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Dickens (née Hogarth) lived here with the eldest three of their ten children, with the older two of Dickens's daughters, Mary Dickens and Kate\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4866081\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Dickens Museum The Charles Dickens Museum is an author's house museum at 48 Doughty Street in Holborn, London Borough of Camden. It occupies a typical Georgian terraced house which was Charles Dickens's home from 25 March 1837 (a year after his marriage) to December 1839. Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Dickens (née Hogarth) lived here with the eldest three of their ten children, with the older two of Dickens's daughters, Mary Dickens and Kate Macready Dickens being born in the house. A new addition to the household was Dickens's younger brother Frederick. Also, Catherine's 17-year-old sister Mary moved\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12769625\",\n \"text\": \"to 1945, when he retired. In 1945 he was appointed Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States) and a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur (France). Sir Gerald Dickens died of a heart attack in London aged 83 in 1962 and was buried at sea from off Chatham. He was the father of Captain Peter Dickens RN, the grandfather of actor Gerald Charles Dickens and great-grandfather of actor Harry Lloyd. Gerald Charles Dickens Admiral Sir Gerald Louis Charles Dickens (13 October 1879 – 19 November 1962) was a senior Royal Navy officer and the grandson of Victorian novelist Charles Dickens.\",\n \"title\": \"Gerald Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6239128\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Dickens Jr. Charles Culliford Boz Dickens (6 January 1837 – 20 July 1896) was the first child of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. A failed businessman, he became the editor of his father's magazine \\\"All the Year Round\\\", and a successful writer of dictionaries. He is now most remembered for his two 1879 books \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of London\\\" and \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames\\\". Charles Dickens Jr. was born at Furnival's Inn in Holborn, London, the first child of Charles Dickens and his then-wife Catherine Hogarth. He was called 'Charley' by family and friends. In\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772244\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Gerald Charles Dickens Captain Peter Gerald Charles Dickens DSO, MBE, DSC, RN (6 April 1917 – 25 May 1987) was a Royal Navy officer during World War II and a great-grandson of novelist Charles Dickens. The son of Admiral Sir Gerald Charles Dickens and Kathlen Pearl Birch, Peter Dickens was born in Fulham in London in 1917. Dickens joined the Royal Navy as a Naval Cadet in September 1934, being promoted to Midshipman in May 1935 when he was serving aboard HMS Nelson in the Home Fleet. Dickens was Acting Sub-Lieutenant in September 1937 and Sub-Lieutenant in May 1938\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Gerald Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772248\",\n \"text\": \"the Dickens Fellowship, a worldwide association of people who share an interest in the life and works of Charles Dickens, and was President of the Coastal Forces Association. With his wife, Mary Alice Blagrove (the daughter of Rear-Admiral Henry Blagrove), he is the grandfather of the actor Harry Lloyd and uncle to the actor/performer Gerald Charles Dickens. Dickens died in 1987 at Tunbridge Wells in Kent. Peter Gerald Charles Dickens Captain Peter Gerald Charles Dickens DSO, MBE, DSC, RN (6 April 1917 – 25 May 1987) was a Royal Navy officer during World War II and a great-grandson of novelist\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Gerald Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12458040\",\n \"text\": \"the Dickens Fellowship, a worldwide association of people who share an interest in the life and works of Charles Dickens, first taking that position on the death of his father in 1968, and again on his retirement in 1976, when he also founded the Dickens Pickwick Club, a society with an international membership. This he kept true to the spirit of the original in \\\"The Pickwick Papers\\\" by only allowing men to join, which in 2000 led to an accusation of sexism. In demand internationally as a guest and speaker at meetings of Dickens Fellowships and other events connected with\",\n \"title\": \"Cedric Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17676970\",\n \"text\": \"The Charles Dickens School The Charles Dickens School is a mixed high school and sixth form, located in Broadstairs in the English county of Kent. The school is named after Charles Dickens, the 19th century writer and social critic. It is a foundation school administered by Kent County Council, which coordinates admissions to the school. The Charles Dickens School has a non-selective intake, but does have specialisms in mathematics and computing. As part of this the school participates in the Faulkes Telescope Project. The Charles Dickens School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in\",\n \"title\": \"The Charles Dickens School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6239137\",\n \"text\": \"Handbook\\\". The book was then updated and reprinted every year until the author's death, from 1880 to the final 1896 edition. His dictionaries had been picked up in 1882 by Macmillan & Co. who printed them until 1889, after which it was again published by Dickens and Evans through J. Smith. Charles Dickens Jr. Charles Culliford Boz Dickens (6 January 1837 – 20 July 1896) was the first child of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. A failed businessman, he became the editor of his father's magazine \\\"All the Year Round\\\", and a successful writer of dictionaries.\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72852\",\n \"text\": \"Arts in 1844. Dickens published well over a dozen major novels and novellas, a large number of short stories, including a number of Christmas-themed stories, a handful of plays, and several non-fiction books. Dickens's novels were initially serialised in weekly and monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats. Footnotes Notes Bibliography Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72760\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are still widely read today. Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. Despite his lack of\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17676971\",\n \"text\": \"the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels, and further BTECs. Some sixth form courses are offered in conjunction with St George's CofE School. Following an Ofsted report of 2011 which found The Charles Dickens School generally overall Grade 2 'Good', in 2014 it was judged Grade 4 'inadequate' and placed in 'Special measures' with ongoing monitoring inspections. The Charles Dickens School The Charles Dickens School is a mixed high school and sixth form, located in Broadstairs in the English county of Kent. The school is named after Charles Dickens, the 19th century writer\",\n \"title\": \"The Charles Dickens School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6239136\",\n \"text\": \"edition (eighteenth year). His dictionaries had been picked up in 1882 by Macmillan & Co. who printed them until 1889, after which it was again published by Dickens and Evans through J. Smith. \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Oxford to the Nore: An Unconventional Handbook\\\" is the second book of Charles Dickens Jr. The \\\"1880\\\" edition was first published in London in 1879, by \\\"Charles Dickens and Evans\\\" (Dickens Jr. and his father-in-law, publisher Frederick Evans). The next 1880 edition and further were slightly retitled to \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Its Source to the Nore: An Unconventional\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72774\",\n \"text\": \"Dickens was released from prison. Under the Insolvent Debtors Act, Dickens arranged for payment of his creditors, and he and his family left Marshalsea, for the home of Mrs Roylance. Charles's mother, Elizabeth Dickens, did not immediately support his removal from the boot-blacking warehouse. This influenced Dickens's view that a father should rule the family, and a mother find her proper sphere inside the home: \\\"I never afterwards forgot, I never shall forget, I never can forget, that my mother was warm for my being sent back\\\". His mother's failure to request his return was a factor in his dissatisfied\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72769\",\n \"text\": \"On Sundays—with his sister Frances, free from her studies at the Royal Academy of Music—he spent the day at the Marshalsea. Dickens later used the prison as a setting in \\\"Little Dorrit\\\". To pay for his board and to help his family, Dickens was forced to leave school and work ten-hour days at Warren's Blacking Warehouse, on Hungerford Stairs, near the present Charing Cross railway station, where he earned six shillings a week pasting labels on pots of boot blacking. The strenuous and often harsh working conditions made a lasting impression on Dickens and later influenced his fiction and essays,\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9891434\",\n \"text\": \"to Alfred and Charles Dickens, in 1837. The squalid conditions Charles Dickens described would have been influenced by these close family ties. Alfred Dickens died at the Mosley Arms Inn in Manchester on 27 July 1860, from pleurisy. His widow, Helen, and their five children were living in Manchester at the time of his death, and Charles went there at once and brought them back with him to London. Alfred was buried at Highgate Cemetery, near to his father John, and then Charles took the family with him to his country home at Gads Hill Place in Kent, finding a\",\n \"title\": \"Alfred Lamert Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72850\",\n \"text\": \"in Chatham in 2007. To celebrate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Dickens in 2012, the Museum of London held the UK's first major exhibition on the author in 40 years. In 2002, Dickens was number 41 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. American literary critic Harold Bloom placed Dickens among the . In the UK survey The Big Read, carried out by the BBC in 2003, five of Dickens's books were named in the Top 100. Dickens and his publications have appeared on a number of postage stamps including: UK (1970, 1993, 2011 and\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72849\",\n \"text\": \"near his birthplace in Portsmouth on the 202nd anniversary of his birth; this was supported by the author's great-great grandsons, Ian and Gerald Dickens. Dickens was commemorated on the Series E £10 note issued by the Bank of England that circulated between 1992 and 2003. His portrait appeared on the reverse of the note accompanied by a scene from \\\"The Pickwick Papers\\\". The Charles Dickens School is a high school in Broadstairs, Kent. A theme park, Dickens World, standing in part on the site of the former naval dockyard where Dickens's father once worked in the Navy Pay Office, opened\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9674678\",\n \"text\": \"but also reading other writers' travel books that Dickens himself read before sailing. These include Frances Trollope's and de Tocqueville's books. She visits the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, where the original manuscript is kept, and marvels over all the changes and corrections in Dickens's hand that cover every page. She notices that the closing paragraph of the manuscript as published originally had another sentence at the end but it has been crossed out in such a way that she can't read it. Miriam then meets with Dickens scholars and experts at the Charles Dickens Museum on Doughty Street\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens in America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12639251\",\n \"text\": \"cases where she ranted, though he didn't necessarily win more games overall. Comedian Richard Herring (a teammate of Perkins) scored a record 10 points in this round, and Germaine Greer (a teammate of Addison's) had to humorously guess her own 1970 international best-selling novel, The Female Eunuch. The coloured backgrounds denote the result of each of the shows: What the Dickens What the Dickens? is a television panel game hosted by Sandi Toksvig. Team captains were Dave Gorman and Tim Brooke-Taylor for the first series and Sue Perkins and Chris Addison for the second and third. It was recorded at\",\n \"title\": \"What the Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12639247\",\n \"text\": \"What the Dickens What the Dickens? is a television panel game hosted by Sandi Toksvig. Team captains were Dave Gorman and Tim Brooke-Taylor for the first series and Sue Perkins and Chris Addison for the second and third. It was recorded at Sky Studios in West London. Each team viewed up to three picture clues to help them identify a book, film, play, or musical from the world of fine arts and entertainment, scoring three points if they guessed the correct answer after just one picture clue, two after two, and one after all three were revealed. If they failed\",\n \"title\": \"What the Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6239135\",\n \"text\": \"London. His publications include: He also wrote the introductions to many posthumous reprints of his father's books, such as \\\"Barnaby Rudge\\\", \\\"Oliver Twist\\\", \\\"Bleak House\\\", and \\\"Little Dorrit\\\", providing biographical and bibliographical insights. His \\\"Reminiscences of My Father\\\" was published posthumously in 1934. \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of London: An Unconventional Handbook\\\" is the main book of Charles Dickens Jr. It was first published in London in 1879, by \\\"Charles Dickens and Evans\\\" (Dickens Jr. and his father-in-law, publisher Frederick Evans). The book was then updated and reprinted every year until the author's death, from 1880 (second year) to the final 1896–1897\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10399267\",\n \"text\": \"and by 1997 Volume 9 had been published. Charles Dickens bibliography The bibliography of Charles Dickens (1812–70) includes more than a dozen major novels, a large number of short stories (including Christmas-themed stories and ghost stories), several plays, several non-fiction books, and individual essays and articles. Dickens's novels were serialized initially in weekly or monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats. A chronological list of Dickens' major works Editing and publication of Dickens's letters started in 1949 when publisher Rupert Hart-Davis persuaded Humphry House of Wadham College, Oxford, to edit a complete edition of the letters. House died suddenly\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10399266\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Dickens bibliography The bibliography of Charles Dickens (1812–70) includes more than a dozen major novels, a large number of short stories (including Christmas-themed stories and ghost stories), several plays, several non-fiction books, and individual essays and articles. Dickens's novels were serialized initially in weekly or monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats. A chronological list of Dickens' major works Editing and publication of Dickens's letters started in 1949 when publisher Rupert Hart-Davis persuaded Humphry House of Wadham College, Oxford, to edit a complete edition of the letters. House died suddenly aged 46 in 1955. However, the work continued,\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20422093\",\n \"text\": \"in private hands, most are now in libraries and public institutions. The largest collection is held by the Charles Dickens Museum in London, the second largest by the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the third largest by the Morgan Library & Museum in New York; other extensive collections are held by the British Library, the New York Public Library, the Huntington Library, and the Free Library of Philadelphia. In contrast, few letters to Dickens are known. Dickens often expressed his opposition to the publication of private letters, and was determined to suffer from it himself as little as possible. He\",\n \"title\": \"Letters of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72803\",\n \"text\": \"of inculcating his faith to his children and family. Dickens disapproved of Roman Catholicism and 19th-century evangelicalism, and was critical of what he saw as the hypocrisy of religious institutions and philosophies like spiritualism, all of which he considered deviations from the true spirit of Christianity. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky referred to Dickens as \\\"that great Christian writer\\\". In December 1845, Dickens took up the editorship of the London-based \\\"Daily News\\\", a liberal paper through which Dickens hoped to advocate, in his own words, \\\"the Principles of Progress and Improvement, of Education and Civil and Religious Liberty and Equal\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20422103\",\n \"text\": \"more intimate than any biography\\\", and the critic Nicholas Lezard recommended it in the \\\"Guardian\\\" with the words, \\\"The whole book bursts with the author’s energy, and you will love him and know him better after reading even a few of these letters.\\\" Also in 2012, a 4-hour audiobook was issued by Naxos under the title \\\"Charles Dickens: A Portrait in Letters\\\", the readers being David Timson and Simon Callow. One reviewer wrote that they \\\"create myriad personalities with varying accents, tones, class distinctions, and personal idiosyncrasies that are nearly flawless\\\". Letters of Charles Dickens The letters of Charles Dickens,\",\n \"title\": \"Letters of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72840\",\n \"text\": \"as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. Among fellow writers, Dickens has been both lionised and mocked. Leo Tolstoy, G. K. Chesterton, and George Orwell praised his realism, comic voice, prose fluency, and satiric caricature, as well as his passionate advocacy on behalf of children and the poor. French writer Jules Verne called Dickens his favourite writer, writing his novels \\\"stand alone, dwarfing all others by their amazing power and felicity of expression.\\\" Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh was inspired by Dickens's novels in several of his paintings like \\\"Vincent's Chair\\\" and in an 1889 letter to his sister\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72763\",\n \"text\": \"and inspiring a new class of readers. Dickens was regarded as the literary colossus of his age. His 1843 novella, \\\"A Christmas Carol\\\", remains popular and continues to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. \\\"Oliver Twist\\\" and \\\"Great Expectations\\\" are also frequently adapted, and, like many of his novels, evoke images of early Victorian London. His 1859 novel, \\\"A Tale of Two Cities\\\", set in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. Dickens has been praised by fellow writers—from Leo Tolstoy to George Orwell, G. K. Chesterton and Tom Wolfe—for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations,\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12458039\",\n \"text\": \"the Caribbean by banana boat, Dickens joined the British Tabulating Machine Company in 1937. Dickens joined the RNVR on the outbreak of World War II in 1939, leaving the Royal Navy in 1946 as a First Lieutenant. While serving in Portsmouth he met his wife Elizabeth Mary Blake (1913–2008), who was serving as a WREN, and whom he married in 1948. After leaving the Royal Navy, Dickens returned to his old firm, which eventually became ICL, and where he became Director of Communication. He was a lifelong supporter of the Charles Dickens Museum in Holborn. He was twice President of\",\n \"title\": \"Cedric Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13057651\",\n \"text\": \"Walter Landor Dickens Walter Savage Landor Dickens (8 February 1841 – 31 December 1863) was the fourth child and second son of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. He became an officer cadet in the East India Company's Presidency armies just before the Indian Mutiny. The mutiny resulted in the British Crown extending direct rule to India, and Dickens continued to serve in what was now becoming the British Indian Army until his death. Named after his godfather Walter Savage Landor, Walter Dickens was christened at St Marylebone parish church on 4 December 1841, after which Charles Dickens\",\n \"title\": \"Walter Landor Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12800492\",\n \"text\": \"biographer and writer Lucinda Hawksley, and actor Harry Lloyd. Dickens attended Huntleys Secondary School for Boys in Royal Tunbridge Wells and West Kent College. Inspired to be an actor by a performance of \\\"Nicholas Nickleby\\\" by the Royal Shakespeare Company, Gerald Dickens first performed his solo version of \\\"A Christmas Carol\\\" in America in 1993, returning annually to perform at historic hotels, libraries, theatres and Dickens festivals. In 2009, Dickens' American tour included such Christmas companies as Vaillancourt Folk Art and Byers Choice and has yielded national and local press. Based on the readings performed by Charles Dickens himself during\",\n \"title\": \"Gerald Charles Dickens (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9674679\",\n \"text\": \"in London for advice on what to do and see. The experts include the late Cedric Charles Dickens, great grandson of the Inimitable; Professor Michael Slater, one of the world's most renowned Dickens scholars and author of a recently released biography of Dickens; Dr. Paul Schlicke, then President of the Dickens Fellowship; Professor Lisa Jardine from the University of London and Jan Mark, writer and critic. The conversation ranges from advice on some of the lesser known places to go, to a discussion of what Dickens expected to do and accomplish. The Dickensians show Miriam the original Daniel Maclise drawing\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens in America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6239133\",\n \"text\": \"months rest due to overwork. As the centenary of their grandfather's birth approached, the reduced circumstances of Charles Jr.'s daughters led to a public fundraising appeal. On 7 January 1912 a gala performance, where 'leading actors and actresses appeared as Dickens' characters' at the London Coliseum raised £2500, while a separate appeal by \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\" added an additional £3882. By the close of the fund in March 1912 it held £12,000, which was to provide £150 per year to each of the daughters. Author Lucinda Hawksley, a descendant of the elder Charles Dickens, has written that 'the girls' begging\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13113999\",\n \"text\": \"the Middle District of Tennessee and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, both vacated by David M. Key. Clark was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 21, 1895, and received his commission the same day. He served on the court until his death, in Chattanooga. Charles Dickens Clark Charles Dickens Clark (October 7, 1847 – March 15, 1908) was a United States federal judge. Born in Laurel Cove, Tennessee, Clark received a B.A. from Burritt College in 1871 and an LL.B. from Cumberland University in 1873. He was on the staff of Confederate\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13113998\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Dickens Clark Charles Dickens Clark (October 7, 1847 – March 15, 1908) was a United States federal judge. Born in Laurel Cove, Tennessee, Clark received a B.A. from Burritt College in 1871 and an LL.B. from Cumberland University in 1873. He was on the staff of Confederate States General George G. Dibrell in Richmond, Virginia from 1864 to 1865. He was in private practice in Manchester, Tennessee from 1876 to 1883, and in Chattanooga, Tennessee from 1883 to 1895. On December 17, 1894, Clark was nominated by President Grover Cleveland to seats on the United States District Court for\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72808\",\n \"text\": \"Words\\\" earlier on 3 April 1852 was considered by the hospital's founders to have been the catalyst for the hospital's success. Dickens, whose philanthropy was well-known, was asked by his friend, the hospital's founder Charles West, to preside over the appeal, and he threw himself into the task, heart and soul. Dickens's public readings secured sufficient funds for an endowment to put the hospital on a sound financial footing—one reading on 9 February 1858 alone raised £3,000. After separating from Catherine, Dickens undertook a series of hugely popular and remunerative reading tours which, together with his journalism, were to absorb\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72777\",\n \"text\": \"single day. His favourite actor was Charles Mathews, and Dickens learnt his \\\"monopolylogues\\\", (farces in which Mathews played every character), by heart. Then, having learned Gurney's system of shorthand in his spare time, he left to become a freelance reporter. A distant relative, Thomas Charlton, was a freelance reporter at Doctors' Commons, and Dickens was able to share his box there to report the legal proceedings for nearly four years. This education was to inform works such as \\\"Nicholas Nickleby\\\", \\\"Dombey and Son\\\", and especially \\\"Bleak House\\\"—whose vivid portrayal of the machinations and bureaucracy of the legal system did much\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72767\",\n \"text\": \"school, and then at a school run by William Giles, a dissenter, in Chatham. This period came to an end in June 1822, when John Dickens was recalled to Navy Pay Office headquarters at Somerset House, and the family (except for Charles, who stayed behind to finish his final term of work) moved to Camden Town in London. The family had left Kent amidst rapidly mounting debts, and, living beyond his means, John Dickens was forced by his creditors into the Marshalsea debtors' prison in Southwark, London in 1824. His wife and youngest children joined him there, as was the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12800494\",\n \"text\": \"the Music Box Theatre in Minneapolis he played Charles Dickens in Jeffrey Hatcher's one-hander \\\"To Begin With\\\", which was adapted from Dickens' \\\"The Life of Our Lord\\\". He played the role again in a 2017 revival. In 2004, Dickens won the British TV show \\\"The Weakest Link\\\" during its 8th season in an episode where the contestants all had famous ancestors. Gerald Dickens lived in Goudhurst, Kent with his former wife Lucy Marsh, with whom he had a son, Cameron. He married his long-term partner Liz Hayes, a pianist who sometimes accompanies his performances, on 10 August 2015. They live\",\n \"title\": \"Gerald Charles Dickens (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12730918\",\n \"text\": \"death is fictionalised as the death of Little Nell. Catherine's younger sister, Georgina Hogarth, joined the Dickens fam household in 1842 when Dickens and Catherine sailed to America, caring for the young family they had left behind. In 1845 Charles Dickens produced the amateur theatrical \\\"Every Man in his Humour\\\" for the benefit of Leigh Hunt. In a subsequent performance, Catherine Dickens, who had a minor role, fell through a trap door injuring her ankle. In 1851, as 'Lady Maria Clutterbuck', Catherine Dickens published a cookery book, \\\"What Shall we Have for Dinner? Satisfactorily Answered by Numerous Bills of Fare\",\n \"title\": \"Catherine Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72834\",\n \"text\": \"I wonder if there ever was a captain yet that lost a ship with his log-book up to date? He generally has about a month to fill up on a clean break, like Charles Dickens and his serial novels.\\\" Dickens's novels were, among other things, works of social commentary. He was a fierce critic of the poverty and social stratification of Victorian society. In a New York address, he expressed his belief that \\\"Virtue shows quite as well in rags and patches as she does in purple and fine linen\\\". Dickens's second novel, \\\"Oliver Twist\\\" (1839), shocked readers with its\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72818\",\n \"text\": \"1860s to 'do the slums' and, in company, Dickens visited opium dens in Shadwell, where he witnessed an elderly addict known as \\\"Laskar Sal\\\", who formed the model for the \\\"Opium Sal\\\" subsequently featured in his mystery novel, \\\"Edwin Drood\\\". After Dickens had regained sufficient strength, he arranged, with medical approval, for a final series of readings to partially make up to his sponsors what they had lost due to his illness. There were to be 12 performances, running between 11 January and 15 March 1870, the last at 8:00 pm at St. James's Hall in London. Although in grave\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72778\",\n \"text\": \"to enlighten the general public and served as a vehicle for dissemination of Dickens's own views regarding, particularly, the heavy burden on the poor who were forced by circumstances to \\\"go to law\\\". In 1830, Dickens met his first love, Maria Beadnell, thought to have been the model for the character Dora in \\\"David Copperfield\\\". Maria's parents disapproved of the courtship and ended the relationship by sending her to school in Paris. In 1832, at age 20, Dickens was energetic and increasingly self-confident. He enjoyed mimicry and popular entertainment, lacked a clear, specific sense of what he wanted to become,\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20422100\",\n \"text\": \"noted that there were some errors and omissions of transcription he endorsed it as being in general extremely accurate, and thought the project as a whole \\\"of incomparable value\\\". New Dickens letters are discovered at the rate of about 20 per year, and they were for some years edited and published in Supplements to the Pilgrim Edition in \\\"The Dickensian\\\", the journal of the Dickens Fellowship. They have also been made accessible online by the Charles Dickens Letters Project, and it is intended eventually to publish a supplementary volume to the Pilgrim Edition. The costliness of both the Nonesuch and\",\n \"title\": \"Letters of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20422094\",\n \"text\": \"burned those letters that had been sent to him in a mass bonfire in 1860, commenting, \\\"Would to God that every letter I had ever written was on that pile\\\". He burned more in 1869, the year before he died. As a result, hardly more than 250 letters to Dickens have survived to the present day. The reading public's first chance to study large numbers of Dickens letters came shortly after his death with the publication of \\\"The Life of Charles Dickens\\\" (1872–74) by his lifelong friend John Forster. Many of Dickens's letters to Forster were included, but they were\",\n \"title\": \"Letters of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4866084\",\n \"text\": \"a registered charity. Perhaps the best-known exhibit is the portrait of Dickens known as \\\"Dickens's Dream\\\" by R. W. Buss, an original illustrator of \\\"The Pickwick Papers\\\". This unfinished portrait shows Dickens in his study at Gads Hill Place surrounded by many of the characters he had created. The painting was begun in 1870 after Dickens's death. Other notable artefacts in the museum include numerous first editions and original manuscripts as well as original letters by Dickens, and many personal items owned by Dickens and his family. The only known item of clothing worn by Dickens still in existence is\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6239131\",\n \"text\": \"published (jointly with his father-in-law) the first editions of his two main dictionaries, \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of London\\\" and \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames\\\". In 1882 his dictionaries were picked up by Macmillan & Co. who also released his third dictionary, \\\"Dickens's Dictionary of Paris\\\", delayed by verifications explained in its introduction. Charles Dickens died of heart disease, at his home in Fulham, London, on 20 July 1896, aged 59. He was buried at Mortlake Cemetery on 23 July 1896. Dickens' estate was worth £17 5s. 3d at his death, and his widow was granted a government pension of £100 per\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7245086\",\n \"text\": \"three months, on 28 May 1824. In 1834, Fred went to live with his brother Charles when he moved into three-room chambers in Furnival's Inn. Fred went to live with Charles and his wife, Catherine Dickens, and their young family in their Doughty Street home and resided with them for a number of years. When Charles and Catherine Dickens visited the United States in 1842, Fred Dickens remained in London and looked after his young nephews and nieces. Charles Dickens also helped Fred to find employment, firstly with a publisher and later in 1839 with the Treasury. When Charles Dickens\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12861460\",\n \"text\": \"Dickens Fellowship The Dickens Fellowship was founded in 1902, and is an international association of people from all walks of life who share an interest in the life and works of Victorian era novelist Charles Dickens. The Dickens Fellowship's head office is based at the Charles Dickens Museum in Doughty Street in London, England, the home of Charles Dickens from 1837 to 1839. In 1923 Dickens's former home at 48 Doughy Street was threatened with demolition, but it was saved by three members of the Dickens Fellowship, who raised a mortgage and bought the freehold in 1925. The membership of\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens Fellowship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72779\",\n \"text\": \"and yet knew he wanted fame. Drawn to the theatre—he became an early member of the Garrick—he landed an acting audition at Covent Garden, where the manager George Bartley and the actor Charles Kemble were to see him. Dickens prepared meticulously and decided to imitate the comedian Charles Mathews, but ultimately he missed the audition because of a cold. Before another opportunity arose, he had set out on his career as a writer. In 1833, he submitted his first story, \\\"A Dinner at Poplar Walk\\\", to the London periodical \\\"Monthly Magazine\\\". William Barrow, a brother of his mother, offered him\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72765\",\n \"text\": \"Navy Pay Office and was temporarily stationed in the district. He asked Christopher Huffam, rigger to His Majesty's Navy, gentleman, and head of an established firm, to act as godfather to Charles. Huffam is thought to be the inspiration for Paul Dombey, the owner of a shipping company in Dickens's novel \\\"Dombey and Son\\\" (1848). In January 1815, John Dickens was called back to London, and the family moved to Norfolk Street, Fitzrovia. When Charles was four, they relocated to Sheerness, and thence to Chatham, Kent, where he spent his formative years until the age of 11. His early life\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13516921\",\n \"text\": \"competent enough, but he was addicted to intemperance to a degree that practically blighted his usefulness. What he might have become, if of correct habits, no one dared to predict. As it was, he wasted his slender income on liquor\\\". The paper claimed that several letters were written begging Dickens to come to Chicago to see his brother's plight, but that, to avoid having to meet his brother and his family, Charles Dickens avoided Chicago when he visited the United States on his reading tours. In reality, though, Augustus was already dead by the time Dickens' American tour was even\",\n \"title\": \"Augustus Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7245091\",\n \"text\": \"is not deliberately and coldly wrong...\\\". Unable to attend the funeral himself, Charles sent his oldest son, Charles Dickens, Jr., to represent the family. He also contributed to the cost of the funeral. Frederick Dickens is buried in Darlington, within the grounds of the town's West Cemetery. Frederick Dickens Frederick William Dickens (4 July 1820 – 20 October 1868) was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens and was Charles Dickens's younger brother, who lived with Charles when he moved on to Furnival's Inn in 1834. He was the inspiration for two different Freds in his brother's books: the jovial\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72797\",\n \"text\": \"in theme and more carefully planned than his early works. At about this time, he was made aware of a large embezzlement at the firm where his brother, Augustus, worked (John Chapman & Co.). It had been carried out by Thomas Powell, a clerk, who was on friendly terms with Dickens and who had acted as mentor to Augustus when he started work. Powell was also an author and poet and knew many of the famous writers of the day. After further fraudulent activities, Powell fled to New York and published a book called \\\"The Living Authors of England\\\" with\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13138378\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Angela Dickens Mary Angela Dickens (31 October 1862 – 7 February 1948) was an English novelist and journalist of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, and the oldest grandchild of the novelist Charles Dickens. She died on the 136th anniversary of her grandfather's birth. Born at 46 Gloucester Road in London, and named after her aunt, Mary Dickens, Mary Angela Dickens was the eldest of eight children of Charles Dickens, Jr. and his wife Elisabeth Matilda Moule Dickens (née Evans) and the granddaughter of Charles Dickens, the famous novelist. She was the niece of the noted barrister and judge,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Angela Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14672099\",\n \"text\": \"WHO DIED SEPTEMBER 12TH 1863 AGED 73 YEARS\\\". Charles Dickens used his mother as the source for the vain, ineffectual and verbally comic Mrs. Nickleby in his novel \\\"Nicholas Nickleby\\\" and for Mrs Micawber in \\\"David Copperfield\\\". Elizabeth Dickens Elizabeth Culliford Dickens (née Barrow; 21 December 1789 – 13 September 1863) was the wife of John Dickens and the mother of English novelist Charles Dickens. She was the source for Mrs. Nickleby in her son's novel \\\"Nicholas Nickleby\\\" and for Mrs Micawber in \\\"David Copperfield\\\". One of eight children of Mary Culliford (1771–1851) and Charles Barrow (1759–1826), Elizabeth Barrow was\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12730921\",\n \"text\": \"coming to Dickens' attention, Dickens was so infuriated that it almost put an end to the Dickens-Thackeray friendship. Georgina, Charles and all of the children except Charles Dickens, Jr., remained in their home at Tavistock House, while Catherine and Charles Jr. moved out. Georgina Hogarth ran Dickens' household. On 12 June 1858 he published an article in his journal, \\\"Household Words\\\", denying rumours about the separation while neither articulating them nor clarifying the situation. He sent this statement to the newspapers, including \\\"The Times\\\", and many reprinted it. He fell out with Bradbury and Evans, his publishers, because they refused\",\n \"title\": \"Catherine Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13155711\",\n \"text\": \"I should even have to say to you, \\\"Our little baby is dead,\\\" you are to do your duty to the rest, and to shew yourself worthy of the great trust you hold in them. <br> <br> If you will read this steadily I have a perfect confidence in your doing what is right. <br> <br> Ever affectionately, Charles Dickens\\\" Catherine then \\\"fell into a state of 'morbid' grief and suffering\\\", recovering her composure after twelve hours or so. Dickens himself managed to retain his composure for some time, but Mary Dickens remembered that eventually he could no longer control\",\n \"title\": \"Dora Annie Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8178208\",\n \"text\": \"Dickens, Vancouver Dickens is a small neighbourhood in East Vancouver, Canada. Its area is from East 12th Avenue (northern boundary) to King Edward Avenue (southern boundary) and from Fraser Street (western boundary) to Knight Street (eastern boundary). Kingsway runs diagonally through the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood lies within the city-defined community of Kensington-Cedar Cottage. The area is named after the schools in the area, both named Dickens (Charles Dickens Elementary School and its Annex), which have been rated among the top forty schools in Canada. Parks in the Dickens area include Glen Park (adjacent to Charles Dickens Annex) and Sunnyside Park\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens, Vancouver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6330012\",\n \"text\": \"father's financial problems, Charles Dickens rented a cottage for his parents far from London, and, as he thought, far from temptation, at Alphington in Devon. However, John Dickens merely continued to write to Charles's friends and publishers asking for money. Eventually, he and his wife returned to London. On 31 March 1851 John Dickens died of a urethral infection. According to a letter that Charles Dickens sent to his wife, John Dickens had been suffering from a bladder disease but had kept the condition secret until little could be done. After an operation, John Dickens lingered for several days before\",\n \"title\": \"John Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14672089\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Dickens Elizabeth Culliford Dickens (née Barrow; 21 December 1789 – 13 September 1863) was the wife of John Dickens and the mother of English novelist Charles Dickens. She was the source for Mrs. Nickleby in her son's novel \\\"Nicholas Nickleby\\\" and for Mrs Micawber in \\\"David Copperfield\\\". One of eight children of Mary Culliford (1771–1851) and Charles Barrow (1759–1826), Elizabeth Barrow was introduced to John Dickens by her brother, Thomas Culliford Barrow, when the two men were working at the Navy Pay Office in nearby Somerset House. When John Dickens first met Elizabeth she was \\\"a small pretty girl\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13516922\",\n \"text\": \"announced. Augustus Dickens died from tuberculosis in America aged 39 and was buried in Graceland Cemetery in Chicago. His older brother Charles Dickens supported both of Augustus's wives financially. His mistress, Bertha Phillips, was said to have committed suicide on 24 December 1868 by taking an overdose of morphine, although she was taking morphine for a medical condition and probably took an overdose by mistake. Augustus Dickens Augustus Newnham Dickens (10 November 1827 – 4 October 1866) was the youngest brother of English novelist Charles Dickens, and the inspiration for Charles's pen name 'Boz'. Augustus Dickens was the son of\",\n \"title\": \"Augustus Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20422101\",\n \"text\": \"Pilgrim volumes, and the fragmentary or routine business nature of many of the letters included, has encouraged the publication of selections of Dickens's letters, intended for the general reader rather than the scholar. In 1985 David Paroissien edited \\\"The Selected Letters of Charles Dickens\\\", taking his texts from the Nonesuch Edition, substantive textual variants from the first five volumes of the Pilgrim Edition (the only ones then published) being listed in the notes. The scholar John Espey wrote that this selection constitutes \\\"a full review of almost all that we know of Dickens' activities as editor, public figure, father, husband,\",\n \"title\": \"Letters of Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12464841\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Cricket on the Hearth\\\". Through his efforts he raised £1,200 for the Society. He was a Life President of the Dickens Fellowship. Henry 'Harry' Dickens married Marie Roche (1852–1940), the daughter of Monsieur Antonin Roche, on 25 October 1876 in Portman Square in London; they had four sons and three daughters together. Within the Dickens family the couple were known as 'The Guvnor' and 'The Mater'. Their son Philip Charles Dickens is buried beside them in Putney Vale Cemetery in London, while a second son, Henry Charles Dickens, was the father of the author Monica Dickens. Henry Charles\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Fielding Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7245084\",\n \"text\": \"Frederick Dickens Frederick William Dickens (4 July 1820 – 20 October 1868) was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens and was Charles Dickens's younger brother, who lived with Charles when he moved on to Furnival's Inn in 1834. He was the inspiration for two different Freds in his brother's books: the jovial nephew of Ebenezer Scrooge in \\\"A Christmas Carol\\\" and the dissolute brother of Little Nell in \\\"The Old Curiosity Shop\\\". While Fred was a child and a youth, Charles Dickens often described him as his favourite brother, showing great concern for his welfare. As a boy, Fred\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14672095\",\n \"text\": \"the law firm of Ellis and Blackmore. When Blackmore thought the 15-year-old Charles Dickens \\\"exceedingly good looking and clever\\\" she persuaded him to take her son on as a law clerk. By the early 1850s Elizabeth Dickens had grown into a stout matriarch 'with some affectations of youthfulness, particularly [in] the \\\"juvenility of her dress\\\" and her semicomic confusions of speech'. Her son described her wardrobe as 'the attempt \\\"of middle-aged mutton to dress itself lamb fashion\\\"'. When Charles Dickens gained fame as a writer John Dickens frequently embarrassed his son by seeking loans from Charles' friends and publishers behind\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72792\",\n \"text\": \"abolitionist sentiments gleaned from his trip to America, some modern commentators have pointed out inconsistencies in Dickens's views on racial inequality, for instance, he has been criticized for his subsequent acquiescence in Governor Eyre's harsh crackdown during the 1860s Morant Bay rebellion in Jamaica and his failure to join other British progressives in condemning it. From Richmond, Virginia, Dickens returned to Washington, D.C., and started a trek westward to St. Louis, Missouri. While there, he expressed a desire to see an American prairie before returning east. A group of 13 men then set out with Dickens to visit Looking Glass\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"527593\",\n \"text\": \"working-class conditions earned him the esteem of many Socialists and Marxists. Engels declared that Balzac was his favorite writer. Marx's work \\\"Das Kapital\\\" also makes constant reference to the works of Balzac and urged Engels to read Balzac's work \\\"The Unknown Masterpiece\\\". Balzac influenced writers of his time and beyond. He has been compared to Charles Dickens and is considered one of Dickens' significant influences. Literary critic W. H. Helm calls one \\\"the French Dickens\\\" and the other \\\"the English Balzac\\\", while another critic, Richard Lehan, states that \\\"Balzac was the bridge between the comic realism of Dickens and the\",\n \"title\": \"Honoré de Balzac\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14697149\",\n \"text\": \"starts me', but outside of the city, 'the toil and labour of writing, day after day, without that magic lantern is IMMENSE!!' However, of the identifiable London locations that Dickens used in his work, scholar Clare Pettitt notes that many no longer exist, and, while 'you can track Dickens' London, and see where things were, but they aren't necessarily still there'. In addition to his later novels and short stories, Dickens' descriptions of London, published in various newspapers in the 1830s, were released as a collected edition Sketches by Boz in 1836. Charles Dickens' first son, also called Charles Dickens,\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens' London\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13516914\",\n \"text\": \"Augustus Dickens Augustus Newnham Dickens (10 November 1827 – 4 October 1866) was the youngest brother of English novelist Charles Dickens, and the inspiration for Charles's pen name 'Boz'. Augustus Dickens was the son of Elizabeth (\\\"née\\\" Barrow) and John Dickens, a clerk in the Navy Pay Office at Portsmouth. Charles Dickens's pen name, 'Boz', was actually taken from his youngest brother's family nickname 'Moses', given to him in honour of one of the brothers in \\\"The Vicar of Wakefield\\\" (one of the most widely read novels in the early 19th century), which when playfully pronounced through the nose became\",\n \"title\": \"Augustus Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13079774\",\n \"text\": \"some casual service as housekeeper or Companion and if Kitty or I can help or recommend her we shall be only too glad to do so – she has had a sad life – and will be much better without her detestable husband.\\\" Mary Dickens died in 1896 at Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire and is buried beside her sister Kate Perugini in Sevenoaks. She was buried on the same day as her eldest brother Charles Dickens, Jr.. Mary Dickens Mary \\\"Mamie\\\" Dickens (6 March 1838 – 23 July 1896) was the eldest daughter of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12730923\",\n \"text\": \"daughter Kate, telling her to \\\"Give these to the British Museum – that the world may know [Charles] loved me once\\\" Catherine Dickens was buried in Highgate Cemetery in London with her infant daughter Dora, who had died in 1851 aged nearly 8 months. Catherine Dickens was the subject of the sixty-minute BBC Two documentary \\\"Mrs Dickens' Family Christmas\\\", broadcast on 30 December 2011 and performed and presented by Sue Perkins, and which looked at the marriage of Charles Dickens through the eyes of Catherine. In the 1976 series \\\"Dickens of London\\\" she was portrayed by Adrienne Burgess. In the\",\n \"title\": \"Catherine Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9674752\",\n \"text\": \"of her life. Dickens in America Dickens in America is a 2005 television documentary following Charles Dickens' travels across the United States in 1842, during which the young journalist penned a travel book, \\\"American Notes\\\". In \\\"Dickens In America\\\", distinguished British actress Miriam Margolyes, a lifelong fan of Dickens, follows Dickens' 1842 American footsteps while encountering 21st-century US and some of its residents. Interspersing history, travelogue and interviews, \\\"Dickens In America\\\" offers insight into Charles Dickens' love/hate relationship with North America and paints a personal and revealing portrait of modern-day US. This 10-part road trip is suffused with optimism, a\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens in America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9674675\",\n \"text\": \"Dickens in America Dickens in America is a 2005 television documentary following Charles Dickens' travels across the United States in 1842, during which the young journalist penned a travel book, \\\"American Notes\\\". In \\\"Dickens In America\\\", distinguished British actress Miriam Margolyes, a lifelong fan of Dickens, follows Dickens' 1842 American footsteps while encountering 21st-century US and some of its residents. Interspersing history, travelogue and interviews, \\\"Dickens In America\\\" offers insight into Charles Dickens' love/hate relationship with North America and paints a personal and revealing portrait of modern-day US. This 10-part road trip is suffused with optimism, a social conscience and\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens in America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72813\",\n \"text\": \"Dickens was involved in the Staplehurst rail crash. The train's first seven carriages plunged off a cast iron bridge that was under repair. The only first-class carriage to remain on the track was the one in which Dickens was travelling. Before rescuers arrived, Dickens tended and comforted the wounded and the dying with a flask of brandy and a hat refreshed with water, and saved some lives. Before leaving, he remembered the unfinished manuscript for \\\"Our Mutual Friend\\\", and he returned to his carriage to retrieve it. Dickens later used this experience as material for his short ghost story, \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72806\",\n \"text\": \"allowed him to buy Gad's Hill Place in Higham, Kent. As a child, Dickens had walked past the house and dreamed of living in it. The area was also the scene of some of the events of Shakespeare's \\\"Henry IV, Part 1\\\", and this literary connection pleased him. In 1857, Dickens hired professional actresses for the play \\\"The Frozen Deep\\\", written by him and his protégé, Wilkie Collins. Dickens fell in love with one of the actresses, Ellen Ternan, and this passion was to last the rest of his life. Dickens was 45 and Ternan 18 when he made the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72799\",\n \"text\": \"and Clark was arrested. Dickens, realising that he had acted in haste, contacted John Chapman & Co. to seek written confirmation of Powell's guilt. Dickens did receive a reply confirming Powell's embezzlement, but once the directors realised this information might have to be produced in court, they refused to make further disclosures. Owing to the difficulties of providing evidence in America to support his accusations, Dickens eventually made a private settlement with Powell out of court. Angela Burdett Coutts, heir to the Coutts banking fortune, approached Dickens in May 1846 about setting up a home for the redemption of fallen\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72790\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Tatler\\\" and \\\"The Spectator\\\". Dickens was perturbed by the return to power of the Tories, whom Dickens described as \\\"people whom, politically, I despise and abhor.\\\" He had been tempted to stand for the Liberals in Reading, but decided against it due to financial straits. He wrote three anti-Tory verse satires (\\\"The Fine Old English Gentleman\\\", \\\"The Quack Doctor's Proclamation\\\", and \\\"Subjects for Painters\\\") which were published in \\\"The Examiner\\\". In 1842, Dickens and his wife made their first trip to the United States and Canada. At this time Georgina Hogarth, another sister of Catherine, joined the Dickens household, now\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72781\",\n \"text\": \"Augustus Dickens, after a character in Oliver Goldsmith's \\\"The Vicar of Wakefield\\\". When pronounced by anyone with a head cold, \\\"Moses\\\" became \\\"Boses\\\"—later shortened to \\\"Boz\\\". Dickens's own name was considered \\\"queer\\\" by a contemporary critic, who wrote in 1849: \\\"Mr Dickens, as if in revenge for his own queer name, does bestow still queerer ones upon his fictitious creations.\\\" He contributed to and edited journals throughout his literary career. In January 1835, the \\\"Morning Chronicle\\\" launched an evening edition, under the editorship of the \\\"Chronicle\\\"s music critic, George Hogarth. Hogarth invited Dickens to contribute \\\"Street Sketches\\\" and Dickens became\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72785\",\n \"text\": \"first Victorian novel with a child protagonist. On 2 April 1836, after a one-year engagement, and between episodes two and three of \\\"The Pickwick Papers\\\", Dickens married Catherine Thomson Hogarth (1816–1879), the daughter of George Hogarth, editor of the \\\"Evening Chronicle\\\". They were married in St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, London. After a brief honeymoon in Chalk in Kent, the couple returned to lodgings at Furnival's Inn. The first of their ten children, Charley, was born in January 1837, and a few months later the family set up home in Bloomsbury at 48 Doughty Street, London, (on which Charles had a\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"72768\",\n \"text\": \"practice at the time. Charles, then 12 years old, boarded with Elizabeth Roylance, a family friend, at 112 College Place, Camden Town. Roylance was \\\"a reduced [impoverished] old lady, long known to our family\\\", whom Dickens later immortalised, \\\"with a few alterations and embellishments\\\", as \\\"Mrs. Pipchin\\\" in \\\"Dombey and Son\\\". Later, he lived in a back-attic in the house of an agent for the Insolvent Court, Archibald Russell, \\\"a fat, good-natured, kind old gentleman... with a quiet old wife\\\" and lame son, in Lant Street in Southwark. They provided the inspiration for the Garlands in \\\"The Old Curiosity Shop\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14672096\",\n \"text\": \"his back, and by selling pages from his son's early manuscripts. Concerned about his father's financial problems, in 1839 Charles Dickens rented a cottage for his parents far from London, and, as he thought, far from temptation, at Alphington in Devon. However, John Dickens merely continued to write to Charles' friends and publishers asking for money. Charles received an \\\"unsatisfactory epistle from Mother\\\" and both parents wrote him \\\"hateful, sneering letters\\\", feeling that he had exiled them. \\\"I do swear,\\\" Charles complained, \\\"I am sick at heart with both her and father too.\\\" In 1842 John and Elizabeth Dickens returned\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Dickens\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["tobias smollett","washington irving","miguel de cervantes","william wordsworth","honoré de balzac","henry fielding","victor hugo","sheridan le fanu","william shakespeare","laurence sterne"],"string":"[\n \"tobias smollett\",\n \"washington irving\",\n \"miguel de cervantes\",\n \"william wordsworth\",\n \"honoré de balzac\",\n \"henry fielding\",\n \"victor hugo\",\n \"sheridan le fanu\",\n \"william shakespeare\",\n \"laurence sterne\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1285,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where jay z was raised?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1411079","text":"Adnis Reeves, abandoned the family, Shawn and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter. Reeves would later meet and reconcile with Jay-Z before dying in 2003. Jay-Z claims in his lyrics that in 1982 at age 12, he shot his older brother in the shoulder for stealing his jewelry. Along with future rapper AZ, Carter attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn until it was closed down. He then attended the nearby George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School with future rappers The Notorious B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes, followed by a stint at Trenton Central High","title":"Jay-Z"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411079\",\n \"text\": \"Adnis Reeves, abandoned the family, Shawn and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter. Reeves would later meet and reconcile with Jay-Z before dying in 2003. Jay-Z claims in his lyrics that in 1982 at age 12, he shot his older brother in the shoulder for stealing his jewelry. Along with future rapper AZ, Carter attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn until it was closed down. He then attended the nearby George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School with future rappers The Notorious B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes, followed by a stint at Trenton Central High\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1411148","text":"presidential election, Jay-Z and Beyoncé supported presidential candidate Hillary Clinton at her rally in Cleveland. Clinton praised Jay-Z for addressing racism, oppression, and the criminal justice system. Jay-Z Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969) known professionally as Jay-Z (stylized as JAY-Z), is an American rapper, entrepreneur, songwriter, and record producer. He is one of the most acclaimed rappers of all time. Born and raised in New York City, Jay-Z began his musical career in the mid 1990s, after which he released his debut studio album, \"Reasonable Doubt\", in 1996, to widespread critical and commercial success. He released the album","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411075","text":"Jay-Z Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969) known professionally as Jay-Z (stylized as JAY-Z), is an American rapper, entrepreneur, songwriter, and record producer. He is one of the most acclaimed rappers of all time. Born and raised in New York City, Jay-Z began his musical career in the mid 1990s, after which he released his debut studio album, \"Reasonable Doubt\", in 1996, to widespread critical and commercial success. He released the album a year after founding the record label Roc-A-Fella Records. His subsequent albums have also seen great praise, with \"The Blueprint\" (2001) and \"The Black Album\" (2003) later","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411087","text":"of S. Carter\". The album proved successful and sold over 3 million copies. \"Vol. 3\"'s most successful single was \"Big Pimpin\", featuring UGK. In 2000, Jay-Z released \"\", which was originally intended to become a compilation album for Roc-A-Fella artists but Def Jam turned into a Jay-Z album. The album helped to introduce newcomer producers The Neptunes, Just Blaze, Kanye West, and Bink, which have all gone on to achieve notable success. This is also the first album where Jay-Z utilizes a more soulful sound than his previous albums. \"The Dynasty\" sold over two million units in the U.S. alone.","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411123","text":"describes Jay-Z's performance style, saying he \"rarely breaks a sweat, and instead uses smoothness and clever wordplay to keep the audience interested and entertained\". Jay-Z appeared in a 2003 Reebok collection advertising his S. Carter Collection. Jay-Z has also established himself as a successful entrepreneur with a business empire spanning a variety of industries from clothing lines, beverages, real estate, sport teams, and record labels. In an interview, he stated that \"my brands are an extension of me. They're close to me. It's not like running GM, where there's no emotional attachment.\" Jay-Z and Damon Dash are the founders of","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411128","text":"David Paterson who awarded the contract said there had to be an affirmative action component to the ownership. Jay-Z initially approached by casino mogul Steve Wynn who was also bidding on the contract. On March 9, 2010, Jay-Z and Flake withdrew from the project and Paterson recused himself from further involvement. On November 16, 2010, Jay-Z published a memoir entitled \"Decoded.\" In April 2011, it was widely reported that Jay-Z had outbid executives at Universal Records and Jive Records to acquire independent record label Block Starz Music. Jay-Z is also credited as the executive producer of the basketball video game","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411096","text":"Records and Jay-Z taking control of both of the companies. Reportedly this major industry move was prompted by disagreements between Jay-Z and Dash as to what direction Roc-A-Fella could undertake. The publicized split between Jay-Z, Dash, and Biggs led to the former partners sending jabs at each other in interviews. On October 27, 2005, Jay-Z headlined New York's Power 105.1 annual concert, Powerhouse. The concert was entitled the \"I Declare War\" concert leading to intense speculation in the weeks preceding the event on whom exactly Jay-Z would declare war. As he had previously \"declared war\" on other artists taking lyrical","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411112","text":"R&B, Latin music and dance\" musicians. Jay-Z and Rihanna were the two main headlining acts for BBC Radio 1's 2012 Hackney Weekend music festival on June 23 to 24. Jay-Z opened his set with an appearance from Rihanna, they performed \"Run this Town\". On September 6, \"Clique\" was released, a single from the album \"Cruel Summer\", by GOOD Music. Kanye West and Big Sean starred alongside Jay-Z on the track. Jay-Z took the subway to his sold out show at The Barclays Center on October 6, 2012. On November 12, 2012, Coldplay announced that they will be playing with Jay-Z","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411106","text":"for the very first time, then performed \"Run This Town\" with Jay-Z. Among his success, Jay-Z has ventured into producing Broadway shows. Along with Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith, Jay-Z helped produced the play \"Fela!\", a musical celebrating the work of the late Nigerian star Fela Kuti. Jay-Z said he was inspired by the power of Kuti's work and his life story, which resulted in his interest to help produce the musical. \"Fela!\" is a story about an African pioneer and political activist who made his first moves on the scene during the 1970s. On January 23, 2010, Jay-Z","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411145","text":"a song that \"the greatest form of giving is anonymous to anonymous\" and, in 2013, it was revealed by author dream hampton, who co-wrote Jay-Z's book \"Decoded\", that he quietly established a trust fund for Sean Bell's children. In 2006, Jay-Z appeared with Russell Simmons in a PSA combatting racism and anti-Semitism organized by the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding. By 2008, Jay-Z was actively involved in the 2008 presidential campaign, where he supported increased voter participation and helped send voters to polling stations. He was an early supporter for the candidacy of Illinois senator and subsequent U.S. president Barack Obama,","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411095","text":"on to win a Grammy for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration, and was performed with Linkin Park live at the Grammys, with a special appearance by Paul McCartney, who added verses from the song \"Yesterday\". The EP sold over 1 million copies in the US. Jay-Z was the executive producer of \"The Rising Tied\", the debut album of Fort Minor, the hip hop side project of Linkin Park rapper Mike Shinoda. Jay-Z also planned to retire in 2004. Later in 2004, Jay-Z was named president of Def Jam Records, which led to Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs selling their remaining interests in Roc-A-Fella","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411101","text":"School professor Rawi Abdelal called this a \"turning point in American pop culture's response to globalization.\" The album has sold 1 million copies in the US. On January 1, 2008, Jay-Z resigned as president of Def Jam. In the winter of 2008 it was announced that Jay-Z become the first major hip hop artist to headline Britain's 2008 Glastonbury Festival. Tickets sold out quickly. Former headliner Noel Gallagher of Oasis condemned the festival organizers for choosing Jay-Z to headline a traditionally guitar-driven festival. \"I'm sorry, but Jay-Z?\" Gallagher asked, swearing. \"No chance. Glastonbury has a tradition of, kind of, guitar","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411098","text":"in this show was closure to the infamous hip hop rivalry between Jay-Z and Nas. The two former rivals shook hands and shared the stage together to perform Jay-Z's \"Dead presidents\" blended with Nas's song \"The World is Yours\". Jay-Z returned with his comeback album on November 21, 2006, titled \"Kingdom Come\". Jay-Z's comeback single, \"Show Me What You Got\", was leaked on the Internet in early October 2006, scheduled to be released later on that month, received heavy air-play after its leak, causing the FBI to step in and investigate. Jay-Z worked with video director Hype Williams, and the","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411144","text":"by Bono from the rock group U2. The effort took place in partnership with the UN, as well as MTV, which produced a documentary entitled \"Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life\", first airing in November 2006. Along with Sean \"Diddy\" Combs, Jay-Z pledged $1 million to the American Red Cross' relief effort after Hurricane Katrina. Jay-Z stated his support for Kanye West after the latter's outburst against President Bush during a live Katrina charity telethon. He also addressed the issue of the Katrina disaster, and the government's response, in his one verse song \"Minority Report\". Jay-Z has previously stated in","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411111","text":"is curated based on Jay-Z's interests, and he himself works with a small staff to produce every single piece of content. Jay-Z collaborated with M.I.A on her single \"XXXO\", which achieved a fair level of success and went on to become remixed by several producers worldwide. In May 2012, Jay-Z and Philadelphia Mayor Michael A. Nutter announced Jay-Z as the curator and the headliner for the first annual \"Budweiser Made in America\" festival at Fairmount Park in Philadelphia on September 1 and 2, 2012. The performance was produced by Live Nation and assembled an eclectic lineup of \"rock, hip hop,","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411086","text":"Charting hits from this album included \"Can I Get A...\", featuring Ja Rule and Amil, and \"Nigga What, Nigga Who\", also featuring Amil. \"Vol. 2\" would eventually become Jay-Z's most commercially successful album; it was certified 5× Platinum in the United States and has to date sold over five million copies. The album went on to win a Grammy Award, although Jay-Z boycotted the ceremony protesting DMX's failure to garner a Grammy nomination. In 1999, Jay-Z dueted with Mariah Carey on \"Heartbreaker\", a song from her seventh album, \"Rainbow\". In that same year, Jay-Z released \"Vol. 3... Life and Times","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411129","text":"\"NBA 2K13\", where he worked on the look and feel of the game along with its soundtrack. On April 2, 2013, ESPN Jay-Z launched his own sports agency, Roc Nation Sports, with a focus on the representations of various professional athletes. The sport management group will work as partners with Creative Artists Agency. In conjunction with the agency's launch, New York Yankees's second baseman Robinson Canó left agent Scott Boras to sign with the company. Sources have mentioned that Jay-Z himself is planning to be a certified sports agent, first in baseball and eventually in basketball and football. In order","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411082","text":"out Jay-Z and Positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage.\" The young Jay-Z appeared on a popular song by Big L, \"Da Graveyard\", and on Mic Geronimo's \"Time to Build\", which also featured early appearances by DMX and Ja Rule in 1995. His first official rap single was called \"In My Lifetime\", for which he released a music video. An unreleased music video was also produced for the B-side \"I Can't Get with That.\" With no major label to give him a record deal, Jay-Z sold CDs out of his car and, with Damon","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"13538586","text":"seem to be enjoying herself. The newspaper also gave Jay-Z a positive review saying that his set was exciting and kept the audience very hyped. They also continued saying he interacted with audience very well. Jay-Z & Ciara Live Jay-Z & Ciara Live (also known as Jay-Z Live with Special Guest Ciara), was a 2009 summer concert tour headlined by rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Ciara. The tour was in support of both artists' new albums, \"The Blueprint 3\" and \"Fantasy Ride\". The six city United States tour took place from July 2 to July 12, 2009. The tour was","title":"Jay-Z & Ciara Live"},{"psg_id":"1411114","text":"beats. I sent him my favorite stuff. He hit me right back like, 'Yo, I'ma go in on this,' or, 'I like this.'\" The album has been named one of the most anticipated albums of 2013 by \"Complex Magazine\", MTV, and \"XXL Magazine\". Production will come from Jahlil Beats, Kanye West, Rick Rubin, Swizz Beatz, Timbaland, and Pharrell Williams. Jay-Z also made an appearance on Justin Timberlake's comeback single \"Suit & Tie\" from his third studio album \"The 20/20 Experience\", the song itself was produced by both Jay-Z and Timberlake's mutual friend, Timbaland. Timberlake and Jay-Z embarked on the co-headlining","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"17442072","text":"Heaven (Jay-Z song) \"Heaven\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z for his twelfth studio album \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" (2013), featuring American recording artist Justin Timberlake. The song was written by Jay-Z, Timberlake, The-Dream, R.E.M., Adrian Younge, Timbaland, and J-Roc, while the production was handled by the latter two. During the song, Jay-Z touches on subjects of religious allegory and an interrogation of organized religion. The song has since peaked at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles. On \"Heaven\", Jay-Z questions the meaning of religion and once again shoots down rumors that he is","title":"Heaven (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"13823241","text":"Jay-Z Fall Tour The Jay-Z Fall Tour 2009 was a concert tour by American rapper Jay-Z in support of his eleventh studio album \"The Blueprint 3\". The routing took the rap mogul to 18 cities in the U.S. and 7 in Canada, kicking off with a 9/11 benefit concert on September 9 in New York City and ending in Austin, Texas on November 22. It was announced in November 2009 that dates would be added for 2010, with Trey Songz and Young Jeezy joining Jay-Z as opening acts. The Jay-Z Fall Tour and its 2010 leg have also been referred","title":"Jay-Z Fall Tour"},{"psg_id":"10837914","text":"Renegade (Jay-Z song) \"Renegade\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z, which appears as the 12th track on his sixth album \"The Blueprint\". The song is written by Jay-Z, Eminem, and Luis Resto and produced by and features Eminem, who is the only guest appearance on the album with rap verses. It was originally a collaboration between Eminem and Royce da 5'9\" as part of the Bad Meets Evil series, but Royce was later replaced by Jay-Z. The original can be found on mixtapes and has been leaked onto the internet. The Jay-Z version of the song, released in 2001 as","title":"Renegade (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"1411146","text":"performing for free in voter-drive concerts financed by the Democrats' campaign. He also became acquainted with Obama himself, who stated \"Every time I talk to Jay-Z, who is a brilliant talent and a good guy, I enjoy how he thinks. That's somebody who is going to start branching out and can help shape attitudes in a real positive way.\" During the 2010 mid-term elections' campaign, Jay-Z appeared, along with other artists, in an ad prepared by the HeadCount organization, urging voters, and especially younger ones, to register and vote. In May 2012, Jay-Z announced his endorsement of President Obama's support","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411094","text":"by Voletta Wallace and Afeni Shakur, the mothers of The Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur respectively. While Jay-Z had attested to a retirement from making new studio albums, various side projects and appearances soon followed. Included in these were a greatest hits record, as well as the release and tour of \"Unfinished Business\", the second collaborative album between Jay-Z and R. Kelly. In 2004, Jay-Z collaborated with rock group Linkin Park, in which they released their collaborative remix EP \"Collision Course\", which featured mashups of both artists' songs, as well as a concert DVD. The album's only single, \"Numb/Encore\", went","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"13538584","text":"Jay-Z & Ciara Live Jay-Z & Ciara Live (also known as Jay-Z Live with Special Guest Ciara), was a 2009 summer concert tour headlined by rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Ciara. The tour was in support of both artists' new albums, \"The Blueprint 3\" and \"Fantasy Ride\". The six city United States tour took place from July 2 to July 12, 2009. The tour was originally scheduled to have ten dates, but this was later changed to six. The opening act for the tour was rapper Fabolous. Ciara did not appear at the first tour date for an unknown reason,","title":"Jay-Z & Ciara Live"},{"psg_id":"1411100","text":"The album is not the film's official soundtrack, although it was distributed by Def Jam. Jay-Z's \"American Gangster\" depicts his life in correlation to the movie \"American Gangster\". At the start of the album's first single, \"Blue Magic\", Jay-Z offers a dealer's manifesto while making references to political figures of the late 1980s with the lyric: \"Blame Reagan for making me to into a monster, blame Oliver North and Iran-Contra, I ran contraband that they sponsored, before this rhymin' stuff we was in concert.\" Also notable about the \"Blue Magic\" music video was Jay-Z flashing €500 euro notes; Harvard Business","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"17442077","text":"but shortly falls back on his lavish lifestyle, using Maybachs and Lamborghinis as metaphors for angels.\" In a negative review, Colin McGuire of \"PopMatters\" called the R.E.M. sample awkward and cheesy. Mike Diver of \"Clash\" also discredited Jay-Z for not taking advantage of the \"rich imagery\" of the R.E.M. sample. Heaven (Jay-Z song) \"Heaven\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z for his twelfth studio album \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" (2013), featuring American recording artist Justin Timberlake. The song was written by Jay-Z, Timberlake, The-Dream, R.E.M., Adrian Younge, Timbaland, and J-Roc, while the production was handled by the latter","title":"Heaven (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"1411090","text":"in the industry. \"The Blueprint\" includes the popular songs \"Izzo (H.O.V.A.)\", \"Girls, Girls, Girls\", \"Jigga That Nigga\", and \"Song Cry\". , the album had sold 2,700,000 copies worldwide, even though its initial success had been overshadowed by the tragic events of 9/11. In October 2001, Jay-Z pleaded guilty to stabbing record producer Lance Rivera at the Kit Kat Klub in New York City in 1999. For this second degree felony, Jay-Z was sentenced to three years probation. Jay-Z's next solo album was 2002's \"\", a double-album. The album debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 at number one, selling over 3 million","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"4454304","text":"album \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" was released in July 2013 to great commercial success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 and having the second-biggest sales week for 2013 at the time of its release. Jay-Z albums discography American rapper Jay-Z has released thirteen solo studio albums, four collaboration albums, one live album, five compilation albums, one soundtrack album, two extended plays, one hundred and fifteen singles (including forty-five as a featured artist), nine promotional singles and eighty-two music videos. As of December 2014, Jay-Z sold 55 million studio albums worldwide. Jay-Z began his music career in the 1980s, building a reputation as","title":"Jay-Z albums discography"},{"psg_id":"1411139","text":"became the youngest person ever to appear on a \"Billboard\" chart when \"Glory\" debuted on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at number 74. On June 18, 2017, Beyoncé's father Mathew Knowles confirmed that she had given birth to twins with Jay-Z, a daughter, Rumi, and a son, Sir. On December 1, 1999, Jay-Z, who had come to believe that record executive Lance \"Un\" Rivera was behind the bootlegging of \"Vol. 3...\", allegedly stabbed Rivera at the release party for Q-Tip's album \"Amplified\" at the Kit Kat Klub, a now-defunct night club in Times Square, New York City. Jay-Z's associates at the party","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411097","text":"shots at him at other events, many believed that the Powerhouse show would represent an all-out assault by Jay-Z upon his rivals. The theme of the concert was Jay-Z's position as President and CEO of Def Jam, complete with an on-stage mock-up of the Oval Office. Many artists made appearances such as the old roster of Roc-A-Fella records artists, as well as Ne-Yo, Teairra Marí, T.I., Young Jeezy, Akon, Kanye West, Paul Wall, The LOX, and Diddy. At the conclusion of the concert, Jay-Z put many arguments to rest to the surprise of hip hop fans. The most significant development","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"8759248","text":"Kingdom Come (Jay-Z album) Kingdom Come is the ninth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released on November 21, 2006, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. It was considered a \"comeback album\" for the rapper, as 2003's \"The Black Album\" was promoted as his final release. \"Kingdom Come\" received generally lukewarm reviews but was a commercial success, selling 680,000 copies in its first week, while earning Jay-Z a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Album. \"Kingdom Come\" was the first Jay-Z album released since 2003's \"The Black Album\", which had been widely hyped as Jay-Z's \"retirement\" album.","title":"Kingdom Come (Jay-Z album)"},{"psg_id":"9465287","text":"shown and music videos from her \"B'Day Anthology\" were comprised together. The video also shows video clips of Beyoncé behind the scenes of photo shoots and commercials and red carpet events with fans. \"Welcome to Hollywood\" was included as the 31st track on Knowles' live album, \"The Beyoncé Experience Live\" (2007). Hollywood (Jay-Z song) \"Hollywood\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jay Z for his ninth studio album, \"Kingdom Come\" (2006). It features Jay Z's now-wife, American recording artist Beyoncé, and was released as a single in the US on January 23, 2007. Jay Z co-wrote the song","title":"Hollywood (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"9465279","text":"Hollywood (Jay-Z song) \"Hollywood\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jay Z for his ninth studio album, \"Kingdom Come\" (2006). It features Jay Z's now-wife, American recording artist Beyoncé, and was released as a single in the US on January 23, 2007. Jay Z co-wrote the song with its producers Ne-Yo and Reggie \"Syience\" Perry. \"Hollywood\" is a disco-influenced R&B song with lyrics that detail the tiredness music stars, working in the American cinema industry, sometimes feel. The song was well received by music critics who praised its musical arrangement as well as the guest vocals by Knowles.","title":"Hollywood (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"10837915","text":"featured on \"The Blueprint\", was later included as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of Eminem's 2005 greatest hits album, \"\". The song is referenced by rapper Nas on his famous diss record Ether made during their highly publicized feud. Nas says to Jay-Z that \"Eminem murdered you on your own shit;\" stating that he felt Eminem outperformed Jay-Z on Jay's own song. Years later Jay admitted the Nas claim in \"A Star Is Born\". Nas and Jay-Z had both contributed to the soundtrack of Eminem's 2002 film \"8 Mile\", with Nas' contribution, \"U Wanna Be Me\", being a","title":"Renegade (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"1411109","text":"was the second single \"Otis\", which premiered on Funkmaster Flex's Hot 97 radio show, and was later released to the iTunes Store eleven days later. The song's existence, along with several other tracks from the album, was confirmed during a listening session hosted by Jay-Z. The album was first released on the iTunes Store, five days prior to it being released in physical format, a strategy Jay-Z later said was used to block an internet leak. It debuted at No. 1 on the iTunes Store in 23 countries. It also broke Coldplay's record for most albums sold in one week","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411084","text":"his follow-up \"In My Lifetime, Vol. 1.\" Produced by Sean \"Puff Daddy\" Combs, it sold better than his previous effort. Jay-Z later explained that the album was made during one of the worst periods of his life when he was reeling from the death of his close friend, The Notorious B.I.G. The album was a personal revelation for Jay-Z as he told the stories of his difficult upbringing. The album's glossy production stood as a contrast to his first release, and some dedicated fans felt he had \"sold out.\" However, the album did feature some beats from producers who had","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"17438259","text":"Oceans (Jay-Z song) \"Oceans\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z recorded for his twelfth studio album \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\". The song features American singer Frank Ocean and was produced by Pharrell Williams, with additional production from Timbaland. The song has peaked at number 83 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Oceans\", along with another song from \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" titled \"Holy Grail\" were recorded in 2011 during the recording sessions for Jay-Z's collaborative album with Kanye West, \"Watch the Throne\". West wanted the two songs to appear on \"Watch the Throne,\" but Jay-Z chose to keep them","title":"Oceans (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"10562675","text":"Anything (Jay-Z song) \"Anything\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z that is found on Beanie Sigel's 2000 album \"The Truth\". It is produced by Sam Sneed and P. Skam, who sample Lionel Bart's \"I'll Do Anything\" for the track's beat and chorus. The sample from \"Oliver!\" heavily popularized \"Anything\", as did the \"Annie\" sample on \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\", \"Anything\" was also a bonus track on Jay-Z's album \"Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter\" (UK/Europe edition) as is \"Anything (Mr. Drunk Mix)\" on the Japanese version of the album. Jay-Z admitted to Angie Martinez in a 2009","title":"Anything (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"8759249","text":"The video for that album's hit single \"99 Problems\" had ended with Jay-Z going down in a hail of gunfire. Jay-Z stated in interviews that that scene represented the \"death\" of Jay-Z and the \"rebirth\" of Shawn Carter. Because of this, Jay-Z had originally planned to release \"Kingdom Come\" under his real name of Shawn Carter, but decided in the end to release it under his more-famous stage name Jay-Z. The album's second single, \"Lost One\" (produced by Dr. Dre) addresses Jay's split with Roc-A-Fella co-founder Damon Dash, the death of his nephew, and supposedly his relationship with singer Beyoncé.","title":"Kingdom Come (Jay-Z album)"},{"psg_id":"1411115","text":"Legends of the Summer Stadium Tour. During the fifth game of the 2013 NBA Finals, Carter announced his twelfth studio album, \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\", and was released on July 4, 2013. Not long after, Jay-Z confirmed that the hyphen in his stage name would be left out and officially stylized in all capital letters Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week, which bypassed its predicted debut in the range of 350,000 to 400,000. In December 2013, it was announced that Jay-Z had received nine nominations at","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411107","text":"released a track, \"Stranded (Haiti Mon Amour)\", with Rihanna, and U2's Bono and The Edge, as well as performing it at the Hope For Haiti Now telethon. In June 2010, Eminem and Jay-Z announced they would perform together in a pair of concerts in Detroit and New York. The event was dubbed The Home & Home Tour. The first two concerts rapidly sold out, prompting the scheduling of an additional show at each venue. Jay-Z was the supporting act for U2 on the Australian and New Zealand leg of their U2 360° Tour, beginning in Auckland, New Zealand, in November","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"12613143","text":"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh) \"Jockin' Jay-Z\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z, produced by Kanye West. Originally intended for inclusion on his eleventh studio album \"The Blueprint 3\", the song didn't make the final track listing and remained a digital-only single until it was included as a b-side on various releases of the \"Empire State of Mind\" single. It samples \"Dumb Girl\" by Run-D.M.C. and first leaked on the internet in July 2008 – but with low quality sound. The mastered version was released in August 2008. Jay-Z debuted the song at a Kanye West show at Madison Square","title":"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)"},{"psg_id":"1411099","text":"single's video was directed by F. Gary Gray. The album features production from Just Blaze, Pharrell, Kanye West, Dr. Dre and Coldplay's Chris Martin (single entitled \"Beach Chair\"). The first week saw 680,000 sales of the CD, which \"Entertainment Weekly\" said was \"the highest single-week total in Jay's decade long career\". This album has sold 2 million copies in the US. Jay-Z released his tenth album entitled \"American Gangster\" on November 6, 2007. After viewing the Ridley Scott film of the same name, Jay-Z was heavily inspired to create a new \"concept\" album that depicts his experiences as a street-hustler.","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411134","text":"cologne's failure is due to Jay-Z not doing social media posts and interviews about the cologne. Parlux claims they projected selling $15 million the first year, and $35 million the second, and subsequent years after the launch. The fragrance sold $14 million the first year and $6.1 million the second. Parlux supposedly lost money on the venture and have had constant returns of unsold inventory. In July 2015, Carter made a significant investment to JetSmarter, an app helping people book private executive plane flights. The app was built by Sergey Petrossov. Jay-Z collaborated with Cohiba to launch his own cigars.","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411110","text":"on the online retailer, selling 290,000 copies on iTunes alone. It held that record, until Lil Wayne's \"Tha Carter IV\" was released twenty-one days later, selling only 10,000 copies more. It debuted on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart at No. 1, selling 436,000 copies in its first week. The album received generally positive reviews. Jay-Z and West later gave a surprise performance of \"Otis\" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. In April 2011, Jay-Z launched a blog-like, lifestyle website by the name of Life + Times. It covers everything from music, to fashion, to technology, to sports. The site","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411081","text":"in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including \"The Originators\" and \"Hawaiian Sophie.\" Jay-Z became embroiled in several battles with rapper LL Cool J in the early 1990s. He first became known to a wide audience on the posse cut \"Show and Prove\" on the 1994 Big Daddy Kane album \"Daddy's Home.\" Jay-Z has been referred to as Big Daddy Kane's hype man during this period, although Kane explains that he didn't fill the traditional hype man role, and was instead \"basically ma[king] cameo appearances on stage. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411125","text":"was closed down and bought back by the hotel after attendance steadily declined. In 2005, Jay-Z became an investor in Carol's Daughter, a line of beauty products, including products for hair, skin, and hands. In September 2013, his stake in Barclays Center was sold for $1.5 million. Jay-Z serves as co-brand director for Budweiser Select and collaborates with the company on strategic marketing programs and creative ad development. He provides direction on brand programs and ads that appear on TV, radio, print, and high-profile events. He is also yet to expand his 40/40 Club sports bar in as many as","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"17442074","text":"and spiritual themes. Throughout the song he ponders faith, superstition and free thinking. The songs features Jay-Z rapping a lyric of rock band R.E.M.'s 1991 single \"Losing My Religion\". Following the album's release, former frontman of R.E.M. Michael Stipe told \"NME\" that he was \"thrilled\" and that it was a \"great honor\" that Jay-Z included the lyrics in one of his songs. On June 25, 2013, \"Heaven\" became the second song from \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" (after the lead single \"Holy Grail\") to have its partial lyrics revealed by the JAY Z MAGNA CARTA App via Samsung. On June 27,","title":"Heaven (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"5852532","text":"where R. Kelly was accused of erratic behavior and was pepper sprayed by a Jay-Z associate. Jay-Z and the tour promoter then banned R. Kelly from the tour claiming \"lack of professionalism\". R. Kelly responded by suing his co-act and touring company for $75 million for breach of contract, among other things, on November 2. \"Unfinished Business\" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 1 for selling more than 1,000,000 copies in the US. R. Kelly appeared on Jay-Z's \"Guilty Until Proven Innocent\". In 2001, Jay-Z was featured on R. Kelly's popular single \"Fiesta","title":"Unfinished Business (Jay-Z and R. Kelly album)"},{"psg_id":"1411135","text":"In 2016, he signed a two-year exclusive film and TV Deal with Weinstein Company and with the deal gives them first-look options to create scripted and unscripted TV projects and film projects, and those projects were in works. As part of his deal with Weinstein company, he produced a documentary series on the life of Kalief Browder who was imprisoned for three years and committed suicide upon his release. He also addressed racial profiling and police brutality in a conscious manner. Jay-Z is married to American R&B singer Beyoncé. In 2002, Jay-Z and Beyoncé collaborated for the song \"'03 Bonnie","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411133","text":"help of Mooreland Partners, a leading global technology-focused M&A advisory firm, which acted as financial advisor to Aspiro. The music service combines lossless audio and high definition music videos with curated editorial. The main idea of the service is to bring major revenue streams back to the music artists themselves as the idea of an artist-owned streaming platform was stated as to \"restore the value to music by launching a service owned by artists.\" Jay-Z currently is a major shareholder in the company. Parlux fragrances sued Jay-Z for $18 million for the failure of his cologne, \"Gold\". They claim the","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411127","text":"called J Hotels which recently acquired a $66 million mid-block parcel in Chelsea, New York. Jay-Z and his partners are contemplating constructing a high-end hotel or an art gallery building on the newly acquired site which has the potential to go up about twelve stories. Through his conglomerate company Gain Global Investments Network LLC, he had an interest estimated between 2 and 7% in the Aqueduct Entertainment Group (AEG) consortium, which in January 2010 was awarded a contract to operate a 4,500 slot machine racino at the Aqueduct Race Track. Jay-Z became interested in the project after New York Governor","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411124","text":"the urban clothing brand Rocawear. Rocawear has clothing lines and accessories for men, women and children. The line was taken over by Jay-Z in early 2006 following a falling out with Dash. In March 2007, Jay-Z sold the rights to the Rocawear brand to Iconix Brand Group, for $204 million. He retains his stake in the company and continues to oversee the marketing, licensing and product development. He also co-owns the 40/40 Club, an upscale sports bar that started in New York City and has since expanded to Atlantic City and Chicago. In 2008, the 40/40 club in Las Vegas","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411103","text":"Glastonbury set with a tongue-in-cheek cover of Oasis's iconic song \"Wonderwall\", and went on to deliver a performance heralded as a successful response to pre-festival criticism. He also headlined many other summer festivals in 2008, including Roskilde Festival in Denmark, Hove Festival in Norway and O2 Wireless Festival in London. During Kanye West's concert of August 6, 2008 at Madison Square Garden, Jay-Z came out to perform a new song and he and Kanye proclaimed that it was to be on \"The Blueprint 3\". On May 21, 2009, Jay-Z announced he would be parting ways with Def Jam, and had","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411083","text":"Dash and Kareem Biggs, created Roc-A-Fella Records as an independent label in 1995. After striking a distribution deal with Priority, Jay-Z released his 1996 debut album \"Reasonable Doubt\" with beats from acclaimed producers such as DJ Premier and Super DJ Clark Kent and an appearance by The Notorious B.I.G.. The album reached number 23 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and was generally favored by critics. This album would later be included in \"Rolling Stone\"'s \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" as No. 248 and eventually reach platinum status. After reaching a new distribution deal with Def Jam in 1997, Jay-Z released","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411080","text":"School in Trenton, New Jersey, though he did not graduate. According to his interviews and lyrics, during this period he sold crack cocaine and was shot at three times. According to his mother, Carter used to wake up his siblings at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table. She bought him a boom box for his birthday, sparking his interest in music. He began freestyling and writing lyrics. Known as \"Jazzy\" around the neighborhood, Carter later adopted the showbiz/stage name \"Jay-Z\" in homage to his mentor Jaz-O. Jay-Z can be briefly heard on several of Jaz-O's early recordings","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"13823242","text":"to as The Blueprint 3 Tour. Cancelled dates The following dates have been canceled by tour promoter Live Nation, due to \"an unforeseen scheduling conflict.\" Jay-Z Fall Tour The Jay-Z Fall Tour 2009 was a concert tour by American rapper Jay-Z in support of his eleventh studio album \"The Blueprint 3\". The routing took the rap mogul to 18 cities in the U.S. and 7 in Canada, kicking off with a 9/11 benefit concert on September 9 in New York City and ending in Austin, Texas on November 22. It was announced in November 2009 that dates would be added","title":"Jay-Z Fall Tour"},{"psg_id":"10837918","text":"was used as a demo verse for Eminem's verse on the song \"Dead Wrong\". Both of his verses are to state that Eminem and he are liable to kill if the need is felt. Ultimately, both Jay-Z (or Royce da 5'9\") and Eminem use the hook to say that, while they may face public disapproval for different reasons, they will not change their behavior and have \"never been afraid to talk about anything\". Renegade (Jay-Z song) \"Renegade\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z, which appears as the 12th track on his sixth album \"The Blueprint\". The song is written by","title":"Renegade (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"9465286","text":"2007 deluxe edition of Beyoncé's \"B'Day\" (2006) with Knowles on lead under the title \"Welcome to Hollywood\". All of Jay Z's rap verses were removed and replaced with Beyoncé's hook of the original songs. Jay Z's outro verse was also re-recorded by Beyoncé as well. The chorus still features Jay Z in the background. This version was included on Knowles' 2007 live album, \"The Beyoncé Experience\". A karaoke version of \"Welcome to Hollywood\" was later included on Knowles' 2008 album, \"Beyoncé Karaoke Hits, Vol I\". A video interlude was recorded for The Beyoncé Experience tour where clips of Knowles were","title":"Hollywood (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"1411136","text":"& Clyde\". Jay-Z also appeared on Beyoncé's hit single \"Crazy in Love\" as well as \"That's How You Like It\" from her debut album \"Dangerously in Love\". On her second album, \"B'Day\", he made appearances on the 2006 hits, \"Déjà Vu\" and \"Upgrade U\". In the video for the latter song, she comically imitates his appearance. The couple generally avoids discussing their relationship. Beyoncé has stated that she believes that not publicly discussing their relationship has helped them. Jay-Z said in a \"People\" article, \"We don't play with our relationship.\" They kept a low profile while dating, and married in","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411093","text":"sold more than 3 million copies in the US. Jay-Z collaborated with R. Kelly and released a collaborative studio album, \"The Best of Both Worlds\". On November 25, 2003, Jay-Z held a concert—billed as a \"retirement party\" at Madison Square Garden in New York City, which would later be the focus of his film \"Fade to Black\". All proceeds went to charity. Other performers included collaborators like the Roots (in the form of his backing band), Missy Elliott, Memphis Bleek, Beanie Siegel, Freeway, Mary J. Blige, Beyoncé, Twista, Ghostface Killah, Foxy Brown, Pharrell Williams and R. Kelly with special appearances","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411088","text":"In 2001, with Tupac Shakur, Snoop Dogg, and Death Row Records. He later performed the song \"Takeover\", at Summer Jam 2001, which initially attacked Prodigy and revealed photos of Prodigy dressed like Michael Jackson. A line at the end of \"Takeover\" referred to Nas, who criticized him on \"We Will Survive\". Nas responded with a diss track called \"Ether\" and Jay-Z straightaway added a verse to \"Takeover\" which dissed Nas and would start a feud between the two rappers. The feud had ended by 2005, Jay-Z stated Mark Pitts had helped them settle the feud. On September 11, 2001, hours","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"17410522","text":"Courtney Love, who owns the rights to the original song. In an interview with BBC Radio 1, Jay-Z stated that \"Holy Grail\" was \"the map for the album\" and that it set the tone for the rest of \"MCHG\". When the song was first recorded for \"Watch the Throne\", Jay-Z thought it would get lost on the album and decided to keep it as the \"center piece\" for his next album. The song's lyrics can be interpreted as Jay-Z's and Timberlake's love-hate relationship with fame. On August 2, 2013, Jay-Z revealed to Power 106 that he and fellow tour mate","title":"Holy Grail (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"1411143","text":"that again. During his retirement, Jay-Z also became involved in philanthropic activity. In 2003, Jay-Z, together with his mother, founded The Shawn Carter Foundation, which has assisted eligible students facing socio-economic hardships through college. On August 9, 2006, he met with United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan at the organization's headquarters in New York City. The rapper pledged to use his upcoming world tour to raise awareness of and combat global water shortage. Already on the look-out for a way to, in his own words, \"become helpful\", he had been made aware of this issue during a visit to Africa","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411102","text":"music, do you know what I mean? And even when they throw the odd curve balls in on a Sunday night—you go, 'Kylie Minogue? I don't know about that', do you know what I mean?—but I'm not having hip hop at Glastonbury, no way, no, no. It's wrong.\" As controversy mounted, Jay-Z replied, \"We don't play guitars, Noel, but hip hop has put in its work like any other form of music. This headline show is just a natural progression. Rap music is still evolving. We have to respect each other's genre of music and move forward.\" Jay-Z opened his","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"1411077","text":"Sports. As a member of Roc Nation Sports, Jay-Z is a licensed sports agent. His heavily publicized marriage to singer Beyoncé in 2008 has made him a global figure in popular culture. As a couple, they have an estimated combined net worth of $1.16 billion, with his individual net worth of $900 million making him the richest hip hop artist in the world. Jay-Z is one of the world's best-selling music artists. He has received 21 Grammy Awards, tied with Kanye West for the most by a rapper. He also holds the record for the most number-one albums by a","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"2480631","text":"The Black Album (Jay-Z album) The Black Album is the eighth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z, released on November 14, 2003, by Roc-A-Fella Records. It was advertised as his final album before retiring, which is also a recurring theme throughout the songs, although Jay-Z resumed his recording career in 2006. For the album, Jay-Z wanted to enlist a different producer for each song, working with Just Blaze, Kanye West, The Neptunes, DJ Quik, Timbaland, 9th Wonder and Rick Rubin, among others. When \"The Black Album\" was released, it received widespread acclaim from critics. In its first week, the album","title":"The Black Album (Jay-Z album)"},{"psg_id":"12613146","text":"scored a point back by suggesting he would like to work with Liam. The song was later remixed by blink-182 drummer Travis Barker, who frequently remixes hip-hop songs by adding his drumming into the song. Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh) \"Jockin' Jay-Z\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z, produced by Kanye West. Originally intended for inclusion on his eleventh studio album \"The Blueprint 3\", the song didn't make the final track listing and remained a digital-only single until it was included as a b-side on various releases of the \"Empire State of Mind\" single. It samples \"Dumb Girl\" by Run-D.M.C.","title":"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)"},{"psg_id":"9393942","text":"Encore (Jay-Z song) \"\"Encore\" is a song from Jay-Z's \"The Black Album\". It features guest vocals by John Legend, Don Crawley, GLC and Kanye West. The song was released by Roc-A-Fella Records and produced by West for Konman Productions. \"Encore\" received much popularity in 2004 when it was mixed with Linkin Park's hit single \"Numb\" on the mash-up album \"Collision Course\" as \"Numb/Encore\", which went on to win a Grammy Award. \"The Black Album\" was touted by Jay Z as his last album before he retired from rap music. He cited a perceived lack of competition as reason for his","title":"Encore (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"16211743","text":"the song. She added that \"Glory\" is a \"condensed saga, where the revelations range from somewhat brazen... to somber\". David K. Li, Josh Saul, and Tata Palmeri of the \"New York Post\" wrote that \"the emotional song may win over even Jay-Z's harshest critics\". Rob Markman of MTV News praised \"Glory\" saying that Jay-Z recorded his \"most personal thoughts... and then tops things off by adding the crying and cooing bundle of joy to the track, effectively giving baby girl her very first feature\". David Marchese of \"Spin\" magazine felt that \"Jay spouts all sorts of fatherly sentiment on the","title":"Glory (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"17438260","text":"for his upcoming twelfth studio album and they were replaced with \"No Church in the Wild\" and \"Made in America\". Oceans (Jay-Z song) \"Oceans\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z recorded for his twelfth studio album \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\". The song features American singer Frank Ocean and was produced by Pharrell Williams, with additional production from Timbaland. The song has peaked at number 83 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Oceans\", along with another song from \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" titled \"Holy Grail\" were recorded in 2011 during the recording sessions for Jay-Z's collaborative album with Kanye West,","title":"Oceans (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"16211745","text":"is officially credited on the song, she became the youngest person in the history to have a charted song on a \"Billboard\" chart ever. It also debuted at number 23 on the Rap Songs chart in the US for the chart issue dated January 28, 2012. The official music video for \"Glory\" was released on April 16, 2015. Glory (Jay-Z song) \"Glory\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his daughter Blue Ivy Carter (credited as B.I.C.) and background vocals from Pharrell Williams. Produced by The Neptunes, it premiered on Jay-Z's official website LifeandTimes.com on January 9, 2012, two","title":"Glory (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"10837916","text":"diss towards Jay-Z. The song has different meanings to both artists. Jay-Z's two verses deal with his fatherless childhood, and how financial difficulties faced by his mother forced him to sell drugs for survival (thus becoming a renegade to society). He states his demeanor was \"30 years [his] senior,\" implying that hardships he faced during his childhood forced him to grow up and make adult decisions from a young age. Jay-Z argues that his music is the product of his rough upbringing, and that it speaks to others going through the same problems. Thus, he dismisses critics who lump him","title":"Renegade (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"17410527","text":"on July 14, 2013. During the concert at Barclays Center as part of Timberlake's The 20/20 Experience World Tour on December 14, 2014, Jay-Z joined him on stage to perform the song. \"Holy Grail\" was also performed during the On the Run Tour (2014) and the On The Run II Tour (2018), a co-headlining tour by Beyoncé and Jay-Z. During the performance of the song, Beyoncé sang Justin Timberlake's parts. \"Consequence of Sound\"'s Alex Young chose the song as one of the particular highlights of the show. !scope=\"row\"| South Korea (Gaon Chart) Holy Grail (Jay-Z song) \"Holy Grail\" is a","title":"Holy Grail (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"16211737","text":"Glory (Jay-Z song) \"Glory\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his daughter Blue Ivy Carter (credited as B.I.C.) and background vocals from Pharrell Williams. Produced by The Neptunes, it premiered on Jay-Z's official website LifeandTimes.com on January 9, 2012, two days after his wife Beyoncé Knowles gave birth to the couple's first child Blue. \"Glory\" impacted US urban contemporary radio stations on January 17, 2012. The melodic hip hop is an emotional homage to Jay-Z's baby girl and wife. Lyrically, \"Glory\" is about the experience and the happiness of becoming a father for the first time. It also","title":"Glory (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"17442075","text":"2013, Jay-Z released a video via the same app of him discussing the song in depth with superproducer Rick Rubin. \"Heaven\" was met with generally positive reviews, with most critics praising it over the hit lead single, another Jay-Z/Justin Timberlake collaboration, \"Holy Grail\". Ian Cohen of \"\"Pitchfork\"\" praised the song as one of the album's strong points, stating, \"Heaven\" is the most thought-provoking spiritual meditation [Jay-Z's] written, and the willful misreading of \"Losing My Religion\" is used to powerful effect. David Weiss of \"Paste\" credited \"Heaven\" for setting off the most interesting section of the album, ending at the Beyoncé-featuring","title":"Heaven (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"10515281","text":"Who's Back?\", and is a possible diss song against Jay-Z. Feelin' It (Jay-Z song) \"Feelin' It\" is the fourth and final single from rapper Jay-Z's debut album \"Reasonable Doubt\". The song features a chorus sung by Mecca and a beat produced by Ski. The song's beat contains a sample from \"Pastures\" by jazz musician Ahmad Jamal. The track was originally meant to be a Camp Lo song, but producer Ski gave it to Jay at the last minute. He describes the situation in an \"XXL Magazine\" article: The chorus of the song was mocked by rapper 50 Cent in his","title":"Feelin' It (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"15045771","text":"of Jay's other solo albums dating back to \"Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life\". Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One is a Greatest Hits album by American rapper Jay-Z it was released on November 22, 2010 by Def Jam Recordings and Roc Nation. Although greatest hits compilations of Jay-Z have been released internationally before, this was the first of its kind to be released in the United States, in which it was released in Standard Edition, Deluxe Edition, and Collector's Edition Box Set as well as a 3-disc deluxe vinyl. The album features four tracks","title":"Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One"},{"psg_id":"15045770","text":"Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One is a Greatest Hits album by American rapper Jay-Z it was released on November 22, 2010 by Def Jam Recordings and Roc Nation. Although greatest hits compilations of Jay-Z have been released internationally before, this was the first of its kind to be released in the United States, in which it was released in Standard Edition, Deluxe Edition, and Collector's Edition Box Set as well as a 3-disc deluxe vinyl. The album features four tracks from \"The Black Album\", three from \"The Blueprint 3\" and one from each","title":"Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One"},{"psg_id":"16208040","text":"A Star Is Born (Jay-Z song) \"A Star Is Born\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Jay-Z from his eleventh studio album \"The Blueprint 3\" (2009). The song, produced by Kanye West, Kenoe and No I.D., features a verse from American rapper J. Cole, Jay-Z's protege and the first artist to be signed to his Roc Nation label. In the song, Jay-Z recognizes rappers who have risen to fame in the last decade, such as Kanye West, Lil Wayne, T.I., Eminem and 50 Cent . Notably, Jay-Z also gives shout-outs to Mobb Deep, Nas and two artists","title":"A Star Is Born (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"1411132","text":"ties to the company date back to 2006, and he received millions of dollars per year for his association with Armand de Brignac before he bought the entire company. In March 2015, Jay-Z completed the $56 million acquisition of Aspiro, a Norwegian media technology company that operates the subscription-based music streaming service Tidal, which has been in operation since October 2014. The music service was acquired through his company Project Panther Bidco Ltd. (an entity indirectly owned by Jay-Z's S. Carter Enterprises a company holding interests in leading international music, media and entertainment companies). The acquisition was completed with the","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"10562676","text":"interview on the BET program \"Food for Thought\" that he hoped the song would be a success like \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" due to their similarities but was surprised when it wasn't, even saying \"I dropped the record and then nothing\". The song did, however, achieve moderate success in the UK reaching #18 on the singles chart. A music video for the song was also released, which was directed by Chris Robinson. Anything (Jay-Z song) \"Anything\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z that is found on Beanie Sigel's 2000 album \"The Truth\". It is produced by Sam Sneed and","title":"Anything (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"4454302","text":"album peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and featured the top ten singles \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" and \"Excuse Me Miss\". \"The Black Album\", released in November 2003, was intended by Jay-Z to be his final studio album and features his impending retirement as a recurring theme. The album performed well commercially and was later certified three times platinum by the RIAA. Following a period of dormancy, Jay-Z became president of Def Jam Recordings in December 2004 and resumed his rap career two years later with the release of \"Kingdom Come\", which peaked at number one on","title":"Jay-Z albums discography"},{"psg_id":"16211739","text":"to Blue Ivy Carter and Knowles, as Jay-Z sings \"You're my child with the child from Destiny's Child.\" Lyrically, it features Jay-Z experiencing the overwhelming joy of fatherhood for the first time, \"The most amazing feeling I feel / Words can't describe what I'm feeling, for real / Baby I'll paint the sky blue / My greatest creation was you.\" Describing Blue as \"the most beautiful thing in this world\", he promises to keep her happy — in contrast to his own troubled childhood, which was marred by the departure of his dad, Adnes Reeves. Jocelyn Vena of MTV News","title":"Glory (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"2480638","text":"200 albums from the 2000s, while Slant Magazine ranked it seventh best on a similar list. In 2012, \"Complex\" named it one of the \"classic\" records of the previous decade. All song samples, writing and production credits are according to the album booklet. Adapted from AllMusic. The Black Album (Jay-Z album) The Black Album is the eighth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z, released on November 14, 2003, by Roc-A-Fella Records. It was advertised as his final album before retiring, which is also a recurring theme throughout the songs, although Jay-Z resumed his recording career in 2006. For the album,","title":"The Black Album (Jay-Z album)"},{"psg_id":"1411119","text":"consumers as free downloads. It debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, making it Jay-Z's 13th consecutive studio album to top the chart. The album spawned two singles, the title track \"4:44\" and \"Bam\", as well as several music videos, directed by a variety of high-profile collaborators. The album received a Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year, while the title track was nominated for Song of the Year and \"The Story of O.J.\" was nominated for Record of the Year at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. On June 6, 2018, Jay-Z and Beyoncé kicked-off the On","title":"Jay-Z"},{"psg_id":"12613145","text":"have told him I'm a fucking rock star\"\" followed by the opening line to the Oasis song \"Wonderwall\". This was a response to a comment made by Oasis guitarist and songwriter Noel Gallagher in April 2008 when he suggested that a hip-hop headline act was wrong for the Glastonbury Festival. This set off a media-fueled storm of controversy. At Glastonbury Jay-Z performed an ironic version of Oasis's \"Wonderwall\". Jay-Z's reactions were reportedly described by an Oasis band member as like that of an eight-year-old girl. When Oasis later split due to a personality clash between Noel and Liam Gallagher, Jay-Z","title":"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)"},{"psg_id":"11417175","text":"released in the UK. I Know (Jay-Z song) \"I Know\" is a song written and performed by American rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Pharrell. Produced by Pharrell's production team The Neptunes, the song was released on November 4, 2007 as the third and final single from Jay-Z's tenth studio album, \"American Gangster\". The music video was leaked to the internet on Yahoo! Music on January 28, 2008. It premiered on Yahoo! on February 26, 2008. The video (directed by Philip Andelman) features Zoë Kravitz playing multiple roles. The director described it as \"a surreal, daydream-like blending of four separate and","title":"I Know (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"11417173","text":"I Know (Jay-Z song) \"I Know\" is a song written and performed by American rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Pharrell. Produced by Pharrell's production team The Neptunes, the song was released on November 4, 2007 as the third and final single from Jay-Z's tenth studio album, \"American Gangster\". The music video was leaked to the internet on Yahoo! Music on January 28, 2008. It premiered on Yahoo! on February 26, 2008. The video (directed by Philip Andelman) features Zoë Kravitz playing multiple roles. The director described it as \"a surreal, daydream-like blending of four separate and unrelated stories, four unique","title":"I Know (Jay-Z song)"},{"psg_id":"19618220","text":"number 5 on the Hot 100 and sold 5 million being one of the biggest hits in both rappers' careers. 2013 saw the release of \"Magna Carta Holy Grail\" and was not promoted by any single but it still went on to selling over 500k and certifying double platinum by the RIAA. It received mixed reviews. Until 2016, he achieved 19 Top 10 singles in US Hot 100 (2 solo plus 17 collaborations) and 15 Top 10 singles in UK Official Charts top 10 (1 solo plus 14 collaborations). Jay-Z singles discography The singles discography of American rapper Jay-Z consists","title":"Jay-Z singles discography"},{"psg_id":"18017822","text":"2014, according to \"Pollstar's\" annual year end tour chart. The show on September 20, 2014, airing on the US television network HBO, following the taping of the two concerts in Paris, France, where the tour concluded. Beyoncé and Jay-Z first collaborated in 2002 on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", a song from Jay-Z's seventh studio album, \"\". Since then, other notable collaborations between the pair include Beyoncé's 2003 number-one song, \"Crazy in Love\" featuring Jay-Z, 2013's \"Part II (On the Run)\" which is widely regarded as the follow up to \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" and \"Drunk in Love\", the couple's collaboration","title":"On the Run Tour (Beyoncé and Jay-Z)"},{"psg_id":"5852550","text":"Smith was awarded with vice president of Def Jam's artist and repertoire. Regardless, he pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct in 2006 in a plea deal that contained no jail time. Unfinished Business (Jay-Z and R. Kelly album) Unfinished Business is the second collaboration album between R&B artist R. Kelly and rapper Jay-Z and was released worldwide on October 26, 2004. It was distributed in the United States and Canada by Jive Records and Island Def Jam Music Group, by the Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) and its subsidiary Jive Records, except in Canada and the United States of America where Island","title":"Unfinished Business (Jay-Z and R. Kelly album)"},{"psg_id":"1411122","text":"Jay-Z uses 'rests' to provide structure to a verse and how he uses 'partial linking' to add more rhymes to a verse. Jay-Z's early style is described by \"Vibe\" as \"a distinctly Das EFX-type, stiggety style\" on his 12\" single \"Can't Get With That\", referring to the fast rhythms and vocal delivery of the group Das EFX. He is also known to write lyrics in his head, as described by Pusha T of Clipse in \"How to Rap\", a style popular with many MCs such as The Notorious B.I.G., Everlast, Bobby Creekwater and Guerilla Black. Shock G of Digital Underground","title":"Jay-Z"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411148\",\n \"text\": \"presidential election, Jay-Z and Beyoncé supported presidential candidate Hillary Clinton at her rally in Cleveland. Clinton praised Jay-Z for addressing racism, oppression, and the criminal justice system. Jay-Z Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969) known professionally as Jay-Z (stylized as JAY-Z), is an American rapper, entrepreneur, songwriter, and record producer. He is one of the most acclaimed rappers of all time. Born and raised in New York City, Jay-Z began his musical career in the mid 1990s, after which he released his debut studio album, \\\"Reasonable Doubt\\\", in 1996, to widespread critical and commercial success. He released the album\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411075\",\n \"text\": \"Jay-Z Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969) known professionally as Jay-Z (stylized as JAY-Z), is an American rapper, entrepreneur, songwriter, and record producer. He is one of the most acclaimed rappers of all time. Born and raised in New York City, Jay-Z began his musical career in the mid 1990s, after which he released his debut studio album, \\\"Reasonable Doubt\\\", in 1996, to widespread critical and commercial success. He released the album a year after founding the record label Roc-A-Fella Records. His subsequent albums have also seen great praise, with \\\"The Blueprint\\\" (2001) and \\\"The Black Album\\\" (2003) later\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411087\",\n \"text\": \"of S. Carter\\\". The album proved successful and sold over 3 million copies. \\\"Vol. 3\\\"'s most successful single was \\\"Big Pimpin\\\", featuring UGK. In 2000, Jay-Z released \\\"\\\", which was originally intended to become a compilation album for Roc-A-Fella artists but Def Jam turned into a Jay-Z album. The album helped to introduce newcomer producers The Neptunes, Just Blaze, Kanye West, and Bink, which have all gone on to achieve notable success. This is also the first album where Jay-Z utilizes a more soulful sound than his previous albums. \\\"The Dynasty\\\" sold over two million units in the U.S. alone.\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411123\",\n \"text\": \"describes Jay-Z's performance style, saying he \\\"rarely breaks a sweat, and instead uses smoothness and clever wordplay to keep the audience interested and entertained\\\". Jay-Z appeared in a 2003 Reebok collection advertising his S. Carter Collection. Jay-Z has also established himself as a successful entrepreneur with a business empire spanning a variety of industries from clothing lines, beverages, real estate, sport teams, and record labels. In an interview, he stated that \\\"my brands are an extension of me. They're close to me. It's not like running GM, where there's no emotional attachment.\\\" Jay-Z and Damon Dash are the founders of\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411128\",\n \"text\": \"David Paterson who awarded the contract said there had to be an affirmative action component to the ownership. Jay-Z initially approached by casino mogul Steve Wynn who was also bidding on the contract. On March 9, 2010, Jay-Z and Flake withdrew from the project and Paterson recused himself from further involvement. On November 16, 2010, Jay-Z published a memoir entitled \\\"Decoded.\\\" In April 2011, it was widely reported that Jay-Z had outbid executives at Universal Records and Jive Records to acquire independent record label Block Starz Music. Jay-Z is also credited as the executive producer of the basketball video game\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411096\",\n \"text\": \"Records and Jay-Z taking control of both of the companies. Reportedly this major industry move was prompted by disagreements between Jay-Z and Dash as to what direction Roc-A-Fella could undertake. The publicized split between Jay-Z, Dash, and Biggs led to the former partners sending jabs at each other in interviews. On October 27, 2005, Jay-Z headlined New York's Power 105.1 annual concert, Powerhouse. The concert was entitled the \\\"I Declare War\\\" concert leading to intense speculation in the weeks preceding the event on whom exactly Jay-Z would declare war. As he had previously \\\"declared war\\\" on other artists taking lyrical\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411112\",\n \"text\": \"R&B, Latin music and dance\\\" musicians. Jay-Z and Rihanna were the two main headlining acts for BBC Radio 1's 2012 Hackney Weekend music festival on June 23 to 24. Jay-Z opened his set with an appearance from Rihanna, they performed \\\"Run this Town\\\". On September 6, \\\"Clique\\\" was released, a single from the album \\\"Cruel Summer\\\", by GOOD Music. Kanye West and Big Sean starred alongside Jay-Z on the track. Jay-Z took the subway to his sold out show at The Barclays Center on October 6, 2012. On November 12, 2012, Coldplay announced that they will be playing with Jay-Z\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411106\",\n \"text\": \"for the very first time, then performed \\\"Run This Town\\\" with Jay-Z. Among his success, Jay-Z has ventured into producing Broadway shows. Along with Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith, Jay-Z helped produced the play \\\"Fela!\\\", a musical celebrating the work of the late Nigerian star Fela Kuti. Jay-Z said he was inspired by the power of Kuti's work and his life story, which resulted in his interest to help produce the musical. \\\"Fela!\\\" is a story about an African pioneer and political activist who made his first moves on the scene during the 1970s. On January 23, 2010, Jay-Z\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411145\",\n \"text\": \"a song that \\\"the greatest form of giving is anonymous to anonymous\\\" and, in 2013, it was revealed by author dream hampton, who co-wrote Jay-Z's book \\\"Decoded\\\", that he quietly established a trust fund for Sean Bell's children. In 2006, Jay-Z appeared with Russell Simmons in a PSA combatting racism and anti-Semitism organized by the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding. By 2008, Jay-Z was actively involved in the 2008 presidential campaign, where he supported increased voter participation and helped send voters to polling stations. He was an early supporter for the candidacy of Illinois senator and subsequent U.S. president Barack Obama,\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411095\",\n \"text\": \"on to win a Grammy for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration, and was performed with Linkin Park live at the Grammys, with a special appearance by Paul McCartney, who added verses from the song \\\"Yesterday\\\". The EP sold over 1 million copies in the US. Jay-Z was the executive producer of \\\"The Rising Tied\\\", the debut album of Fort Minor, the hip hop side project of Linkin Park rapper Mike Shinoda. Jay-Z also planned to retire in 2004. Later in 2004, Jay-Z was named president of Def Jam Records, which led to Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs selling their remaining interests in Roc-A-Fella\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411101\",\n \"text\": \"School professor Rawi Abdelal called this a \\\"turning point in American pop culture's response to globalization.\\\" The album has sold 1 million copies in the US. On January 1, 2008, Jay-Z resigned as president of Def Jam. In the winter of 2008 it was announced that Jay-Z become the first major hip hop artist to headline Britain's 2008 Glastonbury Festival. Tickets sold out quickly. Former headliner Noel Gallagher of Oasis condemned the festival organizers for choosing Jay-Z to headline a traditionally guitar-driven festival. \\\"I'm sorry, but Jay-Z?\\\" Gallagher asked, swearing. \\\"No chance. Glastonbury has a tradition of, kind of, guitar\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411098\",\n \"text\": \"in this show was closure to the infamous hip hop rivalry between Jay-Z and Nas. The two former rivals shook hands and shared the stage together to perform Jay-Z's \\\"Dead presidents\\\" blended with Nas's song \\\"The World is Yours\\\". Jay-Z returned with his comeback album on November 21, 2006, titled \\\"Kingdom Come\\\". Jay-Z's comeback single, \\\"Show Me What You Got\\\", was leaked on the Internet in early October 2006, scheduled to be released later on that month, received heavy air-play after its leak, causing the FBI to step in and investigate. Jay-Z worked with video director Hype Williams, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411144\",\n \"text\": \"by Bono from the rock group U2. The effort took place in partnership with the UN, as well as MTV, which produced a documentary entitled \\\"Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life\\\", first airing in November 2006. Along with Sean \\\"Diddy\\\" Combs, Jay-Z pledged $1 million to the American Red Cross' relief effort after Hurricane Katrina. Jay-Z stated his support for Kanye West after the latter's outburst against President Bush during a live Katrina charity telethon. He also addressed the issue of the Katrina disaster, and the government's response, in his one verse song \\\"Minority Report\\\". Jay-Z has previously stated in\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411111\",\n \"text\": \"is curated based on Jay-Z's interests, and he himself works with a small staff to produce every single piece of content. Jay-Z collaborated with M.I.A on her single \\\"XXXO\\\", which achieved a fair level of success and went on to become remixed by several producers worldwide. In May 2012, Jay-Z and Philadelphia Mayor Michael A. Nutter announced Jay-Z as the curator and the headliner for the first annual \\\"Budweiser Made in America\\\" festival at Fairmount Park in Philadelphia on September 1 and 2, 2012. The performance was produced by Live Nation and assembled an eclectic lineup of \\\"rock, hip hop,\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411086\",\n \"text\": \"Charting hits from this album included \\\"Can I Get A...\\\", featuring Ja Rule and Amil, and \\\"Nigga What, Nigga Who\\\", also featuring Amil. \\\"Vol. 2\\\" would eventually become Jay-Z's most commercially successful album; it was certified 5× Platinum in the United States and has to date sold over five million copies. The album went on to win a Grammy Award, although Jay-Z boycotted the ceremony protesting DMX's failure to garner a Grammy nomination. In 1999, Jay-Z dueted with Mariah Carey on \\\"Heartbreaker\\\", a song from her seventh album, \\\"Rainbow\\\". In that same year, Jay-Z released \\\"Vol. 3... Life and Times\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411129\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"NBA 2K13\\\", where he worked on the look and feel of the game along with its soundtrack. On April 2, 2013, ESPN Jay-Z launched his own sports agency, Roc Nation Sports, with a focus on the representations of various professional athletes. The sport management group will work as partners with Creative Artists Agency. In conjunction with the agency's launch, New York Yankees's second baseman Robinson Canó left agent Scott Boras to sign with the company. Sources have mentioned that Jay-Z himself is planning to be a certified sports agent, first in baseball and eventually in basketball and football. In order\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411082\",\n \"text\": \"out Jay-Z and Positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage.\\\" The young Jay-Z appeared on a popular song by Big L, \\\"Da Graveyard\\\", and on Mic Geronimo's \\\"Time to Build\\\", which also featured early appearances by DMX and Ja Rule in 1995. His first official rap single was called \\\"In My Lifetime\\\", for which he released a music video. An unreleased music video was also produced for the B-side \\\"I Can't Get with That.\\\" With no major label to give him a record deal, Jay-Z sold CDs out of his car and, with Damon\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13538586\",\n \"text\": \"seem to be enjoying herself. The newspaper also gave Jay-Z a positive review saying that his set was exciting and kept the audience very hyped. They also continued saying he interacted with audience very well. Jay-Z & Ciara Live Jay-Z & Ciara Live (also known as Jay-Z Live with Special Guest Ciara), was a 2009 summer concert tour headlined by rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Ciara. The tour was in support of both artists' new albums, \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\" and \\\"Fantasy Ride\\\". The six city United States tour took place from July 2 to July 12, 2009. The tour was\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z & Ciara Live\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411114\",\n \"text\": \"beats. I sent him my favorite stuff. He hit me right back like, 'Yo, I'ma go in on this,' or, 'I like this.'\\\" The album has been named one of the most anticipated albums of 2013 by \\\"Complex Magazine\\\", MTV, and \\\"XXL Magazine\\\". Production will come from Jahlil Beats, Kanye West, Rick Rubin, Swizz Beatz, Timbaland, and Pharrell Williams. Jay-Z also made an appearance on Justin Timberlake's comeback single \\\"Suit & Tie\\\" from his third studio album \\\"The 20/20 Experience\\\", the song itself was produced by both Jay-Z and Timberlake's mutual friend, Timbaland. Timberlake and Jay-Z embarked on the co-headlining\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17442072\",\n \"text\": \"Heaven (Jay-Z song) \\\"Heaven\\\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z for his twelfth studio album \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\" (2013), featuring American recording artist Justin Timberlake. The song was written by Jay-Z, Timberlake, The-Dream, R.E.M., Adrian Younge, Timbaland, and J-Roc, while the production was handled by the latter two. During the song, Jay-Z touches on subjects of religious allegory and an interrogation of organized religion. The song has since peaked at number 10 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles. On \\\"Heaven\\\", Jay-Z questions the meaning of religion and once again shoots down rumors that he is\",\n \"title\": \"Heaven (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13823241\",\n \"text\": \"Jay-Z Fall Tour The Jay-Z Fall Tour 2009 was a concert tour by American rapper Jay-Z in support of his eleventh studio album \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\". The routing took the rap mogul to 18 cities in the U.S. and 7 in Canada, kicking off with a 9/11 benefit concert on September 9 in New York City and ending in Austin, Texas on November 22. It was announced in November 2009 that dates would be added for 2010, with Trey Songz and Young Jeezy joining Jay-Z as opening acts. The Jay-Z Fall Tour and its 2010 leg have also been referred\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z Fall Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10837914\",\n \"text\": \"Renegade (Jay-Z song) \\\"Renegade\\\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z, which appears as the 12th track on his sixth album \\\"The Blueprint\\\". The song is written by Jay-Z, Eminem, and Luis Resto and produced by and features Eminem, who is the only guest appearance on the album with rap verses. It was originally a collaboration between Eminem and Royce da 5'9\\\" as part of the Bad Meets Evil series, but Royce was later replaced by Jay-Z. The original can be found on mixtapes and has been leaked onto the internet. The Jay-Z version of the song, released in 2001 as\",\n \"title\": \"Renegade (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411146\",\n \"text\": \"performing for free in voter-drive concerts financed by the Democrats' campaign. He also became acquainted with Obama himself, who stated \\\"Every time I talk to Jay-Z, who is a brilliant talent and a good guy, I enjoy how he thinks. That's somebody who is going to start branching out and can help shape attitudes in a real positive way.\\\" During the 2010 mid-term elections' campaign, Jay-Z appeared, along with other artists, in an ad prepared by the HeadCount organization, urging voters, and especially younger ones, to register and vote. In May 2012, Jay-Z announced his endorsement of President Obama's support\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411094\",\n \"text\": \"by Voletta Wallace and Afeni Shakur, the mothers of The Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur respectively. While Jay-Z had attested to a retirement from making new studio albums, various side projects and appearances soon followed. Included in these were a greatest hits record, as well as the release and tour of \\\"Unfinished Business\\\", the second collaborative album between Jay-Z and R. Kelly. In 2004, Jay-Z collaborated with rock group Linkin Park, in which they released their collaborative remix EP \\\"Collision Course\\\", which featured mashups of both artists' songs, as well as a concert DVD. The album's only single, \\\"Numb/Encore\\\", went\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13538584\",\n \"text\": \"Jay-Z & Ciara Live Jay-Z & Ciara Live (also known as Jay-Z Live with Special Guest Ciara), was a 2009 summer concert tour headlined by rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Ciara. The tour was in support of both artists' new albums, \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\" and \\\"Fantasy Ride\\\". The six city United States tour took place from July 2 to July 12, 2009. The tour was originally scheduled to have ten dates, but this was later changed to six. The opening act for the tour was rapper Fabolous. Ciara did not appear at the first tour date for an unknown reason,\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z & Ciara Live\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411100\",\n \"text\": \"The album is not the film's official soundtrack, although it was distributed by Def Jam. Jay-Z's \\\"American Gangster\\\" depicts his life in correlation to the movie \\\"American Gangster\\\". At the start of the album's first single, \\\"Blue Magic\\\", Jay-Z offers a dealer's manifesto while making references to political figures of the late 1980s with the lyric: \\\"Blame Reagan for making me to into a monster, blame Oliver North and Iran-Contra, I ran contraband that they sponsored, before this rhymin' stuff we was in concert.\\\" Also notable about the \\\"Blue Magic\\\" music video was Jay-Z flashing €500 euro notes; Harvard Business\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17442077\",\n \"text\": \"but shortly falls back on his lavish lifestyle, using Maybachs and Lamborghinis as metaphors for angels.\\\" In a negative review, Colin McGuire of \\\"PopMatters\\\" called the R.E.M. sample awkward and cheesy. Mike Diver of \\\"Clash\\\" also discredited Jay-Z for not taking advantage of the \\\"rich imagery\\\" of the R.E.M. sample. Heaven (Jay-Z song) \\\"Heaven\\\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z for his twelfth studio album \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\" (2013), featuring American recording artist Justin Timberlake. The song was written by Jay-Z, Timberlake, The-Dream, R.E.M., Adrian Younge, Timbaland, and J-Roc, while the production was handled by the latter\",\n \"title\": \"Heaven (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411090\",\n \"text\": \"in the industry. \\\"The Blueprint\\\" includes the popular songs \\\"Izzo (H.O.V.A.)\\\", \\\"Girls, Girls, Girls\\\", \\\"Jigga That Nigga\\\", and \\\"Song Cry\\\". , the album had sold 2,700,000 copies worldwide, even though its initial success had been overshadowed by the tragic events of 9/11. In October 2001, Jay-Z pleaded guilty to stabbing record producer Lance Rivera at the Kit Kat Klub in New York City in 1999. For this second degree felony, Jay-Z was sentenced to three years probation. Jay-Z's next solo album was 2002's \\\"\\\", a double-album. The album debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 at number one, selling over 3 million\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4454304\",\n \"text\": \"album \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\" was released in July 2013 to great commercial success, topping the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and having the second-biggest sales week for 2013 at the time of its release. Jay-Z albums discography American rapper Jay-Z has released thirteen solo studio albums, four collaboration albums, one live album, five compilation albums, one soundtrack album, two extended plays, one hundred and fifteen singles (including forty-five as a featured artist), nine promotional singles and eighty-two music videos. As of December 2014, Jay-Z sold 55 million studio albums worldwide. Jay-Z began his music career in the 1980s, building a reputation as\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z albums discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411139\",\n \"text\": \"became the youngest person ever to appear on a \\\"Billboard\\\" chart when \\\"Glory\\\" debuted on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at number 74. On June 18, 2017, Beyoncé's father Mathew Knowles confirmed that she had given birth to twins with Jay-Z, a daughter, Rumi, and a son, Sir. On December 1, 1999, Jay-Z, who had come to believe that record executive Lance \\\"Un\\\" Rivera was behind the bootlegging of \\\"Vol. 3...\\\", allegedly stabbed Rivera at the release party for Q-Tip's album \\\"Amplified\\\" at the Kit Kat Klub, a now-defunct night club in Times Square, New York City. Jay-Z's associates at the party\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411097\",\n \"text\": \"shots at him at other events, many believed that the Powerhouse show would represent an all-out assault by Jay-Z upon his rivals. The theme of the concert was Jay-Z's position as President and CEO of Def Jam, complete with an on-stage mock-up of the Oval Office. Many artists made appearances such as the old roster of Roc-A-Fella records artists, as well as Ne-Yo, Teairra Marí, T.I., Young Jeezy, Akon, Kanye West, Paul Wall, The LOX, and Diddy. At the conclusion of the concert, Jay-Z put many arguments to rest to the surprise of hip hop fans. The most significant development\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8759248\",\n \"text\": \"Kingdom Come (Jay-Z album) Kingdom Come is the ninth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released on November 21, 2006, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. It was considered a \\\"comeback album\\\" for the rapper, as 2003's \\\"The Black Album\\\" was promoted as his final release. \\\"Kingdom Come\\\" received generally lukewarm reviews but was a commercial success, selling 680,000 copies in its first week, while earning Jay-Z a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Album. \\\"Kingdom Come\\\" was the first Jay-Z album released since 2003's \\\"The Black Album\\\", which had been widely hyped as Jay-Z's \\\"retirement\\\" album.\",\n \"title\": \"Kingdom Come (Jay-Z album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9465287\",\n \"text\": \"shown and music videos from her \\\"B'Day Anthology\\\" were comprised together. The video also shows video clips of Beyoncé behind the scenes of photo shoots and commercials and red carpet events with fans. \\\"Welcome to Hollywood\\\" was included as the 31st track on Knowles' live album, \\\"The Beyoncé Experience Live\\\" (2007). Hollywood (Jay-Z song) \\\"Hollywood\\\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jay Z for his ninth studio album, \\\"Kingdom Come\\\" (2006). It features Jay Z's now-wife, American recording artist Beyoncé, and was released as a single in the US on January 23, 2007. Jay Z co-wrote the song\",\n \"title\": \"Hollywood (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9465279\",\n \"text\": \"Hollywood (Jay-Z song) \\\"Hollywood\\\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Jay Z for his ninth studio album, \\\"Kingdom Come\\\" (2006). It features Jay Z's now-wife, American recording artist Beyoncé, and was released as a single in the US on January 23, 2007. Jay Z co-wrote the song with its producers Ne-Yo and Reggie \\\"Syience\\\" Perry. \\\"Hollywood\\\" is a disco-influenced R&B song with lyrics that detail the tiredness music stars, working in the American cinema industry, sometimes feel. The song was well received by music critics who praised its musical arrangement as well as the guest vocals by Knowles.\",\n \"title\": \"Hollywood (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10837915\",\n \"text\": \"featured on \\\"The Blueprint\\\", was later included as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of Eminem's 2005 greatest hits album, \\\"\\\". The song is referenced by rapper Nas on his famous diss record Ether made during their highly publicized feud. Nas says to Jay-Z that \\\"Eminem murdered you on your own shit;\\\" stating that he felt Eminem outperformed Jay-Z on Jay's own song. Years later Jay admitted the Nas claim in \\\"A Star Is Born\\\". Nas and Jay-Z had both contributed to the soundtrack of Eminem's 2002 film \\\"8 Mile\\\", with Nas' contribution, \\\"U Wanna Be Me\\\", being a\",\n \"title\": \"Renegade (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411109\",\n \"text\": \"was the second single \\\"Otis\\\", which premiered on Funkmaster Flex's Hot 97 radio show, and was later released to the iTunes Store eleven days later. The song's existence, along with several other tracks from the album, was confirmed during a listening session hosted by Jay-Z. The album was first released on the iTunes Store, five days prior to it being released in physical format, a strategy Jay-Z later said was used to block an internet leak. It debuted at No. 1 on the iTunes Store in 23 countries. It also broke Coldplay's record for most albums sold in one week\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411084\",\n \"text\": \"his follow-up \\\"In My Lifetime, Vol. 1.\\\" Produced by Sean \\\"Puff Daddy\\\" Combs, it sold better than his previous effort. Jay-Z later explained that the album was made during one of the worst periods of his life when he was reeling from the death of his close friend, The Notorious B.I.G. The album was a personal revelation for Jay-Z as he told the stories of his difficult upbringing. The album's glossy production stood as a contrast to his first release, and some dedicated fans felt he had \\\"sold out.\\\" However, the album did feature some beats from producers who had\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17438259\",\n \"text\": \"Oceans (Jay-Z song) \\\"Oceans\\\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z recorded for his twelfth studio album \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\". The song features American singer Frank Ocean and was produced by Pharrell Williams, with additional production from Timbaland. The song has peaked at number 83 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Oceans\\\", along with another song from \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\" titled \\\"Holy Grail\\\" were recorded in 2011 during the recording sessions for Jay-Z's collaborative album with Kanye West, \\\"Watch the Throne\\\". West wanted the two songs to appear on \\\"Watch the Throne,\\\" but Jay-Z chose to keep them\",\n \"title\": \"Oceans (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10562675\",\n \"text\": \"Anything (Jay-Z song) \\\"Anything\\\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z that is found on Beanie Sigel's 2000 album \\\"The Truth\\\". It is produced by Sam Sneed and P. Skam, who sample Lionel Bart's \\\"I'll Do Anything\\\" for the track's beat and chorus. The sample from \\\"Oliver!\\\" heavily popularized \\\"Anything\\\", as did the \\\"Annie\\\" sample on \\\"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\\\", \\\"Anything\\\" was also a bonus track on Jay-Z's album \\\"Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter\\\" (UK/Europe edition) as is \\\"Anything (Mr. Drunk Mix)\\\" on the Japanese version of the album. Jay-Z admitted to Angie Martinez in a 2009\",\n \"title\": \"Anything (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8759249\",\n \"text\": \"The video for that album's hit single \\\"99 Problems\\\" had ended with Jay-Z going down in a hail of gunfire. Jay-Z stated in interviews that that scene represented the \\\"death\\\" of Jay-Z and the \\\"rebirth\\\" of Shawn Carter. Because of this, Jay-Z had originally planned to release \\\"Kingdom Come\\\" under his real name of Shawn Carter, but decided in the end to release it under his more-famous stage name Jay-Z. The album's second single, \\\"Lost One\\\" (produced by Dr. Dre) addresses Jay's split with Roc-A-Fella co-founder Damon Dash, the death of his nephew, and supposedly his relationship with singer Beyoncé.\",\n \"title\": \"Kingdom Come (Jay-Z album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411115\",\n \"text\": \"Legends of the Summer Stadium Tour. During the fifth game of the 2013 NBA Finals, Carter announced his twelfth studio album, \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\", and was released on July 4, 2013. Not long after, Jay-Z confirmed that the hyphen in his stage name would be left out and officially stylized in all capital letters Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week, which bypassed its predicted debut in the range of 350,000 to 400,000. In December 2013, it was announced that Jay-Z had received nine nominations at\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411107\",\n \"text\": \"released a track, \\\"Stranded (Haiti Mon Amour)\\\", with Rihanna, and U2's Bono and The Edge, as well as performing it at the Hope For Haiti Now telethon. In June 2010, Eminem and Jay-Z announced they would perform together in a pair of concerts in Detroit and New York. The event was dubbed The Home & Home Tour. The first two concerts rapidly sold out, prompting the scheduling of an additional show at each venue. Jay-Z was the supporting act for U2 on the Australian and New Zealand leg of their U2 360° Tour, beginning in Auckland, New Zealand, in November\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12613143\",\n \"text\": \"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh) \\\"Jockin' Jay-Z\\\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z, produced by Kanye West. Originally intended for inclusion on his eleventh studio album \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\", the song didn't make the final track listing and remained a digital-only single until it was included as a b-side on various releases of the \\\"Empire State of Mind\\\" single. It samples \\\"Dumb Girl\\\" by Run-D.M.C. and first leaked on the internet in July 2008 – but with low quality sound. The mastered version was released in August 2008. Jay-Z debuted the song at a Kanye West show at Madison Square\",\n \"title\": \"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411099\",\n \"text\": \"single's video was directed by F. Gary Gray. The album features production from Just Blaze, Pharrell, Kanye West, Dr. Dre and Coldplay's Chris Martin (single entitled \\\"Beach Chair\\\"). The first week saw 680,000 sales of the CD, which \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" said was \\\"the highest single-week total in Jay's decade long career\\\". This album has sold 2 million copies in the US. Jay-Z released his tenth album entitled \\\"American Gangster\\\" on November 6, 2007. After viewing the Ridley Scott film of the same name, Jay-Z was heavily inspired to create a new \\\"concept\\\" album that depicts his experiences as a street-hustler.\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411134\",\n \"text\": \"cologne's failure is due to Jay-Z not doing social media posts and interviews about the cologne. Parlux claims they projected selling $15 million the first year, and $35 million the second, and subsequent years after the launch. The fragrance sold $14 million the first year and $6.1 million the second. Parlux supposedly lost money on the venture and have had constant returns of unsold inventory. In July 2015, Carter made a significant investment to JetSmarter, an app helping people book private executive plane flights. The app was built by Sergey Petrossov. Jay-Z collaborated with Cohiba to launch his own cigars.\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411110\",\n \"text\": \"on the online retailer, selling 290,000 copies on iTunes alone. It held that record, until Lil Wayne's \\\"Tha Carter IV\\\" was released twenty-one days later, selling only 10,000 copies more. It debuted on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart at No. 1, selling 436,000 copies in its first week. The album received generally positive reviews. Jay-Z and West later gave a surprise performance of \\\"Otis\\\" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. In April 2011, Jay-Z launched a blog-like, lifestyle website by the name of Life + Times. It covers everything from music, to fashion, to technology, to sports. The site\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411081\",\n \"text\": \"in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including \\\"The Originators\\\" and \\\"Hawaiian Sophie.\\\" Jay-Z became embroiled in several battles with rapper LL Cool J in the early 1990s. He first became known to a wide audience on the posse cut \\\"Show and Prove\\\" on the 1994 Big Daddy Kane album \\\"Daddy's Home.\\\" Jay-Z has been referred to as Big Daddy Kane's hype man during this period, although Kane explains that he didn't fill the traditional hype man role, and was instead \\\"basically ma[king] cameo appearances on stage. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411125\",\n \"text\": \"was closed down and bought back by the hotel after attendance steadily declined. In 2005, Jay-Z became an investor in Carol's Daughter, a line of beauty products, including products for hair, skin, and hands. In September 2013, his stake in Barclays Center was sold for $1.5 million. Jay-Z serves as co-brand director for Budweiser Select and collaborates with the company on strategic marketing programs and creative ad development. He provides direction on brand programs and ads that appear on TV, radio, print, and high-profile events. He is also yet to expand his 40/40 Club sports bar in as many as\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17442074\",\n \"text\": \"and spiritual themes. Throughout the song he ponders faith, superstition and free thinking. The songs features Jay-Z rapping a lyric of rock band R.E.M.'s 1991 single \\\"Losing My Religion\\\". Following the album's release, former frontman of R.E.M. Michael Stipe told \\\"NME\\\" that he was \\\"thrilled\\\" and that it was a \\\"great honor\\\" that Jay-Z included the lyrics in one of his songs. On June 25, 2013, \\\"Heaven\\\" became the second song from \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\" (after the lead single \\\"Holy Grail\\\") to have its partial lyrics revealed by the JAY Z MAGNA CARTA App via Samsung. On June 27,\",\n \"title\": \"Heaven (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5852532\",\n \"text\": \"where R. Kelly was accused of erratic behavior and was pepper sprayed by a Jay-Z associate. Jay-Z and the tour promoter then banned R. Kelly from the tour claiming \\\"lack of professionalism\\\". R. Kelly responded by suing his co-act and touring company for $75 million for breach of contract, among other things, on November 2. \\\"Unfinished Business\\\" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 1 for selling more than 1,000,000 copies in the US. R. Kelly appeared on Jay-Z's \\\"Guilty Until Proven Innocent\\\". In 2001, Jay-Z was featured on R. Kelly's popular single \\\"Fiesta\",\n \"title\": \"Unfinished Business (Jay-Z and R. Kelly album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411135\",\n \"text\": \"In 2016, he signed a two-year exclusive film and TV Deal with Weinstein Company and with the deal gives them first-look options to create scripted and unscripted TV projects and film projects, and those projects were in works. As part of his deal with Weinstein company, he produced a documentary series on the life of Kalief Browder who was imprisoned for three years and committed suicide upon his release. He also addressed racial profiling and police brutality in a conscious manner. Jay-Z is married to American R&B singer Beyoncé. In 2002, Jay-Z and Beyoncé collaborated for the song \\\"'03 Bonnie\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411133\",\n \"text\": \"help of Mooreland Partners, a leading global technology-focused M&A advisory firm, which acted as financial advisor to Aspiro. The music service combines lossless audio and high definition music videos with curated editorial. The main idea of the service is to bring major revenue streams back to the music artists themselves as the idea of an artist-owned streaming platform was stated as to \\\"restore the value to music by launching a service owned by artists.\\\" Jay-Z currently is a major shareholder in the company. Parlux fragrances sued Jay-Z for $18 million for the failure of his cologne, \\\"Gold\\\". They claim the\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411127\",\n \"text\": \"called J Hotels which recently acquired a $66 million mid-block parcel in Chelsea, New York. Jay-Z and his partners are contemplating constructing a high-end hotel or an art gallery building on the newly acquired site which has the potential to go up about twelve stories. Through his conglomerate company Gain Global Investments Network LLC, he had an interest estimated between 2 and 7% in the Aqueduct Entertainment Group (AEG) consortium, which in January 2010 was awarded a contract to operate a 4,500 slot machine racino at the Aqueduct Race Track. Jay-Z became interested in the project after New York Governor\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411124\",\n \"text\": \"the urban clothing brand Rocawear. Rocawear has clothing lines and accessories for men, women and children. The line was taken over by Jay-Z in early 2006 following a falling out with Dash. In March 2007, Jay-Z sold the rights to the Rocawear brand to Iconix Brand Group, for $204 million. He retains his stake in the company and continues to oversee the marketing, licensing and product development. He also co-owns the 40/40 Club, an upscale sports bar that started in New York City and has since expanded to Atlantic City and Chicago. In 2008, the 40/40 club in Las Vegas\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411103\",\n \"text\": \"Glastonbury set with a tongue-in-cheek cover of Oasis's iconic song \\\"Wonderwall\\\", and went on to deliver a performance heralded as a successful response to pre-festival criticism. He also headlined many other summer festivals in 2008, including Roskilde Festival in Denmark, Hove Festival in Norway and O2 Wireless Festival in London. During Kanye West's concert of August 6, 2008 at Madison Square Garden, Jay-Z came out to perform a new song and he and Kanye proclaimed that it was to be on \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\". On May 21, 2009, Jay-Z announced he would be parting ways with Def Jam, and had\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411083\",\n \"text\": \"Dash and Kareem Biggs, created Roc-A-Fella Records as an independent label in 1995. After striking a distribution deal with Priority, Jay-Z released his 1996 debut album \\\"Reasonable Doubt\\\" with beats from acclaimed producers such as DJ Premier and Super DJ Clark Kent and an appearance by The Notorious B.I.G.. The album reached number 23 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, and was generally favored by critics. This album would later be included in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"'s \\\"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\\\" as No. 248 and eventually reach platinum status. After reaching a new distribution deal with Def Jam in 1997, Jay-Z released\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411080\",\n \"text\": \"School in Trenton, New Jersey, though he did not graduate. According to his interviews and lyrics, during this period he sold crack cocaine and was shot at three times. According to his mother, Carter used to wake up his siblings at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table. She bought him a boom box for his birthday, sparking his interest in music. He began freestyling and writing lyrics. Known as \\\"Jazzy\\\" around the neighborhood, Carter later adopted the showbiz/stage name \\\"Jay-Z\\\" in homage to his mentor Jaz-O. Jay-Z can be briefly heard on several of Jaz-O's early recordings\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13823242\",\n \"text\": \"to as The Blueprint 3 Tour. Cancelled dates The following dates have been canceled by tour promoter Live Nation, due to \\\"an unforeseen scheduling conflict.\\\" Jay-Z Fall Tour The Jay-Z Fall Tour 2009 was a concert tour by American rapper Jay-Z in support of his eleventh studio album \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\". The routing took the rap mogul to 18 cities in the U.S. and 7 in Canada, kicking off with a 9/11 benefit concert on September 9 in New York City and ending in Austin, Texas on November 22. It was announced in November 2009 that dates would be added\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z Fall Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10837918\",\n \"text\": \"was used as a demo verse for Eminem's verse on the song \\\"Dead Wrong\\\". Both of his verses are to state that Eminem and he are liable to kill if the need is felt. Ultimately, both Jay-Z (or Royce da 5'9\\\") and Eminem use the hook to say that, while they may face public disapproval for different reasons, they will not change their behavior and have \\\"never been afraid to talk about anything\\\". Renegade (Jay-Z song) \\\"Renegade\\\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z, which appears as the 12th track on his sixth album \\\"The Blueprint\\\". The song is written by\",\n \"title\": \"Renegade (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9465286\",\n \"text\": \"2007 deluxe edition of Beyoncé's \\\"B'Day\\\" (2006) with Knowles on lead under the title \\\"Welcome to Hollywood\\\". All of Jay Z's rap verses were removed and replaced with Beyoncé's hook of the original songs. Jay Z's outro verse was also re-recorded by Beyoncé as well. The chorus still features Jay Z in the background. This version was included on Knowles' 2007 live album, \\\"The Beyoncé Experience\\\". A karaoke version of \\\"Welcome to Hollywood\\\" was later included on Knowles' 2008 album, \\\"Beyoncé Karaoke Hits, Vol I\\\". A video interlude was recorded for The Beyoncé Experience tour where clips of Knowles were\",\n \"title\": \"Hollywood (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411136\",\n \"text\": \"& Clyde\\\". Jay-Z also appeared on Beyoncé's hit single \\\"Crazy in Love\\\" as well as \\\"That's How You Like It\\\" from her debut album \\\"Dangerously in Love\\\". On her second album, \\\"B'Day\\\", he made appearances on the 2006 hits, \\\"Déjà Vu\\\" and \\\"Upgrade U\\\". In the video for the latter song, she comically imitates his appearance. The couple generally avoids discussing their relationship. Beyoncé has stated that she believes that not publicly discussing their relationship has helped them. Jay-Z said in a \\\"People\\\" article, \\\"We don't play with our relationship.\\\" They kept a low profile while dating, and married in\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411093\",\n \"text\": \"sold more than 3 million copies in the US. Jay-Z collaborated with R. Kelly and released a collaborative studio album, \\\"The Best of Both Worlds\\\". On November 25, 2003, Jay-Z held a concert—billed as a \\\"retirement party\\\" at Madison Square Garden in New York City, which would later be the focus of his film \\\"Fade to Black\\\". All proceeds went to charity. Other performers included collaborators like the Roots (in the form of his backing band), Missy Elliott, Memphis Bleek, Beanie Siegel, Freeway, Mary J. Blige, Beyoncé, Twista, Ghostface Killah, Foxy Brown, Pharrell Williams and R. Kelly with special appearances\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411088\",\n \"text\": \"In 2001, with Tupac Shakur, Snoop Dogg, and Death Row Records. He later performed the song \\\"Takeover\\\", at Summer Jam 2001, which initially attacked Prodigy and revealed photos of Prodigy dressed like Michael Jackson. A line at the end of \\\"Takeover\\\" referred to Nas, who criticized him on \\\"We Will Survive\\\". Nas responded with a diss track called \\\"Ether\\\" and Jay-Z straightaway added a verse to \\\"Takeover\\\" which dissed Nas and would start a feud between the two rappers. The feud had ended by 2005, Jay-Z stated Mark Pitts had helped them settle the feud. On September 11, 2001, hours\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17410522\",\n \"text\": \"Courtney Love, who owns the rights to the original song. In an interview with BBC Radio 1, Jay-Z stated that \\\"Holy Grail\\\" was \\\"the map for the album\\\" and that it set the tone for the rest of \\\"MCHG\\\". When the song was first recorded for \\\"Watch the Throne\\\", Jay-Z thought it would get lost on the album and decided to keep it as the \\\"center piece\\\" for his next album. The song's lyrics can be interpreted as Jay-Z's and Timberlake's love-hate relationship with fame. On August 2, 2013, Jay-Z revealed to Power 106 that he and fellow tour mate\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Grail (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411143\",\n \"text\": \"that again. During his retirement, Jay-Z also became involved in philanthropic activity. In 2003, Jay-Z, together with his mother, founded The Shawn Carter Foundation, which has assisted eligible students facing socio-economic hardships through college. On August 9, 2006, he met with United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan at the organization's headquarters in New York City. The rapper pledged to use his upcoming world tour to raise awareness of and combat global water shortage. Already on the look-out for a way to, in his own words, \\\"become helpful\\\", he had been made aware of this issue during a visit to Africa\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411102\",\n \"text\": \"music, do you know what I mean? And even when they throw the odd curve balls in on a Sunday night—you go, 'Kylie Minogue? I don't know about that', do you know what I mean?—but I'm not having hip hop at Glastonbury, no way, no, no. It's wrong.\\\" As controversy mounted, Jay-Z replied, \\\"We don't play guitars, Noel, but hip hop has put in its work like any other form of music. This headline show is just a natural progression. Rap music is still evolving. We have to respect each other's genre of music and move forward.\\\" Jay-Z opened his\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411077\",\n \"text\": \"Sports. As a member of Roc Nation Sports, Jay-Z is a licensed sports agent. His heavily publicized marriage to singer Beyoncé in 2008 has made him a global figure in popular culture. As a couple, they have an estimated combined net worth of $1.16 billion, with his individual net worth of $900 million making him the richest hip hop artist in the world. Jay-Z is one of the world's best-selling music artists. He has received 21 Grammy Awards, tied with Kanye West for the most by a rapper. He also holds the record for the most number-one albums by a\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480631\",\n \"text\": \"The Black Album (Jay-Z album) The Black Album is the eighth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z, released on November 14, 2003, by Roc-A-Fella Records. It was advertised as his final album before retiring, which is also a recurring theme throughout the songs, although Jay-Z resumed his recording career in 2006. For the album, Jay-Z wanted to enlist a different producer for each song, working with Just Blaze, Kanye West, The Neptunes, DJ Quik, Timbaland, 9th Wonder and Rick Rubin, among others. When \\\"The Black Album\\\" was released, it received widespread acclaim from critics. In its first week, the album\",\n \"title\": \"The Black Album (Jay-Z album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12613146\",\n \"text\": \"scored a point back by suggesting he would like to work with Liam. The song was later remixed by blink-182 drummer Travis Barker, who frequently remixes hip-hop songs by adding his drumming into the song. Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh) \\\"Jockin' Jay-Z\\\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z, produced by Kanye West. Originally intended for inclusion on his eleventh studio album \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\", the song didn't make the final track listing and remained a digital-only single until it was included as a b-side on various releases of the \\\"Empire State of Mind\\\" single. It samples \\\"Dumb Girl\\\" by Run-D.M.C.\",\n \"title\": \"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9393942\",\n \"text\": \"Encore (Jay-Z song) \\\"\\\"Encore\\\" is a song from Jay-Z's \\\"The Black Album\\\". It features guest vocals by John Legend, Don Crawley, GLC and Kanye West. The song was released by Roc-A-Fella Records and produced by West for Konman Productions. \\\"Encore\\\" received much popularity in 2004 when it was mixed with Linkin Park's hit single \\\"Numb\\\" on the mash-up album \\\"Collision Course\\\" as \\\"Numb/Encore\\\", which went on to win a Grammy Award. \\\"The Black Album\\\" was touted by Jay Z as his last album before he retired from rap music. He cited a perceived lack of competition as reason for his\",\n \"title\": \"Encore (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16211743\",\n \"text\": \"the song. She added that \\\"Glory\\\" is a \\\"condensed saga, where the revelations range from somewhat brazen... to somber\\\". David K. Li, Josh Saul, and Tata Palmeri of the \\\"New York Post\\\" wrote that \\\"the emotional song may win over even Jay-Z's harshest critics\\\". Rob Markman of MTV News praised \\\"Glory\\\" saying that Jay-Z recorded his \\\"most personal thoughts... and then tops things off by adding the crying and cooing bundle of joy to the track, effectively giving baby girl her very first feature\\\". David Marchese of \\\"Spin\\\" magazine felt that \\\"Jay spouts all sorts of fatherly sentiment on the\",\n \"title\": \"Glory (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17438260\",\n \"text\": \"for his upcoming twelfth studio album and they were replaced with \\\"No Church in the Wild\\\" and \\\"Made in America\\\". Oceans (Jay-Z song) \\\"Oceans\\\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z recorded for his twelfth studio album \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\". The song features American singer Frank Ocean and was produced by Pharrell Williams, with additional production from Timbaland. The song has peaked at number 83 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. \\\"Oceans\\\", along with another song from \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\" titled \\\"Holy Grail\\\" were recorded in 2011 during the recording sessions for Jay-Z's collaborative album with Kanye West,\",\n \"title\": \"Oceans (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16211745\",\n \"text\": \"is officially credited on the song, she became the youngest person in the history to have a charted song on a \\\"Billboard\\\" chart ever. It also debuted at number 23 on the Rap Songs chart in the US for the chart issue dated January 28, 2012. The official music video for \\\"Glory\\\" was released on April 16, 2015. Glory (Jay-Z song) \\\"Glory\\\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his daughter Blue Ivy Carter (credited as B.I.C.) and background vocals from Pharrell Williams. Produced by The Neptunes, it premiered on Jay-Z's official website LifeandTimes.com on January 9, 2012, two\",\n \"title\": \"Glory (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10837916\",\n \"text\": \"diss towards Jay-Z. The song has different meanings to both artists. Jay-Z's two verses deal with his fatherless childhood, and how financial difficulties faced by his mother forced him to sell drugs for survival (thus becoming a renegade to society). He states his demeanor was \\\"30 years [his] senior,\\\" implying that hardships he faced during his childhood forced him to grow up and make adult decisions from a young age. Jay-Z argues that his music is the product of his rough upbringing, and that it speaks to others going through the same problems. Thus, he dismisses critics who lump him\",\n \"title\": \"Renegade (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17410527\",\n \"text\": \"on July 14, 2013. During the concert at Barclays Center as part of Timberlake's The 20/20 Experience World Tour on December 14, 2014, Jay-Z joined him on stage to perform the song. \\\"Holy Grail\\\" was also performed during the On the Run Tour (2014) and the On The Run II Tour (2018), a co-headlining tour by Beyoncé and Jay-Z. During the performance of the song, Beyoncé sang Justin Timberlake's parts. \\\"Consequence of Sound\\\"'s Alex Young chose the song as one of the particular highlights of the show. !scope=\\\"row\\\"| South Korea (Gaon Chart) Holy Grail (Jay-Z song) \\\"Holy Grail\\\" is a\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Grail (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16211737\",\n \"text\": \"Glory (Jay-Z song) \\\"Glory\\\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his daughter Blue Ivy Carter (credited as B.I.C.) and background vocals from Pharrell Williams. Produced by The Neptunes, it premiered on Jay-Z's official website LifeandTimes.com on January 9, 2012, two days after his wife Beyoncé Knowles gave birth to the couple's first child Blue. \\\"Glory\\\" impacted US urban contemporary radio stations on January 17, 2012. The melodic hip hop is an emotional homage to Jay-Z's baby girl and wife. Lyrically, \\\"Glory\\\" is about the experience and the happiness of becoming a father for the first time. It also\",\n \"title\": \"Glory (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17442075\",\n \"text\": \"2013, Jay-Z released a video via the same app of him discussing the song in depth with superproducer Rick Rubin. \\\"Heaven\\\" was met with generally positive reviews, with most critics praising it over the hit lead single, another Jay-Z/Justin Timberlake collaboration, \\\"Holy Grail\\\". Ian Cohen of \\\"\\\"Pitchfork\\\"\\\" praised the song as one of the album's strong points, stating, \\\"Heaven\\\" is the most thought-provoking spiritual meditation [Jay-Z's] written, and the willful misreading of \\\"Losing My Religion\\\" is used to powerful effect. David Weiss of \\\"Paste\\\" credited \\\"Heaven\\\" for setting off the most interesting section of the album, ending at the Beyoncé-featuring\",\n \"title\": \"Heaven (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10515281\",\n \"text\": \"Who's Back?\\\", and is a possible diss song against Jay-Z. Feelin' It (Jay-Z song) \\\"Feelin' It\\\" is the fourth and final single from rapper Jay-Z's debut album \\\"Reasonable Doubt\\\". The song features a chorus sung by Mecca and a beat produced by Ski. The song's beat contains a sample from \\\"Pastures\\\" by jazz musician Ahmad Jamal. The track was originally meant to be a Camp Lo song, but producer Ski gave it to Jay at the last minute. He describes the situation in an \\\"XXL Magazine\\\" article: The chorus of the song was mocked by rapper 50 Cent in his\",\n \"title\": \"Feelin' It (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15045771\",\n \"text\": \"of Jay's other solo albums dating back to \\\"Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life\\\". Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One is a Greatest Hits album by American rapper Jay-Z it was released on November 22, 2010 by Def Jam Recordings and Roc Nation. Although greatest hits compilations of Jay-Z have been released internationally before, this was the first of its kind to be released in the United States, in which it was released in Standard Edition, Deluxe Edition, and Collector's Edition Box Set as well as a 3-disc deluxe vinyl. The album features four tracks\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15045770\",\n \"text\": \"Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One is a Greatest Hits album by American rapper Jay-Z it was released on November 22, 2010 by Def Jam Recordings and Roc Nation. Although greatest hits compilations of Jay-Z have been released internationally before, this was the first of its kind to be released in the United States, in which it was released in Standard Edition, Deluxe Edition, and Collector's Edition Box Set as well as a 3-disc deluxe vinyl. The album features four tracks from \\\"The Black Album\\\", three from \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\" and one from each\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z: The Hits Collection, Volume One\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16208040\",\n \"text\": \"A Star Is Born (Jay-Z song) \\\"A Star Is Born\\\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Jay-Z from his eleventh studio album \\\"The Blueprint 3\\\" (2009). The song, produced by Kanye West, Kenoe and No I.D., features a verse from American rapper J. Cole, Jay-Z's protege and the first artist to be signed to his Roc Nation label. In the song, Jay-Z recognizes rappers who have risen to fame in the last decade, such as Kanye West, Lil Wayne, T.I., Eminem and 50 Cent . Notably, Jay-Z also gives shout-outs to Mobb Deep, Nas and two artists\",\n \"title\": \"A Star Is Born (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411132\",\n \"text\": \"ties to the company date back to 2006, and he received millions of dollars per year for his association with Armand de Brignac before he bought the entire company. In March 2015, Jay-Z completed the $56 million acquisition of Aspiro, a Norwegian media technology company that operates the subscription-based music streaming service Tidal, which has been in operation since October 2014. The music service was acquired through his company Project Panther Bidco Ltd. (an entity indirectly owned by Jay-Z's S. Carter Enterprises a company holding interests in leading international music, media and entertainment companies). The acquisition was completed with the\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10562676\",\n \"text\": \"interview on the BET program \\\"Food for Thought\\\" that he hoped the song would be a success like \\\"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\\\" due to their similarities but was surprised when it wasn't, even saying \\\"I dropped the record and then nothing\\\". The song did, however, achieve moderate success in the UK reaching #18 on the singles chart. A music video for the song was also released, which was directed by Chris Robinson. Anything (Jay-Z song) \\\"Anything\\\" is a song by rapper Jay-Z that is found on Beanie Sigel's 2000 album \\\"The Truth\\\". It is produced by Sam Sneed and\",\n \"title\": \"Anything (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4454302\",\n \"text\": \"album peaked at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and featured the top ten singles \\\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\\\" and \\\"Excuse Me Miss\\\". \\\"The Black Album\\\", released in November 2003, was intended by Jay-Z to be his final studio album and features his impending retirement as a recurring theme. The album performed well commercially and was later certified three times platinum by the RIAA. Following a period of dormancy, Jay-Z became president of Def Jam Recordings in December 2004 and resumed his rap career two years later with the release of \\\"Kingdom Come\\\", which peaked at number one on\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z albums discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16211739\",\n \"text\": \"to Blue Ivy Carter and Knowles, as Jay-Z sings \\\"You're my child with the child from Destiny's Child.\\\" Lyrically, it features Jay-Z experiencing the overwhelming joy of fatherhood for the first time, \\\"The most amazing feeling I feel / Words can't describe what I'm feeling, for real / Baby I'll paint the sky blue / My greatest creation was you.\\\" Describing Blue as \\\"the most beautiful thing in this world\\\", he promises to keep her happy — in contrast to his own troubled childhood, which was marred by the departure of his dad, Adnes Reeves. Jocelyn Vena of MTV News\",\n \"title\": \"Glory (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480638\",\n \"text\": \"200 albums from the 2000s, while Slant Magazine ranked it seventh best on a similar list. In 2012, \\\"Complex\\\" named it one of the \\\"classic\\\" records of the previous decade. All song samples, writing and production credits are according to the album booklet. Adapted from AllMusic. The Black Album (Jay-Z album) The Black Album is the eighth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z, released on November 14, 2003, by Roc-A-Fella Records. It was advertised as his final album before retiring, which is also a recurring theme throughout the songs, although Jay-Z resumed his recording career in 2006. For the album,\",\n \"title\": \"The Black Album (Jay-Z album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411119\",\n \"text\": \"consumers as free downloads. It debuted at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, making it Jay-Z's 13th consecutive studio album to top the chart. The album spawned two singles, the title track \\\"4:44\\\" and \\\"Bam\\\", as well as several music videos, directed by a variety of high-profile collaborators. The album received a Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year, while the title track was nominated for Song of the Year and \\\"The Story of O.J.\\\" was nominated for Record of the Year at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. On June 6, 2018, Jay-Z and Beyoncé kicked-off the On\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12613145\",\n \"text\": \"have told him I'm a fucking rock star\\\"\\\" followed by the opening line to the Oasis song \\\"Wonderwall\\\". This was a response to a comment made by Oasis guitarist and songwriter Noel Gallagher in April 2008 when he suggested that a hip-hop headline act was wrong for the Glastonbury Festival. This set off a media-fueled storm of controversy. At Glastonbury Jay-Z performed an ironic version of Oasis's \\\"Wonderwall\\\". Jay-Z's reactions were reportedly described by an Oasis band member as like that of an eight-year-old girl. When Oasis later split due to a personality clash between Noel and Liam Gallagher, Jay-Z\",\n \"title\": \"Jockin' Jay-Z (Dopeboy Fresh)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11417175\",\n \"text\": \"released in the UK. I Know (Jay-Z song) \\\"I Know\\\" is a song written and performed by American rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Pharrell. Produced by Pharrell's production team The Neptunes, the song was released on November 4, 2007 as the third and final single from Jay-Z's tenth studio album, \\\"American Gangster\\\". The music video was leaked to the internet on Yahoo! Music on January 28, 2008. It premiered on Yahoo! on February 26, 2008. The video (directed by Philip Andelman) features Zoë Kravitz playing multiple roles. The director described it as \\\"a surreal, daydream-like blending of four separate and\",\n \"title\": \"I Know (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11417173\",\n \"text\": \"I Know (Jay-Z song) \\\"I Know\\\" is a song written and performed by American rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Pharrell. Produced by Pharrell's production team The Neptunes, the song was released on November 4, 2007 as the third and final single from Jay-Z's tenth studio album, \\\"American Gangster\\\". The music video was leaked to the internet on Yahoo! Music on January 28, 2008. It premiered on Yahoo! on February 26, 2008. The video (directed by Philip Andelman) features Zoë Kravitz playing multiple roles. The director described it as \\\"a surreal, daydream-like blending of four separate and unrelated stories, four unique\",\n \"title\": \"I Know (Jay-Z song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19618220\",\n \"text\": \"number 5 on the Hot 100 and sold 5 million being one of the biggest hits in both rappers' careers. 2013 saw the release of \\\"Magna Carta Holy Grail\\\" and was not promoted by any single but it still went on to selling over 500k and certifying double platinum by the RIAA. It received mixed reviews. Until 2016, he achieved 19 Top 10 singles in US Hot 100 (2 solo plus 17 collaborations) and 15 Top 10 singles in UK Official Charts top 10 (1 solo plus 14 collaborations). Jay-Z singles discography The singles discography of American rapper Jay-Z consists\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z singles discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18017822\",\n \"text\": \"2014, according to \\\"Pollstar's\\\" annual year end tour chart. The show on September 20, 2014, airing on the US television network HBO, following the taping of the two concerts in Paris, France, where the tour concluded. Beyoncé and Jay-Z first collaborated in 2002 on \\\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\\\", a song from Jay-Z's seventh studio album, \\\"\\\". Since then, other notable collaborations between the pair include Beyoncé's 2003 number-one song, \\\"Crazy in Love\\\" featuring Jay-Z, 2013's \\\"Part II (On the Run)\\\" which is widely regarded as the follow up to \\\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\\\" and \\\"Drunk in Love\\\", the couple's collaboration\",\n \"title\": \"On the Run Tour (Beyoncé and Jay-Z)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5852550\",\n \"text\": \"Smith was awarded with vice president of Def Jam's artist and repertoire. Regardless, he pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct in 2006 in a plea deal that contained no jail time. Unfinished Business (Jay-Z and R. Kelly album) Unfinished Business is the second collaboration album between R&B artist R. Kelly and rapper Jay-Z and was released worldwide on October 26, 2004. It was distributed in the United States and Canada by Jive Records and Island Def Jam Music Group, by the Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) and its subsidiary Jive Records, except in Canada and the United States of America where Island\",\n \"title\": \"Unfinished Business (Jay-Z and R. Kelly album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1411122\",\n \"text\": \"Jay-Z uses 'rests' to provide structure to a verse and how he uses 'partial linking' to add more rhymes to a verse. Jay-Z's early style is described by \\\"Vibe\\\" as \\\"a distinctly Das EFX-type, stiggety style\\\" on his 12\\\" single \\\"Can't Get With That\\\", referring to the fast rhythms and vocal delivery of the group Das EFX. He is also known to write lyrics in his head, as described by Pusha T of Clipse in \\\"How to Rap\\\", a style popular with many MCs such as The Notorious B.I.G., Everlast, Bobby Creekwater and Guerilla Black. Shock G of Digital Underground\",\n \"title\": \"Jay-Z\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["brooklyn"],"string":"[\n \"brooklyn\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1286,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did the assyrian empire start?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"20689282","text":"riders to rest the system provided unprecedented communication speed, which was not surpassed in the Middle East until the introduction of the telegraph. The efficiency of the system contributed to the Neo-Assyrian Empire's dominance in the Middle East and to maintaining cohesion throughout the empire. These Assyrian innovations were adopted by later empires, including the Persian Empire which inherited and expanded the Assyrian communication network. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age empire centered in Mesopotamia. The reign of Adad-nirari II () was considered the start of the empire. He and his successorsup to the late seventh century BCEexpanded the","title":"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20689282\",\n \"text\": \"riders to rest the system provided unprecedented communication speed, which was not surpassed in the Middle East until the introduction of the telegraph. The efficiency of the system contributed to the Neo-Assyrian Empire's dominance in the Middle East and to maintaining cohesion throughout the empire. These Assyrian innovations were adopted by later empires, including the Persian Empire which inherited and expanded the Assyrian communication network. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age empire centered in Mesopotamia. The reign of Adad-nirari II () was considered the start of the empire. He and his successorsup to the late seventh century BCEexpanded the\",\n \"title\": \"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"10865411","text":"Assyrian pantheon in Mesopotamian religion, worshipped mainly in Upper Mesopotamia which constituted old Assyria. Ashur was a deified form of the city of Assur, which dates from c. 2600 BC and was the capital city of the Old Assyrian Empire. During the various periods of Assyrian conquest, such as the Upper Mesopotamian Empire of Shamshi-Adad I (c. 1754 BC – c. 1721 BC) Assyrian imperial propaganda proclaimed the supremacy of Ashur and declared that the conquered peoples had been abandoned by their gods. Ashur did not originally have a family, but as the cult came under the influence of Lower","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865463","text":"EA 16 has been contested as a faulty writing of Ashur-nadin-apli, another Assyrian king. He was succeeded by his brother, Eriba-Adad I, the first king of the Middle Assyrian Empire. Old Assyrian Empire The Old Assyrian Empire is one of four periods in which the history of Assyria is divided, the other three being the Early Assyrian Period, the Middle Assyrian Empire, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East. Centered on the Tigris–Euphrates river system in Upper Mesopotamia, the Assyrian people came to rule powerful empires at several","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865367","text":"Old Assyrian Empire The Old Assyrian Empire is one of four periods in which the history of Assyria is divided, the other three being the Early Assyrian Period, the Middle Assyrian Empire, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East. Centered on the Tigris–Euphrates river system in Upper Mesopotamia, the Assyrian people came to rule powerful empires at several times. Making up a substantial part of the \"cradle of civilization\", which included Sumer, the Akkadian Empire, and Babylonia, Assyria was at the height of technological, scientific and cultural achievements","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718475","text":"seemed to suit the needs of Assyria more than the needs of the vassal states, as Assyria have used a perceived threat toward a vassal state as an excuse to invade nearby settlements, and the vassal states have also been left to fend for themselves. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a warlike society with an expansionist ideology and, as a result of their constant expansion, they acquired a diverse and multi-ethnic empire. One Assyrian identity did not happen until, ironically, Ashurnasirpal II began deporting people from the empire. The majority of the displaced peoples were settled in the urban heart of","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406438","text":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire The timeline of the Assyrian Empire lists the kings, their successors and the major events that occurred in the Assyrian history. Although regarded as an Amorite by Assyrian tradition, Shamshi-Adad's descent is suggested to be from the same line as the native Assyrian ruler Ushpia by the Assyrian King List. He put his son Ishme-Dagan on the throne of a nearby Assyrian city, Ekallatum, and maintained Assyria's Anatolian colonies. Shamshi-Adad I then went on to conquer the kingdom of Mari (in modern Syria) on the Euphrates putting another of his sons, Yasmah-Adad on the throne","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406517","text":"of Ashur-uballit II remains unknown; his Limmu Lists end after the fall of Harran. Timeline of the Assyrian Empire The timeline of the Assyrian Empire lists the kings, their successors and the major events that occurred in the Assyrian history. Although regarded as an Amorite by Assyrian tradition, Shamshi-Adad's descent is suggested to be from the same line as the native Assyrian ruler Ushpia by the Assyrian King List. He put his son Ishme-Dagan on the throne of a nearby Assyrian city, Ekallatum, and maintained Assyria's Anatolian colonies. Shamshi-Adad I then went on to conquer the kingdom of Mari (in","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716448","text":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire arose in the 10th century BC. Ashurnasirpal II is credited for utilizing sound strategy in his wars of conquest. While aiming to secure defensible frontiers, he would launch raids further inland against his opponents as a means of securing economic benefit, as he did when campaigning in the Levant. The result meant that the economic prosperity of the region would fuel the Assyrian war machine. Ashurnasirpal II was succeeded by Shalmaneser III. Although he campaigned for 31 years of his 35-year reign, he failed to achieve or equal the conquests of","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716491","text":"whenever there was a wall facing a river. Cavalry use first recorded by Tukulti Ninurta II Collapse of Assyria Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire arose in the 10th century BC. Ashurnasirpal II is credited for utilizing sound strategy in his wars of conquest. While aiming to secure defensible frontiers, he would launch raids further inland against his opponents as a means of securing economic benefit, as he did when campaigning in the Levant. The result meant that the economic prosperity of the region would fuel the Assyrian war machine. Ashurnasirpal II was succeeded by Shalmaneser III.","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"12482544","text":"Middle Assyrian Empire The Middle Assyrian Empire is the period in the history of Assyria between the fall of the Old Assyrian Empire in the 14th century BC and the establishment of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the 10th century BC. By the reign of Eriba-Adad I (1392–1366 BC) Mitanni influence over Assyria was on the wane. Eriba-Adad I became involved in a dynastic battle between Tushratta and his brother Artatama II and after this his son Shuttarna III, who called himself king of the Hurri while seeking support from the Assyrians. A pro-Assyria faction appeared at the royal Mitanni court.","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718421","text":"the time, coming to dominate the Ancient Near East, East Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Caucasus, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa, eclipsing and conquering rivals such as Babylonia, Elam, Persia, Urartu, Lydia, the Medes, Phrygians, Cimmerians, Israel, Judah, Phoenicia, Chaldea, Canaan, the Kushite Empire, the Arabs, and Egypt. The Neo-Assyrian Empire succeeded the Old Assyrian Empire (c. 2025–1378 BC), and the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–934 BC) of the Late Bronze Age. During this period, Aramaic was also made an official language of the empire, alongside Akkadian. Upon the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC, the empire began to","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718481","text":"serve in the army for a time, a system which was called the ilku-service. The Assyrian law code was compiled during this period. Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 609 BC, and became the largest empire of the world up till that time. The Assyrians perfected early techniques of imperial rule, many of which became standard in later empires, and was, according to many historians, the first real empire in history. The Assyrians were the first to be armed with iron weapons, and used tactics that made them unbeatable. Following","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865410","text":"of place at the head of the Old Assyrian Empire. Other major gods within the pantheon of the Old Assyrian Empire were: Ishtar, Adad, Sin, Ninurta, Nergal, and Ninlil. Assyrian architecture, like that of Babylonia, was influenced by Sumero-Akkadian styles (and to some degree Mitanni), but early on developed its own distinctive style. Palaces sported colorful wall decorations, and seal-cutting (an art learned from Mittani) developed apace. Schools for scribes taught both the Babylonian and Assyrian dialects of the Akkadian language, and Sumerian and Akkadian literary works were often copied with an Assyrian flavor. Ashur was the head of the","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718479","text":"number of glyphs was reduced, and the glyph shapes were standardized and simplified, so that modern cuneiform sign inventories are usually based on the Neo-Assyrian glyph shapes. Neo-Assyrian cuneiform remained in use alongside the Aramaic alphabet well into Parthian times. The Aramaic language from the 8th century BC was adopted as the Lingua Franca of the Assyrian Empire and continued by the Achaemenid Empire. Assyrian scribes are often depicted in pairs: one writing in Akkadian on the cuneiform tablet, the other writing in Aramaic on the parchment or papyrus. The main cities that existed in Assyria itself were Nineveh, Ashur,","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406510","text":"Madius and then Cyaxares the Great, were both in turn subjugated by Ashurbanipal, remaining his vassals. At around this time, Gyges king of Lydia in western Asia Minor, offered his submission to Ashurbanipal. Mass alliances against Assyria were not a new phenomenon. During the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC), peoples such as the Hittites, Babylonians, Mitannians/Hurrians, Elamites, Phrygians, Kassites, Arameans, Gutians and Canaanites had formed various coalitions at different times in vain attempts to break Assyrian power. During the Neo-Assyrian Empire, in the reigns of Shalmaneser III in the 9th century BC, Sargon II in the 8th century BC, and","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406474","text":"the same year (1133 BC). A third brother, Ashur-resh-ishi I (1133–1116 BC) took the throne. This was to lead to a renewed period of Assyrian expansion and empire. As the Hittite empire collapsed from the onslaught of the Indo-European Phrygians (called Mushki in Assyrian annals), Babylon and Assyria began to vie for Aramaean regions (in modern Syria), formerly under firm Hittite control. When their forces encountered one another in this region, the Assyrian king Ashur-resh-ishi I met and defeated Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon on a number of occasions. Assyria then invaded and annexed Hittite-controlled lands in Asia Minor, Aram (Syria),","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20335886","text":"an independent state, never to rise again. However, although Babylon, under Nabopolassar, struck Assyria first, it's doubtful that the Babylonians would have scored a final victory over the Assyrian Empire without the support of the Medes. The Median offensive proved to be devastating for the Assyrians. In all of ancient history, the fall of the Assyrian empire is one the most impressive and renowned. Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire The Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire was the last war fought by the Assyrian Empire. The war ultimately led to the destruction of the Assyrian Empire. In the first half of","title":"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20689292","text":"was also the basis of the nineteenth century Pony Express in the United States. The use of relays of anonymous messengersinstead of a trusted envoy who must travel the entire distancewas a practice that the Assyrians introduced and remains the basis of today's postal systems. State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire The state communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire allowed the Assyrian king and his officials to send and receive messages across the empire quickly and reliably. Messages were sent using a relay system (Assyrian: \"kalliu\") which was revolutionary for the early first millennium BCE. Messages were carried by military riders","title":"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20689281","text":"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire The state communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire allowed the Assyrian king and his officials to send and receive messages across the empire quickly and reliably. Messages were sent using a relay system (Assyrian: \"kalliu\") which was revolutionary for the early first millennium BCE. Messages were carried by military riders who travelled on mules. At intervals the riders stopped at purpose-built stations, and the messages were passed to other riders with fresh mounts. The stations were positioned at regular intervals along the imperial highway system. Because messages could be transmitted without delay or waiting for","title":"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718420","text":"Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 609 BC, and became the largest empire of the world up till that time. The Assyrians perfected early techniques of imperial rule, many of which became standard in later empires, and was, according to many historians, the first real empire in history. The Assyrians were the first to be armed with iron weapons, and used tactics that made them unbeatable. Following the conquests of Adad-nirari II in the late 10th century BC, Assyria emerged as the most powerful state in the known world at","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716481","text":"the powerbase of the Assyrian Empire if they rebelled again. As a result, Assyrian deportation involved removing one enemy population and settling them into another. Below is a list of deportations carried out by Assyrian Kings: Tiglath Pileser III re-introduced deportation on a grand scale, deporting tens, even hundreds of thousands of people. Deportations were also coupled with colonization; see above for more details. Whenever a rebellion broke out in the Assyrian empire, the Assyrian kings inevitably brutally crushed it (as an alternative to deportation) and enforced great punishments on the rebellious vassals. Ashurnasirpal II assured that the rebellions whom","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718422","text":"disintegrate due to a brutal and unremitting series of civil wars in Assyria proper. In 616 BC, Cyaxares king of the Medes and Persians made alliances with Nabopolassar ruler of the Babylonians and Chaldeans, and also the Scythians and Cimmerians against Assyria. At the Fall of Harran (609 BC) the Babylonians and Medes defeated an Assyrian-Egyptian alliance, after which Assyria largely ceased to exist as an independent state. A failed attempt to reconquer Harran ended the Assyrian Empire. Although the empire fell, Assyrian history continued; there are still Assyrians living in Iran, Iraq, and elsewhere, in the present day. Assyria","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718466","text":"Schneider and S.F. Adah have suggested that increased population coupled with severe drought contributed to significant economic and political instability. Conquered peoples were often deported great distances and resettled in Assyrian provinces to minimize the possibility of revolts. The Assyrian heartland had undergone a population explosion during the late 8th and early 7th centuries, largely due to the forced resettlement of conquered peoples into the empire. After its fall, Assyria came to be ruled by the Median Empire as Athura for a short period. Ironically, Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon, was Assyrian, originating from Harran, as was his son","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865461","text":"BC), Sargon I (c. 1861 BC – c. 1822 BC), Puzur-Ashur II (c. 1822 BC – c. 1814 BC), and Ashur-nirari I (c. 1510 BC – c. 1484 BC.) Ashur-nadin-ahhe II, whose name is a personal Assyrian name meaning “Ashur has given a brother” (c. 1387 BC – c. 1378 BC), also received a tribute of gold and diplomatic overtures from the Egyptian Empire, probably in an attempt to gain Assyrian military support against the Egyptian Empire's rivals in West Asia: the Hittite Empire and the Mitanni. However, the Assyrian king appears to have been in a strong enough position","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20704835","text":"(according to Assyrian records) were deported to various places throughout the empire, mainly to Guzana in the Assyrian heartland, as well as to the cities of the Medes in the eastern part of the empire (modern-day Iran). The cities of Medes were only conquered by Assyria in 716 BCE, six years after the fall of Samaria, suggesting that the relocation took years to plan before it was implemented. At the same time, people from other parts of the empire were resettled in the depopulated region. Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire In the three centuries starting with the reign of","title":"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"12482558","text":"in the same year (1133 BC). A third brother, Ashur-resh-ishi I (1133–1116 BC) took the throne. This was to lead to a renewed period of Assyrian expansion and empire. As the Hittite empire collapsed from the onslaught of the Indo-European Phrygians (called Mushki in Assyrian annals), Babylon and Assyria began to vie for Aramaean regions (in modern Syria), formerly under firm Hittite control. When their forces encountered one another in this region, the Assyrian king Ashur-resh-ishi I met and defeated Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon on a number of occasions. Assyria then invaded and annexed Hittite-controlled lands in Asia Minor, Aram","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20704833","text":"usually they were not enslaved and worked in various professions and trades—often in the same field as before their deportation. Those who worked in agriculture were assigned lands, which they owned in the same way as the native inhabitants owned land. Many worked in high-skilled jobs, including as craftsmen, scholars and businessmen. Others served in the royal court, and some others joined the Assyrian military. The state encouraged the mixing of deportees and native inhabitants where they lived, partly to induce a shared \"Assyrian\" identity regardless of ethnic origins. The resettlement of Israelites conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire were mentioned","title":"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718469","text":"corruption of \"Assyria\" adopted by the Greeks), where it still survives. Tiglath Pileser III made Aramaic the lingua franca of the empire, originally the language of the Arameans. Aramaic was easier to write than Akkadian, so older documents collected by Assyrian kings were translated from Akkadian into Aramaic, and newer ones were written in Aramaic and ignored the Akkadian. Aramaic was the common language of the people and traders, but the official government language was the Neo-Assyrian dialect of Akkadian. By the 6th century, Aramaic had marginalised the Akkadian language so much that Aramaic came to be the imperial language","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20335883","text":"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire The Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire was the last war fought by the Assyrian Empire. The war ultimately led to the destruction of the Assyrian Empire. In the first half of the seventh century B.C.E, the Assyrian Empire was at the height of its power, the entire fertile crescent was under its control and the Assyrians had established an allied dynasty in Egypt. However, When Assurbanipal died in 627 BCE, his son Assur-etil-ilâni became briefly king before being killed during a revolt, probably launched by his brother, Sin-shar-ishkun. The latter then became king of the","title":"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718437","text":"following year, an Assyrian general (Turtanu) named Pulu seized the crown under the name of Tiglath-Pileser III, and made sweeping changes to the Assyrian government, considerably improving its efficiency and security. The conquered provinces were organized under an elaborate bureaucracy, with the king at the head—each district paying a fixed tribute and providing a military contingent. The Assyrian forces at this time became a professional standing army. Assyrian policy was henceforth directed toward reducing the whole civilized world into a single empire, throwing its trade and wealth into Assyrian hands. These changes are often identified as the beginning of the","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865378","text":"power and influence beyond the Tigris River valley, creating what some regard as the first Assyrian Empire. In this period, the Great Royal Palace was built, and the temple of Ashur was expanded and enlarged with a ziggurat. This empire came to end when Hammurabi, the Amorite king of Babylon incorporated the city into his short lived empire following the death of Ishme-Dagan I c. 1681 BC, and the next three Assyrian kings were regarded as vassals. A king named Adasi drove the Babylonians and Amorites from Assur and Assyria as a whole c. 1720 BC, however little is known","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406496","text":"Franca\" of Assyria and its vast empire, whose Akkadian infused descendant dialects still survive among the modern Assyrian Christian people to this day. Beginning with the campaigns of Adad-nirari II (911–892 BC), Assyria once more became a great power, growing to be the greatest empire the world had yet seen. The new king firmly subjugated the areas that were previously only under nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome Aramean, Neo-Hittite and Hurrian populations in the north to far-off places. Adad-nirari II then twice attacked and defeated Shamash-mudammiq of Babylonia, annexing a large area of land north of the Diyala","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406472","text":"in Ashur began deteriorating, Tukulti-Ninurta built a new capital city; Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta. He stretched the Assyrian Empire further south than before, conquering Dilmun, a \"pre-Arab\" civilisation of the Arabian Peninsula that encompassed modern Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the coastal regions of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. However, Tukulti-Ninurta's sons rebelled and besieged the ageing king in his capital. He was murdered and then succeeded by Ashur-nadin-apli (1206–1203 BC) who left the running of his empire to Assyrian regional governors such as Adad-bēl-gabbe. Another unstable period for Assyria followed, it was riven by periods of internal strife and the new king","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406484","text":"(745–727 BC), a usurper whose original name was \"Pulu\", initiated a renewed period of Assyrian expansion; Urartu, Persia, Media, Mannea, Babylonia, Arabia, Phoenicia, Israel, Judah, Samaria, Nabatea, Chaldea, Cyprus, Moab, Edom and the Neo-Hittites were subjugated, Tiglath-Pileser III was declared king in Babylon and the Assyrian empire was now stretched from the Caucasus Mountains to Arabia and from the Caspian Sea to Cyprus. Ashur-Dan II (935–912 BC) oversaw a marked economic and organisational upturn in the fortunes of Assyria, laying the platform for it to once again forge an empire. He is recorded as having made successful punitive raids outside","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406514","text":"Babylonia after a year of warfare by Sin-shar-ishkun (622–612 BC)—who was then himself faced with constant violent rebellion in the Assyrian homeland. This situation led to wholescale revolution in Babylonia, and during the reign of Sin-shar-ishkun many Assyrian colonies to the west, east and north similarly took advantage and ceased to pay tribute to Assyria, most significantly the Medes, Persians, Scythians, Cimmerians, Babylonians, Chaldeans and Arameans. In 615 BC, Cyaxares attacked the Assyrian Empire and his forces defeated the Assyrians at Arrapha. The next year, the Medes decisively defeated the Assyrians at the devastating battle of Assur. This assault greatly","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406475","text":"and Gutians and Kassite regions in the Zagros, marking an upsurge in imperian expansion. Tiglath-Pileser I (1115–1077 BC), vies with Shamshi-Adad I and Ashur-uballit I among historians as being regarded as the founder of the first Assyrian empire. The son of Ashur-resh-ishi I, he ascended to the throne upon his father's death, and became one of the greatest of Assyrian conquerors during his 38-year reign. His first campaign in 1112 BC was against the Phrygians who had attempted to occupy certain Assyrian districts in the Upper Euphrates region of Asia Minor; after defeating and driving out the Phrygians he then","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406507","text":"vanquished and driven from Assyrian territory, Urartu (Armenia), Phrygia, Corduene and the Neo-Hittites were in vassalage, and Lydia pleading for Assyrian protection. To the west, Aramea (Syria), the Phoenicians, Israel, Judah, Samarra and Cyprus were subjugated, and the Hellenised inhabitants of Caria, Cilicia, Cappadocia and Commagene paid tribute to Assyria. In 652 BC, just one year after his victory over Phraortes, his own brother Shamash-shum-ukin, the Assyrian king of Babylon who had spent seventeen years peacefully subject to his sibling, became infused with Babylonian nationalism, declaring that Babylon and not Nineveh should be the seat of empire. Shamash-shum-ukin raised a","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716450","text":"Ashurbanipal, took the southern upper half of Egypt. However, by the end of the Ashurbanipal's reign it appears that the Assyrian Empire was falling into another period of weakness, one from which it would not escape. It appears that years of costly battles followed by constant (and almost unstoppable) rebellions meant that it was a matter of time before Assyria ran out of troops. The loss of the outer regions meant that foreign troops were gone too. By 605 BC, independent political Assyrian records vanish from history and the Assyrians lost their independence forever. The Assyrian empire has been described","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718423","text":"was originally an Akkadian kingdom which evolved in the 25th to 24th centuries BC. The earliest Assyrian kings such as Tudiya were relatively minor rulers, and after the founding of the Akkadian Empire, which lasted from 2334 BC to 2154 BC, these kings became subject to Sargon of Akkad, who united all the Akkadian- and Sumerian-speaking peoples of Mesopotamia (including the Assyrians) under one rule. The urbanised Akkadian-speaking nation of Assyria emerged in the mid 21st century BC, evolving from the dissolution of the Akkadian Empire. In the Old Assyrian period of the Early Bronze Age, Assyria had been a","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"12482565","text":"and the source of the Khabur river, but by the end of his reign many of the areas of Syria and Phoenicia-Canaan to the west of these regions as far as the Mediterranean, previously under firm Assyrian control, were eventually lost by the Assyrian Empire. The Bronze Age Collapse from 1200 BC to 900 BC was a dark age for the entire Near East, North Africa, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Mediterranean, and Balkan regions, with great upheavals and mass movements of people. Assyria and its empire were not unduly affected by these tumultuous events for 150 years, perhaps the only ancient","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865372","text":"Sargon of Akkad, who united all the Sumero-Akkadian-speaking peoples of Mesopotamia under the Akkadian Empire, which lasted from c. 2334 BC to c. 2154 BC. At that time, the Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) population. Assyria became a regionally powerful nation in the Old Assyrian Empire from c. 2100 BC to c. 1800 BC. The Amorites had overrun the kingdoms of southern Mesopotamia and the Levant between c. 2100 BC and c. 1900 BC, but had hitherto been successfully repelled by the Assyrian kings during this period. However, Erishum II (c. 1818 BC – c. 1809 BC)","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865369","text":"of Assur, which dates to c. 2600 BC, originally one of a number of Akkadian city states in Mesopotamia. Assyria was also sometimes known as Subartu and Azuhinum prior to the rise of the city-state of Assur, and during the Sasanian Empire as Asōristān. In the Old Assyrian Empire, Assyria established colonies in Anatolia and the Levant and, under king Ilu-shuma, it asserted itself over southern Mesopotamia (what was later to become Babylonia). The first written inscriptions by urbanized Assyrian kings appear c. 2450 BC, after they had shrugged off Sumerian domination. The land of Assyria as a whole then","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716464","text":"managed to incorporate 60 Israelite chariot teams into his army. With the rise of the Assyrian Empire, new demands were placed on transport and communication. Prior to the Neo-Assyrian Empire, roads in Mesopotamia were little more than well-trodden pathways used by the locals. However, this was inadequate for an empire whose armies were constantly on the move, repressing one revolt after another. The Assyrians were the first to institute, control and maintain a system of roads throughout their empire. A state communication system with regular way stations for messengers to rest and/or exchange mounts were established. Later, these would form","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"12482564","text":"city of Araziqu which is before the land of Hatti and at the foot of Mount Lebanon.\" These locations show that well into his reign Assyria still controlled a vast empire. Late in his reign, the Middle Assyrian Empire erupted into civil war, when a rebellion was orchestrated by Tukulti-Mer, a pretender to the throne of Assyria. Ashur-bel-kala eventually crushed Tukulti-Mer and his allies, however the civil war in Assyria had allowed hordes of Arameans to take advantage of the situation, and press in on Assyrian controlled territory from the west. Ashur-bel-kala counterattacked them, and conquered as far as Carchemish","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"16111764","text":"Michael Cook note that Assyrian consciousness did not die out after the fall of its empire, asserting that a major revival of Assyrian consciousness and culture took place between the 2nd century BC and 4th century AD. Some continuity-supporters, though not all, argue that Assyrian culture is continuous from ancient times until today. The Assyriologist Simo Parpola echoes Saggs, Brinkman and Biggs, says that there is strong evidence that Assyrian identity and culture continued after the fall of the Assyrian Empire. Parpola asserts that traditional Assyrian religion remained strong until the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, surviving among small communities","title":"Assyrian continuity"},{"psg_id":"12482559","text":"(Syria), and Gutians and Kassite regions in the Zagros, marking an upsurge in imperian expansion. Tiglath-Pileser I (1115–1077 BC), vies with Shamshi-Adad I and Ashur-uballit I among historians as being regarded as the founder of the first Assyrian empire. The son of Ashur-resh-ishi I, he ascended to the throne upon his father's death, and became one of the greatest of Assyrian conquerors during his 38-year reign. His first campaign in 1112 BC was against the Phrygians who had attempted to occupy certain Assyrian districts in the Upper Euphrates region of Asia Minor; after defeating and driving out the Phrygians he","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20689287","text":"father Sargon II. The Neo-Assyrian Empire built a highway system connecting all parts of the empire. These roads, called \"hūl šarri\" (or \"harran šarri\" in the Babylonian dialect, \"the king's road\"), might have grown out of the military roads used for campaigning. They were continuously expanded, with the largest expansion occurring between the reigns of Shalmaneser III () and Tiglathpileser III . To support the communication system, governors of the empire maintained a series of stations in their provinces at regular intervals along the king's road. In Assyrian they were called \"bēt mardēti\" (\"house of a route's stage\"). At these","title":"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20704827","text":"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire In the three centuries starting with the reign of Ashur-dan II (934-912 BCE), the Neo-Assyrian Empire practiced a policy of resettlement (also called \"deportation\" or \"mass deportation\") of population groups in its territories. The majority of the resettlements were done with careful planning by the government in order to strengthen the empire. For example, a population might be moved around to spread agricultural techniques or develop new lands. It could also be done as punishment for political enemies, as an alternative to execution. In other cases, the selected elites of a conquered territory were","title":"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716449","text":"his predecessor, and his death led to another period of weakness in Assyrian rule. Assyria would later recover under Tiglath Pileser III, whose reforms once again made Assyria the most powerful force in the Near East, and transformed it into a fully fledged empire – the first of its kind. Later, under Shalmaneser V, Sargon II and Sennacherib, further Assyrian offensives occurred, although these were designed not only for conquest, but also to destroy the enemies ability to undermine Assyrian power. As such, costly battles raged taking tolls on Assyrian manpower. Esarhaddon succeeded in taking lower Egypt and his successor,","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406516","text":"Egypt, itself a former Assyrian colony, then came to the aid of its former master, possibly in fear to be the next to succumb, having already been ravaged by the Scythians. Certainly by 609 BC at the very latest, Assyria had been destroyed as an independent political entity, although it was to launch major rebellions against the Achaemenid Empire in 546 BC and 520 BC, and remained a geo-political region, ethnic entity and colonised province until the late 7th century AD, with small Assyrian states emerging in the region between the 2nd century BC and 4th century AD. The fate","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20704828","text":"moved to the Assyrian empire, to enrich and increase knowledge in the empire's centre. Bustenay Oded in 1979 estimated that about 4.4 million people (± 900,000) were relocated over a 250-year period. One instance, the relocation of the Israelites in late eighth century BCE was described in Biblical passages and came to be known as the Assyrian captivity. Resettlements could be done for different reasons. The scenario which affected the largest number of people was the \"colonization\" scenario, in which population groups were systematically transferred between different regions to strengthen the empire. Imperial administrators planned the population transfers, taking into","title":"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716472","text":"Ashurbanipal's campaigns of conquest, the rebellions following his death may have contributed significantly to the downfall of the empire as fewer vassals were available to pay tribute horses and other war material needed. Horses were a very important war resource and the Assyrian king himself took a personal interest in overseeing an adequate horse supply.Three main sources of horses were: Horses were be drawn from outlying provinces and brought in to be trained with new recruits for war. While cavalry provided the most expensive and effective arm of the Assyrian Empire, infantry were cheaper and more numerous. In the right","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716462","text":"itself. Battle after battle killed off important soldiers, while the seasons ensured that soldiers returned after a short time to their fields without achieving decisive conquests. By the mid-8th century BC, the Assyrian levy-army could not cope with the demands of an empire that often stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. All was to change when Tiglath Pileser III came to the throne in 745 BC. After increasing the efficiency of the Assyrian administration, he went on to change the Assyrian army as well. The most important aspect of his reform was the introduction of a standing","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716466","text":"the Assyrian war effort further. Of course, roads that sped up Assyrian troops would not discriminate and would speed up enemy troops as well. The Assyrians were the first to use camels as beasts of burden for their military campaigns. Camels were of greater use than donkeys because they can carry five times the load and yet require less watering. Camels were not domesticated until shortly before 1000 BC, on the eve of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The first camel to be domesticated was the dromedary. Traditionally, the Sumerians are credited for inventing the wheel sometime before 3000 BC, although there","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716471","text":"horse. By the 7th century BC, mounted Assyrian warriors were well armed with a bow and a lance, and armored with lamellar armour, while their mounts were equipped with fabric armour, providing limited yet useful protection in close combat and against missiles. Cavalry were to form the core of the later Assyrian armies. Large units of cavalry were required to be deployed by the Assyrians; some units consisted of hundreds or even a thousand horsemen. There is little doubt that without a continuous supply of horses, the Assyrian war machine would have collapsed. As the empire suffered horrendous casualties under","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865400","text":"which included the power to detain people and confiscate property. At the beginning of the reign of an Assyrian king, the limmu, an appointed royal official, would preside over the New Year festival at the capital city. The eponym dating system was a calendar system for Assyria, for a period of over one thousand years. Every year was associated with the name, an eponym, of the limmu, the individual holding office. The dating system is thought to have originated in the ancient city of Assur, and remained the official dating system in Assyria until the end of the Neo-Assyrian Empire","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718457","text":"Susa sacked. After the crushing of the Babylonian revolt Ashurbanipal appeared master of all he surveyed. To the east, Elam was devastated and prostrate before Assyria, the Manneans and the Iranian Persians and Medes were vassals. To the south, Babylonia was occupied, the Chaldeans, Arabs, Sutu and Nabateans subjugated, the Nubian empire destroyed, and Egypt paid tribute. To the north, the Scythians and Cimmerians had been vanquished and driven from Assyrian territory, Urartu, Phrygia, Corduene and the neo Hittites were in vassalage, and Lydia pleaded for Assyrian protection. To the west, Aramea (Syria), the Phoenicians, Israel, Judah, Samarra and Cyprus","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718476","text":"the empire bringing with them what would become the common language: Aramaic, the first unifying factor. The spreading of Aramaic is known as the Aramaization period and soon the new language would become the common language as well as the imperial language. As the people settled in the new land, they became exposed to Assyrian cultural ideas such as \"royal ideologies, religious ideas and mythologies...\" and it \"was incessantly propagated to all segments of the population through imperial art, emperor cult, religious festivals, and the cults of Aššur, Ištar, Nabû, Sîn and other Assyrian gods.\" This was a process known","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865375","text":"of eastern Anatolia. The Hurrians spoke a language isolate, i.e. neither Semitic nor Indo-European. \"Assyria\" is named after its first capital city, Assur. The city Assur is itself named after its patron deity, Ashur. Assyria was also sometimes known as \"Azuhinum\", prior to the rise of the city-state of Assur, after which it was referred to as \"Aššūrāyu\".\" “Assyria” can also refer to the geographic region of the Assyrian homeland, roughly equivalent to the territory of the Old Assyrian Empire, and the land of the modern Christian Aramaic-speaking Assyrians. Scholars suggest that Subartu may have been an early name for","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865377","text":"I left inscriptions regarding the building of temples to the gods Ashur, Adad and Ishtar in the city. Assur developed rapidly into a center for trade, and trade routes led from the city to Anatolia, where merchants from Assur established trading colonies. These Assyrian colonies in Asia Minor were called karu, and traded mostly with tin and wool. In the city of Assur, the first great temples to the city god Ashur and the weather god Adad were erected. Assur was the capital of the empire of Shamshi-Adad I (c. 1754 BC – c. 1721 BC). He expanded the city's","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20689285","text":"in the Assyrian communication system typically travelled with two mules, so that they did not become stranded if one became lame, and to alternate mounts in order to keep them fresh. Official messages could either be sent by letter carried by a series of relay riders or by a trusted envoy. The relay system (\"kalliu\") was an Assyrian innovation and allowed for a much faster communication speed. Rather than relying on a trusted envoy to travel the entire distance, in the relay system each individual rider covered only a segment of the route. The segment ended at a station, where","title":"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"12482547","text":"of growing Assyrian power, to help the Mitanni. The lands of the Mitanni and Hurrians were duly appropriated by Assyria, making it a large and powerful empire. Enlil-nirari (1329–1308 BC) succeeded Ashur-uballit I. He described himself as a \"Great-King\" (\"Sharru rabû\") in letters to the Hittite kings. He was immediately attacked by Kurigalzu II of Babylon who had been installed by his father, but succeeded in defeating him, repelling Babylonian attempts to invade Assyria, counterattacking and appropriating Babylonian territory in the process, thus further expanding Assyria. The successor of Enlil-nirari, Arik-den-ili (c. 1307–1296 BC), consolidated Assyrian power, and successfully campaigned","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718438","text":"\"Second Assyrian Empire\". When Tiglath-Pileser III had ascended the throne of Assyria, he invaded Babylonia, defeated its king Nabonassar, and abducted the gods of Šapazza; these events are recorded in the Assyrian-Babylonian Chronicle. After subjecting Babylon to tribute, defeating Urartu and conquering the Medes, Persians and Neo-Hittites, Tiglath-Pileser III directed his armies into Aramea, of which large swathes had regained independence, and the commercially successful Mediterranean seaports of Phoenicia. He took Arpad near Aleppo in 740 BC after a siege of three years, and razed Hamath. Azariah, king of Judah had been an ally of the king of Hamath, and","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718471","text":"The rest of the empire was divided into two sects: those who spoke Aramaic and those who spoke Akkadian. Generally, the common people and traders were also bilingual but Aramaic continued to dominate the empire outside Assyria proper. As the Empire fell, only the elite knew how to read and write the Akkadian script. The savage sacking of Nineveh and Assur, as well as numerous other Assyrian cities, ensured that few of these elites survived to pass on the language, but some cities such as Arrapkha were spared the destruction. Akkadian survived the fall of Assyria; the last recorded writings","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10716457","text":"that military campaigning was limited to a few months of the year. As a result, armies could not conquer vast amounts of land without having to rest (and hence allow their enemy to recover) and even if they did they would not be able to garrison conquered lands with troops for long. The Assyrian army's hierarchy was typical of the Mesopotamian armies at the time. The King whose rule was sanctioned by the gods, would be the commander of the entire army of the Empire. He would appoint senior officers on certain occasions to campaign in his place if his","title":"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406495","text":"Sepharvaim and Hamath, and settled them in the towns of Samaria to replace the Israelites. Tiglath-Pileser III had reorganised the Assyrian army into the first professional fighting force in history, he also incorporated conquered peoples into the imperial army to serve as light infantry, thus expanding the size of the army. He greatly improved the civil administration of his empire, reducing the influence of hitherto powerful nobles, regional governors and viceroys, and deporting troublesome peoples to other parts of his vast empire, setting the template for all future ancient empires. Tiglath-Pileser III also introduced Mesopotamian Eastern Aramaic as the \"Lingua","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406504","text":"Sidon, Ekron, Byblos, Arvad, Samarra, Ammon, Amalek, and the ten Greek kings of Cyprus, are listed as Assyrian subjects. Esarhaddon expanded the empire as far south as Arabia, Meluhha, Magan and Dilmun (modern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain the United Arab Emirates and Qatar). The conquest by Esarhaddon effectively marked the end of the short-lived Kushite Empire. He imposed a so-called \"Vassal Treaty\" upon his Persian, Parthian and Median subjects, forcing Teispes of Persia and Deioces of Media to submit both to himself, and in advance to his chosen successor, Ashurbanipal. Esarhaddon died whilst preparing to leave for Egypt to once more","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"15326712","text":"Assyrian captivity The Assyrian captivity (or the Assyrian exile) is the period in the history of Ancient Israel and Judah during which several thousand Israelites of ancient Samaria were resettled as captives by Assyria. This is one of the many instances of forcible relocations implemented by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and successor, Sennacherib, were responsible for finishing the twenty-year demise of Israel's northern ten-tribe kingdom, although they did not overtake the Southern Kingdom. Jerusalem was","title":"Assyrian captivity"},{"psg_id":"10865452","text":"(c. 1448 BC), son and successor of Nur-ili, was the ruler of Assyria for just \"one complete month\". There remains uncertainty concerning the dating of his accession, as the two subsequent Assyrian kings have unknown reign lengths, effectively disconnecting him and his predecessors from the firmer chronology of the later Assyrian King List. Although there are no extant contemporary inscriptions for him or his immediate predecessor or successors, his name appears on two of the Assyrian King Lists and faintly at the end of the first column of the Synchronistic King List, level with where one of the successors' to","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865447","text":"from the Third Dynasty of Babylon. The Assyrian King List records that he reigned for fourteen years before being succeeded by his sons. His sons were Sharma-Adad II and Erishum III. Shamshi-Adad II (c. 1529 BC – c. 1526 BC), son and successor of Shu-Ninua (c. 1542 BC – c. 1529 BC), is implausibly stated by the Synchronistic King List to have had eight different contemporary Kassite rulers. Ashur-nirari I (1547–1522 BC) seems not to have been troubled by the newly founded Mitanni Empire in Asia Minor, the Hittite empire, or Babylon during his 25-year reign. He is known to","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"20335884","text":"Assyrian Empire, but Babylonia's governor, Nabopolassar proclaimed himself king of Babylonia. From 626/625 BCE, Sin-shar-ishkun engaged in a war to make Babylonia come back under his rule. The Assyrians quickly conquered Uruk but lost it again. The Babylonians defeated the Assyrians at the battle of Nippur and aftermath, are victorious in 616 BC and 615 BC (Battle of Arrapha) but are defeated at Assur. The situation changed when the Medes, under the command of Cyaxares, invaded the Assyrian Empire, beating them in 614 BC at the battle of Tarbisu and at Assur (which was looted), but the Babylonians were defeated","title":"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"15326732","text":"there is where the complete history of the dispersion of the Northern Kingdom tribes is seen, in 2 Esdras 13:40–48. Assyrian captivity The Assyrian captivity (or the Assyrian exile) is the period in the history of Ancient Israel and Judah during which several thousand Israelites of ancient Samaria were resettled as captives by Assyria. This is one of the many instances of forcible relocations implemented by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and successor, Sennacherib, were responsible","title":"Assyrian captivity"},{"psg_id":"10718446","text":"heavily defended city of Lachish) in his path. This is graphically described in Isaiah 10; exactly what happened next is unclear (the Bible says an angel of the Lord killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers at Jerusalem after Hezekiah prayed in the temple). Sennacherib's account says Judah paid him tribute and he left. The Hebrew Bible states that Hezekiah did pay tribute once, and the Assyrians left, but returned a second time when the soldiers were then killed; however what is certain is that Sennacherib failed to actually capture Jerusalem. Marduk-apla-iddina had returned to Babylonia during the reign of Sennacherib. The Assyrian","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718433","text":"Assyrian rule, and Shamshi-Adad V spent the remainder of his reign reasserting control over those peoples. During this period, Urartu took the opportunity to reassert its influence on the region. As a result of all these events, Assyria did not expand further during the reign of Shamshi-Adad V. Adad-nirari III was a boy when succeeding his father in 811 BC, and for five years until 806 BC, his mother, Queen Sammuramat (also depicted as Semiramis) ruled as regent in his stead. Despite the numerous legends regarding this queen, she is mentioned little in Assyrian records of the time. In 806","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10100632","text":"the defeat of Ashur-uballit II in 608 BC at Haran, at Carchemish in 605 BC, and after the last centre of Assyrian imperial records at Dūr-Katlimmu in 599 BC, the Assyrian empire was divided up by the key invading forces, the Babylonians and the Medes, with the Medes ruling Assyria proper. The Assyrian people, after the fall of their empire, fell under foreign domination ever since. Assyria came under the rule of the short lived Median Empire until 546 BC. The last king of Babylon, Nabonidus (together with his son and co-regent Belshazzar), was ironically an Assyrian from Harran. Assyria","title":"History of the Assyrian people"},{"psg_id":"10100627","text":"powerful state in the region, extending colonies into south east Anatolia, the northern Levant, central Mesopotamia and north western Ancient Iran. The Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC) saw Assyria emerge as the most powerful military and political force in the known world, destroying the Mitanni-Hurrian empire, largely annexing the Hittite Empire, forcing the Egyptian Empire from the region, conquering Babylonia and besting the Elamites, Kassites and Phrygians among others. Middle Assyrian Empire kings extended Assyrian domination from Mount Ararat in the north to Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the south, and from the Eastern Mediterranean and Antioch in the west to","title":"History of the Assyrian people"},{"psg_id":"12482562","text":"The general view is that the restoration of the temple of the gods Ashur and Hadad at the Assyrian capital of Assur (Ashur) was one of his initiatives. He also invaded and defeated Babylon twice, assuming the old title \"King of Sumer and Akkad\", forcing tribute from Babylon, although he did not actually depose the actual king in Babylonia, where the old \"Kassite Dynasty\" had now succumbed to an Elamite one. He was succeeded by Asharid-apal-Ekur (1076–1074 BC) who reigned for just two years. His reign marked the elevation of the office of \"ummânu\" (royal scribe) in importance. Ashur-bel-kala (1073–1056","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406444","text":"BC – c. 1921 BC), son and successor of Ilu-shuma, built a major temple for the god Ningal. He further strengthened the fortifications of the city of Assur and maintained Assyria's colonies in Asia Minor. Sargon I or Šarru-kīn I (c. 1920 BC – c. 1881 BC), son and successor of Ikunum, reigned as king of the Old Assyrian Empire for an unusually long 39 years. Sargon I might have been named after his predecessor Sargon of Akkad. The name “Sargon” means “the king is legitimate” in Akkadian. Sargon I is known for his work refortifying Assur. Very little is","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406492","text":"prematurely in 782 BC, which led to a temporary period of stagnation within the empire. Assyria continued its military dominance, however Shalmaneser IV (782 - 773 BC) himself seems to have wielded little personal authority, and a victory over Argishti I, king of Urartu at Til Barsip is accredited to an Assyrian General (Turtanu) named Shamshi-ilu, who does not even bother to mention his king. Shamshi-ilu also scored victories over the Arameans, Phrygians, Persians and Neo-Hittites, and again, takes personal credit at the expense of his king. Ashur-dan III ascended the throne in 772 BC. He proved to be a","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"15203400","text":"Assyrian conquest of Aram The Assyrian conquest of Aram (c. 856-732 BC) concerns the series of conquests of largely Aramean, Phoenician, Sutean and Neo-Hittite states in The Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon and northern Jordan) during the Neo Assyrian Empire (911-605 BC). This region was known as Eber Nari and Aramea during the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1020 BC) and Neo-Assyrian Empire. Parts of the eastern Levant had been under the dominion of the Old Assyrian Empire (c.2025-1750 BC) at a time when the Levant was largely occupied by Amorite and Canaanite tribes. During the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1020 BC) Assyria rose","title":"Assyrian conquest of Aram"},{"psg_id":"19406465","text":"King Shattuara and his Hittite and Aramaean allies, finally completely destroying the Hurri-Mitannian kingdom in the process. Like his father, Shalmaneser was a great builder and he further expanded the city of Kalhu at the juncture of the Tigris and Zab Rivers. Ashur-uballit I attacked and defeated Mattiwaza, the king of Mitanni, despite attempts by the Hittite king Suppiluliumas, now fearful of growing Assyrian power, to help Mitanni. The lands of the Hurrians and Mitanni were duly appropriated by Assyria, making it a large and powerful empire. By the reign of Eriba-Adad I (1392–1366 BC) Mitannian influence over Assyria was","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406452","text":"With Hammurabi, the various kārum colonies in Anatolia ceased trade activity–probably because the goods of Assyria were now being traded with the Babylonians. The Assyrian monarchy survived; however, the three Amorite kings succeeding Ishme-Dagan I (including Mut-Ashkur) were largely vassals and dependent on the Babylonians during the reign of Hammurabi. Rimush, inscribed \"ri-mu-u\"[\"š\"] on the only variant king list on which he appears, (c. 1739 BC – c. 1733 BC), a successor to and probably a descendant of Išme-Dagān I, would appear to be named for the second king of the Akkadian Empire Rimush of Akkad (c. 2214 BC –","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406456","text":"relied upon by later monarchs. During Ashur-dugul's reign six other kings, “sons of nobodies also ruled at the time”. This may suggest a fragmentation in the small Assyrian kingdom, with rival claims to the throne. Ashur-dugul was unable to retain control for long, and was soon deposed by a rival claimant, Ashur-apla-idi, who was in turn followed by Nasir-Sin, Sin-namir, Ipqi-Ishtar and Adad-salulu. The short-lived Babylonian Empire quickly began to unravel upon the death of Hammurabi, and Babylonia quickly lost control over Assyria during the reign of Hammurabi's successor Samsu-iluna (1750–1712 BC). A period of civil war ensued after Asinum","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406461","text":"who appears to have had a peaceful and uneventful reign, as does his successor Nur-ili (1482–1471 BC). The son of Nur-ili, Ashur-shaduni (1470 BC) was deposed by his uncle Ashur-rabi I (1470–1451 BC) in his first year of rule. Little is known about his nineteen-year reign, but it appears to have been largely uneventful. Ashur-nadin-ahhe I (1450–1431 BC) was courted by the Egyptians, who were rivals of Mitanni, and attempting to gain a foothold in the Near East. Amenhotep II sent the Assyrian king a tribute of gold to seal an alliance against the Hurri-Mitannian empire. It is likely that","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"19406445","text":"known about this king. Puzur-Ashur II (c. 1881 BC – c. 1873 BC), son and successor of Sargon I, was king of the Old Assyrian Empire for eight years. Due to his father's long reign he came to the throne at a late age since one of his sons, named Ili-bani, was a witness in a contract (and so already a grown man) eleven years before Puzur-Ashur II became ruler. Naram-Sin or Narām–Suen, (c. 1872 BC – c. 1818 BC), son and successor of Puzur-Ashur II, was named for the illustrious Naram-Sin of Akkad and, like his grandfather, Sargon I,","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"13514431","text":"Persia. As a result, al-Husayni fled to Persia where he was granted legation asylum first by the Empire of Japan and then by Fascist Italy. By 1942, the Iraq Levies consisted of a Headquarters, a Depot, Specialist Assyrian companies, 40 service companies and the 1st Parachute Company, which consisted of 75% Assyrian and 25% Kurd. The new Iraq Levies disciplinary code was based largely on the Indian Army Act. The Levies had 22 Assyrian companies, 5 Mixed Assyrian/Yizidi companies, 10 Kurdish companies, 4 Gulf Arab companies and 3 Baluchi companies. Eleven Assyrian companies served in World War II-era Palestine and","title":"Assyrian independence movement"},{"psg_id":"10865408","text":"a syllabic and logographic meaning. The complexity of the system bears a resemblance to Old Japanese, written in a Chinese-derived script, where some of these Sinograms were used as logograms, and others as phonetic characters. This \"mixed\" method of writing continued throughout the Old Assyrian Period, although there were periods when \"purism\" was in fashion and there was a more marked tendency to spell out the words laboriously, in preference to using signs with a phonetic complement. Hittite cuneiform is an adaptation of the Old Assyrian cuneiform of c. 1800 BC to the Hittite language. When the cuneiform script was","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10100629","text":"as by the Assyrians. According to the Assyrian King List, the earliest king of Assyria was Tudiya. From the late 24th century BC it became a part of the Akkadian Empire, based in the city of Akkad, which united all of the Akkadian speaking Semites (including the Assyrians) under one rule. Assyria regained its independence in the early 21st century BC. Assyria became an imperial power with the Old Assyrian Empire (1975–1750 BC), and the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC), the latter of which became the most powerful state in the region, eclipsing Egypt, the Hittites, Mitanni, Babylonia and Elam.","title":"History of the Assyrian people"},{"psg_id":"19406446","text":"took the divine determinative in his name. Assyria was wealthy as the hub of the trading network at the height of the Old Assyrian Empire's activity. Naram-Sin came under attack from Shamshi-Adad, in an attempt to usurp the Assyrian throne, however the would be usurper was defeated, and The Assyrian King List records that Shamshi-Adad I, “went away to Babylonia in the time of Narām-Sîn.” Shamshi-Adad I was not to return until taking the Assyrian city of Ekallatum, pausing three years and then overthrowing Erishum II (c. 1817 BC – c. 1809 BC), son and successor of Naram-Sin. Shamshi-Adad I","title":"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865368","text":"at its peak. At its peak, the Assyrian empire ruled over what the ancient Mesopotamian religion referred to as the \"four corners of the world\": as far north as the Caucasus Mountains within the lands of what is today called Armenia and Azerbaijan, as far east as the Zagros Mountains within the territory of present-day Iran, as far south as the Arabian Desert of today's Saudi Arabia, as far west as the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea, and even further to the west in Egypt and eastern Libya. Assyria is named for its original capital, the ancient city","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718445","text":"the famous \"the Palace without a Rival\", he made Nineveh a beautiful city and improved the city, planting orchards and gardens. The Egyptians had begun agitating peoples within the Assyrian empire in an attempt to gain a foothold in the region. As a result, in 701 BC, Hezekiah of Judah, Lule king of Sidon, Sidka, king of Ascalon and the king of Ekron formed an alliance with Egypt against Assyria. Sennacherib attacked the rebels, conquering Ascalon, Sidon and Ekron and defeating the Egyptians and driving them from the region. He marched toward Jerusalem, destroying 46 towns and villages (including the","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865455","text":"as \"anchors\" in the various attempts to define the chronology of Babylonia and Assyria between c. 2000 BC – c. 1300 BC.) Ashur-nadin-ahhe I (c. 1430 BC – c. 1415 BC), son and successor of Ashur-rabi I, was courted by the Egyptian Empire, which was a rival of the Mitanni, and attempting to gain a foothold in the Ancient Near East. Amenhotep II sent the Assyrian king a tribute of gold to seal an alliance against the Mitanni. It is likely that this alliance prompted Saushtatar, the ruler of the Mitanni, to invade Assyria, and sack its capital city, after","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718463","text":"Cyaxares, the Median king, made an alliance with Nabopolassar and with the help of the Scythians and Cimmerians attacked Assyria. Assyria now faced overwhelming odds, and after four years of bitter fighting, the coalition destroyed Nineveh in 612 BC after a long siege, followed by house-to-house fighting. Thus the Assyrian empire is falling, Sinsharishkun being killed in the process. A general called Ashur-uballit II was declared king of Assyria, and with belated military support from the Egyptian pharaoh Necho II, whose dynasty had been installed with the help of the Assyrians, held out at Harran until 609 BC. Egyptian aid","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865401","text":"in 605 BC. The names of the limmu who became eponyms were chosen by lot, until c. 1000 BC it became a fixed rotation of officers headed by the king who constituted the limmu. The earliest known attestations of a year eponyms are at Karum Kanesh, and became used in other Assyrian colonies in Anatolia. Its spread was due to Shamshi-Adad I's unification of Upper Mesopotamia (c. 1754 BC — c. 1721 BC.) A very intimate cultural symbiosis developed between the Sumerian people and the Akkadian Empire, which included widespread bilingualism c. 2400 BC. The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10718472","text":"in Akkadian cuneiform date from the 1st century AD, and writings in Akkadian (but in the Aramaic/Syriac script) date as late as the 3rd century AD. The Assyrian empire expanded through establishing provinces and vassal states. Many of these lands were under control by members of the king's court. Most of these offices had names that were titular, but holders of these offices may have enacted their namesakes in ceremonial manners. The provinces were a form of territorial control and were made up of the capital city, farming villages, road stations, outposts, and garrisons. The province itself was managed by","title":"Neo-Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"12482551","text":"cities. The Hittites, having failed to save Mitanni, allied with Babylon in an unsuccessful economic war against Assyria for many years. Assyria was now a large and powerful empire, and a major threat to Egyptian and Hittite interests in the region, and was perhaps the reason that these two powers, fearful of Assyrian might, made peace with one another. Like his father, Shalmaneser was a great builder and he further expanded the city of Kalhu at the juncture of the Tigris and Zab Rivers. Shalmaneser's son and successor, Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244–1207 BC), won a major victory against the Hittites and","title":"Middle Assyrian Empire"},{"psg_id":"10865405","text":"Proper names continued to be usually written in purely \"logographic\" fashion. The archaic cuneiform script was adopted by the Akkadian Empire from c. 2500 BC, and by 2000 BC had evolved into Old Assyrian cuneiform, with many modifications to Sumerian orthography. The Semitic languages employed equivalents for many signs that were distorted or abbreviated to represent new values because the syllabic nature of the script as refined by the Sumerians was not intuitive to Semitic speakers. At this stage, the former pictograms were reduced to a high level of abstraction, and were composed of only five basic wedge shapes: horizontal,","title":"Old Assyrian Empire"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865411\",\n \"text\": \"Assyrian pantheon in Mesopotamian religion, worshipped mainly in Upper Mesopotamia which constituted old Assyria. Ashur was a deified form of the city of Assur, which dates from c. 2600 BC and was the capital city of the Old Assyrian Empire. During the various periods of Assyrian conquest, such as the Upper Mesopotamian Empire of Shamshi-Adad I (c. 1754 BC – c. 1721 BC) Assyrian imperial propaganda proclaimed the supremacy of Ashur and declared that the conquered peoples had been abandoned by their gods. Ashur did not originally have a family, but as the cult came under the influence of Lower\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865463\",\n \"text\": \"EA 16 has been contested as a faulty writing of Ashur-nadin-apli, another Assyrian king. He was succeeded by his brother, Eriba-Adad I, the first king of the Middle Assyrian Empire. Old Assyrian Empire The Old Assyrian Empire is one of four periods in which the history of Assyria is divided, the other three being the Early Assyrian Period, the Middle Assyrian Empire, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East. Centered on the Tigris–Euphrates river system in Upper Mesopotamia, the Assyrian people came to rule powerful empires at several\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865367\",\n \"text\": \"Old Assyrian Empire The Old Assyrian Empire is one of four periods in which the history of Assyria is divided, the other three being the Early Assyrian Period, the Middle Assyrian Empire, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East. Centered on the Tigris–Euphrates river system in Upper Mesopotamia, the Assyrian people came to rule powerful empires at several times. Making up a substantial part of the \\\"cradle of civilization\\\", which included Sumer, the Akkadian Empire, and Babylonia, Assyria was at the height of technological, scientific and cultural achievements\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718475\",\n \"text\": \"seemed to suit the needs of Assyria more than the needs of the vassal states, as Assyria have used a perceived threat toward a vassal state as an excuse to invade nearby settlements, and the vassal states have also been left to fend for themselves. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a warlike society with an expansionist ideology and, as a result of their constant expansion, they acquired a diverse and multi-ethnic empire. One Assyrian identity did not happen until, ironically, Ashurnasirpal II began deporting people from the empire. The majority of the displaced peoples were settled in the urban heart of\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406438\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire The timeline of the Assyrian Empire lists the kings, their successors and the major events that occurred in the Assyrian history. Although regarded as an Amorite by Assyrian tradition, Shamshi-Adad's descent is suggested to be from the same line as the native Assyrian ruler Ushpia by the Assyrian King List. He put his son Ishme-Dagan on the throne of a nearby Assyrian city, Ekallatum, and maintained Assyria's Anatolian colonies. Shamshi-Adad I then went on to conquer the kingdom of Mari (in modern Syria) on the Euphrates putting another of his sons, Yasmah-Adad on the throne\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406517\",\n \"text\": \"of Ashur-uballit II remains unknown; his Limmu Lists end after the fall of Harran. Timeline of the Assyrian Empire The timeline of the Assyrian Empire lists the kings, their successors and the major events that occurred in the Assyrian history. Although regarded as an Amorite by Assyrian tradition, Shamshi-Adad's descent is suggested to be from the same line as the native Assyrian ruler Ushpia by the Assyrian King List. He put his son Ishme-Dagan on the throne of a nearby Assyrian city, Ekallatum, and maintained Assyria's Anatolian colonies. Shamshi-Adad I then went on to conquer the kingdom of Mari (in\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716448\",\n \"text\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire arose in the 10th century BC. Ashurnasirpal II is credited for utilizing sound strategy in his wars of conquest. While aiming to secure defensible frontiers, he would launch raids further inland against his opponents as a means of securing economic benefit, as he did when campaigning in the Levant. The result meant that the economic prosperity of the region would fuel the Assyrian war machine. Ashurnasirpal II was succeeded by Shalmaneser III. Although he campaigned for 31 years of his 35-year reign, he failed to achieve or equal the conquests of\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716491\",\n \"text\": \"whenever there was a wall facing a river. Cavalry use first recorded by Tukulti Ninurta II Collapse of Assyria Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire arose in the 10th century BC. Ashurnasirpal II is credited for utilizing sound strategy in his wars of conquest. While aiming to secure defensible frontiers, he would launch raids further inland against his opponents as a means of securing economic benefit, as he did when campaigning in the Levant. The result meant that the economic prosperity of the region would fuel the Assyrian war machine. Ashurnasirpal II was succeeded by Shalmaneser III.\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482544\",\n \"text\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire The Middle Assyrian Empire is the period in the history of Assyria between the fall of the Old Assyrian Empire in the 14th century BC and the establishment of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the 10th century BC. By the reign of Eriba-Adad I (1392–1366 BC) Mitanni influence over Assyria was on the wane. Eriba-Adad I became involved in a dynastic battle between Tushratta and his brother Artatama II and after this his son Shuttarna III, who called himself king of the Hurri while seeking support from the Assyrians. A pro-Assyria faction appeared at the royal Mitanni court.\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718421\",\n \"text\": \"the time, coming to dominate the Ancient Near East, East Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Caucasus, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa, eclipsing and conquering rivals such as Babylonia, Elam, Persia, Urartu, Lydia, the Medes, Phrygians, Cimmerians, Israel, Judah, Phoenicia, Chaldea, Canaan, the Kushite Empire, the Arabs, and Egypt. The Neo-Assyrian Empire succeeded the Old Assyrian Empire (c. 2025–1378 BC), and the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–934 BC) of the Late Bronze Age. During this period, Aramaic was also made an official language of the empire, alongside Akkadian. Upon the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC, the empire began to\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718481\",\n \"text\": \"serve in the army for a time, a system which was called the ilku-service. The Assyrian law code was compiled during this period. Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 609 BC, and became the largest empire of the world up till that time. The Assyrians perfected early techniques of imperial rule, many of which became standard in later empires, and was, according to many historians, the first real empire in history. The Assyrians were the first to be armed with iron weapons, and used tactics that made them unbeatable. Following\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865410\",\n \"text\": \"of place at the head of the Old Assyrian Empire. Other major gods within the pantheon of the Old Assyrian Empire were: Ishtar, Adad, Sin, Ninurta, Nergal, and Ninlil. Assyrian architecture, like that of Babylonia, was influenced by Sumero-Akkadian styles (and to some degree Mitanni), but early on developed its own distinctive style. Palaces sported colorful wall decorations, and seal-cutting (an art learned from Mittani) developed apace. Schools for scribes taught both the Babylonian and Assyrian dialects of the Akkadian language, and Sumerian and Akkadian literary works were often copied with an Assyrian flavor. Ashur was the head of the\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718479\",\n \"text\": \"number of glyphs was reduced, and the glyph shapes were standardized and simplified, so that modern cuneiform sign inventories are usually based on the Neo-Assyrian glyph shapes. Neo-Assyrian cuneiform remained in use alongside the Aramaic alphabet well into Parthian times. The Aramaic language from the 8th century BC was adopted as the Lingua Franca of the Assyrian Empire and continued by the Achaemenid Empire. Assyrian scribes are often depicted in pairs: one writing in Akkadian on the cuneiform tablet, the other writing in Aramaic on the parchment or papyrus. The main cities that existed in Assyria itself were Nineveh, Ashur,\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406510\",\n \"text\": \"Madius and then Cyaxares the Great, were both in turn subjugated by Ashurbanipal, remaining his vassals. At around this time, Gyges king of Lydia in western Asia Minor, offered his submission to Ashurbanipal. Mass alliances against Assyria were not a new phenomenon. During the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC), peoples such as the Hittites, Babylonians, Mitannians/Hurrians, Elamites, Phrygians, Kassites, Arameans, Gutians and Canaanites had formed various coalitions at different times in vain attempts to break Assyrian power. During the Neo-Assyrian Empire, in the reigns of Shalmaneser III in the 9th century BC, Sargon II in the 8th century BC, and\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406474\",\n \"text\": \"the same year (1133 BC). A third brother, Ashur-resh-ishi I (1133–1116 BC) took the throne. This was to lead to a renewed period of Assyrian expansion and empire. As the Hittite empire collapsed from the onslaught of the Indo-European Phrygians (called Mushki in Assyrian annals), Babylon and Assyria began to vie for Aramaean regions (in modern Syria), formerly under firm Hittite control. When their forces encountered one another in this region, the Assyrian king Ashur-resh-ishi I met and defeated Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon on a number of occasions. Assyria then invaded and annexed Hittite-controlled lands in Asia Minor, Aram (Syria),\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20335886\",\n \"text\": \"an independent state, never to rise again. However, although Babylon, under Nabopolassar, struck Assyria first, it's doubtful that the Babylonians would have scored a final victory over the Assyrian Empire without the support of the Medes. The Median offensive proved to be devastating for the Assyrians. In all of ancient history, the fall of the Assyrian empire is one the most impressive and renowned. Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire The Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire was the last war fought by the Assyrian Empire. The war ultimately led to the destruction of the Assyrian Empire. In the first half of\",\n \"title\": \"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20689292\",\n \"text\": \"was also the basis of the nineteenth century Pony Express in the United States. The use of relays of anonymous messengersinstead of a trusted envoy who must travel the entire distancewas a practice that the Assyrians introduced and remains the basis of today's postal systems. State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire The state communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire allowed the Assyrian king and his officials to send and receive messages across the empire quickly and reliably. Messages were sent using a relay system (Assyrian: \\\"kalliu\\\") which was revolutionary for the early first millennium BCE. Messages were carried by military riders\",\n \"title\": \"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20689281\",\n \"text\": \"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire The state communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire allowed the Assyrian king and his officials to send and receive messages across the empire quickly and reliably. Messages were sent using a relay system (Assyrian: \\\"kalliu\\\") which was revolutionary for the early first millennium BCE. Messages were carried by military riders who travelled on mules. At intervals the riders stopped at purpose-built stations, and the messages were passed to other riders with fresh mounts. The stations were positioned at regular intervals along the imperial highway system. Because messages could be transmitted without delay or waiting for\",\n \"title\": \"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718420\",\n \"text\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 609 BC, and became the largest empire of the world up till that time. The Assyrians perfected early techniques of imperial rule, many of which became standard in later empires, and was, according to many historians, the first real empire in history. The Assyrians were the first to be armed with iron weapons, and used tactics that made them unbeatable. Following the conquests of Adad-nirari II in the late 10th century BC, Assyria emerged as the most powerful state in the known world at\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716481\",\n \"text\": \"the powerbase of the Assyrian Empire if they rebelled again. As a result, Assyrian deportation involved removing one enemy population and settling them into another. Below is a list of deportations carried out by Assyrian Kings: Tiglath Pileser III re-introduced deportation on a grand scale, deporting tens, even hundreds of thousands of people. Deportations were also coupled with colonization; see above for more details. Whenever a rebellion broke out in the Assyrian empire, the Assyrian kings inevitably brutally crushed it (as an alternative to deportation) and enforced great punishments on the rebellious vassals. Ashurnasirpal II assured that the rebellions whom\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718422\",\n \"text\": \"disintegrate due to a brutal and unremitting series of civil wars in Assyria proper. In 616 BC, Cyaxares king of the Medes and Persians made alliances with Nabopolassar ruler of the Babylonians and Chaldeans, and also the Scythians and Cimmerians against Assyria. At the Fall of Harran (609 BC) the Babylonians and Medes defeated an Assyrian-Egyptian alliance, after which Assyria largely ceased to exist as an independent state. A failed attempt to reconquer Harran ended the Assyrian Empire. Although the empire fell, Assyrian history continued; there are still Assyrians living in Iran, Iraq, and elsewhere, in the present day. Assyria\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718466\",\n \"text\": \"Schneider and S.F. Adah have suggested that increased population coupled with severe drought contributed to significant economic and political instability. Conquered peoples were often deported great distances and resettled in Assyrian provinces to minimize the possibility of revolts. The Assyrian heartland had undergone a population explosion during the late 8th and early 7th centuries, largely due to the forced resettlement of conquered peoples into the empire. After its fall, Assyria came to be ruled by the Median Empire as Athura for a short period. Ironically, Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon, was Assyrian, originating from Harran, as was his son\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865461\",\n \"text\": \"BC), Sargon I (c. 1861 BC – c. 1822 BC), Puzur-Ashur II (c. 1822 BC – c. 1814 BC), and Ashur-nirari I (c. 1510 BC – c. 1484 BC.) Ashur-nadin-ahhe II, whose name is a personal Assyrian name meaning “Ashur has given a brother” (c. 1387 BC – c. 1378 BC), also received a tribute of gold and diplomatic overtures from the Egyptian Empire, probably in an attempt to gain Assyrian military support against the Egyptian Empire's rivals in West Asia: the Hittite Empire and the Mitanni. However, the Assyrian king appears to have been in a strong enough position\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20704835\",\n \"text\": \"(according to Assyrian records) were deported to various places throughout the empire, mainly to Guzana in the Assyrian heartland, as well as to the cities of the Medes in the eastern part of the empire (modern-day Iran). The cities of Medes were only conquered by Assyria in 716 BCE, six years after the fall of Samaria, suggesting that the relocation took years to plan before it was implemented. At the same time, people from other parts of the empire were resettled in the depopulated region. Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire In the three centuries starting with the reign of\",\n \"title\": \"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482558\",\n \"text\": \"in the same year (1133 BC). A third brother, Ashur-resh-ishi I (1133–1116 BC) took the throne. This was to lead to a renewed period of Assyrian expansion and empire. As the Hittite empire collapsed from the onslaught of the Indo-European Phrygians (called Mushki in Assyrian annals), Babylon and Assyria began to vie for Aramaean regions (in modern Syria), formerly under firm Hittite control. When their forces encountered one another in this region, the Assyrian king Ashur-resh-ishi I met and defeated Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon on a number of occasions. Assyria then invaded and annexed Hittite-controlled lands in Asia Minor, Aram\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20704833\",\n \"text\": \"usually they were not enslaved and worked in various professions and trades—often in the same field as before their deportation. Those who worked in agriculture were assigned lands, which they owned in the same way as the native inhabitants owned land. Many worked in high-skilled jobs, including as craftsmen, scholars and businessmen. Others served in the royal court, and some others joined the Assyrian military. The state encouraged the mixing of deportees and native inhabitants where they lived, partly to induce a shared \\\"Assyrian\\\" identity regardless of ethnic origins. The resettlement of Israelites conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire were mentioned\",\n \"title\": \"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718469\",\n \"text\": \"corruption of \\\"Assyria\\\" adopted by the Greeks), where it still survives. Tiglath Pileser III made Aramaic the lingua franca of the empire, originally the language of the Arameans. Aramaic was easier to write than Akkadian, so older documents collected by Assyrian kings were translated from Akkadian into Aramaic, and newer ones were written in Aramaic and ignored the Akkadian. Aramaic was the common language of the people and traders, but the official government language was the Neo-Assyrian dialect of Akkadian. By the 6th century, Aramaic had marginalised the Akkadian language so much that Aramaic came to be the imperial language\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20335883\",\n \"text\": \"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire The Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire was the last war fought by the Assyrian Empire. The war ultimately led to the destruction of the Assyrian Empire. In the first half of the seventh century B.C.E, the Assyrian Empire was at the height of its power, the entire fertile crescent was under its control and the Assyrians had established an allied dynasty in Egypt. However, When Assurbanipal died in 627 BCE, his son Assur-etil-ilâni became briefly king before being killed during a revolt, probably launched by his brother, Sin-shar-ishkun. The latter then became king of the\",\n \"title\": \"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718437\",\n \"text\": \"following year, an Assyrian general (Turtanu) named Pulu seized the crown under the name of Tiglath-Pileser III, and made sweeping changes to the Assyrian government, considerably improving its efficiency and security. The conquered provinces were organized under an elaborate bureaucracy, with the king at the head—each district paying a fixed tribute and providing a military contingent. The Assyrian forces at this time became a professional standing army. Assyrian policy was henceforth directed toward reducing the whole civilized world into a single empire, throwing its trade and wealth into Assyrian hands. These changes are often identified as the beginning of the\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865378\",\n \"text\": \"power and influence beyond the Tigris River valley, creating what some regard as the first Assyrian Empire. In this period, the Great Royal Palace was built, and the temple of Ashur was expanded and enlarged with a ziggurat. This empire came to end when Hammurabi, the Amorite king of Babylon incorporated the city into his short lived empire following the death of Ishme-Dagan I c. 1681 BC, and the next three Assyrian kings were regarded as vassals. A king named Adasi drove the Babylonians and Amorites from Assur and Assyria as a whole c. 1720 BC, however little is known\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406496\",\n \"text\": \"Franca\\\" of Assyria and its vast empire, whose Akkadian infused descendant dialects still survive among the modern Assyrian Christian people to this day. Beginning with the campaigns of Adad-nirari II (911–892 BC), Assyria once more became a great power, growing to be the greatest empire the world had yet seen. The new king firmly subjugated the areas that were previously only under nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome Aramean, Neo-Hittite and Hurrian populations in the north to far-off places. Adad-nirari II then twice attacked and defeated Shamash-mudammiq of Babylonia, annexing a large area of land north of the Diyala\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406472\",\n \"text\": \"in Ashur began deteriorating, Tukulti-Ninurta built a new capital city; Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta. He stretched the Assyrian Empire further south than before, conquering Dilmun, a \\\"pre-Arab\\\" civilisation of the Arabian Peninsula that encompassed modern Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the coastal regions of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. However, Tukulti-Ninurta's sons rebelled and besieged the ageing king in his capital. He was murdered and then succeeded by Ashur-nadin-apli (1206–1203 BC) who left the running of his empire to Assyrian regional governors such as Adad-bēl-gabbe. Another unstable period for Assyria followed, it was riven by periods of internal strife and the new king\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406484\",\n \"text\": \"(745–727 BC), a usurper whose original name was \\\"Pulu\\\", initiated a renewed period of Assyrian expansion; Urartu, Persia, Media, Mannea, Babylonia, Arabia, Phoenicia, Israel, Judah, Samaria, Nabatea, Chaldea, Cyprus, Moab, Edom and the Neo-Hittites were subjugated, Tiglath-Pileser III was declared king in Babylon and the Assyrian empire was now stretched from the Caucasus Mountains to Arabia and from the Caspian Sea to Cyprus. Ashur-Dan II (935–912 BC) oversaw a marked economic and organisational upturn in the fortunes of Assyria, laying the platform for it to once again forge an empire. He is recorded as having made successful punitive raids outside\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406514\",\n \"text\": \"Babylonia after a year of warfare by Sin-shar-ishkun (622–612 BC)—who was then himself faced with constant violent rebellion in the Assyrian homeland. This situation led to wholescale revolution in Babylonia, and during the reign of Sin-shar-ishkun many Assyrian colonies to the west, east and north similarly took advantage and ceased to pay tribute to Assyria, most significantly the Medes, Persians, Scythians, Cimmerians, Babylonians, Chaldeans and Arameans. In 615 BC, Cyaxares attacked the Assyrian Empire and his forces defeated the Assyrians at Arrapha. The next year, the Medes decisively defeated the Assyrians at the devastating battle of Assur. This assault greatly\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406475\",\n \"text\": \"and Gutians and Kassite regions in the Zagros, marking an upsurge in imperian expansion. Tiglath-Pileser I (1115–1077 BC), vies with Shamshi-Adad I and Ashur-uballit I among historians as being regarded as the founder of the first Assyrian empire. The son of Ashur-resh-ishi I, he ascended to the throne upon his father's death, and became one of the greatest of Assyrian conquerors during his 38-year reign. His first campaign in 1112 BC was against the Phrygians who had attempted to occupy certain Assyrian districts in the Upper Euphrates region of Asia Minor; after defeating and driving out the Phrygians he then\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406507\",\n \"text\": \"vanquished and driven from Assyrian territory, Urartu (Armenia), Phrygia, Corduene and the Neo-Hittites were in vassalage, and Lydia pleading for Assyrian protection. To the west, Aramea (Syria), the Phoenicians, Israel, Judah, Samarra and Cyprus were subjugated, and the Hellenised inhabitants of Caria, Cilicia, Cappadocia and Commagene paid tribute to Assyria. In 652 BC, just one year after his victory over Phraortes, his own brother Shamash-shum-ukin, the Assyrian king of Babylon who had spent seventeen years peacefully subject to his sibling, became infused with Babylonian nationalism, declaring that Babylon and not Nineveh should be the seat of empire. Shamash-shum-ukin raised a\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716450\",\n \"text\": \"Ashurbanipal, took the southern upper half of Egypt. However, by the end of the Ashurbanipal's reign it appears that the Assyrian Empire was falling into another period of weakness, one from which it would not escape. It appears that years of costly battles followed by constant (and almost unstoppable) rebellions meant that it was a matter of time before Assyria ran out of troops. The loss of the outer regions meant that foreign troops were gone too. By 605 BC, independent political Assyrian records vanish from history and the Assyrians lost their independence forever. The Assyrian empire has been described\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718423\",\n \"text\": \"was originally an Akkadian kingdom which evolved in the 25th to 24th centuries BC. The earliest Assyrian kings such as Tudiya were relatively minor rulers, and after the founding of the Akkadian Empire, which lasted from 2334 BC to 2154 BC, these kings became subject to Sargon of Akkad, who united all the Akkadian- and Sumerian-speaking peoples of Mesopotamia (including the Assyrians) under one rule. The urbanised Akkadian-speaking nation of Assyria emerged in the mid 21st century BC, evolving from the dissolution of the Akkadian Empire. In the Old Assyrian period of the Early Bronze Age, Assyria had been a\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482565\",\n \"text\": \"and the source of the Khabur river, but by the end of his reign many of the areas of Syria and Phoenicia-Canaan to the west of these regions as far as the Mediterranean, previously under firm Assyrian control, were eventually lost by the Assyrian Empire. The Bronze Age Collapse from 1200 BC to 900 BC was a dark age for the entire Near East, North Africa, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Mediterranean, and Balkan regions, with great upheavals and mass movements of people. Assyria and its empire were not unduly affected by these tumultuous events for 150 years, perhaps the only ancient\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865372\",\n \"text\": \"Sargon of Akkad, who united all the Sumero-Akkadian-speaking peoples of Mesopotamia under the Akkadian Empire, which lasted from c. 2334 BC to c. 2154 BC. At that time, the Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) population. Assyria became a regionally powerful nation in the Old Assyrian Empire from c. 2100 BC to c. 1800 BC. The Amorites had overrun the kingdoms of southern Mesopotamia and the Levant between c. 2100 BC and c. 1900 BC, but had hitherto been successfully repelled by the Assyrian kings during this period. However, Erishum II (c. 1818 BC – c. 1809 BC)\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865369\",\n \"text\": \"of Assur, which dates to c. 2600 BC, originally one of a number of Akkadian city states in Mesopotamia. Assyria was also sometimes known as Subartu and Azuhinum prior to the rise of the city-state of Assur, and during the Sasanian Empire as Asōristān. In the Old Assyrian Empire, Assyria established colonies in Anatolia and the Levant and, under king Ilu-shuma, it asserted itself over southern Mesopotamia (what was later to become Babylonia). The first written inscriptions by urbanized Assyrian kings appear c. 2450 BC, after they had shrugged off Sumerian domination. The land of Assyria as a whole then\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716464\",\n \"text\": \"managed to incorporate 60 Israelite chariot teams into his army. With the rise of the Assyrian Empire, new demands were placed on transport and communication. Prior to the Neo-Assyrian Empire, roads in Mesopotamia were little more than well-trodden pathways used by the locals. However, this was inadequate for an empire whose armies were constantly on the move, repressing one revolt after another. The Assyrians were the first to institute, control and maintain a system of roads throughout their empire. A state communication system with regular way stations for messengers to rest and/or exchange mounts were established. Later, these would form\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482564\",\n \"text\": \"city of Araziqu which is before the land of Hatti and at the foot of Mount Lebanon.\\\" These locations show that well into his reign Assyria still controlled a vast empire. Late in his reign, the Middle Assyrian Empire erupted into civil war, when a rebellion was orchestrated by Tukulti-Mer, a pretender to the throne of Assyria. Ashur-bel-kala eventually crushed Tukulti-Mer and his allies, however the civil war in Assyria had allowed hordes of Arameans to take advantage of the situation, and press in on Assyrian controlled territory from the west. Ashur-bel-kala counterattacked them, and conquered as far as Carchemish\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16111764\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Cook note that Assyrian consciousness did not die out after the fall of its empire, asserting that a major revival of Assyrian consciousness and culture took place between the 2nd century BC and 4th century AD. Some continuity-supporters, though not all, argue that Assyrian culture is continuous from ancient times until today. The Assyriologist Simo Parpola echoes Saggs, Brinkman and Biggs, says that there is strong evidence that Assyrian identity and culture continued after the fall of the Assyrian Empire. Parpola asserts that traditional Assyrian religion remained strong until the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, surviving among small communities\",\n \"title\": \"Assyrian continuity\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482559\",\n \"text\": \"(Syria), and Gutians and Kassite regions in the Zagros, marking an upsurge in imperian expansion. Tiglath-Pileser I (1115–1077 BC), vies with Shamshi-Adad I and Ashur-uballit I among historians as being regarded as the founder of the first Assyrian empire. The son of Ashur-resh-ishi I, he ascended to the throne upon his father's death, and became one of the greatest of Assyrian conquerors during his 38-year reign. His first campaign in 1112 BC was against the Phrygians who had attempted to occupy certain Assyrian districts in the Upper Euphrates region of Asia Minor; after defeating and driving out the Phrygians he\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20689287\",\n \"text\": \"father Sargon II. The Neo-Assyrian Empire built a highway system connecting all parts of the empire. These roads, called \\\"hūl šarri\\\" (or \\\"harran šarri\\\" in the Babylonian dialect, \\\"the king's road\\\"), might have grown out of the military roads used for campaigning. They were continuously expanded, with the largest expansion occurring between the reigns of Shalmaneser III () and Tiglathpileser III . To support the communication system, governors of the empire maintained a series of stations in their provinces at regular intervals along the king's road. In Assyrian they were called \\\"bēt mardēti\\\" (\\\"house of a route's stage\\\"). At these\",\n \"title\": \"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20704827\",\n \"text\": \"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire In the three centuries starting with the reign of Ashur-dan II (934-912 BCE), the Neo-Assyrian Empire practiced a policy of resettlement (also called \\\"deportation\\\" or \\\"mass deportation\\\") of population groups in its territories. The majority of the resettlements were done with careful planning by the government in order to strengthen the empire. For example, a population might be moved around to spread agricultural techniques or develop new lands. It could also be done as punishment for political enemies, as an alternative to execution. In other cases, the selected elites of a conquered territory were\",\n \"title\": \"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716449\",\n \"text\": \"his predecessor, and his death led to another period of weakness in Assyrian rule. Assyria would later recover under Tiglath Pileser III, whose reforms once again made Assyria the most powerful force in the Near East, and transformed it into a fully fledged empire – the first of its kind. Later, under Shalmaneser V, Sargon II and Sennacherib, further Assyrian offensives occurred, although these were designed not only for conquest, but also to destroy the enemies ability to undermine Assyrian power. As such, costly battles raged taking tolls on Assyrian manpower. Esarhaddon succeeded in taking lower Egypt and his successor,\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406516\",\n \"text\": \"Egypt, itself a former Assyrian colony, then came to the aid of its former master, possibly in fear to be the next to succumb, having already been ravaged by the Scythians. Certainly by 609 BC at the very latest, Assyria had been destroyed as an independent political entity, although it was to launch major rebellions against the Achaemenid Empire in 546 BC and 520 BC, and remained a geo-political region, ethnic entity and colonised province until the late 7th century AD, with small Assyrian states emerging in the region between the 2nd century BC and 4th century AD. The fate\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20704828\",\n \"text\": \"moved to the Assyrian empire, to enrich and increase knowledge in the empire's centre. Bustenay Oded in 1979 estimated that about 4.4 million people (± 900,000) were relocated over a 250-year period. One instance, the relocation of the Israelites in late eighth century BCE was described in Biblical passages and came to be known as the Assyrian captivity. Resettlements could be done for different reasons. The scenario which affected the largest number of people was the \\\"colonization\\\" scenario, in which population groups were systematically transferred between different regions to strengthen the empire. Imperial administrators planned the population transfers, taking into\",\n \"title\": \"Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716472\",\n \"text\": \"Ashurbanipal's campaigns of conquest, the rebellions following his death may have contributed significantly to the downfall of the empire as fewer vassals were available to pay tribute horses and other war material needed. Horses were a very important war resource and the Assyrian king himself took a personal interest in overseeing an adequate horse supply.Three main sources of horses were: Horses were be drawn from outlying provinces and brought in to be trained with new recruits for war. While cavalry provided the most expensive and effective arm of the Assyrian Empire, infantry were cheaper and more numerous. In the right\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716462\",\n \"text\": \"itself. Battle after battle killed off important soldiers, while the seasons ensured that soldiers returned after a short time to their fields without achieving decisive conquests. By the mid-8th century BC, the Assyrian levy-army could not cope with the demands of an empire that often stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. All was to change when Tiglath Pileser III came to the throne in 745 BC. After increasing the efficiency of the Assyrian administration, he went on to change the Assyrian army as well. The most important aspect of his reform was the introduction of a standing\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716466\",\n \"text\": \"the Assyrian war effort further. Of course, roads that sped up Assyrian troops would not discriminate and would speed up enemy troops as well. The Assyrians were the first to use camels as beasts of burden for their military campaigns. Camels were of greater use than donkeys because they can carry five times the load and yet require less watering. Camels were not domesticated until shortly before 1000 BC, on the eve of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The first camel to be domesticated was the dromedary. Traditionally, the Sumerians are credited for inventing the wheel sometime before 3000 BC, although there\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716471\",\n \"text\": \"horse. By the 7th century BC, mounted Assyrian warriors were well armed with a bow and a lance, and armored with lamellar armour, while their mounts were equipped with fabric armour, providing limited yet useful protection in close combat and against missiles. Cavalry were to form the core of the later Assyrian armies. Large units of cavalry were required to be deployed by the Assyrians; some units consisted of hundreds or even a thousand horsemen. There is little doubt that without a continuous supply of horses, the Assyrian war machine would have collapsed. As the empire suffered horrendous casualties under\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865400\",\n \"text\": \"which included the power to detain people and confiscate property. At the beginning of the reign of an Assyrian king, the limmu, an appointed royal official, would preside over the New Year festival at the capital city. The eponym dating system was a calendar system for Assyria, for a period of over one thousand years. Every year was associated with the name, an eponym, of the limmu, the individual holding office. The dating system is thought to have originated in the ancient city of Assur, and remained the official dating system in Assyria until the end of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718457\",\n \"text\": \"Susa sacked. After the crushing of the Babylonian revolt Ashurbanipal appeared master of all he surveyed. To the east, Elam was devastated and prostrate before Assyria, the Manneans and the Iranian Persians and Medes were vassals. To the south, Babylonia was occupied, the Chaldeans, Arabs, Sutu and Nabateans subjugated, the Nubian empire destroyed, and Egypt paid tribute. To the north, the Scythians and Cimmerians had been vanquished and driven from Assyrian territory, Urartu, Phrygia, Corduene and the neo Hittites were in vassalage, and Lydia pleaded for Assyrian protection. To the west, Aramea (Syria), the Phoenicians, Israel, Judah, Samarra and Cyprus\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718476\",\n \"text\": \"the empire bringing with them what would become the common language: Aramaic, the first unifying factor. The spreading of Aramaic is known as the Aramaization period and soon the new language would become the common language as well as the imperial language. As the people settled in the new land, they became exposed to Assyrian cultural ideas such as \\\"royal ideologies, religious ideas and mythologies...\\\" and it \\\"was incessantly propagated to all segments of the population through imperial art, emperor cult, religious festivals, and the cults of Aššur, Ištar, Nabû, Sîn and other Assyrian gods.\\\" This was a process known\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865375\",\n \"text\": \"of eastern Anatolia. The Hurrians spoke a language isolate, i.e. neither Semitic nor Indo-European. \\\"Assyria\\\" is named after its first capital city, Assur. The city Assur is itself named after its patron deity, Ashur. Assyria was also sometimes known as \\\"Azuhinum\\\", prior to the rise of the city-state of Assur, after which it was referred to as \\\"Aššūrāyu\\\".\\\" “Assyria” can also refer to the geographic region of the Assyrian homeland, roughly equivalent to the territory of the Old Assyrian Empire, and the land of the modern Christian Aramaic-speaking Assyrians. Scholars suggest that Subartu may have been an early name for\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865377\",\n \"text\": \"I left inscriptions regarding the building of temples to the gods Ashur, Adad and Ishtar in the city. Assur developed rapidly into a center for trade, and trade routes led from the city to Anatolia, where merchants from Assur established trading colonies. These Assyrian colonies in Asia Minor were called karu, and traded mostly with tin and wool. In the city of Assur, the first great temples to the city god Ashur and the weather god Adad were erected. Assur was the capital of the empire of Shamshi-Adad I (c. 1754 BC – c. 1721 BC). He expanded the city's\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20689285\",\n \"text\": \"in the Assyrian communication system typically travelled with two mules, so that they did not become stranded if one became lame, and to alternate mounts in order to keep them fresh. Official messages could either be sent by letter carried by a series of relay riders or by a trusted envoy. The relay system (\\\"kalliu\\\") was an Assyrian innovation and allowed for a much faster communication speed. Rather than relying on a trusted envoy to travel the entire distance, in the relay system each individual rider covered only a segment of the route. The segment ended at a station, where\",\n \"title\": \"State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482547\",\n \"text\": \"of growing Assyrian power, to help the Mitanni. The lands of the Mitanni and Hurrians were duly appropriated by Assyria, making it a large and powerful empire. Enlil-nirari (1329–1308 BC) succeeded Ashur-uballit I. He described himself as a \\\"Great-King\\\" (\\\"Sharru rabû\\\") in letters to the Hittite kings. He was immediately attacked by Kurigalzu II of Babylon who had been installed by his father, but succeeded in defeating him, repelling Babylonian attempts to invade Assyria, counterattacking and appropriating Babylonian territory in the process, thus further expanding Assyria. The successor of Enlil-nirari, Arik-den-ili (c. 1307–1296 BC), consolidated Assyrian power, and successfully campaigned\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718438\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Second Assyrian Empire\\\". When Tiglath-Pileser III had ascended the throne of Assyria, he invaded Babylonia, defeated its king Nabonassar, and abducted the gods of Šapazza; these events are recorded in the Assyrian-Babylonian Chronicle. After subjecting Babylon to tribute, defeating Urartu and conquering the Medes, Persians and Neo-Hittites, Tiglath-Pileser III directed his armies into Aramea, of which large swathes had regained independence, and the commercially successful Mediterranean seaports of Phoenicia. He took Arpad near Aleppo in 740 BC after a siege of three years, and razed Hamath. Azariah, king of Judah had been an ally of the king of Hamath, and\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718471\",\n \"text\": \"The rest of the empire was divided into two sects: those who spoke Aramaic and those who spoke Akkadian. Generally, the common people and traders were also bilingual but Aramaic continued to dominate the empire outside Assyria proper. As the Empire fell, only the elite knew how to read and write the Akkadian script. The savage sacking of Nineveh and Assur, as well as numerous other Assyrian cities, ensured that few of these elites survived to pass on the language, but some cities such as Arrapkha were spared the destruction. Akkadian survived the fall of Assyria; the last recorded writings\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10716457\",\n \"text\": \"that military campaigning was limited to a few months of the year. As a result, armies could not conquer vast amounts of land without having to rest (and hence allow their enemy to recover) and even if they did they would not be able to garrison conquered lands with troops for long. The Assyrian army's hierarchy was typical of the Mesopotamian armies at the time. The King whose rule was sanctioned by the gods, would be the commander of the entire army of the Empire. He would appoint senior officers on certain occasions to campaign in his place if his\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406495\",\n \"text\": \"Sepharvaim and Hamath, and settled them in the towns of Samaria to replace the Israelites. Tiglath-Pileser III had reorganised the Assyrian army into the first professional fighting force in history, he also incorporated conquered peoples into the imperial army to serve as light infantry, thus expanding the size of the army. He greatly improved the civil administration of his empire, reducing the influence of hitherto powerful nobles, regional governors and viceroys, and deporting troublesome peoples to other parts of his vast empire, setting the template for all future ancient empires. Tiglath-Pileser III also introduced Mesopotamian Eastern Aramaic as the \\\"Lingua\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406504\",\n \"text\": \"Sidon, Ekron, Byblos, Arvad, Samarra, Ammon, Amalek, and the ten Greek kings of Cyprus, are listed as Assyrian subjects. Esarhaddon expanded the empire as far south as Arabia, Meluhha, Magan and Dilmun (modern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain the United Arab Emirates and Qatar). The conquest by Esarhaddon effectively marked the end of the short-lived Kushite Empire. He imposed a so-called \\\"Vassal Treaty\\\" upon his Persian, Parthian and Median subjects, forcing Teispes of Persia and Deioces of Media to submit both to himself, and in advance to his chosen successor, Ashurbanipal. Esarhaddon died whilst preparing to leave for Egypt to once more\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15326712\",\n \"text\": \"Assyrian captivity The Assyrian captivity (or the Assyrian exile) is the period in the history of Ancient Israel and Judah during which several thousand Israelites of ancient Samaria were resettled as captives by Assyria. This is one of the many instances of forcible relocations implemented by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and successor, Sennacherib, were responsible for finishing the twenty-year demise of Israel's northern ten-tribe kingdom, although they did not overtake the Southern Kingdom. Jerusalem was\",\n \"title\": \"Assyrian captivity\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865452\",\n \"text\": \"(c. 1448 BC), son and successor of Nur-ili, was the ruler of Assyria for just \\\"one complete month\\\". There remains uncertainty concerning the dating of his accession, as the two subsequent Assyrian kings have unknown reign lengths, effectively disconnecting him and his predecessors from the firmer chronology of the later Assyrian King List. Although there are no extant contemporary inscriptions for him or his immediate predecessor or successors, his name appears on two of the Assyrian King Lists and faintly at the end of the first column of the Synchronistic King List, level with where one of the successors' to\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865447\",\n \"text\": \"from the Third Dynasty of Babylon. The Assyrian King List records that he reigned for fourteen years before being succeeded by his sons. His sons were Sharma-Adad II and Erishum III. Shamshi-Adad II (c. 1529 BC – c. 1526 BC), son and successor of Shu-Ninua (c. 1542 BC – c. 1529 BC), is implausibly stated by the Synchronistic King List to have had eight different contemporary Kassite rulers. Ashur-nirari I (1547–1522 BC) seems not to have been troubled by the newly founded Mitanni Empire in Asia Minor, the Hittite empire, or Babylon during his 25-year reign. He is known to\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20335884\",\n \"text\": \"Assyrian Empire, but Babylonia's governor, Nabopolassar proclaimed himself king of Babylonia. From 626/625 BCE, Sin-shar-ishkun engaged in a war to make Babylonia come back under his rule. The Assyrians quickly conquered Uruk but lost it again. The Babylonians defeated the Assyrians at the battle of Nippur and aftermath, are victorious in 616 BC and 615 BC (Battle of Arrapha) but are defeated at Assur. The situation changed when the Medes, under the command of Cyaxares, invaded the Assyrian Empire, beating them in 614 BC at the battle of Tarbisu and at Assur (which was looted), but the Babylonians were defeated\",\n \"title\": \"Medo-Babylonian war against Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15326732\",\n \"text\": \"there is where the complete history of the dispersion of the Northern Kingdom tribes is seen, in 2 Esdras 13:40–48. Assyrian captivity The Assyrian captivity (or the Assyrian exile) is the period in the history of Ancient Israel and Judah during which several thousand Israelites of ancient Samaria were resettled as captives by Assyria. This is one of the many instances of forcible relocations implemented by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and successor, Sennacherib, were responsible\",\n \"title\": \"Assyrian captivity\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718446\",\n \"text\": \"heavily defended city of Lachish) in his path. This is graphically described in Isaiah 10; exactly what happened next is unclear (the Bible says an angel of the Lord killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers at Jerusalem after Hezekiah prayed in the temple). Sennacherib's account says Judah paid him tribute and he left. The Hebrew Bible states that Hezekiah did pay tribute once, and the Assyrians left, but returned a second time when the soldiers were then killed; however what is certain is that Sennacherib failed to actually capture Jerusalem. Marduk-apla-iddina had returned to Babylonia during the reign of Sennacherib. The Assyrian\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718433\",\n \"text\": \"Assyrian rule, and Shamshi-Adad V spent the remainder of his reign reasserting control over those peoples. During this period, Urartu took the opportunity to reassert its influence on the region. As a result of all these events, Assyria did not expand further during the reign of Shamshi-Adad V. Adad-nirari III was a boy when succeeding his father in 811 BC, and for five years until 806 BC, his mother, Queen Sammuramat (also depicted as Semiramis) ruled as regent in his stead. Despite the numerous legends regarding this queen, she is mentioned little in Assyrian records of the time. In 806\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10100632\",\n \"text\": \"the defeat of Ashur-uballit II in 608 BC at Haran, at Carchemish in 605 BC, and after the last centre of Assyrian imperial records at Dūr-Katlimmu in 599 BC, the Assyrian empire was divided up by the key invading forces, the Babylonians and the Medes, with the Medes ruling Assyria proper. The Assyrian people, after the fall of their empire, fell under foreign domination ever since. Assyria came under the rule of the short lived Median Empire until 546 BC. The last king of Babylon, Nabonidus (together with his son and co-regent Belshazzar), was ironically an Assyrian from Harran. Assyria\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Assyrian people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10100627\",\n \"text\": \"powerful state in the region, extending colonies into south east Anatolia, the northern Levant, central Mesopotamia and north western Ancient Iran. The Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC) saw Assyria emerge as the most powerful military and political force in the known world, destroying the Mitanni-Hurrian empire, largely annexing the Hittite Empire, forcing the Egyptian Empire from the region, conquering Babylonia and besting the Elamites, Kassites and Phrygians among others. Middle Assyrian Empire kings extended Assyrian domination from Mount Ararat in the north to Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the south, and from the Eastern Mediterranean and Antioch in the west to\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Assyrian people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482562\",\n \"text\": \"The general view is that the restoration of the temple of the gods Ashur and Hadad at the Assyrian capital of Assur (Ashur) was one of his initiatives. He also invaded and defeated Babylon twice, assuming the old title \\\"King of Sumer and Akkad\\\", forcing tribute from Babylon, although he did not actually depose the actual king in Babylonia, where the old \\\"Kassite Dynasty\\\" had now succumbed to an Elamite one. He was succeeded by Asharid-apal-Ekur (1076–1074 BC) who reigned for just two years. His reign marked the elevation of the office of \\\"ummânu\\\" (royal scribe) in importance. Ashur-bel-kala (1073–1056\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406444\",\n \"text\": \"BC – c. 1921 BC), son and successor of Ilu-shuma, built a major temple for the god Ningal. He further strengthened the fortifications of the city of Assur and maintained Assyria's colonies in Asia Minor. Sargon I or Šarru-kīn I (c. 1920 BC – c. 1881 BC), son and successor of Ikunum, reigned as king of the Old Assyrian Empire for an unusually long 39 years. Sargon I might have been named after his predecessor Sargon of Akkad. The name “Sargon” means “the king is legitimate” in Akkadian. Sargon I is known for his work refortifying Assur. Very little is\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406492\",\n \"text\": \"prematurely in 782 BC, which led to a temporary period of stagnation within the empire. Assyria continued its military dominance, however Shalmaneser IV (782 - 773 BC) himself seems to have wielded little personal authority, and a victory over Argishti I, king of Urartu at Til Barsip is accredited to an Assyrian General (Turtanu) named Shamshi-ilu, who does not even bother to mention his king. Shamshi-ilu also scored victories over the Arameans, Phrygians, Persians and Neo-Hittites, and again, takes personal credit at the expense of his king. Ashur-dan III ascended the throne in 772 BC. He proved to be a\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15203400\",\n \"text\": \"Assyrian conquest of Aram The Assyrian conquest of Aram (c. 856-732 BC) concerns the series of conquests of largely Aramean, Phoenician, Sutean and Neo-Hittite states in The Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon and northern Jordan) during the Neo Assyrian Empire (911-605 BC). This region was known as Eber Nari and Aramea during the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1020 BC) and Neo-Assyrian Empire. Parts of the eastern Levant had been under the dominion of the Old Assyrian Empire (c.2025-1750 BC) at a time when the Levant was largely occupied by Amorite and Canaanite tribes. During the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1020 BC) Assyria rose\",\n \"title\": \"Assyrian conquest of Aram\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406465\",\n \"text\": \"King Shattuara and his Hittite and Aramaean allies, finally completely destroying the Hurri-Mitannian kingdom in the process. Like his father, Shalmaneser was a great builder and he further expanded the city of Kalhu at the juncture of the Tigris and Zab Rivers. Ashur-uballit I attacked and defeated Mattiwaza, the king of Mitanni, despite attempts by the Hittite king Suppiluliumas, now fearful of growing Assyrian power, to help Mitanni. The lands of the Hurrians and Mitanni were duly appropriated by Assyria, making it a large and powerful empire. By the reign of Eriba-Adad I (1392–1366 BC) Mitannian influence over Assyria was\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406452\",\n \"text\": \"With Hammurabi, the various kārum colonies in Anatolia ceased trade activity–probably because the goods of Assyria were now being traded with the Babylonians. The Assyrian monarchy survived; however, the three Amorite kings succeeding Ishme-Dagan I (including Mut-Ashkur) were largely vassals and dependent on the Babylonians during the reign of Hammurabi. Rimush, inscribed \\\"ri-mu-u\\\"[\\\"š\\\"] on the only variant king list on which he appears, (c. 1739 BC – c. 1733 BC), a successor to and probably a descendant of Išme-Dagān I, would appear to be named for the second king of the Akkadian Empire Rimush of Akkad (c. 2214 BC –\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406456\",\n \"text\": \"relied upon by later monarchs. During Ashur-dugul's reign six other kings, “sons of nobodies also ruled at the time”. This may suggest a fragmentation in the small Assyrian kingdom, with rival claims to the throne. Ashur-dugul was unable to retain control for long, and was soon deposed by a rival claimant, Ashur-apla-idi, who was in turn followed by Nasir-Sin, Sin-namir, Ipqi-Ishtar and Adad-salulu. The short-lived Babylonian Empire quickly began to unravel upon the death of Hammurabi, and Babylonia quickly lost control over Assyria during the reign of Hammurabi's successor Samsu-iluna (1750–1712 BC). A period of civil war ensued after Asinum\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406461\",\n \"text\": \"who appears to have had a peaceful and uneventful reign, as does his successor Nur-ili (1482–1471 BC). The son of Nur-ili, Ashur-shaduni (1470 BC) was deposed by his uncle Ashur-rabi I (1470–1451 BC) in his first year of rule. Little is known about his nineteen-year reign, but it appears to have been largely uneventful. Ashur-nadin-ahhe I (1450–1431 BC) was courted by the Egyptians, who were rivals of Mitanni, and attempting to gain a foothold in the Near East. Amenhotep II sent the Assyrian king a tribute of gold to seal an alliance against the Hurri-Mitannian empire. It is likely that\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406445\",\n \"text\": \"known about this king. Puzur-Ashur II (c. 1881 BC – c. 1873 BC), son and successor of Sargon I, was king of the Old Assyrian Empire for eight years. Due to his father's long reign he came to the throne at a late age since one of his sons, named Ili-bani, was a witness in a contract (and so already a grown man) eleven years before Puzur-Ashur II became ruler. Naram-Sin or Narām–Suen, (c. 1872 BC – c. 1818 BC), son and successor of Puzur-Ashur II, was named for the illustrious Naram-Sin of Akkad and, like his grandfather, Sargon I,\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13514431\",\n \"text\": \"Persia. As a result, al-Husayni fled to Persia where he was granted legation asylum first by the Empire of Japan and then by Fascist Italy. By 1942, the Iraq Levies consisted of a Headquarters, a Depot, Specialist Assyrian companies, 40 service companies and the 1st Parachute Company, which consisted of 75% Assyrian and 25% Kurd. The new Iraq Levies disciplinary code was based largely on the Indian Army Act. The Levies had 22 Assyrian companies, 5 Mixed Assyrian/Yizidi companies, 10 Kurdish companies, 4 Gulf Arab companies and 3 Baluchi companies. Eleven Assyrian companies served in World War II-era Palestine and\",\n \"title\": \"Assyrian independence movement\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865408\",\n \"text\": \"a syllabic and logographic meaning. The complexity of the system bears a resemblance to Old Japanese, written in a Chinese-derived script, where some of these Sinograms were used as logograms, and others as phonetic characters. This \\\"mixed\\\" method of writing continued throughout the Old Assyrian Period, although there were periods when \\\"purism\\\" was in fashion and there was a more marked tendency to spell out the words laboriously, in preference to using signs with a phonetic complement. Hittite cuneiform is an adaptation of the Old Assyrian cuneiform of c. 1800 BC to the Hittite language. When the cuneiform script was\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10100629\",\n \"text\": \"as by the Assyrians. According to the Assyrian King List, the earliest king of Assyria was Tudiya. From the late 24th century BC it became a part of the Akkadian Empire, based in the city of Akkad, which united all of the Akkadian speaking Semites (including the Assyrians) under one rule. Assyria regained its independence in the early 21st century BC. Assyria became an imperial power with the Old Assyrian Empire (1975–1750 BC), and the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC), the latter of which became the most powerful state in the region, eclipsing Egypt, the Hittites, Mitanni, Babylonia and Elam.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Assyrian people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19406446\",\n \"text\": \"took the divine determinative in his name. Assyria was wealthy as the hub of the trading network at the height of the Old Assyrian Empire's activity. Naram-Sin came under attack from Shamshi-Adad, in an attempt to usurp the Assyrian throne, however the would be usurper was defeated, and The Assyrian King List records that Shamshi-Adad I, “went away to Babylonia in the time of Narām-Sîn.” Shamshi-Adad I was not to return until taking the Assyrian city of Ekallatum, pausing three years and then overthrowing Erishum II (c. 1817 BC – c. 1809 BC), son and successor of Naram-Sin. Shamshi-Adad I\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865368\",\n \"text\": \"at its peak. At its peak, the Assyrian empire ruled over what the ancient Mesopotamian religion referred to as the \\\"four corners of the world\\\": as far north as the Caucasus Mountains within the lands of what is today called Armenia and Azerbaijan, as far east as the Zagros Mountains within the territory of present-day Iran, as far south as the Arabian Desert of today's Saudi Arabia, as far west as the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea, and even further to the west in Egypt and eastern Libya. Assyria is named for its original capital, the ancient city\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718445\",\n \"text\": \"the famous \\\"the Palace without a Rival\\\", he made Nineveh a beautiful city and improved the city, planting orchards and gardens. The Egyptians had begun agitating peoples within the Assyrian empire in an attempt to gain a foothold in the region. As a result, in 701 BC, Hezekiah of Judah, Lule king of Sidon, Sidka, king of Ascalon and the king of Ekron formed an alliance with Egypt against Assyria. Sennacherib attacked the rebels, conquering Ascalon, Sidon and Ekron and defeating the Egyptians and driving them from the region. He marched toward Jerusalem, destroying 46 towns and villages (including the\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865455\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"anchors\\\" in the various attempts to define the chronology of Babylonia and Assyria between c. 2000 BC – c. 1300 BC.) Ashur-nadin-ahhe I (c. 1430 BC – c. 1415 BC), son and successor of Ashur-rabi I, was courted by the Egyptian Empire, which was a rival of the Mitanni, and attempting to gain a foothold in the Ancient Near East. Amenhotep II sent the Assyrian king a tribute of gold to seal an alliance against the Mitanni. It is likely that this alliance prompted Saushtatar, the ruler of the Mitanni, to invade Assyria, and sack its capital city, after\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718463\",\n \"text\": \"Cyaxares, the Median king, made an alliance with Nabopolassar and with the help of the Scythians and Cimmerians attacked Assyria. Assyria now faced overwhelming odds, and after four years of bitter fighting, the coalition destroyed Nineveh in 612 BC after a long siege, followed by house-to-house fighting. Thus the Assyrian empire is falling, Sinsharishkun being killed in the process. A general called Ashur-uballit II was declared king of Assyria, and with belated military support from the Egyptian pharaoh Necho II, whose dynasty had been installed with the help of the Assyrians, held out at Harran until 609 BC. Egyptian aid\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865401\",\n \"text\": \"in 605 BC. The names of the limmu who became eponyms were chosen by lot, until c. 1000 BC it became a fixed rotation of officers headed by the king who constituted the limmu. The earliest known attestations of a year eponyms are at Karum Kanesh, and became used in other Assyrian colonies in Anatolia. Its spread was due to Shamshi-Adad I's unification of Upper Mesopotamia (c. 1754 BC — c. 1721 BC.) A very intimate cultural symbiosis developed between the Sumerian people and the Akkadian Empire, which included widespread bilingualism c. 2400 BC. The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10718472\",\n \"text\": \"in Akkadian cuneiform date from the 1st century AD, and writings in Akkadian (but in the Aramaic/Syriac script) date as late as the 3rd century AD. The Assyrian empire expanded through establishing provinces and vassal states. Many of these lands were under control by members of the king's court. Most of these offices had names that were titular, but holders of these offices may have enacted their namesakes in ceremonial manners. The provinces were a form of territorial control and were made up of the capital city, farming villages, road stations, outposts, and garrisons. The province itself was managed by\",\n \"title\": \"Neo-Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12482551\",\n \"text\": \"cities. The Hittites, having failed to save Mitanni, allied with Babylon in an unsuccessful economic war against Assyria for many years. Assyria was now a large and powerful empire, and a major threat to Egyptian and Hittite interests in the region, and was perhaps the reason that these two powers, fearful of Assyrian might, made peace with one another. Like his father, Shalmaneser was a great builder and he further expanded the city of Kalhu at the juncture of the Tigris and Zab Rivers. Shalmaneser's son and successor, Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244–1207 BC), won a major victory against the Hittites and\",\n \"title\": \"Middle Assyrian Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10865405\",\n \"text\": \"Proper names continued to be usually written in purely \\\"logographic\\\" fashion. The archaic cuneiform script was adopted by the Akkadian Empire from c. 2500 BC, and by 2000 BC had evolved into Old Assyrian cuneiform, with many modifications to Sumerian orthography. The Semitic languages employed equivalents for many signs that were distorted or abbreviated to represent new values because the syllabic nature of the script as refined by the Sumerians was not intuitive to Semitic speakers. At this stage, the former pictograms were reduced to a high level of abstraction, and were composed of only five basic wedge shapes: horizontal,\",\n \"title\": \"Old Assyrian Empire\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["middle east"],"string":"[\n \"middle east\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1287,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what currency does the dominican republic?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"105707","text":"China 13.9%, Mexico 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2017) Debt - external: $29.69 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $76.99 million (2005) Currency: Dominican peso Exchange rates: Dominican pesos per US dollar - 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (2004), 30.831 (2003) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has the ninth largest economy in Latin America, and is the largest in the Caribbean and Central region. It is an upper middle-income developing country primarily dependent on mining, agriculture, trade, and services. Although the service sector has recently overtaken agriculture as the leading","title":"Economy of the Dominican Republic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105707\",\n \"text\": \"China 13.9%, Mexico 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2017) Debt - external: $29.69 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $76.99 million (2005) Currency: Dominican peso Exchange rates: Dominican pesos per US dollar - 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (2004), 30.831 (2003) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has the ninth largest economy in Latin America, and is the largest in the Caribbean and Central region. It is an upper middle-income developing country primarily dependent on mining, agriculture, trade, and services. Although the service sector has recently overtaken agriculture as the leading\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the Dominican Republic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"13066740","text":"\"Sugarball,\" \"Nothing typifies the new direction of Dominican baseball as much as the baseball academy, an institution rooted in the increased presence and benevolent paternalism of North American baseball interests in the country.\" The first baseball academy in the Dominican Republic was built in 1977 by Ralph Avila. In his description of baseball academies in the Dominican Republic, Alan Klein wrote \"What the academy does in working with the Dominican players goes beyond teaching baseball skills. They teach career preparation, socialization and how to cope with the cultural changes they will face in the United States.\" Campo Las Palmas is","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11843501","text":"LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the Dominican Republic do not enjoy the same rights as non-LGBT residents, and face legal and social challenges that are not experienced by other people. While the Dominican Criminal Code does not expressly prohibit homosexuality or cross-dressing, it also does not address discrimination or harassment on the account of sexual orientation or gender identity, nor does it recognize same sex unions in any form, whether it be marriage or partnerships. Household headed by same-sex couples are also not eligible for any of the same rights given","title":"LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11843517","text":"legal gender. A February 2018 poll of over 300,000 people conducted by CDN 37 found that 55% of respondents opposed same-sex marriage, while 45% supported it. LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the Dominican Republic do not enjoy the same rights as non-LGBT residents, and face legal and social challenges that are not experienced by other people. While the Dominican Criminal Code does not expressly prohibit homosexuality or cross-dressing, it also does not address discrimination or harassment on the account of sexual orientation or gender identity, nor does it recognize same sex","title":"LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2737712","text":"route to winning the World Baseball Classic. In boxing, the Dominican Republic has produced scores of world-class fighters and several world champions. Basketball also enjoys a relatively high level of popularity. Al Horford, Felipe Lopez, and Francisco Garcia are among the Dominican-born players currently or formerly in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Olympic gold medalist and world champion hurdler Félix Sánchez hails from the Dominican Republic, as does NFL defensive end Luis Castillo. Other important sports include, Volleyball, which was introduced in 1916 by US Marines, is controlled by the Dominican Volleyball Federation. Other sports include taekwondo, in which Gabriel","title":"Culture of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11343570","text":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the Vice President shall be elected along with the President. Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional Vice Presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting Vice Presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana. After","title":"Vice President of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105540","text":"History of the Dominican Republic The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa-born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Quisqueya (Kiskeya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (\"the Spanish Island\"), later Latinized to Hispaniola. What would become the Dominican Republic was the Spanish Captaincy General of Santo Domingo","title":"History of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13679531","text":"Constitution of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has gone through 39 constitutions, more than any other country, since its independence in 1844. This statistic is a somewhat deceiving indicator of political stability, however, because of the Dominican practice of promulgating a new constitution whenever an amendment was ratified. Although technically different from each other in some particular provisions, most new constitutions contained in reality only minor modifications of those previously in effect. Sweeping constitutional innovations were actually relatively rare. The large number of constitutions does, however, reflect a basic lack of consensus on the rules that should govern the","title":"Constitution of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18875583","text":"International Haiti and Mister International USA. The winner of Mister Dominican Republic represents Dominican Republic at the Mister International. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent. Mister República Dominicana Universe Model is a model pageant to select its winner to the Men Universe Model. The pageant previously named Mister Universe Model then renamed Men Universe Model since 2013. Mister República Dominicana Universe Model collaborates MEN UNIVERSE MODEL Company to held one of the most prestigious male international pageant in the world in the Dominican Republic. This pageant leads by","title":"Mister Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096811","text":"the Dominican Republic is Dominican rap. Also known as \"Rap del Patio\" (\"yard rap\") it is rap music created by Dominican crews and solo artists. Originating in the early 2000s with crews such as Charles Family, successful rappers such as Lapiz Conciente, Vakero, Toxic Crow, and R-1 emerged. The youth have embraced the music, sometimes over merengue, merengue típico, bachata, as well as salsa, and, most recently, reggaeton. Dominican rap differs from reggaeton in the fact that Dominican rap does not use the traditional Dem Bow rhythm frequently used in reggaeton, instead using more hip hop-influenced beats. As well, Dominican","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13324456","text":"then hangs up when the phone is answered with the hope that they will be curious enough to call the number back. When the victim does this, an automatic $19.95 international call fee is charged to their account, as well as $9.00/min thereafter. Similar scams have been linked to Grenada (area code 473), Antigua (area code 268), Jamaica (area code 876) and the British Virgin Islands (area code 284). Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North","title":"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20526461","text":"Dominican Republic–Spain relations Dominican Republic–Spain relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and the Organization of Ibero-American States. The first Europeans to arrive to what is now present day Dominican Republic was in December 1492 when explorer Christopher Columbus arrived to the island of Hispaniola. In 1493, Columbus built one of the first European settlements in the Americas and called it \"La Isabela\", named after Spanish Queen Isabella I of Castile. Soon after Columbus's arrival to Hispaniola, most of the native Taíno","title":"Dominican Republic–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"105398","text":"of the island, who were subjected to slavery, and to the education of the inhabitants of the island. For most of its history, up until independence, the country was known as —the name of its present capital and patron saint, Saint Dominic—and continued to be commonly known as such in English until the early 20th century. The residents were called \"Dominicans\" (), which is the adjective form of \"Domingo\", and the revolutionaries named their newly independent country \"Dominican Republic\" (). In the national anthem of the Dominican Republic (), the term \"Dominicans\" does not appear. The author of its lyrics,","title":"Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"1911988","text":"twice and its derivative demonym, \"quisqueyanos\", is used once. However, research later shows that these words does not seem to derive from the original Arawak Taíno language. In public, the national anthem is usually performed through the end of the lyric's fourth paragraph. Also note that, no official translation of the Spanish lyrics into any other language, including English, has been enacted into law. National Anthem of the Dominican Republic The Dominican National Anthem is the national anthem of the Dominican Republic. Its music was composed by José Rufino Reyes Siancas (1835–1905), and its lyrics were authored by Emilio Prud’Homme","title":"National Anthem of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096779","text":"People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \"Dominican\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic was known as Santo Domingo, the name of its present","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096816","text":"has produced scores of world-class fighters and world champions. \"Notes\": People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \"Dominican\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096815","text":"Albert Pujols, Adrián Beltré, José Reyes, José Bautista, Hanley Ramírez, Miguel Tejada, Juan Marichal, Rafael Furcal and Sammy Sosa. Olympic gold medalist and world champion over 400 m hurdles Félix Sánchez hails from the Dominican Republic, as does current defensive end for the San Diego Chargers (National Football League [NFL]), Luis Castillo. Castillo was the cover athlete for the Spanish language version of Madden NFL 08. The National Basketball Association (NBA) also has had players from the Dominican Republic, like Charlie Villanueva, Al Horford and Francisco García. Boxing is one of the more important sports after baseball, and the country","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105716","text":"there have been incidents in which authorities intimidated journalists or other news professionals. Local journalists engage in self-censorship, particularly when coverage could adversely affect the economic or political interests of media owners. The government denies using unauthorized wiretapping or other surreptitious methods to interfere with the private lives of individuals and families, however, human rights groups and opposition politicians allege that such interference does occur. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Numerous television channels are available. Tricom, S.A, Wind Telecom, and Claro Codetel provide television services","title":"Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2595188","text":"II of Constitution of the Dominican Republic giving the following rights and obligations: \" 'in its status as head of state corresponding:' \" According to the Constitution of the Dominican Republic of 1966, in its modification of the year 2015 by the Congress, the President: President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \"Your Excellency,","title":"President of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"10277881","text":"Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly declined. There were 1,198 murders in 2017, a rate of 14.9 per 100,000. The Dominican Republic has become a trans-shipment point for Colombian drugs destined to Europe as well as the United States and Canada. Money laundering via the Dominican Republic is favored by Colombian drug cartels for","title":"Crime in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105536","text":"produced scores of world-class fighters and several world champions, such as Carlos Cruz, his brother Leo, Juan Guzman, and Joan Guzman. Basketball also enjoys a relatively high level of popularity. Tito Horford, his son Al, Felipe Lopez, and Francisco Garcia are among the Dominican-born players currently or formerly in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Olympic gold medalist and world champion hurdler Félix Sánchez hails from the Dominican Republic, as does NFL defensive end Luis Castillo. Other important sports are volleyball, introduced in 1916 by U.S. Marines and controlled by the Dominican Volleyball Federation, taekwondo, in which Gabriel Mercedes won an","title":"Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049658","text":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and consisted of peasants who crossed the border to the Dominican Republic because of the land scarcity in Haiti; in 1874 the Haitian military occupied La Miel valley and","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066734","text":"Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic society. Baseball is the most popular sport on the island and Major League Baseball has been recruiting players from the Dominican Republic since the 1960s. Association football is the second sport of the country. Baseball is the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic today. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371310","text":"Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional rights as men in the economic, political, cultural and social fields, as well as in the family. Their character has been defined by their history, culture, tradition and experience. Constitutionally, the modern-day women of the Dominican Republic are equal to men in terms of rights and property ownership. Culturally, the women of the Dominican Republic have an attitude that is known as \"machista\" behavior, where women understood and to a certain degree accepted the \"machismo\" nature of Dominican Republic men. By tradition, Dominican Republic women are expected","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066744","text":"Marlins Park in Miami, FL. Although thousands of players from the island have played in the MLB, only 3 have been inducted into The National Baseball Hall of Fame. Those players are Juan Marichal, Vladimir Guerrero and Pedro Martinez. Although hundreds of Dominican players make their way to the United States to play professional baseball it has done little to improve relations between the two countries. Alan Klein wrote \"No other country dominates the Dominican Republic as much as the United States does.\" From 1870-1980, the United States made their presence felt on Dominican soil and it did nothing but","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049672","text":"Paez and Ramón Ceballos, the administrative and eligibility directors of the Dominican Basketball Federation (FEDOMBAL), there is no record of participation of Dominican basketball players of Haitian descent. Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"16415457","text":"Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low by Caribbean standards, with an estimated 62,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans. In contrast neighboring Haiti has an HIV/AIDS rate more than double that of the Dominican Republic. A mission based","title":"Health in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18136391","text":"1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether the Pope would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should comply with the tribunal outcome if it was unfavourable to the Dominican Republic. All four proposals were approved by voters. As a result of the referendum, the two countries signed an arbitration agreement on 3 July 1895.","title":"1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum"},{"psg_id":"105472","text":"Haiti is strained over mass Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic, with citizens of the Dominican Republic blaming the Haitians for increased crime and other social problems. The Dominican Republic is a regular member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. The Dominican Republic has a Free Trade Agreement with the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua via the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement. And an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union and the Caribbean Community via the Caribbean Forum. Congress authorizes a combined military force of 44,000 active duty personnel. Actual active duty","title":"Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"9170954","text":"Dominican franco The franco was a currency introduced in the Dominican Republic in 1891, as the Dominican Republic Government, then headed by president Ulises Heureaux intended to join the Latin Monetary Union. It was subdivided into 100 centesimos. Five denominations of coins were issued, 5, 10 and 50 centesimos, 1 and 5 francos. Although apparently intended to replace the mexican peso which was the main circulating currency back then, this did not happen, because the Dominican Government did not establish parity with the circulating mexican peso and in 1897, new coins denominated in pesos and similar in design to the","title":"Dominican franco"},{"psg_id":"2595181","text":"President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \"Your Excellency, Mr. President\" during his time in office. His official residence is the National Palace. The article CXXVIII of the constitution instructs the president of the \"faithful execution of the Dominican Law\" and confers on him the rank of commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the National","title":"President of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"825892","text":"Politics of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy, where the President of the Dominican Republic functions as both the head of the government and head of the multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral National Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. With the proclamation of the first constitution in the Dominican Republic on 6 November 1844 in the city of San Cristobal, the Dominican theory of sovereignty, 'independence politics', was formed. The Dominican Republic would remain for the most part republican and","title":"Politics of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"14770194","text":"the Dominican Republic. The usage is a play on words whereby the concept of the Trinity is overlapped with the establishment of one nation by the three founding fathers: Duarte, Sánchez, and Mella. La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic) La Trinitaria (, \"The Trinity\") was a secret society founded in Juan Pablo Duarte's home situated in what today is known as Arzobispo Nouel Street, across from the \"Del Carmen's Church\" in the then occupied Santo Domingo, the current capital of the Dominican Republic. The founder, Juan Pablo Duarte and a group of like minded young people, led the struggle to establish the","title":"La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic)"},{"psg_id":"14770189","text":"La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic) La Trinitaria (, \"The Trinity\") was a secret society founded in Juan Pablo Duarte's home situated in what today is known as Arzobispo Nouel Street, across from the \"Del Carmen's Church\" in the then occupied Santo Domingo, the current capital of the Dominican Republic. The founder, Juan Pablo Duarte and a group of like minded young people, led the struggle to establish the Dominican Republic as a free, sovereign, and independent nation in the 19th century. They helped bring about the end of the Haitian occupation of the island from 1822 to 1844. La Trinitaria was","title":"La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic)"},{"psg_id":"17913799","text":"first executive branch having been established in the first Constitution of the Dominican Republic in November, 1844. Ministries are analogous to Departments and Secretaries of State in others nations. Different from what happens in other countries, by constitutional specification, not minister formed part of line of succession, reserves for the Vice President and the President of the Supreme Court of Justice. The heads of the ministries, known as Ministers of their respective department, form the traditional Cabinet of the Dominican Republic, an executive organ that serves at the disposal of the president for the coordination of the government affairs and","title":"Ministries of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066738","text":"and soon after teams from the MLB began sending scouts to watch Dominican Republic players play. Between 1955 and 1980 there were 49 players from the Dominican Republic who played in the MLB. However, in the 1980s hundreds of players started coming to the United States as there became \"working relationships between North American and Dominican teams.\" The first great pitcher from the Dominican Republic who starred in the United States was Juan Marichal who is nicknamed the \"Dominican Dandy\". He began his playing career in the MLB in 1960 after he was signed from the Dominican Republic by the","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11335287","text":"Dominican Republic at the Olympics The Dominican Republic first participated in the Olympic Games in 1964, when Alberto Torres de la Mota (\"\"El Gringo\" \") participated in the 10th heat of the 100m competition and ran 10.9sec, finishing 6th, not qualifying for the next round. The Dominican Republic has appeared in every one of the games since then. The Dominican Republic has never participated at the Winter Olympic Games. The Dominican Republic has won six medals at the Olympics. Pedro Nolasco won a bronze in boxing at the 1984 Summer Olympics and in 2004 Félix Sánchez won a gold in","title":"Dominican Republic at the Olympics"},{"psg_id":"10277884","text":"During that time, abductors would contact family members and demand huge sums of money for the release of their loved ones. Most families paid the amount, and the victims were released unharmed. High crime areas in the capital include Arroyo Hondo, Naco, Gazcue, Cristo Rey and Villa Agricola.Pantoja Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly","title":"Crime in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"16415459","text":"pay for medical supplies. Government expenditure on healthcare is about $180 per person per year, slightly more than half the average for the Latin American and Caribbean region. Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low","title":"Health in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"4494117","text":"the Armed Forces and National Police, and ban all people who have lost or have suspended his citizen rights, like convicted criminals or accused of treason from voting for a fixed period of time or indefinitely. The number of Dominican adults who will be eligible to vote in 2016 elections are projected to be 7.2 million. Different to what happen in others countries, voter registration in Dominican Republic is automatic and based on a database of the Civil Registry in charge of the JCE and resident foreigners possessing a (Cédula de Identidad y Electoral) \"Identity and Electoral Document\" (The Dominican","title":"Elections in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"4395405","text":"however. The main Dominican parties campaign in Puerto Rico during presidential elections and raise important amounts of funds from the Dominican residents. Dominicans in Puerto Rico send millions of dollars per month to their relatives in the Dominican Republic, and are thus also important as a source of foreign currency for the D.R. The 2010 census estimated a population of 68,036 Dominicans in Puerto Rico, equal to 1.8% of the Commonwealth's population. Data from the 2000 census shows that 55% of this group lived in San Juan municipality, 11% in Carolina, and 7% in Bayamón. San Juan is about 9%","title":"Dominican Republic immigration to Puerto Rico"},{"psg_id":"12609032","text":"that was made 2003 until 2013. Since 1956 they crowned Miss Dominican Republic, Miss Dominican World and Reina Nacional de Belleza Miss República Dominicana together. Then they split up in 2003. In 2011, the Miss Dominican Republic World was given to Dominican designer Diany Mota, along with Miss Dominican Republic International. The Dominican Republic Earth, also known as Miss Tierra República Dominicana, used to be crowned together with the Miss Dominican Republic Universe, Miss Dominica World, and Reina Nacional de Belleza Miss República Dominicana from 2001 to 2003. In 2003, the four beauty pageant titles were split until 2013. The","title":"Miss Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2614984","text":"of the shield, flanked by three spears (two of them holding Dominican banners) on each side, is a Bible with a small cross above it and said to be opened to the Gospel of John, chapter 8, verse 32, which reads \"Y la verdad os hará libres\" (And the truth shall make you free). The flag of the Dominican Republic is similar to the flag of Perm Krai, a federal subject of Russia Flag of the Dominican Republic The flag of the Dominican Republic represents the Dominican Republic and, together with the coat of arms and the national anthem, has","title":"Flag of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371312","text":"for women to find jobs, where they are paid less. Many women from the Dominican Republic migrated to New York City in the United States in order to escape from the \"male-dominate culture\" of Dominican Republic society. One notable example of literature depicting the struggles of women in the Dominican Republic and their yearning for better life through education is Julia Alvarez's historical novel titled \"In the Time of the Butterflies\", whose heroine Minerva Mirabal lived in the Dominican Republic during the reign of Rafael Trujillo. In 1931, the Dominican Feminist Action, led by Abigail Mejia, hosted the First Feminist","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049667","text":"aid. Human Rights Watch estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic. Before 2010, the Constitution of the Dominican Republic generally granted citizenship to anyone born in the country, except children of diplomats and persons \"in transit\". The 2010 constitution was amended to define all undocumented residents as \"in transit\". On September 23, 2013, the Dominican Republic Constitutional Court issued a ruling that retroactively applied this definition to 1929, the year Haiti and the Dominican Republic formalized the border. The decision stripped Dominican citizenship from about 210,000 people who were born in the","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12609034","text":"1991 Rafaela Suarez didn't wanted to enter in Miss International 1991, so Melissa Vargas took over. In the Miss Dominican Republic pageant 1995 and Miss Dominican Republic 1996, the winners would enter both Miss Universe and Miss International. In 2003, the first winner, Aura Ramos could enter Miss International 2003 due to visa problems at last minute. It had various names during its history. They were \"Señorita República Dominicana Internacional\", \"Miss RD Internacional\" and \"Reina Nacional de Belleza\". Miss Dominican Republic Miss Dominican Republic (Spanish: Miss República Dominicana) is a national beauty pageant in Dominican Republic. Miss Dominican Republic Organization","title":"Miss Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105515","text":"offer technical careers, undergraduate and graduate; these are regulated by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology. In 2012 the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There was a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. The Dominican Republic has become a trans-shipment point for Colombian drugs destined for Europe as well as the United States and Canada. Money-laundering via the Dominican Republic is favored by Colombian drug cartels for the ease of illicit financial transactions. In 2004 it was estimated that 8% of all cocaine smuggled into the United States","title":"Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105513","text":". Although that number is slowly decreasing and immigration trends have reversed because of Puerto Rico's economic crisis . In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. See Health in the Dominican Republic Primary education is regulated by the Ministry of Education, with education being a right of all citizens and youth in the Dominican Republic. Preschool education is organized in different cycles and serves the 2–4 age group and the 4–6 age group. Preschool education is","title":"Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105506","text":"among other cities, and quickly assimilated due to similar culture. Before and during World War II, 800 Jewish refugees moved to the Dominican Republic. Numerous immigrants have come from other Caribbean countries, as the country has offered economic opportunities. There are about 32,000 Jamaicans living in the Dominican Republic. There is an increasing number of Puerto Rican immigrants, especially in and around Santo Domingo; they are believed to number around 10,000. There are over 700,000 people of Haitian descent, including a generation born in the Dominican Republic. Haiti is the neighboring nation to the Dominican Republic and is considerably poorer,","title":"Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"1820488","text":"gained wide acceptance, not only in the Dominican Republic, but worldwide. One of the most popular bands making bachata music was the former band Aventura, which split in 2011. Dominican rock is also popular among younger and older crowds of the Dominican Republic. Dominican rock is influenced by British and American rock, but also has its own sense of unique style. The rock scene in the Dominican Republic has been very vibrant in recent years, spanning many genres of rock such as pop rock, reggae/rock, punk, metal. Dominican rock had started its scene in the early 1980s, when Luis Días","title":"Music of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20465640","text":"2015 opening day, Dominicans were 83 of Major League Baseball's 868 players. At the beginning of the 2016 season, no other country contributed. Baseball academies are how Major League Baseball recruiters develop the talent they find across all Latin America. Every single one of the teams in the MLB has a baseball academy in the Dominican Republic. With 4 out of every 10 Dominicans living in poverty, baseball has become a small beacon of hope for many Dominican families. The baseball academies in the Dominican Republic offer many young boys what may be their and their family's only chance of","title":"Baseball in Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"15557702","text":"Dominican Republic has qualified 1 judoka The Dominican Republic has qualified one quota place in the men's trap event; The Dominican Republic has qualified 1 athlete. Gabriel Mercedes has ensured a quota place for the Dominican Republic in the men's 58 kg by reaching the top 3 of the 2011 WTF World Qualification Tournament. The Dominican Republic has qualified one women's team for the indoor tournament. The Dominican Republic has qualified 2 women. Dominican Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics The Dominican Republic competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012.","title":"Dominican Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics"},{"psg_id":"20697941","text":"Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, the Dominican Republic maintained relations with the Chinese Nationalist government despite losing its United Nations seat. On May 1, 2018, the People's Republic of China, now ruling the Mainland China since 1949 and the Dominican Republic established diplomatic relations, after the Dominican Republic cut diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Dominican Foreign Minister Miguel Vargas Maldonado attended the signing ceremony in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing. China–Dominican Republic relations China–Dominican Republic relations or Sino-Dominican relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Dominican Republic. The","title":"China–Dominican Republic relations"},{"psg_id":"19898465","text":"district. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the President of the Chamber usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does he or she regularly participate in floor debates or vote. The President of the Chamber is the Vice President of the Dominican Republic National Assemble. The current President of the Chamber is Radhamés Camacho, Deputy at-large. He was elected to the office on August 16, 2018. President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic The President of the Chamber of Deputies is the","title":"President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18136392","text":"However, the Vatican declined the request, noting that it was \"restricted to the simple interpretation of Article 4 of the Treaty of 1874.\" Subsequently the countries agreed to form a mixed demarcation commission on 28 May 1899. 1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether the Pope would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should","title":"1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum"},{"psg_id":"10421751","text":"Dominican Republic passport Dominican Republic passports are issued to citizens of the Dominican Republic to travel outside the country. In May 2001, Kim Jong-nam, deceased eldest son of North Korean dictator Kim Jong-il, was arrested at Narita International Airport, in Tokyo, Japan, travelling on a forged Dominican Republic passport. He was detained by immigration officials and later deported to the People's Republic of China. The incident caused Kim Jong-il to cancel a planned visit to China due to the embarrassment caused by the incident. As of 1 January 2018, Dominican Republic citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to","title":"Dominican Republic passport"},{"psg_id":"11535127","text":"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in the United States including Evangelical groups like the","title":"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"825910","text":"as its representative colours. Presidential elections are held in the Dominican Republic every four years, on the 16 May. The candidate must gain a majority vote of at least 50% plus one to win the presidency in the first round. If none of the candidates obtains such majority, a second poll will take place 45 days later, at which the population will decide between the two candidates that had the best results during the first poll. Politics of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy, where the President of the Dominican Republic functions as both the head","title":"Politics of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11535129","text":"not seen as Protestant denomination by mainstream Christianity. Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in","title":"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"825897","text":"The army, twice as large as the other services combined, consists of four infantry brigades and a combat support brigade; the air force operates three flying squadrons; and the navy maintains 30 aging vessels. The Dominican Republic's military is second in size to Cuba's in the Caribbean. The armed forces participate fully in counter-narcotics efforts. They also are active in efforts to control contraband and illegal immigration from Haiti to the Dominican Republic and from the Dominican Republic to the United States and Puerto Rico. See Attorney General of the Republic (Dominican Republic) The Attorney General is appointed by the","title":"Politics of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17913800","text":"normally act as an advisory body to the presidency. 23 ministries exist in the Dominican Republic. All ministries are listed by their present-day name and only ministries with past or present cabinet-level status are listed. Ministries of the Dominican Republic The Ministries of State of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Ministerios de Estado de la República Dominicana) are the primary units of the executive branch of the government of the Dominican Republic. This was formerly known as the Secretaries of State (Spanish: Secretarias de Estado) but that denominations change from January 26, 2010 with the reformation of the Constitution. The Change","title":"Ministries of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18667242","text":"Tourism in the Dominican Republic Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an industry that generates over 6 million arrivals each year. It is an important source of revenue in the country, particularly in coastal areas. The Dominican Republic is the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean region, and ranks top 5 overall in the Americas. Its tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape, and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world. As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, Pico Duarte, as well","title":"Tourism in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"15312158","text":"Football in the Dominican Republic The sport of football in the country of the Dominican Republic is run by the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Liga Dominicana de Fútbol. In the Dominican Republic, baseball is the most popular sport, followed by basketball or association football, depending on the area in the Dominican Republic. Football is considered to be in constant growth since 2012. This sport was usually played from middle to high-class high school students, specially in urban areas like Santo Domingo, Santiago, Puerto Plata, Moca and Jarabacoa, however, in","title":"Football in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"7221734","text":"Islam in the Dominican Republic Statistics for Islam in the Dominican Republic estimate that 0.03 percent of the population (3,000 individuals) are Muslim, but accurate statistics of religious affiliation are difficult to calculate and there is a wide variation concerning the actual numerical amount. Although the majority of the population is Roman Catholic, Muslims have formed local organizations such as the \"Círculo Islámico de República Dominicana\" (The Islamic Circle of Dominican Republic) and the Islamic Center of the Dominican Republic (located in Miami). Currently, the Círculo Islámico estimates that Muslims number over 3,000 (most recent statistics), including of a good","title":"Islam in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17371316","text":"the reason is that most women tend to wear skirts instead of Jean either because of religious beliefs or do to culture. Women in the Dominican Republic have an average life expectancy of 72 years. Women who live in the rural areas of the Dominican Republic usually engage themselves in the manufacture of \"macramé\" hammocks, bags, baskets, products of palm weaving, and the creation of jewelry using coral, seashells, amber, and the semiprecious ocean-blue gemstone known as larimar (a gemstone that is native only in the country). Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional","title":"Women in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"1820472","text":"Music of the Dominican Republic The music of the Dominican Republic is primarily influenced by West African, European, and native Taino influences. The Dominican Republic is mainly known for its merengue and bachata music, both of which are the most popular forms of music in the country. Merengue is a musical genre native to the Dominican Republic. It has a moderate to very fast 2/4 rhythm played on güira (metal scraper) and the double-headed tambora. The accordion is also common. Traditional, accordion-based merengue is usually termed merengue típico and is still played by living accordionists like Francisco Ulloa, Fefita la","title":"Music of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122662","text":"education program in the Dominican Republic. This program was focused on training parents on how to support the development of their children and focused on health, safety, and behavioral topics. The researchers trained local workers at a hospital to teach the program and adapted the curriculum that was used in Canada to be more relevant towards topics in the Dominican Republic. Educational opportunity in the Dominican Republic is important not only for increasing social status but also for health outcomes. De Tavarez and Andrade discuss how higher educational attainment in the Dominican Republic is negatively associated with the use of","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13066750","text":"\"Madden NFL 08\". Rugby union is a minor sport, but there is a Dominican Republic side, which has played at least one international. Other sports include combat sports of judo, and professional wrestlers Arcadio Brito, Jack Veneno and Bronco # 1. In 2014, Victor Estrella became the nation's first top 100 tennis player. Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic","title":"Sport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18049668","text":"Dominican Republic after 1929 but are descended from undocumented immigrants from Haiti. Many of the Dominican Republic-born do not have Haitian citizenship and have never been to Haiti; the decision rendered them at least temporarily stateless. Some Haitians began leaving voluntarily or in response to ethnic violence. The government set a deadline of June 17, 2015 for affected people to leave the Dominican Republic, as nighttime \"bandits\" threatened Haitians with violence and deportation; by August 2015 \"hundreds\" had been deported. Almost 75% of the Haitians living in the Dominican Republic have been residing in the country for less than 10","title":"Haitians in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122670","text":"Ministry of Education (MINERD). Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12122639","text":"Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank below many other countries.","title":"Education in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"11232872","text":"women are paid a premium because of their lighter skin. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks the Dominican Republic as a 'Tier 2' country. Prostitution in the Dominican Republic Prostitution in the Dominican Republic is legal, but related activities such as brothel-keeping or pimping are illegal. However, prostitution laws are generally not enforced. It is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 women work as prostitutes in the country, many from neighbouring Haiti. The Dominican Republic has gained a reputation of being a major destination for international sex tourism, although the activity is","title":"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105721","text":"for sugar mills): Major ports and harbours in the Dominican Republic: The following six local ports are a single pier with berth facility: A local ferry service runs daily between the Samaná and Sabana del Mar ports. Boaters and sailors who wish to dock in any of DR's ports must follow certain entry requirements: There are 7 major and 31 minor airports in the DR (2009): There are direct flights to and from Dominican Republic From United States, Cuba, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Europe and the Caribbean. Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is","title":"Transport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"105682","text":"country exports free-trade-zone manufactured products (garments, medical devices, and so on), gold, nickel, protection equipment, bananas, liquor, cocoa beans, silver, and sauces and seasonings. It imports petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital goods, and foodstuffs. On 5 September 2005, the Congress of the Dominican Republic ratified a free trade agreement with the U.S. and five Central American countries, the Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). CAFTA-DR entered into force for the Dominican Republic on 1 March 2007. The total stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Dominican Republic as of 2006 was U.S. $3.3 billion, much of","title":"Economy of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2737696","text":"Culture of the Dominican Republic The culture of the Dominican Republic is a diverse mixture of different influences from around the world. The Dominican people and their customs have origins consisting predominately in a European cultural basis, with both African and native Taíno influences. The Dominican Republic was the site of the first European settlement in the Western Hemisphere, namely Santo Domingo founded in 1493. As a result of over five centuries of Spanish presence in the island, the core of Dominican culture is derived from the culture of Spain. The European inheritances include ancestry, language, traditions, law, the predominant","title":"Culture of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2096814","text":"and personal achievements earned him the Juan Pablo Duarte Order of Merit and the Order of Cristóbal Colón. Baseball is by far the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has the second-highest number of Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Some of these players have been regarded among the best in the game. Historically, the Dominican Republic has been linked to MLB since Ozzie Virgil, Sr. became the first Dominican to play in the league. Among the outstanding MLB players born in the Dominican are: Manny Ramirez, David Ortiz, Vladimir Guerrero, Pedro Martínez,","title":"People of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2737728","text":"Festival. During four days each December, independent films, shorts, and documentaries are screened. \"Notes\": Culture of the Dominican Republic The culture of the Dominican Republic is a diverse mixture of different influences from around the world. The Dominican people and their customs have origins consisting predominately in a European cultural basis, with both African and native Taíno influences. The Dominican Republic was the site of the first European settlement in the Western Hemisphere, namely Santo Domingo founded in 1493. As a result of over five centuries of Spanish presence in the island, the core of Dominican culture is derived from","title":"Culture of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"1820492","text":"faster and louder. Dominican reggaeton recording artists include El Lapiz, Black Point, Messiah, Monkey Black, Mozart La Para, Engel Garcia, La Fabrica, Juancho and Reychesta of Tres Coronas, among several others. Dembow recording artists include El Mayor Clasico, Sensato del Patio, El Alfa, Chimbala, Don Miguelo and more. The most renowned exponent is Michel Camilo. Conservatorio Nacional de Música is the academy of music of the Dominican Republic. It was founded by José de Jesús Ravelo (Don Chuchú), one of the main Dominican composers. Music of the Dominican Republic The music of the Dominican Republic is primarily influenced by West","title":"Music of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18875582","text":"Mister Dominican Republic Mister Dominican Republic (Spanish: Mister República Dominicana) is a pageant where men ranging from the ages of 18 to 30 compete, each representing their country to the male international pageants. Mister Dominican Republic Pageant is the official platform for the most important male pageants of our planet: MISTER INTERNATIONAL, MISTER MANHUNT INTERNATIONAL, MISTER MODEL INTERNATIONAL also part of the semi finalist will be representing the Dominican Republic in some other Male pageants around the world. The MRDP (Mister Republica Dominicana Pageant) organizes by Tim Management Group and leads by Luis Trujillo who owns Mister Dominican Republic, Mister","title":"Mister Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18875584","text":"Robert Flores. On July 12, 2012 Erick Jiménez Sabater announced as the first Men Universe Model 2012 from the Dominican Republic. He overcame Miha Dragos of Slovenia during the final two at 5th annual Men Universe Model pageant. Mister Mundo República Dominicana is a pageant that was made 2007. Since that year Mister Dominican Republic World collaborates with Reina Nacional de Belleza (Miss Mundo Dominicana) together. Dominican Republic has participated at the Mister World since 1996. Mister Turismo Dominicano was a separate pageant that crowned a representative for the Dominican Republic in Mister Tourism International. Dominican Republic has participated since","title":"Mister Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20697939","text":"China–Dominican Republic relations China–Dominican Republic relations or Sino-Dominican relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Dominican Republic. The relations between the Dominican Republic and China began in 1932. Following the Chinese Civil War in 1949, relations were maintained in Taiwan and the other islands. After breaking off relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) on April 30, 2018, the Dominican Republic established diplomatic relations with the mainland government of the People's Republic of China. In 1932, the Chinese envoy to Cuba visited the Dominican Republic, the two countries began to negotiate a friendly treaty. The two countries","title":"China–Dominican Republic relations"},{"psg_id":"105717","text":"Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is composed of a system of roads, airports, ports, harbours and an urban railway: There are five main highways (DR-1, DR-2, DR-3, DR-4, DR-5) they are in good condition in the Dominican Republic connecting its biggest cities and tourist centers. There are nearly of highways and roads, 9,872 being paved and (2002 est.) unpaved. Like any underdeveloped nation, the Dominican Republic suffers from lack of good paved roads to connect smaller towns and less populated areas though they are working on it, however major town roads are kept in good","title":"Transport in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18211573","text":"quota. The Dominican Republic received one wildcard in men's canoeing. The Dominican Republic qualified one male diver. The Dominican Republic has qualified an athlete. Argentina has qualified a full dressage team. The Dominican Republic has qualified two athletes. The Dominican Republic has qualified 6 female fencers. The Dominican Republic has qualified a women's team, of 16 athletes. The Dominican Republic qualified 2 athletes. Dominican Republic has qualified a men's team of 15 athletes. The Dominican Republic has qualified a team of eight judokas (four men and four women). The Dominican Republic has qualified 9 athletes. Dominican Republic has qualified a","title":"Dominican Republic at the 2015 Pan American Games"},{"psg_id":"10421752","text":"62 countries and territories, ranking the Dominican Republic passport 73rd in terms of travel freedom (tied with Ghanaian and Sierra Leonean passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. http://translate.google.nl/translate?hl=nl&langpair=es|nl&u=http://jeantaveras.host56.com/2009/03/paises-los-que-no-se-requiere-visa-para.html Dominican Republic passport Dominican Republic passports are issued to citizens of the Dominican Republic to travel outside the country. In May 2001, Kim Jong-nam, deceased eldest son of North Korean dictator Kim Jong-il, was arrested at Narita International Airport, in Tokyo, Japan, travelling on a forged Dominican Republic passport. He was detained by immigration officials and later deported to the People's Republic of China. The incident caused Kim Jong-il to","title":"Dominican Republic passport"},{"psg_id":"105447","text":"political opposition and to prevent several coup attempts during and after World War II. The secret police allegedly murdered more than 500,000 people during the Trujillo era. Although one-quarter Haitian, Trujillo promoted propaganda against them. In 1937, he ordered what became known as the Parsley Massacre or, in the Dominican Republic, as \"El Corte\" (The Cutting), directing the army to kill Haitians living on the Dominican side of the border. The army killed an estimated 17,000 to 35,000 Haitian men, women, and children over six days, from the night of October 2, 1937, through October 8, 1937. To avoid leaving","title":"Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"19231283","text":"in Rio, assuming they continued to meet all other eligibility requirements. Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics Dominican Republic competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism","title":"Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics"},{"psg_id":"19231281","text":"Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics Dominican Republic competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications,","title":"Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics"},{"psg_id":"12479562","text":"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties signed after the dismantling of some of its colonies in the Spanish West Indies some 50 years prior, welcomed his proposal and set to reestablish the colony. The end of the","title":"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12479565","text":"killed or wounded in action. The 12,000 pro-Spanish southern forces recruited by Santana had also suffered about 10,000 casualties. The fatal losses among the Cibao-based nationalist armies were estimated at 4,000. Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties","title":"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"18050133","text":"became the Diocese of the Dominican Republic on January 1, 1986. The Diocese of the Dominican Republic maintains companion diocese relationships with several Episcopal dioceses in the United States: Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic The Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic () is the diocese of the Anglican Communion which covers all of the Dominican Republic. It is a member of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America and it is in Province IX. Its see city is Santo Domingo, and its cathedral is the Cathedral of the Epiphany. Benjamin Isaac Wilson, a teacher of the Christian","title":"Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2901463","text":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of the population), in 11 territorial dioceses and one military ordinariate, served by 800 priests. Within the Dominican Republic the hierarchy consists of: The Dominican Republic offers religious freedom, but the Catholic Church still enjoys certain favors, in particular due to a 1954 concordat with","title":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"13324450","text":"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) country code, 1, followed by the area code in the same form as an internal area code in other NANP countries, such as the US and Canada. When in the Dominican Republic, the 3-digit area code followed by the 7-digit phone number must be dialed. When calling the Dominican Republic from the United States or Canada, this must be prefixed by the digit \"1\". From","title":"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12436591","text":"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total (behind Haiti), with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013 (the Dominican Republic is the second most populated Caribbean nation). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that some urban areas of the Dominican Republic have HIV/AIDS infection rates well in excess of 10%. In some parts of the Dominican Republic, HIV/AIDS has become one of the leading cause of death","title":"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"12609026","text":"Miss Dominican Republic Miss Dominican Republic (Spanish: Miss República Dominicana) is a national beauty pageant in Dominican Republic. Miss Dominican Republic Organization has been in operation since 1927. In 1956, the pageant was officially restarted after crowning models from 1952 until 1955. In 1956, Olga Fiallo from Santiago won, making the Dominican Republic's first representative to Miss Universe. In 1966, the Concurso Nacional de Belleza Dominicana lost its Miss Universe rights for only one year but on that same year it gained their Miss World franchise sending the winner of that year, Jeanette Dotel from San Juan as their first","title":"Miss Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"20084736","text":"Dominican Republic–India relations Dominican Republic–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between the Dominican Republic and India. The Dominican Republic maintains an embassy in New Delhi. The Embassy of India in Havana, Cuba is jointly accredited to the Dominican Republic. India also maintains an honorary consulate in Santo Domingo. The Dominican Republic and India established diplomatic relations in May 1999. The countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding in Santo Domingo in May 2001 agreeing to hold regular Foreign Office consultations. During the visit of Indian Minister of State for External Affairs Rao Inderjit Singh visiting to the Dominican","title":"Dominican Republic–India relations"},{"psg_id":"20526470","text":"main exports to Spain include: rum, cacao, medical equipment, cigars, fruits, tobacco and electronic equipment. Spain's main exports to the Dominican Republic include: machinery, wine, construction material, electronic equipment, olive oil and medicine. Spain is the Dominican Republic's third largest foreign investor (after the United States and Canada). In 2015, Spanish investments in the Dominican Republic totaled €926 million Euros. Spanish multinational companies such as Mapfre, Telefónica and Inditex operate in the Dominican Republic. Dominican Republic–Spain relations Dominican Republic–Spain relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies","title":"Dominican Republic–Spain relations"},{"psg_id":"15413685","text":"Carnival in the Dominican Republic The Carnival in the Dominican Republic is a Dominican celebration that takes place throughout February; although some Dominicans (rarely) celebrate it during Holy Week in March. Dominicans are usually most festive on February 27th, which is the Dominican Independence Day. In Santo Domingo, celebrations include a large military display with the Dominican air force, navy, and army. Festivities often include the wearing of colorful costumes that symbolize Dominican religious and traditional characters such as \"Calife\", \"Guloya\", and \"Diablo Cojuelo\". Festivities take place all over the island, with each town adding its own twist to the","title":"Carnival in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"2614982","text":"Flag of the Dominican Republic The flag of the Dominican Republic represents the Dominican Republic and, together with the coat of arms and the national anthem, has the status of national symbol. The blue on the flag stands for liberty, the white for salvation, and the red for the blood of heroes. The civil ensign follows the same design, but without the charge in the center. The flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte. As described by Article 21 of the Dominican Constitution, the flag features a centered white cross that extends to the edges and divides the flag into","title":"Flag of the Dominican Republic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066740\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sugarball,\\\" \\\"Nothing typifies the new direction of Dominican baseball as much as the baseball academy, an institution rooted in the increased presence and benevolent paternalism of North American baseball interests in the country.\\\" The first baseball academy in the Dominican Republic was built in 1977 by Ralph Avila. In his description of baseball academies in the Dominican Republic, Alan Klein wrote \\\"What the academy does in working with the Dominican players goes beyond teaching baseball skills. They teach career preparation, socialization and how to cope with the cultural changes they will face in the United States.\\\" Campo Las Palmas is\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11843501\",\n \"text\": \"LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the Dominican Republic do not enjoy the same rights as non-LGBT residents, and face legal and social challenges that are not experienced by other people. While the Dominican Criminal Code does not expressly prohibit homosexuality or cross-dressing, it also does not address discrimination or harassment on the account of sexual orientation or gender identity, nor does it recognize same sex unions in any form, whether it be marriage or partnerships. Household headed by same-sex couples are also not eligible for any of the same rights given\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11843517\",\n \"text\": \"legal gender. A February 2018 poll of over 300,000 people conducted by CDN 37 found that 55% of respondents opposed same-sex marriage, while 45% supported it. LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the Dominican Republic do not enjoy the same rights as non-LGBT residents, and face legal and social challenges that are not experienced by other people. While the Dominican Criminal Code does not expressly prohibit homosexuality or cross-dressing, it also does not address discrimination or harassment on the account of sexual orientation or gender identity, nor does it recognize same sex\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2737712\",\n \"text\": \"route to winning the World Baseball Classic. In boxing, the Dominican Republic has produced scores of world-class fighters and several world champions. Basketball also enjoys a relatively high level of popularity. Al Horford, Felipe Lopez, and Francisco Garcia are among the Dominican-born players currently or formerly in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Olympic gold medalist and world champion hurdler Félix Sánchez hails from the Dominican Republic, as does NFL defensive end Luis Castillo. Other important sports include, Volleyball, which was introduced in 1916 by US Marines, is controlled by the Dominican Volleyball Federation. Other sports include taekwondo, in which Gabriel\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11343570\",\n \"text\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. There have been thirty-nine Vice Presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the Vice President shall be elected along with the President. Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional Vice Presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting Vice Presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana. After\",\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105540\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Dominican Republic The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa-born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Quisqueya (Kiskeya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española (\\\"the Spanish Island\\\"), later Latinized to Hispaniola. What would become the Dominican Republic was the Spanish Captaincy General of Santo Domingo\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13679531\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has gone through 39 constitutions, more than any other country, since its independence in 1844. This statistic is a somewhat deceiving indicator of political stability, however, because of the Dominican practice of promulgating a new constitution whenever an amendment was ratified. Although technically different from each other in some particular provisions, most new constitutions contained in reality only minor modifications of those previously in effect. Sweeping constitutional innovations were actually relatively rare. The large number of constitutions does, however, reflect a basic lack of consensus on the rules that should govern the\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18875583\",\n \"text\": \"International Haiti and Mister International USA. The winner of Mister Dominican Republic represents Dominican Republic at the Mister International. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent. Mister República Dominicana Universe Model is a model pageant to select its winner to the Men Universe Model. The pageant previously named Mister Universe Model then renamed Men Universe Model since 2013. Mister República Dominicana Universe Model collaborates MEN UNIVERSE MODEL Company to held one of the most prestigious male international pageant in the world in the Dominican Republic. This pageant leads by\",\n \"title\": \"Mister Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096811\",\n \"text\": \"the Dominican Republic is Dominican rap. Also known as \\\"Rap del Patio\\\" (\\\"yard rap\\\") it is rap music created by Dominican crews and solo artists. Originating in the early 2000s with crews such as Charles Family, successful rappers such as Lapiz Conciente, Vakero, Toxic Crow, and R-1 emerged. The youth have embraced the music, sometimes over merengue, merengue típico, bachata, as well as salsa, and, most recently, reggaeton. Dominican rap differs from reggaeton in the fact that Dominican rap does not use the traditional Dem Bow rhythm frequently used in reggaeton, instead using more hip hop-influenced beats. As well, Dominican\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13324456\",\n \"text\": \"then hangs up when the phone is answered with the hope that they will be curious enough to call the number back. When the victim does this, an automatic $19.95 international call fee is charged to their account, as well as $9.00/min thereafter. Similar scams have been linked to Grenada (area code 473), Antigua (area code 268), Jamaica (area code 876) and the British Virgin Islands (area code 284). Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North\",\n \"title\": \"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20526461\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic–Spain relations Dominican Republic–Spain relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and the Organization of Ibero-American States. The first Europeans to arrive to what is now present day Dominican Republic was in December 1492 when explorer Christopher Columbus arrived to the island of Hispaniola. In 1493, Columbus built one of the first European settlements in the Americas and called it \\\"La Isabela\\\", named after Spanish Queen Isabella I of Castile. Soon after Columbus's arrival to Hispaniola, most of the native Taíno\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105398\",\n \"text\": \"of the island, who were subjected to slavery, and to the education of the inhabitants of the island. For most of its history, up until independence, the country was known as —the name of its present capital and patron saint, Saint Dominic—and continued to be commonly known as such in English until the early 20th century. The residents were called \\\"Dominicans\\\" (), which is the adjective form of \\\"Domingo\\\", and the revolutionaries named their newly independent country \\\"Dominican Republic\\\" (). In the national anthem of the Dominican Republic (), the term \\\"Dominicans\\\" does not appear. The author of its lyrics,\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1911988\",\n \"text\": \"twice and its derivative demonym, \\\"quisqueyanos\\\", is used once. However, research later shows that these words does not seem to derive from the original Arawak Taíno language. In public, the national anthem is usually performed through the end of the lyric's fourth paragraph. Also note that, no official translation of the Spanish lyrics into any other language, including English, has been enacted into law. National Anthem of the Dominican Republic The Dominican National Anthem is the national anthem of the Dominican Republic. Its music was composed by José Rufino Reyes Siancas (1835–1905), and its lyrics were authored by Emilio Prud’Homme\",\n \"title\": \"National Anthem of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096779\",\n \"text\": \"People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \\\"Dominican\\\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic was known as Santo Domingo, the name of its present\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096816\",\n \"text\": \"has produced scores of world-class fighters and world champions. \\\"Notes\\\": People of the Dominican Republic Dominicans () are people who are ethnically associated with the Dominican Republic. \\\"Dominican\\\" was historically the name for the inhabitants of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, and was retained after the nation's independence. The majority of Dominicans reside in the Dominican Republic, although there is also a large Dominican diaspora, mainly in the United States and Spain. The population of the Dominican Republic in 2016 was estimated at 10.2 million by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Dominican Republic.. Historically the Dominican Republic\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096815\",\n \"text\": \"Albert Pujols, Adrián Beltré, José Reyes, José Bautista, Hanley Ramírez, Miguel Tejada, Juan Marichal, Rafael Furcal and Sammy Sosa. Olympic gold medalist and world champion over 400 m hurdles Félix Sánchez hails from the Dominican Republic, as does current defensive end for the San Diego Chargers (National Football League [NFL]), Luis Castillo. Castillo was the cover athlete for the Spanish language version of Madden NFL 08. The National Basketball Association (NBA) also has had players from the Dominican Republic, like Charlie Villanueva, Al Horford and Francisco García. Boxing is one of the more important sports after baseball, and the country\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105716\",\n \"text\": \"there have been incidents in which authorities intimidated journalists or other news professionals. Local journalists engage in self-censorship, particularly when coverage could adversely affect the economic or political interests of media owners. The government denies using unauthorized wiretapping or other surreptitious methods to interfere with the private lives of individuals and families, however, human rights groups and opposition politicians allege that such interference does occur. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Numerous television channels are available. Tricom, S.A, Wind Telecom, and Claro Codetel provide television services\",\n \"title\": \"Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2595188\",\n \"text\": \"II of Constitution of the Dominican Republic giving the following rights and obligations: \\\" 'in its status as head of state corresponding:' \\\" According to the Constitution of the Dominican Republic of 1966, in its modification of the year 2015 by the Congress, the President: President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \\\"Your Excellency,\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10277881\",\n \"text\": \"Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly declined. There were 1,198 murders in 2017, a rate of 14.9 per 100,000. The Dominican Republic has become a trans-shipment point for Colombian drugs destined to Europe as well as the United States and Canada. Money laundering via the Dominican Republic is favored by Colombian drug cartels for\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105536\",\n \"text\": \"produced scores of world-class fighters and several world champions, such as Carlos Cruz, his brother Leo, Juan Guzman, and Joan Guzman. Basketball also enjoys a relatively high level of popularity. Tito Horford, his son Al, Felipe Lopez, and Francisco Garcia are among the Dominican-born players currently or formerly in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Olympic gold medalist and world champion hurdler Félix Sánchez hails from the Dominican Republic, as does NFL defensive end Luis Castillo. Other important sports are volleyball, introduced in 1916 by U.S. Marines and controlled by the Dominican Volleyball Federation, taekwondo, in which Gabriel Mercedes won an\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049658\",\n \"text\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and consisted of peasants who crossed the border to the Dominican Republic because of the land scarcity in Haiti; in 1874 the Haitian military occupied La Miel valley and\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066734\",\n \"text\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic society. Baseball is the most popular sport on the island and Major League Baseball has been recruiting players from the Dominican Republic since the 1960s. Association football is the second sport of the country. Baseball is the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic today. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371310\",\n \"text\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional rights as men in the economic, political, cultural and social fields, as well as in the family. Their character has been defined by their history, culture, tradition and experience. Constitutionally, the modern-day women of the Dominican Republic are equal to men in terms of rights and property ownership. Culturally, the women of the Dominican Republic have an attitude that is known as \\\"machista\\\" behavior, where women understood and to a certain degree accepted the \\\"machismo\\\" nature of Dominican Republic men. By tradition, Dominican Republic women are expected\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066744\",\n \"text\": \"Marlins Park in Miami, FL. Although thousands of players from the island have played in the MLB, only 3 have been inducted into The National Baseball Hall of Fame. Those players are Juan Marichal, Vladimir Guerrero and Pedro Martinez. Although hundreds of Dominican players make their way to the United States to play professional baseball it has done little to improve relations between the two countries. Alan Klein wrote \\\"No other country dominates the Dominican Republic as much as the United States does.\\\" From 1870-1980, the United States made their presence felt on Dominican soil and it did nothing but\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049672\",\n \"text\": \"Paez and Ramón Ceballos, the administrative and eligibility directors of the Dominican Basketball Federation (FEDOMBAL), there is no record of participation of Dominican basketball players of Haitian descent. Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16415457\",\n \"text\": \"Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low by Caribbean standards, with an estimated 62,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans. In contrast neighboring Haiti has an HIV/AIDS rate more than double that of the Dominican Republic. A mission based\",\n \"title\": \"Health in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18136391\",\n \"text\": \"1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether the Pope would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should comply with the tribunal outcome if it was unfavourable to the Dominican Republic. All four proposals were approved by voters. As a result of the referendum, the two countries signed an arbitration agreement on 3 July 1895.\",\n \"title\": \"1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105472\",\n \"text\": \"Haiti is strained over mass Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic, with citizens of the Dominican Republic blaming the Haitians for increased crime and other social problems. The Dominican Republic is a regular member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. The Dominican Republic has a Free Trade Agreement with the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua via the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement. And an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union and the Caribbean Community via the Caribbean Forum. Congress authorizes a combined military force of 44,000 active duty personnel. Actual active duty\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9170954\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican franco The franco was a currency introduced in the Dominican Republic in 1891, as the Dominican Republic Government, then headed by president Ulises Heureaux intended to join the Latin Monetary Union. It was subdivided into 100 centesimos. Five denominations of coins were issued, 5, 10 and 50 centesimos, 1 and 5 francos. Although apparently intended to replace the mexican peso which was the main circulating currency back then, this did not happen, because the Dominican Government did not establish parity with the circulating mexican peso and in 1897, new coins denominated in pesos and similar in design to the\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican franco\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2595181\",\n \"text\": \"President of the Dominican Republic The President of the Dominican Republic () is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of the republic during the Dominican War of Independence. The President of the Dominican Republic is styled \\\"Your Excellency, Mr. President\\\" during his time in office. His official residence is the National Palace. The article CXXVIII of the constitution instructs the president of the \\\"faithful execution of the Dominican Law\\\" and confers on him the rank of commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the National\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"825892\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy, where the President of the Dominican Republic functions as both the head of the government and head of the multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral National Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. With the proclamation of the first constitution in the Dominican Republic on 6 November 1844 in the city of San Cristobal, the Dominican theory of sovereignty, 'independence politics', was formed. The Dominican Republic would remain for the most part republican and\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14770194\",\n \"text\": \"the Dominican Republic. The usage is a play on words whereby the concept of the Trinity is overlapped with the establishment of one nation by the three founding fathers: Duarte, Sánchez, and Mella. La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic) La Trinitaria (, \\\"The Trinity\\\") was a secret society founded in Juan Pablo Duarte's home situated in what today is known as Arzobispo Nouel Street, across from the \\\"Del Carmen's Church\\\" in the then occupied Santo Domingo, the current capital of the Dominican Republic. The founder, Juan Pablo Duarte and a group of like minded young people, led the struggle to establish the\",\n \"title\": \"La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14770189\",\n \"text\": \"La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic) La Trinitaria (, \\\"The Trinity\\\") was a secret society founded in Juan Pablo Duarte's home situated in what today is known as Arzobispo Nouel Street, across from the \\\"Del Carmen's Church\\\" in the then occupied Santo Domingo, the current capital of the Dominican Republic. The founder, Juan Pablo Duarte and a group of like minded young people, led the struggle to establish the Dominican Republic as a free, sovereign, and independent nation in the 19th century. They helped bring about the end of the Haitian occupation of the island from 1822 to 1844. La Trinitaria was\",\n \"title\": \"La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17913799\",\n \"text\": \"first executive branch having been established in the first Constitution of the Dominican Republic in November, 1844. Ministries are analogous to Departments and Secretaries of State in others nations. Different from what happens in other countries, by constitutional specification, not minister formed part of line of succession, reserves for the Vice President and the President of the Supreme Court of Justice. The heads of the ministries, known as Ministers of their respective department, form the traditional Cabinet of the Dominican Republic, an executive organ that serves at the disposal of the president for the coordination of the government affairs and\",\n \"title\": \"Ministries of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066738\",\n \"text\": \"and soon after teams from the MLB began sending scouts to watch Dominican Republic players play. Between 1955 and 1980 there were 49 players from the Dominican Republic who played in the MLB. However, in the 1980s hundreds of players started coming to the United States as there became \\\"working relationships between North American and Dominican teams.\\\" The first great pitcher from the Dominican Republic who starred in the United States was Juan Marichal who is nicknamed the \\\"Dominican Dandy\\\". He began his playing career in the MLB in 1960 after he was signed from the Dominican Republic by the\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11335287\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic at the Olympics The Dominican Republic first participated in the Olympic Games in 1964, when Alberto Torres de la Mota (\\\"\\\"El Gringo\\\" \\\") participated in the 10th heat of the 100m competition and ran 10.9sec, finishing 6th, not qualifying for the next round. The Dominican Republic has appeared in every one of the games since then. The Dominican Republic has never participated at the Winter Olympic Games. The Dominican Republic has won six medals at the Olympics. Pedro Nolasco won a bronze in boxing at the 1984 Summer Olympics and in 2004 Félix Sánchez won a gold in\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic at the Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10277884\",\n \"text\": \"During that time, abductors would contact family members and demand huge sums of money for the release of their loved ones. Most families paid the amount, and the victims were released unharmed. High crime areas in the capital include Arroyo Hondo, Naco, Gazcue, Cristo Rey and Villa Agricola.Pantoja Crime in the Dominican Republic Crime in the Dominican Republic is investigated by the Dominican Republic National Police. In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. By 2017, the murder rate had significantly\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16415459\",\n \"text\": \"pay for medical supplies. Government expenditure on healthcare is about $180 per person per year, slightly more than half the average for the Latin American and Caribbean region. Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low\",\n \"title\": \"Health in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4494117\",\n \"text\": \"the Armed Forces and National Police, and ban all people who have lost or have suspended his citizen rights, like convicted criminals or accused of treason from voting for a fixed period of time or indefinitely. The number of Dominican adults who will be eligible to vote in 2016 elections are projected to be 7.2 million. Different to what happen in others countries, voter registration in Dominican Republic is automatic and based on a database of the Civil Registry in charge of the JCE and resident foreigners possessing a (Cédula de Identidad y Electoral) \\\"Identity and Electoral Document\\\" (The Dominican\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4395405\",\n \"text\": \"however. The main Dominican parties campaign in Puerto Rico during presidential elections and raise important amounts of funds from the Dominican residents. Dominicans in Puerto Rico send millions of dollars per month to their relatives in the Dominican Republic, and are thus also important as a source of foreign currency for the D.R. The 2010 census estimated a population of 68,036 Dominicans in Puerto Rico, equal to 1.8% of the Commonwealth's population. Data from the 2000 census shows that 55% of this group lived in San Juan municipality, 11% in Carolina, and 7% in Bayamón. San Juan is about 9%\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic immigration to Puerto Rico\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12609032\",\n \"text\": \"that was made 2003 until 2013. Since 1956 they crowned Miss Dominican Republic, Miss Dominican World and Reina Nacional de Belleza Miss República Dominicana together. Then they split up in 2003. In 2011, the Miss Dominican Republic World was given to Dominican designer Diany Mota, along with Miss Dominican Republic International. The Dominican Republic Earth, also known as Miss Tierra República Dominicana, used to be crowned together with the Miss Dominican Republic Universe, Miss Dominica World, and Reina Nacional de Belleza Miss República Dominicana from 2001 to 2003. In 2003, the four beauty pageant titles were split until 2013. The\",\n \"title\": \"Miss Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2614984\",\n \"text\": \"of the shield, flanked by three spears (two of them holding Dominican banners) on each side, is a Bible with a small cross above it and said to be opened to the Gospel of John, chapter 8, verse 32, which reads \\\"Y la verdad os hará libres\\\" (And the truth shall make you free). The flag of the Dominican Republic is similar to the flag of Perm Krai, a federal subject of Russia Flag of the Dominican Republic The flag of the Dominican Republic represents the Dominican Republic and, together with the coat of arms and the national anthem, has\",\n \"title\": \"Flag of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371312\",\n \"text\": \"for women to find jobs, where they are paid less. Many women from the Dominican Republic migrated to New York City in the United States in order to escape from the \\\"male-dominate culture\\\" of Dominican Republic society. One notable example of literature depicting the struggles of women in the Dominican Republic and their yearning for better life through education is Julia Alvarez's historical novel titled \\\"In the Time of the Butterflies\\\", whose heroine Minerva Mirabal lived in the Dominican Republic during the reign of Rafael Trujillo. In 1931, the Dominican Feminist Action, led by Abigail Mejia, hosted the First Feminist\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049667\",\n \"text\": \"aid. Human Rights Watch estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic. Before 2010, the Constitution of the Dominican Republic generally granted citizenship to anyone born in the country, except children of diplomats and persons \\\"in transit\\\". The 2010 constitution was amended to define all undocumented residents as \\\"in transit\\\". On September 23, 2013, the Dominican Republic Constitutional Court issued a ruling that retroactively applied this definition to 1929, the year Haiti and the Dominican Republic formalized the border. The decision stripped Dominican citizenship from about 210,000 people who were born in the\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12609034\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Rafaela Suarez didn't wanted to enter in Miss International 1991, so Melissa Vargas took over. In the Miss Dominican Republic pageant 1995 and Miss Dominican Republic 1996, the winners would enter both Miss Universe and Miss International. In 2003, the first winner, Aura Ramos could enter Miss International 2003 due to visa problems at last minute. It had various names during its history. They were \\\"Señorita República Dominicana Internacional\\\", \\\"Miss RD Internacional\\\" and \\\"Reina Nacional de Belleza\\\". Miss Dominican Republic Miss Dominican Republic (Spanish: Miss República Dominicana) is a national beauty pageant in Dominican Republic. Miss Dominican Republic Organization\",\n \"title\": \"Miss Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105515\",\n \"text\": \"offer technical careers, undergraduate and graduate; these are regulated by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology. In 2012 the Dominican Republic had a murder rate of 22.1 per 100,000 population. There was a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012. The Dominican Republic has become a trans-shipment point for Colombian drugs destined for Europe as well as the United States and Canada. Money-laundering via the Dominican Republic is favored by Colombian drug cartels for the ease of illicit financial transactions. In 2004 it was estimated that 8% of all cocaine smuggled into the United States\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105513\",\n \"text\": \". Although that number is slowly decreasing and immigration trends have reversed because of Puerto Rico's economic crisis . In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. See Health in the Dominican Republic Primary education is regulated by the Ministry of Education, with education being a right of all citizens and youth in the Dominican Republic. Preschool education is organized in different cycles and serves the 2–4 age group and the 4–6 age group. Preschool education is\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105506\",\n \"text\": \"among other cities, and quickly assimilated due to similar culture. Before and during World War II, 800 Jewish refugees moved to the Dominican Republic. Numerous immigrants have come from other Caribbean countries, as the country has offered economic opportunities. There are about 32,000 Jamaicans living in the Dominican Republic. There is an increasing number of Puerto Rican immigrants, especially in and around Santo Domingo; they are believed to number around 10,000. There are over 700,000 people of Haitian descent, including a generation born in the Dominican Republic. Haiti is the neighboring nation to the Dominican Republic and is considerably poorer,\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1820488\",\n \"text\": \"gained wide acceptance, not only in the Dominican Republic, but worldwide. One of the most popular bands making bachata music was the former band Aventura, which split in 2011. Dominican rock is also popular among younger and older crowds of the Dominican Republic. Dominican rock is influenced by British and American rock, but also has its own sense of unique style. The rock scene in the Dominican Republic has been very vibrant in recent years, spanning many genres of rock such as pop rock, reggae/rock, punk, metal. Dominican rock had started its scene in the early 1980s, when Luis Días\",\n \"title\": \"Music of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20465640\",\n \"text\": \"2015 opening day, Dominicans were 83 of Major League Baseball's 868 players. At the beginning of the 2016 season, no other country contributed. Baseball academies are how Major League Baseball recruiters develop the talent they find across all Latin America. Every single one of the teams in the MLB has a baseball academy in the Dominican Republic. With 4 out of every 10 Dominicans living in poverty, baseball has become a small beacon of hope for many Dominican families. The baseball academies in the Dominican Republic offer many young boys what may be their and their family's only chance of\",\n \"title\": \"Baseball in Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15557702\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic has qualified 1 judoka The Dominican Republic has qualified one quota place in the men's trap event; The Dominican Republic has qualified 1 athlete. Gabriel Mercedes has ensured a quota place for the Dominican Republic in the men's 58 kg by reaching the top 3 of the 2011 WTF World Qualification Tournament. The Dominican Republic has qualified one women's team for the indoor tournament. The Dominican Republic has qualified 2 women. Dominican Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics The Dominican Republic competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012.\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20697941\",\n \"text\": \"Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, the Dominican Republic maintained relations with the Chinese Nationalist government despite losing its United Nations seat. On May 1, 2018, the People's Republic of China, now ruling the Mainland China since 1949 and the Dominican Republic established diplomatic relations, after the Dominican Republic cut diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Dominican Foreign Minister Miguel Vargas Maldonado attended the signing ceremony in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing. China–Dominican Republic relations China–Dominican Republic relations or Sino-Dominican relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Dominican Republic. The\",\n \"title\": \"China–Dominican Republic relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19898465\",\n \"text\": \"district. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the President of the Chamber usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does he or she regularly participate in floor debates or vote. The President of the Chamber is the Vice President of the Dominican Republic National Assemble. The current President of the Chamber is Radhamés Camacho, Deputy at-large. He was elected to the office on August 16, 2018. President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic The President of the Chamber of Deputies is the\",\n \"title\": \"President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18136392\",\n \"text\": \"However, the Vatican declined the request, noting that it was \\\"restricted to the simple interpretation of Article 4 of the Treaty of 1874.\\\" Subsequently the countries agreed to form a mixed demarcation commission on 28 May 1899. 1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether the Pope would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should\",\n \"title\": \"1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10421751\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic passport Dominican Republic passports are issued to citizens of the Dominican Republic to travel outside the country. In May 2001, Kim Jong-nam, deceased eldest son of North Korean dictator Kim Jong-il, was arrested at Narita International Airport, in Tokyo, Japan, travelling on a forged Dominican Republic passport. He was detained by immigration officials and later deported to the People's Republic of China. The incident caused Kim Jong-il to cancel a planned visit to China due to the embarrassment caused by the incident. As of 1 January 2018, Dominican Republic citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic passport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11535127\",\n \"text\": \"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in the United States including Evangelical groups like the\",\n \"title\": \"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"825910\",\n \"text\": \"as its representative colours. Presidential elections are held in the Dominican Republic every four years, on the 16 May. The candidate must gain a majority vote of at least 50% plus one to win the presidency in the first round. If none of the candidates obtains such majority, a second poll will take place 45 days later, at which the population will decide between the two candidates that had the best results during the first poll. Politics of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy, where the President of the Dominican Republic functions as both the head\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11535129\",\n \"text\": \"not seen as Protestant denomination by mainstream Christianity. Protestantism in the Dominican Republic Protestants in the Dominican Republic represent estimated 11% of population. Morgan Foley was the leader of the Protestantism for women in the 19th century. During the 1820s, Protestants migrated to the Dominican Republic from the United States. West Indian Protestants arrived on the island late 19th and the early 20th centuries, and by the 1920s, several Protestant organizations were established all throughout the country, which added diversity to the religious representation in the Dominican Republic. Many of the Protestant groups in DR had connections with organizations in\",\n \"title\": \"Protestantism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"825897\",\n \"text\": \"The army, twice as large as the other services combined, consists of four infantry brigades and a combat support brigade; the air force operates three flying squadrons; and the navy maintains 30 aging vessels. The Dominican Republic's military is second in size to Cuba's in the Caribbean. The armed forces participate fully in counter-narcotics efforts. They also are active in efforts to control contraband and illegal immigration from Haiti to the Dominican Republic and from the Dominican Republic to the United States and Puerto Rico. See Attorney General of the Republic (Dominican Republic) The Attorney General is appointed by the\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17913800\",\n \"text\": \"normally act as an advisory body to the presidency. 23 ministries exist in the Dominican Republic. All ministries are listed by their present-day name and only ministries with past or present cabinet-level status are listed. Ministries of the Dominican Republic The Ministries of State of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Ministerios de Estado de la República Dominicana) are the primary units of the executive branch of the government of the Dominican Republic. This was formerly known as the Secretaries of State (Spanish: Secretarias de Estado) but that denominations change from January 26, 2010 with the reformation of the Constitution. The Change\",\n \"title\": \"Ministries of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18667242\",\n \"text\": \"Tourism in the Dominican Republic Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an industry that generates over 6 million arrivals each year. It is an important source of revenue in the country, particularly in coastal areas. The Dominican Republic is the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean region, and ranks top 5 overall in the Americas. Its tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape, and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world. As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, Pico Duarte, as well\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15312158\",\n \"text\": \"Football in the Dominican Republic The sport of football in the country of the Dominican Republic is run by the Federación Dominicana de Fútbol. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Liga Dominicana de Fútbol. In the Dominican Republic, baseball is the most popular sport, followed by basketball or association football, depending on the area in the Dominican Republic. Football is considered to be in constant growth since 2012. This sport was usually played from middle to high-class high school students, specially in urban areas like Santo Domingo, Santiago, Puerto Plata, Moca and Jarabacoa, however, in\",\n \"title\": \"Football in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7221734\",\n \"text\": \"Islam in the Dominican Republic Statistics for Islam in the Dominican Republic estimate that 0.03 percent of the population (3,000 individuals) are Muslim, but accurate statistics of religious affiliation are difficult to calculate and there is a wide variation concerning the actual numerical amount. Although the majority of the population is Roman Catholic, Muslims have formed local organizations such as the \\\"Círculo Islámico de República Dominicana\\\" (The Islamic Circle of Dominican Republic) and the Islamic Center of the Dominican Republic (located in Miami). Currently, the Círculo Islámico estimates that Muslims number over 3,000 (most recent statistics), including of a good\",\n \"title\": \"Islam in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371316\",\n \"text\": \"the reason is that most women tend to wear skirts instead of Jean either because of religious beliefs or do to culture. Women in the Dominican Republic have an average life expectancy of 72 years. Women who live in the rural areas of the Dominican Republic usually engage themselves in the manufacture of \\\"macramé\\\" hammocks, bags, baskets, products of palm weaving, and the creation of jewelry using coral, seashells, amber, and the semiprecious ocean-blue gemstone known as larimar (a gemstone that is native only in the country). Women in the Dominican Republic Women in the Dominican Republic have equal constitutional\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1820472\",\n \"text\": \"Music of the Dominican Republic The music of the Dominican Republic is primarily influenced by West African, European, and native Taino influences. The Dominican Republic is mainly known for its merengue and bachata music, both of which are the most popular forms of music in the country. Merengue is a musical genre native to the Dominican Republic. It has a moderate to very fast 2/4 rhythm played on güira (metal scraper) and the double-headed tambora. The accordion is also common. Traditional, accordion-based merengue is usually termed merengue típico and is still played by living accordionists like Francisco Ulloa, Fefita la\",\n \"title\": \"Music of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122662\",\n \"text\": \"education program in the Dominican Republic. This program was focused on training parents on how to support the development of their children and focused on health, safety, and behavioral topics. The researchers trained local workers at a hospital to teach the program and adapted the curriculum that was used in Canada to be more relevant towards topics in the Dominican Republic. Educational opportunity in the Dominican Republic is important not only for increasing social status but also for health outcomes. De Tavarez and Andrade discuss how higher educational attainment in the Dominican Republic is negatively associated with the use of\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13066750\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Madden NFL 08\\\". Rugby union is a minor sport, but there is a Dominican Republic side, which has played at least one international. Other sports include combat sports of judo, and professional wrestlers Arcadio Brito, Jack Veneno and Bronco # 1. In 2014, Victor Estrella became the nation's first top 100 tennis player. Sport in the Dominican Republic Sports are a central part of the culture of the Dominican Republic, and have been practiced in the whole territory since the native inhabitants were living in the island. Sports play a key role in the culture and makeup of Dominican Republic\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18049668\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic after 1929 but are descended from undocumented immigrants from Haiti. Many of the Dominican Republic-born do not have Haitian citizenship and have never been to Haiti; the decision rendered them at least temporarily stateless. Some Haitians began leaving voluntarily or in response to ethnic violence. The government set a deadline of June 17, 2015 for affected people to leave the Dominican Republic, as nighttime \\\"bandits\\\" threatened Haitians with violence and deportation; by August 2015 \\\"hundreds\\\" had been deported. Almost 75% of the Haitians living in the Dominican Republic have been residing in the country for less than 10\",\n \"title\": \"Haitians in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122670\",\n \"text\": \"Ministry of Education (MINERD). Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12122639\",\n \"text\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic In the Dominican Republic, education is free and compulsory at the elementary level, and free but non-mandatory at the secondary level. It is divided into four stages: Literacy rates and school participation in the Dominican Republic has risen over the past years. Through these efforts, women have reported fast upward movement in social class partially due to increased education. There have been numerous efforts to evaluate teachers, students, and facilities through examinations. Teachers in the Dominican Republic rate higher in multiple aspects than other countries in Latin America, however, still rank below many other countries.\",\n \"title\": \"Education in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11232872\",\n \"text\": \"women are paid a premium because of their lighter skin. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks the Dominican Republic as a 'Tier 2' country. Prostitution in the Dominican Republic Prostitution in the Dominican Republic is legal, but related activities such as brothel-keeping or pimping are illegal. However, prostitution laws are generally not enforced. It is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 women work as prostitutes in the country, many from neighbouring Haiti. The Dominican Republic has gained a reputation of being a major destination for international sex tourism, although the activity is\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105721\",\n \"text\": \"for sugar mills): Major ports and harbours in the Dominican Republic: The following six local ports are a single pier with berth facility: A local ferry service runs daily between the Samaná and Sabana del Mar ports. Boaters and sailors who wish to dock in any of DR's ports must follow certain entry requirements: There are 7 major and 31 minor airports in the DR (2009): There are direct flights to and from Dominican Republic From United States, Cuba, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Europe and the Caribbean. Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105682\",\n \"text\": \"country exports free-trade-zone manufactured products (garments, medical devices, and so on), gold, nickel, protection equipment, bananas, liquor, cocoa beans, silver, and sauces and seasonings. It imports petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital goods, and foodstuffs. On 5 September 2005, the Congress of the Dominican Republic ratified a free trade agreement with the U.S. and five Central American countries, the Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). CAFTA-DR entered into force for the Dominican Republic on 1 March 2007. The total stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Dominican Republic as of 2006 was U.S. $3.3 billion, much of\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2737696\",\n \"text\": \"Culture of the Dominican Republic The culture of the Dominican Republic is a diverse mixture of different influences from around the world. The Dominican people and their customs have origins consisting predominately in a European cultural basis, with both African and native Taíno influences. The Dominican Republic was the site of the first European settlement in the Western Hemisphere, namely Santo Domingo founded in 1493. As a result of over five centuries of Spanish presence in the island, the core of Dominican culture is derived from the culture of Spain. The European inheritances include ancestry, language, traditions, law, the predominant\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2096814\",\n \"text\": \"and personal achievements earned him the Juan Pablo Duarte Order of Merit and the Order of Cristóbal Colón. Baseball is by far the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has the second-highest number of Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Some of these players have been regarded among the best in the game. Historically, the Dominican Republic has been linked to MLB since Ozzie Virgil, Sr. became the first Dominican to play in the league. Among the outstanding MLB players born in the Dominican are: Manny Ramirez, David Ortiz, Vladimir Guerrero, Pedro Martínez,\",\n \"title\": \"People of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2737728\",\n \"text\": \"Festival. During four days each December, independent films, shorts, and documentaries are screened. \\\"Notes\\\": Culture of the Dominican Republic The culture of the Dominican Republic is a diverse mixture of different influences from around the world. The Dominican people and their customs have origins consisting predominately in a European cultural basis, with both African and native Taíno influences. The Dominican Republic was the site of the first European settlement in the Western Hemisphere, namely Santo Domingo founded in 1493. As a result of over five centuries of Spanish presence in the island, the core of Dominican culture is derived from\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1820492\",\n \"text\": \"faster and louder. Dominican reggaeton recording artists include El Lapiz, Black Point, Messiah, Monkey Black, Mozart La Para, Engel Garcia, La Fabrica, Juancho and Reychesta of Tres Coronas, among several others. Dembow recording artists include El Mayor Clasico, Sensato del Patio, El Alfa, Chimbala, Don Miguelo and more. The most renowned exponent is Michel Camilo. Conservatorio Nacional de Música is the academy of music of the Dominican Republic. It was founded by José de Jesús Ravelo (Don Chuchú), one of the main Dominican composers. Music of the Dominican Republic The music of the Dominican Republic is primarily influenced by West\",\n \"title\": \"Music of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18875582\",\n \"text\": \"Mister Dominican Republic Mister Dominican Republic (Spanish: Mister República Dominicana) is a pageant where men ranging from the ages of 18 to 30 compete, each representing their country to the male international pageants. Mister Dominican Republic Pageant is the official platform for the most important male pageants of our planet: MISTER INTERNATIONAL, MISTER MANHUNT INTERNATIONAL, MISTER MODEL INTERNATIONAL also part of the semi finalist will be representing the Dominican Republic in some other Male pageants around the world. The MRDP (Mister Republica Dominicana Pageant) organizes by Tim Management Group and leads by Luis Trujillo who owns Mister Dominican Republic, Mister\",\n \"title\": \"Mister Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18875584\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Flores. On July 12, 2012 Erick Jiménez Sabater announced as the first Men Universe Model 2012 from the Dominican Republic. He overcame Miha Dragos of Slovenia during the final two at 5th annual Men Universe Model pageant. Mister Mundo República Dominicana is a pageant that was made 2007. Since that year Mister Dominican Republic World collaborates with Reina Nacional de Belleza (Miss Mundo Dominicana) together. Dominican Republic has participated at the Mister World since 1996. Mister Turismo Dominicano was a separate pageant that crowned a representative for the Dominican Republic in Mister Tourism International. Dominican Republic has participated since\",\n \"title\": \"Mister Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20697939\",\n \"text\": \"China–Dominican Republic relations China–Dominican Republic relations or Sino-Dominican relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Dominican Republic. The relations between the Dominican Republic and China began in 1932. Following the Chinese Civil War in 1949, relations were maintained in Taiwan and the other islands. After breaking off relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) on April 30, 2018, the Dominican Republic established diplomatic relations with the mainland government of the People's Republic of China. In 1932, the Chinese envoy to Cuba visited the Dominican Republic, the two countries began to negotiate a friendly treaty. The two countries\",\n \"title\": \"China–Dominican Republic relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105717\",\n \"text\": \"Transport in the Dominican Republic Transportation in the Dominican Republic is composed of a system of roads, airports, ports, harbours and an urban railway: There are five main highways (DR-1, DR-2, DR-3, DR-4, DR-5) they are in good condition in the Dominican Republic connecting its biggest cities and tourist centers. There are nearly of highways and roads, 9,872 being paved and (2002 est.) unpaved. Like any underdeveloped nation, the Dominican Republic suffers from lack of good paved roads to connect smaller towns and less populated areas though they are working on it, however major town roads are kept in good\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18211573\",\n \"text\": \"quota. The Dominican Republic received one wildcard in men's canoeing. The Dominican Republic qualified one male diver. The Dominican Republic has qualified an athlete. Argentina has qualified a full dressage team. The Dominican Republic has qualified two athletes. The Dominican Republic has qualified 6 female fencers. The Dominican Republic has qualified a women's team, of 16 athletes. The Dominican Republic qualified 2 athletes. Dominican Republic has qualified a men's team of 15 athletes. The Dominican Republic has qualified a team of eight judokas (four men and four women). The Dominican Republic has qualified 9 athletes. Dominican Republic has qualified a\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic at the 2015 Pan American Games\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10421752\",\n \"text\": \"62 countries and territories, ranking the Dominican Republic passport 73rd in terms of travel freedom (tied with Ghanaian and Sierra Leonean passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. http://translate.google.nl/translate?hl=nl&langpair=es|nl&u=http://jeantaveras.host56.com/2009/03/paises-los-que-no-se-requiere-visa-para.html Dominican Republic passport Dominican Republic passports are issued to citizens of the Dominican Republic to travel outside the country. In May 2001, Kim Jong-nam, deceased eldest son of North Korean dictator Kim Jong-il, was arrested at Narita International Airport, in Tokyo, Japan, travelling on a forged Dominican Republic passport. He was detained by immigration officials and later deported to the People's Republic of China. The incident caused Kim Jong-il to\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic passport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"105447\",\n \"text\": \"political opposition and to prevent several coup attempts during and after World War II. The secret police allegedly murdered more than 500,000 people during the Trujillo era. Although one-quarter Haitian, Trujillo promoted propaganda against them. In 1937, he ordered what became known as the Parsley Massacre or, in the Dominican Republic, as \\\"El Corte\\\" (The Cutting), directing the army to kill Haitians living on the Dominican side of the border. The army killed an estimated 17,000 to 35,000 Haitian men, women, and children over six days, from the night of October 2, 1937, through October 8, 1937. To avoid leaving\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19231283\",\n \"text\": \"in Rio, assuming they continued to meet all other eligibility requirements. Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics Dominican Republic competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19231281\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics Dominican Republic competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications,\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic at the 2016 Summer Paralympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12479562\",\n \"text\": \"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties signed after the dismantling of some of its colonies in the Spanish West Indies some 50 years prior, welcomed his proposal and set to reestablish the colony. The end of the\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12479565\",\n \"text\": \"killed or wounded in action. The 12,000 pro-Spanish southern forces recruited by Santana had also suffered about 10,000 casualties. The fatal losses among the Cibao-based nationalist armies were estimated at 4,000. Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18050133\",\n \"text\": \"became the Diocese of the Dominican Republic on January 1, 1986. The Diocese of the Dominican Republic maintains companion diocese relationships with several Episcopal dioceses in the United States: Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic The Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic () is the diocese of the Anglican Communion which covers all of the Dominican Republic. It is a member of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America and it is in Province IX. Its see city is Santo Domingo, and its cathedral is the Cathedral of the Epiphany. Benjamin Isaac Wilson, a teacher of the Christian\",\n \"title\": \"Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2901463\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of the population), in 11 territorial dioceses and one military ordinariate, served by 800 priests. Within the Dominican Republic the hierarchy consists of: The Dominican Republic offers religious freedom, but the Catholic Church still enjoys certain favors, in particular due to a 1954 concordat with\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13324450\",\n \"text\": \"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic use area code 809 with 829 and 849 as overlay codes. Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic use the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) country code, 1, followed by the area code in the same form as an internal area code in other NANP countries, such as the US and Canada. When in the Dominican Republic, the 3-digit area code followed by the 7-digit phone number must be dialed. When calling the Dominican Republic from the United States or Canada, this must be prefixed by the digit \\\"1\\\". From\",\n \"title\": \"Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12436591\",\n \"text\": \"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total (behind Haiti), with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013 (the Dominican Republic is the second most populated Caribbean nation). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that some urban areas of the Dominican Republic have HIV/AIDS infection rates well in excess of 10%. In some parts of the Dominican Republic, HIV/AIDS has become one of the leading cause of death\",\n \"title\": \"HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12609026\",\n \"text\": \"Miss Dominican Republic Miss Dominican Republic (Spanish: Miss República Dominicana) is a national beauty pageant in Dominican Republic. Miss Dominican Republic Organization has been in operation since 1927. In 1956, the pageant was officially restarted after crowning models from 1952 until 1955. In 1956, Olga Fiallo from Santiago won, making the Dominican Republic's first representative to Miss Universe. In 1966, the Concurso Nacional de Belleza Dominicana lost its Miss Universe rights for only one year but on that same year it gained their Miss World franchise sending the winner of that year, Jeanette Dotel from San Juan as their first\",\n \"title\": \"Miss Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20084736\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic–India relations Dominican Republic–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between the Dominican Republic and India. The Dominican Republic maintains an embassy in New Delhi. The Embassy of India in Havana, Cuba is jointly accredited to the Dominican Republic. India also maintains an honorary consulate in Santo Domingo. The Dominican Republic and India established diplomatic relations in May 1999. The countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding in Santo Domingo in May 2001 agreeing to hold regular Foreign Office consultations. During the visit of Indian Minister of State for External Affairs Rao Inderjit Singh visiting to the Dominican\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic–India relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20526470\",\n \"text\": \"main exports to Spain include: rum, cacao, medical equipment, cigars, fruits, tobacco and electronic equipment. Spain's main exports to the Dominican Republic include: machinery, wine, construction material, electronic equipment, olive oil and medicine. Spain is the Dominican Republic's third largest foreign investor (after the United States and Canada). In 2015, Spanish investments in the Dominican Republic totaled €926 million Euros. Spanish multinational companies such as Mapfre, Telefónica and Inditex operate in the Dominican Republic. Dominican Republic–Spain relations Dominican Republic–Spain relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Republic–Spain relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15413685\",\n \"text\": \"Carnival in the Dominican Republic The Carnival in the Dominican Republic is a Dominican celebration that takes place throughout February; although some Dominicans (rarely) celebrate it during Holy Week in March. Dominicans are usually most festive on February 27th, which is the Dominican Independence Day. In Santo Domingo, celebrations include a large military display with the Dominican air force, navy, and army. Festivities often include the wearing of colorful costumes that symbolize Dominican religious and traditional characters such as \\\"Calife\\\", \\\"Guloya\\\", and \\\"Diablo Cojuelo\\\". Festivities take place all over the island, with each town adding its own twist to the\",\n \"title\": \"Carnival in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2614982\",\n \"text\": \"Flag of the Dominican Republic The flag of the Dominican Republic represents the Dominican Republic and, together with the coat of arms and the national anthem, has the status of national symbol. The blue on the flag stands for liberty, the white for salvation, and the red for the blood of heroes. The civil ensign follows the same design, but without the charge in the center. The flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte. As described by Article 21 of the Dominican Constitution, the flag features a centered white cross that extends to the edges and divides the flag into\",\n \"title\": \"Flag of the Dominican Republic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["dominican peso"],"string":"[\n \"dominican peso\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1288,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is daniel radcliffe name in the woman in black?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14793010","text":"Daniel Radcliffe was announced as the actor playing the part of Arthur Kipps on 19 July 2010. Two months later, it was announced that \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2\" co-star Ciarán Hinds would join Radcliffe along with Janet McTeer as Mr and Mrs Daily respectively. Before filming, Radcliffe saw a psychologist so he could better understand his character. The part of Joseph Kipps was played by Misha Handley, who is Radcliffe's real life godson. The film was planned to be shot in 3D, but the idea was later scrapped. Principal photography officially started on 26 September 2010.","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793010\",\n \"text\": \"Daniel Radcliffe was announced as the actor playing the part of Arthur Kipps on 19 July 2010. Two months later, it was announced that \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2\\\" co-star Ciarán Hinds would join Radcliffe along with Janet McTeer as Mr and Mrs Daily respectively. Before filming, Radcliffe saw a psychologist so he could better understand his character. The part of Joseph Kipps was played by Misha Handley, who is Radcliffe's real life godson. The film was planned to be shot in 3D, but the idea was later scrapped. Principal photography officially started on 26 September 2010.\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"4872924","text":"The Woman in Black The Woman in Black is a 1983 horror novel by Susan Hill, written in the style of a traditional Gothic novel. The plot concerns a mysterious spectre that haunts a small English town, heralding the death of children. A television film based on the story, also called \"The Woman in Black\", was produced in 1989, with a screenplay by Nigel Kneale. In 2012, a theatrical film adaptation of the same name was released, starring Daniel Radcliffe. The book has also been adapted into a stage play by Stephen Mallatratt. It is the second longest-running play in","title":"The Woman in Black"},{"psg_id":"14793000","text":"The Woman in Black (2012 film) The Woman in Black is a 2012 supernatural horror film directed by James Watkins and written by Jane Goldman. It is the second adaptation of Susan Hill's 1983 novel of the same name, which was previously filmed in 1989. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe in the lead role, alongside Ciarán Hinds, Janet McTeer, Sophie Stuckey, and Liz White. The plot is set in early 20th-century England and follows a young, recently widowed lawyer who travels to a remote village where he discovers the vengeful ghost of a scorned woman is terrorizing the locals. The","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"14793016","text":"shelter at Eel Marsh House, Eve soon comes to realize that they are not alone. The longer they remain there, the more the house's evil spirit threatens the children. With the help of a pilot (Jeremy Irvine), Eve tries to protect the children and uncover the truth of the Woman in Black.\" The original novel's author Susan Hill helped with the story, with the screenplay written by Jon Croker. In October 2012, Tom Harper was announced as the film's director. In April 2013, it was announced that Jeremy Irvine will play the lead role with rumors of Daniel Radcliffe briefly","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"14793017","text":"reprising his role from the first film, however Radcliffe ultimately did not appear in the sequel. It has also been announced that Phoebe Fox and Helen McCrory have been cast in the film as well. The film began the shooting process in early 2014. The film was released on 2 January 2015 to moderate box office returns but a generally negative critical response. The Woman in Black (2012 film) The Woman in Black is a 2012 supernatural horror film directed by James Watkins and written by Jane Goldman. It is the second adaptation of Susan Hill's 1983 novel of the","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"18748660","text":"program in rural Kenya for three months during 2006 and upon returning home to New Zealand Radcliffe founded International Volunteer HQ (IVHQ). In 2018 IVHQ was taken over by the Sydney based firm Mercury Capital. \"A firm, that invests only in private businesses, ”with enterprise values of between $50 million to $200 million\".” Daniel Radcliffe is still the Deputy Director. Radcliffe has expanded also into farming and multiple other businesses, including: Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur) Daniel Jon Radcliffe is the founder and current Deputy Director of the volunteer travel and internship company International Volunteer HQ Limited (IVHQ), with internships provided under","title":"Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur)"},{"psg_id":"1354291","text":"Circle Award nominations. The production itself later received nine Tony Award nominations. Radcliffe left the show on 1 January 2012. His first post-\"Harry Potter\" project was the 2012 horror film \"The Woman in Black\", adapted from the 1983 novel by Susan Hill. The film was released on 3 February 2012 in the United States and Canada, and was released on 10 February in the UK. Radcliffe portrays a man sent to deal with the legal matters of a mysterious woman who has just died, and soon after he begins to experience strange events and hauntings from the ghost of a","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354270","text":"Daniel Radcliffe Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor and producer best known for his role as the titular protagonist in the \"Harry Potter\" film series, based on the novels by J. K. Rowling. Born and raised in London, Radcliffe made his acting debut at 10 years of age in BBC One's 1999 television film \"David Copperfield\", followed by his cinematic debut in 2001's \"The Tailor of Panama\". At age 11, he was cast as Potter in the series' first film \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", and starred in the series for 10 years, starring","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"14219946","text":"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \"The Heart of It All\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\" debuted on the U.S. \"Billboard\"","title":"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)"},{"psg_id":"14219947","text":"Hot Country Singles for the week of March 12, 1988. What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \"The Heart of It All\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \"What She Is","title":"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)"},{"psg_id":"18748658","text":"Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur) Daniel Jon Radcliffe is the founder and current Deputy Director of the volunteer travel and internship company International Volunteer HQ Limited (IVHQ), with internships provided under the brand Intern Abroad HQ. In 2014, Radcliffe was named Young Entrepreneur of the Year and Entrepreneur of the Year at the New Zealand edition of the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Awards, in recognition for the success of International Volunteer HQ. He represented New Zealand at the EY World Entrepreneur of the Year Awards in June 2015 where he was also inducted into the World Entrepreneur Hall of","title":"Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur)"},{"psg_id":"14357262","text":"The Woman in Black (play) The Woman in Black is a 1987 stage play, adapted by Stephen Mallatratt. The play is based on the book of the same name, which was published in 1983 by English author Susan Hill. The play is currently being produced by PW Productions, led by Peter Wilson. It is notable for only having two actors perform the whole play. It was first performed at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough, in 1987. The production opened in London's West End in 1989 and is still being performed there, becoming the second longest-running non-musical play in West","title":"The Woman in Black (play)"},{"psg_id":"1354304","text":"celebrities who donated their old glasses to an exhibit honouring victims of the Holocaust. During the Broadway run of \"Equus\" he auctioned off a pair of jeans and other items worn in the show, for New-York-based Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS and was a presenter at the 2011 Gypsy of the Year competition. He has also donated money to Get Connected UK, a London-based free confidential national helpline for troubled youth. Daniel Radcliffe Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor and producer best known for his role as the titular protagonist in the \"Harry Potter\" film series,","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"20261876","text":"The Black Woman is God The Black Woman Is God is a recurring group exhibition of Black women artists curated by Karen Seneferu and Melorra Green, which started in 2013 and in 2016 and 2017 has been located at the San Francisco city-owned nonprofit art space SOMArts. The exhibitions challenge a popular western mindset of God as a white male and instead explores new images showing \"The Black Woman is God\". The first iteration of The Black Woman is God was intended as a solo exhibition for Seneferu, curated by Green, at the African American Art & Culture Complex. Seneferu","title":"The Black Woman is God"},{"psg_id":"10369124","text":"Best Make Up and Best Original Television Music. The Woman in Black (1989 film) The Woman in Black is a 1989 British television horror film directed by Herbert Wise, and starring Adrian Rawlins, Bernard Hepton, David Daker and Pauline Moran. The teleplay is adapted from the 1983 novel of the same name by Susan Hill. It focuses on a young solicitor who is sent to a coastal English village to settle the estate of a reclusive widow, and finds the town haunted. The programme was produced by Central Independent Television for the ITV Network, and premiered on Christmas Eve 1989","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"10369111","text":"The Woman in Black (1989 film) The Woman in Black is a 1989 British television horror film directed by Herbert Wise, and starring Adrian Rawlins, Bernard Hepton, David Daker and Pauline Moran. The teleplay is adapted from the 1983 novel of the same name by Susan Hill. It focuses on a young solicitor who is sent to a coastal English village to settle the estate of a reclusive widow, and finds the town haunted. The programme was produced by Central Independent Television for the ITV Network, and premiered on Christmas Eve 1989 and was an unexpected success, though author Susan","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"10369112","text":"Hill reportedly disagreed with some of the slight changes Kneale made in the adaptation. Another film version was released in 2012, starring Daniel Radcliffe in the lead role. Arthur Kidd, a young solicitor, is sent to a small market town on the East Coast of England to attend the funeral of Mrs. Alice Drablow, an elderly reclusive widow. On the train, Kidd meets Sam Toovey, a local land owner who is unsettled upon hearing that Kidd is dealing with the Drablow estate. Arriving at Crythin Gifford, Kidd lodges at a local inn where he finds the townspeople reluctant to talk","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"4872932","text":"Actor. Mallatratt's version sees Arthur rehearsing with an actor in an attempt to perform the story to family and friends, which allows him to relive the haunting of Eel Marsh House as a play within a play. A sequel of the book named \"\" was first published in the United Kingdom on 24 October 2013 and was published in the United States on 12 February 2014, written by Martyn Waites. It is a movie novelization of the 2015 film \"\". The Woman in Black The Woman in Black is a 1983 horror novel by Susan Hill, written in the style","title":"The Woman in Black"},{"psg_id":"20261879","text":"22 in conjunction with the exhibition \"to raise the online visibility of Black women artists and challenge the gaps in art history that erase or minimize Black women’s contributions as artists, activists and social change-makers.\" They plan for 2018 to have more events in Oakland where many artists live and would like future exhibitions to travel around the country and the world. The Black Woman is God The Black Woman Is God is a recurring group exhibition of Black women artists curated by Karen Seneferu and Melorra Green, which started in 2013 and in 2016 and 2017 has been located","title":"The Black Woman is God"},{"psg_id":"14357275","text":"added at the end of the play; the Actor asks Kipps about the actress playing the Woman in Black. Mirroring the earlier scene with Mr Jerome, Kipps, terrified, denies that anyone else had been in the theatre, implying that the real Woman in Black had been present. The play ends with the rhythmic knocking of the rocking chair as the lights fade to black. An image of the face of the Woman in Black lingers behind the gauze for a few seconds. The play premiered in 1987 at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough as a \"Christmas ghost story\". The","title":"The Woman in Black (play)"},{"psg_id":"20016408","text":"Woman in Black (supernatural) The \"Woman in Black\" is a supernatural figure that was occasionally seen in western Virginia and Tennessee through the 1900-1930s, and at other times. Periodically described as an Appalachian folk tale, other times as a moral figure, and sometimes a voodoo spirit of malevolence, the Woman in Black was reported in different cities and regions throughout the south and west. At the same time, one appearance was reported by reputable people in Alma, Nebraska. There is an account of a Woman in Black that was seen in Kingsport, Tennessee in November 1927. She appeared to Lena","title":"Woman in Black (supernatural)"},{"psg_id":"14793009","text":"Joseph are killed by the oncoming train while a horrified Sam sees the spirits of the village children, and the Woman in Black. After the train passes, Joseph spots a woman in white on the tracks, and Arthur identifies her as his late wife Stella, the family now happily reunited, as the Woman in Black looks ominously on. Liz White's character is never referred to as \"The Woman in Black\" inside the film or during the credits, where she is listed as \"Jennet\". The film was announced in 2009, with Jane Goldman as screenwriter and later James Watkins as director.","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"19623864","text":"confronts Nick about Adalind. Nick decides to take Juliette to his aunt's trailer in an attempt to show her the Grimm world but she is still skeptical. He decides to take her with Monroe to show his Blutbad change. Suddenly, Juliette faints. Nick takes her to the hospital where she lies into a coma. Monroe takes Adalind's cat to Rosalee's (Bree Turner) shop so they can discover what happened to the cat. Hank arrives home to discover it wrecked as the Woman in black leaves. Juliette wakes up with her eyes black as identical as Adalind's cat. Nick returns home","title":"Woman in Black (Grimm)"},{"psg_id":"4872927","text":"a group of children are silently watching. While sorting through Mrs Drablow's papers at Eel Marsh House over the course of several days, he endures an increasingly terrifying sequence of unexplained noises, chilling events and appearances by the Woman in Black. In one of these instances, he hears the sound of a horse and carriage in distress, closely followed by the screams of a young child and his maid, coming from the direction of the marshes. Most of the people in Crythin Gifford are reluctant to reveal information about Mrs Drablow and the mysterious woman in black. Any attempts by","title":"The Woman in Black"},{"psg_id":"4872929","text":"House with him as long as she never revealed her true identity to him. She secretly planned to abscond from the house with her son. One day, a horse and carriage carrying the boy across the causeway became lost and sank into the marshes, killing all aboard, while Jennet looked on helplessly from the window. After Jennet died, she returned to haunt Eel Marsh House and the town of Crythin Gifford, as the malevolent Woman in Black. According to local tales, a sighting of the Woman in Black presaged the death of a child. After some time (but still years","title":"The Woman in Black"},{"psg_id":"14793007","text":"among them. Arthur finds the nursery no longer locked. Inside, he sees the Woman in Black hanging herself. In town, Jerome's house catches fire with his daughter still inside. When Arthur attempts to save her, he sees the Woman in Black goading the girl into immolating herself. The townspeople blame Arthur for this death as well. At her son's grave, Elisabeth tells Arthur that the Woman in Black is Jennet, who claims the village children by having them take their lives in penance for her own son being taken. Arthur realizes that his son Joseph, who is coming to Crythin","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"14357274","text":"after seeing her. Kipps returns to London and marries his fiancée, Stella. At a country fair, Stella and their infant son Joseph go for a ride on a pony and trap. Arthur sees the Woman in Black. Joseph is thrown out of the trap,and hits a tree,killing him instantly. Stella then dies 10 months later due to injuries.(This scene is depicted through recorded sound and narration.) Having come to the end of their rehearsal, Kipps and the Actor sit down to rest. Kipps wonders if performing the play for his family will exorcise the Woman in Black. A twist is","title":"The Woman in Black (play)"},{"psg_id":"20016410","text":"Woman in Black remains a mystery. A woman in black was encountered by several people in Roanoke, Virginia in 1902. \"She was beautiful, stately and terrifying.\" Here the woman in black would appear suddenly and unexpectedly to men who had stayed to long at the club and insist they go home as quickly as possible. Sometimes the woman in black would knock the man down to the ground or \"slap him to the earth with a swish of her phantom garments\". The woman was always described as beautiful, about 5'10\" in height, with large eyes and heavy lashes. She wore","title":"Woman in Black (supernatural)"},{"psg_id":"16585319","text":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death The Woman in Black: Angel of Death (released as The Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death in some countries) is a 2014 American-British-Canadian supernatural horror film directed by Tom Harper and written by Jon Croker from a story by Susan Hill. It is the sequel to the 2012 film \"The Woman in Black\", and is produced by Hammer Film Productions and Entertainment One. Thirty years after the events of the first film, during the London Blitz, Eve Parkins joins some of her schoolchildren and the school's headmistress, Jean Hogg, to evacuate them","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"1354277","text":"off as to where they were.\" In 2000, producer David Heyman asked Radcliffe to audition for the role of Harry Potter for the film adaptation of \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", the best-selling book by British author J. K. Rowling. Rowling had been searching for an unknown British actor to personify the character, and the movie's director Chris Columbus recalled thinking, \"This is what I want. This is Harry Potter\", after he saw a video of the young actor in \"David Copperfield\". Eight months later, and after several auditions, Radcliffe was selected to play the part. Rowling also endorsed","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354296","text":"skill disorder sometimes prevents him from doing simple activities, such as writing or tying his own shoelaces. \"I was having a hard time at school, in terms of being crap at everything, with no discernible talent,\" Radcliffe commented. In August 2010, he stopped drinking alcohol after finding himself becoming too reliant on it. In November 2007, Radcliffe published several poems under the pen name Jacob Gershona combination of his middle name and the Jewish version of his mother's maiden name Greshamin \"Rubbish\", an underground fashion magazine. He has a close friendship with his \"Harry Potter\" co-stars Tom Felton and Emma","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"16585329","text":"a rating of 22%, based on 72 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/10. The consensus reads, \"\"The Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death\" is atmospheric and visually sharp, but it's short on tension and scares.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 42 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a grade of \"C\" on an A+ to F scale. The Woman in Black: Angel of Death The Woman in Black: Angel of Death (released as The Woman in Black 2: Angel of","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"10369119","text":"Kidd awakens in the town inn to the sound of the child's laughter and finds the soldier yet again in his hand. After asking out loud what the child wants of him, the child replies that the soldier \"is for you\". The Woman in Black appears, hovering over his bed, and shrieks into his face, terrifying him into unconsciousness. Kidd returns to London and his family. His boss instructs him to look through the box of Mrs. Drablow's papers that was sent from Crythin Gifford. At that moment, his two assistants come in and say that there was a customer","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"16585327","text":"In October 2012, Tom Harper was announced as the film's director. In April 2013, it was announced that Jeremy Irvine will play the lead role. Rumours circulated that Daniel Radcliffe would briefly reprise his role from the first film but this never came to pass. Principal photography for the film began in early 2014. On 18 October 2013, a novelisation of the film's screenplay was released by Hammer Books (Random House Publishing) in England. The novelisation was written by crime fiction author Martyn Waites, and critical reception for the book has been generally negative. The soundtrack album was released on","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"14357266","text":"man enlisted to help him, Mr Horatio Jerome. They go to Mrs Drablow's funeral together, where Arthur first sees the Woman in Black. At first feeling sorry for the young woman, who was apparently suffering from some dreadful wasting disease, he asks Mr Jerome who she is. Mr Jerome is visibly terrified and hurries Arthur away from the church, insisting that there was no woman. After their return to the inn, Mr Jerome recovers somewhat, and says that a local man will arrive presently to escort Arthur to Mrs Drablow's house. The local man, a villager named Keckwick, arrives a","title":"The Woman in Black (play)"},{"psg_id":"20016411","text":"a black dress that almost touched the ground, and a raglan coat that covered a slender frame. On her head she wore a turban, but worn so it would obscure the lower part of her face. Although unknown to them, she would appear next to married men and address them by name. Some other towns in the region were also visited by the woman in black, including Bristol, Virginia, Tazewell, Virginia, Lynchburg, Virginia and Richmond, Virginia. One account claims she appeared suddenly to four men of the Disciples of Christ church in Tazewell, Virginia, and scared them so badly they","title":"Woman in Black (supernatural)"},{"psg_id":"1354295","text":"name by Yossi Ghinsberg and directed by Greg Mclean, in the thriller \"Jungle\". In 2018, Radcliffe portrayed a pilot smuggling drugs across borders in the independent action-thriller \"Beast of Burden\" directed by Jesper Ganslandt. He is set to star as American reporter Jake Adelstein in \"Tokyo Vice\". In November 2015, he joined the ensemble cast of Shane Carruth's third film, \"The Modern Ocean\" alongside Anne Hathaway, Keanu Reeves, Tom Holland, Chloë Grace Moretz, Asa Butterfield, Jeff Goldblum and Abraham Attah. In 2008, Radcliffe revealed that he has a mild form of the neurological disorder developmental coordination disorder (dyspraxia). The motor","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"20162975","text":"a strong black woman and I cannot be intimidated\" in reference to disparaging comments about her appearance used by Bill' O'Reilly. Her interview with MSNBC indicates this term as a polysemy within the black community. Strong black woman The conceptual ideology of a strong black woman identifies women of color as victims of intersectionality within a patriarchal society in which they are pushed to fit the standard mold of a traditional strong black woman versus what it means to be a woman to themselves. Used interchangeably, the” Black Superwomen Syndrome” is the pressure & expectation of a woman of color","title":"Strong black woman"},{"psg_id":"14793015","text":"became the highest-grossing British horror film in 20 years. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on 18 June 2012 in the United Kingdom, and was released in the United States on 22 May 2012. In April 2012, Hammer Films announced that there would be a sequel to \"The Woman in Black\", which is titled \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\". The official plot synopsis is: \"During World War II, the London bombings force schoolteachers Eve Parkins (Phoebe Fox) and Jean Hogg (Helen McCrory) to evacuate a group of children to Crythin Gifford. When the refugees take","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"4872926","text":"funeral of Mrs. Alice Drablow. Kipps is reluctant to leave his fiancée, Stella, but he is eager to leave the London smog. The late Drablow was an elderly and reclusive widow who lived alone in the desolate and secluded Eel Marsh House. The house is situated on Nine Lives Causeway. At high tide, it is completely cut off from the mainland, surrounded only by marshes and sea frets. Kipps soon realizes there is more to Alice Drablow than he originally thought. At the funeral, he sees a woman dressed in black and with a pale face and dark eyes, whom","title":"The Woman in Black"},{"psg_id":"15807443","text":"What a Woman! What a Woman! also known as The Beautiful Cheat is a 1943 black-and-white romantic comedy movie starring Rosalind Russell and Brian Aherne. Aherne appeared with Rosalind Russell in four films: \"Hired Wife\" (1940), \"My Sister Eileen\" (1942), \"What a Woman!\" (1943) and \"Rosie!\" (1967). The movie revolves around a literary agent Carol Ainsley's trying to transform her star client, Michael Cobb, into the actor playing his most famous character. After it becomes obvious that it's impossible and he quits, Henry Pepper, a journalist writing a profile on the agent, calls him and convinces him that he's in","title":"What a Woman!"},{"psg_id":"10369118","text":"Toovey arrives at Eel Marsh House, brought by Spider, and listens to Kidd's theories regarding the Woman in Black. He then tells Kidd that according to local tales, seeing the Woman in Black presages the death of a child. Kidd decides to pack his things and leave the house. However, amongst the papers, he finds the lead soldier. He points this out to Mr. Toovey, and they go up to the nursery. However, when they reach it, the room is a mess, with all the toys smashed and the furniture in shambles. This is too much for Kidd, who collapses.","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"19074883","text":"versions of \"Woman with Black Glove\", illustrating a facet of Gleizes' pursuits during the early 1920s: \"reminiscences of specific reality evoked within the context of increasingly careful picture construction\", writes art historian Daniel Robbins. \"Woman with Black Glove\" was exhibited at the Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, 15 October – 12 December 1920. The work was reproduced in Floréal: \"l'hebdomadaire illustré du monde du travail\", no. 45, 11 December 1920 (titled \"Peinture avec femme assise\"). Formerly in the private collection of Juliette Roche-Gleizes (wife of the artist), \"Woman with Black Glove\" is located at the National Gallery of Australia. \"Woman","title":"Woman with Black Glove"},{"psg_id":"20162962","text":"Strong black woman The conceptual ideology of a strong black woman identifies women of color as victims of intersectionality within a patriarchal society in which they are pushed to fit the standard mold of a traditional strong black woman versus what it means to be a woman to themselves. Used interchangeably, the” Black Superwomen Syndrome” is the pressure & expectation of a woman of color to manage multiple roles of the mother, worker, homemaker, student and any other roles that usually inclusive to one person or sex. Keep in mind, this is different then a career woman because rather than","title":"Strong black woman"},{"psg_id":"14357273","text":"drowned. Jennet, driven mad by grief, contracted a terrible wasting disease and died several years later. Immediately after her death, she returned as the Woman in Black. Arthur suddenly becomes subject to a series of terrifying events in Eel Marsh House, and eventually collapses on the marsh when trying to rescue Spider. He is found and taken back to Crythin by Sam Daily, who assures him that Spider is all right. He tells Arthur the story of the Woman, and explains that many of the local people he has met (Jerome, Keckwick and Daily himself) have all lost a child","title":"The Woman in Black (play)"},{"psg_id":"20261878","text":"asserts Black women’s power and beauty and does not seek to devalue any other group in the process... It applies pressure to the beliefs and values undergirding the laws and policies that exclude Black women’s lives from economic policymaking and their labor from economic value and protection.\" The third iteration of The Black Woman is God, also curated by Karen Seneferu and Melorra Green, returned to SOMArts on July 20, 2017, running through August 26, 2017. The exhibition has the work of 80 artists on view. SOMArts, the California Digital Library and Art Practical held a Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon on July","title":"The Black Woman is God"},{"psg_id":"20261877","text":"agreed to participate in the exhibition only if other black female artists were included. The exhibition included 20 visual and performance artists. The opening reception also included a performing arts show as part of the exhibition and was called \"vibrant and magnificent\". The second, expanded iteration of The Black Woman is God, with 60 artists, opened on July 7, 2016 and ran through August 16, 2016. Art critics called it as \"timely\", \"organic\", and \"vivid\". Sheila Bapat of Bitch Magazine said \"The exhibit intentionally turns the historic devaluation of Black women and their contributions—social, political, economical—on its head. This exhibit","title":"The Black Woman is God"},{"psg_id":"15807448","text":"confront him. After Henry insults Carol and accuses her of being only a \"ten percent woman,\" she slaps him, runs into the hallway and announces that she is calling off the wedding because she is not in love with Michael and refuses to be married just for the sake of business. Henry listens to her speech in admiration, and when she finishes, she rushes into his arms. What a Woman! What a Woman! also known as The Beautiful Cheat is a 1943 black-and-white romantic comedy movie starring Rosalind Russell and Brian Aherne. Aherne appeared with Rosalind Russell in four films:","title":"What a Woman!"},{"psg_id":"14793014","text":"not provide enough of them for viewers attuned to modern, high-stakes horror.\" On Metacritic the film has a score of 62 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". During opening weekend, \"The Woman in Black\" earned $20 million, the biggest US opening for a Hammer film in all of Hammer history, putting it at second place in the box office, behind \"Chronicle\", which earned about $1 million more. This is significantly more than the $11–$16.5 million industry analysts predicted it would bring in. , \"The Woman in Black\" has made $127.7 million worldwide. The film also","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"19623870","text":"that didn't really count, a reveal that was good (but not great), and a one-note villain that only left the most ancillary of bodies in his wake.\" Woman in Black (Grimm) \"Woman in Black\" is the 22nd episode and the first-season finale of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\", which premiered on May 18, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf, and was directed by Norberto Barba. Opening quote: \"It shall not be death, but a sleep of a hundred years, into which the princess shall fall.\" Hank (Russell Hornsby) is having","title":"Woman in Black (Grimm)"},{"psg_id":"16585322","text":"Woman in Black; Eve finds his body on the beach, mangled by barbed wire. Eve later sees the Woman in the graveyard, where she finds the grave of Nathaniel Drablow. She chases the ghost to the beach and is overcome by visions of Nathaniel's death. At the house, she and Harry establish the story of the ghost through an old recording made by Alice Drablow before her death at the hands of the Woman in Black: it is her sister, Jennet Humfrye, the mother of the child she adopted, Nathaniel. Jennet is haunting them because of Nathaniel's premature death, and","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"19623862","text":"Woman in Black (Grimm) \"Woman in Black\" is the 22nd episode and the first-season finale of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\", which premiered on May 18, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf, and was directed by Norberto Barba. Opening quote: \"It shall not be death, but a sleep of a hundred years, into which the princess shall fall.\" Hank (Russell Hornsby) is having nightmares after his encounter with the Wesen. Nick (David Giuntoli) and Monroe (Silas Weir Mitchell) are discussing whether to tell Hank about the Wesen. They are being","title":"Woman in Black (Grimm)"},{"psg_id":"1820963","text":"still refer to Radcliffe in their names, (for example the Radcliffe Union of Students, Harvard's feminist organization; the Radcliffe Choral Society, Harvard's female choir (now one of the Holden Choirs), which has alumnae from both Radcliffe and Harvard and maintains a repertoire of Radcliffiana; the Harvard Radcliffe Orchestra; the Harvard-Radcliffe Gilbert and Sullivan Players; the Radcliffe Pitches, a female a cappella singing group; and the Harvard-Radcliffe Dramatic Club). Two athletic teams still compete under the Radcliffe name: varsity crew, which still rows with Radcliffe's black-and-white oarblades and uniforms instead of Harvard's crimson-and-white (in 1973 the team had been the only","title":"Radcliffe College"},{"psg_id":"1354284","text":"and the Deathly HallowsPart 2\", was released in July 2011. Radcliffe, along with the film, was critically acclaimed: Ann Hornaday of \"The Washington Post\" asked, \"Who could have predicted that Radcliffe, Grint and Watson would turn out to be good actors?\"; similarly, Rex Reed said: \"Frankly, I’m sorry to see [Radcliffe] go\"; while \"Rolling Stone\" critic Peter Travers commented on Radcliffe: \"Well played, sir.\" Roger Ebert gave the film a highly positive review, but felt that Radcliffe, Grint and Watson were \"upstaged by the supporting [actors].\" Radcliffe admitted that some people would never be able to separate him from the","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354300","text":"stated, \"I'm very relaxed about [being an atheist]. I don't preach my atheism, but I have a huge amount of respect for people like Richard Dawkins who do. Anything he does on television, I will watch\". Radcliffe is a supporter of the Labour Party. Until 2012, Radcliffe had publicly supported the Liberal Democrats, and before the 2010 general election Radcliffe endorsed Nick Clegg, the Lib Dem leader. In 2012, however, Radcliffe switched his allegiance to the Labour Party, citing disappointment with the performance of Nick Clegg and the Liberal Democrats in government, and approving of the Labour leader, Ed Miliband.","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"10369114","text":"who knows the timing of the tides. Keckwick agrees to pick up Kidd when it is safe to cross the causeway again. Kidd walks around the graveyard near the house when he sees the woman once again. Terrified, he flees into the house. While looking around the study, he finds two death certificates as well as pictures of a young woman who resembles the Woman in Black. After hearing some disturbing recordings made by Mrs. Drablow on wax cylinders, he decides not to wait for Keckwick and walk back to town. When he arrives in town, Kidd pays a visit","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"16585321","text":"she hears the noise of a rocking chair coming from the cellar. There she finds a message, scolding her for letting her child go, and sees a woman dressed in black. The next morning, one of the children, Edward, who has been mute since the death of his parents in the bombing, is bullied by two other children and sees the Woman in Black in the nursery. Eve feels that something is wrong when Edward starts constantly carrying around a rotting doll. That night, one of the boys who was bullying him is drawn out of the house by the","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"10369120","text":"for him, a woman dressed completely in black. Delirious with terror, Kidd searches madly through the box for the toy soldier. When he does not find it, he burns all the papers and the box, and half his office as well. His boss fires him and the Kidd family decide to leave London. With the events apparently passed, Arthur and his family are boating on a peaceful lake when Arthur sees the Woman in Black standing on the lake, watching him. Petrified, he does nothing. A tree falls on their boat, drowning and killing them all. The programme was filmed","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"14793013","text":"2014, including a short clip from the forthcoming sequel \"\", was given a higher rating of 15. The soundtrack for the film was composed by American film composer Marco Beltrami. It received positive reviews and was released as a soundtrack album on 12 March 2012 by Silva Screen Records. \"The Woman in Black\" was met with generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 66%, based on 182 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus states, \"Traditional to a fault, \"The Woman in Black\" forwent gore for chills—although it may","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"1820960","text":"president Matina Horner once told the New York Times of her surprise when she first delivered a lecture at Harvard in 1969 and four male students approached her. One told her that they \"just wanted to see what it felt like to be lectured by a woman and if a woman could be articulate.\" Picking up on the perceived common Harvard blind-eye to women's intellectual competence and reflecting on the fact that while at Radcliffe they had had very few female faculty members, in the late 1990s a group of Radcliffe alumnae established the Committee for The Equality of Women","title":"Radcliffe College"},{"psg_id":"15848626","text":"Young Woman in a Black Dress The Young Woman in a Black Dress is an oil painting by Titian, dating to around 1520 and now held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was later misattributed to Palma il Vecchio, then to Giovanni Cariani, until Roberto Longhi reattributed it as by Titian, which is now the critical consensus. It depicts a woman half-length, facing the viewer, with her torso slightly twisted to give a sense of movement. One hand holds her black dress over her white shift, with a generous cleavage. The woman's physical type recurs in several other works","title":"Young Woman in a Black Dress"},{"psg_id":"4872930","text":"before the beginning of the story), Kipps returns to London, marries Stella, has a child of his own, and tries to put the events at Crythin Gifford behind him. At a fair, while his wife and child are enjoying a horse and carriage ride, Kipps sees the Woman in Black. She steps out in front of the horse and startles it, causing it to bolt and wreck the carriage against a tree, killing the child instantly and critically injuring Stella, who dies ten months later. Kipps finishes his reminiscence with the words, \"They have asked for my story. I have","title":"The Woman in Black"},{"psg_id":"1354279","text":"that the fee was \"not that important\" to him; his parents chose to invest the money for him. The film was highly popular and was met with positive reviews, and critics took notice of Radcliffe: \"Radcliffe is the embodiment of every reader's imagination. It is wonderful to see a young hero who is so scholarly looking and filled with curiosity and who connects with very real emotions, from solemn intelligence and the delight of discovery to deep family longing,\" wrote Bob Graham of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\". A year later Radcliffe starred in \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\",","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"10369113","text":"about Mrs. Drablow's dreary home, Eel Marsh House. The next day, Kidd attends the funeral with Mr. Pepperell, a local solicitor. During the sermon, he notices a woman in black standing at the back of the church, then again amid the gravestones. He mentions the woman to Mr. Pepperell. Elsewhere, a truck carrying heavy lumber accidentally drops its load and cripples a Romani child. Kidd is driven by trap to Eel Marsh House, which is connected to the mainland by a tidal causeway frequently hidden by the high tides and the sea mists. His driver is Keckwick, a local man","title":"The Woman in Black (1989 film)"},{"psg_id":"16585325","text":"they are dragged down into the mud by the ghost. At the last minute, Harry arrives and saves them, though he is dragged down to his death instead. Months later, Eve has adopted Edward, and they are living in London. Although they believe they are free from the ghost, once they leave their house, she appears again and smashes a picture of Harry and his crew. In April 2012, Hammer Films announced that there would be a sequel to \"The Woman in Black\", titled \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\". Originally, the official plot synopsis was different from that","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"1354301","text":"In August 2015, Radcliffe endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election. He told \"The Big Issue\": \"...I feel like this show of sincerity by a man who has been around long enough and stuck to his beliefs long enough that he knows them and doesn't have to be scripted is what is making people sit up and get excited. It is great.\" He is a supporter of a British republic. On 13 April 2006, his portrait, drawn by Stuart Pearson Wright, was unveiled as part of a new exhibition opening at the Royal National Theatre; it was","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"15848627","text":"by the artist, such as \"Flora\" and \"Woman with a Mirror\" - she may have been Titian's mistress, or simply a recurring model. Young Woman in a Black Dress The Young Woman in a Black Dress is an oil painting by Titian, dating to around 1520 and now held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was later misattributed to Palma il Vecchio, then to Giovanni Cariani, until Roberto Longhi reattributed it as by Titian, which is now the critical consensus. It depicts a woman half-length, facing the viewer, with her torso slightly twisted to give a sense of movement.","title":"Young Woman in a Black Dress"},{"psg_id":"1354281","text":"creative success. The future of the franchise was put into question when Radcliffe and his co-leads Emma Watson and Rupert Grint hesitated signing on to continue their roles for the final two episodes; however, by March 2007, Radcliffe had signed for the final films, which put an end to weeks of press \"speculation that he would be denied the role due to his involvement in \"Equus\"\", in which he had performed nude on stage. Radcliffe reprised his role for the fourth time in \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" (2007). Radcliffe stated that director David Yates and actress","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"14357267","text":"few moments later. To Arthur's delight, Keckwick drives Arthur in an old-fashioned pony and trap out to the house. Arthur spends the day sorting through Mrs Drablow's papers, and is amazed to find out how many there are. He also finds an old cemetery outside the house, where he again encounters the Woman in Black. Later that day, a thick fog settles on the marsh, cutting Arthur off from the mainland. He tries to return across the causeway on foot in the fog, but quickly becomes lost and is forced to retrace his steps to Eel Marsh House. Before he","title":"The Woman in Black (play)"},{"psg_id":"4916285","text":"the ancient parish were taken to form Bury St. Peter's ecclesiastical parish. In 1878 parts of the ancient parish as well as part of Radcliffe St. Thomas were taken to form Radcliffe St. Andrew, Black Lane ecclesiastical parish. The Parish Church of St Mary was built during the 14th century, and the tower added in the 15th century. In 1966 it was designated a Grade I listed building by English Heritage under its former name of the Church of St Mary and St Bartholomew. In 1991 some local parishes were merged, and the church adopted its present name. Radcliffe is","title":"Radcliffe, Greater Manchester"},{"psg_id":"20016409","text":"Mitchell, an African-American woman, was visited several times by this mysterious woman, who left her hypnotized or \"in fits\" afterwards. \"Her woman in black was also African-American, and only appeared to torment her.\" Earlier visits had happened, and voodoo objects had been found under Lena Mitchells' bed, and when removed, the mysterious figure departed. \"Relatives noted that, when it happened before, they found a strange hoodoo object beneath Mitchell’s bed. Once they got rid of it, her symptoms subsided and she returned to normal.\" Although the police searched the town, no one matching the description was ever found, and the","title":"Woman in Black (supernatural)"},{"psg_id":"5892987","text":"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\" (also titled \"Long Cool Woman\" or \"Long Cool Woman (in a Black Dress)\") is a song written by Allan Clarke, Roger Cook, and Roger Greenaway and performed by the British rock group The Hollies. Originally appearing on the album \"Distant Light\", it was released as a single on 17 April 1972 (on Parlophone in the United Kingdom), selling 1.5 million copies in the United States and two million worldwide. It reached No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in September 1972. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the","title":"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress"},{"psg_id":"5892990","text":"Clarke had already left the band, but he feels that \"it wasn't unfortunate\", since he had co-written the song. Clarke rejoined the Hollies in the summer of 1973, partly due to the success of this song. Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\" (also titled \"Long Cool Woman\" or \"Long Cool Woman (in a Black Dress)\") is a song written by Allan Clarke, Roger Cook, and Roger Greenaway and performed by the British rock group The Hollies. Originally appearing on the album \"Distant Light\", it was released as a single on 17 April","title":"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress"},{"psg_id":"16585328","text":"30 December 2014 over the Indie label Varèse Sarabande Records. The movie was originally set to be released on 30 January 2015, but instead it was moved to 1 January 2015. It was released in Canada and the United States on 2 January 2015, then released in France on 14 January 2015 and in Russia on 15 January 2015. \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\" was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on 14 April 2015. The Blu-ray features the documentary \"Pulling Back the Veil: The Woman in Black 2 - Angel of Death\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"11557404","text":"it in \"Gather Together\", especially her demonstration of the \"racist habit\" of renaming African Americans. Lauret sees Angelou's themes of the individual's strength and ability to overcome throughout Angelou's autobiographies as well. Cudjoe states that Angelou is still concerned with what it means to be Black and female in America, but she now describes \"a particular type of Black woman at a specific moment in history and subjected to certain social forces which assault the Black woman with unusual intensity\". When Angelou was concerned about what her readers would think when she disclosed that she had been a prostitute, her","title":"Gather Together in My Name"},{"psg_id":"1354293","text":"Film Festival. Radcliffe also performed at the Noël Coward Theatre in the stage play revival of Martin McDonagh's dark comedy \"The Cripple of Inishmaan\" as the lead, Billy Claven, for which he won the WhatsOnStage Award for Best Actor in a Play. In 2015, Radcliffe starred as Igor in a science fiction horror film \"Victor Frankenstein\" directed by Paul McGuigan and written by Max Landis, which was based on contemporary adaptations of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel \"Frankenstein.\" He also starred as Sam House, one of the founder of Rockstar Games, in the biographical drama film \"The Gamechangers\". In 2016, Radcliffe","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354298","text":"him the 12th richest young person in the UK. Radcliffe was considered to be the richest teenager in England later that year. In February 2010, he was named the sixth highest paid Hollywood male star and placed at number five on \"Forbes\"s December list of Hollywood's highest-grossing actors with a film revenue of US$780 million, mainly due to \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" being released that year. Radcliffe maintains a home in the West Village of Lower Manhattan in New York City. , Radcliffe has been dating American Erin Darke, whom he met on the set of \"Kill Your","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354289","text":"electrifying stage presence that marks a tremendous leap forward.\" He added: \"I never thought I would find the diminutive (but perfectly formed) Radcliffe a sinister figure, but as Alan Strang ... there are moments when he seems genuinely scary in his rage and confusion.\" The production then transferred to Broadway in September 2008, with Radcliffe still in the lead role. Radcliffe stated he was nervous about repeating the role on Broadway because he considered American audiences more discerning than those in London. Radcliffe's performance was nominated for a Drama Desk Award. After voicing a character in an episode of the","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354278","text":"the selection saying, \"I don't think Chris Columbus could have found a better Harry.\" Radcliffe's parents originally turned down the offer, as they had been told that it would involve six films shot in Los Angeles. Warner Bros. instead offered Radcliffe a two-movie contract with shooting in the UK; Radcliffe was unsure at the time if he would do any more than that. The release of \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" (released as \"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\" in the United States) took place in 2001. Radcliffe received a seven figure salary for the lead role, but asserted","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354303","text":"public figures advocating for equal rights. Radcliffe received The Trevor Project's Hero Award in 2011 for his contributions. Radcliffe has supported various charities. He designed the Cu-Bed for Habitat's VIP Kids range (a cube made of eight smaller ones which can be made into a bed, chaise-longue or chair) with all the royalties from the sale of the bed going directly to his favourite charity, Demelza House Children's Hospice in Sittingbourne, Kent. Radcliffe has urged his fans to make donations, in lieu of Christmas presents to him, to the charity's Candle for Care programme. In 2008 he was among several","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"16585324","text":"airfield, which is revealed to be a decoy. Harry, the only man stationed there, has been disgraced following a crash in which he was the only survivor, and is no longer allowed to fly. Eve realises that the Woman has followed them. Edward flees and apparently dies by walking into a fire basket. Eve, however, realises that Edward is still alive and at Eel Marsh House. Realising that the Woman in Black wants her alone, she drives to the island, where she finds Edward walking out into the marsh to drown himself where Nathaniel died. She crawls after him, but","title":"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death"},{"psg_id":"1354273","text":"Really Trying\". He has contributed to many charities, including the Demelza Hospice Care for Children, and The Trevor Project for suicide prevention among LGBTQ youth, which gave him its Hero Award in 2011, and is heavily involved in LGBTQ activism. Radcliffe was born in Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, England. He is the only child of Marcia Jeannine Gresham (née Jacobson) and Alan George Radcliffe. His mother is Jewish and was born in South Africa and raised in Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex. His father was raised in Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland, in a \"very working-class\" Protestant family. Radcliffe's maternal ancestors","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354286","text":"on life by doing Potter.\" Radcliffe made his film debut in \"The Tailor of Panama\", an American 2001 film based on John le Carré's 1996 spy novel, and a moderate commercial success. In 2002, he made his stage debut as a celebrity guest in a West End theatre production of \"The Play What I Wrote\", directed by Kenneth Branaghwho also appeared with him in the second \"Harry Potter\" film. In 2007, he appeared in the film \"December Boys\", an Australian family drama about four orphans that was shot in 2005 and released to theatres in mid-September 2007. Also in 2007,","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354285","text":"character, but also said he is \"proud to be associated with this film series forever.\" Despite positive feelings about the movies, he has no interest in doing more \"Harry Potter\" films. After Rowling hinted about writing an eighth book, Radcliffe was asked if he would do another film to which he replied: \"[It is] very doubtful. I think 10 years is a long time to spend with one character.\" Despite devoting so much time to the series, Radcliffe has asserted that he did not miss out on a childhood like other child actors: \"I’ve been given a much better perspective","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"13327798","text":"UK Singles Chart in April 1974 and reached No. 13 staying for nine weeks on the chart, their last single to reach the British Top 20. Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black \"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black\" is a popular song and hit single by the British group Mungo Jerry, first released in 1974. It also became the title track of a compilation album by the group, released later in 1974. It was written by the band's lead singer Ray Dorset and produced by Barry Murray and Dorset. In addition to Dorset (guitar, vocals), the line-up of the group","title":"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black"},{"psg_id":"13327797","text":"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black \"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black\" is a popular song and hit single by the British group Mungo Jerry, first released in 1974. It also became the title track of a compilation album by the group, released later in 1974. It was written by the band's lead singer Ray Dorset and produced by Barry Murray and Dorset. In addition to Dorset (guitar, vocals), the line-up of the group at this time which played on the record comprised Dick Middleton (guitar), Bob Daisley (bass), Ian Milne (keyboards), and Dave Bidwell (drums). The song entered the","title":"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black"},{"psg_id":"1354299","text":"Darlings,\" since 2013. There were rumours and stories of a possible engagement in mid-2014, but Darke's father, Ian Darke, denied there were any such plans in December 2014. In a 2012 interview, Radcliffe stated: \"There was never [religious] faith in the house. I think of myself as being Jewish and Irish, despite the fact that I'm English.\" He has stated: \"We were Christmas tree Jews\", and that he is \"very proud of being Jewish\". In 2012, Radcliffe was quoted as saying: \"I'm an atheist, and a militant atheist when religion starts impacting on legislation\", though in a 2009 interview, he","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"1354287","text":"Radcliffe co-starred with Carey Mulligan in \"My Boy Jack\", a television drama film shown on ITV on Remembrance Day. The film received mostly positive reviews, with several critics praising Radcliffe's performance as an 18-year-old who goes missing in action during a battle. Radcliffe stated, \"For many people my age, the First World War is just a topic in a history book. But I've always been fascinated by the subject and think it's as relevant today as it ever was.\" At age 17, in a bid to show people he was prepared for adult roles, he performed onstage in Peter Shaffer's","title":"Daniel Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"19623863","text":"photographed by a man while leaving. The photographer brings the photos to Akira Kimura (Brian Tee), who then kills him. His body is then found by a woman in black (Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio). Adalind (Claire Coffee) prepares a potion in her cat and then goes to Juliette's (Bitsie Tulloch) clinic, where the cat scratches Juliette. Nick and Hank discover the photographer took pictures of Nick, Hank, Monroe and Renard (Sasha Roiz). Renard is attacked in his house by Kimura, who is looking for the coins. He escapes when Wu (Reggie Lee) shows up. Nick and Hank save Renard while Juliette","title":"Woman in Black (Grimm)"},{"psg_id":"14793008","text":"Gifford that night, is Jennet's next victim. In an effort to lift the curse, Arthur and Sam find Nathaniel's body in the marsh, and place it in his nursery, where Arthur lures Jennet to him. Arthur and Sam bury Nathaniel with Jennet, though her voice echoes through the house that she will never forgive the wrongs she suffered. Assuming Jennet pacified, Arthur and his son Joseph meet at the railway station. While bidding farewell to Sam, Arthur sees the Woman in Black lure Joseph onto the tracks towards an oncoming train. Though he attempts to save him, both Arthur and","title":"The Woman in Black (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"19623865","text":"and is attacked by Kimura, who is looking for the coins. He is saved by the woman in black, who kills Kimura. Nick holds her at gunpoint. She calls him \"Nicky\" and a shocked Nick replies, \"Mom?\" The episode was viewed by 5.10 million people, earning a 1.6/5 in the 18-49 rating demographics on the Nielson ratings scale, ranking first on its timeslot and tying first for the night in the 18-49 demographics with \"Shark Tank\". This was a 14% increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 4.45 from an 1.2/4 in the 18-49 demographics. This","title":"Woman in Black (Grimm)"},{"psg_id":"14372637","text":"Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century Maria de los Reyes Castillo Bueno (1902–1997), also known as Reyita, is the subject of the testimonial biography \"Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century\". This orally communicated narrative was rendered into a testimonial biography by Reyita's daughter, Daisy Rubiera Castillo, and published in 1997. Reyita's biography adds a previously unknown and thus, underrepresented perspective to a time of political, as well as social, upheaval and change in Cuban history. Reyita, in \"The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century\",","title":"Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century"},{"psg_id":"1749308","text":"comfortably for the final of the 5,000 metres, where she finished fifth. At the 1996 Securicor Games Radcliffe ran the 5,000 metres finishing second. The Olympic Games saw Radcliffe finished fifth in the 5,000 metres. Radcliffe rounded off 1996 by finishing third in a cross country race in Durham. 1997 saw Radcliffe split Wami and Tulu, and win the silver medal at the 1997 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Radcliffe became the first woman to defend the Fifth Avenue Mile title. In the 1997 World Championships, Radcliffe finished in 4th place over the 5,000 metres. Wami again outsprinted Radcliffe in","title":"Paula Radcliffe"},{"psg_id":"14081568","text":"Tollie Records (Arthur Korb) / \"Jealous Kind of Woman\" (Carl Spencer) Single#9024, Produced by Wally Gold for Past, Present And Future Productions, Arranged & conducted by Bob Halley. Vocals: Carl Spencer & Jimmy Radcliffe 1964 Musicor Records \"Cry, Cry, Cry\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) / \"A Girl Wants To Believe\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) Single #MU1037, Produced by Brooks/Radcliffe, arranged & conducted by Garry Sherman. Lead Vocals: Joey Brooks, Backing Vocals: Jimmy Radcliffe. 1964 Fontana Records (UK) \"One By One\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) / \"Monkey Jazz\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) Single#TF-640, Produced and arranged by Jimmy Radcliffe & Joey","title":"Jimmy Radcliffe"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4872924\",\n \"text\": \"The Woman in Black The Woman in Black is a 1983 horror novel by Susan Hill, written in the style of a traditional Gothic novel. The plot concerns a mysterious spectre that haunts a small English town, heralding the death of children. A television film based on the story, also called \\\"The Woman in Black\\\", was produced in 1989, with a screenplay by Nigel Kneale. In 2012, a theatrical film adaptation of the same name was released, starring Daniel Radcliffe. The book has also been adapted into a stage play by Stephen Mallatratt. It is the second longest-running play in\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793000\",\n \"text\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film) The Woman in Black is a 2012 supernatural horror film directed by James Watkins and written by Jane Goldman. It is the second adaptation of Susan Hill's 1983 novel of the same name, which was previously filmed in 1989. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe in the lead role, alongside Ciarán Hinds, Janet McTeer, Sophie Stuckey, and Liz White. The plot is set in early 20th-century England and follows a young, recently widowed lawyer who travels to a remote village where he discovers the vengeful ghost of a scorned woman is terrorizing the locals. The\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793016\",\n \"text\": \"shelter at Eel Marsh House, Eve soon comes to realize that they are not alone. The longer they remain there, the more the house's evil spirit threatens the children. With the help of a pilot (Jeremy Irvine), Eve tries to protect the children and uncover the truth of the Woman in Black.\\\" The original novel's author Susan Hill helped with the story, with the screenplay written by Jon Croker. In October 2012, Tom Harper was announced as the film's director. In April 2013, it was announced that Jeremy Irvine will play the lead role with rumors of Daniel Radcliffe briefly\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793017\",\n \"text\": \"reprising his role from the first film, however Radcliffe ultimately did not appear in the sequel. It has also been announced that Phoebe Fox and Helen McCrory have been cast in the film as well. The film began the shooting process in early 2014. The film was released on 2 January 2015 to moderate box office returns but a generally negative critical response. The Woman in Black (2012 film) The Woman in Black is a 2012 supernatural horror film directed by James Watkins and written by Jane Goldman. It is the second adaptation of Susan Hill's 1983 novel of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18748660\",\n \"text\": \"program in rural Kenya for three months during 2006 and upon returning home to New Zealand Radcliffe founded International Volunteer HQ (IVHQ). In 2018 IVHQ was taken over by the Sydney based firm Mercury Capital. \\\"A firm, that invests only in private businesses, ”with enterprise values of between $50 million to $200 million\\\".” Daniel Radcliffe is still the Deputy Director. Radcliffe has expanded also into farming and multiple other businesses, including: Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur) Daniel Jon Radcliffe is the founder and current Deputy Director of the volunteer travel and internship company International Volunteer HQ Limited (IVHQ), with internships provided under\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354291\",\n \"text\": \"Circle Award nominations. The production itself later received nine Tony Award nominations. Radcliffe left the show on 1 January 2012. His first post-\\\"Harry Potter\\\" project was the 2012 horror film \\\"The Woman in Black\\\", adapted from the 1983 novel by Susan Hill. The film was released on 3 February 2012 in the United States and Canada, and was released on 10 February in the UK. Radcliffe portrays a man sent to deal with the legal matters of a mysterious woman who has just died, and soon after he begins to experience strange events and hauntings from the ghost of a\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354270\",\n \"text\": \"Daniel Radcliffe Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor and producer best known for his role as the titular protagonist in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" film series, based on the novels by J. K. Rowling. Born and raised in London, Radcliffe made his acting debut at 10 years of age in BBC One's 1999 television film \\\"David Copperfield\\\", followed by his cinematic debut in 2001's \\\"The Tailor of Panama\\\". At age 11, he was cast as Potter in the series' first film \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\", and starred in the series for 10 years, starring\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14219946\",\n \"text\": \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \\\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\\\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \\\"The Heart of It All\\\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \\\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\\\" debuted on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14219947\",\n \"text\": \"Hot Country Singles for the week of March 12, 1988. What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \\\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\\\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \\\"The Heart of It All\\\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \\\"What She Is\",\n \"title\": \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18748658\",\n \"text\": \"Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur) Daniel Jon Radcliffe is the founder and current Deputy Director of the volunteer travel and internship company International Volunteer HQ Limited (IVHQ), with internships provided under the brand Intern Abroad HQ. In 2014, Radcliffe was named Young Entrepreneur of the Year and Entrepreneur of the Year at the New Zealand edition of the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Awards, in recognition for the success of International Volunteer HQ. He represented New Zealand at the EY World Entrepreneur of the Year Awards in June 2015 where he was also inducted into the World Entrepreneur Hall of\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe (entrepreneur)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14357262\",\n \"text\": \"The Woman in Black (play) The Woman in Black is a 1987 stage play, adapted by Stephen Mallatratt. The play is based on the book of the same name, which was published in 1983 by English author Susan Hill. The play is currently being produced by PW Productions, led by Peter Wilson. It is notable for only having two actors perform the whole play. It was first performed at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough, in 1987. The production opened in London's West End in 1989 and is still being performed there, becoming the second longest-running non-musical play in West\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354304\",\n \"text\": \"celebrities who donated their old glasses to an exhibit honouring victims of the Holocaust. During the Broadway run of \\\"Equus\\\" he auctioned off a pair of jeans and other items worn in the show, for New-York-based Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS and was a presenter at the 2011 Gypsy of the Year competition. He has also donated money to Get Connected UK, a London-based free confidential national helpline for troubled youth. Daniel Radcliffe Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor and producer best known for his role as the titular protagonist in the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" film series,\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20261876\",\n \"text\": \"The Black Woman is God The Black Woman Is God is a recurring group exhibition of Black women artists curated by Karen Seneferu and Melorra Green, which started in 2013 and in 2016 and 2017 has been located at the San Francisco city-owned nonprofit art space SOMArts. The exhibitions challenge a popular western mindset of God as a white male and instead explores new images showing \\\"The Black Woman is God\\\". The first iteration of The Black Woman is God was intended as a solo exhibition for Seneferu, curated by Green, at the African American Art & Culture Complex. Seneferu\",\n \"title\": \"The Black Woman is God\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369124\",\n \"text\": \"Best Make Up and Best Original Television Music. The Woman in Black (1989 film) The Woman in Black is a 1989 British television horror film directed by Herbert Wise, and starring Adrian Rawlins, Bernard Hepton, David Daker and Pauline Moran. The teleplay is adapted from the 1983 novel of the same name by Susan Hill. It focuses on a young solicitor who is sent to a coastal English village to settle the estate of a reclusive widow, and finds the town haunted. The programme was produced by Central Independent Television for the ITV Network, and premiered on Christmas Eve 1989\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369111\",\n \"text\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film) The Woman in Black is a 1989 British television horror film directed by Herbert Wise, and starring Adrian Rawlins, Bernard Hepton, David Daker and Pauline Moran. The teleplay is adapted from the 1983 novel of the same name by Susan Hill. It focuses on a young solicitor who is sent to a coastal English village to settle the estate of a reclusive widow, and finds the town haunted. The programme was produced by Central Independent Television for the ITV Network, and premiered on Christmas Eve 1989 and was an unexpected success, though author Susan\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369112\",\n \"text\": \"Hill reportedly disagreed with some of the slight changes Kneale made in the adaptation. Another film version was released in 2012, starring Daniel Radcliffe in the lead role. Arthur Kidd, a young solicitor, is sent to a small market town on the East Coast of England to attend the funeral of Mrs. Alice Drablow, an elderly reclusive widow. On the train, Kidd meets Sam Toovey, a local land owner who is unsettled upon hearing that Kidd is dealing with the Drablow estate. Arriving at Crythin Gifford, Kidd lodges at a local inn where he finds the townspeople reluctant to talk\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4872932\",\n \"text\": \"Actor. Mallatratt's version sees Arthur rehearsing with an actor in an attempt to perform the story to family and friends, which allows him to relive the haunting of Eel Marsh House as a play within a play. A sequel of the book named \\\"\\\" was first published in the United Kingdom on 24 October 2013 and was published in the United States on 12 February 2014, written by Martyn Waites. It is a movie novelization of the 2015 film \\\"\\\". The Woman in Black The Woman in Black is a 1983 horror novel by Susan Hill, written in the style\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20261879\",\n \"text\": \"22 in conjunction with the exhibition \\\"to raise the online visibility of Black women artists and challenge the gaps in art history that erase or minimize Black women’s contributions as artists, activists and social change-makers.\\\" They plan for 2018 to have more events in Oakland where many artists live and would like future exhibitions to travel around the country and the world. The Black Woman is God The Black Woman Is God is a recurring group exhibition of Black women artists curated by Karen Seneferu and Melorra Green, which started in 2013 and in 2016 and 2017 has been located\",\n \"title\": \"The Black Woman is God\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14357275\",\n \"text\": \"added at the end of the play; the Actor asks Kipps about the actress playing the Woman in Black. Mirroring the earlier scene with Mr Jerome, Kipps, terrified, denies that anyone else had been in the theatre, implying that the real Woman in Black had been present. The play ends with the rhythmic knocking of the rocking chair as the lights fade to black. An image of the face of the Woman in Black lingers behind the gauze for a few seconds. The play premiered in 1987 at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough as a \\\"Christmas ghost story\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016408\",\n \"text\": \"Woman in Black (supernatural) The \\\"Woman in Black\\\" is a supernatural figure that was occasionally seen in western Virginia and Tennessee through the 1900-1930s, and at other times. Periodically described as an Appalachian folk tale, other times as a moral figure, and sometimes a voodoo spirit of malevolence, the Woman in Black was reported in different cities and regions throughout the south and west. At the same time, one appearance was reported by reputable people in Alma, Nebraska. There is an account of a Woman in Black that was seen in Kingsport, Tennessee in November 1927. She appeared to Lena\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (supernatural)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793009\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph are killed by the oncoming train while a horrified Sam sees the spirits of the village children, and the Woman in Black. After the train passes, Joseph spots a woman in white on the tracks, and Arthur identifies her as his late wife Stella, the family now happily reunited, as the Woman in Black looks ominously on. Liz White's character is never referred to as \\\"The Woman in Black\\\" inside the film or during the credits, where she is listed as \\\"Jennet\\\". The film was announced in 2009, with Jane Goldman as screenwriter and later James Watkins as director.\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19623864\",\n \"text\": \"confronts Nick about Adalind. Nick decides to take Juliette to his aunt's trailer in an attempt to show her the Grimm world but she is still skeptical. He decides to take her with Monroe to show his Blutbad change. Suddenly, Juliette faints. Nick takes her to the hospital where she lies into a coma. Monroe takes Adalind's cat to Rosalee's (Bree Turner) shop so they can discover what happened to the cat. Hank arrives home to discover it wrecked as the Woman in black leaves. Juliette wakes up with her eyes black as identical as Adalind's cat. Nick returns home\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (Grimm)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4872927\",\n \"text\": \"a group of children are silently watching. While sorting through Mrs Drablow's papers at Eel Marsh House over the course of several days, he endures an increasingly terrifying sequence of unexplained noises, chilling events and appearances by the Woman in Black. In one of these instances, he hears the sound of a horse and carriage in distress, closely followed by the screams of a young child and his maid, coming from the direction of the marshes. Most of the people in Crythin Gifford are reluctant to reveal information about Mrs Drablow and the mysterious woman in black. Any attempts by\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4872929\",\n \"text\": \"House with him as long as she never revealed her true identity to him. She secretly planned to abscond from the house with her son. One day, a horse and carriage carrying the boy across the causeway became lost and sank into the marshes, killing all aboard, while Jennet looked on helplessly from the window. After Jennet died, she returned to haunt Eel Marsh House and the town of Crythin Gifford, as the malevolent Woman in Black. According to local tales, a sighting of the Woman in Black presaged the death of a child. After some time (but still years\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793007\",\n \"text\": \"among them. Arthur finds the nursery no longer locked. Inside, he sees the Woman in Black hanging herself. In town, Jerome's house catches fire with his daughter still inside. When Arthur attempts to save her, he sees the Woman in Black goading the girl into immolating herself. The townspeople blame Arthur for this death as well. At her son's grave, Elisabeth tells Arthur that the Woman in Black is Jennet, who claims the village children by having them take their lives in penance for her own son being taken. Arthur realizes that his son Joseph, who is coming to Crythin\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14357274\",\n \"text\": \"after seeing her. Kipps returns to London and marries his fiancée, Stella. At a country fair, Stella and their infant son Joseph go for a ride on a pony and trap. Arthur sees the Woman in Black. Joseph is thrown out of the trap,and hits a tree,killing him instantly. Stella then dies 10 months later due to injuries.(This scene is depicted through recorded sound and narration.) Having come to the end of their rehearsal, Kipps and the Actor sit down to rest. Kipps wonders if performing the play for his family will exorcise the Woman in Black. A twist is\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016410\",\n \"text\": \"Woman in Black remains a mystery. A woman in black was encountered by several people in Roanoke, Virginia in 1902. \\\"She was beautiful, stately and terrifying.\\\" Here the woman in black would appear suddenly and unexpectedly to men who had stayed to long at the club and insist they go home as quickly as possible. Sometimes the woman in black would knock the man down to the ground or \\\"slap him to the earth with a swish of her phantom garments\\\". The woman was always described as beautiful, about 5'10\\\" in height, with large eyes and heavy lashes. She wore\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (supernatural)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585319\",\n \"text\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death The Woman in Black: Angel of Death (released as The Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death in some countries) is a 2014 American-British-Canadian supernatural horror film directed by Tom Harper and written by Jon Croker from a story by Susan Hill. It is the sequel to the 2012 film \\\"The Woman in Black\\\", and is produced by Hammer Film Productions and Entertainment One. Thirty years after the events of the first film, during the London Blitz, Eve Parkins joins some of her schoolchildren and the school's headmistress, Jean Hogg, to evacuate them\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354277\",\n \"text\": \"off as to where they were.\\\" In 2000, producer David Heyman asked Radcliffe to audition for the role of Harry Potter for the film adaptation of \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\", the best-selling book by British author J. K. Rowling. Rowling had been searching for an unknown British actor to personify the character, and the movie's director Chris Columbus recalled thinking, \\\"This is what I want. This is Harry Potter\\\", after he saw a video of the young actor in \\\"David Copperfield\\\". Eight months later, and after several auditions, Radcliffe was selected to play the part. Rowling also endorsed\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354296\",\n \"text\": \"skill disorder sometimes prevents him from doing simple activities, such as writing or tying his own shoelaces. \\\"I was having a hard time at school, in terms of being crap at everything, with no discernible talent,\\\" Radcliffe commented. In August 2010, he stopped drinking alcohol after finding himself becoming too reliant on it. In November 2007, Radcliffe published several poems under the pen name Jacob Gershona combination of his middle name and the Jewish version of his mother's maiden name Greshamin \\\"Rubbish\\\", an underground fashion magazine. He has a close friendship with his \\\"Harry Potter\\\" co-stars Tom Felton and Emma\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585329\",\n \"text\": \"a rating of 22%, based on 72 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/10. The consensus reads, \\\"\\\"The Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death\\\" is atmospheric and visually sharp, but it's short on tension and scares.\\\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 42 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a grade of \\\"C\\\" on an A+ to F scale. The Woman in Black: Angel of Death The Woman in Black: Angel of Death (released as The Woman in Black 2: Angel of\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369119\",\n \"text\": \"Kidd awakens in the town inn to the sound of the child's laughter and finds the soldier yet again in his hand. After asking out loud what the child wants of him, the child replies that the soldier \\\"is for you\\\". The Woman in Black appears, hovering over his bed, and shrieks into his face, terrifying him into unconsciousness. Kidd returns to London and his family. His boss instructs him to look through the box of Mrs. Drablow's papers that was sent from Crythin Gifford. At that moment, his two assistants come in and say that there was a customer\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585327\",\n \"text\": \"In October 2012, Tom Harper was announced as the film's director. In April 2013, it was announced that Jeremy Irvine will play the lead role. Rumours circulated that Daniel Radcliffe would briefly reprise his role from the first film but this never came to pass. Principal photography for the film began in early 2014. On 18 October 2013, a novelisation of the film's screenplay was released by Hammer Books (Random House Publishing) in England. The novelisation was written by crime fiction author Martyn Waites, and critical reception for the book has been generally negative. The soundtrack album was released on\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14357266\",\n \"text\": \"man enlisted to help him, Mr Horatio Jerome. They go to Mrs Drablow's funeral together, where Arthur first sees the Woman in Black. At first feeling sorry for the young woman, who was apparently suffering from some dreadful wasting disease, he asks Mr Jerome who she is. Mr Jerome is visibly terrified and hurries Arthur away from the church, insisting that there was no woman. After their return to the inn, Mr Jerome recovers somewhat, and says that a local man will arrive presently to escort Arthur to Mrs Drablow's house. The local man, a villager named Keckwick, arrives a\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016411\",\n \"text\": \"a black dress that almost touched the ground, and a raglan coat that covered a slender frame. On her head she wore a turban, but worn so it would obscure the lower part of her face. Although unknown to them, she would appear next to married men and address them by name. Some other towns in the region were also visited by the woman in black, including Bristol, Virginia, Tazewell, Virginia, Lynchburg, Virginia and Richmond, Virginia. One account claims she appeared suddenly to four men of the Disciples of Christ church in Tazewell, Virginia, and scared them so badly they\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (supernatural)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354295\",\n \"text\": \"name by Yossi Ghinsberg and directed by Greg Mclean, in the thriller \\\"Jungle\\\". In 2018, Radcliffe portrayed a pilot smuggling drugs across borders in the independent action-thriller \\\"Beast of Burden\\\" directed by Jesper Ganslandt. He is set to star as American reporter Jake Adelstein in \\\"Tokyo Vice\\\". In November 2015, he joined the ensemble cast of Shane Carruth's third film, \\\"The Modern Ocean\\\" alongside Anne Hathaway, Keanu Reeves, Tom Holland, Chloë Grace Moretz, Asa Butterfield, Jeff Goldblum and Abraham Attah. In 2008, Radcliffe revealed that he has a mild form of the neurological disorder developmental coordination disorder (dyspraxia). The motor\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20162975\",\n \"text\": \"a strong black woman and I cannot be intimidated\\\" in reference to disparaging comments about her appearance used by Bill' O'Reilly. Her interview with MSNBC indicates this term as a polysemy within the black community. Strong black woman The conceptual ideology of a strong black woman identifies women of color as victims of intersectionality within a patriarchal society in which they are pushed to fit the standard mold of a traditional strong black woman versus what it means to be a woman to themselves. Used interchangeably, the” Black Superwomen Syndrome” is the pressure & expectation of a woman of color\",\n \"title\": \"Strong black woman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793015\",\n \"text\": \"became the highest-grossing British horror film in 20 years. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on 18 June 2012 in the United Kingdom, and was released in the United States on 22 May 2012. In April 2012, Hammer Films announced that there would be a sequel to \\\"The Woman in Black\\\", which is titled \\\"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\\\". The official plot synopsis is: \\\"During World War II, the London bombings force schoolteachers Eve Parkins (Phoebe Fox) and Jean Hogg (Helen McCrory) to evacuate a group of children to Crythin Gifford. When the refugees take\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4872926\",\n \"text\": \"funeral of Mrs. Alice Drablow. Kipps is reluctant to leave his fiancée, Stella, but he is eager to leave the London smog. The late Drablow was an elderly and reclusive widow who lived alone in the desolate and secluded Eel Marsh House. The house is situated on Nine Lives Causeway. At high tide, it is completely cut off from the mainland, surrounded only by marshes and sea frets. Kipps soon realizes there is more to Alice Drablow than he originally thought. At the funeral, he sees a woman dressed in black and with a pale face and dark eyes, whom\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15807443\",\n \"text\": \"What a Woman! What a Woman! also known as The Beautiful Cheat is a 1943 black-and-white romantic comedy movie starring Rosalind Russell and Brian Aherne. Aherne appeared with Rosalind Russell in four films: \\\"Hired Wife\\\" (1940), \\\"My Sister Eileen\\\" (1942), \\\"What a Woman!\\\" (1943) and \\\"Rosie!\\\" (1967). The movie revolves around a literary agent Carol Ainsley's trying to transform her star client, Michael Cobb, into the actor playing his most famous character. After it becomes obvious that it's impossible and he quits, Henry Pepper, a journalist writing a profile on the agent, calls him and convinces him that he's in\",\n \"title\": \"What a Woman!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369118\",\n \"text\": \"Toovey arrives at Eel Marsh House, brought by Spider, and listens to Kidd's theories regarding the Woman in Black. He then tells Kidd that according to local tales, seeing the Woman in Black presages the death of a child. Kidd decides to pack his things and leave the house. However, amongst the papers, he finds the lead soldier. He points this out to Mr. Toovey, and they go up to the nursery. However, when they reach it, the room is a mess, with all the toys smashed and the furniture in shambles. This is too much for Kidd, who collapses.\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19074883\",\n \"text\": \"versions of \\\"Woman with Black Glove\\\", illustrating a facet of Gleizes' pursuits during the early 1920s: \\\"reminiscences of specific reality evoked within the context of increasingly careful picture construction\\\", writes art historian Daniel Robbins. \\\"Woman with Black Glove\\\" was exhibited at the Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, 15 October – 12 December 1920. The work was reproduced in Floréal: \\\"l'hebdomadaire illustré du monde du travail\\\", no. 45, 11 December 1920 (titled \\\"Peinture avec femme assise\\\"). Formerly in the private collection of Juliette Roche-Gleizes (wife of the artist), \\\"Woman with Black Glove\\\" is located at the National Gallery of Australia. \\\"Woman\",\n \"title\": \"Woman with Black Glove\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20162962\",\n \"text\": \"Strong black woman The conceptual ideology of a strong black woman identifies women of color as victims of intersectionality within a patriarchal society in which they are pushed to fit the standard mold of a traditional strong black woman versus what it means to be a woman to themselves. Used interchangeably, the” Black Superwomen Syndrome” is the pressure & expectation of a woman of color to manage multiple roles of the mother, worker, homemaker, student and any other roles that usually inclusive to one person or sex. Keep in mind, this is different then a career woman because rather than\",\n \"title\": \"Strong black woman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14357273\",\n \"text\": \"drowned. Jennet, driven mad by grief, contracted a terrible wasting disease and died several years later. Immediately after her death, she returned as the Woman in Black. Arthur suddenly becomes subject to a series of terrifying events in Eel Marsh House, and eventually collapses on the marsh when trying to rescue Spider. He is found and taken back to Crythin by Sam Daily, who assures him that Spider is all right. He tells Arthur the story of the Woman, and explains that many of the local people he has met (Jerome, Keckwick and Daily himself) have all lost a child\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20261878\",\n \"text\": \"asserts Black women’s power and beauty and does not seek to devalue any other group in the process... It applies pressure to the beliefs and values undergirding the laws and policies that exclude Black women’s lives from economic policymaking and their labor from economic value and protection.\\\" The third iteration of The Black Woman is God, also curated by Karen Seneferu and Melorra Green, returned to SOMArts on July 20, 2017, running through August 26, 2017. The exhibition has the work of 80 artists on view. SOMArts, the California Digital Library and Art Practical held a Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon on July\",\n \"title\": \"The Black Woman is God\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20261877\",\n \"text\": \"agreed to participate in the exhibition only if other black female artists were included. The exhibition included 20 visual and performance artists. The opening reception also included a performing arts show as part of the exhibition and was called \\\"vibrant and magnificent\\\". The second, expanded iteration of The Black Woman is God, with 60 artists, opened on July 7, 2016 and ran through August 16, 2016. Art critics called it as \\\"timely\\\", \\\"organic\\\", and \\\"vivid\\\". Sheila Bapat of Bitch Magazine said \\\"The exhibit intentionally turns the historic devaluation of Black women and their contributions—social, political, economical—on its head. This exhibit\",\n \"title\": \"The Black Woman is God\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15807448\",\n \"text\": \"confront him. After Henry insults Carol and accuses her of being only a \\\"ten percent woman,\\\" she slaps him, runs into the hallway and announces that she is calling off the wedding because she is not in love with Michael and refuses to be married just for the sake of business. Henry listens to her speech in admiration, and when she finishes, she rushes into his arms. What a Woman! What a Woman! also known as The Beautiful Cheat is a 1943 black-and-white romantic comedy movie starring Rosalind Russell and Brian Aherne. Aherne appeared with Rosalind Russell in four films:\",\n \"title\": \"What a Woman!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793014\",\n \"text\": \"not provide enough of them for viewers attuned to modern, high-stakes horror.\\\" On Metacritic the film has a score of 62 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". During opening weekend, \\\"The Woman in Black\\\" earned $20 million, the biggest US opening for a Hammer film in all of Hammer history, putting it at second place in the box office, behind \\\"Chronicle\\\", which earned about $1 million more. This is significantly more than the $11–$16.5 million industry analysts predicted it would bring in. , \\\"The Woman in Black\\\" has made $127.7 million worldwide. The film also\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19623870\",\n \"text\": \"that didn't really count, a reveal that was good (but not great), and a one-note villain that only left the most ancillary of bodies in his wake.\\\" Woman in Black (Grimm) \\\"Woman in Black\\\" is the 22nd episode and the first-season finale of the supernatural drama television series \\\"Grimm\\\", which premiered on May 18, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf, and was directed by Norberto Barba. Opening quote: \\\"It shall not be death, but a sleep of a hundred years, into which the princess shall fall.\\\" Hank (Russell Hornsby) is having\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (Grimm)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585322\",\n \"text\": \"Woman in Black; Eve finds his body on the beach, mangled by barbed wire. Eve later sees the Woman in the graveyard, where she finds the grave of Nathaniel Drablow. She chases the ghost to the beach and is overcome by visions of Nathaniel's death. At the house, she and Harry establish the story of the ghost through an old recording made by Alice Drablow before her death at the hands of the Woman in Black: it is her sister, Jennet Humfrye, the mother of the child she adopted, Nathaniel. Jennet is haunting them because of Nathaniel's premature death, and\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19623862\",\n \"text\": \"Woman in Black (Grimm) \\\"Woman in Black\\\" is the 22nd episode and the first-season finale of the supernatural drama television series \\\"Grimm\\\", which premiered on May 18, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf, and was directed by Norberto Barba. Opening quote: \\\"It shall not be death, but a sleep of a hundred years, into which the princess shall fall.\\\" Hank (Russell Hornsby) is having nightmares after his encounter with the Wesen. Nick (David Giuntoli) and Monroe (Silas Weir Mitchell) are discussing whether to tell Hank about the Wesen. They are being\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (Grimm)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1820963\",\n \"text\": \"still refer to Radcliffe in their names, (for example the Radcliffe Union of Students, Harvard's feminist organization; the Radcliffe Choral Society, Harvard's female choir (now one of the Holden Choirs), which has alumnae from both Radcliffe and Harvard and maintains a repertoire of Radcliffiana; the Harvard Radcliffe Orchestra; the Harvard-Radcliffe Gilbert and Sullivan Players; the Radcliffe Pitches, a female a cappella singing group; and the Harvard-Radcliffe Dramatic Club). Two athletic teams still compete under the Radcliffe name: varsity crew, which still rows with Radcliffe's black-and-white oarblades and uniforms instead of Harvard's crimson-and-white (in 1973 the team had been the only\",\n \"title\": \"Radcliffe College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354284\",\n \"text\": \"and the Deathly HallowsPart 2\\\", was released in July 2011. Radcliffe, along with the film, was critically acclaimed: Ann Hornaday of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" asked, \\\"Who could have predicted that Radcliffe, Grint and Watson would turn out to be good actors?\\\"; similarly, Rex Reed said: \\\"Frankly, I’m sorry to see [Radcliffe] go\\\"; while \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" critic Peter Travers commented on Radcliffe: \\\"Well played, sir.\\\" Roger Ebert gave the film a highly positive review, but felt that Radcliffe, Grint and Watson were \\\"upstaged by the supporting [actors].\\\" Radcliffe admitted that some people would never be able to separate him from the\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354300\",\n \"text\": \"stated, \\\"I'm very relaxed about [being an atheist]. I don't preach my atheism, but I have a huge amount of respect for people like Richard Dawkins who do. Anything he does on television, I will watch\\\". Radcliffe is a supporter of the Labour Party. Until 2012, Radcliffe had publicly supported the Liberal Democrats, and before the 2010 general election Radcliffe endorsed Nick Clegg, the Lib Dem leader. In 2012, however, Radcliffe switched his allegiance to the Labour Party, citing disappointment with the performance of Nick Clegg and the Liberal Democrats in government, and approving of the Labour leader, Ed Miliband.\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369114\",\n \"text\": \"who knows the timing of the tides. Keckwick agrees to pick up Kidd when it is safe to cross the causeway again. Kidd walks around the graveyard near the house when he sees the woman once again. Terrified, he flees into the house. While looking around the study, he finds two death certificates as well as pictures of a young woman who resembles the Woman in Black. After hearing some disturbing recordings made by Mrs. Drablow on wax cylinders, he decides not to wait for Keckwick and walk back to town. When he arrives in town, Kidd pays a visit\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585321\",\n \"text\": \"she hears the noise of a rocking chair coming from the cellar. There she finds a message, scolding her for letting her child go, and sees a woman dressed in black. The next morning, one of the children, Edward, who has been mute since the death of his parents in the bombing, is bullied by two other children and sees the Woman in Black in the nursery. Eve feels that something is wrong when Edward starts constantly carrying around a rotting doll. That night, one of the boys who was bullying him is drawn out of the house by the\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369120\",\n \"text\": \"for him, a woman dressed completely in black. Delirious with terror, Kidd searches madly through the box for the toy soldier. When he does not find it, he burns all the papers and the box, and half his office as well. His boss fires him and the Kidd family decide to leave London. With the events apparently passed, Arthur and his family are boating on a peaceful lake when Arthur sees the Woman in Black standing on the lake, watching him. Petrified, he does nothing. A tree falls on their boat, drowning and killing them all. The programme was filmed\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793013\",\n \"text\": \"2014, including a short clip from the forthcoming sequel \\\"\\\", was given a higher rating of 15. The soundtrack for the film was composed by American film composer Marco Beltrami. It received positive reviews and was released as a soundtrack album on 12 March 2012 by Silva Screen Records. \\\"The Woman in Black\\\" was met with generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 66%, based on 182 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus states, \\\"Traditional to a fault, \\\"The Woman in Black\\\" forwent gore for chills—although it may\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1820960\",\n \"text\": \"president Matina Horner once told the New York Times of her surprise when she first delivered a lecture at Harvard in 1969 and four male students approached her. One told her that they \\\"just wanted to see what it felt like to be lectured by a woman and if a woman could be articulate.\\\" Picking up on the perceived common Harvard blind-eye to women's intellectual competence and reflecting on the fact that while at Radcliffe they had had very few female faculty members, in the late 1990s a group of Radcliffe alumnae established the Committee for The Equality of Women\",\n \"title\": \"Radcliffe College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15848626\",\n \"text\": \"Young Woman in a Black Dress The Young Woman in a Black Dress is an oil painting by Titian, dating to around 1520 and now held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was later misattributed to Palma il Vecchio, then to Giovanni Cariani, until Roberto Longhi reattributed it as by Titian, which is now the critical consensus. It depicts a woman half-length, facing the viewer, with her torso slightly twisted to give a sense of movement. One hand holds her black dress over her white shift, with a generous cleavage. The woman's physical type recurs in several other works\",\n \"title\": \"Young Woman in a Black Dress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4872930\",\n \"text\": \"before the beginning of the story), Kipps returns to London, marries Stella, has a child of his own, and tries to put the events at Crythin Gifford behind him. At a fair, while his wife and child are enjoying a horse and carriage ride, Kipps sees the Woman in Black. She steps out in front of the horse and startles it, causing it to bolt and wreck the carriage against a tree, killing the child instantly and critically injuring Stella, who dies ten months later. Kipps finishes his reminiscence with the words, \\\"They have asked for my story. I have\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354279\",\n \"text\": \"that the fee was \\\"not that important\\\" to him; his parents chose to invest the money for him. The film was highly popular and was met with positive reviews, and critics took notice of Radcliffe: \\\"Radcliffe is the embodiment of every reader's imagination. It is wonderful to see a young hero who is so scholarly looking and filled with curiosity and who connects with very real emotions, from solemn intelligence and the delight of discovery to deep family longing,\\\" wrote Bob Graham of the \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\". A year later Radcliffe starred in \\\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369113\",\n \"text\": \"about Mrs. Drablow's dreary home, Eel Marsh House. The next day, Kidd attends the funeral with Mr. Pepperell, a local solicitor. During the sermon, he notices a woman in black standing at the back of the church, then again amid the gravestones. He mentions the woman to Mr. Pepperell. Elsewhere, a truck carrying heavy lumber accidentally drops its load and cripples a Romani child. Kidd is driven by trap to Eel Marsh House, which is connected to the mainland by a tidal causeway frequently hidden by the high tides and the sea mists. His driver is Keckwick, a local man\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585325\",\n \"text\": \"they are dragged down into the mud by the ghost. At the last minute, Harry arrives and saves them, though he is dragged down to his death instead. Months later, Eve has adopted Edward, and they are living in London. Although they believe they are free from the ghost, once they leave their house, she appears again and smashes a picture of Harry and his crew. In April 2012, Hammer Films announced that there would be a sequel to \\\"The Woman in Black\\\", titled \\\"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\\\". Originally, the official plot synopsis was different from that\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354301\",\n \"text\": \"In August 2015, Radcliffe endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election. He told \\\"The Big Issue\\\": \\\"...I feel like this show of sincerity by a man who has been around long enough and stuck to his beliefs long enough that he knows them and doesn't have to be scripted is what is making people sit up and get excited. It is great.\\\" He is a supporter of a British republic. On 13 April 2006, his portrait, drawn by Stuart Pearson Wright, was unveiled as part of a new exhibition opening at the Royal National Theatre; it was\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15848627\",\n \"text\": \"by the artist, such as \\\"Flora\\\" and \\\"Woman with a Mirror\\\" - she may have been Titian's mistress, or simply a recurring model. Young Woman in a Black Dress The Young Woman in a Black Dress is an oil painting by Titian, dating to around 1520 and now held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was later misattributed to Palma il Vecchio, then to Giovanni Cariani, until Roberto Longhi reattributed it as by Titian, which is now the critical consensus. It depicts a woman half-length, facing the viewer, with her torso slightly twisted to give a sense of movement.\",\n \"title\": \"Young Woman in a Black Dress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354281\",\n \"text\": \"creative success. The future of the franchise was put into question when Radcliffe and his co-leads Emma Watson and Rupert Grint hesitated signing on to continue their roles for the final two episodes; however, by March 2007, Radcliffe had signed for the final films, which put an end to weeks of press \\\"speculation that he would be denied the role due to his involvement in \\\"Equus\\\"\\\", in which he had performed nude on stage. Radcliffe reprised his role for the fourth time in \\\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\\\" (2007). Radcliffe stated that director David Yates and actress\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14357267\",\n \"text\": \"few moments later. To Arthur's delight, Keckwick drives Arthur in an old-fashioned pony and trap out to the house. Arthur spends the day sorting through Mrs Drablow's papers, and is amazed to find out how many there are. He also finds an old cemetery outside the house, where he again encounters the Woman in Black. Later that day, a thick fog settles on the marsh, cutting Arthur off from the mainland. He tries to return across the causeway on foot in the fog, but quickly becomes lost and is forced to retrace his steps to Eel Marsh House. Before he\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4916285\",\n \"text\": \"the ancient parish were taken to form Bury St. Peter's ecclesiastical parish. In 1878 parts of the ancient parish as well as part of Radcliffe St. Thomas were taken to form Radcliffe St. Andrew, Black Lane ecclesiastical parish. The Parish Church of St Mary was built during the 14th century, and the tower added in the 15th century. In 1966 it was designated a Grade I listed building by English Heritage under its former name of the Church of St Mary and St Bartholomew. In 1991 some local parishes were merged, and the church adopted its present name. Radcliffe is\",\n \"title\": \"Radcliffe, Greater Manchester\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20016409\",\n \"text\": \"Mitchell, an African-American woman, was visited several times by this mysterious woman, who left her hypnotized or \\\"in fits\\\" afterwards. \\\"Her woman in black was also African-American, and only appeared to torment her.\\\" Earlier visits had happened, and voodoo objects had been found under Lena Mitchells' bed, and when removed, the mysterious figure departed. \\\"Relatives noted that, when it happened before, they found a strange hoodoo object beneath Mitchell’s bed. Once they got rid of it, her symptoms subsided and she returned to normal.\\\" Although the police searched the town, no one matching the description was ever found, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (supernatural)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5892987\",\n \"text\": \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress \\\"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\\\" (also titled \\\"Long Cool Woman\\\" or \\\"Long Cool Woman (in a Black Dress)\\\") is a song written by Allan Clarke, Roger Cook, and Roger Greenaway and performed by the British rock group The Hollies. Originally appearing on the album \\\"Distant Light\\\", it was released as a single on 17 April 1972 (on Parlophone in the United Kingdom), selling 1.5 million copies in the United States and two million worldwide. It reached No. 2 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in September 1972. \\\"Billboard\\\" ranked it as the\",\n \"title\": \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5892990\",\n \"text\": \"Clarke had already left the band, but he feels that \\\"it wasn't unfortunate\\\", since he had co-written the song. Clarke rejoined the Hollies in the summer of 1973, partly due to the success of this song. Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress \\\"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\\\" (also titled \\\"Long Cool Woman\\\" or \\\"Long Cool Woman (in a Black Dress)\\\") is a song written by Allan Clarke, Roger Cook, and Roger Greenaway and performed by the British rock group The Hollies. Originally appearing on the album \\\"Distant Light\\\", it was released as a single on 17 April\",\n \"title\": \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585328\",\n \"text\": \"30 December 2014 over the Indie label Varèse Sarabande Records. The movie was originally set to be released on 30 January 2015, but instead it was moved to 1 January 2015. It was released in Canada and the United States on 2 January 2015, then released in France on 14 January 2015 and in Russia on 15 January 2015. \\\"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\\\" was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on 14 April 2015. The Blu-ray features the documentary \\\"Pulling Back the Veil: The Woman in Black 2 - Angel of Death\\\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11557404\",\n \"text\": \"it in \\\"Gather Together\\\", especially her demonstration of the \\\"racist habit\\\" of renaming African Americans. Lauret sees Angelou's themes of the individual's strength and ability to overcome throughout Angelou's autobiographies as well. Cudjoe states that Angelou is still concerned with what it means to be Black and female in America, but she now describes \\\"a particular type of Black woman at a specific moment in history and subjected to certain social forces which assault the Black woman with unusual intensity\\\". When Angelou was concerned about what her readers would think when she disclosed that she had been a prostitute, her\",\n \"title\": \"Gather Together in My Name\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354293\",\n \"text\": \"Film Festival. Radcliffe also performed at the Noël Coward Theatre in the stage play revival of Martin McDonagh's dark comedy \\\"The Cripple of Inishmaan\\\" as the lead, Billy Claven, for which he won the WhatsOnStage Award for Best Actor in a Play. In 2015, Radcliffe starred as Igor in a science fiction horror film \\\"Victor Frankenstein\\\" directed by Paul McGuigan and written by Max Landis, which was based on contemporary adaptations of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel \\\"Frankenstein.\\\" He also starred as Sam House, one of the founder of Rockstar Games, in the biographical drama film \\\"The Gamechangers\\\". In 2016, Radcliffe\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354298\",\n \"text\": \"him the 12th richest young person in the UK. Radcliffe was considered to be the richest teenager in England later that year. In February 2010, he was named the sixth highest paid Hollywood male star and placed at number five on \\\"Forbes\\\"s December list of Hollywood's highest-grossing actors with a film revenue of US$780 million, mainly due to \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\" being released that year. Radcliffe maintains a home in the West Village of Lower Manhattan in New York City. , Radcliffe has been dating American Erin Darke, whom he met on the set of \\\"Kill Your\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354289\",\n \"text\": \"electrifying stage presence that marks a tremendous leap forward.\\\" He added: \\\"I never thought I would find the diminutive (but perfectly formed) Radcliffe a sinister figure, but as Alan Strang ... there are moments when he seems genuinely scary in his rage and confusion.\\\" The production then transferred to Broadway in September 2008, with Radcliffe still in the lead role. Radcliffe stated he was nervous about repeating the role on Broadway because he considered American audiences more discerning than those in London. Radcliffe's performance was nominated for a Drama Desk Award. After voicing a character in an episode of the\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354278\",\n \"text\": \"the selection saying, \\\"I don't think Chris Columbus could have found a better Harry.\\\" Radcliffe's parents originally turned down the offer, as they had been told that it would involve six films shot in Los Angeles. Warner Bros. instead offered Radcliffe a two-movie contract with shooting in the UK; Radcliffe was unsure at the time if he would do any more than that. The release of \\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\" (released as \\\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\\\" in the United States) took place in 2001. Radcliffe received a seven figure salary for the lead role, but asserted\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354303\",\n \"text\": \"public figures advocating for equal rights. Radcliffe received The Trevor Project's Hero Award in 2011 for his contributions. Radcliffe has supported various charities. He designed the Cu-Bed for Habitat's VIP Kids range (a cube made of eight smaller ones which can be made into a bed, chaise-longue or chair) with all the royalties from the sale of the bed going directly to his favourite charity, Demelza House Children's Hospice in Sittingbourne, Kent. Radcliffe has urged his fans to make donations, in lieu of Christmas presents to him, to the charity's Candle for Care programme. In 2008 he was among several\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16585324\",\n \"text\": \"airfield, which is revealed to be a decoy. Harry, the only man stationed there, has been disgraced following a crash in which he was the only survivor, and is no longer allowed to fly. Eve realises that the Woman has followed them. Edward flees and apparently dies by walking into a fire basket. Eve, however, realises that Edward is still alive and at Eel Marsh House. Realising that the Woman in Black wants her alone, she drives to the island, where she finds Edward walking out into the marsh to drown himself where Nathaniel died. She crawls after him, but\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black: Angel of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354273\",\n \"text\": \"Really Trying\\\". He has contributed to many charities, including the Demelza Hospice Care for Children, and The Trevor Project for suicide prevention among LGBTQ youth, which gave him its Hero Award in 2011, and is heavily involved in LGBTQ activism. Radcliffe was born in Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, England. He is the only child of Marcia Jeannine Gresham (née Jacobson) and Alan George Radcliffe. His mother is Jewish and was born in South Africa and raised in Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex. His father was raised in Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland, in a \\\"very working-class\\\" Protestant family. Radcliffe's maternal ancestors\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354286\",\n \"text\": \"on life by doing Potter.\\\" Radcliffe made his film debut in \\\"The Tailor of Panama\\\", an American 2001 film based on John le Carré's 1996 spy novel, and a moderate commercial success. In 2002, he made his stage debut as a celebrity guest in a West End theatre production of \\\"The Play What I Wrote\\\", directed by Kenneth Branaghwho also appeared with him in the second \\\"Harry Potter\\\" film. In 2007, he appeared in the film \\\"December Boys\\\", an Australian family drama about four orphans that was shot in 2005 and released to theatres in mid-September 2007. Also in 2007,\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354285\",\n \"text\": \"character, but also said he is \\\"proud to be associated with this film series forever.\\\" Despite positive feelings about the movies, he has no interest in doing more \\\"Harry Potter\\\" films. After Rowling hinted about writing an eighth book, Radcliffe was asked if he would do another film to which he replied: \\\"[It is] very doubtful. I think 10 years is a long time to spend with one character.\\\" Despite devoting so much time to the series, Radcliffe has asserted that he did not miss out on a childhood like other child actors: \\\"I’ve been given a much better perspective\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13327798\",\n \"text\": \"UK Singles Chart in April 1974 and reached No. 13 staying for nine weeks on the chart, their last single to reach the British Top 20. Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black \\\"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black\\\" is a popular song and hit single by the British group Mungo Jerry, first released in 1974. It also became the title track of a compilation album by the group, released later in 1974. It was written by the band's lead singer Ray Dorset and produced by Barry Murray and Dorset. In addition to Dorset (guitar, vocals), the line-up of the group\",\n \"title\": \"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13327797\",\n \"text\": \"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black \\\"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black\\\" is a popular song and hit single by the British group Mungo Jerry, first released in 1974. It also became the title track of a compilation album by the group, released later in 1974. It was written by the band's lead singer Ray Dorset and produced by Barry Murray and Dorset. In addition to Dorset (guitar, vocals), the line-up of the group at this time which played on the record comprised Dick Middleton (guitar), Bob Daisley (bass), Ian Milne (keyboards), and Dave Bidwell (drums). The song entered the\",\n \"title\": \"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354299\",\n \"text\": \"Darlings,\\\" since 2013. There were rumours and stories of a possible engagement in mid-2014, but Darke's father, Ian Darke, denied there were any such plans in December 2014. In a 2012 interview, Radcliffe stated: \\\"There was never [religious] faith in the house. I think of myself as being Jewish and Irish, despite the fact that I'm English.\\\" He has stated: \\\"We were Christmas tree Jews\\\", and that he is \\\"very proud of being Jewish\\\". In 2012, Radcliffe was quoted as saying: \\\"I'm an atheist, and a militant atheist when religion starts impacting on legislation\\\", though in a 2009 interview, he\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1354287\",\n \"text\": \"Radcliffe co-starred with Carey Mulligan in \\\"My Boy Jack\\\", a television drama film shown on ITV on Remembrance Day. The film received mostly positive reviews, with several critics praising Radcliffe's performance as an 18-year-old who goes missing in action during a battle. Radcliffe stated, \\\"For many people my age, the First World War is just a topic in a history book. But I've always been fascinated by the subject and think it's as relevant today as it ever was.\\\" At age 17, in a bid to show people he was prepared for adult roles, he performed onstage in Peter Shaffer's\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19623863\",\n \"text\": \"photographed by a man while leaving. The photographer brings the photos to Akira Kimura (Brian Tee), who then kills him. His body is then found by a woman in black (Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio). Adalind (Claire Coffee) prepares a potion in her cat and then goes to Juliette's (Bitsie Tulloch) clinic, where the cat scratches Juliette. Nick and Hank discover the photographer took pictures of Nick, Hank, Monroe and Renard (Sasha Roiz). Renard is attacked in his house by Kimura, who is looking for the coins. He escapes when Wu (Reggie Lee) shows up. Nick and Hank save Renard while Juliette\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (Grimm)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14793008\",\n \"text\": \"Gifford that night, is Jennet's next victim. In an effort to lift the curse, Arthur and Sam find Nathaniel's body in the marsh, and place it in his nursery, where Arthur lures Jennet to him. Arthur and Sam bury Nathaniel with Jennet, though her voice echoes through the house that she will never forgive the wrongs she suffered. Assuming Jennet pacified, Arthur and his son Joseph meet at the railway station. While bidding farewell to Sam, Arthur sees the Woman in Black lure Joseph onto the tracks towards an oncoming train. Though he attempts to save him, both Arthur and\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman in Black (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19623865\",\n \"text\": \"and is attacked by Kimura, who is looking for the coins. He is saved by the woman in black, who kills Kimura. Nick holds her at gunpoint. She calls him \\\"Nicky\\\" and a shocked Nick replies, \\\"Mom?\\\" The episode was viewed by 5.10 million people, earning a 1.6/5 in the 18-49 rating demographics on the Nielson ratings scale, ranking first on its timeslot and tying first for the night in the 18-49 demographics with \\\"Shark Tank\\\". This was a 14% increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 4.45 from an 1.2/4 in the 18-49 demographics. This\",\n \"title\": \"Woman in Black (Grimm)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14372637\",\n \"text\": \"Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century Maria de los Reyes Castillo Bueno (1902–1997), also known as Reyita, is the subject of the testimonial biography \\\"Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century\\\". This orally communicated narrative was rendered into a testimonial biography by Reyita's daughter, Daisy Rubiera Castillo, and published in 1997. Reyita's biography adds a previously unknown and thus, underrepresented perspective to a time of political, as well as social, upheaval and change in Cuban history. Reyita, in \\\"The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1749308\",\n \"text\": \"comfortably for the final of the 5,000 metres, where she finished fifth. At the 1996 Securicor Games Radcliffe ran the 5,000 metres finishing second. The Olympic Games saw Radcliffe finished fifth in the 5,000 metres. Radcliffe rounded off 1996 by finishing third in a cross country race in Durham. 1997 saw Radcliffe split Wami and Tulu, and win the silver medal at the 1997 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Radcliffe became the first woman to defend the Fifth Avenue Mile title. In the 1997 World Championships, Radcliffe finished in 4th place over the 5,000 metres. Wami again outsprinted Radcliffe in\",\n \"title\": \"Paula Radcliffe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14081568\",\n \"text\": \"Tollie Records (Arthur Korb) / \\\"Jealous Kind of Woman\\\" (Carl Spencer) Single#9024, Produced by Wally Gold for Past, Present And Future Productions, Arranged & conducted by Bob Halley. Vocals: Carl Spencer & Jimmy Radcliffe 1964 Musicor Records \\\"Cry, Cry, Cry\\\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) / \\\"A Girl Wants To Believe\\\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) Single #MU1037, Produced by Brooks/Radcliffe, arranged & conducted by Garry Sherman. Lead Vocals: Joey Brooks, Backing Vocals: Jimmy Radcliffe. 1964 Fontana Records (UK) \\\"One By One\\\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) / \\\"Monkey Jazz\\\" (Joey Brooks, Jimmy Radcliffe) Single#TF-640, Produced and arranged by Jimmy Radcliffe & Joey\",\n \"title\": \"Jimmy Radcliffe\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["arthur kipps"],"string":"[\n \"arthur kipps\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1289,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what money do they use in thailand?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15463658","text":"History of Thai money The evolution of money in Thailand used as a medium of exchange and to make payment before the adoption of Thai baht coins and banknotes currently in use, included designs and forms which have been found over various period of time. For Thai people, money was considered as the symbol of civilization. Money itself reflected belief, faith in religion, culture, customs and traditions of each era and also serve as a significant record in the development and history of Thailand. The land which is now Thailand was once inhabited by various pre-historic communities. These groups of","title":"History of Thai money"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15463658\",\n \"text\": \"History of Thai money The evolution of money in Thailand used as a medium of exchange and to make payment before the adoption of Thai baht coins and banknotes currently in use, included designs and forms which have been found over various period of time. For Thai people, money was considered as the symbol of civilization. Money itself reflected belief, faith in religion, culture, customs and traditions of each era and also serve as a significant record in the development and history of Thailand. The land which is now Thailand was once inhabited by various pre-historic communities. These groups of\",\n \"title\": \"History of Thai money\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"7657272","text":"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\" is a book which investigates the meaning of work for different people under different circumstances, showing it can vary in importance. The book also reflects Terkel's general idea that work can be difficult but still provides meaning for workers. It is an exploration of what makes work meaningful for people","title":"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do"},{"psg_id":"7657281","text":"2002 DVD \"Pull Over\", Taylor explains that a story about a woman in a shoe manufacturing plant in Massachusetts, described in the book, inspired the song. In the television series \"The Facts of Life\", \"Working\" is one of the books parents wanted to ban in the episode \"Read No Evil\". Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\"","title":"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do"},{"psg_id":"18990721","text":"What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced at the network's upfronts in 2014. The series is a spin-off of the 2014 program \"What Really Happens in Bali\" and produced by the same production company McAvoy Media. The series films the activities and situations of Australian tourists and expats in various locations throughout Thailand, including nightclubs, hospitals and cosmetic surgery centres. The series premiered in Australia on the Seven Network on 14 September 2015, airing on Monday nights until the","title":"What Really Happens in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"20334753","text":"success. He has further gone on to call that rather than demonetization as an exercise, better end to end income and asset tracking mechanisms, including the usage of biometric systems such as Aadhaar will be instrumental in battling 'black money'. I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with","title":"I Do What I Do"},{"psg_id":"18990722","text":"fifth episode of the series, when the show was moved to Thursday nights. After episode six, the series was pulled from the schedule until the television non-ratings period, when episode seven premiered on a Tuesday night however it did not reach the top 20 most watched programs for the first time in the program's season. A second spin-off of the format followed in 2016, titled \"What Really Happens on the Gold Coast\". What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced","title":"What Really Happens in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"19334529","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"psg_id":"19334526","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"psg_id":"7657279","text":"for people who do commercials\") and football coach George Allen (\"You have to put a priority on everything you do each day\"). As the foreword to the book points out, \"Mr. Terkel found, work was a search, sometimes successful, sometimes not, 'for daily meaning as well as daily bread'... The oral histories in \"Working\" are wistful dispatches from a distant era...when management practices and computers were just beginning to transform the American workplace. In the last thirty years, productivity has soared but job satisfaction has plummeted. It is hard to read \"Working\" without wondering what has gone wrong.\" A bestseller","title":"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do"},{"psg_id":"15101070","text":"of other jobs such as scavenging, working in sweatshops, or begging. These jobs, however, do not pay well enough to convince children to not go into the better paying jobs in the sex industry. Prostitution may represent a way for a girl to earn enough money to maintain and enhance her family's property and status in her home village. Economic strife does not only influence those native to Thailand, but to those who are trafficked into Thailand itself. Victims of trafficking that come from other nations are \"easily deceived or lured because they face poverty, unemployment, broken families, and unstable","title":"Sex trafficking in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"7818134","text":"S-Bahn car. Tim then pulls the incriminating film out of his bag, holds a lighter to it, and asks aloud: \"What do you do if there's a fire?\", and the friends answer, \"Let it burn!\" The film contains mild nudity, mild drug use, and mature language. What to Do in Case of Fire? What to Do in Case of Fire? () is a German film directed by Gregor Schnitzler. It premiered in November 2001 at the German film festival Kinofest Lünen and was released to theaters in 2002. Part comedy, part action and part drama, the movie is set in","title":"What to Do in Case of Fire?"},{"psg_id":"20473104","text":"areas. The results indicate that the digital divide cannot be reduced without an education program. The government controls education system. For the education system to progress, the government needs to invest more money and energy. This will help bridge the digital divide in Thailand. Digital divide in Thailand The digital divide in Thailand refers to the economic, educational, and social inequalities between the Thai people who have access to information and communications technology (ICT) and those who do not. Thailand is a developing country within Southeast Asia, and is currently confronted with this problem. There are a number of factors","title":"Digital divide in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"20608312","text":"Radio\" and \"Because I Love You\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \"Because I Love You\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \"Because I Love You\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"10550772","text":"What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money was originally developed, and why gold was chosen as the preferred commodity to use as money. The essay, \"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\" was written by Rothbard as an objective historical account with a provocative title. In contrast, \"The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar\" was an essay with an","title":"What Has Government Done to Our Money?"},{"psg_id":"3471470","text":"producer of the original version, and it included an updated B-side entitled \"One Year On (Feed the World)\", beginning and ending with a recording of a telephone message from Geldof and in between featuring Ure reciting a list of what had been bought with the money raised during the previous 12 months. Vocalists Additional spoken messages on B-side Musicians Notes A second version of \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" was recorded under the name of Band Aid II in 1989, overseen by the most successful British production team of the late 1980s, Stock Aitken Waterman. Geldof had telephoned Pete Waterman","title":"Do They Know It's Christmas?"},{"psg_id":"20147514","text":"for the money they can make off of his hard work. \"What They Want\" peaked at number 83 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It is Russ' first song to appear on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The single eventually was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over a million digital copies in the United States. Russ debuted the music video to \"What They Want\" through his Vevo account on May 3, 2016. As of August 2017, the song has over 100 million views on YouTube. What They Want (Russ song) \"What They Want\" is","title":"What They Want (Russ song)"},{"psg_id":"9930755","text":"vocalists on \"If Love Was a River\", which they also co-wrote. Adam Wright also wrote the track \"Strong Enough\". Giving the album all four stars, \"People\" magazine said on the album that Jackson \"continues to sound more and more like Merle Haggard, which is tantamount to approaching perfection.\" \"What I Do\" debuted at #1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 selling 139,000 copies, becoming his third #1 album, and #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his seventh #1 country album. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in October 2004. What I Do What I Do is the twelfth","title":"What I Do"},{"psg_id":"5171270","text":"surfaced in the Panama Papers. Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand) The Anti-Money Laundering Office (AMLO), is Thailand's \"...key agency responsible for enforcement of the anti-money laundering and the counter-terrorism financing law.\" It was founded in 1999 upon the adoption of the \"Anti-Money Laundering Act, B.E. 2542 (1999)\" (AMLA). AMLO is an independent governmental agency. It has the status of a department functioning independently and neutrally under the supervision of the minister of justice, but is not part of the justice ministry. The \"AMLO 2016 Annual Report\" reported 369 AMLO positions allocated, with 49 positions vacant, plus 30 government employee positions, with","title":"Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand)"},{"psg_id":"5171268","text":"Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand) The Anti-Money Laundering Office (AMLO), is Thailand's \"...key agency responsible for enforcement of the anti-money laundering and the counter-terrorism financing law.\" It was founded in 1999 upon the adoption of the \"Anti-Money Laundering Act, B.E. 2542 (1999)\" (AMLA). AMLO is an independent governmental agency. It has the status of a department functioning independently and neutrally under the supervision of the minister of justice, but is not part of the justice ministry. The \"AMLO 2016 Annual Report\" reported 369 AMLO positions allocated, with 49 positions vacant, plus 30 government employee positions, with two vacancies. Its budget for","title":"Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand)"},{"psg_id":"20147513","text":"What They Want (Russ song) \"What They Want\" is a song by American rapper Russ. It was released on his SoundCloud page on August 19, 2015. Russ included this song on his debut studio album \"There's Really a Wolf\". The song was mixed, mastered, engineered, produced, written, and performed by Russ. The song is a response to labels and women who now want to approach him due to his success as a rapper. In the songs hook, Russ states \"Dollar signs, yeah, I know it's what they want\", as women now want him for his money, and labels want him","title":"What They Want (Russ song)"},{"psg_id":"5617595","text":"you can go four times a day. Too many monks in Thailand do it to get rich. If you become a monk for three months you have enough money for a scooter.\" Monks who do not return to secular life typically specialize in either scholarship or meditation. Those who specialize in scholarship typically travel to regional education centers to begin further instruction in the Pāli language and the scriptures, and may then continue on to the major monastic universities in Bangkok. The scholarship route is also followed by monks who desire to rise in the ecclesiastic hierarchy, as promotions within","title":"Buddhism in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"2648503","text":"What Would Brian Boitano Do? \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\" is a song from the 1999 film \"\" written by \"South Park\" co-creator Trey Parker and composer Marc Shaiman. In the song Olympic and professional figure skater Brian Boitano is treated lyrically as a superhero in a series of increasingly ludicrous situations. The title of the absurdist song is a parody of the evangelical Christian motto \"What Would Jesus Do?\" Olympic and professional figure skater Brian Boitano is a recurring figure in the animated television series \"South Park\", which debuted in 1997. In actuality the use of a fictionalized Boitano's","title":"What Would Brian Boitano Do?"},{"psg_id":"11743507","text":"cases each. Two organizations, the Poh Teck Tung Foundation and the Ruamkatanyu Foundation, are the two largest free first responders in Bangkok. They rely on private donations, but sometimes volunteers must use their own money to buy vehicles, gas, uniforms, and medical equipment. Volunteers are not allowed to accept money from hospitals or from victims. The volunteers say they do this to help people or as a way to earn karma for the next life. The training level of volunteers is not high, just 24 hours. The National Institute of Emergency Medicine (NIEMS) is seeking to increase minimum training to","title":"Healthcare in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"1793153","text":"meant by it. It seems to me there's an awful lot of trouble in the world that somehow wouldn't exist if all the people who sing such songs went and lived them out. I suppose I don't understand. But what would Jesus do? Is that what you mean by following His steps? It seems to me sometimes as if the people in the big churches had good clothes and nice houses to live in, and money to spend for luxuries, and could go away on summer vacations and all that, while the people outside the churches, thousands of them, I","title":"What would Jesus do?"},{"psg_id":"18442039","text":"knows exactly what she needs to do and can get the job done based on her own opinions and with Agent 33, not only is she disfigured, not only doesn’t she have her face anymore, she doesn’t have her identity anymore. ... I think it’ll be interesting to see how her character gets resolved or how her character evolves down the line.\" About the introduction of Jamie Harris as \"man\" at the end of the episode, Tancharoen said \"you will learn his character’s name pretty soon.\" \"What They Become\" reveals that Skye and Raina are Inhumans, thus introducing that species","title":"What They Become"},{"psg_id":"18124428","text":"framework and a range of institutions to effectively counter corruption, all levels of Thai society continue to suffer from endemic corruption.\" The intersection of business and government has resulted in a widespread use of bribes in most sectors across the country. Bribery and conflict of interests are common within Thailand's private and public sectors. Money politics in Thailand, the \"flow of money within the political scene\", stems from the high number of interconnects between the business and political sectors. Despite anti-corruption laws, the government bureaucracy is ineffective in enforcing them. In a survey conducted by the University of the Thai","title":"Corruption in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"17742879","text":"the silly to the satiric may bite, but the anemic pic isn't remotely weird or witty enough for cult immortality.\" \"What We Do in the Shadows\" grossed US $2 million in New Zealand and $3.4 million in the US. \"What We Do in the Shadows\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 26 November 2014 by Weltkino Filmverleih. A sequel to the film, which focused on the werewolves depicted in \"What We Do in the Shadows\", was in development but stopped due to some unresolved production issues. Originally rumoured to be titled \"What We Do in the Moonlight\", the working","title":"What We Do in the Shadows"},{"psg_id":"6988633","text":"Amazon.co.uk, \"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \"What Do I Have to Do?\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"What Do I Have to Do\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\"","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"4313295","text":"by European visitors (Van Neck, 1604; Gisbert Heeck, 1655 and others). It is certainly not a new phenomenon, though it may have been exacerbated by the Japanese occupation during World War II and by the extensive use of Thailand as a \"Rest and Recreation\" facility by US forces during the Second Indochina War (c. 1963–1973). When Rama V abolished slavery in 1905, women found themselves left without anything, so they sold their bodies for survival. Around that time millions of Chinese men came to do construction work, demanding for sex. In 1908, the king passed laws to legalize prostitution and","title":"Prostitution in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"15995715","text":"the country's leading universities do not have rigorous general education requirements. The first edition of the study looked at 100 schools across the nation. Only 5 institutions garnered an \"A\" rating, whereas 25 earned an \"F.\" Among the \"F\" institutions were several schools traditionally considered elite, including Yale University. In the 2010-2011 edition, ACTA expanded \"What Will They Learn?\" to include 718 institutions. The grades broke down to 17 \"A's\" (2%), 252 \"B's\" (35%), 209 \"C's\" (29%), 136 \"D's\" (19%) and 104 \"F's\" (14%). The 2011-2012 edition of \"What Will They Learn?\" was released on August 30, 2011. The study","title":"What Will They Learn?"},{"psg_id":"7137687","text":"is like ending up in a boy's home.\" Blitzer then gives the boy his first shave and later on shaves his head as Rockets turns from punk to skinhead for his birthday. All four of the core group of friends make money by turning tricks of one sort or another and spend it on drugs, typically poppers, tabs, and the amphetamine derivative Desoxyn. Two gay tourists hire the group to show them around LA and are therefore also involved in much of the action of the book. What We Do Is Secret (novel) What We Do Is Secret is a","title":"What We Do Is Secret (novel)"},{"psg_id":"10550781","text":"readjustment called recessions. Rothbard states that many European governments went bankrupt due to World War I, and how they left the gold standard in order to try to solve their financial issues. He also argues that this strategy was partially responsible for World War II, and led to economic problems throughout the world. What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money","title":"What Has Government Done to Our Money?"},{"psg_id":"1793157","text":"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \"What Would Jesus Buy?\", \"What Would Lincoln Do?\", \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\", \"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\", \"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\", and \"What would Tintin do?\". The term \"What Would Jesus Do?\" or \"WWJD\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \"What would Jesus do?\"","title":"What would Jesus do?"},{"psg_id":"7126106","text":"& the Bunnymen left London Records in early 2000. McCulloch said, \"What they said is, 'We'll keep you on if you don't take as much money as in the contract,' and we had no intention of staying anyway, so it was kind of 'were we pushed or did we fall?'\" There was also a change in the band's management with Toogood departing to start his own record label. With the session musicians who recorded \"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?\" moving on, McCulloch and Sergeant recruited a new band, with whom they would go on to record","title":"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?"},{"psg_id":"9854128","text":"Joey after all the help he had given her. Joey experienced his first kiss with Olivia before they departed and they promised to keep in touch. Later, Joey went back to study normally in his old school, and he stated that he was 'where he belonged'. While his dad 'went in circles' and his mom was 'up in down', Joey decided that it was time he moved in his own direction; forward. What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play","title":"What Would Joey Do?"},{"psg_id":"18124450","text":"ended up. Besides increased subsidies. directors may be motivated by the possiblity of transfer to a bigger school: when a school is in the range of 500-1,499 students, the school director is permitted to transfer to a larger school, albeit at no increase in salary. Police suspect that postings to larger schools are attractive as they widen the scope for \"tea money\" kickbacks to directors from parents seeking to place their children in the school. Corruption in Thailand Corruption in Thailand is a national issue. Thai law provides criminal penalties for conviction of official corruption. Thailand's 2014 military junta, the","title":"Corruption in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"8557193","text":"including Rebecca Hagelin, Edwin Meese, Kate O'Beirne and James Pethokoukis. The phrase on occasion has been used by iconoclastic conservatives to claim the mantle of Reagan as they criticize mainline conservatives, by some liberal commentators as a way of chastising Republicans whom also they believe fall short of Reagan's ideals and also by non-partisan public policy organizations that seek to emulate aspects of Reagan's leadership. What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United","title":"What would Reagan do?"},{"psg_id":"6695713","text":"covered by Reba McEntire for her 1994 album, \"Read My Mind.\" As listed in liner notes. What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\" and \"Down to My Last Teardrop\" both at number two, \"Some Kind of Trouble\" at number three, and \"If","title":"What Do I Do with Me"},{"psg_id":"7274243","text":"with a trade ban if it did not take action on illegal fishing. The EU, the world's largest importer of fish products, since 2010 has taken action against countries that do not follow international overfishing regulations, such as policing their waters for unlicensed fishing vessels and imposing penalties to deter illegal fishing. Thailand has failed to certify the origin and legality of its fish exports to the EU and now has six months, until October 2015, to implement a satisfactory action plan to address the shortcomings. EU fisheries commissioner Karmenu Vella declared that, \"Analysing what is actually happening in Thailand,","title":"Environmental issues in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"6695712","text":"What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\" and \"Down to My Last Teardrop\" both at number two, \"Some Kind of Trouble\" at number three, and \"If Your Heart Ain't Busy Tonight\" at number four. The track \"Everything That You Want\" was later","title":"What Do I Do with Me"},{"psg_id":"1793154","text":"mean, die in tenements, and walk the streets for jobs, and never have a piano or a picture in the house, and grow up in misery and drunkenness and sin.\"</poem> This leads to many of the novel's characters asking, \"What would Jesus do?\" when faced with decisions of some importance. This has the effect of making the characters embrace Christianity more seriously and to focus on what they see as its core — the life of Christ. In 1993, Garrett W. Sheldon (great-grandson of the original author) and Deborah Morris published \"What Would Jesus Do? : a contemporary retelling of","title":"What would Jesus do?"},{"psg_id":"15814084","text":"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\"","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"15814082","text":"Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"20608311","text":"1981. The classic Burgess, Ford, Keays and Wheatley line-up reformed in August 1987 for a \"Back to the 1960s\" special on the popular TV variety show \"Hey Hey It's Saturday\". It marked the first time all four had played together since Wheatley had left in late 1971. They undertook a reunion tour during 1988 and released an album, \"Do What You Wanna Do\", featuring new material and new versions of their earlier songs, from which they lifted the single \"Birth of the Beat\". The album's first side contains new recordings of original material and two re-recordings of \"Turn Up Your","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"20334751","text":"I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with his commentary on the economic and political context prevalent at that time. The book was released on September 5, 2017 and quickly made its way to topping the list of best sellers on Amazon India and Flipkart. The book has","title":"I Do What I Do"},{"psg_id":"18442032","text":"shaking the entire island, but she watches in horror as Triplett's petrified body crumbles in front of her. In an end tag, another Obelisk glows and pulses; apparently alerting a man with no eyes. He calls an unknown person to say that there is someone new. In November 2014, Marvel announced that the tenth episode of the season would be titled \"What They Become\", to be written by executive producer Jeffrey Bell, with Michael Zinberg directing. Talking about the revealing of Calvin Zabo and Daisy Johnson in the episode, executive producer Maurissa Tancharoen said, \"As we always do, we pulled","title":"What They Become"},{"psg_id":"11786956","text":"that it would stand out in any season, as one of the best plays ever written by an American author. \"They Knew What They Wanted\" treats a difficult and delicate theme with rare human insight and even rarer philosophical profundity.\" The 1976 Broadway revival received nominations: They Knew What They Wanted (play) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1924 play written by Sidney Howard. The play premiered on Broadway in 1924 and had three Broadway revivals, as well as a London production. \"They Knew What They Wanted\" tells the story of Tony, an aging Italian winegrower in the California","title":"They Knew What They Wanted (play)"},{"psg_id":"3471467","text":"which threatens to turn righteous pleading into pompous indignation. On the other hand, I'm sure it's impossible to write flippantly about something as fundamentally dreadful as the Ethiopia famine.\" The song has received criticism for what has been described as a colonial western-centric viewpoint and condescending stereotypical descriptions of Africa. Musician Fuse ODG turned down a request to sing \"Do They Know It's Christmas\" with the group during the 2014 Ebola outbreak, stating that the lyrics of the song do not reflect what Africa truly is. He cited lyrics such as \"There is no peace and joy in west Africa","title":"Do They Know It's Christmas?"},{"psg_id":"3471469","text":"his typically blunt manner, Geldof told Australia's \"Daily Telegraph\" in 2010, \"I am responsible for two of the worst songs in history. The other one is 'We Are the World'.\" Ure's assessment in his autobiography was that \"it is a song that has nothing to do with music. It was all about generating money... The song didn't matter: the song was secondary, almost irrelevant.\" \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" was reissued the following year on 29 November 1985, reaching number 3 in the UK Singles Chart the week following Christmas. The 1985 single was remixed by Trevor Horn, the intended","title":"Do They Know It's Christmas?"},{"psg_id":"9870991","text":"by Esther McVey. At its height, How Do They Do That? had 12 million viewers watching on Wednesday nights. How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio","title":"How Do They Do That?"},{"psg_id":"3471478","text":"Kuhn and features vocals from artists including 2raumwohnung, Andreas Bourani, Die Toten Hosen, Jan Delay, Joy Denalane, Max Raabe, Milky Chance, Peter Maffay, Silbermond, Thees Uhlmann, and Wolfgang Niedecken. Slade released a version of the song on their 1985 Christmas album \"\", with vocals by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea and proceeds from the track, along with a further Slade release \"Do You Believe in Miracles\" (which told the story of Geldof's rise and demise in the pop scene and then his determination to raise money for the famine victims), were donated to the Band Aid Trust. Do They Know","title":"Do They Know It's Christmas?"},{"psg_id":"19719111","text":"presence in Thailand since the creation of Bangchan Motors in 1970, General Motors withdrew in the late-1970s as the Vietnam War, Thai domestic stability, and the energy crisis all threatened their ability to do business. After having left in 1977, General Motors Thailand (GMT) returned in 2000, subsequent to the elimination of local content requirements. They have since offered a combination of Opels, Daewoos, and Holdens with Chevrolet badging. General Motors placed the production of the Chevrolet Zafira (Opel) in Thailand, originally with the intention of supplying the local ASEAN markets only. After the 1997 Asian financial crisis and resulting","title":"Automotive industry in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"10038255","text":"Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \"It Ain't What You Do (It's the","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"20315184","text":"group Right Said Fred, are credited as songwriters because the song interpolates the melody of their song \"I'm Too Sexy\". According to Fred Fairbrass, he and his brother were contacted one week before the release of \"Look What You Made Me Do\" and were asked whether a \"big, contemporary female artist who hasn't released anything for a while\" – whose identity they were not told – would be able to use a portion of their song for her latest single. Although the brothers agreed to a deal, they did not officially find out that the artist in question was Swift","title":"Look What You Made Me Do"},{"psg_id":"17580008","text":"It was first announced that Gaga would perform on the fifth-season finale of \"The Voice\" on December 12, 2013, with the assumption that R. Kelly would accompany her during a performance of \"Do What U Want\". However, a television commercial aired on December 17, the evening of the finale, teased that \"Christina joins Lady Gaga for one epic performance\"; they sang \"Do What U Want\" as the final performance of the evening. Both appeared in \"matching clothes\" with few differences, Gaga wore a \"jumpsuit all sharp, off-kilter angles\", while Aguilera was dressed in a \"slinky-sexy gown emphasizing her smooth curves\".","title":"Do What U Want"},{"psg_id":"17514848","text":"1972 studio album \"See All Her Faces\". Yellowman covered it for \"King Yellowman\" (1984). \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is sampled in \"Upgrade U\" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's album \"B'Day\" (2006) and in \"No Homo Outro\", a track from \"Turtleneck & Chain\" (2011) by The Lonely Island. Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \"My First Time Around\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records.","title":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do"},{"psg_id":"17514846","text":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \"My First Time Around\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records. It reached number thirty-three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. It has been covered and sampled by several artists. \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a song written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid. It was arranged by","title":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do"},{"psg_id":"18988035","text":"in a wide variety of styles, including gospel and bluegrass; sometimes attributed to Phillips or to \"anonymous\" or to \"traditional\". What Are They Doing in Heaven? \"What Are They Doing in Heaven?\" is a Christian hymn written in 1901 by American Methodist minister Charles Albert Tindley. , it has become popular enough to have been included in 16 hymnals. The song has sometimes been recorded under the titles \"What Are They Doing?\" and \"What Are They Doing in Heaven Today?\". The question mark is often omitted. The song may also be known by its first line, \"I am thinking of","title":"What Are They Doing in Heaven?"},{"psg_id":"18988033","text":"What Are They Doing in Heaven? \"What Are They Doing in Heaven?\" is a Christian hymn written in 1901 by American Methodist minister Charles Albert Tindley. , it has become popular enough to have been included in 16 hymnals. The song has sometimes been recorded under the titles \"What Are They Doing?\" and \"What Are They Doing in Heaven Today?\". The question mark is often omitted. The song may also be known by its first line, \"I am thinking of friends whom I used to know\". The song consists of four verses and a refrain, each four lines long. In","title":"What Are They Doing in Heaven?"},{"psg_id":"16345967","text":"In the \"What Ya Wanna Do\" music video, all the featured rappers spit verses by turn, recording their posse cut in the studio. The song contains a sample from \"Do You Wanna Go Party\" as written by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and performed by KC and the Sunshine Band on their sixth studio album \"Do You Wanna Go Party\". Adapted from Discogs What Ya Wanna Do \"What Ya Wanna Do?\" is a single by American recording artist Ice-T from his third studio album \"The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech...Just Watch What You Say\". It was released in 1989 via Sire","title":"What Ya Wanna Do"},{"psg_id":"5617559","text":"Buddhism in Thailand Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school, which is followed by 94.6 percent of the population. Buddhism in Thailand has also become integrated with folk religion as well as Chinese religions from the large Thai Chinese population. Buddhist temples in Thailand are characterized by tall golden stupas, and the Buddhist architecture of Thailand is similar to that in other Southeast Asian countries, particularly Cambodia and Laos, with which Thailand shares cultural and historical heritage. Buddhism is believed to have come to what is now Thailand as early as 250 BCE, in the time of Indian","title":"Buddhism in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"12138900","text":"the past: \"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\" Its B-side is \"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \"How Could Something\" and by Chamillionaire for \"Void In My Life\". The music video was an imitation of \"The Godfather\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"9930754","text":"What I Do What I Do is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on September 7, 2004, and produced four singles for Jackson on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"Too Much of a Good Thing\" and \"Monday Morning Church\" both reached #5, while \"The Talkin' Song Repair Blues\" and \"USA Today\" both reached #18. \"What I Do\", however, was the first album of his career not to produce any #1 hits. The Wrights, a duo composed of Adam and Shannon Wright (the former of whom is Jackson's nephew) are featured as background","title":"What I Do"},{"psg_id":"8833300","text":"owner of a Thailand bar after being deposed by General Tapioca. Alcazar tells them he saw Jolyon Wagg in his bar, but he has gone north to Chiang Mai with a kathoey (transsexual). Calculus and Haddock both pick up prostitutes in the bar, but Tintin prefers the company of a young boy instead (This is a reference to questions by fans regarding Tintin's sexuality in the original books). The next day the adventurers fly north and soon run into Thomson and Thompson. The Thompson twins do not want anyone to find Wagg, since they are enjoying themselves in Thailand at","title":"Tintin in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"15571729","text":"region of the Asia-Pacific. However, these women are also confronted by hiring discrimination and gender inequality in relation to wages because of being \"concentrated in lower-paying jobs\". According to the National Statistical Office of Thailand, female Thais marry at an earlier age than male Thais, and that 24% of Thai households have women identified as \"heads of households\". In Thailand, women's rights according to labor laws require that men and women get paid for the amount of work they do. In 1974, Kanitha Wichiencharoen became a founder of The Association for the Promotion of the Status of Women (APSW), an","title":"Women in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"16911726","text":"expat was chopped to death by a Bangkok cabbie with a sword. Murders are frequent enough that one writer produced a book called \"How Not To Get Murdered In Thailand\" The author mentions the case of the murdered American Troy Pilkington and noted the contrasting dangers of both taxi cabs and public transportation. One of the issues with cabbies is their alleged drug use and abuse at the hands of Chinese organized crime network which often charge them high fee to operate in the city. The cabbies are typically poor farmers trying to earn money for their rural families. Whatever","title":"Crime in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"10038256","text":"Way That You Do It)\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"12815623","text":"finds out through his phone records that there is a number that he calls repeatedly every month. They discover that particular number belongs to Dr. Heller, a criminal psychologist. They attempt to call Dr. Heller posing as an insurance company, planning to get any information from Dr. Heller but failed. However, Dr. Heller is shocked to learn that Dave is currently in Fairview, and decides to book a plane there in the end of the episode. What More Do I Need? \"What More Do I Need?\" is the 94th episode of the ABC television series, \"Desperate Housewives\". It is the","title":"What More Do I Need?"},{"psg_id":"4395758","text":"in the role. Years later, in 1956, Frank Loesser turned the play into a semi-operatic musical entitled \"The Most Happy Fella\". This was not filmed, but was videotaped in 1980 and shown on PBS. They Knew What They Wanted (film) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1940 film directed by Garson Kanin, written by Robert Ardrey, and starring Carole Lombard, Charles Laughton and William Gargan. It is based on the 1924 Pulitzer Prize winning play \"They Knew What They Wanted\" by Sidney Howard. For his performance Gargan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. When visiting","title":"They Knew What They Wanted (film)"},{"psg_id":"11786952","text":"They Knew What They Wanted (play) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1924 play written by Sidney Howard. The play premiered on Broadway in 1924 and had three Broadway revivals, as well as a London production. \"They Knew What They Wanted\" tells the story of Tony, an aging Italian winegrower in the California Napa Valley, who proposes by letter to Amy, a San Francisco waitress who waited on him once. Fearing that she will find him too old and ugly, Tony sends her a photograph of Joe, his young hired hand, instead of himself. When Amy comes to the","title":"They Knew What They Wanted (play)"},{"psg_id":"17579986","text":"\"Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Write what you want, say what you want about me/ If you want you know that I'm not sorry\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \"Do What U Want\" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of A major with Gaga's vocals spanning the tonal nodes of E to F. The song follows a basic sequence of D–E–Fm–E–D–E as its chord","title":"Do What U Want"},{"psg_id":"4395755","text":"They Knew What They Wanted (film) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1940 film directed by Garson Kanin, written by Robert Ardrey, and starring Carole Lombard, Charles Laughton and William Gargan. It is based on the 1924 Pulitzer Prize winning play \"They Knew What They Wanted\" by Sidney Howard. For his performance Gargan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. When visiting San Francisco, Tony Patucci, an ageing illiterate winegrower from the Napa Valley, sees waitress Amy Peters and falls in love. Returning home, he persuades his foreman Joe, an incorrigible womanizer, to write her a","title":"They Knew What They Wanted (film)"},{"psg_id":"20608310","text":"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \"A Toast To Panama Red\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \"Hands of Time\" by Baker's Raven Records in","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"17742868","text":"What We Do in the Shadows A documentary crew (who are wearing crucifixes) follows four vampire roommates—Viago, Vladislav, Deacon, and Petyr—who share a flat in the Wellington suburb of Te Aro. Although Viago, Vladislav and Deacon are all several centuries old, they have retained normal human appearances, but the 8,000-year-old Petyr resembles Count Orlok and acts more savagely than the younger vampires. Each night, Viago, Vladislav, and Deacon prowl the streets of Wellington searching for people to kill, but they must stay in the flat during the day to avoid sunlight—which is lethal to vampires—and thus have not adapted to","title":"What We Do in the Shadows"},{"psg_id":"5140705","text":"with a DVD released on December 6, 2011. What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \"Candid Camera\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \"Candid Camera\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \"Money Talks\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of","title":"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?"},{"psg_id":"5140703","text":"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \"Candid Camera\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \"Candid Camera\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \"Money Talks\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of the film involves Funt talking to people about","title":"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?"},{"psg_id":"8557191","text":"What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians. The phrase derives by analogy from the earlier phrase What would Jesus do? and its related initialism WWJD, coined in the 1890s and repopularized during the 1990s. While the phrase \"What would Reagan do?\" has existed since at least the early 2000s, it","title":"What would Reagan do?"},{"psg_id":"6988625","text":"What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album \"Rhythm of Love\" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single \"Better the Devil You Know\", but instead \"Step Back in Time\" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"14121335","text":"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\" The music video for the single \"What Faith Can Do\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \"What Faith Can Do\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from","title":"What Faith Can Do"},{"psg_id":"13390309","text":"last albums featuring lead vocalist Chaka Khan before fully going solo. Do You Love What You Feel \"Do You Love What You Feel\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \"Masterjam\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \"Any Love\", \"Do You Love What You Feel\" peaked at number","title":"Do You Love What You Feel"},{"psg_id":"13390308","text":"Do You Love What You Feel \"Do You Love What You Feel\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \"Masterjam\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \"Any Love\", \"Do You Love What You Feel\" peaked at number five on the disco/dance charts. It would be one of the","title":"Do You Love What You Feel"},{"psg_id":"8403656","text":"the logging ban, tourism in Thailand rose by 28 percent. Elephants came back into demand and those with low economic value were placed into camps. The tourism boom gave elephants a place to work and be cared for. It increased their economic value. Today there are an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 domesticated elephants left in Thailand. Among animal rights groups there has been a growing concern over elephant welfare. Elephants in Thailand have fewer health problems than those in circuses, but often their health is not robust. Overall their welfare and treatment depends on how much money their mahouts make.","title":"Tourism in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"11743508","text":"40 hours, a move initially opposed by the Rescue Network of Thailand, an association of voluntary first responders. Not all first responder organizations are altruistic. Significant money must be at stake as, sometimes, competition for patients between organizations leads to turf wars and even gun play. Healthcare in Thailand A system providing universal health care for Thai nationals has been established since 2002. Health and medical care is overseen by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), along with several other non-ministerial government agencies. Total national expenditure on health amounted to 4.3% of GDP in 2009. Most services in Thailand are","title":"Healthcare in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"11670965","text":"to maintain both her working relationship with Vichy and the status quo, the real beneficiaries of the conflict were the Japanese. They were able to expand their influence in both Thailand and Indochina. The Japanese intention was to use Thailand and Indochina as their military base to invade Burma and Malaya in the future. The Thais were forced to accept only a quarter of the territory that they had lost to the French, in addition to having to pay six million piastres as a concession to the French. Relations between Japan and Thailand subsequently stressed as a disappointed Phibun switched","title":"Thailand in World War II"},{"psg_id":"12306939","text":"What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \"What They Like, Inc.\", other sites featuring books, movies and music followed. The site was launched in 2007 by two former Ziff Davis members Ira Becker, executive vice-president of the Game Group, and ex-1UP.com writer and Senior vice-president of the Game Group John Davison. Davison announced his departure from Ziff in August 2007, with Becker's announcement soon following. The two","title":"What They Play"},{"psg_id":"9870990","text":"How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio being washed away. After two series, Eamonn Holmes took over as male presenter, and from Series 5, was joined","title":"How Do They Do That?"},{"psg_id":"9413392","text":"Robert between the items. This series was not made available on Five's online video site. Episodes in this group aired with 30-minute runtimes (including commercials). On hiatus as of February 2014. How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated","title":"How Do They Do It?"},{"psg_id":"9413389","text":"How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated by Rupert Degas; series 3 and 4 were narrated by Iain Lee; and series 5 and 6 were narrated by Dominic Frisby. In 2008, the UK's Channel 5 began airing the","title":"How Do They Do It?"},{"psg_id":"12587704","text":"Road signs in Thailand Road signs in Thailand are standardized road signs similar to those used in other nations but with certain differences. Until the early 1980s, Thailand closely followed US, Australian, and Japanese practices in road sign design, with diamond-shaped warning signs and circular restrictive signs to regulate traffic. Signs usually use the FHWA Series fonts (\"Highway Gothic\") typeface also used in the United States, though some signs on recently completed expressways use \"Arial Bold\". Thai traffic signs use Thai, the national language of Thailand. However, English is also used for important public places such as tourist attractions, airports,","title":"Road signs in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"17742876","text":"New York City and Los Angeles, followed by a screening in San Francisco, Irvine, Philadelphia, Boston, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. The film received a regional release in the U.S. in March 2015, by Unison Films, The Orchard, and Paramount Pictures in association with Funny or Die and Paladin Pictures. The film was heavily pirated. After the shutting down of a piracy website based in Mount Wellington, Auckland, the website revealed that, at 277,000 downloads, 'What We Do in the Shadows' was one of its most heavily pirated films. \"What We Do in the Shadows\" received critical acclaim and has an","title":"What We Do in the Shadows"},{"psg_id":"8265516","text":"of the songs that leaked prior to the album's release, as her first single. The record label didn't agree with Kim and insisted on releasing \"No Matter What They Say\". With time running out and not wanting her first week album sales to suffer, Kim agreed with her label to release the song. \"The Queen\" never made it on the album's final track listing. This song sampled many other songs, including: The song also samples the line 'I'm just tryna be me, doing what I gotta do' from \"Top of the World\" by Brandy as well as \"This is how","title":"No Matter What They Say"},{"psg_id":"12306941","text":"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \"What They Like, Inc.\", other sites","title":"What They Play"},{"psg_id":"12437720","text":"And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices is the eighth album released by Michael Nyman and the fifth featuring the Michael Nyman Band. \"And Do They Do\" is a modern dance work commission by Siobhan Davies and The London Contemporary Dance Theatre, which premiered at Sadler's Wells Theatre on 25 November 1986. \"Zoo Caprices\" is a multi-stop violin solo for Alexander Balanescu based on the score for Peter Greenaway's film, \"A Zed & Two Noughts\". The album was issued on LP in 1986 by Ter Records under license from Jay Records. It was issued on compact disc","title":"And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices"},{"psg_id":"12393297","text":"to serve export markets as well as domestic. Despite the efforts put into anti-HIV strategies, it is estimated that condom use remains quite low: in 2010, the Department of Disease Control (DDC) estimated that 60 percent of sexually active teenagers, more than 50 percent of MSM and 40 percent of sex workers do not regularly use condoms. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a study in partnership with the Thailand Ministry of Public Health to ascertain the effectiveness of providing people who inject drugs illicitly with daily doses of the anti-retroviral drug Tenofovir as a prevention","title":"HIV/AIDS in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"4313320","text":"years in a Japanese prison. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons in its 2018 U.S. Trafficking in Persons report considered Thailand to be a Tier 2 country, meaning the report states that although the Government of Thailand does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, it is making significant efforts to do so. Thailand has enacted several laws against human trafficking. These include the 2008 Anti Trafficking in Persons Act, the 1997 Anti Trafficking Act. Thailand has also entered into regional agreements against human trafficking, including The Coordinated","title":"Prostitution in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"16887555","text":"Chinese or Thai, some have a pictorial design. There are several collections of these in museums around the world, including the British Museum, the Museum Volkenkunde (Leiden), the Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr (Duisburg). These were issued in Chinese settlements in the Malay states, for use in gaming establishments, and then as currency. The early tokens were imported from Siam/Thailand, and over time they began to be made locally too. They were easy and cheap to produce. To deal with large-scale counterfeiting, licensed issuers would change the designs frequently. This eventually led to the appearance of new-type gambling counters, called jokoh. Porcelain money","title":"Porcelain money"},{"psg_id":"18937858","text":"Do You Mean?\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"12437723","text":"on a single instrument through multiple stops. The order is significantly altered from the original album, and \"Vermeer's Wife\" and \"Prawn Watching\" are combined into a single section. Performed by the Michael Nyman Band And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices is the eighth album released by Michael Nyman and the fifth featuring the Michael Nyman Band. \"And Do They Do\" is a modern dance work commission by Siobhan Davies and The London Contemporary Dance Theatre, which premiered at Sadler's Wells Theatre on 25 November 1986. \"Zoo Caprices\" is a multi-stop violin solo for Alexander Balanescu based","title":"And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices"},{"psg_id":"10938837","text":"to find her. Tipper tells Jack that she quit her job and that nobody knows where she is. He has a suspicion that she has gone to a beach (Fire Island, New York) that she told him about, the only place that makes her feel truly happy. Jack asks her to be his wife (again) and she says yes. As the two embrace, Joy says that she quit her job and has no idea what she's going to do. Jack reminds her that they have a lot of money between them. Joy states that they hit the jackpot, to which","title":"What Happens in Vegas"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7657272\",\n \"text\": \"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \\\"Working\\\" is a book which investigates the meaning of work for different people under different circumstances, showing it can vary in importance. The book also reflects Terkel's general idea that work can be difficult but still provides meaning for workers. It is an exploration of what makes work meaningful for people\",\n \"title\": \"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7657281\",\n \"text\": \"2002 DVD \\\"Pull Over\\\", Taylor explains that a story about a woman in a shoe manufacturing plant in Massachusetts, described in the book, inspired the song. In the television series \\\"The Facts of Life\\\", \\\"Working\\\" is one of the books parents wanted to ban in the episode \\\"Read No Evil\\\". Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \\\"Working\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18990721\",\n \"text\": \"What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced at the network's upfronts in 2014. The series is a spin-off of the 2014 program \\\"What Really Happens in Bali\\\" and produced by the same production company McAvoy Media. The series films the activities and situations of Australian tourists and expats in various locations throughout Thailand, including nightclubs, hospitals and cosmetic surgery centres. The series premiered in Australia on the Seven Network on 14 September 2015, airing on Monday nights until the\",\n \"title\": \"What Really Happens in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20334753\",\n \"text\": \"success. He has further gone on to call that rather than demonetization as an exercise, better end to end income and asset tracking mechanisms, including the usage of biometric systems such as Aadhaar will be instrumental in battling 'black money'. I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with\",\n \"title\": \"I Do What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18990722\",\n \"text\": \"fifth episode of the series, when the show was moved to Thursday nights. After episode six, the series was pulled from the schedule until the television non-ratings period, when episode seven premiered on a Tuesday night however it did not reach the top 20 most watched programs for the first time in the program's season. A second spin-off of the format followed in 2016, titled \\\"What Really Happens on the Gold Coast\\\". What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced\",\n \"title\": \"What Really Happens in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19334529\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19334526\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7657279\",\n \"text\": \"for people who do commercials\\\") and football coach George Allen (\\\"You have to put a priority on everything you do each day\\\"). As the foreword to the book points out, \\\"Mr. Terkel found, work was a search, sometimes successful, sometimes not, 'for daily meaning as well as daily bread'... The oral histories in \\\"Working\\\" are wistful dispatches from a distant era...when management practices and computers were just beginning to transform the American workplace. In the last thirty years, productivity has soared but job satisfaction has plummeted. It is hard to read \\\"Working\\\" without wondering what has gone wrong.\\\" A bestseller\",\n \"title\": \"Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15101070\",\n \"text\": \"of other jobs such as scavenging, working in sweatshops, or begging. These jobs, however, do not pay well enough to convince children to not go into the better paying jobs in the sex industry. Prostitution may represent a way for a girl to earn enough money to maintain and enhance her family's property and status in her home village. Economic strife does not only influence those native to Thailand, but to those who are trafficked into Thailand itself. Victims of trafficking that come from other nations are \\\"easily deceived or lured because they face poverty, unemployment, broken families, and unstable\",\n \"title\": \"Sex trafficking in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7818134\",\n \"text\": \"S-Bahn car. Tim then pulls the incriminating film out of his bag, holds a lighter to it, and asks aloud: \\\"What do you do if there's a fire?\\\", and the friends answer, \\\"Let it burn!\\\" The film contains mild nudity, mild drug use, and mature language. What to Do in Case of Fire? What to Do in Case of Fire? () is a German film directed by Gregor Schnitzler. It premiered in November 2001 at the German film festival Kinofest Lünen and was released to theaters in 2002. Part comedy, part action and part drama, the movie is set in\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do in Case of Fire?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20473104\",\n \"text\": \"areas. The results indicate that the digital divide cannot be reduced without an education program. The government controls education system. For the education system to progress, the government needs to invest more money and energy. This will help bridge the digital divide in Thailand. Digital divide in Thailand The digital divide in Thailand refers to the economic, educational, and social inequalities between the Thai people who have access to information and communications technology (ICT) and those who do not. Thailand is a developing country within Southeast Asia, and is currently confronted with this problem. There are a number of factors\",\n \"title\": \"Digital divide in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608312\",\n \"text\": \"Radio\\\" and \\\"Because I Love You\\\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \\\"Because I Love You\\\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \\\"Because I Love You\\\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10550772\",\n \"text\": \"What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money was originally developed, and why gold was chosen as the preferred commodity to use as money. The essay, \\\"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\\\" was written by Rothbard as an objective historical account with a provocative title. In contrast, \\\"The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar\\\" was an essay with an\",\n \"title\": \"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3471470\",\n \"text\": \"producer of the original version, and it included an updated B-side entitled \\\"One Year On (Feed the World)\\\", beginning and ending with a recording of a telephone message from Geldof and in between featuring Ure reciting a list of what had been bought with the money raised during the previous 12 months. Vocalists Additional spoken messages on B-side Musicians Notes A second version of \\\"Do They Know It's Christmas?\\\" was recorded under the name of Band Aid II in 1989, overseen by the most successful British production team of the late 1980s, Stock Aitken Waterman. Geldof had telephoned Pete Waterman\",\n \"title\": \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20147514\",\n \"text\": \"for the money they can make off of his hard work. \\\"What They Want\\\" peaked at number 83 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. It is Russ' first song to appear on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The single eventually was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over a million digital copies in the United States. Russ debuted the music video to \\\"What They Want\\\" through his Vevo account on May 3, 2016. As of August 2017, the song has over 100 million views on YouTube. What They Want (Russ song) \\\"What They Want\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"What They Want (Russ song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9930755\",\n \"text\": \"vocalists on \\\"If Love Was a River\\\", which they also co-wrote. Adam Wright also wrote the track \\\"Strong Enough\\\". Giving the album all four stars, \\\"People\\\" magazine said on the album that Jackson \\\"continues to sound more and more like Merle Haggard, which is tantamount to approaching perfection.\\\" \\\"What I Do\\\" debuted at #1 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 selling 139,000 copies, becoming his third #1 album, and #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his seventh #1 country album. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in October 2004. What I Do What I Do is the twelfth\",\n \"title\": \"What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5171270\",\n \"text\": \"surfaced in the Panama Papers. Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand) The Anti-Money Laundering Office (AMLO), is Thailand's \\\"...key agency responsible for enforcement of the anti-money laundering and the counter-terrorism financing law.\\\" It was founded in 1999 upon the adoption of the \\\"Anti-Money Laundering Act, B.E. 2542 (1999)\\\" (AMLA). AMLO is an independent governmental agency. It has the status of a department functioning independently and neutrally under the supervision of the minister of justice, but is not part of the justice ministry. The \\\"AMLO 2016 Annual Report\\\" reported 369 AMLO positions allocated, with 49 positions vacant, plus 30 government employee positions, with\",\n \"title\": \"Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5171268\",\n \"text\": \"Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand) The Anti-Money Laundering Office (AMLO), is Thailand's \\\"...key agency responsible for enforcement of the anti-money laundering and the counter-terrorism financing law.\\\" It was founded in 1999 upon the adoption of the \\\"Anti-Money Laundering Act, B.E. 2542 (1999)\\\" (AMLA). AMLO is an independent governmental agency. It has the status of a department functioning independently and neutrally under the supervision of the minister of justice, but is not part of the justice ministry. The \\\"AMLO 2016 Annual Report\\\" reported 369 AMLO positions allocated, with 49 positions vacant, plus 30 government employee positions, with two vacancies. Its budget for\",\n \"title\": \"Anti-Money Laundering Office (Thailand)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20147513\",\n \"text\": \"What They Want (Russ song) \\\"What They Want\\\" is a song by American rapper Russ. It was released on his SoundCloud page on August 19, 2015. Russ included this song on his debut studio album \\\"There's Really a Wolf\\\". The song was mixed, mastered, engineered, produced, written, and performed by Russ. The song is a response to labels and women who now want to approach him due to his success as a rapper. In the songs hook, Russ states \\\"Dollar signs, yeah, I know it's what they want\\\", as women now want him for his money, and labels want him\",\n \"title\": \"What They Want (Russ song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5617595\",\n \"text\": \"you can go four times a day. Too many monks in Thailand do it to get rich. If you become a monk for three months you have enough money for a scooter.\\\" Monks who do not return to secular life typically specialize in either scholarship or meditation. Those who specialize in scholarship typically travel to regional education centers to begin further instruction in the Pāli language and the scriptures, and may then continue on to the major monastic universities in Bangkok. The scholarship route is also followed by monks who desire to rise in the ecclesiastic hierarchy, as promotions within\",\n \"title\": \"Buddhism in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2648503\",\n \"text\": \"What Would Brian Boitano Do? \\\"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\\\" is a song from the 1999 film \\\"\\\" written by \\\"South Park\\\" co-creator Trey Parker and composer Marc Shaiman. In the song Olympic and professional figure skater Brian Boitano is treated lyrically as a superhero in a series of increasingly ludicrous situations. The title of the absurdist song is a parody of the evangelical Christian motto \\\"What Would Jesus Do?\\\" Olympic and professional figure skater Brian Boitano is a recurring figure in the animated television series \\\"South Park\\\", which debuted in 1997. In actuality the use of a fictionalized Boitano's\",\n \"title\": \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11743507\",\n \"text\": \"cases each. Two organizations, the Poh Teck Tung Foundation and the Ruamkatanyu Foundation, are the two largest free first responders in Bangkok. They rely on private donations, but sometimes volunteers must use their own money to buy vehicles, gas, uniforms, and medical equipment. Volunteers are not allowed to accept money from hospitals or from victims. The volunteers say they do this to help people or as a way to earn karma for the next life. The training level of volunteers is not high, just 24 hours. The National Institute of Emergency Medicine (NIEMS) is seeking to increase minimum training to\",\n \"title\": \"Healthcare in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1793153\",\n \"text\": \"meant by it. It seems to me there's an awful lot of trouble in the world that somehow wouldn't exist if all the people who sing such songs went and lived them out. I suppose I don't understand. But what would Jesus do? Is that what you mean by following His steps? It seems to me sometimes as if the people in the big churches had good clothes and nice houses to live in, and money to spend for luxuries, and could go away on summer vacations and all that, while the people outside the churches, thousands of them, I\",\n \"title\": \"What would Jesus do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18442039\",\n \"text\": \"knows exactly what she needs to do and can get the job done based on her own opinions and with Agent 33, not only is she disfigured, not only doesn’t she have her face anymore, she doesn’t have her identity anymore. ... I think it’ll be interesting to see how her character gets resolved or how her character evolves down the line.\\\" About the introduction of Jamie Harris as \\\"man\\\" at the end of the episode, Tancharoen said \\\"you will learn his character’s name pretty soon.\\\" \\\"What They Become\\\" reveals that Skye and Raina are Inhumans, thus introducing that species\",\n \"title\": \"What They Become\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18124428\",\n \"text\": \"framework and a range of institutions to effectively counter corruption, all levels of Thai society continue to suffer from endemic corruption.\\\" The intersection of business and government has resulted in a widespread use of bribes in most sectors across the country. Bribery and conflict of interests are common within Thailand's private and public sectors. Money politics in Thailand, the \\\"flow of money within the political scene\\\", stems from the high number of interconnects between the business and political sectors. Despite anti-corruption laws, the government bureaucracy is ineffective in enforcing them. In a survey conducted by the University of the Thai\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17742879\",\n \"text\": \"the silly to the satiric may bite, but the anemic pic isn't remotely weird or witty enough for cult immortality.\\\" \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\" grossed US $2 million in New Zealand and $3.4 million in the US. \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 26 November 2014 by Weltkino Filmverleih. A sequel to the film, which focused on the werewolves depicted in \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\", was in development but stopped due to some unresolved production issues. Originally rumoured to be titled \\\"What We Do in the Moonlight\\\", the working\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in the Shadows\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988633\",\n \"text\": \"Amazon.co.uk, \\\"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\\\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4313295\",\n \"text\": \"by European visitors (Van Neck, 1604; Gisbert Heeck, 1655 and others). It is certainly not a new phenomenon, though it may have been exacerbated by the Japanese occupation during World War II and by the extensive use of Thailand as a \\\"Rest and Recreation\\\" facility by US forces during the Second Indochina War (c. 1963–1973). When Rama V abolished slavery in 1905, women found themselves left without anything, so they sold their bodies for survival. Around that time millions of Chinese men came to do construction work, demanding for sex. In 1908, the king passed laws to legalize prostitution and\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15995715\",\n \"text\": \"the country's leading universities do not have rigorous general education requirements. The first edition of the study looked at 100 schools across the nation. Only 5 institutions garnered an \\\"A\\\" rating, whereas 25 earned an \\\"F.\\\" Among the \\\"F\\\" institutions were several schools traditionally considered elite, including Yale University. In the 2010-2011 edition, ACTA expanded \\\"What Will They Learn?\\\" to include 718 institutions. The grades broke down to 17 \\\"A's\\\" (2%), 252 \\\"B's\\\" (35%), 209 \\\"C's\\\" (29%), 136 \\\"D's\\\" (19%) and 104 \\\"F's\\\" (14%). The 2011-2012 edition of \\\"What Will They Learn?\\\" was released on August 30, 2011. The study\",\n \"title\": \"What Will They Learn?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7137687\",\n \"text\": \"is like ending up in a boy's home.\\\" Blitzer then gives the boy his first shave and later on shaves his head as Rockets turns from punk to skinhead for his birthday. All four of the core group of friends make money by turning tricks of one sort or another and spend it on drugs, typically poppers, tabs, and the amphetamine derivative Desoxyn. Two gay tourists hire the group to show them around LA and are therefore also involved in much of the action of the book. What We Do Is Secret (novel) What We Do Is Secret is a\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do Is Secret (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10550781\",\n \"text\": \"readjustment called recessions. Rothbard states that many European governments went bankrupt due to World War I, and how they left the gold standard in order to try to solve their financial issues. He also argues that this strategy was partially responsible for World War II, and led to economic problems throughout the world. What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money\",\n \"title\": \"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1793157\",\n \"text\": \"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \\\"What Would Jesus Buy?\\\", \\\"What Would Lincoln Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\\\", and \\\"What would Tintin do?\\\". The term \\\"What Would Jesus Do?\\\" or \\\"WWJD\\\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What would Jesus do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7126106\",\n \"text\": \"& the Bunnymen left London Records in early 2000. McCulloch said, \\\"What they said is, 'We'll keep you on if you don't take as much money as in the contract,' and we had no intention of staying anyway, so it was kind of 'were we pushed or did we fall?'\\\" There was also a change in the band's management with Toogood departing to start his own record label. With the session musicians who recorded \\\"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?\\\" moving on, McCulloch and Sergeant recruited a new band, with whom they would go on to record\",\n \"title\": \"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9854128\",\n \"text\": \"Joey after all the help he had given her. Joey experienced his first kiss with Olivia before they departed and they promised to keep in touch. Later, Joey went back to study normally in his old school, and he stated that he was 'where he belonged'. While his dad 'went in circles' and his mom was 'up in down', Joey decided that it was time he moved in his own direction; forward. What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play\",\n \"title\": \"What Would Joey Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18124450\",\n \"text\": \"ended up. Besides increased subsidies. directors may be motivated by the possiblity of transfer to a bigger school: when a school is in the range of 500-1,499 students, the school director is permitted to transfer to a larger school, albeit at no increase in salary. Police suspect that postings to larger schools are attractive as they widen the scope for \\\"tea money\\\" kickbacks to directors from parents seeking to place their children in the school. Corruption in Thailand Corruption in Thailand is a national issue. Thai law provides criminal penalties for conviction of official corruption. Thailand's 2014 military junta, the\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557193\",\n \"text\": \"including Rebecca Hagelin, Edwin Meese, Kate O'Beirne and James Pethokoukis. The phrase on occasion has been used by iconoclastic conservatives to claim the mantle of Reagan as they criticize mainline conservatives, by some liberal commentators as a way of chastising Republicans whom also they believe fall short of Reagan's ideals and also by non-partisan public policy organizations that seek to emulate aspects of Reagan's leadership. What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United\",\n \"title\": \"What would Reagan do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6695713\",\n \"text\": \"covered by Reba McEntire for her 1994 album, \\\"Read My Mind.\\\" As listed in liner notes. What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\\\" and \\\"Down to My Last Teardrop\\\" both at number two, \\\"Some Kind of Trouble\\\" at number three, and \\\"If\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Do with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7274243\",\n \"text\": \"with a trade ban if it did not take action on illegal fishing. The EU, the world's largest importer of fish products, since 2010 has taken action against countries that do not follow international overfishing regulations, such as policing their waters for unlicensed fishing vessels and imposing penalties to deter illegal fishing. Thailand has failed to certify the origin and legality of its fish exports to the EU and now has six months, until October 2015, to implement a satisfactory action plan to address the shortcomings. EU fisheries commissioner Karmenu Vella declared that, \\\"Analysing what is actually happening in Thailand,\",\n \"title\": \"Environmental issues in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6695712\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\\\" and \\\"Down to My Last Teardrop\\\" both at number two, \\\"Some Kind of Trouble\\\" at number three, and \\\"If Your Heart Ain't Busy Tonight\\\" at number four. The track \\\"Everything That You Want\\\" was later\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Do with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1793154\",\n \"text\": \"mean, die in tenements, and walk the streets for jobs, and never have a piano or a picture in the house, and grow up in misery and drunkenness and sin.\\\"</poem> This leads to many of the novel's characters asking, \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\" when faced with decisions of some importance. This has the effect of making the characters embrace Christianity more seriously and to focus on what they see as its core — the life of Christ. In 1993, Garrett W. Sheldon (great-grandson of the original author) and Deborah Morris published \\\"What Would Jesus Do? : a contemporary retelling of\",\n \"title\": \"What would Jesus do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814084\",\n \"text\": \"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814082\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608311\",\n \"text\": \"1981. The classic Burgess, Ford, Keays and Wheatley line-up reformed in August 1987 for a \\\"Back to the 1960s\\\" special on the popular TV variety show \\\"Hey Hey It's Saturday\\\". It marked the first time all four had played together since Wheatley had left in late 1971. They undertook a reunion tour during 1988 and released an album, \\\"Do What You Wanna Do\\\", featuring new material and new versions of their earlier songs, from which they lifted the single \\\"Birth of the Beat\\\". The album's first side contains new recordings of original material and two re-recordings of \\\"Turn Up Your\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20334751\",\n \"text\": \"I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with his commentary on the economic and political context prevalent at that time. The book was released on September 5, 2017 and quickly made its way to topping the list of best sellers on Amazon India and Flipkart. The book has\",\n \"title\": \"I Do What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18442032\",\n \"text\": \"shaking the entire island, but she watches in horror as Triplett's petrified body crumbles in front of her. In an end tag, another Obelisk glows and pulses; apparently alerting a man with no eyes. He calls an unknown person to say that there is someone new. In November 2014, Marvel announced that the tenth episode of the season would be titled \\\"What They Become\\\", to be written by executive producer Jeffrey Bell, with Michael Zinberg directing. Talking about the revealing of Calvin Zabo and Daisy Johnson in the episode, executive producer Maurissa Tancharoen said, \\\"As we always do, we pulled\",\n \"title\": \"What They Become\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11786956\",\n \"text\": \"that it would stand out in any season, as one of the best plays ever written by an American author. \\\"They Knew What They Wanted\\\" treats a difficult and delicate theme with rare human insight and even rarer philosophical profundity.\\\" The 1976 Broadway revival received nominations: They Knew What They Wanted (play) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1924 play written by Sidney Howard. The play premiered on Broadway in 1924 and had three Broadway revivals, as well as a London production. \\\"They Knew What They Wanted\\\" tells the story of Tony, an aging Italian winegrower in the California\",\n \"title\": \"They Knew What They Wanted (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3471467\",\n \"text\": \"which threatens to turn righteous pleading into pompous indignation. On the other hand, I'm sure it's impossible to write flippantly about something as fundamentally dreadful as the Ethiopia famine.\\\" The song has received criticism for what has been described as a colonial western-centric viewpoint and condescending stereotypical descriptions of Africa. Musician Fuse ODG turned down a request to sing \\\"Do They Know It's Christmas\\\" with the group during the 2014 Ebola outbreak, stating that the lyrics of the song do not reflect what Africa truly is. He cited lyrics such as \\\"There is no peace and joy in west Africa\",\n \"title\": \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3471469\",\n \"text\": \"his typically blunt manner, Geldof told Australia's \\\"Daily Telegraph\\\" in 2010, \\\"I am responsible for two of the worst songs in history. The other one is 'We Are the World'.\\\" Ure's assessment in his autobiography was that \\\"it is a song that has nothing to do with music. It was all about generating money... The song didn't matter: the song was secondary, almost irrelevant.\\\" \\\"Do They Know It's Christmas?\\\" was reissued the following year on 29 November 1985, reaching number 3 in the UK Singles Chart the week following Christmas. The 1985 single was remixed by Trevor Horn, the intended\",\n \"title\": \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870991\",\n \"text\": \"by Esther McVey. At its height, How Do They Do That? had 12 million viewers watching on Wednesday nights. How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do That?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3471478\",\n \"text\": \"Kuhn and features vocals from artists including 2raumwohnung, Andreas Bourani, Die Toten Hosen, Jan Delay, Joy Denalane, Max Raabe, Milky Chance, Peter Maffay, Silbermond, Thees Uhlmann, and Wolfgang Niedecken. Slade released a version of the song on their 1985 Christmas album \\\"\\\", with vocals by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea and proceeds from the track, along with a further Slade release \\\"Do You Believe in Miracles\\\" (which told the story of Geldof's rise and demise in the pop scene and then his determination to raise money for the famine victims), were donated to the Band Aid Trust. Do They Know\",\n \"title\": \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19719111\",\n \"text\": \"presence in Thailand since the creation of Bangchan Motors in 1970, General Motors withdrew in the late-1970s as the Vietnam War, Thai domestic stability, and the energy crisis all threatened their ability to do business. After having left in 1977, General Motors Thailand (GMT) returned in 2000, subsequent to the elimination of local content requirements. They have since offered a combination of Opels, Daewoos, and Holdens with Chevrolet badging. General Motors placed the production of the Chevrolet Zafira (Opel) in Thailand, originally with the intention of supplying the local ASEAN markets only. After the 1997 Asian financial crisis and resulting\",\n \"title\": \"Automotive industry in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038255\",\n \"text\": \"Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \\\"It Ain't What You Do (It's the\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20315184\",\n \"text\": \"group Right Said Fred, are credited as songwriters because the song interpolates the melody of their song \\\"I'm Too Sexy\\\". According to Fred Fairbrass, he and his brother were contacted one week before the release of \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" and were asked whether a \\\"big, contemporary female artist who hasn't released anything for a while\\\" – whose identity they were not told – would be able to use a portion of their song for her latest single. Although the brothers agreed to a deal, they did not officially find out that the artist in question was Swift\",\n \"title\": \"Look What You Made Me Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17580008\",\n \"text\": \"It was first announced that Gaga would perform on the fifth-season finale of \\\"The Voice\\\" on December 12, 2013, with the assumption that R. Kelly would accompany her during a performance of \\\"Do What U Want\\\". However, a television commercial aired on December 17, the evening of the finale, teased that \\\"Christina joins Lady Gaga for one epic performance\\\"; they sang \\\"Do What U Want\\\" as the final performance of the evening. Both appeared in \\\"matching clothes\\\" with few differences, Gaga wore a \\\"jumpsuit all sharp, off-kilter angles\\\", while Aguilera was dressed in a \\\"slinky-sexy gown emphasizing her smooth curves\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Want\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514848\",\n \"text\": \"1972 studio album \\\"See All Her Faces\\\". Yellowman covered it for \\\"King Yellowman\\\" (1984). \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is sampled in \\\"Upgrade U\\\" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's album \\\"B'Day\\\" (2006) and in \\\"No Homo Outro\\\", a track from \\\"Turtleneck & Chain\\\" (2011) by The Lonely Island. Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \\\"My First Time Around\\\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records.\",\n \"title\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514846\",\n \"text\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \\\"My First Time Around\\\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records. It reached number thirty-three on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. It has been covered and sampled by several artists. \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a song written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid. It was arranged by\",\n \"title\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18988035\",\n \"text\": \"in a wide variety of styles, including gospel and bluegrass; sometimes attributed to Phillips or to \\\"anonymous\\\" or to \\\"traditional\\\". What Are They Doing in Heaven? \\\"What Are They Doing in Heaven?\\\" is a Christian hymn written in 1901 by American Methodist minister Charles Albert Tindley. , it has become popular enough to have been included in 16 hymnals. The song has sometimes been recorded under the titles \\\"What Are They Doing?\\\" and \\\"What Are They Doing in Heaven Today?\\\". The question mark is often omitted. The song may also be known by its first line, \\\"I am thinking of\",\n \"title\": \"What Are They Doing in Heaven?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18988033\",\n \"text\": \"What Are They Doing in Heaven? \\\"What Are They Doing in Heaven?\\\" is a Christian hymn written in 1901 by American Methodist minister Charles Albert Tindley. , it has become popular enough to have been included in 16 hymnals. The song has sometimes been recorded under the titles \\\"What Are They Doing?\\\" and \\\"What Are They Doing in Heaven Today?\\\". The question mark is often omitted. The song may also be known by its first line, \\\"I am thinking of friends whom I used to know\\\". The song consists of four verses and a refrain, each four lines long. In\",\n \"title\": \"What Are They Doing in Heaven?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16345967\",\n \"text\": \"In the \\\"What Ya Wanna Do\\\" music video, all the featured rappers spit verses by turn, recording their posse cut in the studio. The song contains a sample from \\\"Do You Wanna Go Party\\\" as written by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and performed by KC and the Sunshine Band on their sixth studio album \\\"Do You Wanna Go Party\\\". Adapted from Discogs What Ya Wanna Do \\\"What Ya Wanna Do?\\\" is a single by American recording artist Ice-T from his third studio album \\\"The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech...Just Watch What You Say\\\". It was released in 1989 via Sire\",\n \"title\": \"What Ya Wanna Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5617559\",\n \"text\": \"Buddhism in Thailand Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school, which is followed by 94.6 percent of the population. Buddhism in Thailand has also become integrated with folk religion as well as Chinese religions from the large Thai Chinese population. Buddhist temples in Thailand are characterized by tall golden stupas, and the Buddhist architecture of Thailand is similar to that in other Southeast Asian countries, particularly Cambodia and Laos, with which Thailand shares cultural and historical heritage. Buddhism is believed to have come to what is now Thailand as early as 250 BCE, in the time of Indian\",\n \"title\": \"Buddhism in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138900\",\n \"text\": \"the past: \\\"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\\\" Its B-side is \\\"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\\\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \\\"How Could Something\\\" and by Chamillionaire for \\\"Void In My Life\\\". The music video was an imitation of \\\"The Godfather\\\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9930754\",\n \"text\": \"What I Do What I Do is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on September 7, 2004, and produced four singles for Jackson on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"Too Much of a Good Thing\\\" and \\\"Monday Morning Church\\\" both reached #5, while \\\"The Talkin' Song Repair Blues\\\" and \\\"USA Today\\\" both reached #18. \\\"What I Do\\\", however, was the first album of his career not to produce any #1 hits. The Wrights, a duo composed of Adam and Shannon Wright (the former of whom is Jackson's nephew) are featured as background\",\n \"title\": \"What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8833300\",\n \"text\": \"owner of a Thailand bar after being deposed by General Tapioca. Alcazar tells them he saw Jolyon Wagg in his bar, but he has gone north to Chiang Mai with a kathoey (transsexual). Calculus and Haddock both pick up prostitutes in the bar, but Tintin prefers the company of a young boy instead (This is a reference to questions by fans regarding Tintin's sexuality in the original books). The next day the adventurers fly north and soon run into Thomson and Thompson. The Thompson twins do not want anyone to find Wagg, since they are enjoying themselves in Thailand at\",\n \"title\": \"Tintin in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15571729\",\n \"text\": \"region of the Asia-Pacific. However, these women are also confronted by hiring discrimination and gender inequality in relation to wages because of being \\\"concentrated in lower-paying jobs\\\". According to the National Statistical Office of Thailand, female Thais marry at an earlier age than male Thais, and that 24% of Thai households have women identified as \\\"heads of households\\\". In Thailand, women's rights according to labor laws require that men and women get paid for the amount of work they do. In 1974, Kanitha Wichiencharoen became a founder of The Association for the Promotion of the Status of Women (APSW), an\",\n \"title\": \"Women in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16911726\",\n \"text\": \"expat was chopped to death by a Bangkok cabbie with a sword. Murders are frequent enough that one writer produced a book called \\\"How Not To Get Murdered In Thailand\\\" The author mentions the case of the murdered American Troy Pilkington and noted the contrasting dangers of both taxi cabs and public transportation. One of the issues with cabbies is their alleged drug use and abuse at the hands of Chinese organized crime network which often charge them high fee to operate in the city. The cabbies are typically poor farmers trying to earn money for their rural families. Whatever\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038256\",\n \"text\": \"Way That You Do It)\\\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12815623\",\n \"text\": \"finds out through his phone records that there is a number that he calls repeatedly every month. They discover that particular number belongs to Dr. Heller, a criminal psychologist. They attempt to call Dr. Heller posing as an insurance company, planning to get any information from Dr. Heller but failed. However, Dr. Heller is shocked to learn that Dave is currently in Fairview, and decides to book a plane there in the end of the episode. What More Do I Need? \\\"What More Do I Need?\\\" is the 94th episode of the ABC television series, \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\". It is the\",\n \"title\": \"What More Do I Need?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4395758\",\n \"text\": \"in the role. Years later, in 1956, Frank Loesser turned the play into a semi-operatic musical entitled \\\"The Most Happy Fella\\\". This was not filmed, but was videotaped in 1980 and shown on PBS. They Knew What They Wanted (film) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1940 film directed by Garson Kanin, written by Robert Ardrey, and starring Carole Lombard, Charles Laughton and William Gargan. It is based on the 1924 Pulitzer Prize winning play \\\"They Knew What They Wanted\\\" by Sidney Howard. For his performance Gargan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. When visiting\",\n \"title\": \"They Knew What They Wanted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11786952\",\n \"text\": \"They Knew What They Wanted (play) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1924 play written by Sidney Howard. The play premiered on Broadway in 1924 and had three Broadway revivals, as well as a London production. \\\"They Knew What They Wanted\\\" tells the story of Tony, an aging Italian winegrower in the California Napa Valley, who proposes by letter to Amy, a San Francisco waitress who waited on him once. Fearing that she will find him too old and ugly, Tony sends her a photograph of Joe, his young hired hand, instead of himself. When Amy comes to the\",\n \"title\": \"They Knew What They Wanted (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17579986\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Write what you want, say what you want about me/ If you want you know that I'm not sorry\\\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \\\"Do What U Want\\\" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of A major with Gaga's vocals spanning the tonal nodes of E to F. The song follows a basic sequence of D–E–Fm–E–D–E as its chord\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Want\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4395755\",\n \"text\": \"They Knew What They Wanted (film) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1940 film directed by Garson Kanin, written by Robert Ardrey, and starring Carole Lombard, Charles Laughton and William Gargan. It is based on the 1924 Pulitzer Prize winning play \\\"They Knew What They Wanted\\\" by Sidney Howard. For his performance Gargan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. When visiting San Francisco, Tony Patucci, an ageing illiterate winegrower from the Napa Valley, sees waitress Amy Peters and falls in love. Returning home, he persuades his foreman Joe, an incorrigible womanizer, to write her a\",\n \"title\": \"They Knew What They Wanted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608310\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \\\"A Toast To Panama Red\\\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \\\"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\\\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \\\"Hands of Time\\\" by Baker's Raven Records in\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17742868\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in the Shadows A documentary crew (who are wearing crucifixes) follows four vampire roommates—Viago, Vladislav, Deacon, and Petyr—who share a flat in the Wellington suburb of Te Aro. Although Viago, Vladislav and Deacon are all several centuries old, they have retained normal human appearances, but the 8,000-year-old Petyr resembles Count Orlok and acts more savagely than the younger vampires. Each night, Viago, Vladislav, and Deacon prowl the streets of Wellington searching for people to kill, but they must stay in the flat during the day to avoid sunlight—which is lethal to vampires—and thus have not adapted to\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in the Shadows\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5140705\",\n \"text\": \"with a DVD released on December 6, 2011. What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \\\"Candid Camera\\\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \\\"Candid Camera\\\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \\\"Money Talks\\\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5140703\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \\\"Candid Camera\\\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \\\"Candid Camera\\\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \\\"Money Talks\\\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of the film involves Funt talking to people about\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557191\",\n \"text\": \"What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians. The phrase derives by analogy from the earlier phrase What would Jesus do? and its related initialism WWJD, coined in the 1890s and repopularized during the 1990s. While the phrase \\\"What would Reagan do?\\\" has existed since at least the early 2000s, it\",\n \"title\": \"What would Reagan do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988625\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album \\\"Rhythm of Love\\\" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single \\\"Better the Devil You Know\\\", but instead \\\"Step Back in Time\\\" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14121335\",\n \"text\": \"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\\\" The music video for the single \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from\",\n \"title\": \"What Faith Can Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13390309\",\n \"text\": \"last albums featuring lead vocalist Chaka Khan before fully going solo. Do You Love What You Feel \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \\\"Masterjam\\\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \\\"Any Love\\\", \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Love What You Feel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13390308\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Love What You Feel \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \\\"Masterjam\\\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \\\"Any Love\\\", \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" peaked at number five on the disco/dance charts. It would be one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Love What You Feel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8403656\",\n \"text\": \"the logging ban, tourism in Thailand rose by 28 percent. Elephants came back into demand and those with low economic value were placed into camps. The tourism boom gave elephants a place to work and be cared for. It increased their economic value. Today there are an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 domesticated elephants left in Thailand. Among animal rights groups there has been a growing concern over elephant welfare. Elephants in Thailand have fewer health problems than those in circuses, but often their health is not robust. Overall their welfare and treatment depends on how much money their mahouts make.\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11743508\",\n \"text\": \"40 hours, a move initially opposed by the Rescue Network of Thailand, an association of voluntary first responders. Not all first responder organizations are altruistic. Significant money must be at stake as, sometimes, competition for patients between organizations leads to turf wars and even gun play. Healthcare in Thailand A system providing universal health care for Thai nationals has been established since 2002. Health and medical care is overseen by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), along with several other non-ministerial government agencies. Total national expenditure on health amounted to 4.3% of GDP in 2009. Most services in Thailand are\",\n \"title\": \"Healthcare in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11670965\",\n \"text\": \"to maintain both her working relationship with Vichy and the status quo, the real beneficiaries of the conflict were the Japanese. They were able to expand their influence in both Thailand and Indochina. The Japanese intention was to use Thailand and Indochina as their military base to invade Burma and Malaya in the future. The Thais were forced to accept only a quarter of the territory that they had lost to the French, in addition to having to pay six million piastres as a concession to the French. Relations between Japan and Thailand subsequently stressed as a disappointed Phibun switched\",\n \"title\": \"Thailand in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306939\",\n \"text\": \"What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites featuring books, movies and music followed. The site was launched in 2007 by two former Ziff Davis members Ira Becker, executive vice-president of the Game Group, and ex-1UP.com writer and Senior vice-president of the Game Group John Davison. Davison announced his departure from Ziff in August 2007, with Becker's announcement soon following. The two\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870990\",\n \"text\": \"How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio being washed away. After two series, Eamonn Holmes took over as male presenter, and from Series 5, was joined\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do That?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9413392\",\n \"text\": \"Robert between the items. This series was not made available on Five's online video site. Episodes in this group aired with 30-minute runtimes (including commercials). On hiatus as of February 2014. How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \\\"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\\\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9413389\",\n \"text\": \"How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \\\"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\\\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated by Rupert Degas; series 3 and 4 were narrated by Iain Lee; and series 5 and 6 were narrated by Dominic Frisby. In 2008, the UK's Channel 5 began airing the\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12587704\",\n \"text\": \"Road signs in Thailand Road signs in Thailand are standardized road signs similar to those used in other nations but with certain differences. Until the early 1980s, Thailand closely followed US, Australian, and Japanese practices in road sign design, with diamond-shaped warning signs and circular restrictive signs to regulate traffic. Signs usually use the FHWA Series fonts (\\\"Highway Gothic\\\") typeface also used in the United States, though some signs on recently completed expressways use \\\"Arial Bold\\\". Thai traffic signs use Thai, the national language of Thailand. However, English is also used for important public places such as tourist attractions, airports,\",\n \"title\": \"Road signs in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17742876\",\n \"text\": \"New York City and Los Angeles, followed by a screening in San Francisco, Irvine, Philadelphia, Boston, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. The film received a regional release in the U.S. in March 2015, by Unison Films, The Orchard, and Paramount Pictures in association with Funny or Die and Paladin Pictures. The film was heavily pirated. After the shutting down of a piracy website based in Mount Wellington, Auckland, the website revealed that, at 277,000 downloads, 'What We Do in the Shadows' was one of its most heavily pirated films. \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\" received critical acclaim and has an\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in the Shadows\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8265516\",\n \"text\": \"of the songs that leaked prior to the album's release, as her first single. The record label didn't agree with Kim and insisted on releasing \\\"No Matter What They Say\\\". With time running out and not wanting her first week album sales to suffer, Kim agreed with her label to release the song. \\\"The Queen\\\" never made it on the album's final track listing. This song sampled many other songs, including: The song also samples the line 'I'm just tryna be me, doing what I gotta do' from \\\"Top of the World\\\" by Brandy as well as \\\"This is how\",\n \"title\": \"No Matter What They Say\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306941\",\n \"text\": \"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12437720\",\n \"text\": \"And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices is the eighth album released by Michael Nyman and the fifth featuring the Michael Nyman Band. \\\"And Do They Do\\\" is a modern dance work commission by Siobhan Davies and The London Contemporary Dance Theatre, which premiered at Sadler's Wells Theatre on 25 November 1986. \\\"Zoo Caprices\\\" is a multi-stop violin solo for Alexander Balanescu based on the score for Peter Greenaway's film, \\\"A Zed & Two Noughts\\\". The album was issued on LP in 1986 by Ter Records under license from Jay Records. It was issued on compact disc\",\n \"title\": \"And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12393297\",\n \"text\": \"to serve export markets as well as domestic. Despite the efforts put into anti-HIV strategies, it is estimated that condom use remains quite low: in 2010, the Department of Disease Control (DDC) estimated that 60 percent of sexually active teenagers, more than 50 percent of MSM and 40 percent of sex workers do not regularly use condoms. The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a study in partnership with the Thailand Ministry of Public Health to ascertain the effectiveness of providing people who inject drugs illicitly with daily doses of the anti-retroviral drug Tenofovir as a prevention\",\n \"title\": \"HIV/AIDS in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4313320\",\n \"text\": \"years in a Japanese prison. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons in its 2018 U.S. Trafficking in Persons report considered Thailand to be a Tier 2 country, meaning the report states that although the Government of Thailand does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, it is making significant efforts to do so. Thailand has enacted several laws against human trafficking. These include the 2008 Anti Trafficking in Persons Act, the 1997 Anti Trafficking Act. Thailand has also entered into regional agreements against human trafficking, including The Coordinated\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16887555\",\n \"text\": \"Chinese or Thai, some have a pictorial design. There are several collections of these in museums around the world, including the British Museum, the Museum Volkenkunde (Leiden), the Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr (Duisburg). These were issued in Chinese settlements in the Malay states, for use in gaming establishments, and then as currency. The early tokens were imported from Siam/Thailand, and over time they began to be made locally too. They were easy and cheap to produce. To deal with large-scale counterfeiting, licensed issuers would change the designs frequently. This eventually led to the appearance of new-type gambling counters, called jokoh. Porcelain money\",\n \"title\": \"Porcelain money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937858\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Mean?\\\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12437723\",\n \"text\": \"on a single instrument through multiple stops. The order is significantly altered from the original album, and \\\"Vermeer's Wife\\\" and \\\"Prawn Watching\\\" are combined into a single section. Performed by the Michael Nyman Band And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices is the eighth album released by Michael Nyman and the fifth featuring the Michael Nyman Band. \\\"And Do They Do\\\" is a modern dance work commission by Siobhan Davies and The London Contemporary Dance Theatre, which premiered at Sadler's Wells Theatre on 25 November 1986. \\\"Zoo Caprices\\\" is a multi-stop violin solo for Alexander Balanescu based\",\n \"title\": \"And Do They Do/Zoo Caprices\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10938837\",\n \"text\": \"to find her. Tipper tells Jack that she quit her job and that nobody knows where she is. He has a suspicion that she has gone to a beach (Fire Island, New York) that she told him about, the only place that makes her feel truly happy. Jack asks her to be his wife (again) and she says yes. As the two embrace, Joy says that she quit her job and has no idea what she's going to do. Jack reminds her that they have a lot of money between them. Joy states that they hit the jackpot, to which\",\n \"title\": \"What Happens in Vegas\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["thai baht"],"string":"[\n \"thai baht\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1290,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where does avril lavigne live now?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1436382","text":"made her screen acting debut in \"Fast Food Nation\" (2006). In 2008, Lavigne introduced her clothing line, Abbey Dawn, and in 2009, she released her first perfume, Black Star, which was followed by Forbidden Rose in 2010, and Wild Rose in 2011. Lavigne has been married twice: to Deryck Whibley from 2006 to 2010, and Chad Kroeger from 2013 to 2015. Lavigne was born in 1984 at Belleville, Ontario, Canada. Her mother is of English, Scottish, and German descent, and her father, Jean-Claude Joseph Lavigne, is of French-Canadian origin. She was named \"Avril\" by her father after the French word","title":"Avril Lavigne"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436382\",\n \"text\": \"made her screen acting debut in \\\"Fast Food Nation\\\" (2006). In 2008, Lavigne introduced her clothing line, Abbey Dawn, and in 2009, she released her first perfume, Black Star, which was followed by Forbidden Rose in 2010, and Wild Rose in 2011. Lavigne has been married twice: to Deryck Whibley from 2006 to 2010, and Chad Kroeger from 2013 to 2015. Lavigne was born in 1984 at Belleville, Ontario, Canada. Her mother is of English, Scottish, and German descent, and her father, Jean-Claude Joseph Lavigne, is of French-Canadian origin. She was named \\\"Avril\\\" by her father after the French word\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5967836","text":"live audio CD. All of the songs are live recordings apart from the song \"Why\", which is a B-side of \"Complicated\". DVD Avril Lavigne: My World Avril Lavigne: My World is the first Live album/DVD released by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The DVD consists of sixteen songs that Lavigne performed on her first live performance tour, the Try to Shut Me Up Tour at HSBC Arena in Buffalo, New York. Most of the tracks are taken from her debut album, \"Let Go\", while two of the songs are covers. It also features one B-side. On the live CD, three songs","title":"Avril Lavigne: My World"},{"psg_id":"5967835","text":"Avril Lavigne: My World Avril Lavigne: My World is the first Live album/DVD released by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The DVD consists of sixteen songs that Lavigne performed on her first live performance tour, the Try to Shut Me Up Tour at HSBC Arena in Buffalo, New York. Most of the tracks are taken from her debut album, \"Let Go\", while two of the songs are covers. It also features one B-side. On the live CD, three songs are covers, with one single. Total running time: 68:35 minutes. Total running time: 59:25 minutes. Some editions of the DVD contain a","title":"Avril Lavigne: My World"},{"psg_id":"17457134","text":"the only female western artist on the Top 10 list. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Avril Lavigne\". Avril Lavigne (album) Avril Lavigne is the eponymous fifth studio album by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was released on November 1, 2013 through Epic Records in North America and Sony Music Entertainment worldwide. Developed shortly after \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011), \"Avril Lavigne\" is primarily a pop record with rock influences. Lavigne collaborated with numerous producers including Martin Johnson, Peter Svensson, David Hodges, Matt Squire, and Chad Kroeger. In both musical and lyrical aspects, the album represents a departure from the acoustic-oriented","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"17457099","text":"Avril Lavigne (album) Avril Lavigne is the eponymous fifth studio album by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was released on November 1, 2013 through Epic Records in North America and Sony Music Entertainment worldwide. Developed shortly after \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011), \"Avril Lavigne\" is primarily a pop record with rock influences. Lavigne collaborated with numerous producers including Martin Johnson, Peter Svensson, David Hodges, Matt Squire, and Chad Kroeger. In both musical and lyrical aspects, the album represents a departure from the acoustic-oriented production of \"Goodbye Lullaby\", featuring a more uptempo pop sound juxtaposed with power and piano ballads. \"Avril Lavigne\" also","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"10502907","text":"Lavigne also promoted the track at the American Music Awards of 2007. Lavigne continued the promotion of the song, singing it live at the Dancing with the Stars, on Canadian Idol and at Friday Night Project. Credits adapted from \"The Best Damn Thing\" liner notes. Hot (Avril Lavigne song) \"Hot\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, taken as the third single from her third studio album, \"The Best Damn Thing\" (2007). The song was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while it was produced by Lukasz \"Dr. Luke\" Gottwald. The pop rock ballad talks about her feelings about","title":"Hot (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"18703268","text":"Fly (Avril Lavigne song) \"Fly\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released on April 16, 2015, for digital download by the Special Olympics, Inc. Lavigne released the song as a charity single for The Avril Lavigne Foundation to support the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games. The song was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges. All the proceeds from the single will be contributed to the ongoing work being done by the Avril Lavigne Foundation. \"Fly\" was written during the sessions for Lavigne's fifth studio album. It was inspired lyrically by the people","title":"Fly (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"18703274","text":"and joy of sports, so they're a natural fit for this song.\" she added. The music video for \"Fly\" was directed by Avril Lavigne and Robb Dipple. The video was premiered on \"Good Morning America\" on April 16, 2015, and shows various clips from the Special Olympics and moments of Lavigne recording the song. Avril Lavigne performed \"Fly\" for the first time at the opening ceremony of Special Olympics L.A Games 2015 on July 25. Source: Fly (Avril Lavigne song) \"Fly\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released on April 16, 2015, for digital download","title":"Fly (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436423","text":"\"Sk8er Boi\" and \"I'm with You\". Lavigne denied this, asserting that she was the primary songwriter for every song on the album, saying that \"[N]one of those songs aren't from me\". In 2007, Chantal Kreviazuk, who wrote with Lavigne on her second album, accused Lavigne of plagiarism and criticized her songwriting, saying that \"Avril doesn't really sit and write songs by herself or anything.\" Lavigne also disclaimed this, and considered taking legal action against Kreviazuk for \"clear defamation\" against her character. Kreviazuk later apologized, saying that \"Avril is an accomplished songwriter and it has been my privilege to work with","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"17909896","text":"17 (Avril Lavigne song) 17 is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her fifth studio album, \"Avril Lavigne\" (2013). It was written by Lavigne, J Kash and Martin Johnson and produced by Johnson, Moorman and Paddock. The song deals with nostalgia, with Lavigne reminiscing about numerous scenarios throughout her teenage years, especially probably to do with her first date back from 2001-2004 with Jesse Colburn, when he was in his early 20s. Critical reception was positive, with many critics considering the song to be catchy, while others feared it was not as strong as \"Here's to Never Growing","title":"17 (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436448","text":"her official Instagram account. In April 2015, she revealed to \"People\" magazine that she had been diagnosed with Lyme disease after her 30th birthday in 2014. In an interview with \"Billboard\" that same month, Lavigne said that she was in the recovery process and that she wanted to increase awareness of the disease. Current members Former members Headlining tours Promotional tours Avril Lavigne Avril Ramona Lavigne (; ; born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain and by 16, she had signed a two-album","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"1436405","text":"Me Go\" (featuring Lavigne's then-husband Chad Kroeger of Nickelback), was released in October 2013. The album, eponymously titled \"Avril Lavigne\", was released in November 2013; in Canada, it was certified gold and received a Juno Award nomination for Pop Album of the Year. The fourth and last single from \"Avril Lavigne\", \"Hello Kitty\", was released in April 2014. The music video sparked controversies. During mid 2014, Lavigne opened for boy band the Backstreet Boys' In a World Like This Tour and played at the music festival Summer Sonic in Tokyo, Japan. By March 2018, the album sold more than 500,000","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"1436379","text":"Avril Lavigne Avril Ramona Lavigne (; ; born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain and by 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million. Her debut studio album, \"Let Go\" (2002), emphasized a skate punk persona in which she has since been often referred by critics and music publications as the \"Pop Punk Queen\", due to her achievement and impact in the industry. Lavigne is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"17863613","text":"parent album, \"Bad Girl\" debuted at number 58 on the Gaon Music Charts, with 4,511 copies sold in its first week. Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song) \"Bad Girl\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne for her fifth studio album, \"Avril Lavigne\" (2013). It was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges, while the song was produced by Kroeger and Hodges and features guest vocals by American singer Marilyn Manson. After hearing \"Bad Girl\", Lavigne thought Manson would compliment the track. Manson added his vocals to the song early one morning, and Lavigne was honored to be able","title":"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17863601","text":"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song) \"Bad Girl\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne for her fifth studio album, \"Avril Lavigne\" (2013). It was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges, while the song was produced by Kroeger and Hodges and features guest vocals by American singer Marilyn Manson. After hearing \"Bad Girl\", Lavigne thought Manson would compliment the track. Manson added his vocals to the song early one morning, and Lavigne was honored to be able to collaborate with him. An nu metal and pop song with industrial rock, glam rock, and 1970s punk rock elements, \"Bad","title":"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"9532708","text":"Rock Tracks in the first week in the No. 84 position. The music video of the song was released in 2009 and is a parody of the original \"Girlfriend\" video, with band members Ali playing the \"Bad Avril\" and Matty playing the good one. Credits adapted from \"The Best Damn Thing\" liner notes. ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"3\" | Japan (RIAJ) ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"2\" | United States (RIAA) ! colspan=\"3\"| Summaries Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song) \"Girlfriend\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne and producer Dr. Luke for Lavigne's third studio album, \"The Best Damn","title":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133828","text":"following personal loans: Push (Avril Lavigne song) \"Push\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, recorded for her fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\". It was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, and its producer was Deryck Whibley. It was released as the promotional single in Japan on February 13, 2012, peaking at number 35 on the \"Billboard\" Japan Hot 100 chart. The song has received positive reviews. On March 24, 2011, Avril asked her followers from Twitter which song should be the second single of \"Goodbye Lullaby\", \"Push\" or \"Smile\". Then later, in the Polish version of the official","title":"Push (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133824","text":"Push (Avril Lavigne song) \"Push\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, recorded for her fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\". It was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, and its producer was Deryck Whibley. It was released as the promotional single in Japan on February 13, 2012, peaking at number 35 on the \"Billboard\" Japan Hot 100 chart. The song has received positive reviews. On March 24, 2011, Avril asked her followers from Twitter which song should be the second single of \"Goodbye Lullaby\", \"Push\" or \"Smile\". Then later, in the Polish version of the official site of the","title":"Push (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1960917","text":"Grip\". Let Go (Avril Lavigne album) Let Go is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was released on June 4, 2002, by Arista Records. For a year after signing a record deal with Arista, Lavigne struggled due to conflicts in musical direction. She relocated to Los Angeles, where she recorded her earlier materials for the album; the kind of sound to which the label was not amenable. She was paired to the production team The Matrix, who understood her vision for the album. The album was credited as the biggest pop debut of 2002, and was","title":"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"1960887","text":"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album) Let Go is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was released on June 4, 2002, by Arista Records. For a year after signing a record deal with Arista, Lavigne struggled due to conflicts in musical direction. She relocated to Los Angeles, where she recorded her earlier materials for the album; the kind of sound to which the label was not amenable. She was paired to the production team The Matrix, who understood her vision for the album. The album was credited as the biggest pop debut of 2002, and was certified","title":"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"3224217","text":"Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album) Under My Skin is the second studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was released on May 19, 2004, by Arista Records and RCA Records. Lavigne wrote most of the album with singer-songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk, who invited her to a Malibu in-house recording studio shared by Kreviazuk and her husband Raine Maida, where Lavigne recorded many of the songs. The album was produced by Maida, Don Gilmore, and Butch Walker. \"Under My Skin\" debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart and on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It has sold more than","title":"Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"17597756","text":"outside a mansion, before the music kicks in. The clip shows Lavigne representing a ghost of a pianist, alone in the (presumably now empty) mansion without lighting and with covered furniture, attempting to get in touch with the man she loved. This man is revealed to be the old man from the beginning, who is played by Kroeger in flashbacks to his younger self. The two appear together during the song's final chorus. Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song) \"Let Me Go\" is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne and Canadian rock band Nickelback lead vocalist Chad","title":"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"10502899","text":"responded to a lawsuit that was brought against her claiming she copied a song for her hit 'Girlfriend' and the accusations of songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk, who suggested that Lavigne ripped off one of her songs. Later, Lavigne released \"Hot\" as the album's third single, amidst the plagiarism controversies, on October 23, 2008. \"Hot\" was written by Avril Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while Lukasz \"Dr. Luke\" Gottwald produced the song. The song is a pop rock ballad, that contains new wave verses, as well as a \"punchy\" chorus, where Lavigne proclaims her lover's sweetness. In the chorus, Lavigne sings, \"You make","title":"Hot (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"14169980","text":"on 26–27 January 2010. The video was directed by Dave Meyers, which was partly filmed at the Los Angeles Arboretum. Meyers worked closely with Lavigne to create the video. His intention was to capture \"the haunting quality of the song\" on video and present it with a gothic feel. Lavigne wanted to include piano sequences to stress the instrument's contribution to the song. Footage from Burton's \"Alice in Wonderland\" was edited prominently into the video. The video premiered online on 17 February 2010. Alice (Avril Lavigne song) \"Alice\" is a song written and performed by Avril Lavigne for \"Almost Alice\",","title":"Alice (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"14169969","text":"Alice (Avril Lavigne song) \"Alice\" is a song written and performed by Avril Lavigne for \"Almost Alice\", the soundtrack to the 2010 film \"Alice in Wonderland\". An extended version was released as a hidden track on Lavigne's fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011). The song is a mid-tempo ballad sung from the perspective of the film's lead character, Alice. Lavigne wrote the song after asking Disney executives and film director Tim Burton if she could write a song for the film. The song was produced by Butch Walker and mixed by Lavigne's former husband Deryck Whibley. In January 2010, Lavigne","title":"Alice (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436437","text":"her hits \"Complicated\" and \"Girlfriend\" with Evan Taubenfeld and band member, Jim McGorman. In 2010, Lavigne was one of several artists who contributed their voices to a cover of K'naan's \"Wavin' Flag\" as a benefit single to help raise money for several charity organizations related to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. On September 14, 2010, Lavigne introduced her charity, \"The Avril Lavigne Foundation\", which aims to help young people with serious illnesses and disabilities and works with leading charitable organizations. The foundation partners with the Easter Seals, Make-A-Wish foundation and Erase MS, Lavigne has worked with the latter two. Her work","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"9856400","text":"strongly compared with American rock band Evanescence. James R. Minchin III of \"Entertainment Weekly\" spoke out that Lavigne has transformed into a dour teen who seems to have spent way too much time listening to Evanescence. Sal Cinquemani of \"Slant Magazine\" noted that Lavigne's sound was now much heavier and darker and compared her to Amy Lee, the co-founder and lead vocalist of Evanescence. Lavigne performed the acoustic version of \"Take Me Away\" at 2004 Sessions@AOL on February 29, 2004. The audio performance of the song was later included on Lavigne's fourth extended play, \"Avril Live Acoustic\", which features other","title":"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133844","text":"compared the scene where Lavigne is in the bathtub with the music video for Britney Spears song \"Everytime\" but the two scenes have different meanings. Lavigne performed the song on \"Good Morning America\" on November 22, 2011. Credits adapted from \"Goodbye Lullaby\" album liner notes. Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song) \"Wish You Were Here\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011). The song was released on September 9, 2011 by RCA Records as the third and final single from the album. \"Wish You Were Here\" was written by","title":"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17597742","text":"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song) \"Let Me Go\" is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne and Canadian rock band Nickelback lead vocalist Chad Kroeger for Lavigne's self-titled fifth studio album. It was written by Lavigne, Kroeger and David Hodges. The song was released on 15 October 2013, by Epic Records, as the third single of \"Avril Lavigne\". It is Lavigne's first single to feature a guest performer. Critics gave the piano-driven power ballad mixed reviews, with some calling it \"a monster duet\", and others criticizing Kroeger's vocals and his involvement in the track. A music video","title":"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"9532685","text":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song) \"Girlfriend\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne and producer Dr. Luke for Lavigne's third studio album, \"The Best Damn Thing\" (2007). \"Girlfriend\" was released as the lead single from the album on 27 February 2007 by Columbia and RCA Records. Lyrically, the song revolves around its protagonist having a crush on someone who is in a relationship, proclaiming she should be his girlfriend. The song has been noted to have similarities to Toni Basil's 1982 single \"Mickey\", and The Rubinoos' 1979 single \"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\". The","title":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"3224265","text":"of the Year; it lost both awards to Norah Jones's \"Don't Know Why\". In Brazil it was nominated in the category of best international video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Brazil. Complicated (Avril Lavigne song) \"Complicated\" is the debut single by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, it was released on 14 May 2002 as the lead single from her debut album, \"Let Go\". It was written by Lavigne and The Matrix (Scott Spock, Lauren Christy, and Graham Edwards), and produced by The Matrix. The single reached number one in Australia (for six weeks), New Zealand and Mexico (for nine weeks),","title":"Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"3224254","text":"Complicated (Avril Lavigne song) \"Complicated\" is the debut single by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, it was released on 14 May 2002 as the lead single from her debut album, \"Let Go\". It was written by Lavigne and The Matrix (Scott Spock, Lauren Christy, and Graham Edwards), and produced by The Matrix. The single reached number one in Australia (for six weeks), New Zealand and Mexico (for nine weeks), number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, behind \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly and number three in the United Kingdom. Based on its chart performance, the song is Lavigne's second most successful","title":"Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133823","text":"made her peak.\" Credits adapted from \"Smile\" CD single liner notes. Smile (Avril Lavigne song) \"Smile\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011). It was co-written by Lavigne, Max Martin and Shellback and produced by Martin and Shellback. \"Smile\" was released on April 11, 2011 by RCA Records as the second single from the album to Australian radio stations and then on May 17 in the United States contemporary hit radio. Upon its release, the song received critical acclaim from music critics, who described the track as a \"sassy and","title":"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133807","text":"Smile (Avril Lavigne song) \"Smile\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011). It was co-written by Lavigne, Max Martin and Shellback and produced by Martin and Shellback. \"Smile\" was released on April 11, 2011 by RCA Records as the second single from the album to Australian radio stations and then on May 17 in the United States contemporary hit radio. Upon its release, the song received critical acclaim from music critics, who described the track as a \"sassy and catchy pop song\". It has charted inside the top-thirty on the","title":"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"10502895","text":"Hot (Avril Lavigne song) \"Hot\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, taken as the third single from her third studio album, \"The Best Damn Thing\" (2007). The song was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while it was produced by Lukasz \"Dr. Luke\" Gottwald. The pop rock ballad talks about her feelings about a boyfriend, who makes her \"hot\". The song received positive reviews from music critics, who praised its \"old-style\" vibe and its anthemic nature. A version of the chorus in Mandarin was released in China and a version of the chorus in Japanese was released in","title":"Hot (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"8674778","text":"sold 12.4 million albums in the United States. Worldwide, those figures have increased to over 40 million albums and over 50 million singles sold. She has 13 vevo certified videos, including \"Girlfriend\", \"Smile\", \"Complicated\" and \"Hot\". Avril Lavigne discography Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne has released 5 studio albums, 8 extended plays, 23 singles, and 27 music videos, and she has appeared on several movie soundtracks and charity albums. Lavigne's debut studio album \"Let Go\" was released in June 2002 and peaked at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. It has sold over 16 million copies","title":"Avril Lavigne discography"},{"psg_id":"8674773","text":"Avril Lavigne discography Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne has released 5 studio albums, 8 extended plays, 23 singles, and 27 music videos, and she has appeared on several movie soundtracks and charity albums. Lavigne's debut studio album \"Let Go\" was released in June 2002 and peaked at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. It has sold over 16 million copies worldwide and is certified six-times platinum in the United States. The album's lead single, \"Complicated\", peaked at number one in Australia and at number two in the United States. Its subsequent single releases, \"Sk8er Boi\" and","title":"Avril Lavigne discography"},{"psg_id":"1436434","text":"\"Avril Lavigne's Make 5 Wishes\". She collaborated with artist Camilla d'Errico and writer Joshua Dysart on the manga, which was about a shy girl named Hana who, upon meeting her hero, Lavigne, learned to overcome her fears. Lavigne said, \"I know that many of my fans read manga, and I'm really excited to be involved in creating stories that I know they will enjoy.\" The first volume was released in April 2007, and the second followed in July 2007. The publication \"Young Adult Library Services\" nominated the series for \"Great Graphic Novels for Teens\". In September 2011, Lavigne appeared on","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"1436433","text":"River, Baly Baby, Noname and Rico Nasty. American rapper Fat Tony, explained that Lavigne's traces of influences on hip hop and rap music comes because \"she [Avril] delivered a great visual catchy package [punk music, pop music and skater culture] that describes all of them\". Rico Nasty named one of her alter egos, Trap Lavigne, citing \"She is a perfect representation of being hard and soft [...] she hated the term punk, but she was so punk rock\". Lavigne was featured in the 2003 game \"\" as a non-playable celebrity. In mid-2007, Lavigne was featured in a two-volume graphic novel,","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"17457102","text":"others. The second, \"Rock n Roll\", had less impact, while the third, \"Let Me Go\", performed well internationally, reaching the top 10 in Belgium, Czech Republic, South Korea, and Canada. Lavigne also generated publicity with a controversial music video for the Japan-only fourth single \"Hello Kitty\". To further promote the album, Lavigne embarked on her fifth concert tour, The Avril Lavigne Tour. Three months after the release of \"Goodbye Lullaby\", Lavigne announced that work on her fifth studio album had already begun, with eight songs written so far. Lavigne stated that the album would musically be the opposite of \"Goodbye","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"17863602","text":"Girl\" is about BDSM and erotic asphyxiation. Critics felt it was a departure from Lavigne's previous work. Upon its release, \"Bad Girl\" received mostly positive reviews; some critics complimented its energy while others found it nightmarish or disgusting. The song charted at 58 on the South Korean's Gaon Chart and at number 88 on \"Billboard\"s Canadian Hot 100. Lavigne performed \"Bad Girl\" during The Avril Lavigne Tour. When she was 18 years old, Avril Lavigne met American singer Marilyn Manson at one of his concerts, and eventually they became friends. Lavigne has cited \"This Is The New Shit\" (2004), a","title":"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"19345780","text":"B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album) B-Sides, also known as Let Go: B-Sides, is a promotional album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was published before debut album \"Let Go\" by Arista Records in 2002. The compilation contains demo and original tracks not included in the final \"Let Go\" release. The songs were written and produced in 2001 under the management of Nettwerk in Los Angeles by Lavigne, the production team The Matrix and songwriter Cliff Magness after Arista sent her to McBride CEO of Nettwerk in the attempt to fit her image and attitude with her voice. Though Lavigne would release","title":"B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"9857683","text":"and a Packet of Crisps\". The song is used as the background music for the third generation Toyota Alphard commercial for the Japanese market, with Kate Winslet and Selena Gomez. When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song) \"When You're Gone\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was written for Lavigne's 2007 album, \"The Best Damn Thing\". It was co-written and produced by Walker and Welch and released as the album's second single on 19 June 2007. Avril Lavigne has said the song \"is about being with someone you love, and you have to say goodbye, and all the","title":"When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"9857674","text":"When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song) \"When You're Gone\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was written for Lavigne's 2007 album, \"The Best Damn Thing\". It was co-written and produced by Walker and Welch and released as the album's second single on 19 June 2007. Avril Lavigne has said the song \"is about being with someone you love, and you have to say goodbye, and all the little things you miss about them\". The song may have been inspired by Lavigne's then-husband, Deryck Whibley, although in an interview in Northern Ireland with \"The Belfast Telegraph\" she did","title":"When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17863612","text":"Marilyn Manson.\" Chuck Eddy of \"Rolling Stone\" deemed it cartoonish and devoid of the playful spirit of \"Hello Kitty\" (2013), another song on Lavigne's self-titled album. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine found \"Bad Girl\" disgusting, partially because it was co-written by Kroeger, Lavigne's then-husband. In \"The News & Advance\", Matt Ashare opined that Manson added nothing but clichés to the \"stupidly creepy\" track. During The Avril Lavigne Tour, Lavigne performed \"Bad Girl\" in a medley with Marilyn Manson's \"The Beautiful People\" (1996). Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Avril Lavigne\" (2013), Epic Records. Along with many other songs from the","title":"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"8279519","text":"South Africa. Lavigne did not advertise the single, and because of this it failed to chart on U.S. Billboard Hot 100; it made it all the way to number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, and at number fifty-five on the Billboard Pop 100; However without video the single played a lot in radios all over US, Canada and Latin America . Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song) \"Fall to Pieces\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her second studio album, \"Under My Skin\" (2004). The song was written by Lavigne and was co-written","title":"Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"8279212","text":"Don't Tell Me (Avril Lavigne song) \"Don't Tell Me\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It is the lead single from her second studio album, \"Under My Skin\" (2004). \"Don't Tell Me\" was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while the track was produced by Butch Walker. \"Don't Tell Me\" has been noted as having a \"grungy sound\". In an AOL Radio listener's poll, \"Don't Tell Me\" was voted Lavigne's ninth best song. When asked what \"Don't Tell Me\" was about, Lavigne said: She also said in a 2007 interview: \"Don't Tell Me\" has been noted as","title":"Don't Tell Me (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"19345781","text":"Let Go through Arista, she continued with Nettwerk for her management. B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album) B-Sides, also known as Let Go: B-Sides, is a promotional album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was published before debut album \"Let Go\" by Arista Records in 2002. The compilation contains demo and original tracks not included in the final \"Let Go\" release. The songs were written and produced in 2001 under the management of Nettwerk in Los Angeles by Lavigne, the production team The Matrix and songwriter Cliff Magness after Arista sent her to McBride CEO of Nettwerk in the attempt to fit","title":"B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"1436424","text":"her.\" Shortly after that, Tommy Dunbar, founder of the band the Rubinoos, sued Lavigne, her publishing company, and Lukasz \"Dr. Luke\" Gottwald for allegedly stealing parts of \"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\" for her song \"Girlfriend\". Gottwald defended Lavigne, stating, \"me and Avril wrote the song together... It has the same chord progressions as ten different Blink-182 songs, the standard changes you'd find in a Sum 41 song. It's the Sex Pistols, not the Rubinoos.\" In January 2008, the lawsuit was closed after a confidential settlement had been reached. Lavigne's earlier influences came from country music acts such as Garth","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"1436381","text":"on to sell 10 million copies worldwide. \"The Best Damn Thing\" (2007), Lavigne's third studio album, reached number one in seven countries worldwide and saw the international success of its lead single \"Girlfriend\", which became her first single to reach the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the United States. Her fourth and fifth studio albums, \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011) and \"Avril Lavigne\" (2013), saw continued commercial success and were both certified gold in Canada, the United States, and other territories. In addition to music, Lavigne voiced Heather, a Virginia opossum, in the animated film \"Over the Hedge\" (2006), and","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"8674776","text":"the top ten in Australia, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In March 2011, Lavigne released her fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\". It was preceded by its lead single, \"What the Hell\", which peaked at number eleven on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and has sold 2.1 million copies in the United States. The album's second single, \"Smile\", was released in May 2011, and its third, \"Wish You Were Here\", was released later in September. In November 2013, Lavigne released her fifth studio album, \"Avril Lavigne\". Its lead single, \"Here's to Never Growing Up\", had moderate success peaking inside","title":"Avril Lavigne discography"},{"psg_id":"17457133","text":"to enter and peak outside the top 10 within the United Kingdom, leaving the charts after one week. As of September 2015, \"Avril Lavigne\" sold 50,000 copies, becoming the least successful album by Lavigne in the United Kingdom. In Australia, the album debuted at number 7, selling 2,829 copies and remained on the chart for two weeks. In China and Taiwan, the album debuted at the top of the charts, eventually receiving Gold and Platinum certifications in both countries, respectively. The album is the 9th best selling album of 2013 in Taiwan with sales of over 36.000 sold making Lavigne","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"17457126","text":"promotional single \"How You Remind Me\" was released in Japan on December 11, 2012, as a digital download on the \"\" soundtrack. It was released on December 19, 2013 as a digital download in the UK. The song was included in the Japan, Taiwan and China Tour Edition of the album as one of the bonus tracks. To further promote the album, Lavigne embarked on her fifth concert tour, \"The Avril Lavigne Tour\", starting in Asia, followed by South America. In the United States, Lavigne served as opening act on the Backstreet Boys tour, \"In a World Like This Tour\".","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"18703270","text":"scrapped it for a more stripped-down, vocal-driven version. According to Lavigne, the song is composed of a \"piano, orchestra and kick drum.\" In September 2014, Charles Miguel Ignacio as part of the Avril Lavigne Foundation's support for Special Olympics, Lavigne launched a campaign for her 30th birthday, which raised funds to support 30 Special Olympics athletes competing in the 2015 Special Olympics World Games. During her 2014 World Tour, Lavigne visited a local Special Olympics Program in Shanghai to learn more about their work, and met with and invited more than 200 Special Olympics athletes to her shows in 14","title":"Fly (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436431","text":"considered the biggest western artist in Asia, especially in Japan where her first three albums have sold more than 1 million copies, being the only Female Western Artist since the 2000s to achieve it. Avril Lavigne is the only artist to have performed on three different multi-sport event, such as two closing ceremonies of Winter Olympic Games (Torino 2006 and Vancouver 2010) and in the opening ceremony of the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games. The singer's influences extend beyond rock and pop to include acts such as Aly & AJ, Busted, Billie Eilish, Hilary Duff, Rob Halford (Judas Priest),","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"8279517","text":"Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song) \"Fall to Pieces\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her second studio album, \"Under My Skin\" (2004). The song was written by Lavigne and was co-written and produced by Raine Maida. It was released June 7, 2005 as the fourth single from the album in North America and select European markets, while \"He Wasn't\" was released internationally. There is no music video for the song, because the shoot for the video was cancelled. \"Fall to Pieces\" is a guitar-driven ballad set to a moderate rock tempo of 92 BPM. It was","title":"Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17441545","text":"Epic Records. Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song) \"Rock n Roll\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released as the second single from her self-titled fifth studio album by Sony Music Entertainment on August 23, 2013. The song was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Rickard B. Göransson and Peter Svensson and was produced by Peter Svensson. \"Rock n Roll\" is an upbeat pop punk song, and lyrically it is a declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her \"middle finger to the sky\" to \"let 'em know that","title":"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17441523","text":"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song) \"Rock n Roll\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released as the second single from her self-titled fifth studio album by Sony Music Entertainment on August 23, 2013. The song was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Rickard B. Göransson and Peter Svensson and was produced by Peter Svensson. \"Rock n Roll\" is an upbeat pop punk song, and lyrically it is a declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her \"middle finger to the sky\" to \"let 'em know that she's still","title":"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133829","text":"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song) \"Wish You Were Here\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \"Goodbye Lullaby\" (2011). The song was released on September 9, 2011 by RCA Records as the third and final single from the album. \"Wish You Were Here\" was written by Lavigne along with the song's producers Max Martin and Shellback. According to Lavigne, the song shows her vulnerable side. Critical reception toward the song was positive, with critics praising it as a highlight on the album. The accompanying music video for \"Wish You Were Here\"","title":"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"20999146","text":"Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song) \"Tell Me It's Over\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, released as the second single from her album \"Head Above Water\" on December 12, 2018 along with album's pre-order. It follows the album's lead single, \"Head Above Water\". Lavigne posted the cover art and announced the release date on her social media on December 5. She had previously posted pictures from the video accompanied by the line \"Cause it don't feel like it's over whenever you're closing the door\". The cover art features a black-and-white photograph of Lavigne sitting cross-legged on","title":"Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"3224230","text":"some shows, Lavigne covered songs such as \"American Idiot\" by Green Day and \"All the Small Things\" by Blink-182. The live performance at the Budokan Stadium was recorded on the DVD \"\", which was only made available in Japan. Note: Three versions of the album were released to streaming service Spotify: The regular album, a version with the bonus track \"I Always Get What I Want\" and the regular album with a new mix of \"Nobody's Home\" titled \"Nobody's Home - NEW MIX\" This list of credits is based on barnesandnoble.com. Musicians Production Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album) Under","title":"Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"8279425","text":"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song) \"Nobody's Home\" is Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne's third single from her second album \"Under My Skin\" (2004). The track features Daniel Stern on guitar and was produced by Don Gilmore and written by Lavigne and Ben Moody, former Evanescence guitarist and Lavigne's then-current good friend. \"Nobody's Home\" is a \"rock ballad\" oriented song and is generally slower paced than her previous singles from \"Under My Skin\". One of this song's B-sides, \"I Always Get What I Want\", was released as a single on iTunes on 31 October 2004. In an AOL Radio listener's poll, \"Nobody's","title":"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"8279430","text":"dryer, \"A+D\" can be seen inside a heart that is written on the bathroom wall. The other outcast runaway is real-life friend Monique, who also appeared as one of the young women in the \"My Happy Ending\" video. Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song) \"Nobody's Home\" is Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne's third single from her second album \"Under My Skin\" (2004). The track features Daniel Stern on guitar and was produced by Don Gilmore and written by Lavigne and Ben Moody, former Evanescence guitarist and Lavigne's then-current good friend. \"Nobody's Home\" is a \"rock ballad\" oriented song and is generally slower","title":"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"20999148","text":"by some of the timeless queens I listen to everyday at home, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Aretha Franklin and Etta James.\" The song's accompanying music video premiered on December 12, 2018, on Lavigne's YouTube channel. It was directed by Erica Silverman. It finds Lavigne sharing a love-filled Christmas with her boyfriend before things start to fall apart and he smashes her phone on the ground amid another fight. Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song) \"Tell Me It's Over\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, released as the second single from her album \"Head Above Water\" on December","title":"Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17457130","text":"favorite album for anyone other than Avril Lavigne's most ardent admirers, but a handful of great summer mixtape songs and a few other exercises in mindless pop fun are still enough to make 'Avril Lavigne' the eponymous singer's best record in nine years.\" Caroline Sullivan of \"The Guardian\" echoed the same thought, calling the \"bratty nostalgia trip\", \"the best thing she's done in years.\" In a more negative review, Chuck Eddy of \"Rolling Stone\" found that the album features \"soggy ballads, sometimes vaguely goth or R&B, and tries in vain to keep up with Taylor Swift,\" but praised \"Hello Kitty\"","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"8279429","text":"runaway is seen trying to get inside parked cars, eventually finding an unlocked one, during heavy rain. At the end of the video, the girl, with dirty clothes and messy hair, is shown with a tear rolling down her cheek. She then turns around and walks away as the camera fades out. During the video Avril was wearing the T-shirt with logo of Moscow. Russian word \"Москва\" was printed on Avril's T-shirt. At the beginning of the video, one can see \"A+D\", for Lavigne's then-boyfriend, now ex-husband, Deryck Whibley. Next, in the bathroom scene where Lavigne is using the hand","title":"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"9856394","text":"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song) \"Take Me Away\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, taken as a promotional single from her second studio album \"Under My Skin\" (2004). It was written by herself and Evan Taubenfeld, whilst production was handled by Don Gilmore. The song has a metal sound and started playing on Canadian rock radio in March 2004, at around the same time that the album's lead single, \"Don't Tell Me\", was being promoted. The song was also included as the B-side on the physical release of \"Don't Tell Me\" in many regions, and re-released digitally","title":"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133812","text":"as the bold melodic choruses for which the 26-year-old is known.\" Andy Greenwald from \"Entertainment Weekly\" said that: \"The sassy 'Smile,' with its talk of doctored drinks and blackout tattoos, restore Avril to her rightful place ahead of Katy Perry and Ke$ha.\" Scott Shelter from Pop Crunch was largely positive, rating it 9 stars (out of 10), saying that: \"'Smile' is yet another catchy pop song from Lavigne, who's been scoring hits for nearly a decade now, far longer than most would have predicted when she hit the scene as a spunky teen with songs like 'Complicated' and 'Sk8er Boi.'\"","title":"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17441544","text":"the performance of the track.\" Lavigne also performed the song on \"Extra\", when she stopped by Universal Studios Hollywood to talk with Mario Lopez about her album. On 30 September 2013, Lavigne performed the track on \"The Queen Latifah Show\". Mike Wass of Idolator commented that the singer performed the song for \"a less than appreciative audience,\" praising Lavigne, which according to her, \"looked and sounded great but it was hard to watch her belt out an ode to never growing up while the crowd clapped along like church parishioners.\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Avril Lavigne\" (2013),","title":"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1960898","text":"she really pleased, and the songs show her point of view. ... Avril has always been confident about her ideas.\" Although she needed pop songs \"to break\" into the industry, Lavigne felt \"Complicated\" does not reflect her and her songwriting skills. Nonetheless, she was grateful for the song as it successfully launched her career. She favors more \"Losing Grip\", because \"it means so much more when it comes straight from the artist\". The album was released on 4 June 2002, in Canada and the United States. Later, on 22 July, \"Let Go\" hit record stores worldwide, and on 26 August","title":"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"9532696","text":"MTV Video Music Awards 2007. It won Most Addictive Track (Single of the Year) at the MTV Europe Music Awards. On 25 May 2007 Lavigne, Gottwald, RCA Records, and Apple Inc. were sued by James Gangwer and Tommy Dunbar (songwriters for The Rubinoos) over claims that \"Girlfriend\" infringed their copyright on their 1979 song \"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\". Lavigne's manager, Terry McBride, denied that \"Girlfriend\" was copied from \"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\", and pointed out that \"Boyfriend\" itself is similar to The Rolling Stones' song \"Get off of My Cloud\". In addition, Avril Lavigne herself posted on MySpace","title":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133819","text":"session on July 13. She then flew to Japan to perform the song at TV Asahi's weekly music program, \"Music Station\", on February 3, 2012. The music video was shot on April 21, 2011, and was directed by Shane Drake. Lavigne uploaded videos on her YouTube account of the set of the video. On May 16, she posted a video titled \"Ready, Set, Smile!\". On May 17, she posted another video, titled \"Smile & Style\". On May 18, she posted the third video, titled \"Graffiti Guitar\", and the fourth video, \"Avril Lavigne - \"Smile\" Behind the Scenes\" was viewed more","title":"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17909901","text":"'17', which yearningly gazes back at the time she met her teenage sk8er boi.\" Writer Sam Lansky described \"17\" as the \"most promising track\" from the album. Nick Catucci of \"Entertainment Weekly\" described the song to be \"near perfect,\" and had \"hyper acoustic thrum benefits from a spritz of the wistful.\" The song debuted in the number four position of the Gaon Chart, with 25,666 downloads in the first week, remaining on the chart for two months. As of March 2014, there have been more than 61,531 downloads. 17 (Avril Lavigne song) 17 is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril","title":"17 (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"15133842","text":"the Hell' and 'Smile,' this latest cut from the \"Goodbye Lullaby\" album is a bit somber.\" Melinda Newman of HitFix concluded that Lavigne \"looks beautifully anguished, but that's a lot of screen time and focus for any one artist to try to carry off.\" However, she added that the video doesn't \"look as awkward as she did in the horrible video for 'What The Hell.'\" Amy Sciarretto of Pop Crush said: \"It's a somber video with Avril as the only star, in a sad, dark place. It certainly resonates, though! Even a perky pop star like Avril Lavigne immune to","title":"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436426","text":"Blind and Matchbox Twenty. Because of these influences, musical genres, and Lavigne's personal style, the media often defined her as punk, something she denied being. Lavigne's close friend and guitarist, Evan Taubenfeld, said, \"It's a very touchy subject to a lot of people, but the point is that Avril isn't punk, but she never really pretended to claim to come from that scene. She had pop punk music and the media ended up doing the rest\". Lavigne commented on the matter: \"I have been labeled like I'm this angry girl, [a] rebel ... punk, and I am \"so\" not any","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"17863606","text":"he knew what he wanted to add to the track. The singer was honored to be able to work with Manson and was pleased with his vocal performance on the track; she told MTV News that \"Bad Girl\" is one of her favorite songs on the \"Avril Lavigne\" album. \"Bad Girl\" was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges, with production being handled by Kroeger and Hodges. The song features guest vocals by American industrial rock singer Marilyn Manson. \"Bad Girl\" is a nu metal and pop song which features elements of industrial rock, glam rock, and 1970s punk","title":"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1960897","text":"aren't from me.\" The Matrix, who produced six songs for Lavigne, five of which appear in the album, had another explanation of how the collaboration went. According to them, they wrote much of the portions in the three singles: \"Complicated\", \"Sk8er Boi\", and \"I'm with You\", which were conceived using a guitar and piano. Christy said, \"Avril would come in and sing a few melodies, change a word here or there.\" Reid complemented the issue over the credits: \"If I'm looking for a single for an artist, I don't care who writes it. Avril had the freedom to do as","title":"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"9532699","text":"with a rebellious persona and black hair (also Lavigne). The video begins inside a family fun entertainment center where the red-haired girl and her boyfriend are walking together. The black-haired girl sees her and shows her an intimidating disposition, to which the former ignores. As the couple walk away, the black-haired Lavigne begins to sing the song and tries her luck on the red-haired girl's boyfriend. Featured in the video are scenes of black-haired Lavigne fighting over the man with the red-haired Lavigne and trying to outdo her repeatedly. Between the scenes we see Lavigne, now with pink-streaked blonde hair,","title":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436395","text":"the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and became a number-one pop radio hit. The third single, \"Nobody's Home\", did not manage to make the top 40 in the US and performed moderately elsewhere. During early 2004 Lavigne went on the 'Live and By Surprise' acoustic mall tour in the US and Canada to promote \"Under My Skin\", accompanied by her guitarist Evan Taubenfeld. In late 2004, Lavigne embarked on her first world tour, the year-long Bonez Tour. Lavigne won two World Music Awards in 2004, for 'World's Best Pop/Rock Artist' and 'World's Bestselling Canadian Artist', and won three Juno Awards from five","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"15133843","text":"sadness that comes with separation.\" According to Derek Johnson of \"Long Island Press\" was \"heating up the Internet\" with one million views on YouTube because Lavigne \"is showing another side to fans\". Writing for \"Dose\", \"Ottawa Citizen\" and \"The Vancouver Sun\", Leah Collins gave the video a mixed review saying that Lavigne is \"feeling a bit more mall-emo than mall-punk\". She added that Lavigne used \"pyromania in the opening scenes, torching a gerbera daisy while wanly singing of lost love\" before concluding \"What's an Avril video without at least one act of age-inappropriate mischief, anyway?\". Pop Dusts Katherine St Asaph","title":"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17863608","text":"like the soundtrack to that bit in every corny teen movie where the good girl decides it's time to 'let loose' and hit the town.\" Noting that the song was co-written by Nickelback's frontman Kroeger, AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine felt that \"Bad Girl\" is one of several tracks on its parent album which has the \"blunt force hooks and bad taste\" of a Nickelback song. Conversely, Jon Caramanica of \"The New York Times\" felt that Kroeger's impact on the track, and most of the \"Avril Lavigne\" album, is \"negligible.\" Tiffany Bentley of Metal Insider connected the song's lyrics to the","title":"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17457131","text":"for feeling \"truly playful.\" Kyle Fowle of \"Slant Magazine\" also found the exploration of life-affirming mantras and boasts of rebelliousness \"forced, as if she's trying to capture an attitude, and craft a persona, that she no longer lives.\" \"Avril Lavigne\" debuted at number five on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling over 44,000 copies, becoming Lavigne's fifth straight top 10 album. However, it also heralded her lowest peak and first-week sales on the chart. In its second week, the album dropped from number 5 to number 26. As of September 2015, the album has sold 156,000 copies in the United","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"17457101","text":"Lavigne's career. It also peaked at number two in Japan, selling 47,873 copies in its first week, the highest opening for the album in a particular country. Worldwide, the album impacted moderately on the charts, reaching the top-ten in over twelve countries, while peaking at number one in China and Taiwan. Three singles were released from \"Avril Lavigne\" worldwide. \"Here's to Never Growing Up\" was released as the lead single in April 2013 and was an international success, reaching number one on the Taiwan and Philippines charts, while reaching the top ten in Belgium, China, Ireland, Japan and Russia among","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"17457100","text":"incorporates electronic music, industrial and punk rock. The album features two vocal collaborations: Kroeger and American industrial metal singer Marilyn Manson. The album marks her first and only release through Epic Records. \"Avril Lavigne\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many praising its carefree, feel-good vibe while others criticized its \"rebellious\" attitude in some tracks, calling it forced and unnatural. The album debuted at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 44,000 copies in its first week. While this proved to be her fifth consecutive top-five album on the chart, it also tallied the lowest first-week sales of","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"9532701","text":"entrance) to give her more time. The couple are now seen eating together, where black-haired Lavigne sees them yet again, throws the food away and kisses the red-haired girl's boyfriend, much to the latter's surprise and anger. It is nighttime when the couple decide to head over to a miniature golf course to while away some time playing, where the red-haired girl cheerfully wins. Unfortunately for her, black-haired Lavigne and her friends happen to be present at the venue as well. As soon as she and her friends see them, black-haired Lavigne hits her in the head with a golf","title":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436387","text":"basement. Jowett arranged for Lavigne to work with producer Peter Zizzo during the summer of 2000 in New York, where she wrote the song \"Why\". Lavigne was noticed by Arista Records during a trip to New York. In November 2000, Ken Krongard, an A&R representative, invited Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid, then head of Arista Records, to Zizzo's Manhattan studio to hear Lavigne sing. Her 15-minute audition \"so impressed\" Reid that he immediately signed her to Arista with a deal worth $1.25 million for two albums and an extra $900,000 for a publishing advance. By this time, Lavigne had found that she","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"9856396","text":"Australia, Japan and Europe. On May 24, 2004, the track was re-released as a digital download on the iTunes Store as the promotional single for \"Under My Skin\", which was released on the next day. The tracks \"I Always Get What I Want\" and 'He Wasn't\", which also appeared on the parent album, were also released digitally on the same date. According to the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), Lavigne has recorded another song also titled \"Take Me Away\". It was written by Avril Lavigne and the music production team The Matrix (credited under all three members' name Graham Edwards,","title":"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17597744","text":"views on Vevo as of October 2016. \"Let Me Go\" was released as the third single from Lavigne's self-titled fifth studio album on 15 October 2013, after the release of the first two singles, \"Here's to Never Growing Up\" and \"Rock N Roll\". Lavigne described it as a piano ballad and one of her favorite songs from \"Avril Lavigne\". \"Let Me Go\" features vocals from Lavigne's husband, Nickelback frontman Chad Kroeger, whom she married in July 2013. The song was first written in March 2013 and was originally going to be about letting go of someone, but after Lavigne's and","title":"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17441541","text":"Zane).\" Sam Lansky of \"Idolator\" also enjoyed the video, writing that, \" It’s colorful, flashy and surprisingly funny, and it shows why Avril’s self-aware teenage brat routine is so irresistible.\" Bill Lamb of \"About.com\" wrote the video \"is all charming, humorous, action packed fun.\" Samantha Martin of \"Pop Dust\" wrote \"the video is the weirdest and also the greatest\", expressing that, \"[...] when Avril Lavigne makes things more complicated, she ends up with a masterpiece.\" Nicole James of \"Fuse\" called it \"a mind-boggling hodgepodge of weird moments,\" writing that Avril \"wins this one.\" In a negative review, Melinda Newman of","title":"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1436441","text":"she began her second album, \"Under My Skin\", trading her skating outfits for black tutus and developing an image marked by angst. During \"The Best Damn Thing\" years, Lavigne changed directions. She dyed her hair blonde with a pink streak, wore feminine outfits, including \"tight jeans and heels\", and modelled for magazines such as \"Harper's Bazaar\". Lavigne defended her new style: \"I don't really regret anything. You know, the ties and the wife-beaters and all ... It had its time and place. And now I'm all grown up, and I've moved on\". Lavigne has been the subject of a conspiracy","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"17457103","text":"Lullaby\", with a release date rumored for sometime in 2012. Lavigne explained, \"\"Goodbye Lullaby\" was more mellow, [but] the next one will be pop and more fun again. I already have a song that I know is going to be a single, I just need to re-record it!\" In late 2011, Lavigne confirmed that she had moved to Epic Records, which is now headed by L.A. Reid, who signed Lavigne to Arista Records in 2000. In August 2012, it was reported that Lavigne had completed work on the album, stating on her Twitter, \"That's a wrap boyz @hodgesmusic and chad","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"17457119","text":"a series of live performances. First, she went to Los Angeles' famed Sunset Strip club, \"the Viper Room\", performing a range of tracks, including \"17\". On September 21, 2013, Lavigne performed on the iHeart Radio Festival, performing \"Here's to Never Growing Up\", \"Rock n Roll\" and other hits. On October 2013, Lavigne performed at \"We Day 2013\", which took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She performed \"Let Me Go\" with Chad Kroeger, as well as \"Girlfriend\" and \"Here's to Never Growing Up\". On November 5, 2013, during the album's release day in the United States, Lavigne performed \"Let Me","title":"Avril Lavigne (album)"},{"psg_id":"1436415","text":"first album, I realized how much fashion was involved in my musical career\". The designs were also featured on the Internet game \"Stardoll\", where figures can be dressed up as Lavigne. On September 14, 2009, Lavigne took her then latest collection for her clothing line to be a part of the New York Fashion Week, returning in 2011. In December 2010, the clothing line was made available to over 50 countries through the line's official website. \"It's fun to be a chick and design clothes and things I'd like for myself. I design things I [can't] find.\" Lavigne released her","title":"Avril Lavigne"},{"psg_id":"17909898","text":"\"Avril Lavigne\" singles that preceded it, '17' is stunningly arranged, swirling a steady beat, long acoustic strums and yelping vocals that reflects the mischievous glow of youth.\" \"Idolator\" also gave a positive review, claiming that \"'17' desperately needs a proper single treatment, but maybe it would be better to wait until the spring to do it — if ever a song were destined for summer singalongs, it's this one.' Starpulse.com was also mixed-to-positive. While \"17\" was claimed to be \"enjoyable\", it was noted that it \"falls a shade below 'Rock N Roll' or 'Here's To Never Growing Up'.\" Sputnikmusic.com commented","title":"17 (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"17909897","text":"Up\" and \"Rock n Roll\". \"17\" is currently Lavigne's biggest-selling non-single song from her album in Asia, debuting within the top-five of the South Korean Goan Chart. The song was first performed during a surprise performance at The Viper Room in Los Angeles. \"17\" received critical acclaim, with many critics complimenting its catchy nature. When reviewing its parent album, Billboard gave \"17\" a positive review, writing that \"Avril Lavigne was 17 when she was putting together the songs on her 2002 debut \"Let Go\", and the 29-year-old looks back on those wistfully on the immaculately-produced pop-rock track '17'. Like the","title":"17 (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"9532700","text":"singing with her band accompanying her at the back. The video also featured this Lavigne and her friends dancing in a restroom. After the starting scene, the video shows them at Li'l Indy, where they ride go-carts. Here, black-haired Lavigne is seen viciously bumping the car of the red-haired Lavigne, causing her to spin around and lose control. Next, the red-haired Lavigne and her boyfriend get inside a photo booth where black-haired Lavigne slips in and grabs the red-haired girl away before they take pictures. Black-haired Lavigne's friends then block the red-haired girl's way (by positioning themselves at the booth","title":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"1960890","text":"relocated to Los Angeles, where she collaborated with songwriter and producer Clif Magness, who gave her ample creative control in the writing process. Lavigne and Magness wrote \"Losing Grip\" and \"Unwanted\", songs that she deemed reflective of her vision for the entire album. However, Arista was not thrilled with the heavy-guitar laden songs that Lavigne was writing, prompting the label to look for other producers to match their demands. Now two years since she signed the deal, Lavigne, who was then unknown, came to the attention of the three-piece production team The Matrix. Arista could not find the right direction","title":"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)"},{"psg_id":"9532698","text":"common and widely used lyrics\" and that they \"completely exonerate Lavigne and Gottwald from any wrongdoing of any kind in connection with the claims made by us in our lawsuit.\" An undisclosed settlement was reached between Lavigne and the Rubinoos in January 2008. The music video was directed by The Malloys and filmed at Golf N' Stuff in Norwalk, California. They praised the video for \"sounding different than most female artist at the time and for its very punk rock-pop feel, something she does better than anybody.\" It features two girls: one with glasses and red hair (Lavigne), and one","title":"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"},{"psg_id":"8734376","text":"1994. Dion is also performing \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\" in her current Las Vegas residency show, \"Celine\". On 13 May 1992, \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\" received an ASCAP Pop Award for the most-performed ASCAP song during the 1991 survey year (1 October 1990 – 30 September 1991). Additionally, Dion's performance of \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\" at the Juno Awards of 1991 was nominated for the Gemini Award in category Best Performance in a Variety Program or Series. Where Does My Heart Beat Now \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\" is a song performed by","title":"Where Does My Heart Beat Now"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5967836\",\n \"text\": \"live audio CD. All of the songs are live recordings apart from the song \\\"Why\\\", which is a B-side of \\\"Complicated\\\". DVD Avril Lavigne: My World Avril Lavigne: My World is the first Live album/DVD released by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The DVD consists of sixteen songs that Lavigne performed on her first live performance tour, the Try to Shut Me Up Tour at HSBC Arena in Buffalo, New York. Most of the tracks are taken from her debut album, \\\"Let Go\\\", while two of the songs are covers. It also features one B-side. On the live CD, three songs\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne: My World\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5967835\",\n \"text\": \"Avril Lavigne: My World Avril Lavigne: My World is the first Live album/DVD released by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The DVD consists of sixteen songs that Lavigne performed on her first live performance tour, the Try to Shut Me Up Tour at HSBC Arena in Buffalo, New York. Most of the tracks are taken from her debut album, \\\"Let Go\\\", while two of the songs are covers. It also features one B-side. On the live CD, three songs are covers, with one single. Total running time: 68:35 minutes. Total running time: 59:25 minutes. Some editions of the DVD contain a\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne: My World\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457134\",\n \"text\": \"the only female western artist on the Top 10 list. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\". Avril Lavigne (album) Avril Lavigne is the eponymous fifth studio album by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was released on November 1, 2013 through Epic Records in North America and Sony Music Entertainment worldwide. Developed shortly after \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011), \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" is primarily a pop record with rock influences. Lavigne collaborated with numerous producers including Martin Johnson, Peter Svensson, David Hodges, Matt Squire, and Chad Kroeger. In both musical and lyrical aspects, the album represents a departure from the acoustic-oriented\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457099\",\n \"text\": \"Avril Lavigne (album) Avril Lavigne is the eponymous fifth studio album by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was released on November 1, 2013 through Epic Records in North America and Sony Music Entertainment worldwide. Developed shortly after \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011), \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" is primarily a pop record with rock influences. Lavigne collaborated with numerous producers including Martin Johnson, Peter Svensson, David Hodges, Matt Squire, and Chad Kroeger. In both musical and lyrical aspects, the album represents a departure from the acoustic-oriented production of \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\", featuring a more uptempo pop sound juxtaposed with power and piano ballads. \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" also\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10502907\",\n \"text\": \"Lavigne also promoted the track at the American Music Awards of 2007. Lavigne continued the promotion of the song, singing it live at the Dancing with the Stars, on Canadian Idol and at Friday Night Project. Credits adapted from \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\" liner notes. Hot (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Hot\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, taken as the third single from her third studio album, \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\" (2007). The song was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while it was produced by Lukasz \\\"Dr. Luke\\\" Gottwald. The pop rock ballad talks about her feelings about\",\n \"title\": \"Hot (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18703268\",\n \"text\": \"Fly (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Fly\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released on April 16, 2015, for digital download by the Special Olympics, Inc. Lavigne released the song as a charity single for The Avril Lavigne Foundation to support the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games. The song was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges. All the proceeds from the single will be contributed to the ongoing work being done by the Avril Lavigne Foundation. \\\"Fly\\\" was written during the sessions for Lavigne's fifth studio album. It was inspired lyrically by the people\",\n \"title\": \"Fly (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18703274\",\n \"text\": \"and joy of sports, so they're a natural fit for this song.\\\" she added. The music video for \\\"Fly\\\" was directed by Avril Lavigne and Robb Dipple. The video was premiered on \\\"Good Morning America\\\" on April 16, 2015, and shows various clips from the Special Olympics and moments of Lavigne recording the song. Avril Lavigne performed \\\"Fly\\\" for the first time at the opening ceremony of Special Olympics L.A Games 2015 on July 25. Source: Fly (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Fly\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released on April 16, 2015, for digital download\",\n \"title\": \"Fly (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436423\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sk8er Boi\\\" and \\\"I'm with You\\\". Lavigne denied this, asserting that she was the primary songwriter for every song on the album, saying that \\\"[N]one of those songs aren't from me\\\". In 2007, Chantal Kreviazuk, who wrote with Lavigne on her second album, accused Lavigne of plagiarism and criticized her songwriting, saying that \\\"Avril doesn't really sit and write songs by herself or anything.\\\" Lavigne also disclaimed this, and considered taking legal action against Kreviazuk for \\\"clear defamation\\\" against her character. Kreviazuk later apologized, saying that \\\"Avril is an accomplished songwriter and it has been my privilege to work with\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17909896\",\n \"text\": \"17 (Avril Lavigne song) 17 is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her fifth studio album, \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" (2013). It was written by Lavigne, J Kash and Martin Johnson and produced by Johnson, Moorman and Paddock. The song deals with nostalgia, with Lavigne reminiscing about numerous scenarios throughout her teenage years, especially probably to do with her first date back from 2001-2004 with Jesse Colburn, when he was in his early 20s. Critical reception was positive, with many critics considering the song to be catchy, while others feared it was not as strong as \\\"Here's to Never Growing\",\n \"title\": \"17 (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436448\",\n \"text\": \"her official Instagram account. In April 2015, she revealed to \\\"People\\\" magazine that she had been diagnosed with Lyme disease after her 30th birthday in 2014. In an interview with \\\"Billboard\\\" that same month, Lavigne said that she was in the recovery process and that she wanted to increase awareness of the disease. Current members Former members Headlining tours Promotional tours Avril Lavigne Avril Ramona Lavigne (; ; born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain and by 16, she had signed a two-album\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436405\",\n \"text\": \"Me Go\\\" (featuring Lavigne's then-husband Chad Kroeger of Nickelback), was released in October 2013. The album, eponymously titled \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\", was released in November 2013; in Canada, it was certified gold and received a Juno Award nomination for Pop Album of the Year. The fourth and last single from \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\", \\\"Hello Kitty\\\", was released in April 2014. The music video sparked controversies. During mid 2014, Lavigne opened for boy band the Backstreet Boys' In a World Like This Tour and played at the music festival Summer Sonic in Tokyo, Japan. By March 2018, the album sold more than 500,000\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436379\",\n \"text\": \"Avril Lavigne Avril Ramona Lavigne (; ; born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain and by 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million. Her debut studio album, \\\"Let Go\\\" (2002), emphasized a skate punk persona in which she has since been often referred by critics and music publications as the \\\"Pop Punk Queen\\\", due to her achievement and impact in the industry. Lavigne is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17863613\",\n \"text\": \"parent album, \\\"Bad Girl\\\" debuted at number 58 on the Gaon Music Charts, with 4,511 copies sold in its first week. Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Bad Girl\\\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne for her fifth studio album, \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" (2013). It was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges, while the song was produced by Kroeger and Hodges and features guest vocals by American singer Marilyn Manson. After hearing \\\"Bad Girl\\\", Lavigne thought Manson would compliment the track. Manson added his vocals to the song early one morning, and Lavigne was honored to be able\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17863601\",\n \"text\": \"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Bad Girl\\\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne for her fifth studio album, \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" (2013). It was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges, while the song was produced by Kroeger and Hodges and features guest vocals by American singer Marilyn Manson. After hearing \\\"Bad Girl\\\", Lavigne thought Manson would compliment the track. Manson added his vocals to the song early one morning, and Lavigne was honored to be able to collaborate with him. An nu metal and pop song with industrial rock, glam rock, and 1970s punk rock elements, \\\"Bad\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9532708\",\n \"text\": \"Rock Tracks in the first week in the No. 84 position. The music video of the song was released in 2009 and is a parody of the original \\\"Girlfriend\\\" video, with band members Ali playing the \\\"Bad Avril\\\" and Matty playing the good one. Credits adapted from \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\" liner notes. ! scope=\\\"row\\\" rowspan=\\\"3\\\" | Japan (RIAJ) ! scope=\\\"row\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\" | United States (RIAA) ! colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Summaries Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Girlfriend\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne and producer Dr. Luke for Lavigne's third studio album, \\\"The Best Damn\",\n \"title\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133828\",\n \"text\": \"following personal loans: Push (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Push\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, recorded for her fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\". It was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, and its producer was Deryck Whibley. It was released as the promotional single in Japan on February 13, 2012, peaking at number 35 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Japan Hot 100 chart. The song has received positive reviews. On March 24, 2011, Avril asked her followers from Twitter which song should be the second single of \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\", \\\"Push\\\" or \\\"Smile\\\". Then later, in the Polish version of the official\",\n \"title\": \"Push (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133824\",\n \"text\": \"Push (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Push\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, recorded for her fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\". It was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, and its producer was Deryck Whibley. It was released as the promotional single in Japan on February 13, 2012, peaking at number 35 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Japan Hot 100 chart. The song has received positive reviews. On March 24, 2011, Avril asked her followers from Twitter which song should be the second single of \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\", \\\"Push\\\" or \\\"Smile\\\". Then later, in the Polish version of the official site of the\",\n \"title\": \"Push (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1960917\",\n \"text\": \"Grip\\\". Let Go (Avril Lavigne album) Let Go is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was released on June 4, 2002, by Arista Records. For a year after signing a record deal with Arista, Lavigne struggled due to conflicts in musical direction. She relocated to Los Angeles, where she recorded her earlier materials for the album; the kind of sound to which the label was not amenable. She was paired to the production team The Matrix, who understood her vision for the album. The album was credited as the biggest pop debut of 2002, and was\",\n \"title\": \"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1960887\",\n \"text\": \"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album) Let Go is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was released on June 4, 2002, by Arista Records. For a year after signing a record deal with Arista, Lavigne struggled due to conflicts in musical direction. She relocated to Los Angeles, where she recorded her earlier materials for the album; the kind of sound to which the label was not amenable. She was paired to the production team The Matrix, who understood her vision for the album. The album was credited as the biggest pop debut of 2002, and was certified\",\n \"title\": \"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3224217\",\n \"text\": \"Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album) Under My Skin is the second studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was released on May 19, 2004, by Arista Records and RCA Records. Lavigne wrote most of the album with singer-songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk, who invited her to a Malibu in-house recording studio shared by Kreviazuk and her husband Raine Maida, where Lavigne recorded many of the songs. The album was produced by Maida, Don Gilmore, and Butch Walker. \\\"Under My Skin\\\" debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart and on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. It has sold more than\",\n \"title\": \"Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17597756\",\n \"text\": \"outside a mansion, before the music kicks in. The clip shows Lavigne representing a ghost of a pianist, alone in the (presumably now empty) mansion without lighting and with covered furniture, attempting to get in touch with the man she loved. This man is revealed to be the old man from the beginning, who is played by Kroeger in flashbacks to his younger self. The two appear together during the song's final chorus. Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Let Me Go\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne and Canadian rock band Nickelback lead vocalist Chad\",\n \"title\": \"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10502899\",\n \"text\": \"responded to a lawsuit that was brought against her claiming she copied a song for her hit 'Girlfriend' and the accusations of songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk, who suggested that Lavigne ripped off one of her songs. Later, Lavigne released \\\"Hot\\\" as the album's third single, amidst the plagiarism controversies, on October 23, 2008. \\\"Hot\\\" was written by Avril Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while Lukasz \\\"Dr. Luke\\\" Gottwald produced the song. The song is a pop rock ballad, that contains new wave verses, as well as a \\\"punchy\\\" chorus, where Lavigne proclaims her lover's sweetness. In the chorus, Lavigne sings, \\\"You make\",\n \"title\": \"Hot (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14169980\",\n \"text\": \"on 26–27 January 2010. The video was directed by Dave Meyers, which was partly filmed at the Los Angeles Arboretum. Meyers worked closely with Lavigne to create the video. His intention was to capture \\\"the haunting quality of the song\\\" on video and present it with a gothic feel. Lavigne wanted to include piano sequences to stress the instrument's contribution to the song. Footage from Burton's \\\"Alice in Wonderland\\\" was edited prominently into the video. The video premiered online on 17 February 2010. Alice (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Alice\\\" is a song written and performed by Avril Lavigne for \\\"Almost Alice\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Alice (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14169969\",\n \"text\": \"Alice (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Alice\\\" is a song written and performed by Avril Lavigne for \\\"Almost Alice\\\", the soundtrack to the 2010 film \\\"Alice in Wonderland\\\". An extended version was released as a hidden track on Lavigne's fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011). The song is a mid-tempo ballad sung from the perspective of the film's lead character, Alice. Lavigne wrote the song after asking Disney executives and film director Tim Burton if she could write a song for the film. The song was produced by Butch Walker and mixed by Lavigne's former husband Deryck Whibley. In January 2010, Lavigne\",\n \"title\": \"Alice (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436437\",\n \"text\": \"her hits \\\"Complicated\\\" and \\\"Girlfriend\\\" with Evan Taubenfeld and band member, Jim McGorman. In 2010, Lavigne was one of several artists who contributed their voices to a cover of K'naan's \\\"Wavin' Flag\\\" as a benefit single to help raise money for several charity organizations related to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. On September 14, 2010, Lavigne introduced her charity, \\\"The Avril Lavigne Foundation\\\", which aims to help young people with serious illnesses and disabilities and works with leading charitable organizations. The foundation partners with the Easter Seals, Make-A-Wish foundation and Erase MS, Lavigne has worked with the latter two. Her work\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9856400\",\n \"text\": \"strongly compared with American rock band Evanescence. James R. Minchin III of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" spoke out that Lavigne has transformed into a dour teen who seems to have spent way too much time listening to Evanescence. Sal Cinquemani of \\\"Slant Magazine\\\" noted that Lavigne's sound was now much heavier and darker and compared her to Amy Lee, the co-founder and lead vocalist of Evanescence. Lavigne performed the acoustic version of \\\"Take Me Away\\\" at 2004 Sessions@AOL on February 29, 2004. The audio performance of the song was later included on Lavigne's fourth extended play, \\\"Avril Live Acoustic\\\", which features other\",\n \"title\": \"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133844\",\n \"text\": \"compared the scene where Lavigne is in the bathtub with the music video for Britney Spears song \\\"Everytime\\\" but the two scenes have different meanings. Lavigne performed the song on \\\"Good Morning America\\\" on November 22, 2011. Credits adapted from \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" album liner notes. Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Wish You Were Here\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011). The song was released on September 9, 2011 by RCA Records as the third and final single from the album. \\\"Wish You Were Here\\\" was written by\",\n \"title\": \"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17597742\",\n \"text\": \"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Let Me Go\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne and Canadian rock band Nickelback lead vocalist Chad Kroeger for Lavigne's self-titled fifth studio album. It was written by Lavigne, Kroeger and David Hodges. The song was released on 15 October 2013, by Epic Records, as the third single of \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\". It is Lavigne's first single to feature a guest performer. Critics gave the piano-driven power ballad mixed reviews, with some calling it \\\"a monster duet\\\", and others criticizing Kroeger's vocals and his involvement in the track. A music video\",\n \"title\": \"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9532685\",\n \"text\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Girlfriend\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne and producer Dr. Luke for Lavigne's third studio album, \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\" (2007). \\\"Girlfriend\\\" was released as the lead single from the album on 27 February 2007 by Columbia and RCA Records. Lyrically, the song revolves around its protagonist having a crush on someone who is in a relationship, proclaiming she should be his girlfriend. The song has been noted to have similarities to Toni Basil's 1982 single \\\"Mickey\\\", and The Rubinoos' 1979 single \\\"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3224265\",\n \"text\": \"of the Year; it lost both awards to Norah Jones's \\\"Don't Know Why\\\". In Brazil it was nominated in the category of best international video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Brazil. Complicated (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Complicated\\\" is the debut single by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, it was released on 14 May 2002 as the lead single from her debut album, \\\"Let Go\\\". It was written by Lavigne and The Matrix (Scott Spock, Lauren Christy, and Graham Edwards), and produced by The Matrix. The single reached number one in Australia (for six weeks), New Zealand and Mexico (for nine weeks),\",\n \"title\": \"Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3224254\",\n \"text\": \"Complicated (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Complicated\\\" is the debut single by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, it was released on 14 May 2002 as the lead single from her debut album, \\\"Let Go\\\". It was written by Lavigne and The Matrix (Scott Spock, Lauren Christy, and Graham Edwards), and produced by The Matrix. The single reached number one in Australia (for six weeks), New Zealand and Mexico (for nine weeks), number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, behind \\\"Hot in Herre\\\" by Nelly and number three in the United Kingdom. Based on its chart performance, the song is Lavigne's second most successful\",\n \"title\": \"Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133823\",\n \"text\": \"made her peak.\\\" Credits adapted from \\\"Smile\\\" CD single liner notes. Smile (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Smile\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011). It was co-written by Lavigne, Max Martin and Shellback and produced by Martin and Shellback. \\\"Smile\\\" was released on April 11, 2011 by RCA Records as the second single from the album to Australian radio stations and then on May 17 in the United States contemporary hit radio. Upon its release, the song received critical acclaim from music critics, who described the track as a \\\"sassy and\",\n \"title\": \"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133807\",\n \"text\": \"Smile (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Smile\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011). It was co-written by Lavigne, Max Martin and Shellback and produced by Martin and Shellback. \\\"Smile\\\" was released on April 11, 2011 by RCA Records as the second single from the album to Australian radio stations and then on May 17 in the United States contemporary hit radio. Upon its release, the song received critical acclaim from music critics, who described the track as a \\\"sassy and catchy pop song\\\". It has charted inside the top-thirty on the\",\n \"title\": \"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10502895\",\n \"text\": \"Hot (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Hot\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, taken as the third single from her third studio album, \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\" (2007). The song was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while it was produced by Lukasz \\\"Dr. Luke\\\" Gottwald. The pop rock ballad talks about her feelings about a boyfriend, who makes her \\\"hot\\\". The song received positive reviews from music critics, who praised its \\\"old-style\\\" vibe and its anthemic nature. A version of the chorus in Mandarin was released in China and a version of the chorus in Japanese was released in\",\n \"title\": \"Hot (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8674778\",\n \"text\": \"sold 12.4 million albums in the United States. Worldwide, those figures have increased to over 40 million albums and over 50 million singles sold. She has 13 vevo certified videos, including \\\"Girlfriend\\\", \\\"Smile\\\", \\\"Complicated\\\" and \\\"Hot\\\". Avril Lavigne discography Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne has released 5 studio albums, 8 extended plays, 23 singles, and 27 music videos, and she has appeared on several movie soundtracks and charity albums. Lavigne's debut studio album \\\"Let Go\\\" was released in June 2002 and peaked at number two on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 in the United States. It has sold over 16 million copies\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8674773\",\n \"text\": \"Avril Lavigne discography Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne has released 5 studio albums, 8 extended plays, 23 singles, and 27 music videos, and she has appeared on several movie soundtracks and charity albums. Lavigne's debut studio album \\\"Let Go\\\" was released in June 2002 and peaked at number two on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 in the United States. It has sold over 16 million copies worldwide and is certified six-times platinum in the United States. The album's lead single, \\\"Complicated\\\", peaked at number one in Australia and at number two in the United States. Its subsequent single releases, \\\"Sk8er Boi\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436434\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Avril Lavigne's Make 5 Wishes\\\". She collaborated with artist Camilla d'Errico and writer Joshua Dysart on the manga, which was about a shy girl named Hana who, upon meeting her hero, Lavigne, learned to overcome her fears. Lavigne said, \\\"I know that many of my fans read manga, and I'm really excited to be involved in creating stories that I know they will enjoy.\\\" The first volume was released in April 2007, and the second followed in July 2007. The publication \\\"Young Adult Library Services\\\" nominated the series for \\\"Great Graphic Novels for Teens\\\". In September 2011, Lavigne appeared on\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436433\",\n \"text\": \"River, Baly Baby, Noname and Rico Nasty. American rapper Fat Tony, explained that Lavigne's traces of influences on hip hop and rap music comes because \\\"she [Avril] delivered a great visual catchy package [punk music, pop music and skater culture] that describes all of them\\\". Rico Nasty named one of her alter egos, Trap Lavigne, citing \\\"She is a perfect representation of being hard and soft [...] she hated the term punk, but she was so punk rock\\\". Lavigne was featured in the 2003 game \\\"\\\" as a non-playable celebrity. In mid-2007, Lavigne was featured in a two-volume graphic novel,\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457102\",\n \"text\": \"others. The second, \\\"Rock n Roll\\\", had less impact, while the third, \\\"Let Me Go\\\", performed well internationally, reaching the top 10 in Belgium, Czech Republic, South Korea, and Canada. Lavigne also generated publicity with a controversial music video for the Japan-only fourth single \\\"Hello Kitty\\\". To further promote the album, Lavigne embarked on her fifth concert tour, The Avril Lavigne Tour. Three months after the release of \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\", Lavigne announced that work on her fifth studio album had already begun, with eight songs written so far. Lavigne stated that the album would musically be the opposite of \\\"Goodbye\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17863602\",\n \"text\": \"Girl\\\" is about BDSM and erotic asphyxiation. Critics felt it was a departure from Lavigne's previous work. Upon its release, \\\"Bad Girl\\\" received mostly positive reviews; some critics complimented its energy while others found it nightmarish or disgusting. The song charted at 58 on the South Korean's Gaon Chart and at number 88 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Canadian Hot 100. Lavigne performed \\\"Bad Girl\\\" during The Avril Lavigne Tour. When she was 18 years old, Avril Lavigne met American singer Marilyn Manson at one of his concerts, and eventually they became friends. Lavigne has cited \\\"This Is The New Shit\\\" (2004), a\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19345780\",\n \"text\": \"B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album) B-Sides, also known as Let Go: B-Sides, is a promotional album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was published before debut album \\\"Let Go\\\" by Arista Records in 2002. The compilation contains demo and original tracks not included in the final \\\"Let Go\\\" release. The songs were written and produced in 2001 under the management of Nettwerk in Los Angeles by Lavigne, the production team The Matrix and songwriter Cliff Magness after Arista sent her to McBride CEO of Nettwerk in the attempt to fit her image and attitude with her voice. Though Lavigne would release\",\n \"title\": \"B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9857683\",\n \"text\": \"and a Packet of Crisps\\\". The song is used as the background music for the third generation Toyota Alphard commercial for the Japanese market, with Kate Winslet and Selena Gomez. When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"When You're Gone\\\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was written for Lavigne's 2007 album, \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\". It was co-written and produced by Walker and Welch and released as the album's second single on 19 June 2007. Avril Lavigne has said the song \\\"is about being with someone you love, and you have to say goodbye, and all the\",\n \"title\": \"When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9857674\",\n \"text\": \"When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"When You're Gone\\\" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was written for Lavigne's 2007 album, \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\". It was co-written and produced by Walker and Welch and released as the album's second single on 19 June 2007. Avril Lavigne has said the song \\\"is about being with someone you love, and you have to say goodbye, and all the little things you miss about them\\\". The song may have been inspired by Lavigne's then-husband, Deryck Whibley, although in an interview in Northern Ireland with \\\"The Belfast Telegraph\\\" she did\",\n \"title\": \"When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17863612\",\n \"text\": \"Marilyn Manson.\\\" Chuck Eddy of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" deemed it cartoonish and devoid of the playful spirit of \\\"Hello Kitty\\\" (2013), another song on Lavigne's self-titled album. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine found \\\"Bad Girl\\\" disgusting, partially because it was co-written by Kroeger, Lavigne's then-husband. In \\\"The News & Advance\\\", Matt Ashare opined that Manson added nothing but clichés to the \\\"stupidly creepy\\\" track. During The Avril Lavigne Tour, Lavigne performed \\\"Bad Girl\\\" in a medley with Marilyn Manson's \\\"The Beautiful People\\\" (1996). Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" (2013), Epic Records. Along with many other songs from the\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8279519\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa. Lavigne did not advertise the single, and because of this it failed to chart on U.S. Billboard Hot 100; it made it all the way to number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, and at number fifty-five on the Billboard Pop 100; However without video the single played a lot in radios all over US, Canada and Latin America . Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Fall to Pieces\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her second studio album, \\\"Under My Skin\\\" (2004). The song was written by Lavigne and was co-written\",\n \"title\": \"Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8279212\",\n \"text\": \"Don't Tell Me (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It is the lead single from her second studio album, \\\"Under My Skin\\\" (2004). \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\" was written by Lavigne and Evan Taubenfeld, while the track was produced by Butch Walker. \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\" has been noted as having a \\\"grungy sound\\\". In an AOL Radio listener's poll, \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\" was voted Lavigne's ninth best song. When asked what \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\" was about, Lavigne said: She also said in a 2007 interview: \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\" has been noted as\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Tell Me (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19345781\",\n \"text\": \"Let Go through Arista, she continued with Nettwerk for her management. B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album) B-Sides, also known as Let Go: B-Sides, is a promotional album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. It was published before debut album \\\"Let Go\\\" by Arista Records in 2002. The compilation contains demo and original tracks not included in the final \\\"Let Go\\\" release. The songs were written and produced in 2001 under the management of Nettwerk in Los Angeles by Lavigne, the production team The Matrix and songwriter Cliff Magness after Arista sent her to McBride CEO of Nettwerk in the attempt to fit\",\n \"title\": \"B-Sides (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436424\",\n \"text\": \"her.\\\" Shortly after that, Tommy Dunbar, founder of the band the Rubinoos, sued Lavigne, her publishing company, and Lukasz \\\"Dr. Luke\\\" Gottwald for allegedly stealing parts of \\\"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\\\" for her song \\\"Girlfriend\\\". Gottwald defended Lavigne, stating, \\\"me and Avril wrote the song together... It has the same chord progressions as ten different Blink-182 songs, the standard changes you'd find in a Sum 41 song. It's the Sex Pistols, not the Rubinoos.\\\" In January 2008, the lawsuit was closed after a confidential settlement had been reached. Lavigne's earlier influences came from country music acts such as Garth\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436381\",\n \"text\": \"on to sell 10 million copies worldwide. \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\" (2007), Lavigne's third studio album, reached number one in seven countries worldwide and saw the international success of its lead single \\\"Girlfriend\\\", which became her first single to reach the top of the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in the United States. Her fourth and fifth studio albums, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011) and \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" (2013), saw continued commercial success and were both certified gold in Canada, the United States, and other territories. In addition to music, Lavigne voiced Heather, a Virginia opossum, in the animated film \\\"Over the Hedge\\\" (2006), and\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8674776\",\n \"text\": \"the top ten in Australia, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In March 2011, Lavigne released her fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\". It was preceded by its lead single, \\\"What the Hell\\\", which peaked at number eleven on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and has sold 2.1 million copies in the United States. The album's second single, \\\"Smile\\\", was released in May 2011, and its third, \\\"Wish You Were Here\\\", was released later in September. In November 2013, Lavigne released her fifth studio album, \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\". Its lead single, \\\"Here's to Never Growing Up\\\", had moderate success peaking inside\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457133\",\n \"text\": \"to enter and peak outside the top 10 within the United Kingdom, leaving the charts after one week. As of September 2015, \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" sold 50,000 copies, becoming the least successful album by Lavigne in the United Kingdom. In Australia, the album debuted at number 7, selling 2,829 copies and remained on the chart for two weeks. In China and Taiwan, the album debuted at the top of the charts, eventually receiving Gold and Platinum certifications in both countries, respectively. The album is the 9th best selling album of 2013 in Taiwan with sales of over 36.000 sold making Lavigne\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457126\",\n \"text\": \"promotional single \\\"How You Remind Me\\\" was released in Japan on December 11, 2012, as a digital download on the \\\"\\\" soundtrack. It was released on December 19, 2013 as a digital download in the UK. The song was included in the Japan, Taiwan and China Tour Edition of the album as one of the bonus tracks. To further promote the album, Lavigne embarked on her fifth concert tour, \\\"The Avril Lavigne Tour\\\", starting in Asia, followed by South America. In the United States, Lavigne served as opening act on the Backstreet Boys tour, \\\"In a World Like This Tour\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18703270\",\n \"text\": \"scrapped it for a more stripped-down, vocal-driven version. According to Lavigne, the song is composed of a \\\"piano, orchestra and kick drum.\\\" In September 2014, Charles Miguel Ignacio as part of the Avril Lavigne Foundation's support for Special Olympics, Lavigne launched a campaign for her 30th birthday, which raised funds to support 30 Special Olympics athletes competing in the 2015 Special Olympics World Games. During her 2014 World Tour, Lavigne visited a local Special Olympics Program in Shanghai to learn more about their work, and met with and invited more than 200 Special Olympics athletes to her shows in 14\",\n \"title\": \"Fly (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436431\",\n \"text\": \"considered the biggest western artist in Asia, especially in Japan where her first three albums have sold more than 1 million copies, being the only Female Western Artist since the 2000s to achieve it. Avril Lavigne is the only artist to have performed on three different multi-sport event, such as two closing ceremonies of Winter Olympic Games (Torino 2006 and Vancouver 2010) and in the opening ceremony of the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games. The singer's influences extend beyond rock and pop to include acts such as Aly & AJ, Busted, Billie Eilish, Hilary Duff, Rob Halford (Judas Priest),\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8279517\",\n \"text\": \"Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Fall to Pieces\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne from her second studio album, \\\"Under My Skin\\\" (2004). The song was written by Lavigne and was co-written and produced by Raine Maida. It was released June 7, 2005 as the fourth single from the album in North America and select European markets, while \\\"He Wasn't\\\" was released internationally. There is no music video for the song, because the shoot for the video was cancelled. \\\"Fall to Pieces\\\" is a guitar-driven ballad set to a moderate rock tempo of 92 BPM. It was\",\n \"title\": \"Fall to Pieces (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17441545\",\n \"text\": \"Epic Records. Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Rock n Roll\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released as the second single from her self-titled fifth studio album by Sony Music Entertainment on August 23, 2013. The song was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Rickard B. Göransson and Peter Svensson and was produced by Peter Svensson. \\\"Rock n Roll\\\" is an upbeat pop punk song, and lyrically it is a declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her \\\"middle finger to the sky\\\" to \\\"let 'em know that\",\n \"title\": \"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17441523\",\n \"text\": \"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Rock n Roll\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released as the second single from her self-titled fifth studio album by Sony Music Entertainment on August 23, 2013. The song was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Rickard B. Göransson and Peter Svensson and was produced by Peter Svensson. \\\"Rock n Roll\\\" is an upbeat pop punk song, and lyrically it is a declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her \\\"middle finger to the sky\\\" to \\\"let 'em know that she's still\",\n \"title\": \"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133829\",\n \"text\": \"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Wish You Were Here\\\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne from her fourth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" (2011). The song was released on September 9, 2011 by RCA Records as the third and final single from the album. \\\"Wish You Were Here\\\" was written by Lavigne along with the song's producers Max Martin and Shellback. According to Lavigne, the song shows her vulnerable side. Critical reception toward the song was positive, with critics praising it as a highlight on the album. The accompanying music video for \\\"Wish You Were Here\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20999146\",\n \"text\": \"Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Tell Me It's Over\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, released as the second single from her album \\\"Head Above Water\\\" on December 12, 2018 along with album's pre-order. It follows the album's lead single, \\\"Head Above Water\\\". Lavigne posted the cover art and announced the release date on her social media on December 5. She had previously posted pictures from the video accompanied by the line \\\"Cause it don't feel like it's over whenever you're closing the door\\\". The cover art features a black-and-white photograph of Lavigne sitting cross-legged on\",\n \"title\": \"Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3224230\",\n \"text\": \"some shows, Lavigne covered songs such as \\\"American Idiot\\\" by Green Day and \\\"All the Small Things\\\" by Blink-182. The live performance at the Budokan Stadium was recorded on the DVD \\\"\\\", which was only made available in Japan. Note: Three versions of the album were released to streaming service Spotify: The regular album, a version with the bonus track \\\"I Always Get What I Want\\\" and the regular album with a new mix of \\\"Nobody's Home\\\" titled \\\"Nobody's Home - NEW MIX\\\" This list of credits is based on barnesandnoble.com. Musicians Production Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album) Under\",\n \"title\": \"Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8279425\",\n \"text\": \"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Nobody's Home\\\" is Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne's third single from her second album \\\"Under My Skin\\\" (2004). The track features Daniel Stern on guitar and was produced by Don Gilmore and written by Lavigne and Ben Moody, former Evanescence guitarist and Lavigne's then-current good friend. \\\"Nobody's Home\\\" is a \\\"rock ballad\\\" oriented song and is generally slower paced than her previous singles from \\\"Under My Skin\\\". One of this song's B-sides, \\\"I Always Get What I Want\\\", was released as a single on iTunes on 31 October 2004. In an AOL Radio listener's poll, \\\"Nobody's\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8279430\",\n \"text\": \"dryer, \\\"A+D\\\" can be seen inside a heart that is written on the bathroom wall. The other outcast runaway is real-life friend Monique, who also appeared as one of the young women in the \\\"My Happy Ending\\\" video. Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Nobody's Home\\\" is Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne's third single from her second album \\\"Under My Skin\\\" (2004). The track features Daniel Stern on guitar and was produced by Don Gilmore and written by Lavigne and Ben Moody, former Evanescence guitarist and Lavigne's then-current good friend. \\\"Nobody's Home\\\" is a \\\"rock ballad\\\" oriented song and is generally slower\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20999148\",\n \"text\": \"by some of the timeless queens I listen to everyday at home, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Aretha Franklin and Etta James.\\\" The song's accompanying music video premiered on December 12, 2018, on Lavigne's YouTube channel. It was directed by Erica Silverman. It finds Lavigne sharing a love-filled Christmas with her boyfriend before things start to fall apart and he smashes her phone on the ground amid another fight. Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Tell Me It's Over\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, released as the second single from her album \\\"Head Above Water\\\" on December\",\n \"title\": \"Tell Me It's Over (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457130\",\n \"text\": \"favorite album for anyone other than Avril Lavigne's most ardent admirers, but a handful of great summer mixtape songs and a few other exercises in mindless pop fun are still enough to make 'Avril Lavigne' the eponymous singer's best record in nine years.\\\" Caroline Sullivan of \\\"The Guardian\\\" echoed the same thought, calling the \\\"bratty nostalgia trip\\\", \\\"the best thing she's done in years.\\\" In a more negative review, Chuck Eddy of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" found that the album features \\\"soggy ballads, sometimes vaguely goth or R&B, and tries in vain to keep up with Taylor Swift,\\\" but praised \\\"Hello Kitty\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8279429\",\n \"text\": \"runaway is seen trying to get inside parked cars, eventually finding an unlocked one, during heavy rain. At the end of the video, the girl, with dirty clothes and messy hair, is shown with a tear rolling down her cheek. She then turns around and walks away as the camera fades out. During the video Avril was wearing the T-shirt with logo of Moscow. Russian word \\\"Москва\\\" was printed on Avril's T-shirt. At the beginning of the video, one can see \\\"A+D\\\", for Lavigne's then-boyfriend, now ex-husband, Deryck Whibley. Next, in the bathroom scene where Lavigne is using the hand\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9856394\",\n \"text\": \"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song) \\\"Take Me Away\\\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne, taken as a promotional single from her second studio album \\\"Under My Skin\\\" (2004). It was written by herself and Evan Taubenfeld, whilst production was handled by Don Gilmore. The song has a metal sound and started playing on Canadian rock radio in March 2004, at around the same time that the album's lead single, \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\", was being promoted. The song was also included as the B-side on the physical release of \\\"Don't Tell Me\\\" in many regions, and re-released digitally\",\n \"title\": \"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133812\",\n \"text\": \"as the bold melodic choruses for which the 26-year-old is known.\\\" Andy Greenwald from \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" said that: \\\"The sassy 'Smile,' with its talk of doctored drinks and blackout tattoos, restore Avril to her rightful place ahead of Katy Perry and Ke$ha.\\\" Scott Shelter from Pop Crunch was largely positive, rating it 9 stars (out of 10), saying that: \\\"'Smile' is yet another catchy pop song from Lavigne, who's been scoring hits for nearly a decade now, far longer than most would have predicted when she hit the scene as a spunky teen with songs like 'Complicated' and 'Sk8er Boi.'\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17441544\",\n \"text\": \"the performance of the track.\\\" Lavigne also performed the song on \\\"Extra\\\", when she stopped by Universal Studios Hollywood to talk with Mario Lopez about her album. On 30 September 2013, Lavigne performed the track on \\\"The Queen Latifah Show\\\". Mike Wass of Idolator commented that the singer performed the song for \\\"a less than appreciative audience,\\\" praising Lavigne, which according to her, \\\"looked and sounded great but it was hard to watch her belt out an ode to never growing up while the crowd clapped along like church parishioners.\\\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" (2013),\",\n \"title\": \"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1960898\",\n \"text\": \"she really pleased, and the songs show her point of view. ... Avril has always been confident about her ideas.\\\" Although she needed pop songs \\\"to break\\\" into the industry, Lavigne felt \\\"Complicated\\\" does not reflect her and her songwriting skills. Nonetheless, she was grateful for the song as it successfully launched her career. She favors more \\\"Losing Grip\\\", because \\\"it means so much more when it comes straight from the artist\\\". The album was released on 4 June 2002, in Canada and the United States. Later, on 22 July, \\\"Let Go\\\" hit record stores worldwide, and on 26 August\",\n \"title\": \"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9532696\",\n \"text\": \"MTV Video Music Awards 2007. It won Most Addictive Track (Single of the Year) at the MTV Europe Music Awards. On 25 May 2007 Lavigne, Gottwald, RCA Records, and Apple Inc. were sued by James Gangwer and Tommy Dunbar (songwriters for The Rubinoos) over claims that \\\"Girlfriend\\\" infringed their copyright on their 1979 song \\\"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\\\". Lavigne's manager, Terry McBride, denied that \\\"Girlfriend\\\" was copied from \\\"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\\\", and pointed out that \\\"Boyfriend\\\" itself is similar to The Rolling Stones' song \\\"Get off of My Cloud\\\". In addition, Avril Lavigne herself posted on MySpace\",\n \"title\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133819\",\n \"text\": \"session on July 13. She then flew to Japan to perform the song at TV Asahi's weekly music program, \\\"Music Station\\\", on February 3, 2012. The music video was shot on April 21, 2011, and was directed by Shane Drake. Lavigne uploaded videos on her YouTube account of the set of the video. On May 16, she posted a video titled \\\"Ready, Set, Smile!\\\". On May 17, she posted another video, titled \\\"Smile & Style\\\". On May 18, she posted the third video, titled \\\"Graffiti Guitar\\\", and the fourth video, \\\"Avril Lavigne - \\\"Smile\\\" Behind the Scenes\\\" was viewed more\",\n \"title\": \"Smile (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17909901\",\n \"text\": \"'17', which yearningly gazes back at the time she met her teenage sk8er boi.\\\" Writer Sam Lansky described \\\"17\\\" as the \\\"most promising track\\\" from the album. Nick Catucci of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" described the song to be \\\"near perfect,\\\" and had \\\"hyper acoustic thrum benefits from a spritz of the wistful.\\\" The song debuted in the number four position of the Gaon Chart, with 25,666 downloads in the first week, remaining on the chart for two months. As of March 2014, there have been more than 61,531 downloads. 17 (Avril Lavigne song) 17 is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril\",\n \"title\": \"17 (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133842\",\n \"text\": \"the Hell' and 'Smile,' this latest cut from the \\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" album is a bit somber.\\\" Melinda Newman of HitFix concluded that Lavigne \\\"looks beautifully anguished, but that's a lot of screen time and focus for any one artist to try to carry off.\\\" However, she added that the video doesn't \\\"look as awkward as she did in the horrible video for 'What The Hell.'\\\" Amy Sciarretto of Pop Crush said: \\\"It's a somber video with Avril as the only star, in a sad, dark place. It certainly resonates, though! Even a perky pop star like Avril Lavigne immune to\",\n \"title\": \"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436426\",\n \"text\": \"Blind and Matchbox Twenty. Because of these influences, musical genres, and Lavigne's personal style, the media often defined her as punk, something she denied being. Lavigne's close friend and guitarist, Evan Taubenfeld, said, \\\"It's a very touchy subject to a lot of people, but the point is that Avril isn't punk, but she never really pretended to claim to come from that scene. She had pop punk music and the media ended up doing the rest\\\". Lavigne commented on the matter: \\\"I have been labeled like I'm this angry girl, [a] rebel ... punk, and I am \\\"so\\\" not any\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17863606\",\n \"text\": \"he knew what he wanted to add to the track. The singer was honored to be able to work with Manson and was pleased with his vocal performance on the track; she told MTV News that \\\"Bad Girl\\\" is one of her favorite songs on the \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" album. \\\"Bad Girl\\\" was written by Lavigne, Chad Kroeger and David Hodges, with production being handled by Kroeger and Hodges. The song features guest vocals by American industrial rock singer Marilyn Manson. \\\"Bad Girl\\\" is a nu metal and pop song which features elements of industrial rock, glam rock, and 1970s punk\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1960897\",\n \"text\": \"aren't from me.\\\" The Matrix, who produced six songs for Lavigne, five of which appear in the album, had another explanation of how the collaboration went. According to them, they wrote much of the portions in the three singles: \\\"Complicated\\\", \\\"Sk8er Boi\\\", and \\\"I'm with You\\\", which were conceived using a guitar and piano. Christy said, \\\"Avril would come in and sing a few melodies, change a word here or there.\\\" Reid complemented the issue over the credits: \\\"If I'm looking for a single for an artist, I don't care who writes it. Avril had the freedom to do as\",\n \"title\": \"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9532699\",\n \"text\": \"with a rebellious persona and black hair (also Lavigne). The video begins inside a family fun entertainment center where the red-haired girl and her boyfriend are walking together. The black-haired girl sees her and shows her an intimidating disposition, to which the former ignores. As the couple walk away, the black-haired Lavigne begins to sing the song and tries her luck on the red-haired girl's boyfriend. Featured in the video are scenes of black-haired Lavigne fighting over the man with the red-haired Lavigne and trying to outdo her repeatedly. Between the scenes we see Lavigne, now with pink-streaked blonde hair,\",\n \"title\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436395\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and became a number-one pop radio hit. The third single, \\\"Nobody's Home\\\", did not manage to make the top 40 in the US and performed moderately elsewhere. During early 2004 Lavigne went on the 'Live and By Surprise' acoustic mall tour in the US and Canada to promote \\\"Under My Skin\\\", accompanied by her guitarist Evan Taubenfeld. In late 2004, Lavigne embarked on her first world tour, the year-long Bonez Tour. Lavigne won two World Music Awards in 2004, for 'World's Best Pop/Rock Artist' and 'World's Bestselling Canadian Artist', and won three Juno Awards from five\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15133843\",\n \"text\": \"sadness that comes with separation.\\\" According to Derek Johnson of \\\"Long Island Press\\\" was \\\"heating up the Internet\\\" with one million views on YouTube because Lavigne \\\"is showing another side to fans\\\". Writing for \\\"Dose\\\", \\\"Ottawa Citizen\\\" and \\\"The Vancouver Sun\\\", Leah Collins gave the video a mixed review saying that Lavigne is \\\"feeling a bit more mall-emo than mall-punk\\\". She added that Lavigne used \\\"pyromania in the opening scenes, torching a gerbera daisy while wanly singing of lost love\\\" before concluding \\\"What's an Avril video without at least one act of age-inappropriate mischief, anyway?\\\". Pop Dusts Katherine St Asaph\",\n \"title\": \"Wish You Were Here (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17863608\",\n \"text\": \"like the soundtrack to that bit in every corny teen movie where the good girl decides it's time to 'let loose' and hit the town.\\\" Noting that the song was co-written by Nickelback's frontman Kroeger, AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine felt that \\\"Bad Girl\\\" is one of several tracks on its parent album which has the \\\"blunt force hooks and bad taste\\\" of a Nickelback song. Conversely, Jon Caramanica of \\\"The New York Times\\\" felt that Kroeger's impact on the track, and most of the \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" album, is \\\"negligible.\\\" Tiffany Bentley of Metal Insider connected the song's lyrics to the\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Girl (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457131\",\n \"text\": \"for feeling \\\"truly playful.\\\" Kyle Fowle of \\\"Slant Magazine\\\" also found the exploration of life-affirming mantras and boasts of rebelliousness \\\"forced, as if she's trying to capture an attitude, and craft a persona, that she no longer lives.\\\" \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" debuted at number five on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart, selling over 44,000 copies, becoming Lavigne's fifth straight top 10 album. However, it also heralded her lowest peak and first-week sales on the chart. In its second week, the album dropped from number 5 to number 26. As of September 2015, the album has sold 156,000 copies in the United\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457101\",\n \"text\": \"Lavigne's career. It also peaked at number two in Japan, selling 47,873 copies in its first week, the highest opening for the album in a particular country. Worldwide, the album impacted moderately on the charts, reaching the top-ten in over twelve countries, while peaking at number one in China and Taiwan. Three singles were released from \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" worldwide. \\\"Here's to Never Growing Up\\\" was released as the lead single in April 2013 and was an international success, reaching number one on the Taiwan and Philippines charts, while reaching the top ten in Belgium, China, Ireland, Japan and Russia among\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457100\",\n \"text\": \"incorporates electronic music, industrial and punk rock. The album features two vocal collaborations: Kroeger and American industrial metal singer Marilyn Manson. The album marks her first and only release through Epic Records. \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many praising its carefree, feel-good vibe while others criticized its \\\"rebellious\\\" attitude in some tracks, calling it forced and unnatural. The album debuted at number five on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, selling 44,000 copies in its first week. While this proved to be her fifth consecutive top-five album on the chart, it also tallied the lowest first-week sales of\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9532701\",\n \"text\": \"entrance) to give her more time. The couple are now seen eating together, where black-haired Lavigne sees them yet again, throws the food away and kisses the red-haired girl's boyfriend, much to the latter's surprise and anger. It is nighttime when the couple decide to head over to a miniature golf course to while away some time playing, where the red-haired girl cheerfully wins. Unfortunately for her, black-haired Lavigne and her friends happen to be present at the venue as well. As soon as she and her friends see them, black-haired Lavigne hits her in the head with a golf\",\n \"title\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436387\",\n \"text\": \"basement. Jowett arranged for Lavigne to work with producer Peter Zizzo during the summer of 2000 in New York, where she wrote the song \\\"Why\\\". Lavigne was noticed by Arista Records during a trip to New York. In November 2000, Ken Krongard, an A&R representative, invited Antonio \\\"L.A.\\\" Reid, then head of Arista Records, to Zizzo's Manhattan studio to hear Lavigne sing. Her 15-minute audition \\\"so impressed\\\" Reid that he immediately signed her to Arista with a deal worth $1.25 million for two albums and an extra $900,000 for a publishing advance. By this time, Lavigne had found that she\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9856396\",\n \"text\": \"Australia, Japan and Europe. On May 24, 2004, the track was re-released as a digital download on the iTunes Store as the promotional single for \\\"Under My Skin\\\", which was released on the next day. The tracks \\\"I Always Get What I Want\\\" and 'He Wasn't\\\", which also appeared on the parent album, were also released digitally on the same date. According to the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), Lavigne has recorded another song also titled \\\"Take Me Away\\\". It was written by Avril Lavigne and the music production team The Matrix (credited under all three members' name Graham Edwards,\",\n \"title\": \"Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17597744\",\n \"text\": \"views on Vevo as of October 2016. \\\"Let Me Go\\\" was released as the third single from Lavigne's self-titled fifth studio album on 15 October 2013, after the release of the first two singles, \\\"Here's to Never Growing Up\\\" and \\\"Rock N Roll\\\". Lavigne described it as a piano ballad and one of her favorite songs from \\\"Avril Lavigne\\\". \\\"Let Me Go\\\" features vocals from Lavigne's husband, Nickelback frontman Chad Kroeger, whom she married in July 2013. The song was first written in March 2013 and was originally going to be about letting go of someone, but after Lavigne's and\",\n \"title\": \"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17441541\",\n \"text\": \"Zane).\\\" Sam Lansky of \\\"Idolator\\\" also enjoyed the video, writing that, \\\" It’s colorful, flashy and surprisingly funny, and it shows why Avril’s self-aware teenage brat routine is so irresistible.\\\" Bill Lamb of \\\"About.com\\\" wrote the video \\\"is all charming, humorous, action packed fun.\\\" Samantha Martin of \\\"Pop Dust\\\" wrote \\\"the video is the weirdest and also the greatest\\\", expressing that, \\\"[...] when Avril Lavigne makes things more complicated, she ends up with a masterpiece.\\\" Nicole James of \\\"Fuse\\\" called it \\\"a mind-boggling hodgepodge of weird moments,\\\" writing that Avril \\\"wins this one.\\\" In a negative review, Melinda Newman of\",\n \"title\": \"Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436441\",\n \"text\": \"she began her second album, \\\"Under My Skin\\\", trading her skating outfits for black tutus and developing an image marked by angst. During \\\"The Best Damn Thing\\\" years, Lavigne changed directions. She dyed her hair blonde with a pink streak, wore feminine outfits, including \\\"tight jeans and heels\\\", and modelled for magazines such as \\\"Harper's Bazaar\\\". Lavigne defended her new style: \\\"I don't really regret anything. You know, the ties and the wife-beaters and all ... It had its time and place. And now I'm all grown up, and I've moved on\\\". Lavigne has been the subject of a conspiracy\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457103\",\n \"text\": \"Lullaby\\\", with a release date rumored for sometime in 2012. Lavigne explained, \\\"\\\"Goodbye Lullaby\\\" was more mellow, [but] the next one will be pop and more fun again. I already have a song that I know is going to be a single, I just need to re-record it!\\\" In late 2011, Lavigne confirmed that she had moved to Epic Records, which is now headed by L.A. Reid, who signed Lavigne to Arista Records in 2000. In August 2012, it was reported that Lavigne had completed work on the album, stating on her Twitter, \\\"That's a wrap boyz @hodgesmusic and chad\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457119\",\n \"text\": \"a series of live performances. First, she went to Los Angeles' famed Sunset Strip club, \\\"the Viper Room\\\", performing a range of tracks, including \\\"17\\\". On September 21, 2013, Lavigne performed on the iHeart Radio Festival, performing \\\"Here's to Never Growing Up\\\", \\\"Rock n Roll\\\" and other hits. On October 2013, Lavigne performed at \\\"We Day 2013\\\", which took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She performed \\\"Let Me Go\\\" with Chad Kroeger, as well as \\\"Girlfriend\\\" and \\\"Here's to Never Growing Up\\\". On November 5, 2013, during the album's release day in the United States, Lavigne performed \\\"Let Me\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1436415\",\n \"text\": \"first album, I realized how much fashion was involved in my musical career\\\". The designs were also featured on the Internet game \\\"Stardoll\\\", where figures can be dressed up as Lavigne. On September 14, 2009, Lavigne took her then latest collection for her clothing line to be a part of the New York Fashion Week, returning in 2011. In December 2010, the clothing line was made available to over 50 countries through the line's official website. \\\"It's fun to be a chick and design clothes and things I'd like for myself. I design things I [can't] find.\\\" Lavigne released her\",\n \"title\": \"Avril Lavigne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17909898\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Avril Lavigne\\\" singles that preceded it, '17' is stunningly arranged, swirling a steady beat, long acoustic strums and yelping vocals that reflects the mischievous glow of youth.\\\" \\\"Idolator\\\" also gave a positive review, claiming that \\\"'17' desperately needs a proper single treatment, but maybe it would be better to wait until the spring to do it — if ever a song were destined for summer singalongs, it's this one.' Starpulse.com was also mixed-to-positive. While \\\"17\\\" was claimed to be \\\"enjoyable\\\", it was noted that it \\\"falls a shade below 'Rock N Roll' or 'Here's To Never Growing Up'.\\\" Sputnikmusic.com commented\",\n \"title\": \"17 (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17909897\",\n \"text\": \"Up\\\" and \\\"Rock n Roll\\\". \\\"17\\\" is currently Lavigne's biggest-selling non-single song from her album in Asia, debuting within the top-five of the South Korean Goan Chart. The song was first performed during a surprise performance at The Viper Room in Los Angeles. \\\"17\\\" received critical acclaim, with many critics complimenting its catchy nature. When reviewing its parent album, Billboard gave \\\"17\\\" a positive review, writing that \\\"Avril Lavigne was 17 when she was putting together the songs on her 2002 debut \\\"Let Go\\\", and the 29-year-old looks back on those wistfully on the immaculately-produced pop-rock track '17'. Like the\",\n \"title\": \"17 (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9532700\",\n \"text\": \"singing with her band accompanying her at the back. The video also featured this Lavigne and her friends dancing in a restroom. After the starting scene, the video shows them at Li'l Indy, where they ride go-carts. Here, black-haired Lavigne is seen viciously bumping the car of the red-haired Lavigne, causing her to spin around and lose control. Next, the red-haired Lavigne and her boyfriend get inside a photo booth where black-haired Lavigne slips in and grabs the red-haired girl away before they take pictures. Black-haired Lavigne's friends then block the red-haired girl's way (by positioning themselves at the booth\",\n \"title\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1960890\",\n \"text\": \"relocated to Los Angeles, where she collaborated with songwriter and producer Clif Magness, who gave her ample creative control in the writing process. Lavigne and Magness wrote \\\"Losing Grip\\\" and \\\"Unwanted\\\", songs that she deemed reflective of her vision for the entire album. However, Arista was not thrilled with the heavy-guitar laden songs that Lavigne was writing, prompting the label to look for other producers to match their demands. Now two years since she signed the deal, Lavigne, who was then unknown, came to the attention of the three-piece production team The Matrix. Arista could not find the right direction\",\n \"title\": \"Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9532698\",\n \"text\": \"common and widely used lyrics\\\" and that they \\\"completely exonerate Lavigne and Gottwald from any wrongdoing of any kind in connection with the claims made by us in our lawsuit.\\\" An undisclosed settlement was reached between Lavigne and the Rubinoos in January 2008. The music video was directed by The Malloys and filmed at Golf N' Stuff in Norwalk, California. They praised the video for \\\"sounding different than most female artist at the time and for its very punk rock-pop feel, something she does better than anybody.\\\" It features two girls: one with glasses and red hair (Lavigne), and one\",\n \"title\": \"Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8734376\",\n \"text\": \"1994. Dion is also performing \\\"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\\\" in her current Las Vegas residency show, \\\"Celine\\\". On 13 May 1992, \\\"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\\\" received an ASCAP Pop Award for the most-performed ASCAP song during the 1991 survey year (1 October 1990 – 30 September 1991). Additionally, Dion's performance of \\\"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\\\" at the Juno Awards of 1991 was nominated for the Gemini Award in category Best Performance in a Variety Program or Series. Where Does My Heart Beat Now \\\"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\\\" is a song performed by\",\n \"title\": \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["belleville","greater napanee"],"string":"[\n \"belleville\",\n \"greater napanee\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1291,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays stewie griffin's voice family guy?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2816144","text":"Furious\" franchise as follows. This is exactly how writer Cherry Chevapravatdumrong ranks the franchise. In the season 16 episode \"Send in Stewie, Please\", it is revealed that Stewie's English accent is fake and that he actually has an American Boston accent. Stewie's voice is provided by \"Family Guy\" creator Seth MacFarlane, who also provides the voices of Brian Griffin, Peter Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire as well as numerous other characters. MacFarlane based Stewie's accent on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly on Harrison's performance in the 1964 musical drama film \"My Fair Lady\". MacFarlane has stated that his","title":"Stewie Griffin"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816144\",\n \"text\": \"Furious\\\" franchise as follows. This is exactly how writer Cherry Chevapravatdumrong ranks the franchise. In the season 16 episode \\\"Send in Stewie, Please\\\", it is revealed that Stewie's English accent is fake and that he actually has an American Boston accent. Stewie's voice is provided by \\\"Family Guy\\\" creator Seth MacFarlane, who also provides the voices of Brian Griffin, Peter Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire as well as numerous other characters. MacFarlane based Stewie's accent on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly on Harrison's performance in the 1964 musical drama film \\\"My Fair Lady\\\". MacFarlane has stated that his\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2816160","text":"on the story. MacFarlane also states that these rules can be broken for the sake of comedy, so this could change from one episode to another. In \"Inside \"Family Guy\"\", Peter apologizes to the family, to which Stewie comments: \"Oh that's nice of you to say\". Peter replies: \"Thank you, Stewie, who I can understand\", referring to the ongoing discussion whether or not family members, other than Brian, are able to understand him. However, Peter's response seems to be a part of the episode's offset setting, where everyone is out of character. Stewie Griffin Stewart Gilligan \"Stewie\" Griffin is a","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"8591454","text":"uncomfortable to watch. It recognizes, however, that the scene was intended to satirize the violence found in that type of cartoon program. The gag was somewhat tongue-in-cheek since \"Family Guy\" itself is an animated program that sometimes contains violence.\" Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story is a 2005 direct-to-DVD animated comedy film set in the \"Family Guy\" fictional universe. Released on September 27, 2005, the film's main plot point concerns Stewie Griffin trying to find who he thinks is his real father after seeing the man on TV. He travels to San Francisco, only to find","title":"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story"},{"psg_id":"8591437","text":"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story is a 2005 direct-to-DVD animated comedy film set in the \"Family Guy\" fictional universe. Released on September 27, 2005, the film's main plot point concerns Stewie Griffin trying to find who he thinks is his real father after seeing the man on TV. He travels to San Francisco, only to find that the man is him from the future. The DVD contains commentaries and a sneak preview of the \"American Dad!\" Volume 1 DVD. The film was written to be a feature-length direct-to-video film based on the series. Fox eventually","title":"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story"},{"psg_id":"2816321","text":"to suggest that \"Family Guy\" is a rip-off of \"The Simpsons\"; MacFarlane is, however, defended by the characters whom he voices (Peter, Brian and Stewie). Outside of the \"Star Wars\"-themed episodes, \"Road to the Multiverse\" plays on the running gag, but with Stewie (MacFarlane once more) provoking the \"Robot Chicken\" universe counterpart of Chris by asking \"How does it feel to be on a major network for thirty seconds?\", which prompts Chris to say \"Fuck you!\" Chris' birthday is February 8, the same day as his voice actor, Seth Green. Chris Griffin Christopher Cross \"Chris\" Griffin is a fictional character","title":"Chris Griffin"},{"psg_id":"20717680","text":"with Cancer\", \"Dead Dog Walking\"), Quagmire will meet a teenage daughter (played by Mandy Moore) whom he never knew he had, the Griffins take on the Korean Olympics (\"The Griffin Winter Games\"), and Brian and Stewie shrink to microscopic size (\"Big Trouble in Little Quahog\"). <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Family Guy (season 17) \"Family Guy\" seventeenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 30, 2018. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season's executive producers","title":"Family Guy (season 17)"},{"psg_id":"2816156","text":"then be accused of being a rip-off of \"Family Guy\".\" 20th Century Fox insists that Stewie is an entirely original character. In a 2003 interview, MacFarlane said that he had never seen the comic strip before, described the similarities as \"pretty shocking\" and said that he could see how Ware would reach that conclusion.\" Stewie is one of the show's biggest merchandising icons, and he has been included on Family Guy T-shirts, baseball caps, bumper stickers, cardboard standups, refrigerator magnets, posters, and several other items. Stewie appears in the \"Family Guy Video Game!\", where Stewie discovers Bertram attempting to outdo","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"2816154","text":"Bachelor\". In addition, \"Wizard\" magazine rated Stewie the 95th greatest villain of all time. Stewie was also named the best \"Family Guy\" character on a list of \"Top 25 Family Guy Characters\" compiled by IGN. In 2010, Entertainment Weekly placed him 45th on its list of the \"Top 100 Characters of the Past Twenty Years.\" Gay.com ranked Stewie as the fifteenth gayest cartoon character. Hal Boedeker, a critic for \"The Orlando Sentinel\", called Stewie \"a brilliant creation\". Stewie (and Brian) usually form the center-plot for the show's highest rated and most critically acclaimed episodes, these being the Road to... episodes.","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"2816153","text":"sense because he's a one-year-old. Ultimately, Stewie will be gay or a very unhappy repressed heterosexual. It also explains why he's so hellbent on killing his mother, Lois and taking over the world: he has a lot of aggression, which comes from confusion and uncertainty about his orientation.\" MacFarlane has been nominated for two awards for voicing Stewie Griffin. In 1999, he won a Primetime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Voice-Over Performance. In 2006, he received an Annie Award in the Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television, Production category, for his voice work in the episode \"Brian the","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"2816132","text":"Griffin family appeared in the episode \"Death Has a Shadow\". An infant who acts in an adult way, Stewie was initially obsessed with violence and matricide. He is the youngest child of Peter and Lois Griffin, and the youngest brother of Meg and Chris. Over the duration of the series, the violent aspects of Stewie's personality have been toned down, and he has evolved into an eccentric, friendly and flamboyant character. He has also come to have a very close friendship with the family's anthropomorphic dog, Brian. Stewie is considered to be the show's breakout character. \"Wizard\" magazine rated him","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"3619427","text":"characters including Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. Brian's voice is MacFarlane's normal speaking voice. William H. Macy auditioned unsuccessfully for the role. In the episode \"Road to the Multiverse\", Brian was voiced by Japanese actor Kotaro Watanabe in a scene where everything in the world is Japanese. Ahsan Haque of IGN has given Brian a positive review, calling him the best talking man-dog. He also praised Brian's adventures with Stewie calling them, \"center of many of the show's best bits\". Haque later made a list titled \"Family Guy: Stewie and Brian's Greatest Adventures\", where he stated that \"Brian","title":"Brian Griffin"},{"psg_id":"12102987","text":"series of \"Family Guy\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz. Each member of the Griffin family and other characters (including Herbert) had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released. Herbert is also featured on the \"\" CD. Herbert (Family Guy) John Herbert, nicknamed \"Herbert the Pervert\", is a fictional character in the animated television series \"Family Guy\". He is voiced by Mike Henry, who also created the character. Herbert is a World War II veteran who","title":"Herbert (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"2816159","text":"debate over which characters in \"Family Guy\" can understand Stewie. In an interview, MacFarlane said that everyone can basically understand him, but they ignore him or just think to themselves \"oh how cute\" when he talks. However at the 2011 ComicCon panel, he compared this to Wile E. Coyote in the old \"Merrie Melodies\" cartoons. MacFarlane went on to say that Brian always hears Stewie, and more recently so does Chris, but the writers usually strive for Peter, Lois, and Meg not to hear him. Once Stewie leaves the house, the question of who can hear him depends very much","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"3619436","text":"Wheat Thins. He and Stewie also introduced the 2007 Emmy Awards with a song which recapped the events in television, over the past year. The song was adapted from the one sung by Brian, Stewie and Peter in the \"Family Guy\" episode \"PTV\". Brian is featured on the \"\" CD, and also plays a significant part in \"Family Guy Video Game!\", the first \"Family Guy\" video game, which was released by Sierra Entertainment in 2006. He (along with Stewie) features at the center of Family Guy's second video game, \"\". MacFarlane recorded exclusive material of Brian's voice and other \"Family","title":"Brian Griffin"},{"psg_id":"12466076","text":"stuck in a theater seat while Lois bring him food and blankets. A similarly stuck seatmate notes that she won't be coming back. When Chris inquires why, his seatmate notes that Lois is also his mom. Griffin family The Griffin family is a cartoon family from the animated television series \"Family Guy\". The Griffins are a nuclear family consisting of the married couple Peter and Lois, their three children Meg, Chris, and Stewie, and their dog Brian. They live at 31 Spooner Street in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island. Their family car is a red sixth-generation Ford Country","title":"Griffin family"},{"psg_id":"19584708","text":"have frequented a sperm bank in his youth (\"A House Full of Peters\"), and a behind-the-scenes episode hosted by James Woods (\"Inside Family Guy\"). The season premiere includes a cameo by Vinny (voiced by Tony Sirico), the dog who temporarily replaced Brian in season 12. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Family Guy (season 15) \"Family Guy\" fifteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 25, 2016, and ended on May 21, 2017. The season contained 20 episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian,","title":"Family Guy (season 15)"},{"psg_id":"17416904","text":"(\"Fighting Irish\"). <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Family Guy (season 13) \"Family Guy\" thirteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 28, 2014, and ended on May 17, 2015. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season begins with an hour-long crossover with \"The Simpsons\" entitled \"The Simpsons Guy\". Guest stars throughout the season include Julie Bowen, Liam Neeson, Maya Rudolph, Chris Hardwick, Emily Osment, T.J. Miller, Lea Thompson, Allison Janney, Connie Britton, and Tony","title":"Family Guy (season 13)"},{"psg_id":"17416902","text":"Family Guy (season 13) \"Family Guy\" thirteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 28, 2014, and ended on May 17, 2015. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season begins with an hour-long crossover with \"The Simpsons\" entitled \"The Simpsons Guy\". Guest stars throughout the season include Julie Bowen, Liam Neeson, Maya Rudolph, Chris Hardwick, Emily Osment, T.J. Miller, Lea Thompson, Allison Janney, Connie Britton, and Tony Sirico. Also during this","title":"Family Guy (season 13)"},{"psg_id":"5913242","text":"Dammit Janet (Family Guy) \"Dammit Janet\" is the 15th episode from the second season of the FOX animated television series \"Family Guy\". It originally aired on June 13, 2000. This episode features the youngest son of the Griffin family, Stewie, as he develops romantic feelings for Janet, a female infant at a daycare. Lois begins working as a stewardess, but soon wishes to quit; Peter convinces her to keep working because he gets to fly anywhere for free. Stewie realizes that Janet only played with him because he shared his cookies with her. Peter inadvertently flies in the same plane","title":"Dammit Janet (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"7069233","text":"of sperm samples, and has to refill them, um, himself.\" Geoffrey D. Roberts of Real Talk Reviews reviewed the episode negatively, writing \"many viewers will probably be disappointed with an episode about sibling rivalry between Stewie and newfound half-brother Bertram. Both share the same goal – to rule the Universe. With Bertram nothing more than a whinier version of his half-brother, it turns out one Stewie Griffin is more than enough.\" Sibling Rivalry (Family Guy) \"Sibling Rivalry\" is the 22nd episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". It originally aired on Fox in the United","title":"Sibling Rivalry (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"6974102","text":"\"The Simpsons\" writer/producer Al Jean described \"Family Guy\" as \"a little too derivative of \"The Simpsons\"\" and said it \"should be more original.\" Writer Chris Ware, author of \"Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth,\" has noticed several similarities between the title character of his work and Stewie Griffin. Ware has remarked, \"[The similarities are] a little too coincidental to be simply, well, coincidental.\" He further stated, \"I don't want a book of seven years' worth of my stuff to become available and then be accused of being a rip-off of \"Family Guy\".\" 20th Century Fox has insisted that Stewie","title":"Criticism of Family Guy"},{"psg_id":"17517336","text":"Christmas Guy \"Christmas Guy\" is the eighth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\" and the 218th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2013, and is written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Greg Colton. The episode features the return of Brian Griffin (who had died two episodes earlier in \"Life of Brian\") after Stewie goes back in time to save him. The Griffin family goes to Quahog Mall for the annual Christmas Carnival, but they find the festivities have been cancelled, causing Stewie to go","title":"Christmas Guy"},{"psg_id":"16261828","text":"dies. Guest stars for the season include Conan O'Brien, Lea Thompson, Jeff Daniels, Michelle Dockery, Tony Sirico, Yvette Nicole Brown, Gary Cole, Lauren Bacall, Liam Neeson, Bryan Cranston, Peter Dinklage, Adam Levine, and Ariana Grande. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The season received mixed to negative reviews. Family Guy (season 12) \"Family Guy\" twelfth season began airing on Fox on September 29, 2013, and ended on May 18, 2014. The series follows the Griffin family, a dysfunctional family consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. During this","title":"Family Guy (season 12)"},{"psg_id":"18530958","text":"Family Guy (season 14) \"Family Guy\" fourteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 27, 2015, and ended on May 22, 2016. The season contained 20 episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. Guest stars for the season include Joe Buck, Kyle Chandler, Glenn Close, Anil Kapoor, Kate McKinnon, John Mellencamp, Ed O'Neill, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, and Neil deGrasse Tyson. During this season, the guys head to Korea after Quagmire is","title":"Family Guy (season 14)"},{"psg_id":"3592587","text":"character class for the game's character creator. MacFarlane recorded exclusive material of Peter's voice and other \"Family Guy\" characters for a 2007 pinball machine of the show by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of \"Family Guy\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz, each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released, with various forms of Peter. Alongside the action figures, Peter has been included in various other \"Family Guy\"-related","title":"Peter Griffin"},{"psg_id":"19500752","text":"place in United States DVD sales; volume seven was the highest-selling television DVD, selling 171,000 units by June 21, 2009. \"Family Guy Presents Blue Harvest\", the DVD featuring the \"Star Wars\" special \"Blue Harvest\", was released on January 15, 2008, and premiered at the top of United States DVD sales. The DVD was the first \"Family Guy\" DVD to include a digital copy for download to the iPod. In 2004, the first series of \"Family Guy\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz; each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom","title":"Family Guy (franchise)"},{"psg_id":"1565306","text":"nominated and has won various other awards, including the Teen Choice Awards and the People's Choice Awards. In the 1,000th issue of \"Entertainment Weekly\", Brian Griffin was selected as the dog for \"The Perfect TV Family\".\" Wizard Magazine\" rated Stewie the 95th-greatest villain of all time. British newspaper \"The Times\" rated \"Family Guy\" as the 45th-best American show in 2009. IGN ranked \"Family Guy\" at number seven in the \"Top 100 Animated Series\" and number six in the \"Top 25 Primetime Animated Series of All Time\". \"Empire\" named it the twelfth-greatest TV show of all time. In 2005 viewers of","title":"Family Guy"},{"psg_id":"11407788","text":"mind: the key to being able to dominate the world is understanding the world around you\". Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination is an American humor book about \"Family Guy\" written by producer Steve Callaghan. The book was first published on 20 October 2005. The plot follows Stewie Griffin's plans on ruling the world, despite his only being a minor. Since his birth to Lois and Peter Griffin, Stewie has shown his intentions of world domination, to the extent of storing machine guns and other weapons in his bedroom for usage at","title":"Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination"},{"psg_id":"11407786","text":"Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination is an American humor book about \"Family Guy\" written by producer Steve Callaghan. The book was first published on 20 October 2005. The plot follows Stewie Griffin's plans on ruling the world, despite his only being a minor. Since his birth to Lois and Peter Griffin, Stewie has shown his intentions of world domination, to the extent of storing machine guns and other weapons in his bedroom for usage at whim. Upon deciding people must understand his plans before he can perform them, he discusses his","title":"Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination"},{"psg_id":"12466055","text":"sixth season in November 2007, resulting in the show's syndication. The show is contracted to continue producing episodes. MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters, Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin and Stewie Griffin. He has stated that he already knew what kind of voice he was looking for the main characters so it was easier to do it himself. Peter's voice is inspired by the voice of a security guard MacFarlane overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly on Harrison's performance in the 1964","title":"Griffin family"},{"psg_id":"12110137","text":"eye exam. In addition, Lois is seen wearing John Rambo's combat outfit from \"Rambo III\" in her final battle against Stewie. Ahsan Haque of IGN rated \"Stewie Kills Lois\" a 9/10, while rating \"Lois Kills Stewie\" a 9.4/10, saying \"For the hundredth episode of \"Family Guy\", Seth McFarlane and friends tackle the subject of one of Stewie Griffin's greatest ambitions — his not-so-secret desire to kill his mother. For the disturbed fans waiting for some form of a matricidal manifestation, you can feel comfort knowing, without spoiling too much, that the youngest Griffin absolutely means business and ensures that he","title":"Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie"},{"psg_id":"2816149","text":"the multiverse. In \"Something, Something, Something, Dark Side\", Stewie (who plays the role of Darth Vader) threatens to \"choke\" the person in charge of the tractor beam. It turns out this person is a muscular man, whom Stewie does \"choke\", but not by neck. The muscular man states \"I can breathe just fine...You're choking my-,\" and is interrupted by Stewie who replies, \"I know.\" It is implied that Stewie is \"choking\" the man's penis as a means of grasping, suggesting homosexual action on his behalf. On other occasions, such as when Stewie falls in love with a girl, Janet, in","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"16568769","text":"first \"Family Guy\" console game since \"Family Guy Video Game!\" in 2006. Upon release, the game received mixed to negative reviews. While praise fell towards its humor and characters, the game was criticized for its gameplay, graphics, and story. When the game was available for pre-order, people who pre-ordered the game received a special level, based on \"\", another video game based on the \"Aliens\" trademark also owned by 20th Century Fox, which was released the next February to similar negative reception. In December 2014, \"Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse\" was removed from Steam. Players control Stewie Griffin and","title":"Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse"},{"psg_id":"14311292","text":"Family Guy (season 9) \"Family Guy\" ninth season first aired on the Fox network in eighteen episodes from September 26, 2010 to May 22, 2011 before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. \"Family Guy\" follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The ninth season, which premiered with the episode \"And Then There Were Fewer\" and ended with \"It's a Trap!\", was executive produced by Chris Sheridan, David Goodman, Danny Smith, Mark Hentemann, Steve Callaghan and series creator","title":"Family Guy (season 9)"},{"psg_id":"13213629","text":"audio commentaries and deleted scenes. Family Guy (season 8) \"Family Guy\" eighth season first aired on the Fox network in twenty-one episodes from September 27, 2009, to May 23, 2010, before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. It ran on Sunday nights between May and July 2010 on BBC Three in the UK. The animated television series \"Family Guy\" follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The eighth season, which premiered with the episode \"Road to the","title":"Family Guy (season 8)"},{"psg_id":"13213613","text":"Family Guy (season 8) \"Family Guy\" eighth season first aired on the Fox network in twenty-one episodes from September 27, 2009, to May 23, 2010, before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. It ran on Sunday nights between May and July 2010 on BBC Three in the UK. The animated television series \"Family Guy\" follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The eighth season, which premiered with the episode \"Road to the Multiverse\" and ended with \"Something,","title":"Family Guy (season 8)"},{"psg_id":"16044705","text":"Family Guy Viewer Mail 2 \"Family Guy Viewer Mail #2\" is the twenty-second episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". The episode originally aired with the succeeding episode \"Internal Affairs\" on Fox in the United States on May 20, 2012. In the episode, Brian and Stewie respond to viewer mail. Three segments respectively feature a British version of \"Family Guy\", Peter Griffin turning everybody he touches into Robin Williams, and a typical day from Stewie's point of view. The episode is a sequel to the first viewer mail episode in the show's third season. The","title":"Family Guy Viewer Mail 2"},{"psg_id":"14782959","text":"and \"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\". Road to ... (Family Guy) The Road to... episodes, also known as the \"Family Guy Road\" shows, are a series of episodes in the animated series \"Family Guy\". They are a parody of the seven \"Road to...\" comedy films, starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, and Dorothy Lamour. These episodes revolve around Stewie Griffin and Brian on a road trip in a foreign, supernatural or science fiction setting not familiar to the show's normal location in Quahog, Rhode Island. The first, titled \"Road to Rhode Island\", aired on May 30, 2000, as a part of the","title":"Road to ... (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"14782942","text":"Road to ... (Family Guy) The Road to... episodes, also known as the \"Family Guy Road\" shows, are a series of episodes in the animated series \"Family Guy\". They are a parody of the seven \"Road to...\" comedy films, starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, and Dorothy Lamour. These episodes revolve around Stewie Griffin and Brian on a road trip in a foreign, supernatural or science fiction setting not familiar to the show's normal location in Quahog, Rhode Island. The first, titled \"Road to Rhode Island\", aired on May 30, 2000, as a part of the second season. The episodes are","title":"Road to ... (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"2816155","text":"In a list of Stewie and Brian's greatest adventures, five of the Road to... episodes occupied the top five places. In 2018, Watchmojo.com ranked him #1 on their \"Top 10 Family Guy Characters\" list. Several commentators, including its author Chris Ware, have noticed similarities between the title character of the graphic novel \"Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth\" (first published in 1995) and Stewie. Ware has remarked that the similarities are \"a little too coincidental to be simply, well, coincidental.\" He further stated, \"I don't want a book of seven years' worth of my stuff to become available and","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"2816157","text":"him in taking over the world. Desperate to stop him, Stewie shrinks himself and makes his way to Bertram's lair within Peter's testicles to discover his plan, destroys his henchman cloning lab, and rescues a kidnapped Rupert from a rocket. He finally confronts Bertram in the park, where Bertram turns himself into a giant. \"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story\" is a DVD movie about Stewie's secret and what can possibly be his future. Stewie is also a playable character (along with Brian) in the show's second video game, \"\", where the pair travel through the multiverse again, in order to","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"8591439","text":"the Griffin family attending. Everyone goes into the theatre where Channel 5 reveals they have hired Glenn Quagmire to provide them with a bootleg copy of the film. We then see an advertisement for a new movie, \"People Who Look Like They Never Sleep...\" starring Susan Sarandon and Vince Vaughn, and another film, \"The Littlest Bunny\", made by Disney and featuring music by Randy Newman. After this, the film begins. When the Griffins go swimming at the Quahog Community Pool, Peter tries teaching Stewie to swim and attempts to toss him into the pool, despite Stewie begging to be put","title":"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story"},{"psg_id":"3619336","text":"Caviar Eater\", (season 2, 1999). In \"IGN's Family Guy: Top 10 Fights\", Lois ranked on two places, in number seven and number 6 for Lois's fight with Stewie in \"Lois Kills Stewie\" and in the Griffin Family Fight from \"Barely Legal\", respectively. In 2018, Watchmojo.com ranked her #2 on their \"Top 10 Cartoon MILFs\" list. Lois has had several television appearances outside of \"Family Guy\". She and Peter both had a cameo on \"Drawn Together\" in the episode \"The Lemon-AIDS Walk\" where she was voiced by Borstein. In the \"Family Guy\" parodies of the \"Star Wars\" original trilogy titled \"Blue","title":"Lois Griffin"},{"psg_id":"5913250","text":"when he's in love is always fun\". However, he noted that Peter is \"particularly obnoxious\" in the episode, and he \"increasingly becomes more and more unrealistic\". Dammit Janet (Family Guy) \"Dammit Janet\" is the 15th episode from the second season of the FOX animated television series \"Family Guy\". It originally aired on June 13, 2000. This episode features the youngest son of the Griffin family, Stewie, as he develops romantic feelings for Janet, a female infant at a daycare. Lois begins working as a stewardess, but soon wishes to quit; Peter convinces her to keep working because he gets to","title":"Dammit Janet (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"19800272","text":"Hot Shots (Family Guy) \"Hot Shots\" is the sixth episode of the fifteenth season of the animated sitcom \"Family Guy\", and the 275th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 13, 2016, and is written by David A. Goodman and directed by John Holmquist. In this episode, Peter and Lois open up a protest to convince the town to ban vaccination in Quahog after learning about possible bad side-effects within it, causing consequences to happen to Stewie. When a bat invades the Griffin's home at the time when the Griffin family was watching Rational Geographic,","title":"Hot Shots (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"12774961","text":"Century Fox in the United States and Canada on October 21, 2008, five months after they had completed broadcast on television. The DVD release also features bonus material including deleted scenes, commentaries, and a 'making of' featurette. Family Guy (season 5) \"Family Guy\" fifth season first aired on the Fox network in eighteen episodes from September 10, 2006 to May 20, 2007 before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. It premiered with the episode \"Stewie Loves Lois\" and finished with \"Meet the Quagmires\". The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son","title":"Family Guy (season 5)"},{"psg_id":"2816138","text":"(whom he traditionally calls \"Megan\") as when he chided Brian's coke-induced hostility to her (\"The Thin White Line\"), retracted his joke, \"I hate you too, bitch\" when Meg said \"I hate you all\" to the family (\"Untitled Griffin Family History\"), and wiped her tears during a weepy moment. On a more frequent basis though, Stewie constantly disrespects Meg, as he does with most elders, often being rude to her and subjecting her to the malice of his misbehavior, once even tricking her outside to be attacked by bees on steroids. He generally thinks of Peter as an inferior regarding him","title":"Stewie Griffin"},{"psg_id":"16568770","text":"Brian Griffin in an adventure that pits them against Stewie's evil half-brother, Bertram. \"Back to the Multiverse\" features both co-operative and competitive multiplayer modes built around the characters. Extra challenge levels, multiplayer maps, costumes, and playable \"Family Guy\" characters are unlocked through gameplay. Brian and Stewie are spending time at home when Bertram appears out of nowhere in a flash of light. Stewie is appalled by this, as he had killed Bertram in the past. Bertram responds by explaining that he is from another reality where Stewie never killed him, and expresses his disgust that there exists a universe without","title":"Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse"},{"psg_id":"2816307","text":"Chris Griffin Christopher Cross \"Chris\" Griffin is a fictional character from the animated television series \"Family Guy\". He is the middle child of Peter and Lois Griffin and brother of Stewie and Meg Griffin. He is voiced by Seth Green and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in a 15-minute short on December 20, 1998. Chris was created and designed by MacFarlane himself, who was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company, based on \"The Life of Larry\" and \"Larry & Steve\", two shorts made by MacFarlane featuring a middle-aged man","title":"Chris Griffin"},{"psg_id":"3592565","text":"& Steve\". He has appeared in several pieces of \"Family Guy\" merchandise, including toys, T-shirts, and video games, and has made crossover appearances in other shows, including \"The Simpsons\", \"South Park\", \"Drawn Together\", \"American Dad!\", and the \"Family Guy\" spin-off \"The Cleveland Show\". Peter Griffin is a middle class Irish American, who is a bespectacled, obese blue collar worker with a prominent Rhode Island and Eastern Massachusetts accent. Peter and his wife Lois have three children; Meg, Chris, and Stewie. He is the illegitimate son of Thelma Griffin and Mickey McFinnigan, and was raised by Thelma and his stepfather Francis","title":"Peter Griffin"},{"psg_id":"12110129","text":"this, the scene cuts to black mid-sentence. \"Stewie Kills Lois\" and \"Lois Kills Stewie\" are the 102nd and 103rd episodes of \"Family Guy\" respectively. They are the fourth and fifth episodes of the sixth season of the show. \"Stewie Kills Lois\" was written by executive producer and former \"Futurama\" and \"South Park\" writer David A. Goodman. The episode was directed by John Holmquist. \"Lois Kills Stewie\" was written by recurring voice actor and future showrunner Steve Callaghan, and directed by Greg Colton. Colton and Callaghan previously worked on the season 5 episode \"Whistle While Your Wife Works\". Before the airing","title":"Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie"},{"psg_id":"12466073","text":"15 premiere, \"The Boys in the Band\", where he makes a cameo). Peter Griffin Jr. Peter Griffin JR. was a possible infant son of Peter and Lois Griffin named after his father. His grave is seen in \"The Juice Is Loose\". Peter shook him until he stopped crying, killing him. In an attempt to comfort Lois he explains, if he shook him enough he would stop crying. Dave Griffin Dave Griffin was Stewie Griffin's twin brother that died during childbirth. When Brian insults Stewie for listening to Anne Murray in \"Chris Cross\", Stewie tries to convince him to give it","title":"Griffin family"},{"psg_id":"17517335","text":"\"The Simpsons\" with 6.78 million. Life of Brian (Family Guy) \"Life of Brian\" is the sixth episode of the twelfth season and the 216th overall episode of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on November 24, 2013, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joseph Lee. The episode revolves around the death of Brian Griffin, after being struck by a car, and the family coping with the loss by adopting a replacement dog, Vinny. Brian and Stewie flee a band of hostile Native Americans in a Jeep. Brian","title":"Life of Brian (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"17517322","text":"Life of Brian (Family Guy) \"Life of Brian\" is the sixth episode of the twelfth season and the 216th overall episode of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on November 24, 2013, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joseph Lee. The episode revolves around the death of Brian Griffin, after being struck by a car, and the family coping with the loss by adopting a replacement dog, Vinny. Brian and Stewie flee a band of hostile Native Americans in a Jeep. Brian explains that on a trip","title":"Life of Brian (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"12774831","text":"Best Voice-over Performance for providing the voice of Stewie in \"Brian the Bachelor\". At the Annie Awards the following year, John Viener was nominated in the category Writing in an Animated Television Production, for writing \"Untitled Griffin Family History\", but lost the award to Ian Maxtone-Graham, who wrote the episode of \"The Simpsons\" titled \"The Seemingly Neverending Story\". The editors of the episode \"Blind Ambition\" won the Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Television Animated. Season 4 received positive reviews from critics. Reviewing the season premiere, Mark McGuire of \"The Times Union\" wrote: \"...","title":"Family Guy (season 4)"},{"psg_id":"15886802","text":"tend to appear as some bizarro version of themselves.\" Stewie Goes for a Drive \"Stewie Goes for a Drive\" is the fourth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 6, 2011. The plot depicts actor Ryan Reynolds moving into the house across the street, and Peter Griffin befriending him. Ryan flirts with Peter, making Peter uncomfortable, and their friendship ends. Meanwhile, Stewie takes Brian's car for a joy ride, and crashes it into a lamp post. Fearing the consequences, Stewie runs away from home,","title":"Stewie Goes for a Drive"},{"psg_id":"15886785","text":"Stewie Goes for a Drive \"Stewie Goes for a Drive\" is the fourth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 6, 2011. The plot depicts actor Ryan Reynolds moving into the house across the street, and Peter Griffin befriending him. Ryan flirts with Peter, making Peter uncomfortable, and their friendship ends. Meanwhile, Stewie takes Brian's car for a joy ride, and crashes it into a lamp post. Fearing the consequences, Stewie runs away from home, but then needs Brian's help when he ends up","title":"Stewie Goes for a Drive"},{"psg_id":"16316248","text":"Killer Queen (Family Guy) \"Killer Queen\" is the sixteenth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 11, 2012. When Peter and Chris go away to fat camp, they cross paths with a serial killer who targets overweight teens. Meanwhile, Stewie is traumatized by the cover of the 1977 Queen album \"News of the World\". The title of the episode is based on the Queen song of the same name which plays during the end credits. This episode was written by Spencer Porter and directed","title":"Killer Queen (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"18900552","text":"\"Family Guy\", in order to star as the character in his own spin-off, entitled \"The Cleveland Show\". \"Go, Stewie, Go!\", along with the eleven other episodes from \"Family Guy\"s eighth season, was released on a three-disc DVD set in the United States on December 13, 2011. The sets include brief audio commentaries by various crew and cast members for several episodes, a collection of deleted scenes and animatics, a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating \"And Then There Were Fewer\", a mini-feature entitled \"The Comical Adventures of \"Family Guy\" – Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call\", and","title":"Go, Stewie, Go!"},{"psg_id":"12110143","text":"highly choreographed. \"Lois Kills Stewie\" was voted #9, and \"Stewie Kills Lois\" was voted #8 on BBC Three's list of Top Ten Family Guy Episodes. Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie \"Stewie Kills Lois\" and \"Lois Kills Stewie\" is a two-part episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\", which was originally produced for the end of Season 5. Respectively, both are the fourth and fifth episode of their season, and they premiered in the United States on Fox on November 4 and 11, 2007. In the former, housewife Lois receives cruise tickets from anthropomorphic","title":"Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie"},{"psg_id":"18057570","text":"Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure \"Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure\" is the seventh episode of the thirteenth season of the animated sitcom \"Family Guy\", and the 238th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 4, 2015, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joe Vaux. In the episode, Stewie and Brian take Chris back in time so he can perform well in a history exam. The title is a play on the time travel film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\". Chris Griffin gives his parents Peter and Lois a note stating","title":"Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure"},{"psg_id":"3592569","text":"of $50,000. Several aspects of \"Family Guy\" were inspired by the \"Larry\" shorts. While working on the series, the characters of Larry and his dog Steve slowly evolved into Peter and Brian. MacFarlane stated that the difference between \"The Life of Larry\" and \"Family Guy\" was that \"\"Life of Larry\" was shown primarily in my dorm room and \"Family Guy\" was shown after the Super Bowl.\" The voice of Peter is provided by MacFarlane, who also provides the voice for Brian, Stewie and Quagmire. MacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, most prominently those","title":"Peter Griffin"},{"psg_id":"11306481","text":"MacFarlane, Chris Sheridan, Neil Goldman, Garrett Donovan, Ricky Blitt, Andrew Gormley, supervising producers Danny Smith and Gary Janetti, co-producers Matt Weitzman and Mike Barker, and voice actor Mike Henry. There were six directors for the seven episodes, with Michael DiMartino directing two. Peter Shin acted as the supervising director for the entire season. Walter Murphey composed the season's music tracks, while Stan Jones edited them. Season one had a cast of four main actors. MacFarlane voiced Peter Griffin, a blue-collar worker and the patriarch of the Griffin family. The family's evil-genius baby Stewie and their anthropromorphic pet dog Brian, were","title":"Family Guy (season 1)"},{"psg_id":"3271397","text":"a metal folding chair instead of a breakaway one and injures Karen to the point where she ends up in a coma and (as it is implied) possibly will die from her injuries without a blood transfusion. Meg Griffin Megan \"Meg\" Griffin is a fictional character in the animated television series \"Family Guy\". Meg is the eldest child of Peter and Lois Griffin and older sister of Stewie and Chris, but is also the family's scapegoat who receives the least of their attention and bears the brunt of their abuse. She is often bullied, ridiculed, and ignored. Meg first appeared","title":"Meg Griffin"},{"psg_id":"1565303","text":"\"Family Guy\" for years and considers Stewie her favorite character. Commenting on his appearance in the episode \"Big Man on Hippocampus\" (season 8, 2010), actor Dwayne Johnson stated that he was a \"big fan\" of \"Family Guy\". Johnson befriended MacFarlane after he had a minor role in Johnson's 2010 film \"Tooth Fairy\". R&B singer Rihanna has admitted to being a fan of \"Family Guy\", as has pop singer Britney Spears; she tries to imitate Stewie's English accent. Spears, who was mocked for her personal problems in the \"South Park\" episode \"Britney's New Look\" in 2008, offered to appear in a","title":"Family Guy"},{"psg_id":"12774956","text":"for Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production. The season was nominated for three other Annie Awards—Character Animation in a Television Production (Eileen Kohlhepp for the series itself), Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production (Mila Kunis for \"Barely Legal\"), and Writing in an Animated Television Production (Kirker Butler for \"Barely Legal\"). The Parents Television Council, a frequent critic of \"Family Guy\", branded \"Stewie Loves Lois\", \"Barely Legal\", \"No Meals on Wheels\", and \"Bill and Peter's Bogus Journey\" as the \"worst show of the week.\" In response to this criticism, executive producer David Goodman claimed that \"Family Guy\" is \"absolutely for","title":"Family Guy (season 5)"},{"psg_id":"16201568","text":"from Max Burkholder, Gary Cole, Rob Corddry, Judy Greer, Jonathan Morgan Heit, Kevin Michael Richardson, Sage Ryan, Nicole Sullivan, and Josh Robert Thompson along with several recurring voice actors for the series. This episode was named after the Bon Jovi song of the same name. The Griffin family goes to the Quahog Public Library for the Children's Sing-a-long activity held by Bruce. While there, Stewie meets a boy named Scotty Jennings and his parents Ben and Hope, whom Lois and Peter befriend. Lois organizes a play date for Stewie and Scotty. Everything goes well until Scotty suddenly falls ill whilst","title":"Livin' on a Prayer (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"3619338","text":"\"Family Guy\" video game, which was released by 2K Games in 2006. Borstein recorded exclusive material of Lois for a 2007 pinball machine of the show by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of \"Family Guy\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz, each member of the Griffin family had their own, except for Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released, with various forms of Peter. As of 2009, six books have been released about the \"Family Guy\" universe, all published by HarperCollins","title":"Lois Griffin"},{"psg_id":"14782944","text":"episodes from the seventh season, were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in the \"Outstanding Comedy Series\" category, the first time in 48 years multiple episodes of one animated series were nominated for the same award. \"Road to\" episodes typically consist of three parts following a series of theatrical or cultural-themed credits, and beginning with a segment at the Griffin family home in Quahog, Rhode Island. This segment usually establishes a conflict that Stewie and Brian must overcome by leaving Quahog and the rest of the Griffin family. For the second segment, Stewie and Brian obtain the established goal, which","title":"Road to ... (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"3619437","text":"Guy\" characters for a 2007 pinball machine of the show by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of \"Family Guy\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz, each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released. As of 2009, six books have been released about the \"Family Guy\" universe, all published by HarperCollins since 2005. This include \"\" (), which covers the entire events of the episode \"It Takes a Village","title":"Brian Griffin"},{"psg_id":"1565265","text":"Pewterschmidt family; Meg, their often-bullied teenage daughter who is also constantly ridiculed or ignored by the family; Chris, their awkward teenage son, who is overweight, unintelligent and, in many respects, is simply a younger version of his father; and Stewie, their diabolical infant son of ambiguous sexual orientation who has adult mannerisms and uses stereotypical archvillain phrases. Living with the family is their witty, smoking, martini-swilling, sarcastic, English-speaking anthropomorphic dog Brian, though he is still considered a pet in many ways. Recurring characters appear alongside the Griffin family. These include the family's neighbors: sex-crazed airline pilot bachelor Quagmire; African-American deli","title":"Family Guy"},{"psg_id":"16001817","text":"Hagerty, actor Jonathan Morgan Heit, actress Christine Lakin and actor Patrick Stewart guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Alexandra Breckenridge, actor Chris Cox, writer Mike Desilets, actor Ralph Garman, writer Gary Janetti, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances throughout the episode. Recurring guest cast members Adam West, Jennifer Tilly and Patrick Warburton also appeared in the episode as Mayor Adam West, Bonnie Swanson, and Joe Swanson respectively. As the Griffin family prepare to sit down for their dinner, baby Stewie is shown watching television, with the annual Macy's Thanksgiving","title":"Thanksgiving (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"15774322","text":"graphics. The game uses typical MMORPG character classes such as having Stewie act as a ranger, Peter as a tank, and Lois as a healer. Players create their own character in the game using the Griffin family as a template. The actual characters from the show are reserved as non-playable characters (NPCs) in the game in order to give the player quests and advance the storyline \"(pictured)\". The NPCs in the game are voiced by the same voice actors in the show. The game used two types of in-game currency: cash and clams. Clams are earned by completing in-game objectives.","title":"Family Guy Online"},{"psg_id":"17517326","text":"swinging at junk\". As Brian's casket is lowered into his grave, Stewie throws a final red rose onto the casket and he and the Griffin family watch on tearfully. A month later, the Griffin family still misses Brian dearly and Lois decides the best way for them to recover is to get a new dog. Peter chooses an Italian smooth-talking dog named Vinny at the pet shop. At home, Vinny offers to make dinner and ingratiates himself with the family. At the Drunken Clam, Peter introduces Vinny to Joe and Quagmire and they become drinking buddies. Stewie is still not","title":"Life of Brian (Family Guy)"},{"psg_id":"16044707","text":"the first viewer mail episode, Brian and Stewie read their mail from viewers and tell three stories. The episode uses the premise that \"Family Guy\" is based on a British television show. The characters from \"Family Guy\" are all presented as English, apart from Stewie, who is a devoutly religious redneck with a hillbilly accent, as he already has an English accent in the main show. Brian is also an effeminate horse. In this British version of the series, Neville (Peter) states that he is going to the pub to meet his friends. When the news announces that Queen Elizabeth","title":"Family Guy Viewer Mail 2"},{"psg_id":"1565316","text":"digitally inserted Stewie and Brian) the ceremony's opening number. He performed a song insulting modern television to the tune of the song \"The Fellas At The Freakin' F.C.C.\" performed in the episode \"PTV\". The song insulted TV shows such as \"Two and a Half Men\", \"Desperate Housewives\", and \"Scrubs\", as well as the final scene of \"The Sopranos\". In 2009, a special televised performance show aired entitled \"Family Guy Presents Seth & Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show\", in which voice actors Alex Borstein and MacFarlane performed songs from the show, as well as a parody of Lady Gaga's song \"Poker","title":"Family Guy"},{"psg_id":"1565304","text":"cameo to hit back at the similar animated show, but MacFarlane declined, stating that he did not want to start a feud with the series. \"Family Guy\" and its cast have been nominated for 24 Emmy Awards, with 7 wins. MacFarlane won the Outstanding Voice-Over Performance award for his performance as Stewie; Murphy and MacFarlane won the Outstanding Music and Lyrics award for the song \"You Got a Lot to See\" from the episode \"Brian Wallows and Peter's Swallows\"; Steven Fonti won the Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation award for his storyboard work in the episode \"No Chris Left Behind\";","title":"Family Guy"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816160\",\n \"text\": \"on the story. MacFarlane also states that these rules can be broken for the sake of comedy, so this could change from one episode to another. In \\\"Inside \\\"Family Guy\\\"\\\", Peter apologizes to the family, to which Stewie comments: \\\"Oh that's nice of you to say\\\". Peter replies: \\\"Thank you, Stewie, who I can understand\\\", referring to the ongoing discussion whether or not family members, other than Brian, are able to understand him. However, Peter's response seems to be a part of the episode's offset setting, where everyone is out of character. Stewie Griffin Stewart Gilligan \\\"Stewie\\\" Griffin is a\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8591454\",\n \"text\": \"uncomfortable to watch. It recognizes, however, that the scene was intended to satirize the violence found in that type of cartoon program. The gag was somewhat tongue-in-cheek since \\\"Family Guy\\\" itself is an animated program that sometimes contains violence.\\\" Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story is a 2005 direct-to-DVD animated comedy film set in the \\\"Family Guy\\\" fictional universe. Released on September 27, 2005, the film's main plot point concerns Stewie Griffin trying to find who he thinks is his real father after seeing the man on TV. He travels to San Francisco, only to find\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8591437\",\n \"text\": \"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story is a 2005 direct-to-DVD animated comedy film set in the \\\"Family Guy\\\" fictional universe. Released on September 27, 2005, the film's main plot point concerns Stewie Griffin trying to find who he thinks is his real father after seeing the man on TV. He travels to San Francisco, only to find that the man is him from the future. The DVD contains commentaries and a sneak preview of the \\\"American Dad!\\\" Volume 1 DVD. The film was written to be a feature-length direct-to-video film based on the series. Fox eventually\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816321\",\n \"text\": \"to suggest that \\\"Family Guy\\\" is a rip-off of \\\"The Simpsons\\\"; MacFarlane is, however, defended by the characters whom he voices (Peter, Brian and Stewie). Outside of the \\\"Star Wars\\\"-themed episodes, \\\"Road to the Multiverse\\\" plays on the running gag, but with Stewie (MacFarlane once more) provoking the \\\"Robot Chicken\\\" universe counterpart of Chris by asking \\\"How does it feel to be on a major network for thirty seconds?\\\", which prompts Chris to say \\\"Fuck you!\\\" Chris' birthday is February 8, the same day as his voice actor, Seth Green. Chris Griffin Christopher Cross \\\"Chris\\\" Griffin is a fictional character\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20717680\",\n \"text\": \"with Cancer\\\", \\\"Dead Dog Walking\\\"), Quagmire will meet a teenage daughter (played by Mandy Moore) whom he never knew he had, the Griffins take on the Korean Olympics (\\\"The Griffin Winter Games\\\"), and Brian and Stewie shrink to microscopic size (\\\"Big Trouble in Little Quahog\\\"). <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Family Guy (season 17) \\\"Family Guy\\\" seventeenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 30, 2018. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season's executive producers\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 17)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816156\",\n \"text\": \"then be accused of being a rip-off of \\\"Family Guy\\\".\\\" 20th Century Fox insists that Stewie is an entirely original character. In a 2003 interview, MacFarlane said that he had never seen the comic strip before, described the similarities as \\\"pretty shocking\\\" and said that he could see how Ware would reach that conclusion.\\\" Stewie is one of the show's biggest merchandising icons, and he has been included on Family Guy T-shirts, baseball caps, bumper stickers, cardboard standups, refrigerator magnets, posters, and several other items. Stewie appears in the \\\"Family Guy Video Game!\\\", where Stewie discovers Bertram attempting to outdo\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816154\",\n \"text\": \"Bachelor\\\". In addition, \\\"Wizard\\\" magazine rated Stewie the 95th greatest villain of all time. Stewie was also named the best \\\"Family Guy\\\" character on a list of \\\"Top 25 Family Guy Characters\\\" compiled by IGN. In 2010, Entertainment Weekly placed him 45th on its list of the \\\"Top 100 Characters of the Past Twenty Years.\\\" Gay.com ranked Stewie as the fifteenth gayest cartoon character. Hal Boedeker, a critic for \\\"The Orlando Sentinel\\\", called Stewie \\\"a brilliant creation\\\". Stewie (and Brian) usually form the center-plot for the show's highest rated and most critically acclaimed episodes, these being the Road to... episodes.\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816153\",\n \"text\": \"sense because he's a one-year-old. Ultimately, Stewie will be gay or a very unhappy repressed heterosexual. It also explains why he's so hellbent on killing his mother, Lois and taking over the world: he has a lot of aggression, which comes from confusion and uncertainty about his orientation.\\\" MacFarlane has been nominated for two awards for voicing Stewie Griffin. In 1999, he won a Primetime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Voice-Over Performance. In 2006, he received an Annie Award in the Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television, Production category, for his voice work in the episode \\\"Brian the\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816132\",\n \"text\": \"Griffin family appeared in the episode \\\"Death Has a Shadow\\\". An infant who acts in an adult way, Stewie was initially obsessed with violence and matricide. He is the youngest child of Peter and Lois Griffin, and the youngest brother of Meg and Chris. Over the duration of the series, the violent aspects of Stewie's personality have been toned down, and he has evolved into an eccentric, friendly and flamboyant character. He has also come to have a very close friendship with the family's anthropomorphic dog, Brian. Stewie is considered to be the show's breakout character. \\\"Wizard\\\" magazine rated him\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3619427\",\n \"text\": \"characters including Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. Brian's voice is MacFarlane's normal speaking voice. William H. Macy auditioned unsuccessfully for the role. In the episode \\\"Road to the Multiverse\\\", Brian was voiced by Japanese actor Kotaro Watanabe in a scene where everything in the world is Japanese. Ahsan Haque of IGN has given Brian a positive review, calling him the best talking man-dog. He also praised Brian's adventures with Stewie calling them, \\\"center of many of the show's best bits\\\". Haque later made a list titled \\\"Family Guy: Stewie and Brian's Greatest Adventures\\\", where he stated that \\\"Brian\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12102987\",\n \"text\": \"series of \\\"Family Guy\\\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz. Each member of the Griffin family and other characters (including Herbert) had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released. Herbert is also featured on the \\\"\\\" CD. Herbert (Family Guy) John Herbert, nicknamed \\\"Herbert the Pervert\\\", is a fictional character in the animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\". He is voiced by Mike Henry, who also created the character. Herbert is a World War II veteran who\",\n \"title\": \"Herbert (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816159\",\n \"text\": \"debate over which characters in \\\"Family Guy\\\" can understand Stewie. In an interview, MacFarlane said that everyone can basically understand him, but they ignore him or just think to themselves \\\"oh how cute\\\" when he talks. However at the 2011 ComicCon panel, he compared this to Wile E. Coyote in the old \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\" cartoons. MacFarlane went on to say that Brian always hears Stewie, and more recently so does Chris, but the writers usually strive for Peter, Lois, and Meg not to hear him. Once Stewie leaves the house, the question of who can hear him depends very much\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3619436\",\n \"text\": \"Wheat Thins. He and Stewie also introduced the 2007 Emmy Awards with a song which recapped the events in television, over the past year. The song was adapted from the one sung by Brian, Stewie and Peter in the \\\"Family Guy\\\" episode \\\"PTV\\\". Brian is featured on the \\\"\\\" CD, and also plays a significant part in \\\"Family Guy Video Game!\\\", the first \\\"Family Guy\\\" video game, which was released by Sierra Entertainment in 2006. He (along with Stewie) features at the center of Family Guy's second video game, \\\"\\\". MacFarlane recorded exclusive material of Brian's voice and other \\\"Family\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12466076\",\n \"text\": \"stuck in a theater seat while Lois bring him food and blankets. A similarly stuck seatmate notes that she won't be coming back. When Chris inquires why, his seatmate notes that Lois is also his mom. Griffin family The Griffin family is a cartoon family from the animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\". The Griffins are a nuclear family consisting of the married couple Peter and Lois, their three children Meg, Chris, and Stewie, and their dog Brian. They live at 31 Spooner Street in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island. Their family car is a red sixth-generation Ford Country\",\n \"title\": \"Griffin family\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19584708\",\n \"text\": \"have frequented a sperm bank in his youth (\\\"A House Full of Peters\\\"), and a behind-the-scenes episode hosted by James Woods (\\\"Inside Family Guy\\\"). The season premiere includes a cameo by Vinny (voiced by Tony Sirico), the dog who temporarily replaced Brian in season 12. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Family Guy (season 15) \\\"Family Guy\\\" fifteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 25, 2016, and ended on May 21, 2017. The season contained 20 episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian,\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 15)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17416904\",\n \"text\": \"(\\\"Fighting Irish\\\"). <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Family Guy (season 13) \\\"Family Guy\\\" thirteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 28, 2014, and ended on May 17, 2015. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season begins with an hour-long crossover with \\\"The Simpsons\\\" entitled \\\"The Simpsons Guy\\\". Guest stars throughout the season include Julie Bowen, Liam Neeson, Maya Rudolph, Chris Hardwick, Emily Osment, T.J. Miller, Lea Thompson, Allison Janney, Connie Britton, and Tony\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 13)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17416902\",\n \"text\": \"Family Guy (season 13) \\\"Family Guy\\\" thirteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 28, 2014, and ended on May 17, 2015. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season begins with an hour-long crossover with \\\"The Simpsons\\\" entitled \\\"The Simpsons Guy\\\". Guest stars throughout the season include Julie Bowen, Liam Neeson, Maya Rudolph, Chris Hardwick, Emily Osment, T.J. Miller, Lea Thompson, Allison Janney, Connie Britton, and Tony Sirico. Also during this\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 13)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5913242\",\n \"text\": \"Dammit Janet (Family Guy) \\\"Dammit Janet\\\" is the 15th episode from the second season of the FOX animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It originally aired on June 13, 2000. This episode features the youngest son of the Griffin family, Stewie, as he develops romantic feelings for Janet, a female infant at a daycare. Lois begins working as a stewardess, but soon wishes to quit; Peter convinces her to keep working because he gets to fly anywhere for free. Stewie realizes that Janet only played with him because he shared his cookies with her. Peter inadvertently flies in the same plane\",\n \"title\": \"Dammit Janet (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7069233\",\n \"text\": \"of sperm samples, and has to refill them, um, himself.\\\" Geoffrey D. Roberts of Real Talk Reviews reviewed the episode negatively, writing \\\"many viewers will probably be disappointed with an episode about sibling rivalry between Stewie and newfound half-brother Bertram. Both share the same goal – to rule the Universe. With Bertram nothing more than a whinier version of his half-brother, it turns out one Stewie Griffin is more than enough.\\\" Sibling Rivalry (Family Guy) \\\"Sibling Rivalry\\\" is the 22nd episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It originally aired on Fox in the United\",\n \"title\": \"Sibling Rivalry (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6974102\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Simpsons\\\" writer/producer Al Jean described \\\"Family Guy\\\" as \\\"a little too derivative of \\\"The Simpsons\\\"\\\" and said it \\\"should be more original.\\\" Writer Chris Ware, author of \\\"Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth,\\\" has noticed several similarities between the title character of his work and Stewie Griffin. Ware has remarked, \\\"[The similarities are] a little too coincidental to be simply, well, coincidental.\\\" He further stated, \\\"I don't want a book of seven years' worth of my stuff to become available and then be accused of being a rip-off of \\\"Family Guy\\\".\\\" 20th Century Fox has insisted that Stewie\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of Family Guy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17517336\",\n \"text\": \"Christmas Guy \\\"Christmas Guy\\\" is the eighth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\" and the 218th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2013, and is written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Greg Colton. The episode features the return of Brian Griffin (who had died two episodes earlier in \\\"Life of Brian\\\") after Stewie goes back in time to save him. The Griffin family goes to Quahog Mall for the annual Christmas Carnival, but they find the festivities have been cancelled, causing Stewie to go\",\n \"title\": \"Christmas Guy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16261828\",\n \"text\": \"dies. Guest stars for the season include Conan O'Brien, Lea Thompson, Jeff Daniels, Michelle Dockery, Tony Sirico, Yvette Nicole Brown, Gary Cole, Lauren Bacall, Liam Neeson, Bryan Cranston, Peter Dinklage, Adam Levine, and Ariana Grande. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The season received mixed to negative reviews. Family Guy (season 12) \\\"Family Guy\\\" twelfth season began airing on Fox on September 29, 2013, and ended on May 18, 2014. The series follows the Griffin family, a dysfunctional family consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. During this\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 12)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18530958\",\n \"text\": \"Family Guy (season 14) \\\"Family Guy\\\" fourteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on September 27, 2015, and ended on May 22, 2016. The season contained 20 episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. Guest stars for the season include Joe Buck, Kyle Chandler, Glenn Close, Anil Kapoor, Kate McKinnon, John Mellencamp, Ed O'Neill, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, and Neil deGrasse Tyson. During this season, the guys head to Korea after Quagmire is\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 14)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3592587\",\n \"text\": \"character class for the game's character creator. MacFarlane recorded exclusive material of Peter's voice and other \\\"Family Guy\\\" characters for a 2007 pinball machine of the show by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of \\\"Family Guy\\\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz, each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released, with various forms of Peter. Alongside the action figures, Peter has been included in various other \\\"Family Guy\\\"-related\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19500752\",\n \"text\": \"place in United States DVD sales; volume seven was the highest-selling television DVD, selling 171,000 units by June 21, 2009. \\\"Family Guy Presents Blue Harvest\\\", the DVD featuring the \\\"Star Wars\\\" special \\\"Blue Harvest\\\", was released on January 15, 2008, and premiered at the top of United States DVD sales. The DVD was the first \\\"Family Guy\\\" DVD to include a digital copy for download to the iPod. In 2004, the first series of \\\"Family Guy\\\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz; each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1565306\",\n \"text\": \"nominated and has won various other awards, including the Teen Choice Awards and the People's Choice Awards. In the 1,000th issue of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\", Brian Griffin was selected as the dog for \\\"The Perfect TV Family\\\".\\\" Wizard Magazine\\\" rated Stewie the 95th-greatest villain of all time. British newspaper \\\"The Times\\\" rated \\\"Family Guy\\\" as the 45th-best American show in 2009. IGN ranked \\\"Family Guy\\\" at number seven in the \\\"Top 100 Animated Series\\\" and number six in the \\\"Top 25 Primetime Animated Series of All Time\\\". \\\"Empire\\\" named it the twelfth-greatest TV show of all time. In 2005 viewers of\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11407788\",\n \"text\": \"mind: the key to being able to dominate the world is understanding the world around you\\\". Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination is an American humor book about \\\"Family Guy\\\" written by producer Steve Callaghan. The book was first published on 20 October 2005. The plot follows Stewie Griffin's plans on ruling the world, despite his only being a minor. Since his birth to Lois and Peter Griffin, Stewie has shown his intentions of world domination, to the extent of storing machine guns and other weapons in his bedroom for usage at\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11407786\",\n \"text\": \"Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination is an American humor book about \\\"Family Guy\\\" written by producer Steve Callaghan. The book was first published on 20 October 2005. The plot follows Stewie Griffin's plans on ruling the world, despite his only being a minor. Since his birth to Lois and Peter Griffin, Stewie has shown his intentions of world domination, to the extent of storing machine guns and other weapons in his bedroom for usage at whim. Upon deciding people must understand his plans before he can perform them, he discusses his\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy: Stewie's Guide to World Domination\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12466055\",\n \"text\": \"sixth season in November 2007, resulting in the show's syndication. The show is contracted to continue producing episodes. MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters, Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin and Stewie Griffin. He has stated that he already knew what kind of voice he was looking for the main characters so it was easier to do it himself. Peter's voice is inspired by the voice of a security guard MacFarlane overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly on Harrison's performance in the 1964\",\n \"title\": \"Griffin family\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12110137\",\n \"text\": \"eye exam. In addition, Lois is seen wearing John Rambo's combat outfit from \\\"Rambo III\\\" in her final battle against Stewie. Ahsan Haque of IGN rated \\\"Stewie Kills Lois\\\" a 9/10, while rating \\\"Lois Kills Stewie\\\" a 9.4/10, saying \\\"For the hundredth episode of \\\"Family Guy\\\", Seth McFarlane and friends tackle the subject of one of Stewie Griffin's greatest ambitions — his not-so-secret desire to kill his mother. For the disturbed fans waiting for some form of a matricidal manifestation, you can feel comfort knowing, without spoiling too much, that the youngest Griffin absolutely means business and ensures that he\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816149\",\n \"text\": \"the multiverse. In \\\"Something, Something, Something, Dark Side\\\", Stewie (who plays the role of Darth Vader) threatens to \\\"choke\\\" the person in charge of the tractor beam. It turns out this person is a muscular man, whom Stewie does \\\"choke\\\", but not by neck. The muscular man states \\\"I can breathe just fine...You're choking my-,\\\" and is interrupted by Stewie who replies, \\\"I know.\\\" It is implied that Stewie is \\\"choking\\\" the man's penis as a means of grasping, suggesting homosexual action on his behalf. On other occasions, such as when Stewie falls in love with a girl, Janet, in\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16568769\",\n \"text\": \"first \\\"Family Guy\\\" console game since \\\"Family Guy Video Game!\\\" in 2006. Upon release, the game received mixed to negative reviews. While praise fell towards its humor and characters, the game was criticized for its gameplay, graphics, and story. When the game was available for pre-order, people who pre-ordered the game received a special level, based on \\\"\\\", another video game based on the \\\"Aliens\\\" trademark also owned by 20th Century Fox, which was released the next February to similar negative reception. In December 2014, \\\"Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse\\\" was removed from Steam. Players control Stewie Griffin and\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14311292\",\n \"text\": \"Family Guy (season 9) \\\"Family Guy\\\" ninth season first aired on the Fox network in eighteen episodes from September 26, 2010 to May 22, 2011 before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. \\\"Family Guy\\\" follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The ninth season, which premiered with the episode \\\"And Then There Were Fewer\\\" and ended with \\\"It's a Trap!\\\", was executive produced by Chris Sheridan, David Goodman, Danny Smith, Mark Hentemann, Steve Callaghan and series creator\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 9)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13213629\",\n \"text\": \"audio commentaries and deleted scenes. Family Guy (season 8) \\\"Family Guy\\\" eighth season first aired on the Fox network in twenty-one episodes from September 27, 2009, to May 23, 2010, before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. It ran on Sunday nights between May and July 2010 on BBC Three in the UK. The animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\" follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The eighth season, which premiered with the episode \\\"Road to the\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13213613\",\n \"text\": \"Family Guy (season 8) \\\"Family Guy\\\" eighth season first aired on the Fox network in twenty-one episodes from September 27, 2009, to May 23, 2010, before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. It ran on Sunday nights between May and July 2010 on BBC Three in the UK. The animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\" follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The eighth season, which premiered with the episode \\\"Road to the Multiverse\\\" and ended with \\\"Something,\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16044705\",\n \"text\": \"Family Guy Viewer Mail 2 \\\"Family Guy Viewer Mail #2\\\" is the twenty-second episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". The episode originally aired with the succeeding episode \\\"Internal Affairs\\\" on Fox in the United States on May 20, 2012. In the episode, Brian and Stewie respond to viewer mail. Three segments respectively feature a British version of \\\"Family Guy\\\", Peter Griffin turning everybody he touches into Robin Williams, and a typical day from Stewie's point of view. The episode is a sequel to the first viewer mail episode in the show's third season. The\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy Viewer Mail 2\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14782959\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\\\". Road to ... (Family Guy) The Road to... episodes, also known as the \\\"Family Guy Road\\\" shows, are a series of episodes in the animated series \\\"Family Guy\\\". They are a parody of the seven \\\"Road to...\\\" comedy films, starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, and Dorothy Lamour. These episodes revolve around Stewie Griffin and Brian on a road trip in a foreign, supernatural or science fiction setting not familiar to the show's normal location in Quahog, Rhode Island. The first, titled \\\"Road to Rhode Island\\\", aired on May 30, 2000, as a part of the\",\n \"title\": \"Road to ... (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14782942\",\n \"text\": \"Road to ... (Family Guy) The Road to... episodes, also known as the \\\"Family Guy Road\\\" shows, are a series of episodes in the animated series \\\"Family Guy\\\". They are a parody of the seven \\\"Road to...\\\" comedy films, starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, and Dorothy Lamour. These episodes revolve around Stewie Griffin and Brian on a road trip in a foreign, supernatural or science fiction setting not familiar to the show's normal location in Quahog, Rhode Island. The first, titled \\\"Road to Rhode Island\\\", aired on May 30, 2000, as a part of the second season. The episodes are\",\n \"title\": \"Road to ... (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816155\",\n \"text\": \"In a list of Stewie and Brian's greatest adventures, five of the Road to... episodes occupied the top five places. In 2018, Watchmojo.com ranked him #1 on their \\\"Top 10 Family Guy Characters\\\" list. Several commentators, including its author Chris Ware, have noticed similarities between the title character of the graphic novel \\\"Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth\\\" (first published in 1995) and Stewie. Ware has remarked that the similarities are \\\"a little too coincidental to be simply, well, coincidental.\\\" He further stated, \\\"I don't want a book of seven years' worth of my stuff to become available and\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816157\",\n \"text\": \"him in taking over the world. Desperate to stop him, Stewie shrinks himself and makes his way to Bertram's lair within Peter's testicles to discover his plan, destroys his henchman cloning lab, and rescues a kidnapped Rupert from a rocket. He finally confronts Bertram in the park, where Bertram turns himself into a giant. \\\"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story\\\" is a DVD movie about Stewie's secret and what can possibly be his future. Stewie is also a playable character (along with Brian) in the show's second video game, \\\"\\\", where the pair travel through the multiverse again, in order to\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8591439\",\n \"text\": \"the Griffin family attending. Everyone goes into the theatre where Channel 5 reveals they have hired Glenn Quagmire to provide them with a bootleg copy of the film. We then see an advertisement for a new movie, \\\"People Who Look Like They Never Sleep...\\\" starring Susan Sarandon and Vince Vaughn, and another film, \\\"The Littlest Bunny\\\", made by Disney and featuring music by Randy Newman. After this, the film begins. When the Griffins go swimming at the Quahog Community Pool, Peter tries teaching Stewie to swim and attempts to toss him into the pool, despite Stewie begging to be put\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3619336\",\n \"text\": \"Caviar Eater\\\", (season 2, 1999). In \\\"IGN's Family Guy: Top 10 Fights\\\", Lois ranked on two places, in number seven and number 6 for Lois's fight with Stewie in \\\"Lois Kills Stewie\\\" and in the Griffin Family Fight from \\\"Barely Legal\\\", respectively. In 2018, Watchmojo.com ranked her #2 on their \\\"Top 10 Cartoon MILFs\\\" list. Lois has had several television appearances outside of \\\"Family Guy\\\". She and Peter both had a cameo on \\\"Drawn Together\\\" in the episode \\\"The Lemon-AIDS Walk\\\" where she was voiced by Borstein. In the \\\"Family Guy\\\" parodies of the \\\"Star Wars\\\" original trilogy titled \\\"Blue\",\n \"title\": \"Lois Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5913250\",\n \"text\": \"when he's in love is always fun\\\". However, he noted that Peter is \\\"particularly obnoxious\\\" in the episode, and he \\\"increasingly becomes more and more unrealistic\\\". Dammit Janet (Family Guy) \\\"Dammit Janet\\\" is the 15th episode from the second season of the FOX animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It originally aired on June 13, 2000. This episode features the youngest son of the Griffin family, Stewie, as he develops romantic feelings for Janet, a female infant at a daycare. Lois begins working as a stewardess, but soon wishes to quit; Peter convinces her to keep working because he gets to\",\n \"title\": \"Dammit Janet (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19800272\",\n \"text\": \"Hot Shots (Family Guy) \\\"Hot Shots\\\" is the sixth episode of the fifteenth season of the animated sitcom \\\"Family Guy\\\", and the 275th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 13, 2016, and is written by David A. Goodman and directed by John Holmquist. In this episode, Peter and Lois open up a protest to convince the town to ban vaccination in Quahog after learning about possible bad side-effects within it, causing consequences to happen to Stewie. When a bat invades the Griffin's home at the time when the Griffin family was watching Rational Geographic,\",\n \"title\": \"Hot Shots (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12774961\",\n \"text\": \"Century Fox in the United States and Canada on October 21, 2008, five months after they had completed broadcast on television. The DVD release also features bonus material including deleted scenes, commentaries, and a 'making of' featurette. Family Guy (season 5) \\\"Family Guy\\\" fifth season first aired on the Fox network in eighteen episodes from September 10, 2006 to May 20, 2007 before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. It premiered with the episode \\\"Stewie Loves Lois\\\" and finished with \\\"Meet the Quagmires\\\". The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816138\",\n \"text\": \"(whom he traditionally calls \\\"Megan\\\") as when he chided Brian's coke-induced hostility to her (\\\"The Thin White Line\\\"), retracted his joke, \\\"I hate you too, bitch\\\" when Meg said \\\"I hate you all\\\" to the family (\\\"Untitled Griffin Family History\\\"), and wiped her tears during a weepy moment. On a more frequent basis though, Stewie constantly disrespects Meg, as he does with most elders, often being rude to her and subjecting her to the malice of his misbehavior, once even tricking her outside to be attacked by bees on steroids. He generally thinks of Peter as an inferior regarding him\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16568770\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Griffin in an adventure that pits them against Stewie's evil half-brother, Bertram. \\\"Back to the Multiverse\\\" features both co-operative and competitive multiplayer modes built around the characters. Extra challenge levels, multiplayer maps, costumes, and playable \\\"Family Guy\\\" characters are unlocked through gameplay. Brian and Stewie are spending time at home when Bertram appears out of nowhere in a flash of light. Stewie is appalled by this, as he had killed Bertram in the past. Bertram responds by explaining that he is from another reality where Stewie never killed him, and expresses his disgust that there exists a universe without\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2816307\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Griffin Christopher Cross \\\"Chris\\\" Griffin is a fictional character from the animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\". He is the middle child of Peter and Lois Griffin and brother of Stewie and Meg Griffin. He is voiced by Seth Green and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in a 15-minute short on December 20, 1998. Chris was created and designed by MacFarlane himself, who was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company, based on \\\"The Life of Larry\\\" and \\\"Larry & Steve\\\", two shorts made by MacFarlane featuring a middle-aged man\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3592565\",\n \"text\": \"& Steve\\\". He has appeared in several pieces of \\\"Family Guy\\\" merchandise, including toys, T-shirts, and video games, and has made crossover appearances in other shows, including \\\"The Simpsons\\\", \\\"South Park\\\", \\\"Drawn Together\\\", \\\"American Dad!\\\", and the \\\"Family Guy\\\" spin-off \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\". Peter Griffin is a middle class Irish American, who is a bespectacled, obese blue collar worker with a prominent Rhode Island and Eastern Massachusetts accent. Peter and his wife Lois have three children; Meg, Chris, and Stewie. He is the illegitimate son of Thelma Griffin and Mickey McFinnigan, and was raised by Thelma and his stepfather Francis\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12110129\",\n \"text\": \"this, the scene cuts to black mid-sentence. \\\"Stewie Kills Lois\\\" and \\\"Lois Kills Stewie\\\" are the 102nd and 103rd episodes of \\\"Family Guy\\\" respectively. They are the fourth and fifth episodes of the sixth season of the show. \\\"Stewie Kills Lois\\\" was written by executive producer and former \\\"Futurama\\\" and \\\"South Park\\\" writer David A. Goodman. The episode was directed by John Holmquist. \\\"Lois Kills Stewie\\\" was written by recurring voice actor and future showrunner Steve Callaghan, and directed by Greg Colton. Colton and Callaghan previously worked on the season 5 episode \\\"Whistle While Your Wife Works\\\". Before the airing\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12466073\",\n \"text\": \"15 premiere, \\\"The Boys in the Band\\\", where he makes a cameo). Peter Griffin Jr. Peter Griffin JR. was a possible infant son of Peter and Lois Griffin named after his father. His grave is seen in \\\"The Juice Is Loose\\\". Peter shook him until he stopped crying, killing him. In an attempt to comfort Lois he explains, if he shook him enough he would stop crying. Dave Griffin Dave Griffin was Stewie Griffin's twin brother that died during childbirth. When Brian insults Stewie for listening to Anne Murray in \\\"Chris Cross\\\", Stewie tries to convince him to give it\",\n \"title\": \"Griffin family\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17517335\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Simpsons\\\" with 6.78 million. Life of Brian (Family Guy) \\\"Life of Brian\\\" is the sixth episode of the twelfth season and the 216th overall episode of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on November 24, 2013, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joseph Lee. The episode revolves around the death of Brian Griffin, after being struck by a car, and the family coping with the loss by adopting a replacement dog, Vinny. Brian and Stewie flee a band of hostile Native Americans in a Jeep. Brian\",\n \"title\": \"Life of Brian (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17517322\",\n \"text\": \"Life of Brian (Family Guy) \\\"Life of Brian\\\" is the sixth episode of the twelfth season and the 216th overall episode of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on November 24, 2013, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joseph Lee. The episode revolves around the death of Brian Griffin, after being struck by a car, and the family coping with the loss by adopting a replacement dog, Vinny. Brian and Stewie flee a band of hostile Native Americans in a Jeep. Brian explains that on a trip\",\n \"title\": \"Life of Brian (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12774831\",\n \"text\": \"Best Voice-over Performance for providing the voice of Stewie in \\\"Brian the Bachelor\\\". At the Annie Awards the following year, John Viener was nominated in the category Writing in an Animated Television Production, for writing \\\"Untitled Griffin Family History\\\", but lost the award to Ian Maxtone-Graham, who wrote the episode of \\\"The Simpsons\\\" titled \\\"The Seemingly Neverending Story\\\". The editors of the episode \\\"Blind Ambition\\\" won the Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Television Animated. Season 4 received positive reviews from critics. Reviewing the season premiere, Mark McGuire of \\\"The Times Union\\\" wrote: \\\"...\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15886802\",\n \"text\": \"tend to appear as some bizarro version of themselves.\\\" Stewie Goes for a Drive \\\"Stewie Goes for a Drive\\\" is the fourth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 6, 2011. The plot depicts actor Ryan Reynolds moving into the house across the street, and Peter Griffin befriending him. Ryan flirts with Peter, making Peter uncomfortable, and their friendship ends. Meanwhile, Stewie takes Brian's car for a joy ride, and crashes it into a lamp post. Fearing the consequences, Stewie runs away from home,\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Goes for a Drive\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15886785\",\n \"text\": \"Stewie Goes for a Drive \\\"Stewie Goes for a Drive\\\" is the fourth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 6, 2011. The plot depicts actor Ryan Reynolds moving into the house across the street, and Peter Griffin befriending him. Ryan flirts with Peter, making Peter uncomfortable, and their friendship ends. Meanwhile, Stewie takes Brian's car for a joy ride, and crashes it into a lamp post. Fearing the consequences, Stewie runs away from home, but then needs Brian's help when he ends up\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Goes for a Drive\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16316248\",\n \"text\": \"Killer Queen (Family Guy) \\\"Killer Queen\\\" is the sixteenth episode of the tenth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 11, 2012. When Peter and Chris go away to fat camp, they cross paths with a serial killer who targets overweight teens. Meanwhile, Stewie is traumatized by the cover of the 1977 Queen album \\\"News of the World\\\". The title of the episode is based on the Queen song of the same name which plays during the end credits. This episode was written by Spencer Porter and directed\",\n \"title\": \"Killer Queen (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18900552\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Family Guy\\\", in order to star as the character in his own spin-off, entitled \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\". \\\"Go, Stewie, Go!\\\", along with the eleven other episodes from \\\"Family Guy\\\"s eighth season, was released on a three-disc DVD set in the United States on December 13, 2011. The sets include brief audio commentaries by various crew and cast members for several episodes, a collection of deleted scenes and animatics, a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating \\\"And Then There Were Fewer\\\", a mini-feature entitled \\\"The Comical Adventures of \\\"Family Guy\\\" – Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"Go, Stewie, Go!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12110143\",\n \"text\": \"highly choreographed. \\\"Lois Kills Stewie\\\" was voted #9, and \\\"Stewie Kills Lois\\\" was voted #8 on BBC Three's list of Top Ten Family Guy Episodes. Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie \\\"Stewie Kills Lois\\\" and \\\"Lois Kills Stewie\\\" is a two-part episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Family Guy\\\", which was originally produced for the end of Season 5. Respectively, both are the fourth and fifth episode of their season, and they premiered in the United States on Fox on November 4 and 11, 2007. In the former, housewife Lois receives cruise tickets from anthropomorphic\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie Kills Lois and Lois Kills Stewie\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18057570\",\n \"text\": \"Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure \\\"Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure\\\" is the seventh episode of the thirteenth season of the animated sitcom \\\"Family Guy\\\", and the 238th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 4, 2015, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joe Vaux. In the episode, Stewie and Brian take Chris back in time so he can perform well in a history exam. The title is a play on the time travel film \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\". Chris Griffin gives his parents Peter and Lois a note stating\",\n \"title\": \"Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3592569\",\n \"text\": \"of $50,000. Several aspects of \\\"Family Guy\\\" were inspired by the \\\"Larry\\\" shorts. While working on the series, the characters of Larry and his dog Steve slowly evolved into Peter and Brian. MacFarlane stated that the difference between \\\"The Life of Larry\\\" and \\\"Family Guy\\\" was that \\\"\\\"Life of Larry\\\" was shown primarily in my dorm room and \\\"Family Guy\\\" was shown after the Super Bowl.\\\" The voice of Peter is provided by MacFarlane, who also provides the voice for Brian, Stewie and Quagmire. MacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, most prominently those\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11306481\",\n \"text\": \"MacFarlane, Chris Sheridan, Neil Goldman, Garrett Donovan, Ricky Blitt, Andrew Gormley, supervising producers Danny Smith and Gary Janetti, co-producers Matt Weitzman and Mike Barker, and voice actor Mike Henry. There were six directors for the seven episodes, with Michael DiMartino directing two. Peter Shin acted as the supervising director for the entire season. Walter Murphey composed the season's music tracks, while Stan Jones edited them. Season one had a cast of four main actors. MacFarlane voiced Peter Griffin, a blue-collar worker and the patriarch of the Griffin family. The family's evil-genius baby Stewie and their anthropromorphic pet dog Brian, were\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3271397\",\n \"text\": \"a metal folding chair instead of a breakaway one and injures Karen to the point where she ends up in a coma and (as it is implied) possibly will die from her injuries without a blood transfusion. Meg Griffin Megan \\\"Meg\\\" Griffin is a fictional character in the animated television series \\\"Family Guy\\\". Meg is the eldest child of Peter and Lois Griffin and older sister of Stewie and Chris, but is also the family's scapegoat who receives the least of their attention and bears the brunt of their abuse. She is often bullied, ridiculed, and ignored. Meg first appeared\",\n \"title\": \"Meg Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1565303\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Family Guy\\\" for years and considers Stewie her favorite character. Commenting on his appearance in the episode \\\"Big Man on Hippocampus\\\" (season 8, 2010), actor Dwayne Johnson stated that he was a \\\"big fan\\\" of \\\"Family Guy\\\". Johnson befriended MacFarlane after he had a minor role in Johnson's 2010 film \\\"Tooth Fairy\\\". R&B singer Rihanna has admitted to being a fan of \\\"Family Guy\\\", as has pop singer Britney Spears; she tries to imitate Stewie's English accent. Spears, who was mocked for her personal problems in the \\\"South Park\\\" episode \\\"Britney's New Look\\\" in 2008, offered to appear in a\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12774956\",\n \"text\": \"for Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production. The season was nominated for three other Annie Awards—Character Animation in a Television Production (Eileen Kohlhepp for the series itself), Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production (Mila Kunis for \\\"Barely Legal\\\"), and Writing in an Animated Television Production (Kirker Butler for \\\"Barely Legal\\\"). The Parents Television Council, a frequent critic of \\\"Family Guy\\\", branded \\\"Stewie Loves Lois\\\", \\\"Barely Legal\\\", \\\"No Meals on Wheels\\\", and \\\"Bill and Peter's Bogus Journey\\\" as the \\\"worst show of the week.\\\" In response to this criticism, executive producer David Goodman claimed that \\\"Family Guy\\\" is \\\"absolutely for\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16201568\",\n \"text\": \"from Max Burkholder, Gary Cole, Rob Corddry, Judy Greer, Jonathan Morgan Heit, Kevin Michael Richardson, Sage Ryan, Nicole Sullivan, and Josh Robert Thompson along with several recurring voice actors for the series. This episode was named after the Bon Jovi song of the same name. The Griffin family goes to the Quahog Public Library for the Children's Sing-a-long activity held by Bruce. While there, Stewie meets a boy named Scotty Jennings and his parents Ben and Hope, whom Lois and Peter befriend. Lois organizes a play date for Stewie and Scotty. Everything goes well until Scotty suddenly falls ill whilst\",\n \"title\": \"Livin' on a Prayer (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3619338\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Family Guy\\\" video game, which was released by 2K Games in 2006. Borstein recorded exclusive material of Lois for a 2007 pinball machine of the show by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of \\\"Family Guy\\\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz, each member of the Griffin family had their own, except for Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released, with various forms of Peter. As of 2009, six books have been released about the \\\"Family Guy\\\" universe, all published by HarperCollins\",\n \"title\": \"Lois Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14782944\",\n \"text\": \"episodes from the seventh season, were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in the \\\"Outstanding Comedy Series\\\" category, the first time in 48 years multiple episodes of one animated series were nominated for the same award. \\\"Road to\\\" episodes typically consist of three parts following a series of theatrical or cultural-themed credits, and beginning with a segment at the Griffin family home in Quahog, Rhode Island. This segment usually establishes a conflict that Stewie and Brian must overcome by leaving Quahog and the rest of the Griffin family. For the second segment, Stewie and Brian obtain the established goal, which\",\n \"title\": \"Road to ... (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3619437\",\n \"text\": \"Guy\\\" characters for a 2007 pinball machine of the show by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of \\\"Family Guy\\\" toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz, each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released. As of 2009, six books have been released about the \\\"Family Guy\\\" universe, all published by HarperCollins since 2005. This include \\\"\\\" (), which covers the entire events of the episode \\\"It Takes a Village\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1565265\",\n \"text\": \"Pewterschmidt family; Meg, their often-bullied teenage daughter who is also constantly ridiculed or ignored by the family; Chris, their awkward teenage son, who is overweight, unintelligent and, in many respects, is simply a younger version of his father; and Stewie, their diabolical infant son of ambiguous sexual orientation who has adult mannerisms and uses stereotypical archvillain phrases. Living with the family is their witty, smoking, martini-swilling, sarcastic, English-speaking anthropomorphic dog Brian, though he is still considered a pet in many ways. Recurring characters appear alongside the Griffin family. These include the family's neighbors: sex-crazed airline pilot bachelor Quagmire; African-American deli\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16001817\",\n \"text\": \"Hagerty, actor Jonathan Morgan Heit, actress Christine Lakin and actor Patrick Stewart guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Alexandra Breckenridge, actor Chris Cox, writer Mike Desilets, actor Ralph Garman, writer Gary Janetti, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances throughout the episode. Recurring guest cast members Adam West, Jennifer Tilly and Patrick Warburton also appeared in the episode as Mayor Adam West, Bonnie Swanson, and Joe Swanson respectively. As the Griffin family prepare to sit down for their dinner, baby Stewie is shown watching television, with the annual Macy's Thanksgiving\",\n \"title\": \"Thanksgiving (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15774322\",\n \"text\": \"graphics. The game uses typical MMORPG character classes such as having Stewie act as a ranger, Peter as a tank, and Lois as a healer. Players create their own character in the game using the Griffin family as a template. The actual characters from the show are reserved as non-playable characters (NPCs) in the game in order to give the player quests and advance the storyline \\\"(pictured)\\\". The NPCs in the game are voiced by the same voice actors in the show. The game used two types of in-game currency: cash and clams. Clams are earned by completing in-game objectives.\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy Online\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17517326\",\n \"text\": \"swinging at junk\\\". As Brian's casket is lowered into his grave, Stewie throws a final red rose onto the casket and he and the Griffin family watch on tearfully. A month later, the Griffin family still misses Brian dearly and Lois decides the best way for them to recover is to get a new dog. Peter chooses an Italian smooth-talking dog named Vinny at the pet shop. At home, Vinny offers to make dinner and ingratiates himself with the family. At the Drunken Clam, Peter introduces Vinny to Joe and Quagmire and they become drinking buddies. Stewie is still not\",\n \"title\": \"Life of Brian (Family Guy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16044707\",\n \"text\": \"the first viewer mail episode, Brian and Stewie read their mail from viewers and tell three stories. The episode uses the premise that \\\"Family Guy\\\" is based on a British television show. The characters from \\\"Family Guy\\\" are all presented as English, apart from Stewie, who is a devoutly religious redneck with a hillbilly accent, as he already has an English accent in the main show. Brian is also an effeminate horse. In this British version of the series, Neville (Peter) states that he is going to the pub to meet his friends. When the news announces that Queen Elizabeth\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy Viewer Mail 2\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1565316\",\n \"text\": \"digitally inserted Stewie and Brian) the ceremony's opening number. He performed a song insulting modern television to the tune of the song \\\"The Fellas At The Freakin' F.C.C.\\\" performed in the episode \\\"PTV\\\". The song insulted TV shows such as \\\"Two and a Half Men\\\", \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\", and \\\"Scrubs\\\", as well as the final scene of \\\"The Sopranos\\\". In 2009, a special televised performance show aired entitled \\\"Family Guy Presents Seth & Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show\\\", in which voice actors Alex Borstein and MacFarlane performed songs from the show, as well as a parody of Lady Gaga's song \\\"Poker\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1565304\",\n \"text\": \"cameo to hit back at the similar animated show, but MacFarlane declined, stating that he did not want to start a feud with the series. \\\"Family Guy\\\" and its cast have been nominated for 24 Emmy Awards, with 7 wins. MacFarlane won the Outstanding Voice-Over Performance award for his performance as Stewie; Murphy and MacFarlane won the Outstanding Music and Lyrics award for the song \\\"You Got a Lot to See\\\" from the episode \\\"Brian Wallows and Peter's Swallows\\\"; Steven Fonti won the Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation award for his storyboard work in the episode \\\"No Chris Left Behind\\\";\",\n \"title\": \"Family Guy\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["seth macfarlane"],"string":"[\n \"seth macfarlane\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1292,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did paul rudd go to high school?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3201145","text":"and his mother's family's surname was originally \"Goldstein\". Rudd had a Bar Mitzvah service. Growing up, he loved reading British comics, \"The Beano\" and \"The Dandy\", which his uncle in the U.K. would send to him. When he was ten, Rudd's family moved to Lenexa, Kansas. His family also spent three years living in Anaheim, California, because of his father's occupation. Rudd attended Broadmoor Junior High and graduated from Shawnee Mission West High School in the class of 1987. Rudd attended the University of Kansas, where he majored in theater. He was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity's Nu","title":"Paul Rudd"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201145\",\n \"text\": \"and his mother's family's surname was originally \\\"Goldstein\\\". Rudd had a Bar Mitzvah service. Growing up, he loved reading British comics, \\\"The Beano\\\" and \\\"The Dandy\\\", which his uncle in the U.K. would send to him. When he was ten, Rudd's family moved to Lenexa, Kansas. His family also spent three years living in Anaheim, California, because of his father's occupation. Rudd attended Broadmoor Junior High and graduated from Shawnee Mission West High School in the class of 1987. Rudd attended the University of Kansas, where he majored in theater. He was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity's Nu\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"16600748","text":"Paul Rudd (DJ) Paul Rudd (born 15 September 1979), also known professionally as DJ Paul Rudd, is an English House Music DJ, songwriter, record producer, recording artist, label owner and remixer. Starting as a radio DJ during the 1990s, he went on to DJ at venues around the world, before returning to the UK club scene. Rudd has released fifthteen singles to date and his debut album, The Sound of London, came out in November 2012. Paul Rudd (born 15 September 1979) in Kent, always had musical influences from both of his parents. Paul even set up a School Radio","title":"Paul Rudd (DJ)"},{"psg_id":"13279845","text":"\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"psg_id":"13279844","text":"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\". The Allmusic review of \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" by Lindsay Planer said","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"psg_id":"11939649","text":"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \"Where Did They Go\" and \"My Sweet Lord,\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \"Where Did They Go\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"14876618","text":"same play he saw at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre while visiting London. Starting in 2004, Rudd was a teaching faculty member and associate director of the MFA drama program at the New School for Drama until his death. Rudd died at his Greenwich, Connecticut home at the age of 70 from pancreatic cancer. He was survived by his wife, Martha, and three children. Clive Barnes, while reviewing \"Romeo and Juliet\", wrote in \"The New York Times\": Paul Ryan Rudd Paul Ryan Rudd (born Paul Kenneth Rudd; May 15, 1940 – August 12, 2010) was an American actor, director, and a professor.","title":"Paul Ryan Rudd"},{"psg_id":"11939648","text":"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \"Where Did They Go\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \"Billboard\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \"Is That All There Is?\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \"My Rock And Foundation\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \"Where Did They Go\" (backed by \"All I Want\") as a 45\" single","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"15358177","text":"Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \"Baby Love\", \"Come","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"15358184","text":"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"11903014","text":"Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \"It's an Attack!\" as the B-side. A live recording of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"18295773","text":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\" seeks to discover where the funds raised for the relief effort after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti really went. Taking","title":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go"},{"psg_id":"18295781","text":"Best Investigative Documentary •2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary •2013 Women's International Film Festival Best Documentary Short Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\" seeks","title":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go"},{"psg_id":"11903016","text":"\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" was also included on \"The Final\" and \"Music from the Edge of Heaven\" albums. George Michael's arrangement of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is relatively faithful to the original Was (Not Was) version making only subtle changes to the song's instrumentation and structure. Michael alters the song by dropping the opening chorus in favour of an instrumental introduction of the chorus melody. The subdued ending is protracted in the Wham! recording, where the Was (Not Was) original quickly fades out after the completion of the final chorus; Michael's arrangement continues for an additional half a","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"11903018","text":"video for the Wham! version of the song was directed by George Michael and Andy Morahan. Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"6114571","text":"on December 29, 1964. It was equivalent to Motown 25 or Live Aid as a pivotal music concert event . When it hit theaters nationwide, it undoubtedly raised and extended the visibility of the \"Where Did Our Love Go\" album. All tracks written by Holland–Dozier–Holland except as noted. The original album sold a million copies {in 1964-1965} stateside alone. The limited exclusive \"40th Anniversary\" version is now listed as \"sold out\". It remains, to date, their third best-selling studio album. Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"14876614","text":"1940. He attended Boston Latin School and later Assumption Preparatory School, graduating in 1958. He earned a degree in psychology from Fairfield University. Originally named Paul Kenneth Rudd, he adopted Ryan as his middle name from his mother’s maiden name, whose name had become Kathryn Rudd after marriage. He studied for the Roman Catholic priesthood but left, recognizing that the vocation was not for him. At some point, he married Joan Mannion, whom he later divorced. Rudd worked in entertainment from 1967-86, variously as actor or as director, both on and off-Broadway. He landed his first significant Broadway role in","title":"Paul Ryan Rudd"},{"psg_id":"6114568","text":"Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group The Supremes, released in 1964. The album includes several of the group's singles and B-sides from 1963 and 1964. Included are the group's first Billboard Pop Singles number-one hits, \"Where Did Our Love Go\", \"Baby Love\", and \"Come See About Me\", as well as their first Top 40 hit, \"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\", and the singles \"A Breathtaking Guy\" and \"Run, Run, Run\". With the release of this album, The Supremes became the first act in","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"13579887","text":"her 1992 album \"Entre a Mi Mundo\". Where Did the Feeling Go? \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \"Selena\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on","title":"Where Did the Feeling Go?"},{"psg_id":"13579886","text":"Where Did the Feeling Go? \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \"Selena\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the \"20 Years of Music\" version of","title":"Where Did the Feeling Go?"},{"psg_id":"16600759","text":"in the press that he is already writing new material. He was then seen posting images on Instagram in September 2018 of studio writing sessions with vocalist Rachael Hawnt. Paul Rudd (DJ) Paul Rudd (born 15 September 1979), also known professionally as DJ Paul Rudd, is an English House Music DJ, songwriter, record producer, recording artist, label owner and remixer. Starting as a radio DJ during the 1990s, he went on to DJ at venues around the world, before returning to the UK club scene. Rudd has released fifthteen singles to date and his debut album, The Sound of London,","title":"Paul Rudd (DJ)"},{"psg_id":"11690819","text":"released as a radio-single in the United States, where the song received airplay but failed to chart due in part to no official release. The video features Liam being interviewed whilst Noel sings whilst reading a newspaper and looking at what is going on in the building opposite where he and the band are. Where Did It All Go Wrong? \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs","title":"Where Did It All Go Wrong?"},{"psg_id":"3201146","text":"Chapter there. He studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts/West in Los Angeles with fellow actor Matthew Lillard. Rudd spent three months studying Jacobean drama at the British American Drama Academy based in Oxford, England. While attending acting school, Rudd worked as a Bar Mitzvah disc jockey. After graduation he worked a variety of odd jobs, including glazing hams at the Holiday Ham Company in Overland Park, Kansas. Rudd made his acting debut in 1992 with the television drama \"Sisters\" where he played Kirby Quimby Philby. In 1994, he appeared in \"Wild Oats\" for six episodes. Rudd left \"Sisters\"","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"13579999","text":"this single did prove popular on the radio. Where Did All the Love Go? \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \"New Musical Express\" stating that \"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \"The Sun\" that","title":"Where Did All the Love Go?"},{"psg_id":"11690817","text":"Where Did It All Go Wrong? \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs on \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\" that features him on lead vocals. In explaining why front man Liam Gallagher did not sing the song, Noel claimed that: \"[Vocally] Liam just couldn't get that one. The melody shifts quite a lot... Liam hasn't got that dynamism in his voice.\" Noel stated that the song's","title":"Where Did It All Go Wrong?"},{"psg_id":"9037004","text":"are mixed without hi-hat. In 1992 when the Original cast CD was released, the hi-hat was suddenly apparent in the recording. It is most likely that the hi-hat was always present in the mix, but just not loud enough to be heard. It was probably boosted in the remix and subsequent remastering. Where Did the Good Times Go? \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\" is, what is popularly termed, the \"big ballad\" or \"11 o'clock number\" from the musical \"Over Here!\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment","title":"Where Did the Good Times Go?"},{"psg_id":"13579997","text":"Where Did All the Love Go? \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \"New Musical Express\" stating that \"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \"The Sun\" that \"Kids today grow up really quickly and there's","title":"Where Did All the Love Go?"},{"psg_id":"3201143","text":"(2018), and \"Ideal Home\" (2018). Beginning in 2015, Rudd has played Scott Lang/Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in \"Ant-Man\" (2015), \"\" (2016), \"Ant-Man and the Wasp\" (2018), and the upcoming \"\" (2019). In addition to his film career, Rudd has appeared in numerous television shows, including the NBC sitcom \"Friends\" as Mike Hannigan, along with guest roles on \"Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!\" and \"Parks and Recreation\" (as businessman Bobby Newport) and hosting \"Saturday Night Live\". Rudd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 1, 2015. Paul Rudd was born in Passaic,","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"9037003","text":"Where Did the Good Times Go? \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\" is, what is popularly termed, the \"big ballad\" or \"11 o'clock number\" from the musical \"Over Here!\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment of drama when all seems lost toward the end of the second act. The song was somewhat successful as a single for Patty Andrews, who debuted the song in the show. The song was written by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman. The recording on both the LP and the single","title":"Where Did the Good Times Go?"},{"psg_id":"14876613","text":"Paul Ryan Rudd Paul Ryan Rudd (born Paul Kenneth Rudd; May 15, 1940 – August 12, 2010) was an American actor, director, and a professor. He appeared as the title character in a 1976 production of Shakespeare's \"Henry V\", opposite Meryl Streep as his love interest. Though best known for his live theatre performances, such as those on Broadway and the New York Shakespeare Festival, he also appeared in the 1978 film \"The Betsy\" and on television in the 1975 short-lived series \"Beacon Hill\" as Brian Mallory, the scheming Irish chauffeur. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 15,","title":"Paul Ryan Rudd"},{"psg_id":"2348222","text":"as a nurse, Rudd's mother moved the family to Nambour, and Rudd rebuilt his standing through study and scholastic application and was dux of Nambour State High School in 1974. His future Treasurer Wayne Swan attended the same school at the same time, although they did not know each other as Swan was three years ahead. In that year, he was also the Queensland winner of the Rotary \"Youth Speaks for Australia\" public speaking contest. Rudd studied at the Australian National University in Canberra, where he resided at Burgmann College and graduated with Bachelor of Arts (Asian Studies) with First-Class","title":"Kevin Rudd"},{"psg_id":"15442408","text":"Alexander Rudd Alexander Paul Rudd (born 1981) is an English award-winning composer, songwriter and conductor working in film, television, theatre and the concert hall. At the age of 16, Rudd won the National Young Composer of the Year Award. He is a Fulbright Scholar and studied at Trinity College of Music and the University of Southern California. In 2009, Rudd received a UK Film Council Award, enabling him to work and study in Los Angeles. His mentor is American composer and songwriter Randy Newman. He was a student at Our Lady’s High School, Fulwood, Preston – although he also spent","title":"Alexander Rudd"},{"psg_id":"11903015","text":"was included as a B-side to the 1992 single \"Somewhere in America (There's a Street Named After My Dad)\". \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" was covered by the British pop duo Wham! on 14 October 1986 as one of the three B-sides to \"The Edge of Heaven\" in the UK, where it reached number 1. The song was also released separately as Wham!'s final single in several territories most notably in the US where it peaked at number 50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in November 1986. It was produced and re-arranged by George Michael with engineering by Chris Porter.","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"3201159","text":"store they saved from being closed after the previous owner, a friend of theirs, died suddenly. Paul Rudd Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, writer and film producer who studied theatre at the University of Kansas and the American Drama Academy, before making his acting debut in 1992 with NBC's drama series \"Sisters\". He is known for his starring roles in the films \"Clueless\" (1995), \"Romeo + Juliet\" (1996), \"Wet Hot American Summer\" (2001), \"\" (2004), \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\" (2005), \"Knocked Up\" (2007), \"Role Models\" (2008), \"I Love You, Man\" (2009), \"This Is 40\"","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"3201142","text":"Paul Rudd Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, writer and film producer who studied theatre at the University of Kansas and the American Drama Academy, before making his acting debut in 1992 with NBC's drama series \"Sisters\". He is known for his starring roles in the films \"Clueless\" (1995), \"Romeo + Juliet\" (1996), \"Wet Hot American Summer\" (2001), \"\" (2004), \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\" (2005), \"Knocked Up\" (2007), \"Role Models\" (2008), \"I Love You, Man\" (2009), \"This Is 40\" (2012), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"\" (2013), \"The Fundamentals of Caring\" (2016), \"Mute\"","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"9364957","text":"St. Paul High School (Ohio) Saint Paul High School is a private, Catholic high school located in Norwalk, Ohio. It is part of Norwalk Catholic Schools, a K-12 organization of schools and parishes in Norwalk and neighboring Milan. SPHS has a current enrollment of 237 students and is one of fourteen high schools in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo. The athletic teams are called the Flyers. In 1917, when Fr. George Forst became the pastor at St. Paul Church he did everything he could to make St. Paul High School (then a two-year commercial High School) into a four-year","title":"St. Paul High School (Ohio)"},{"psg_id":"19025187","text":"Mac & Devin Go to High School Mac & Devin Go to High School is a 2012 American direct-to-DVD stoner film. The film was directed by Dylan Brown and stars rappers Snoop Dogg and Wiz Khalifa (in his film debut) in the title roles, along with Mike Epps, Teairra Mari, Andy Milonakis, Luenell in supporting roles and the voice of Mystikal in a guest appearance. The story follows two high school students, geeky Devin and badman Mac, a stoner who befriends Devin and introduces him to cannabis. The high school's name, \"N. Hale\", is based on Nate Dogg's real name,","title":"Mac & Devin Go to High School"},{"psg_id":"19025180","text":"Mac & Devin Go to High School Mac & Devin Go to High School is a 2012 American direct-to-DVD stoner film. The film was directed by Dylan Brown and stars rappers Snoop Dogg and Wiz Khalifa (in his film debut) in the title roles, along with Mike Epps, Teairra Mari, Andy Milonakis, Luenell in supporting roles and the voice of Mystikal in a guest appearance. The story follows two high school students, geeky Devin and badman Mac, a stoner who befriends Devin and introduces him to cannabis. The high school's name, \"N. Hale\", is based on Nate Dogg's real name,","title":"Mac & Devin Go to High School"},{"psg_id":"15358181","text":"letter\" formula. Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard's vocal contribution was significant in bringing a fresh yet hypnotic sexiness to the overall sound of the song while remaining true to the backup arrangements that Lamont Dozier had set down. Upon hearing the song's playback, an excited Ross rushed to Gordy's office and told him to come to the studio to listen to the song. Upon hearing playback, a satisfied Gordy nodded saying to the producers and the group that the song had potential to be a top ten hit. \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was released as a single on June","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"11903017","text":"minute. Wham!'s recording of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\", while structurally similar to the Was (Not Was) original, leans toward to a soft rock ballad due to changes to the tempo and vocal inflection. Michael's arrangement is more spare and reliant on synthesizers and saxophone to convey the melody. Michael's vocals are less immersed in the backing arrangement in which the bass guitar and drums are markedly quieter in the mix. His vocal is more low-key than Sweet Pea Atkinson's, except for the final line of the third verse, \"and drifted out of sight\", which is accentuated. The official music","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"15358178","text":"See About Me\", \"Stop! In the Name of Love\", and \"Back in My Arms Again\"). The song also reached number one on the \"Cash Box\" R&B singles chart. The Supremes' version is ranked #475 on \"Rolling Stone\"s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry in 2016 due to its \"cultural, historic, or artistic significance.\" \"Billboard\" named the song #4 on its list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. According to Brian Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was written with The Supremes in mind. Though Supremes member Mary","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"15358183","text":"album, \"Where Did Our Love Go\", released later that year. A German language version of the song was recorded by the Supremes for German-speaking markets overseas. The song seemed to strike a chord in the United States, with a group which would become the most successful chart-topping American popular music group of the 1960s. The first of their American chart toppers, the song peaked just weeks after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, critically remarked as capturing the spirit of an America reeling from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, racial tension, increased United States involvement","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"19025186","text":"Nathan Rabin of \"The A.V. Club\" also gave the film a negative review, saying \"The protégé completes his evolution when he uses his high-school valedictorian speech to perform 'Young, Wild & Free,' the hit single from \"Mac & Devin Go To High School\". 'Young, Wild & Free' is everything \"Mac & Devin Go To High School\" should be but isn’t: fun, light, goofy, entertaining, and young. In moments like this, the movie possesses a strange, disarming innocence, but it forces audiences to endure a punishing gauntlet of misogyny and non-starting comedy to get to that middling moment of moderate enjoyment.\"","title":"Mac & Devin Go to High School"},{"psg_id":"7762720","text":"PAOK, from 1986–1988, and in France, with ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne, from 1993 to 1999. Delaney Rudd Edward Delaney Rudd (born November 8, 1962) is a retired American professional basketball player. At a height of 1.88 m (6'2\") tall, he played at the point guard position. Rudd attended and played high school basketball at Eastman High School, in Hollister, North Carolina. After high school, Rudd attended and played college basketball Wake Forest University, with the Wake Forest Demon Deacons, from 1981 to 1985. In his pro career, Rudd played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), and in the NBA with the Utah","title":"Delaney Rudd"},{"psg_id":"16600753","text":"in the United States, with a Chicago-based radio station ranking it in its top 10 charts. Rudd is also shortlisted for the MTV Unsigned Competition 2013. Paul became an ambassador for 888 Casino worldwide in 2012 along with Shane Warne. In December 2012 Rudd agreed on a collaboration with the prominent house music singer, Amanda Wilson, to release a single in March 2013. The single, \"Trust in Me\" was a ballad, which was a departure from anything that Rudd or Wilson had worked on before. The track was then remix by heavyweights Cutmore, Andi Durrant, Mikael Wills and VIP with","title":"Paul Rudd (DJ)"},{"psg_id":"7762719","text":"Delaney Rudd Edward Delaney Rudd (born November 8, 1962) is a retired American professional basketball player. At a height of 1.88 m (6'2\") tall, he played at the point guard position. Rudd attended and played high school basketball at Eastman High School, in Hollister, North Carolina. After high school, Rudd attended and played college basketball Wake Forest University, with the Wake Forest Demon Deacons, from 1981 to 1985. In his pro career, Rudd played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), and in the NBA with the Utah Jazz and the Portland Trail Blazers. He also played overseas, in Greece with","title":"Delaney Rudd"},{"psg_id":"15011298","text":"locally developed. The program has student tech and cast with a volunteer adult live orchestra. The program is directed by Lisa Whitson and the music is directed by Carly Carlson. Paul Kane High School Paul Kane High School (PKHS) is a high school in St. Albert, Alberta, Canada and is part of St. Albert Public Schools. The school colours are blue and white. The PKHS sports teams are named the Blues. PKHS is now well known for its many sports programs, including basketball, rugby and football. Paul Kane High School is a dual track high school in St. Albert where","title":"Paul Kane High School"},{"psg_id":"15011296","text":"Paul Kane High School Paul Kane High School (PKHS) is a high school in St. Albert, Alberta, Canada and is part of St. Albert Public Schools. The school colours are blue and white. The PKHS sports teams are named the Blues. PKHS is now well known for its many sports programs, including basketball, rugby and football. Paul Kane High School is a dual track high school in St. Albert where students can take their core courses with English or French as the language of instruction. Another program students can participate in is the Advanced Placement program which offers all AP","title":"Paul Kane High School"},{"psg_id":"7109544","text":"state championship. The Wildcats boys tennis include team won state championships in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Wharton High School's graduation on June 3, 2013 was disrupted when the principal ordered the microphone shut off during the salutatorian's address. The salutatorian was removed from the ceremony by off-duty law officers who were working security for the event. He did not receive his diploma during the event, but did get it later. The Hillsborough County School District defended the principal's actions. Paul R. Wharton High School Paul R. Wharton High School (also known as Wharton) is a public high school located on","title":"Paul R. Wharton High School"},{"psg_id":"16072240","text":"in the United States. In 2016 \"Mac & Devin Go to High School\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined album sales, on-demand audio, video streams, track sales equivalent of 500,000. Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack) Mac & Devin Go to High School is the collaborative soundtrack to the film of the same name, by American West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg and American rapper Wiz Khalifa. It was released on December 13, 2011, by Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Bruno Mars, Juicy J, Curren$y and","title":"Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"19025185","text":"panned by critics. Pre-release reviews were bad. After its release, JP DelaCuesta of \"AllHipHop\" gave it a 3/10, saying: \"There’s no other way to say this except \"Mac and Devin Go to High School\" is bad – plain and simple. The on-screen collaboration between these two Hip-Hop heavyweights is a joke, and for their sakes, hopefully a joke that they and everyone involved with Mac and Devin were in on. At the end of the day, the only thing that \"Mac and Devin Go to High School\" proves is that we need \"How High 2\", and we need it bad!\"","title":"Mac & Devin Go to High School"},{"psg_id":"3201151","text":"in \"Over Her Dead Body\" with Eva Longoria the next year. In his next comedy which he also wrote, \"Role Models\", he and co-star Seann William Scott portray energy drink salesmen forced to perform community service in a child mentoring program. In 2009, Rudd again appeared with Jason Segel in \"I Love You Man\" where he and Segel play buddies who bond over their shared love for the rock band \"Rush\". Both Rudd and Segel are themselves fans of the band. Also in 2009, Rudd co-created the TV series \"Party Down\" with John Embom, Rob Thomas and Dan Etheridge. He","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"6114569","text":"\"Billboard\" magazine history to have three number-one hits from the same album. It was the album that introduced \"The Motown Sound\" to the masses. It was also, at the time, the highest-ranking album by an all-female group. It remained in the #2 position for 4 consecutive weeks in January 1965, shut out of the top spot by the Beatles' blockbuster \"Beatles '65\" album. \"Where Did Our Love Go\" remained on the Billboard album chart for an unprecedented 89 weeks. According to Motown data, the album ultimately sold over 3,000,000 copies. This album was also the first ever number one album","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"13579998","text":"too much information. News channels, the internet and social networking sites. People aren't leaving their bedrooms and it's just crazy. The things that make you most happy are quite simple. That song is looking for the romantic image of life, when people looked out for each other.\" According to Serge Pizzorno, the song's music video was inspired by Kenneth Anger's films like Scorpio Rising, Busby Berkeley and French cabaret. Following its release in August 2009, \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" entered the UK Singles Chart at a peak of #30. Although not as successful as the previous single \"\"Fire\"\",","title":"Where Did All the Love Go?"},{"psg_id":"16600754","text":"Club Mix as well. This then went on to hit No.4 in the UK Official Club Charts with Musicweek. It also beat Ellie Goulding to the No.1 spot in The DJ Top 30 in Canada and also staying at No.1 for two weeks in the Fusion Top 100 Dance Chart in the USA. Due to Rudd's increasing profile, his namesake, the Hollywood actor Paul Rudd told the BBC that he wished to meet the producer so the pair could record a single together. In 2013, Rudd collaborated with the rock singer Sam Calver on a summer anthem, Wake The World","title":"Paul Rudd (DJ)"},{"psg_id":"14876617","text":"\"Hart to Hart\", \"Moonlighting\", \"Knots Landing\" and \"Murder, She Wrote\". In 1986, Rudd retired from acting to raise his children, moving his family from Los Angeles to his Greenwich, Connecticut near his native Massachusetts. Later in life, Rudd taught at local middle schools and high schools – on the subjects of theater, especially Shakespeare, and poetry. He was part of the theatre faculty at Sarah Lawrence College from 1999 to 2006. Rudd came briefly out of retirement for a 2000 production of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", playing the double role of Oberon and Theseus–perhaps inspired by a production of the","title":"Paul Ryan Rudd"},{"psg_id":"6114570","text":"on Billboard's R&B album chart in January 1965. Hip-O Select released a limited run fortieth anniversary deluxe edition of the album in 2004, which included both the mono and stereo versions of the album, as well as several outtakes, non-album tracks and a recorded live show from the Twenty Grand club in Detroit, Michigan. It sold out immediately. (see: Hip-O Select.com) They filmed performances of four of the singles from the album including \"Run, Run, Run\", \"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\", \"Where Did Our Love Go\" and \"Baby Love\" for the concert film, \"The T.A.M.I. Show\" released","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"8740673","text":"Daniel Rudd Daniel Rudd (August 7, 18541933) was a Catholic journalist and civil rights leader who lived his early years in Bardstown, Kentucky on Anatok Plantation, where he was born into slavery. He was the eleventh of twelve children born to Eliza and Robert Rudd. Sometime before 1876 the ambitious Rudd moved to Springfield, Ohio, where he completed his education. As a member of St. Raphael Parish, he worked to help desegregate Springfield's schools. In 1885 Rudd founded \"The Ohio State Tribune\". The fledgling, weekly race paper did not do well, however. In 1886 Rudd changed the name of the","title":"Daniel Rudd"},{"psg_id":"16600749","text":"station at his secondary School and then dipped his fingers in Hospital Radio as music was his life. In 1998, Rudd won the 'Search for a Star' competition at the Capital Radio Café in Leicester Square, London, with Neil Fox. Since his breakthrough, Rudd DJed at clubs around England including in Liverpool (Blue Rooms; The Crush; Ritz; and Time), Manchester (Stanley's), Nottingham (Z Bar) and at several clubs in London, including Galaxy Nightclub, as their resident DJ. Previous to 2011, Rudd had been remixing for the likes of Mis-teeq, Alexander O'Neil, Elton John, David Gray and Daft Punk to name","title":"Paul Rudd (DJ)"},{"psg_id":"16072236","text":"Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack) Mac & Devin Go to High School is the collaborative soundtrack to the film of the same name, by American West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg and American rapper Wiz Khalifa. It was released on December 13, 2011, by Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Bruno Mars, Juicy J, Curren$y and Mike Posner. The album is supported by the lone hit single, \"Young, Wild & Free\". The album received positive reviews from music critics, who praised Snoop's and Khalifa's technical rapping abilities and production choices. The soundtrack debuted","title":"Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"9714800","text":"St. Paul High School (Virginia) St. Paul High School, located in St. Paul, Virginia was part of Wise County Public Schools. St. Paul High educated approximately 200 students ranging from 8th through 12th grades. The school recently submitted its application for President Obama's Race to the Top High School Commencement Challenge. After the 2010-2011 school year, St. Paul High School closed when Wise County Public Schools consolidated Coeburn High School and St. Paul to form Eastside High School in Coeburn, Virginia. St. Paul High School had many different organizations that met during club schedules. Many of these organizations went on","title":"St. Paul High School (Virginia)"},{"psg_id":"14099943","text":"board approved the plan by a 6-1 vote, and June 10, 2011 saw Paul Harding High School close its doors as a district high school. In recent years, Harding struggled with test scores, graduation rates and other marks of academic achievement. At the time of its closing, the school was in its fifth year on state academic probation. Had the school not closed, it could have faced state intervention, including a possible takeover, if assessment scores did not improve. In 1965, Ball State University conducted a study for the newly formed East Allen County School Corporation. The study was made","title":"Paul Harding High School"},{"psg_id":"2999848","text":"did not make a start due to an injury. Kenny Wallace drove the No. 88 on an interim basis until Rudd healed, except at Talladega, where Mike Wallace drove the car. Rudd made his return at Charlotte, where he finished 11th. He finished his career with a 21st-place finish at the Ford 400 at Homestead-Miami. After the 2007 season, and a 32-year career, Rudd resides at his home in Cornelius, North Carolina. In 2007, Rudd was inducted into the 2007 Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and in 2010, he was selected to the Hampton Roads Sports Hall of Fame that","title":"Ricky Rudd"},{"psg_id":"6454273","text":"Dwayne Rudd Dwayne Rudd (born February 3, 1976) is a retired American football linebacker who played in the National Football League. During his career he played for the Minnesota Vikings, the Cleveland Browns and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Rudd was a teammate of Pittsburgh Steelers cornerback Deshea Townsend in both high school and college, at South Panola High School and the University of Alabama, respectively. Derek Pegues, a South Panola alum and an All-SEC Defensive Back for Mississippi State, is his cousin. Rudd's most infamous moment came in the 2002 season opener between the Browns and the Kansas City Chiefs.","title":"Dwayne Rudd"},{"psg_id":"19313349","text":"5th Dimension recorded \"Go Where You Wanna Go\" for their debut studio album in 1967, \"Up, Up and Away\". Johnny Rivers suggested the group cover the song. The song was the group's first single, and reached number 16 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It also did well in Canada. It is among the group's 10 biggest hits. Go Where You Wanna Go \"Go Where You Wanna Go\" is a 1965 song written by John Phillips. It was originally recorded by The Mamas & the Papas on their LP \"If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears\" and given limited","title":"Go Where You Wanna Go"},{"psg_id":"9500432","text":"on 2009-02-12 Eldon Rudd Eldon Dean Rudd (July 15, 1920February 8, 2002) was a U.S. Republican politician. Rudd was born in Camp Verde, Arizona. A 1939 graduate of Clarkdale High School in Clarkdale, Arizona, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served as a fighter pilot during World War II. After his discharge in 1946, he attended Arizona State College, from which he graduated in 1947, and the University of Arizona Law School in Tucson. After a brief period in private practice, Rudd became a special agent for the FBI in 1950. As the only FBI","title":"Eldon Rudd"},{"psg_id":"9500426","text":"Eldon Rudd Eldon Dean Rudd (July 15, 1920February 8, 2002) was a U.S. Republican politician. Rudd was born in Camp Verde, Arizona. A 1939 graduate of Clarkdale High School in Clarkdale, Arizona, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served as a fighter pilot during World War II. After his discharge in 1946, he attended Arizona State College, from which he graduated in 1947, and the University of Arizona Law School in Tucson. After a brief period in private practice, Rudd became a special agent for the FBI in 1950. As the only FBI field agent","title":"Eldon Rudd"},{"psg_id":"17206351","text":"St. Paul High School (Arkansas) St. Paul High School (SPHS) is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in St. Paul, Arkansas, United States. SPHS provides secondary education for more than 250 students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of three public high schools in Madison County and one of two high schools administered by the Huntsville School District. It was a part of the St. Paul School District until July 1, 2004,when that district was merged into the Huntsville School District. St. Paul High School is a Title I school that is accredited by the Arkansas Department","title":"St. Paul High School (Arkansas)"},{"psg_id":"17206348","text":"St. Paul High School (Arkansas) St. Paul High School (SPHS) is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in St. Paul, Arkansas, United States. SPHS provides secondary education for more than 250 students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of three public high schools in Madison County and one of two high schools administered by the Huntsville School District. It was a part of the St. Paul School District until July 1, 2004,when that district was merged into the Huntsville School District. St. Paul High School is a Title I school that is accredited by the Arkansas Department","title":"St. Paul High School (Arkansas)"},{"psg_id":"2929713","text":"James Price Point. Working with volunteer organisations Surf for Life and Waves of Hope, Rudd worked alongside other volunteers to build a high school in northern Nicaragua in late 2013. In 2014, Rudd performed at the Bentley anti-gas blockade campsite, in support of the Lock the Gate Alliance. He had previously travelled to the Doubtful Creek coal-seam gas test drilling site in February 2013 to voice his concerns about the gas drilling, saying \"our government is hopeless ruthless and toxic in terms of protecting our land.\" The protestor's actions at the Bentley Blockade, where they blocked the delivery of oil","title":"Xavier Rudd"},{"psg_id":"18011593","text":"Paul II High School in Greenville, North Carolina, became the second diocesan high school in the Diocese of Raleigh. In the 2010-2011 school year, the high school taught only ninth grade. It added grades 10-12 as students advanced through the 2013-2014 school year. The high school expansion mirrors growth in other areas of the diocese. John Paul II Catholic High School (North Carolina) John Paul II Catholic High School (JPII), located in Greenville, North Carolina is a four-year private coeducational college-preparatory Catholic high school in the Diocese of Raleigh that is an inclusive community where students of all faiths are","title":"John Paul II Catholic High School (North Carolina)"},{"psg_id":"3201156","text":"year he appeared in \"Twelfth Night\" with Kyra Sedgwick and Max Wright at the Lincoln Center Theatre. In 2006, he appeared in the Broadway production of Richard Greenberg's \"Three Days of Rain\" with Bradley Cooper and Julia Roberts at the Bernard Jacobs Theater. In 2012, Rudd appeared in the Broadway production of \"Craig Wright's Grace\" at the Cort Theatre. Starring alongside Rudd was Academy award nominee Michael Shannon, Kate Arrington, and seven-time Emmy award winner Ed Asner. In 2003, Rudd married Julie Yaeger. They have two children: a son, Jack Sullivan (b. 2004) and a daughter, Darby (b. 2009). Rudd","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"3201154","text":"December 19, 2013, Rudd was officially confirmed as cast in the 2015 Marvel film \"Ant-Man\". He played lead character Scott Lang/Ant-Man, and also co-wrote the screenplay with Adam McKay. Rudd reprised his role in \"\" (2016) as well as \"Ant-Man\"s 2018 sequel, \"Ant-Man and the Wasp\"; he also co-wrote the latter. Rudd will return alongside Evangeline Lilly in \"\" (2019). Rudd reprised his role as Andy from \"Wet Hot American Summer\" in the Netflix prequel \"\", alongside an ensemble cast including Bradley Cooper, Amy Poehler and Elizabeth Banks, all reprising their roles from the 2001 film. In 2016, he appeared","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"19025184","text":"company. After two days of filming over the weekend of May 7, 2011, production was halted when it was reported that individuals (some involved with the film, some not) were smoking marijuana on campus, leading the school district to revoke the permit. Vandalism and theft from classrooms were also reported by teachers, and The Yard reportedly offered reimbursement to at least one. Straight-to-DVD release of the film was scheduled for April 20, 2012, which was then delayed to July 3, 2012. , the DVD had sold 54,641 units in the United States. \"Mac & Devin Go to High School\" was","title":"Mac & Devin Go to High School"},{"psg_id":"20868906","text":"of Paterson. Paul VI's athletic teams were known as the Patriots. For much of the 1980s they were members of the Bergen-Passaic Scholastic League, where they kept a rivalry with Paterson Catholic High School. The Patriots won the Non-Public Group B North state championship in football for 1978. Ther baseball team won the Non-Public B state championship in 1979, defeating St. John Vianney High School in the tournament final. Following the 1989-1990 school year, the Paterson Diocese closed Paul VI Regional High School. The Valley Road facility became home to Pope John Paul II Elementary School, which opened in 1992","title":"Paul VI High School (Clifton, New Jersey)"},{"psg_id":"14099952","text":"In the halls of Harding High School Live the hopes and dreams of all Memories grow strong and deep there Harding High School, hail! Wear her colors proudly! Sing her praises loudly! We sing to you, our Alma Mater Filled with glory, truth and honor Mem'ries of her will not falter Harding High School, hail! Paul Harding High School Paul Harding Jr. High School is a Jr. High school located on the southeast side of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Harding is a part of East Allen County Schools system located in Allen County, Indiana. On September 21, 2010, Superintendent Karyle Green","title":"Paul Harding High School"},{"psg_id":"8698802","text":"Paul VI High School Paul VI High School is a private Catholic high school located in Haddon Township, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As there is no post office in Haddon Township, the mailing address is Haddonfield. The school, founded in 1966, is named in honor of Pope Paul VI and is overseen by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1979. As of the 2015-16 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,113 students and 65.8 classroom teachers","title":"Paul VI High School"},{"psg_id":"13792280","text":"to junior and seniors called Co-Op that provides students with the technical and hands on experience of the work force while in school. Paul W. Bryant High School currently fields a varsity team in nine men's and eight women's sports. They are: Paul W. Bryant High School Paul W. Bryant High School serves grades 9 through 12 and is located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, forming part of the Tuscaloosa City Schools. The school is named after former Alabama Crimson Tide football head coach Paul William \"Bear\" Bryant. The school competes as part of the Alabama High School Athletic Association in Region","title":"Paul W. Bryant High School"},{"psg_id":"9907134","text":"Paul VI Catholic High School Paul VI Catholic High School (known as \"PVI\") is a Roman Catholic college preparatory school in Fairfax, Virginia, US. The school is located in southwest Fairfax, and is named after Pope Paul VI. It competes in the Washington Catholic Athletic Conference and has a high-profile athletic rivalry with Bishop O'Connell High School in Arlington. Paul VI opened for the 1983–84 school year, accepting freshmen and sophomore students only. The next year (1984–85), the school was open to freshmen through juniors, and 1985–86 saw the first senior class. The Diocese of Arlington purchased the school building,","title":"Paul VI Catholic High School"},{"psg_id":"13459612","text":"disco progenitors Jean-Marc Cerrone and Giorgio Moroder. \"Where You Go I Go Too\" is often classified as \"space disco\" due to these influences and because it possesses a \"spacey, psychedelic\" sound. Lindstrøm listened to the Beach Boys, the Eagles, and Kirsty MacColl while writing the album. \"Where You Go I Go Too\" debuted at No. 11 on the Norwegian music chart. The following week it fell to No. 27 before leaving the list. The record did not chart internationally. In 2009, \"Where You Go I Go Too\" received a Spellemannprisen award for \"best electronica album\". The album was well received","title":"Where You Go I Go Too"},{"psg_id":"9741798","text":"Paul G. Blazer High School Paul G. Blazer High School (named for Paul G. Blazer) is a public high school located in Ashland, Kentucky. It is part of the Ashland Independent school district. Blazer replaced the former Ashland High School on Lexington Avenue and the former Booker T. Washington Grade and High School at Seventh Street and Central Avenue in 1962. It started out as a school for grades 10-12 but changed over to 9-12 in 1980. For this reason, Blazer is still commonly referred to as simply \"Blazer\" by local residents, or \"Ashland-Blazer\" in publications about the school. Blazer","title":"Paul G. Blazer High School"},{"psg_id":"9734866","text":"Charles Rudd Charles Dunell Rudd (22 October 1844 – 15 November 1916) was the main business associate of Cecil Rhodes. He was the son of Henry Rudd (1809-1884), a ‘South African merchant’ and his first wife Mary Stanbridge. Rudd studied at Harrow School and then entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1863, where he excelled in playing rackets. Before completing his degree, he left for Cape Colony in 1865, where he hunted with the likes of John Dunn and endeavored in various business enterprises. In the early 1870s, he worked for his brother Thomas' (1831–1902) Port Elizabeth-based trading firm. In 1872","title":"Charles Rudd"},{"psg_id":"13792276","text":"Paul W. Bryant High School Paul W. Bryant High School serves grades 9 through 12 and is located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, forming part of the Tuscaloosa City Schools. The school is named after former Alabama Crimson Tide football head coach Paul William \"Bear\" Bryant. The school competes as part of the Alabama High School Athletic Association in Region 4 of the 6A division. With the 1999 lifting of the desegregation order that resulted in the creation of Central High School in 1979, the School Board began exploring the option to construct three new high schools to replace Central. By the","title":"Paul W. Bryant High School"},{"psg_id":"16600751","text":"with weighty beats and heavy drops\", like an \"old school club classic with a modern twist\". Rudd's catalogue expanded in May 2012 with the release of \"Set Me Free 2012\", a remake of the 1986 hit featuring its original singer, Jaki Graham on vocals. The track was recorded at Britannia Row Studios, London, in March 2012, and mixed by Tony Matthew, Britannia's engineer. Model Louise Cole featured in the music video. Rudd and Graham first met in 2003, when they met again years later, Rudd asked Graham if she would be interested in collaborating on a remix. Graham said later,","title":"Paul Rudd (DJ)"},{"psg_id":"14099941","text":"Paul Harding High School Paul Harding Jr. High School is a Jr. High school located on the southeast side of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Harding is a part of East Allen County Schools system located in Allen County, Indiana. On September 21, 2010, Superintendent Karyle Green presented a redesign plan at the meeting of the EACS school board. The plan was presented as a way for the school district to reduce expenses, respond to reduced student enrollment, and revise the academic opportunities provided to the students. As part of that plan, it was announced that Harding High School and seven elementary","title":"Paul Harding High School"},{"psg_id":"9907136","text":"not from the De Sales order. Philip Robey was selected for this position, and stepped down seven years later. He was replaced by Virginia Colwell, a former English teacher at Paul VI. In 2020 the high school will be relocating to South Riding in Loudoun County, VA. <ref> Paul VI Catholic High School Paul VI Catholic High School (known as \"PVI\") is a Roman Catholic college preparatory school in Fairfax, Virginia, US. The school is located in southwest Fairfax, and is named after Pope Paul VI. It competes in the Washington Catholic Athletic Conference and has a high-profile athletic rivalry","title":"Paul VI Catholic High School"},{"psg_id":"19882696","text":"studio and producing their album as well.\" The Superjesus reformed for a one-off reunion show in Adelaide on 1 February 2013. McLeod stating that it was Rudd who inspired the decision to reform. Rudd explained, \"two or so years ago, Sarah [McLeod] and I were having breakfast and we thought about doing something again. We were both really keen on the idea and of course Paul [Berryman] was living overseas. In the meantime I did a few acoustic shows with Sarah which were great fun. I let it be known to the other guys on how much fun was had.","title":"Stuart Rudd"},{"psg_id":"15365148","text":"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago) Paul Robeson High School (simply known as Robeson) is a public 4–year high school located in the Englewood neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in September 1977, Robeson is a part of the Chicago Public Schools district. The school is named in honor of African-American entertainer and athlete Paul Leroy Robeson. Prior to becoming Robeson High School, the school was known as Francis W. Parker High School from 1910–1977. Parker was located at 68th and Stewart Avenue (6800 S. Stewart Avenue) about 100 yards away from the present Robeson location","title":"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago)"},{"psg_id":"15365145","text":"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago) Paul Robeson High School (simply known as Robeson) is a public 4–year high school located in the Englewood neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in September 1977, Robeson is a part of the Chicago Public Schools district. The school is named in honor of African-American entertainer and athlete Paul Leroy Robeson. Prior to becoming Robeson High School, the school was known as Francis W. Parker High School from 1910–1977. Parker was located at 68th and Stewart Avenue (6800 S. Stewart Avenue) about 100 yards away from the present Robeson location","title":"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago)"},{"psg_id":"19565119","text":"Victor Rudd Victor Rudd (born March 18, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Auxilium Torino of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball at Arizona State University, and at the University of South Florida. At a height of 6'9\" (2.06 m) tall, he plays at the power forward position, and can also play as a center, if needed. Rudd played high school basketball at Findlay Prep, in Henderson, Nevada. Rudd played college basketball at Arizona State University, with the Sun Devils, from 2009 to 2010, and at the University of South Florida, with","title":"Victor Rudd"},{"psg_id":"8986979","text":"John Paul Stevens High School John Paul Stevens High School is one of nine public high schools in the Northside Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, USA, located near SeaWorld San Antonio. As with all Northside ISD schools, the school is named for a United States Supreme Court justice, in this case John Paul Stevens, who attended the school's dedication in 2005. In 2017, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency. In 1987, Pope John Paul II held mass on the site that later became Stevens High School. The service was part of his visit","title":"John Paul Stevens High School"},{"psg_id":"3201158","text":"Young (SAY), a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping young people who stutter. He hosted the organization's 6th Annual All-Star Bowling Benefit on January 22, 2018. Rudd told \"Vanity Fair\" that he became an advocate for stuttering awareness after portraying a character who stutters in a play. Rudd is also a founder of the charity The Big Slick, a celebrity studded sports-focused event held in Kansas City every June to support the works of Kansas City's Children's Mercy Hospital. Since 2014, Rudd and fellow actor Jeffrey Dean Morgan have been co-owners of Samuel's Sweet Shop, a town of Rhinebeck, NY candy","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"2999844","text":"Racing in 2000. Although he still did not win any races that season, he had two poles and moved to fifth in the points standings, a 26-spot improvement over the previous year. In 2001, Rudd got his first win in three years at Pocono Raceway, followed by another win at Richmond late in the season. He also matched a career-high 14 Top 5 finishes. He won his most recent race at Infineon in 2002, but dropped to 10th in the standings. Rudd left Roberts Yates Racing at the end of the 2002 season. In 2003, Rudd was hired to drive","title":"Ricky Rudd"},{"psg_id":"5600027","text":"Roswell Rudd Roswell Hopkins Rudd Jr. (November 17, 1935 – December 21, 2017) was an American jazz trombonist and composer. Although skilled in a variety of genres of jazz (including Dixieland, which he performed while in college) and other genres of music, he was known primarily for his work in free and avant-garde jazz. Beginning in 1962 Rudd worked extensively with saxophonist Archie Shepp. Rudd was born in Sharon, Connecticut. He attended the Hotchkiss School and graduated from Yale University, where he played with Eli's Chosen Six, a dixieland band of students that Rudd joined in the mid-1950s. The sextet","title":"Roswell Rudd"},{"psg_id":"16600750","text":"a few through Mastermix and DMC. In June 2011, Rudd released his first single, \"X-Me\", featuring American actress Kelly-Anne Lyons on vocals. \"Egotastic\", the follow up to \"X-Me\", was launched at the iconic Ibiza Rocks festival, where he was DJing with Hed Kandi. Released at the end of June 2011, the 3 1/2-minute track played across Europe. \"More Amore\", featuring Vivi, released in November 2011, was shortlisted in the final of the 'One to Watch' category of MTV's Brand New for 2012 competition. Differing slightly from his earlier releases, Rudd described the track as including \"an incessant piano motif, layered","title":"Paul Rudd (DJ)"},{"psg_id":"7109542","text":"Paul R. Wharton High School Paul R. Wharton High School (also known as Wharton) is a public high school located on Bruce B. Downs Boulevard in New Tampa, Florida . It is one of 27 traditional (9-12) high schools in the Hillsborough County Public Schools system. The facility was dedicated to Mr. Paul R. Wharton, who served the Hillsborough County school system for 38 years. The school opened on August 21, 1997. In 2010 Wharton earned a grade of C from the Florida Department of Education. In 2012 Wharton's graduation rate was 75% as compared to a statewide rate of","title":"Paul R. Wharton High School"},{"psg_id":"10822705","text":"St. Paul High School (Ottawa) St. Paul High School is a Catholic high school in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The school originally opened in 1978 under the name Bells Corners Senior Elementary School. It was located at 411 Seyton Drive in the Bells Corners neighbourhood in the city of Nepean, Ontario. Delays in construction meant that the school was late in opening, students were not able to move in until October. Students spent the first month attending classes at their old schools. The school community asked that the school be renamed after Saint Paul, and the name was changed within the","title":"St. Paul High School (Ottawa)"},{"psg_id":"3201157","text":"is a fan of MLB's Kansas City Royals and of the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs, for whom he narrated the 2007 season of HBO's \"Hard Knocks.\" Rudd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 1, 2015. He unveiled the 2,554th star on the mile-long strip of plaques on Hollywood Boulevard. At the occasion Rudd said, \"I remember being a kid and walking this boulevard and reading the names and thinking about what so many other millions of people thought about, which is, you know, 'Who's that?'\" Rudd is a supporter of the Stuttering Association for the","title":"Paul Rudd"},{"psg_id":"6610134","text":"Paul High School moved to the Lindeke Building at 7th and Jackson streets where it occupied the second floor. That year, graduation exercises were held in the Saint Paul Civic Opera House where they were held until it was destroyed by a fire in 1899. Then the commencement exercises were held in the People's Church until the completion of the Saint Paul Auditorium. In 1872, the graduating class consisted of 12 students: five boys and seven girls. In 1873, the graduating class of 12 students originated the custom of presenting each senior with a souvenir appropriate to his/her character. For","title":"Saint Paul Central High School"},{"psg_id":"10363304","text":"St. Paul Catholic High School St. Paul Catholic High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Bristol, Connecticut, United States. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford. Its mascot is the falcon, and its colors are blue, white, and crimson. The school is known for their performing arts, as well as for their athletics. St. Paul was established in 1966 and was originally staffed by the Sisters of St. Joseph. St. Paul has a long athletic tradition dating back to the 1960s in such sports as baseball, basketball, indoor and outdoor track, soccer, and swimming-","title":"St. Paul Catholic High School"},{"psg_id":"8986981","text":"Potranco and Military Roads). The Stevens Falcons compete in the following sports: John Paul Stevens High School John Paul Stevens High School is one of nine public high schools in the Northside Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, USA, located near SeaWorld San Antonio. As with all Northside ISD schools, the school is named for a United States Supreme Court justice, in this case John Paul Stevens, who attended the school's dedication in 2005. In 2017, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency. In 1987, Pope John Paul II held mass on the site that","title":"John Paul Stevens High School"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16600748\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ) Paul Rudd (born 15 September 1979), also known professionally as DJ Paul Rudd, is an English House Music DJ, songwriter, record producer, recording artist, label owner and remixer. Starting as a radio DJ during the 1990s, he went on to DJ at venues around the world, before returning to the UK club scene. Rudd has released fifthteen singles to date and his debut album, The Sound of London, came out in November 2012. Paul Rudd (born 15 September 1979) in Kent, always had musical influences from both of his parents. Paul even set up a School Radio\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13279845\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\\\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13279844\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \\\"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\\\". The Allmusic review of \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" by Lindsay Planer said\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11939649\",\n \"text\": \"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" and \\\"My Sweet Lord,\\\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \\\"Where Did They Go\\\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \\\"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\\\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14876618\",\n \"text\": \"same play he saw at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre while visiting London. Starting in 2004, Rudd was a teaching faculty member and associate director of the MFA drama program at the New School for Drama until his death. Rudd died at his Greenwich, Connecticut home at the age of 70 from pancreatic cancer. He was survived by his wife, Martha, and three children. Clive Barnes, while reviewing \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", wrote in \\\"The New York Times\\\": Paul Ryan Rudd Paul Ryan Rudd (born Paul Kenneth Rudd; May 15, 1940 – August 12, 2010) was an American actor, director, and a professor.\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Ryan Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11939648\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \\\"Is That All There Is?\\\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \\\"My Rock And Foundation\\\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" (backed by \\\"All I Want\\\") as a 45\\\" single\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358177\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \\\"Baby Love\\\", \\\"Come\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358184\",\n \"text\": \"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903014\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go? \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Wheel Me Out\\\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \\\"Was (Not Was)\\\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \\\"It's an Attack!\\\" as the B-side. A live recording of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18295773\",\n \"text\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \\\"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\\\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \\\"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\\\" seeks to discover where the funds raised for the relief effort after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti really went. Taking\",\n \"title\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18295781\",\n \"text\": \"Best Investigative Documentary •2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary •2013 Women's International Film Festival Best Documentary Short Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \\\"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\\\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \\\"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\\\" seeks\",\n \"title\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903016\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" was also included on \\\"The Final\\\" and \\\"Music from the Edge of Heaven\\\" albums. George Michael's arrangement of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is relatively faithful to the original Was (Not Was) version making only subtle changes to the song's instrumentation and structure. Michael alters the song by dropping the opening chorus in favour of an instrumental introduction of the chorus melody. The subdued ending is protracted in the Wham! recording, where the Was (Not Was) original quickly fades out after the completion of the final chorus; Michael's arrangement continues for an additional half a\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903018\",\n \"text\": \"video for the Wham! version of the song was directed by George Michael and Andy Morahan. Where Did Your Heart Go? \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Wheel Me Out\\\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \\\"Was (Not Was)\\\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114571\",\n \"text\": \"on December 29, 1964. It was equivalent to Motown 25 or Live Aid as a pivotal music concert event . When it hit theaters nationwide, it undoubtedly raised and extended the visibility of the \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" album. All tracks written by Holland–Dozier–Holland except as noted. The original album sold a million copies {in 1964-1965} stateside alone. The limited exclusive \\\"40th Anniversary\\\" version is now listed as \\\"sold out\\\". It remains, to date, their third best-selling studio album. Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14876614\",\n \"text\": \"1940. He attended Boston Latin School and later Assumption Preparatory School, graduating in 1958. He earned a degree in psychology from Fairfield University. Originally named Paul Kenneth Rudd, he adopted Ryan as his middle name from his mother’s maiden name, whose name had become Kathryn Rudd after marriage. He studied for the Roman Catholic priesthood but left, recognizing that the vocation was not for him. At some point, he married Joan Mannion, whom he later divorced. Rudd worked in entertainment from 1967-86, variously as actor or as director, both on and off-Broadway. He landed his first significant Broadway role in\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Ryan Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114568\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group The Supremes, released in 1964. The album includes several of the group's singles and B-sides from 1963 and 1964. Included are the group's first Billboard Pop Singles number-one hits, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\", \\\"Baby Love\\\", and \\\"Come See About Me\\\", as well as their first Top 40 hit, \\\"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\\\", and the singles \\\"A Breathtaking Guy\\\" and \\\"Run, Run, Run\\\". With the release of this album, The Supremes became the first act in\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579887\",\n \"text\": \"her 1992 album \\\"Entre a Mi Mundo\\\". Where Did the Feeling Go? \\\"Where Did the Feeling Go?\\\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \\\"Selena\\\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579886\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go? \\\"Where Did the Feeling Go?\\\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \\\"Selena\\\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the \\\"20 Years of Music\\\" version of\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16600759\",\n \"text\": \"in the press that he is already writing new material. He was then seen posting images on Instagram in September 2018 of studio writing sessions with vocalist Rachael Hawnt. Paul Rudd (DJ) Paul Rudd (born 15 September 1979), also known professionally as DJ Paul Rudd, is an English House Music DJ, songwriter, record producer, recording artist, label owner and remixer. Starting as a radio DJ during the 1990s, he went on to DJ at venues around the world, before returning to the UK club scene. Rudd has released fifthteen singles to date and his debut album, The Sound of London,\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11690819\",\n \"text\": \"released as a radio-single in the United States, where the song received airplay but failed to chart due in part to no official release. The video features Liam being interviewed whilst Noel sings whilst reading a newspaper and looking at what is going on in the building opposite where he and the band are. Where Did It All Go Wrong? \\\"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\\\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \\\"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\\\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201146\",\n \"text\": \"Chapter there. He studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts/West in Los Angeles with fellow actor Matthew Lillard. Rudd spent three months studying Jacobean drama at the British American Drama Academy based in Oxford, England. While attending acting school, Rudd worked as a Bar Mitzvah disc jockey. After graduation he worked a variety of odd jobs, including glazing hams at the Holiday Ham Company in Overland Park, Kansas. Rudd made his acting debut in 1992 with the television drama \\\"Sisters\\\" where he played Kirby Quimby Philby. In 1994, he appeared in \\\"Wild Oats\\\" for six episodes. Rudd left \\\"Sisters\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579999\",\n \"text\": \"this single did prove popular on the radio. Where Did All the Love Go? \\\"Where Did All the Love Go?\\\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \\\"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\\\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \\\"New Musical Express\\\" stating that \\\"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\\\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \\\"The Sun\\\" that\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11690817\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did It All Go Wrong? \\\"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\\\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \\\"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\\\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs on \\\"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\\\" that features him on lead vocals. In explaining why front man Liam Gallagher did not sing the song, Noel claimed that: \\\"[Vocally] Liam just couldn't get that one. The melody shifts quite a lot... Liam hasn't got that dynamism in his voice.\\\" Noel stated that the song's\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9037004\",\n \"text\": \"are mixed without hi-hat. In 1992 when the Original cast CD was released, the hi-hat was suddenly apparent in the recording. It is most likely that the hi-hat was always present in the mix, but just not loud enough to be heard. It was probably boosted in the remix and subsequent remastering. Where Did the Good Times Go? \\\"Where Did the Good Times Go?\\\" is, what is popularly termed, the \\\"big ballad\\\" or \\\"11 o'clock number\\\" from the musical \\\"Over Here!\\\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579997\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did All the Love Go? \\\"Where Did All the Love Go?\\\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \\\"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\\\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \\\"New Musical Express\\\" stating that \\\"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\\\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \\\"The Sun\\\" that \\\"Kids today grow up really quickly and there's\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201143\",\n \"text\": \"(2018), and \\\"Ideal Home\\\" (2018). Beginning in 2015, Rudd has played Scott Lang/Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in \\\"Ant-Man\\\" (2015), \\\"\\\" (2016), \\\"Ant-Man and the Wasp\\\" (2018), and the upcoming \\\"\\\" (2019). In addition to his film career, Rudd has appeared in numerous television shows, including the NBC sitcom \\\"Friends\\\" as Mike Hannigan, along with guest roles on \\\"Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!\\\" and \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\" (as businessman Bobby Newport) and hosting \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\". Rudd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 1, 2015. Paul Rudd was born in Passaic,\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9037003\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Good Times Go? \\\"Where Did the Good Times Go?\\\" is, what is popularly termed, the \\\"big ballad\\\" or \\\"11 o'clock number\\\" from the musical \\\"Over Here!\\\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment of drama when all seems lost toward the end of the second act. The song was somewhat successful as a single for Patty Andrews, who debuted the song in the show. The song was written by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman. The recording on both the LP and the single\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14876613\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Ryan Rudd Paul Ryan Rudd (born Paul Kenneth Rudd; May 15, 1940 – August 12, 2010) was an American actor, director, and a professor. He appeared as the title character in a 1976 production of Shakespeare's \\\"Henry V\\\", opposite Meryl Streep as his love interest. Though best known for his live theatre performances, such as those on Broadway and the New York Shakespeare Festival, he also appeared in the 1978 film \\\"The Betsy\\\" and on television in the 1975 short-lived series \\\"Beacon Hill\\\" as Brian Mallory, the scheming Irish chauffeur. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 15,\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Ryan Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2348222\",\n \"text\": \"as a nurse, Rudd's mother moved the family to Nambour, and Rudd rebuilt his standing through study and scholastic application and was dux of Nambour State High School in 1974. His future Treasurer Wayne Swan attended the same school at the same time, although they did not know each other as Swan was three years ahead. In that year, he was also the Queensland winner of the Rotary \\\"Youth Speaks for Australia\\\" public speaking contest. Rudd studied at the Australian National University in Canberra, where he resided at Burgmann College and graduated with Bachelor of Arts (Asian Studies) with First-Class\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15442408\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander Rudd Alexander Paul Rudd (born 1981) is an English award-winning composer, songwriter and conductor working in film, television, theatre and the concert hall. At the age of 16, Rudd won the National Young Composer of the Year Award. He is a Fulbright Scholar and studied at Trinity College of Music and the University of Southern California. In 2009, Rudd received a UK Film Council Award, enabling him to work and study in Los Angeles. His mentor is American composer and songwriter Randy Newman. He was a student at Our Lady’s High School, Fulwood, Preston – although he also spent\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903015\",\n \"text\": \"was included as a B-side to the 1992 single \\\"Somewhere in America (There's a Street Named After My Dad)\\\". \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" was covered by the British pop duo Wham! on 14 October 1986 as one of the three B-sides to \\\"The Edge of Heaven\\\" in the UK, where it reached number 1. The song was also released separately as Wham!'s final single in several territories most notably in the US where it peaked at number 50 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in November 1986. It was produced and re-arranged by George Michael with engineering by Chris Porter.\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201159\",\n \"text\": \"store they saved from being closed after the previous owner, a friend of theirs, died suddenly. Paul Rudd Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, writer and film producer who studied theatre at the University of Kansas and the American Drama Academy, before making his acting debut in 1992 with NBC's drama series \\\"Sisters\\\". He is known for his starring roles in the films \\\"Clueless\\\" (1995), \\\"Romeo + Juliet\\\" (1996), \\\"Wet Hot American Summer\\\" (2001), \\\"\\\" (2004), \\\"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\\\" (2005), \\\"Knocked Up\\\" (2007), \\\"Role Models\\\" (2008), \\\"I Love You, Man\\\" (2009), \\\"This Is 40\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201142\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Rudd Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, writer and film producer who studied theatre at the University of Kansas and the American Drama Academy, before making his acting debut in 1992 with NBC's drama series \\\"Sisters\\\". He is known for his starring roles in the films \\\"Clueless\\\" (1995), \\\"Romeo + Juliet\\\" (1996), \\\"Wet Hot American Summer\\\" (2001), \\\"\\\" (2004), \\\"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\\\" (2005), \\\"Knocked Up\\\" (2007), \\\"Role Models\\\" (2008), \\\"I Love You, Man\\\" (2009), \\\"This Is 40\\\" (2012), \\\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\\\" (2012), \\\"\\\" (2013), \\\"The Fundamentals of Caring\\\" (2016), \\\"Mute\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9364957\",\n \"text\": \"St. Paul High School (Ohio) Saint Paul High School is a private, Catholic high school located in Norwalk, Ohio. It is part of Norwalk Catholic Schools, a K-12 organization of schools and parishes in Norwalk and neighboring Milan. SPHS has a current enrollment of 237 students and is one of fourteen high schools in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo. The athletic teams are called the Flyers. In 1917, when Fr. George Forst became the pastor at St. Paul Church he did everything he could to make St. Paul High School (then a two-year commercial High School) into a four-year\",\n \"title\": \"St. Paul High School (Ohio)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19025187\",\n \"text\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School Mac & Devin Go to High School is a 2012 American direct-to-DVD stoner film. The film was directed by Dylan Brown and stars rappers Snoop Dogg and Wiz Khalifa (in his film debut) in the title roles, along with Mike Epps, Teairra Mari, Andy Milonakis, Luenell in supporting roles and the voice of Mystikal in a guest appearance. The story follows two high school students, geeky Devin and badman Mac, a stoner who befriends Devin and introduces him to cannabis. The high school's name, \\\"N. Hale\\\", is based on Nate Dogg's real name,\",\n \"title\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19025180\",\n \"text\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School Mac & Devin Go to High School is a 2012 American direct-to-DVD stoner film. The film was directed by Dylan Brown and stars rappers Snoop Dogg and Wiz Khalifa (in his film debut) in the title roles, along with Mike Epps, Teairra Mari, Andy Milonakis, Luenell in supporting roles and the voice of Mystikal in a guest appearance. The story follows two high school students, geeky Devin and badman Mac, a stoner who befriends Devin and introduces him to cannabis. The high school's name, \\\"N. Hale\\\", is based on Nate Dogg's real name,\",\n \"title\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358181\",\n \"text\": \"letter\\\" formula. Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard's vocal contribution was significant in bringing a fresh yet hypnotic sexiness to the overall sound of the song while remaining true to the backup arrangements that Lamont Dozier had set down. Upon hearing the song's playback, an excited Ross rushed to Gordy's office and told him to come to the studio to listen to the song. Upon hearing playback, a satisfied Gordy nodded saying to the producers and the group that the song had potential to be a top ten hit. \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was released as a single on June\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903017\",\n \"text\": \"minute. Wham!'s recording of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\", while structurally similar to the Was (Not Was) original, leans toward to a soft rock ballad due to changes to the tempo and vocal inflection. Michael's arrangement is more spare and reliant on synthesizers and saxophone to convey the melody. Michael's vocals are less immersed in the backing arrangement in which the bass guitar and drums are markedly quieter in the mix. His vocal is more low-key than Sweet Pea Atkinson's, except for the final line of the third verse, \\\"and drifted out of sight\\\", which is accentuated. The official music\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358178\",\n \"text\": \"See About Me\\\", \\\"Stop! In the Name of Love\\\", and \\\"Back in My Arms Again\\\"). The song also reached number one on the \\\"Cash Box\\\" R&B singles chart. The Supremes' version is ranked #475 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry in 2016 due to its \\\"cultural, historic, or artistic significance.\\\" \\\"Billboard\\\" named the song #4 on its list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. According to Brian Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was written with The Supremes in mind. Though Supremes member Mary\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358183\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\", released later that year. A German language version of the song was recorded by the Supremes for German-speaking markets overseas. The song seemed to strike a chord in the United States, with a group which would become the most successful chart-topping American popular music group of the 1960s. The first of their American chart toppers, the song peaked just weeks after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, critically remarked as capturing the spirit of an America reeling from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, racial tension, increased United States involvement\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19025186\",\n \"text\": \"Nathan Rabin of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" also gave the film a negative review, saying \\\"The protégé completes his evolution when he uses his high-school valedictorian speech to perform 'Young, Wild & Free,' the hit single from \\\"Mac & Devin Go To High School\\\". 'Young, Wild & Free' is everything \\\"Mac & Devin Go To High School\\\" should be but isn’t: fun, light, goofy, entertaining, and young. In moments like this, the movie possesses a strange, disarming innocence, but it forces audiences to endure a punishing gauntlet of misogyny and non-starting comedy to get to that middling moment of moderate enjoyment.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7762720\",\n \"text\": \"PAOK, from 1986–1988, and in France, with ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne, from 1993 to 1999. Delaney Rudd Edward Delaney Rudd (born November 8, 1962) is a retired American professional basketball player. At a height of 1.88 m (6'2\\\") tall, he played at the point guard position. Rudd attended and played high school basketball at Eastman High School, in Hollister, North Carolina. After high school, Rudd attended and played college basketball Wake Forest University, with the Wake Forest Demon Deacons, from 1981 to 1985. In his pro career, Rudd played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), and in the NBA with the Utah\",\n \"title\": \"Delaney Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16600753\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States, with a Chicago-based radio station ranking it in its top 10 charts. Rudd is also shortlisted for the MTV Unsigned Competition 2013. Paul became an ambassador for 888 Casino worldwide in 2012 along with Shane Warne. In December 2012 Rudd agreed on a collaboration with the prominent house music singer, Amanda Wilson, to release a single in March 2013. The single, \\\"Trust in Me\\\" was a ballad, which was a departure from anything that Rudd or Wilson had worked on before. The track was then remix by heavyweights Cutmore, Andi Durrant, Mikael Wills and VIP with\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7762719\",\n \"text\": \"Delaney Rudd Edward Delaney Rudd (born November 8, 1962) is a retired American professional basketball player. At a height of 1.88 m (6'2\\\") tall, he played at the point guard position. Rudd attended and played high school basketball at Eastman High School, in Hollister, North Carolina. After high school, Rudd attended and played college basketball Wake Forest University, with the Wake Forest Demon Deacons, from 1981 to 1985. In his pro career, Rudd played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), and in the NBA with the Utah Jazz and the Portland Trail Blazers. He also played overseas, in Greece with\",\n \"title\": \"Delaney Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15011298\",\n \"text\": \"locally developed. The program has student tech and cast with a volunteer adult live orchestra. The program is directed by Lisa Whitson and the music is directed by Carly Carlson. Paul Kane High School Paul Kane High School (PKHS) is a high school in St. Albert, Alberta, Canada and is part of St. Albert Public Schools. The school colours are blue and white. The PKHS sports teams are named the Blues. PKHS is now well known for its many sports programs, including basketball, rugby and football. Paul Kane High School is a dual track high school in St. Albert where\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Kane High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15011296\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Kane High School Paul Kane High School (PKHS) is a high school in St. Albert, Alberta, Canada and is part of St. Albert Public Schools. The school colours are blue and white. The PKHS sports teams are named the Blues. PKHS is now well known for its many sports programs, including basketball, rugby and football. Paul Kane High School is a dual track high school in St. Albert where students can take their core courses with English or French as the language of instruction. Another program students can participate in is the Advanced Placement program which offers all AP\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Kane High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7109544\",\n \"text\": \"state championship. The Wildcats boys tennis include team won state championships in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Wharton High School's graduation on June 3, 2013 was disrupted when the principal ordered the microphone shut off during the salutatorian's address. The salutatorian was removed from the ceremony by off-duty law officers who were working security for the event. He did not receive his diploma during the event, but did get it later. The Hillsborough County School District defended the principal's actions. Paul R. Wharton High School Paul R. Wharton High School (also known as Wharton) is a public high school located on\",\n \"title\": \"Paul R. Wharton High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16072240\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States. In 2016 \\\"Mac & Devin Go to High School\\\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined album sales, on-demand audio, video streams, track sales equivalent of 500,000. Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack) Mac & Devin Go to High School is the collaborative soundtrack to the film of the same name, by American West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg and American rapper Wiz Khalifa. It was released on December 13, 2011, by Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Bruno Mars, Juicy J, Curren$y and\",\n \"title\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19025185\",\n \"text\": \"panned by critics. Pre-release reviews were bad. After its release, JP DelaCuesta of \\\"AllHipHop\\\" gave it a 3/10, saying: \\\"There’s no other way to say this except \\\"Mac and Devin Go to High School\\\" is bad – plain and simple. The on-screen collaboration between these two Hip-Hop heavyweights is a joke, and for their sakes, hopefully a joke that they and everyone involved with Mac and Devin were in on. At the end of the day, the only thing that \\\"Mac and Devin Go to High School\\\" proves is that we need \\\"How High 2\\\", and we need it bad!\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201151\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Over Her Dead Body\\\" with Eva Longoria the next year. In his next comedy which he also wrote, \\\"Role Models\\\", he and co-star Seann William Scott portray energy drink salesmen forced to perform community service in a child mentoring program. In 2009, Rudd again appeared with Jason Segel in \\\"I Love You Man\\\" where he and Segel play buddies who bond over their shared love for the rock band \\\"Rush\\\". Both Rudd and Segel are themselves fans of the band. Also in 2009, Rudd co-created the TV series \\\"Party Down\\\" with John Embom, Rob Thomas and Dan Etheridge. He\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114569\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Billboard\\\" magazine history to have three number-one hits from the same album. It was the album that introduced \\\"The Motown Sound\\\" to the masses. It was also, at the time, the highest-ranking album by an all-female group. It remained in the #2 position for 4 consecutive weeks in January 1965, shut out of the top spot by the Beatles' blockbuster \\\"Beatles '65\\\" album. \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" remained on the Billboard album chart for an unprecedented 89 weeks. According to Motown data, the album ultimately sold over 3,000,000 copies. This album was also the first ever number one album\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579998\",\n \"text\": \"too much information. News channels, the internet and social networking sites. People aren't leaving their bedrooms and it's just crazy. The things that make you most happy are quite simple. That song is looking for the romantic image of life, when people looked out for each other.\\\" According to Serge Pizzorno, the song's music video was inspired by Kenneth Anger's films like Scorpio Rising, Busby Berkeley and French cabaret. Following its release in August 2009, \\\"Where Did All the Love Go?\\\" entered the UK Singles Chart at a peak of #30. Although not as successful as the previous single \\\"\\\"Fire\\\"\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16600754\",\n \"text\": \"Club Mix as well. This then went on to hit No.4 in the UK Official Club Charts with Musicweek. It also beat Ellie Goulding to the No.1 spot in The DJ Top 30 in Canada and also staying at No.1 for two weeks in the Fusion Top 100 Dance Chart in the USA. Due to Rudd's increasing profile, his namesake, the Hollywood actor Paul Rudd told the BBC that he wished to meet the producer so the pair could record a single together. In 2013, Rudd collaborated with the rock singer Sam Calver on a summer anthem, Wake The World\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14876617\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hart to Hart\\\", \\\"Moonlighting\\\", \\\"Knots Landing\\\" and \\\"Murder, She Wrote\\\". In 1986, Rudd retired from acting to raise his children, moving his family from Los Angeles to his Greenwich, Connecticut near his native Massachusetts. Later in life, Rudd taught at local middle schools and high schools – on the subjects of theater, especially Shakespeare, and poetry. He was part of the theatre faculty at Sarah Lawrence College from 1999 to 2006. Rudd came briefly out of retirement for a 2000 production of \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", playing the double role of Oberon and Theseus–perhaps inspired by a production of the\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Ryan Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114570\",\n \"text\": \"on Billboard's R&B album chart in January 1965. Hip-O Select released a limited run fortieth anniversary deluxe edition of the album in 2004, which included both the mono and stereo versions of the album, as well as several outtakes, non-album tracks and a recorded live show from the Twenty Grand club in Detroit, Michigan. It sold out immediately. (see: Hip-O Select.com) They filmed performances of four of the singles from the album including \\\"Run, Run, Run\\\", \\\"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\\\", \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" and \\\"Baby Love\\\" for the concert film, \\\"The T.A.M.I. Show\\\" released\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8740673\",\n \"text\": \"Daniel Rudd Daniel Rudd (August 7, 18541933) was a Catholic journalist and civil rights leader who lived his early years in Bardstown, Kentucky on Anatok Plantation, where he was born into slavery. He was the eleventh of twelve children born to Eliza and Robert Rudd. Sometime before 1876 the ambitious Rudd moved to Springfield, Ohio, where he completed his education. As a member of St. Raphael Parish, he worked to help desegregate Springfield's schools. In 1885 Rudd founded \\\"The Ohio State Tribune\\\". The fledgling, weekly race paper did not do well, however. In 1886 Rudd changed the name of the\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16600749\",\n \"text\": \"station at his secondary School and then dipped his fingers in Hospital Radio as music was his life. In 1998, Rudd won the 'Search for a Star' competition at the Capital Radio Café in Leicester Square, London, with Neil Fox. Since his breakthrough, Rudd DJed at clubs around England including in Liverpool (Blue Rooms; The Crush; Ritz; and Time), Manchester (Stanley's), Nottingham (Z Bar) and at several clubs in London, including Galaxy Nightclub, as their resident DJ. Previous to 2011, Rudd had been remixing for the likes of Mis-teeq, Alexander O'Neil, Elton John, David Gray and Daft Punk to name\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16072236\",\n \"text\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack) Mac & Devin Go to High School is the collaborative soundtrack to the film of the same name, by American West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg and American rapper Wiz Khalifa. It was released on December 13, 2011, by Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Bruno Mars, Juicy J, Curren$y and Mike Posner. The album is supported by the lone hit single, \\\"Young, Wild & Free\\\". The album received positive reviews from music critics, who praised Snoop's and Khalifa's technical rapping abilities and production choices. The soundtrack debuted\",\n \"title\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9714800\",\n \"text\": \"St. Paul High School (Virginia) St. Paul High School, located in St. Paul, Virginia was part of Wise County Public Schools. St. Paul High educated approximately 200 students ranging from 8th through 12th grades. The school recently submitted its application for President Obama's Race to the Top High School Commencement Challenge. After the 2010-2011 school year, St. Paul High School closed when Wise County Public Schools consolidated Coeburn High School and St. Paul to form Eastside High School in Coeburn, Virginia. St. Paul High School had many different organizations that met during club schedules. Many of these organizations went on\",\n \"title\": \"St. Paul High School (Virginia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14099943\",\n \"text\": \"board approved the plan by a 6-1 vote, and June 10, 2011 saw Paul Harding High School close its doors as a district high school. In recent years, Harding struggled with test scores, graduation rates and other marks of academic achievement. At the time of its closing, the school was in its fifth year on state academic probation. Had the school not closed, it could have faced state intervention, including a possible takeover, if assessment scores did not improve. In 1965, Ball State University conducted a study for the newly formed East Allen County School Corporation. The study was made\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Harding High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2999848\",\n \"text\": \"did not make a start due to an injury. Kenny Wallace drove the No. 88 on an interim basis until Rudd healed, except at Talladega, where Mike Wallace drove the car. Rudd made his return at Charlotte, where he finished 11th. He finished his career with a 21st-place finish at the Ford 400 at Homestead-Miami. After the 2007 season, and a 32-year career, Rudd resides at his home in Cornelius, North Carolina. In 2007, Rudd was inducted into the 2007 Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and in 2010, he was selected to the Hampton Roads Sports Hall of Fame that\",\n \"title\": \"Ricky Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6454273\",\n \"text\": \"Dwayne Rudd Dwayne Rudd (born February 3, 1976) is a retired American football linebacker who played in the National Football League. During his career he played for the Minnesota Vikings, the Cleveland Browns and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Rudd was a teammate of Pittsburgh Steelers cornerback Deshea Townsend in both high school and college, at South Panola High School and the University of Alabama, respectively. Derek Pegues, a South Panola alum and an All-SEC Defensive Back for Mississippi State, is his cousin. Rudd's most infamous moment came in the 2002 season opener between the Browns and the Kansas City Chiefs.\",\n \"title\": \"Dwayne Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19313349\",\n \"text\": \"5th Dimension recorded \\\"Go Where You Wanna Go\\\" for their debut studio album in 1967, \\\"Up, Up and Away\\\". Johnny Rivers suggested the group cover the song. The song was the group's first single, and reached number 16 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It also did well in Canada. It is among the group's 10 biggest hits. Go Where You Wanna Go \\\"Go Where You Wanna Go\\\" is a 1965 song written by John Phillips. It was originally recorded by The Mamas & the Papas on their LP \\\"If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears\\\" and given limited\",\n \"title\": \"Go Where You Wanna Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9500432\",\n \"text\": \"on 2009-02-12 Eldon Rudd Eldon Dean Rudd (July 15, 1920February 8, 2002) was a U.S. Republican politician. Rudd was born in Camp Verde, Arizona. A 1939 graduate of Clarkdale High School in Clarkdale, Arizona, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served as a fighter pilot during World War II. After his discharge in 1946, he attended Arizona State College, from which he graduated in 1947, and the University of Arizona Law School in Tucson. After a brief period in private practice, Rudd became a special agent for the FBI in 1950. As the only FBI\",\n \"title\": \"Eldon Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9500426\",\n \"text\": \"Eldon Rudd Eldon Dean Rudd (July 15, 1920February 8, 2002) was a U.S. Republican politician. Rudd was born in Camp Verde, Arizona. A 1939 graduate of Clarkdale High School in Clarkdale, Arizona, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served as a fighter pilot during World War II. After his discharge in 1946, he attended Arizona State College, from which he graduated in 1947, and the University of Arizona Law School in Tucson. After a brief period in private practice, Rudd became a special agent for the FBI in 1950. As the only FBI field agent\",\n \"title\": \"Eldon Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17206351\",\n \"text\": \"St. Paul High School (Arkansas) St. Paul High School (SPHS) is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in St. Paul, Arkansas, United States. SPHS provides secondary education for more than 250 students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of three public high schools in Madison County and one of two high schools administered by the Huntsville School District. It was a part of the St. Paul School District until July 1, 2004,when that district was merged into the Huntsville School District. St. Paul High School is a Title I school that is accredited by the Arkansas Department\",\n \"title\": \"St. Paul High School (Arkansas)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17206348\",\n \"text\": \"St. Paul High School (Arkansas) St. Paul High School (SPHS) is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in St. Paul, Arkansas, United States. SPHS provides secondary education for more than 250 students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of three public high schools in Madison County and one of two high schools administered by the Huntsville School District. It was a part of the St. Paul School District until July 1, 2004,when that district was merged into the Huntsville School District. St. Paul High School is a Title I school that is accredited by the Arkansas Department\",\n \"title\": \"St. Paul High School (Arkansas)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2929713\",\n \"text\": \"James Price Point. Working with volunteer organisations Surf for Life and Waves of Hope, Rudd worked alongside other volunteers to build a high school in northern Nicaragua in late 2013. In 2014, Rudd performed at the Bentley anti-gas blockade campsite, in support of the Lock the Gate Alliance. He had previously travelled to the Doubtful Creek coal-seam gas test drilling site in February 2013 to voice his concerns about the gas drilling, saying \\\"our government is hopeless ruthless and toxic in terms of protecting our land.\\\" The protestor's actions at the Bentley Blockade, where they blocked the delivery of oil\",\n \"title\": \"Xavier Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18011593\",\n \"text\": \"Paul II High School in Greenville, North Carolina, became the second diocesan high school in the Diocese of Raleigh. In the 2010-2011 school year, the high school taught only ninth grade. It added grades 10-12 as students advanced through the 2013-2014 school year. The high school expansion mirrors growth in other areas of the diocese. John Paul II Catholic High School (North Carolina) John Paul II Catholic High School (JPII), located in Greenville, North Carolina is a four-year private coeducational college-preparatory Catholic high school in the Diocese of Raleigh that is an inclusive community where students of all faiths are\",\n \"title\": \"John Paul II Catholic High School (North Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201156\",\n \"text\": \"year he appeared in \\\"Twelfth Night\\\" with Kyra Sedgwick and Max Wright at the Lincoln Center Theatre. In 2006, he appeared in the Broadway production of Richard Greenberg's \\\"Three Days of Rain\\\" with Bradley Cooper and Julia Roberts at the Bernard Jacobs Theater. In 2012, Rudd appeared in the Broadway production of \\\"Craig Wright's Grace\\\" at the Cort Theatre. Starring alongside Rudd was Academy award nominee Michael Shannon, Kate Arrington, and seven-time Emmy award winner Ed Asner. In 2003, Rudd married Julie Yaeger. They have two children: a son, Jack Sullivan (b. 2004) and a daughter, Darby (b. 2009). Rudd\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201154\",\n \"text\": \"December 19, 2013, Rudd was officially confirmed as cast in the 2015 Marvel film \\\"Ant-Man\\\". He played lead character Scott Lang/Ant-Man, and also co-wrote the screenplay with Adam McKay. Rudd reprised his role in \\\"\\\" (2016) as well as \\\"Ant-Man\\\"s 2018 sequel, \\\"Ant-Man and the Wasp\\\"; he also co-wrote the latter. Rudd will return alongside Evangeline Lilly in \\\"\\\" (2019). Rudd reprised his role as Andy from \\\"Wet Hot American Summer\\\" in the Netflix prequel \\\"\\\", alongside an ensemble cast including Bradley Cooper, Amy Poehler and Elizabeth Banks, all reprising their roles from the 2001 film. In 2016, he appeared\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19025184\",\n \"text\": \"company. After two days of filming over the weekend of May 7, 2011, production was halted when it was reported that individuals (some involved with the film, some not) were smoking marijuana on campus, leading the school district to revoke the permit. Vandalism and theft from classrooms were also reported by teachers, and The Yard reportedly offered reimbursement to at least one. Straight-to-DVD release of the film was scheduled for April 20, 2012, which was then delayed to July 3, 2012. , the DVD had sold 54,641 units in the United States. \\\"Mac & Devin Go to High School\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"Mac & Devin Go to High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20868906\",\n \"text\": \"of Paterson. Paul VI's athletic teams were known as the Patriots. For much of the 1980s they were members of the Bergen-Passaic Scholastic League, where they kept a rivalry with Paterson Catholic High School. The Patriots won the Non-Public Group B North state championship in football for 1978. Ther baseball team won the Non-Public B state championship in 1979, defeating St. John Vianney High School in the tournament final. Following the 1989-1990 school year, the Paterson Diocese closed Paul VI Regional High School. The Valley Road facility became home to Pope John Paul II Elementary School, which opened in 1992\",\n \"title\": \"Paul VI High School (Clifton, New Jersey)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14099952\",\n \"text\": \"In the halls of Harding High School Live the hopes and dreams of all Memories grow strong and deep there Harding High School, hail! Wear her colors proudly! Sing her praises loudly! We sing to you, our Alma Mater Filled with glory, truth and honor Mem'ries of her will not falter Harding High School, hail! Paul Harding High School Paul Harding Jr. High School is a Jr. High school located on the southeast side of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Harding is a part of East Allen County Schools system located in Allen County, Indiana. On September 21, 2010, Superintendent Karyle Green\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Harding High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8698802\",\n \"text\": \"Paul VI High School Paul VI High School is a private Catholic high school located in Haddon Township, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As there is no post office in Haddon Township, the mailing address is Haddonfield. The school, founded in 1966, is named in honor of Pope Paul VI and is overseen by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1979. As of the 2015-16 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,113 students and 65.8 classroom teachers\",\n \"title\": \"Paul VI High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13792280\",\n \"text\": \"to junior and seniors called Co-Op that provides students with the technical and hands on experience of the work force while in school. Paul W. Bryant High School currently fields a varsity team in nine men's and eight women's sports. They are: Paul W. Bryant High School Paul W. Bryant High School serves grades 9 through 12 and is located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, forming part of the Tuscaloosa City Schools. The school is named after former Alabama Crimson Tide football head coach Paul William \\\"Bear\\\" Bryant. The school competes as part of the Alabama High School Athletic Association in Region\",\n \"title\": \"Paul W. Bryant High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9907134\",\n \"text\": \"Paul VI Catholic High School Paul VI Catholic High School (known as \\\"PVI\\\") is a Roman Catholic college preparatory school in Fairfax, Virginia, US. The school is located in southwest Fairfax, and is named after Pope Paul VI. It competes in the Washington Catholic Athletic Conference and has a high-profile athletic rivalry with Bishop O'Connell High School in Arlington. Paul VI opened for the 1983–84 school year, accepting freshmen and sophomore students only. The next year (1984–85), the school was open to freshmen through juniors, and 1985–86 saw the first senior class. The Diocese of Arlington purchased the school building,\",\n \"title\": \"Paul VI Catholic High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13459612\",\n \"text\": \"disco progenitors Jean-Marc Cerrone and Giorgio Moroder. \\\"Where You Go I Go Too\\\" is often classified as \\\"space disco\\\" due to these influences and because it possesses a \\\"spacey, psychedelic\\\" sound. Lindstrøm listened to the Beach Boys, the Eagles, and Kirsty MacColl while writing the album. \\\"Where You Go I Go Too\\\" debuted at No. 11 on the Norwegian music chart. The following week it fell to No. 27 before leaving the list. The record did not chart internationally. In 2009, \\\"Where You Go I Go Too\\\" received a Spellemannprisen award for \\\"best electronica album\\\". The album was well received\",\n \"title\": \"Where You Go I Go Too\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9741798\",\n \"text\": \"Paul G. Blazer High School Paul G. Blazer High School (named for Paul G. Blazer) is a public high school located in Ashland, Kentucky. It is part of the Ashland Independent school district. Blazer replaced the former Ashland High School on Lexington Avenue and the former Booker T. Washington Grade and High School at Seventh Street and Central Avenue in 1962. It started out as a school for grades 10-12 but changed over to 9-12 in 1980. For this reason, Blazer is still commonly referred to as simply \\\"Blazer\\\" by local residents, or \\\"Ashland-Blazer\\\" in publications about the school. Blazer\",\n \"title\": \"Paul G. Blazer High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9734866\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Rudd Charles Dunell Rudd (22 October 1844 – 15 November 1916) was the main business associate of Cecil Rhodes. He was the son of Henry Rudd (1809-1884), a ‘South African merchant’ and his first wife Mary Stanbridge. Rudd studied at Harrow School and then entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1863, where he excelled in playing rackets. Before completing his degree, he left for Cape Colony in 1865, where he hunted with the likes of John Dunn and endeavored in various business enterprises. In the early 1870s, he worked for his brother Thomas' (1831–1902) Port Elizabeth-based trading firm. In 1872\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13792276\",\n \"text\": \"Paul W. Bryant High School Paul W. Bryant High School serves grades 9 through 12 and is located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, forming part of the Tuscaloosa City Schools. The school is named after former Alabama Crimson Tide football head coach Paul William \\\"Bear\\\" Bryant. The school competes as part of the Alabama High School Athletic Association in Region 4 of the 6A division. With the 1999 lifting of the desegregation order that resulted in the creation of Central High School in 1979, the School Board began exploring the option to construct three new high schools to replace Central. By the\",\n \"title\": \"Paul W. Bryant High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16600751\",\n \"text\": \"with weighty beats and heavy drops\\\", like an \\\"old school club classic with a modern twist\\\". Rudd's catalogue expanded in May 2012 with the release of \\\"Set Me Free 2012\\\", a remake of the 1986 hit featuring its original singer, Jaki Graham on vocals. The track was recorded at Britannia Row Studios, London, in March 2012, and mixed by Tony Matthew, Britannia's engineer. Model Louise Cole featured in the music video. Rudd and Graham first met in 2003, when they met again years later, Rudd asked Graham if she would be interested in collaborating on a remix. Graham said later,\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14099941\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Harding High School Paul Harding Jr. High School is a Jr. High school located on the southeast side of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Harding is a part of East Allen County Schools system located in Allen County, Indiana. On September 21, 2010, Superintendent Karyle Green presented a redesign plan at the meeting of the EACS school board. The plan was presented as a way for the school district to reduce expenses, respond to reduced student enrollment, and revise the academic opportunities provided to the students. As part of that plan, it was announced that Harding High School and seven elementary\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Harding High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9907136\",\n \"text\": \"not from the De Sales order. Philip Robey was selected for this position, and stepped down seven years later. He was replaced by Virginia Colwell, a former English teacher at Paul VI. In 2020 the high school will be relocating to South Riding in Loudoun County, VA. <ref> Paul VI Catholic High School Paul VI Catholic High School (known as \\\"PVI\\\") is a Roman Catholic college preparatory school in Fairfax, Virginia, US. The school is located in southwest Fairfax, and is named after Pope Paul VI. It competes in the Washington Catholic Athletic Conference and has a high-profile athletic rivalry\",\n \"title\": \"Paul VI Catholic High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19882696\",\n \"text\": \"studio and producing their album as well.\\\" The Superjesus reformed for a one-off reunion show in Adelaide on 1 February 2013. McLeod stating that it was Rudd who inspired the decision to reform. Rudd explained, \\\"two or so years ago, Sarah [McLeod] and I were having breakfast and we thought about doing something again. We were both really keen on the idea and of course Paul [Berryman] was living overseas. In the meantime I did a few acoustic shows with Sarah which were great fun. I let it be known to the other guys on how much fun was had.\",\n \"title\": \"Stuart Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15365148\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago) Paul Robeson High School (simply known as Robeson) is a public 4–year high school located in the Englewood neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in September 1977, Robeson is a part of the Chicago Public Schools district. The school is named in honor of African-American entertainer and athlete Paul Leroy Robeson. Prior to becoming Robeson High School, the school was known as Francis W. Parker High School from 1910–1977. Parker was located at 68th and Stewart Avenue (6800 S. Stewart Avenue) about 100 yards away from the present Robeson location\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15365145\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago) Paul Robeson High School (simply known as Robeson) is a public 4–year high school located in the Englewood neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in September 1977, Robeson is a part of the Chicago Public Schools district. The school is named in honor of African-American entertainer and athlete Paul Leroy Robeson. Prior to becoming Robeson High School, the school was known as Francis W. Parker High School from 1910–1977. Parker was located at 68th and Stewart Avenue (6800 S. Stewart Avenue) about 100 yards away from the present Robeson location\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Robeson High School (Chicago)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19565119\",\n \"text\": \"Victor Rudd Victor Rudd (born March 18, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Auxilium Torino of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball at Arizona State University, and at the University of South Florida. At a height of 6'9\\\" (2.06 m) tall, he plays at the power forward position, and can also play as a center, if needed. Rudd played high school basketball at Findlay Prep, in Henderson, Nevada. Rudd played college basketball at Arizona State University, with the Sun Devils, from 2009 to 2010, and at the University of South Florida, with\",\n \"title\": \"Victor Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8986979\",\n \"text\": \"John Paul Stevens High School John Paul Stevens High School is one of nine public high schools in the Northside Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, USA, located near SeaWorld San Antonio. As with all Northside ISD schools, the school is named for a United States Supreme Court justice, in this case John Paul Stevens, who attended the school's dedication in 2005. In 2017, the school was rated \\\"Met Standard\\\" by the Texas Education Agency. In 1987, Pope John Paul II held mass on the site that later became Stevens High School. The service was part of his visit\",\n \"title\": \"John Paul Stevens High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201158\",\n \"text\": \"Young (SAY), a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping young people who stutter. He hosted the organization's 6th Annual All-Star Bowling Benefit on January 22, 2018. Rudd told \\\"Vanity Fair\\\" that he became an advocate for stuttering awareness after portraying a character who stutters in a play. Rudd is also a founder of the charity The Big Slick, a celebrity studded sports-focused event held in Kansas City every June to support the works of Kansas City's Children's Mercy Hospital. Since 2014, Rudd and fellow actor Jeffrey Dean Morgan have been co-owners of Samuel's Sweet Shop, a town of Rhinebeck, NY candy\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2999844\",\n \"text\": \"Racing in 2000. Although he still did not win any races that season, he had two poles and moved to fifth in the points standings, a 26-spot improvement over the previous year. In 2001, Rudd got his first win in three years at Pocono Raceway, followed by another win at Richmond late in the season. He also matched a career-high 14 Top 5 finishes. He won his most recent race at Infineon in 2002, but dropped to 10th in the standings. Rudd left Roberts Yates Racing at the end of the 2002 season. In 2003, Rudd was hired to drive\",\n \"title\": \"Ricky Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5600027\",\n \"text\": \"Roswell Rudd Roswell Hopkins Rudd Jr. (November 17, 1935 – December 21, 2017) was an American jazz trombonist and composer. Although skilled in a variety of genres of jazz (including Dixieland, which he performed while in college) and other genres of music, he was known primarily for his work in free and avant-garde jazz. Beginning in 1962 Rudd worked extensively with saxophonist Archie Shepp. Rudd was born in Sharon, Connecticut. He attended the Hotchkiss School and graduated from Yale University, where he played with Eli's Chosen Six, a dixieland band of students that Rudd joined in the mid-1950s. The sextet\",\n \"title\": \"Roswell Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16600750\",\n \"text\": \"a few through Mastermix and DMC. In June 2011, Rudd released his first single, \\\"X-Me\\\", featuring American actress Kelly-Anne Lyons on vocals. \\\"Egotastic\\\", the follow up to \\\"X-Me\\\", was launched at the iconic Ibiza Rocks festival, where he was DJing with Hed Kandi. Released at the end of June 2011, the 3 1/2-minute track played across Europe. \\\"More Amore\\\", featuring Vivi, released in November 2011, was shortlisted in the final of the 'One to Watch' category of MTV's Brand New for 2012 competition. Differing slightly from his earlier releases, Rudd described the track as including \\\"an incessant piano motif, layered\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7109542\",\n \"text\": \"Paul R. Wharton High School Paul R. Wharton High School (also known as Wharton) is a public high school located on Bruce B. Downs Boulevard in New Tampa, Florida . It is one of 27 traditional (9-12) high schools in the Hillsborough County Public Schools system. The facility was dedicated to Mr. Paul R. Wharton, who served the Hillsborough County school system for 38 years. The school opened on August 21, 1997. In 2010 Wharton earned a grade of C from the Florida Department of Education. In 2012 Wharton's graduation rate was 75% as compared to a statewide rate of\",\n \"title\": \"Paul R. Wharton High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10822705\",\n \"text\": \"St. Paul High School (Ottawa) St. Paul High School is a Catholic high school in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The school originally opened in 1978 under the name Bells Corners Senior Elementary School. It was located at 411 Seyton Drive in the Bells Corners neighbourhood in the city of Nepean, Ontario. Delays in construction meant that the school was late in opening, students were not able to move in until October. Students spent the first month attending classes at their old schools. The school community asked that the school be renamed after Saint Paul, and the name was changed within the\",\n \"title\": \"St. Paul High School (Ottawa)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3201157\",\n \"text\": \"is a fan of MLB's Kansas City Royals and of the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs, for whom he narrated the 2007 season of HBO's \\\"Hard Knocks.\\\" Rudd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 1, 2015. He unveiled the 2,554th star on the mile-long strip of plaques on Hollywood Boulevard. At the occasion Rudd said, \\\"I remember being a kid and walking this boulevard and reading the names and thinking about what so many other millions of people thought about, which is, you know, 'Who's that?'\\\" Rudd is a supporter of the Stuttering Association for the\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Rudd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6610134\",\n \"text\": \"Paul High School moved to the Lindeke Building at 7th and Jackson streets where it occupied the second floor. That year, graduation exercises were held in the Saint Paul Civic Opera House where they were held until it was destroyed by a fire in 1899. Then the commencement exercises were held in the People's Church until the completion of the Saint Paul Auditorium. In 1872, the graduating class consisted of 12 students: five boys and seven girls. In 1873, the graduating class of 12 students originated the custom of presenting each senior with a souvenir appropriate to his/her character. For\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Paul Central High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10363304\",\n \"text\": \"St. Paul Catholic High School St. Paul Catholic High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Bristol, Connecticut, United States. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford. Its mascot is the falcon, and its colors are blue, white, and crimson. The school is known for their performing arts, as well as for their athletics. St. Paul was established in 1966 and was originally staffed by the Sisters of St. Joseph. St. Paul has a long athletic tradition dating back to the 1960s in such sports as baseball, basketball, indoor and outdoor track, soccer, and swimming-\",\n \"title\": \"St. Paul Catholic High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8986981\",\n \"text\": \"Potranco and Military Roads). The Stevens Falcons compete in the following sports: John Paul Stevens High School John Paul Stevens High School is one of nine public high schools in the Northside Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, USA, located near SeaWorld San Antonio. As with all Northside ISD schools, the school is named for a United States Supreme Court justice, in this case John Paul Stevens, who attended the school's dedication in 2005. In 2017, the school was rated \\\"Met Standard\\\" by the Texas Education Agency. In 1987, Pope John Paul II held mass on the site that\",\n \"title\": \"John Paul Stevens High School\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["shawnee mission west high school"],"string":"[\n \"shawnee mission west high school\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1293,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what gauge strings john mayer?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11874568","text":"Where the Light Is (John Mayer album) Where the Light Is: John Mayer Live in Los Angeles, commonly referred to as Where the Light Is, is a live album and concert film by American blues-rock musician John Mayer. Released on July 1, 2008, the album documents Mayer's performance at the Nokia Theatre at L.A. Live in Los Angeles, California on December 8, 2007, during the promotional tour for his 2006 third studio album \"Continuum\". The concert in question, which was for the Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue, featured three separate performances: the first an acoustic set by Mayer alone,","title":"Where the Light Is (John Mayer album)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11874568\",\n \"text\": \"Where the Light Is (John Mayer album) Where the Light Is: John Mayer Live in Los Angeles, commonly referred to as Where the Light Is, is a live album and concert film by American blues-rock musician John Mayer. Released on July 1, 2008, the album documents Mayer's performance at the Nokia Theatre at L.A. Live in Los Angeles, California on December 8, 2007, during the promotional tour for his 2006 third studio album \\\"Continuum\\\". The concert in question, which was for the Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue, featured three separate performances: the first an acoustic set by Mayer alone,\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Light Is (John Mayer album)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1684324","text":"of the most unique musicians in the world [...] here's John Mayer playing everyone else's licks.\" The comment itself drew controversy, and Mayer, for his part, said, \"I care about this band too much to give that life,\" and that \"I realized not long ago that I'm done debating my own merits.\" On his third episode of \"Current Mood,\" he revealed he had been sober for two years. He stopped drinking after having, what he says, was a six-day hangover after Drake's 30th birthday party. Mayer has never married, but has been romantically involved with Jennifer Love Hewitt, Jessica Simpson,","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"7407178","text":"\"special packaging\" was a shiny silver bag which held the CD and the pre-order bonuses. All artwork was designed by Mayer along with Smog Design, Inc. The inside of the CD sleeve includes photographs, some taken by Mayer, such as of the studio (where Mayer's handwriting describes, \"*this is what my heart looks like*\") and a Ferris wheel where Mayer's handwriting is imposed over the top of the photograph, featuring the lyrics to his songs. There is also a photograph of Mayer with Pino Palladino and Steve Jordan (the three who comprise the John Mayer Trio) on a beach. The","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"14276344","text":"live gigs—featuring his son Jonathan Mayer on sitar—until John's death. The Joe Harriott-John Mayer Double Quintet composed the distinctive theme tune, \"Acka Raga\", for the early episodes of the BBC quiz show \"Ask the Family\", which was broadcast between 1967 and 1984. The theme featured Mayer on sitar. From 1989 onwards, Mayer, who lived in north London, taught composition at Birmingham Conservatoire where he introduced the BMus Indian music course in 1997. In March 2004, Mayer was hit by a car in North London and fatally injured. He was 74. John Mayer (composer) John Mayer (28 October 1929 – 9","title":"John Mayer (composer)"},{"psg_id":"1684316","text":"an Atlanta area code. This model was followed by the release of two Fender signature Stratocaster electric guitars, beginning in 2005. A third Stratocaster, finished in charcoal frost metallic paint with a racing stripe, was also a limited-release, with only 100 guitars made. In January 2006, Martin Guitars released the Martin OMJM John Mayer acoustic guitar. The guitar was intended to have many of the attributes of the Martin OM-28 John Mayer but with a more affordable price tag. In August 2006, Fender started manufacturing SERIES II John Mayer Stratocasters. In January 2007, Two Rock collaborated with Mayer on custom-designed","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684317","text":"amps. Only 25 (all signed by Mayer himself) were made available to the public along with a 500-run John Mayer signature Fender Stratocaster in Cypress-Mica, including the limited Cypress-Mica model was the INCSvsJM gig bag on which Mayer collaborated with Incase designs. In 2006, Mayer was estimated to have more than 200 guitars in his personal collection. John Mayer's most iconic guitar is the \"Black1\". Conceived after the Heavier Things tour, Mayer went to Fender Custom Shop with the desire to build a guitar. He was inspired by guitars of famous players the likes of Rory Gallagher and Stevie Ray","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"6107160","text":"for Everything\", though it was released solely under his name as his seventh album. Prior to being released as an album, eight of the tracks were released on two EPs: \"\" and \"\". John Mayer Trio The John Mayer Trio is an American blues rock band that formed in 2005. Comprising singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer, bassist Pino Palladino and drummer Steve Jordan, the band has released one live album, \"Try!\" in 2005. Three of the songs on the album were co-written by Jordan, Mayer, and Palladino, and the album was co-produced by Mayer and Jordan. In 2005, Mayer and","title":"John Mayer Trio"},{"psg_id":"6107152","text":"John Mayer Trio The John Mayer Trio is an American blues rock band that formed in 2005. Comprising singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer, bassist Pino Palladino and drummer Steve Jordan, the band has released one live album, \"Try!\" in 2005. Three of the songs on the album were co-written by Jordan, Mayer, and Palladino, and the album was co-produced by Mayer and Jordan. In 2005, Mayer and Jordan had committed to a telethon on NBC, with bassist Willie Weeks entitled Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope to raise funds and public awareness benefiting victims in the aftermath of the tsunami","title":"John Mayer Trio"},{"psg_id":"1684333","text":"discovered that seven of the $5 million in watches he purchased from the dealer contained counterfeit parts. He dropped the charges in May 2015, releasing a statement that asserted that research restored his \"belief that Bob Maron is an expert on Rolex watches, and confirmed that Bob Maron never sold him a counterfeit watch\". Mayer has won seven awards from nineteen nominations. </div> John Mayer John Clayton Mayer (; born October 16, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684315","text":"early 2015 on three dates, February 4–6, after the retirement of Craig Ferguson. Mayer makes a cameo as a truck driver in the 2014 comedy horror film \"Zombeavers\". In the 2015 film \"Get Hard\", he played a version of himself who is disgusted with the \"monetization of the creative process.\" John Mayer is a guitar collector and has collaborated with elite guitar companies to design his own instruments. He owns over 200 guitars. In 2003, Martin Guitars gave Mayer his own signature model acoustic guitar called the OM-28 John Mayer. The guitar was limited to a run of only 404,","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684262","text":"John Mayer John Clayton Mayer (; born October 16, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in 1997 with Clay Cook. Together, they formed a short-lived two-man band called Lo-Fi Masters. After their split, Mayer continued to play local clubs, refining his skills and gaining a following. After his appearance at the 2001 South by Southwest Festival, he was signed to Aware Records, and then Columbia Records, which released his first EP, \"Inside Wants Out\". His following two full-length albums—\"Room","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"9217420","text":"John Mayer discography The discography of American singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer consists of seven studio albums, seven live albums, three compilation albums, two video albums, four extended plays, twenty-four singles and seventeen music videos. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer moved to Atlanta, Georgia and began playing in local clubs in 1998. He released the extended play \"Inside Wants Out\" in September of the following year. \"Inside Wants Out\", as well as continued performances, brought Mayer to the attention of independent record label Aware Records. Aware later signed Mayer and released his full-length debut studio album, \"Room for Squares\", in","title":"John Mayer discography"},{"psg_id":"9217424","text":"\"Wildfire\" and \"Who You Love\" ft. Katy Perry. Mayer's seventh studio album, \"The Search for Everything\", was released in April 2017. Mayer has sold 16 million albums in the United States as of January 2015. John Mayer discography The discography of American singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer consists of seven studio albums, seven live albums, three compilation albums, two video albums, four extended plays, twenty-four singles and seventeen music videos. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer moved to Atlanta, Georgia and began playing in local clubs in 1998. He released the extended play \"Inside Wants Out\" in September of the following","title":"John Mayer discography"},{"psg_id":"8281594","text":"stringing may be a good alternative to natural gut and multi-filament strings. This is especially true for those who have had tennis elbow and find natural gut string to be too costly. Metal wire, usually piano wire, was used in some historical racquets. The \"gauge\" number determines the thickness of the string. A string rated with a high gauge number is a thinner string, and vice versa. Thinner strings typically offer higher performance but break more frequently than thicker strings. Virtually all modern raquets are strung in a criss-cross horizontal-vertical pattern. Various other patterns have been used in history with","title":"Strings (tennis)"},{"psg_id":"1684325","text":"Minka Kelly, Jennifer Aniston, and Katy Perry. In 2002, Mayer created the \"Back to You\" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts and talent development. The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts and signed CDs. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value. Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for climate change held July 7, 2007. Mayer performed at a number of","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684313","text":"\"John Mayer Has a TV Show\", with antics including wearing a bear suit while anonymously teasing concertgoers in the parking lot outside one of his concerts. Steve Jobs invited Mayer to perform during Apple's annual keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2004 as Jobs introduced the music production software GarageBand. Mayer became a fixture of the event, including at the 2007 iPhone announcement. Volkswagen concluded a deal with instrument manufacturer First Act to include a GarageMaster electric guitar that was playable through the stereo system of six of their 2007 models; Mayer (along with Slash and","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"9476507","text":"thinner, whilst the \"jiazhong\" 〖加重〗 [Added Thickness] is thicker. According to the \"Yugu Zhai Qinpu\", \"zhongqing\" is the best. However, these three gauges have practical relevance as thinner strings sound better on thicker instruments and vice versa, compensating for the thickness of the instrument and thus the potential tone and volume. The Taigu brand of silk strings indicate that the \"zhongqing\" gauge is suitable for longer qins, made of Chinese fir and/or have a thicker top board whilst the \"jiazhong\" gauge is suitable for shorter qins, made of paulownia and/or have a thinner top board (the \"taigu\" gauge being suitable","title":"Guqin strings"},{"psg_id":"9926760","text":"Kellogg: Wordless flip-books featuring two stories Books written by George Mendoza that Mercer Mayer illustrated: Book by Jan Wahl that Mercer Mayer illustrated: Book by Jay Williams that Mercer Mayer illustrated: Books from John D. Fitzgerald's \"The Great Brain\" series that were originally illustrated by Mercer Mayer. Some later releases had new front covers by a different illustrator, but were still illustrated by Mercer Mayer on the inside. \"The Great Brain\" series by John D. Fitzgerald Books by Barbara Wersba that Mercer Mayer illustrated: \"What do You do with a Kangaroo\" (released on cassette, CD, and download) - read by","title":"Mercer Mayer bibliography"},{"psg_id":"9250926","text":"11, 2007. (The wake-up call is a tradition for NASA spaceflights since the days of Project Gemini.) The song was featured in the \"House\" episode, Cane and Able, that aired on September 12, 2006, the day \"Continuum\" was released in the United States. Gravity (John Mayer song) \"Gravity\" is a song by American singer-songwriter guitarist John Mayer and is featured on three of his releases: the 2005 live album \"Try!\" by the John Mayer Trio, his 2006 studio album \"Continuum\", and his 2008 live album \"\". In 2007, the song was released as the third single from \"Continuum\". Mayer suggested","title":"Gravity (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"9250922","text":"Gravity (John Mayer song) \"Gravity\" is a song by American singer-songwriter guitarist John Mayer and is featured on three of his releases: the 2005 live album \"Try!\" by the John Mayer Trio, his 2006 studio album \"Continuum\", and his 2008 live album \"\". In 2007, the song was released as the third single from \"Continuum\". Mayer suggested in an interview with the magazine \"Performing Songwriter\" that \"Gravity\" was the song he was always trying to write, using the example of \"Come Back to Bed\" (from \"Heavier Things\") as being an early attempt at \"writing \"Gravity\"\". Along with \"Vultures\", the song","title":"Gravity (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"1684312","text":"a wonderful past, it is true—but in admiring what we achieved thus far, we hope you will feel encouraged to look forward to what we achieve in the future\". During an appearance on the Jimmy Kimmel Live show in September 2018, Mayer showed a trailer for his new Instagram Live show. The show \"Current Mood\" debuted on his IGTV account on Sunday evening on September 30. Episodes have continued to air on that schedule on a weekly basis. Guests have included Charlie Puth, Cazzie David, and musician Thundercat. In 2004, Mayer hosted a one-shot, half-hour comedy special on VH1 titled","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684279","text":"singer-songwriter genres. Fame allowed him access to his early influences, and he began collaborating with blues and jazz artists. He accompanied Buddy Guy in a concert at the Irving Plaza in December 2003. He toured with jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, including a show at the Bonnaroo Music Festival. He also performed on commercial releases, namely, with Eric Clapton (\"Back Home\", Crossroads Guitar Festival), Buddy Guy (\"Bring 'Em In)\", John Scofield (\"That's What I Say\"), and B.B. King (\"\"). Although Mayer maintained his reputation as a singer-songwriter, he gained distinction as a guitarist, Following the conclusion of his \"Heavier Things\" tour,","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684332","text":"the two were a couple, an assertion that neither addressed. However, Swift released a song called \"Dear John\" in 2010, which was widely believed to be about her relationship with him. In June 2012, Mayer criticized the song, saying she never contacted him and that \"it's abusing your talent to rub your hands together and go, 'Wait till he gets a load of this!'\" The song \"Paper Doll\"—the first single from Mayer's album \"Paradise Valley\"—was reportedly a response, an assertion which Mayer has neither confirmed nor denied. In March 2014, Mayer sued watch dealer Robert Maron for $656,000 when he","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684321","text":"2017 at NAMM, PRS and Mayer announced J-MOD 100 signature amp. In June 2017, the Super Eagle II was revealed, limited to 120 instruments. In January 2018, Martin Guitar announced limited (45 instruments) John Mayer Signature D-45, with list price $14,999. In March 2018, Mayer's signature Silver Sky model was released by PRS, available in four colors. While \"Music Trade\" called the Silver Sky \"derivative,\" it said that all the elements were \"designed from the ground up\" and built with \"attention to detail.\" Mayer has stood out as among his peers as a guitarist. He was featured on the cover","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684308","text":"and explained his decision not to take part: With the June 2004 issue of \"Esquire\", Mayer began a column called \"Music Lessons with John Mayer\". Each article featured a lesson and his views on various topics, both of personal and popular interest. In the August 2005 issue, he invited readers to create music for orphaned lyrics he had written. The winner was Tim Fagan of L.A., as announced in the following January's issue. As social media gained momentum in the 2000s, Mayer became increasingly active online, and maintained four blogs: a Myspace page, a blog at his official site, another","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684281","text":"John Mayer Trio with bassist Pino Palladino and drummer Steve Jordan, both of whom he had met through studio sessions. The trio combined blues and rock music. In October 2005 they opened for the Rolling Stones and that November released a live album called \"Try!\" The band took a break in mid-2006. Mayer's third studio album, titled \"Continuum\", was released on September 12, 2006, produced by Mayer and Steve Jordan. Mayer suggested the album was intended to combine blues and pop. In that vein, two of the tracks from his Trio release \"Try!\"—\"Vultures\" and \"Gravity\"—were included on \"Continuum\". Despite his","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"14276342","text":"John Mayer (composer) John Mayer (28 October 1929 – 9 March 2004) was an Indian composer known primarily for his fusions of jazz with Indian music in the British-based group Indo-Jazz Fusions with the Jamaican-born saxophonist Joe Harriott.. Mayer was born in Calcutta, Bengal, British India, to an Anglo-Indian father and Tamil mother, after studying with Phillipe Sandre in Calcutta and Melhi Mehta in Bombay, he won a scholarship to London's Royal Academy of Music in 1952, where he studied comparative music and religion in eastern and western cultures. He worked as a violinist with the London Philharmonic Orchestra (1953–58)","title":"John Mayer (composer)"},{"psg_id":"1684320","text":"signature Stratocasters were produced in three-tone sunburst and Olympic White finishes. In 2014, John Mayer announced that he was no longer a Fender Artist. As a result, his signature line of guitars was pulled from production. In 2015, Mayer announced that he was collaborating with PRS Guitars. In March 2016, Mayer and PRS revealed their collaborative project, the Super Eagle. This was limited release from PRS's Private Stock line of instruments. Each guitar features ultra-grade woods, abalone inlay, JCF Audio preamps, and a hand-signed sticker by glass-artist David Smith. Only 100 were produced, each retailing for over $10,000. In January","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"11363947","text":"Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue The Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue began in December 2007. The first event was a charity concert performance held by American musician John Mayer on December 8, 2007. The performance consisted of three sets, beginning with Mayer performing solo on an acoustic guitar, followed by a performance with the John Mayer Trio, with the trio's members Steve Jordan and Pino Palladino. The third and final set of the concert featured Mayer's full touring band. The performance is set to become an annual event with a similar structure occurring every year. The concert was","title":"Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue"},{"psg_id":"8281582","text":"Strings (tennis) In tennis, the strings are the part of a tennis racquet which make contact with the ball. The strings form a woven network inside the head (or \"hoop\") of the racquet. Strings have been made with a variety of materials and possess varying properties that have been measured, such as dynamic stiffness, tension retention, thickness (gauge), string texture (shape of the string), and rebound efficiency. The material used in tennis string can significantly affect a player's performance, and even health. Several materials are used to make tennis strings. They vary in terms of elasticity, durability, rebound efficiency, tension","title":"Strings (tennis)"},{"psg_id":"9476506","text":"in a vat of liquid composed of a special mixture of natural glue (ingredients include Bletilla striata and isinglass) that binds the strands together. The strings is taken out and left to dry, before being cut into the appropriate length. The top thicker strings (i.e. strings one to four) are further wrapped in a thin silk thread, coiled around the core to make it smoother. According to ancient manuals, there are three distinctive gauges of thickness that one can make the strings. The first is \"taigu\" 〖太古〗 [Great Antiquity] which is the standard gauge, the \"zhongqing\" 〖中清〗 [Middle Clarity] is","title":"Guqin strings"},{"psg_id":"8281602","text":"magazine, has named a Stringer of the Year. Past winners were: Strings (tennis) In tennis, the strings are the part of a tennis racquet which make contact with the ball. The strings form a woven network inside the head (or \"hoop\") of the racquet. Strings have been made with a variety of materials and possess varying properties that have been measured, such as dynamic stiffness, tension retention, thickness (gauge), string texture (shape of the string), and rebound efficiency. The material used in tennis string can significantly affect a player's performance, and even health. Several materials are used to make tennis","title":"Strings (tennis)"},{"psg_id":"8458684","text":"Daughters (John Mayer song) \"Daughters\" is the third single from \"Heavier Things\", the 2003 studio album from blues rock singer-songwriter, John Mayer. The critically acclaimed song won numerous awards, including the 2005 Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 47th Grammy Awards. It has sold 1,007,000 copies in the US as of May 2013. Lyrically, \"Daughters\" is an admonition to fathers (and to a lesser extent mothers) to nurture their daughters in their childhood, because the relationship will affect their future relationships with men as adults. He uses his own troubled lover to illustrate his belief. Mayer has","title":"Daughters (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"13817199","text":"Who Says (John Mayer song) \"Who Says\" is the thirteenth single released by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, and the first to be released from his fourth studio album, \"Battle Studies\". It is Mayer's first studio recorded single release since \"Say\" in 2007. On September 25, 2009, \"Who Says\" was released on John Mayer's official website. The song’s music video shows images of Mayer clubbing and dining out at night-time paired with scenes of him alone in his apartment, cleaning up and noodling on his guitar. Referencing the video, Leah Greenblatt of \"Entertainment Weekly\" asked \"Who says the life of a","title":"Who Says (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"6107154","text":"mistake: One-time Berklee College of Music student Mayer is a badass guitar player. Backed by studio aces Steve Jordan on drums and Pino Palladino on bass...his blues playing was consistently impressive.\" \"But\", he added, \"he's a bit too eager to impress.\" In February 2005, the trio played Mayer's single \"Daughters\" at the 47th Grammy Awards, for which Mayer went on to win the award for \"Best Male Vocal Performance\" later that night (though the Trio performed, the act was announced only as \"John Mayer\"). The Trio released \"Come When I Call\" exclusively to iTunes. While \"Rolling Stone\" said the for-download-only","title":"John Mayer Trio"},{"psg_id":"1684326","text":"benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. He has participated in benefits for the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007. followed by an appearance with Rob Thomas at the Annual Holiday Concert at Blythedale Children's Hospital in Valhalla that winter. On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684323","text":"Baltin commented on this dichotomy, saying that May is \"one of the sharpest and savviest musical minds you will ever encounter,\" and added, \"While many have found reasons to dislike Mayer since the beginning of his career, he is a consummate musician's musician, an artist who has been embraced by Eric Clapton, Stevie Wonder and Buddy Guy among others.\" Mayer's inclusion in the Grateful Dead was not without its critics. Chris Robinson of the Chris Robinson Brotherhood said that \"everything that Jerry Garcia ever talked about or stood for, John Mayer is the antithesis,\" and that while \"Jerry was one","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684263","text":"for Squares\" (2001) and \"Heavier Things\" (2003)—did well commercially, achieving multi-platinum status. In 2003, he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the single \"Your Body Is a Wonderland\". By 2005, Mayer had moved away from the acoustic music that characterized his early records, and begun performing the blues and rock music that had originally influenced him as a musician. He collaborated with blues artists such as B. B. King, Buddy Guy, and Eric Clapton. Forming the John Mayer Trio, he released a live album in 2005 called \"Try!\", and his third studio album \"Continuum\" in","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"5558942","text":"Clarity (John Mayer song) \"Clarity\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, lushly arranged with piano and drums provided, in part, by The Roots drummer, Questlove, and brass by two time Grammy winner, Roy Hargrove. It was the second single from Mayer's 2003 album \"Heavier Things\". The song's meaning is not immediately clear. Some interpretations have characterized the song as being about coming to terms with a relationship, while others have interpreted the song as being about a person's own self-perception. At his February 28, 2007, show at Madison Square Garden, John introduced \"Clarity\" as a","title":"Clarity (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"9934851","text":"in Europe, only reaching number 97 in the Netherlands and peaking outside the UK top 40 at number 42 in August 2003. All songs are by John Mayer unless otherwise noted. No Such Thing (John Mayer song) \"No Such Thing\" is the debut single of John Mayer. It was released in April 2002 as the lead single from his first album \"Room for Squares\". Like many of the songs from Mayer's early musical career, the song was co-written with Clay Cook. The song has been used in episode 15 of the first season of \"Alias\". It was Mayer's breakthrough hit,","title":"No Such Thing (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"8458686","text":"On several occasions, Mayer had pushed to release the songs \"Come Back to Bed\" and \"Something's Missing\" as singles, as they were more the kind of music he was leaning towards making. However, the label decided that \"Daughters\" would be more well received by radio. In 2005, Mayer converted the song into an all-out blues song with his group John Mayer Trio on the live album, \"Try!\", stripping away the acoustic elements the song had become known for, although not similar version to the \"Electric Guitar Mix\" of the song as included on the single's re-release. The music video is","title":"Daughters (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"7407192","text":"loveliness dissipates into a sleep-inducing soft-rock haze.\" \"Stylus Magazine\" stated that Mayer \"calmly circles the same career themes with the same warmed-over, palatable guitar weavings\". \"Q\" magazine called it \"dour stuff reminiscent of a yogic Sting.\" On December 7, 2006, \"Continuum\" was nominated for three Grammys. Including these, Mayer earned five nominations, in total – one nomination for Best Rock Album for \"Try!\" with the John Mayer Trio and another for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for \"Route 66\" from the \"Cars\" motion picture soundtrack. The album's lead single, \"Waiting on the World to Change\", was nominated and won in","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"7407174","text":"with time lately, constantly crunching the numbers to get some sense of where I stand in the continuum.\" In his column in the September 2005 issue of \"Esquire\" he confirmed the title, writing, \"I've never experienced anything like the recording process involved in making \"Continuum\", my third-album-to-be. The album features mainly new songs, though \"Gravity\" and \"Vultures\" are available in live versions from John Mayer Trio's \"Try!\", and \"\" is a Jimi Hendrix cover: the first Hendrix cover that Mayer has ever recorded as a studio release, although Mayer had played \"Bold as Love\" live many times prior to the","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"9250923","text":"is one of only two songs featured on the John Mayer Trio's debut album, \"Try!\", that carried over into the release of \"Continuum\". Alicia Keys provides background vocals at the end of the song. In a concert performed in December 2005, Mayer explained the significance and meaning of the song: \"Billboard\" called the single \"an easygoing, bluesy number, convincingly conjuring the spirit of his idol Buddy Guy.\" On February 22, 2007, \"Gravity\" entered Billboard's Hot 100 singles chart at #71;<ref name=\"Billboard_02/22\"></ref> at that time, Mayer had two singles charting on the Hot 100 (the other song was \"Waiting on the","title":"Gravity (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"8458688","text":"the song himself in the 2015 buddy comedy film Get Hard. In 2005, trumpeter Rick Braun covered an instrumental version from album \"Yours Truly.\" Daughters (John Mayer song) \"Daughters\" is the third single from \"Heavier Things\", the 2003 studio album from blues rock singer-songwriter, John Mayer. The critically acclaimed song won numerous awards, including the 2005 Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 47th Grammy Awards. It has sold 1,007,000 copies in the US as of May 2013. Lyrically, \"Daughters\" is an admonition to fathers (and to a lesser extent mothers) to nurture their daughters in their childhood,","title":"Daughters (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"7407193","text":"the category for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. \"Continuum\" won the Grammy for Best Pop Vocal Album. Continuum (John Mayer album) Continuum is the third studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on September 12, 2006 by Aware and Columbia Records. Recording sessions took place from November 2005 to September 2006 at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles, Avatar Studios and Right Track/Sound on Sound in New York City, and Royal Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Produced by the singer and Steve Jordan, it marked a change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of blues and soul more heavily","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"7407172","text":"Continuum (John Mayer album) Continuum is the third studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on September 12, 2006 by Aware and Columbia Records. Recording sessions took place from November 2005 to September 2006 at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles, Avatar Studios and Right Track/Sound on Sound in New York City, and Royal Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Produced by the singer and Steve Jordan, it marked a change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of blues and soul more heavily than in his previous work with pop rock. The album debuted at number 2 on the US","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"5558944","text":"This song was covered by saxophonist Najee in his album Rising Sun in 2007. Clarity (John Mayer song) \"Clarity\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, lushly arranged with piano and drums provided, in part, by The Roots drummer, Questlove, and brass by two time Grammy winner, Roy Hargrove. It was the second single from Mayer's 2003 album \"Heavier Things\". The song's meaning is not immediately clear. Some interpretations have characterized the song as being about coming to terms with a relationship, while others have interpreted the song as being about a person's own self-perception. At","title":"Clarity (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"9217422","text":"released in September 2003. It topped the \"Billboard\" 200 and attained a double platinum certification from the RIAA. \"Heavier Things\" produced three singles: \"Bigger Than My Body\", \"Clarity\" and \"Daughters\". \"Daughters\" later won the award for Song of the Year at the 47th Grammy Awards. After a brief recording hiatus, during which he ventured to form the blues group John Mayer Trio, Mayer resumed his solo career and released his third studio album \"Continuum\" in September 2006. \"Continuum\" reached a peak of number two on the \"Billboard\" 200. \"Waiting on the World to Change\", the album's first single, peaked at","title":"John Mayer discography"},{"psg_id":"6107159","text":"recording sessions, and in his role as a record producer. In an interview on January 23, 2014, Mayer announced that the trio is \"coming back.\" On February 27, 2014, the trio reunited in a Late Night with Seth Meyers episode to play JJ Cale's \"After Midnight\". On January 10, 2016, John Mayer posted a photo on his Instagram feed with a caption reading \"In the studio, day one.\" The photo features the three members of the Trio together, almost two years removed from their last public performance. The trio formed the core of the studio band that recorded \"The Search","title":"John Mayer Trio"},{"psg_id":"13817203","text":"this is a simplistic interpretation: \"When I sing it, I do not think about marijuana — I think about walking around your house naked with a guitar. It's about being in control of the pleasure in your life.\" Who Says (John Mayer song) \"Who Says\" is the thirteenth single released by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, and the first to be released from his fourth studio album, \"Battle Studies\". It is Mayer's first studio recorded single release since \"Say\" in 2007. On September 25, 2009, \"Who Says\" was released on John Mayer's official website. The song’s music video shows images of","title":"Who Says (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"20057373","text":"In the Blood (John Mayer song) \"In the Blood\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer. The song was released on May 1 as the third single from Mayer's seventh studio album \"The Search for Everything\", following \"Love on the Weekend\" and \"Still Feel Like Your Man\". It's Mayer's first song officially released to country radio. The song mentions Mayer's family influence. In his interview with NPR, Mayer said, \"It's turning around and pointing at yourself and going 'What's in there?' It's a certain time in your life where you just want to turn yourself upside","title":"In the Blood (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"11363949","text":"to the local non-profit organizations Toys for Tots and the Los Angeles Food Bank. Concert attendees were encouraged to bring an unwrapped toy with a value of $10 or more. British singer-songwriter Adele opened up for him that night. The concert was named \"On His Own\", because Mayer performed the whole concert alone with the assistance of a drum machine and a recorder to overdub his guitar. The following songs were performed at the 2nd Annual Holiday Charity Revue on December 6, 2008 Encore Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue The Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue began in December","title":"Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue"},{"psg_id":"7887986","text":"until his retirement. He also took sabbaticals to various institutes, including the Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques and MIT. He had a deep interest in music, and in Yiddish language and literature. He died in Newport Beach, California on December 11, 2011. He is survived by his wife Ruth, his children Elma Mayer and Niels Mayer, and his grandchildren Jonathan Mayer, Juniper Woodbury, and Moss Woodbury. His research interests range from geometric methods in gauge theory, to the application of wavelets in turbulence. He was an early contributor (1958) to the theory of vector-bosons (W and Z bosons) and electro-weak","title":"Meinhard E. Mayer"},{"psg_id":"8281591","text":"string when it comes to developing tennis elbow. Kevlar is often strung with another string, such as nylon), in order to combine both strings' qualities, as Kevlar by itself feels too stiff for many tennis players, especially when combined with a stiff racquet. Some advocate using a very thin gauge Kevlar for increasing comfort, but even in the thinnest gauge it is a stiff string. Another strategy to increase comfort and improve rebound efficiency is to string Kevlar at a low tension. Vectran is the penultimate string in terms of stiffness and durability. It is perhaps the least commonly used","title":"Strings (tennis)"},{"psg_id":"1684322","text":"of \"Rolling Stone\" (#1020) in February 2007, along with John Frusciante and Derek Trucks in an issue lauding the \"New Guitar Gods\", and the cover nicknamed him \"Slowhand, Jr.\", a reference to Eric Clapton. Critics, however, point to how safe his music is. Chris Richards, in review of a 2017 concert, declared \"John Mayer is an amazing guitar player,\" though he says he did so \"through clenched teeth,\" adding that the fact shouldn't absolve the guitarist of \"his pillow-soft songcraft, the dull sentimentality of his lyrics, or that cuckoo-racist interview he gave to Playboy back in 2010.\" Music writer Steve","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684314","text":"Christopher Guest) were selected to endorse the campaign and was featured playing the guitar in ads. Mayer used and endorsed the BlackBerry Curve. Mayer made many appearances on talk shows and other television programs, most notably, on a \"Chappelle's Show\" comedy skit, the \"Late Show with David Letterman\" and on the final episode of \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". Mayer appeared with Rob Dyrdek in the MTV show \"Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory\". Mayer wrote the theme song to the OWN network show \"Rollin' with Zach\", which features Zach Anner. CBS invited him to guest host \"The Late Late Show\" in","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684304","text":"performances, including at the 2010 CMT Music Awards. Mayer allows audio taping and non-commercial trading of those recordings at most of his live performances. Mayer often shows up at small venues unannounced (or with little advance notice) for surprise concerts—occasionally for free or without accepting the performance fee. He has made appearances throughout the Los Angeles, Atlanta and New York areas, including shows at the Laugh Factory, Eddie's Attic, and the Village Underground. After a public campaign by their senior class president, Mayer performed a surprise three-song set at the 2004 Pennsbury High School senior prom. In June 2015, Mayer","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684303","text":"December 12, 2018, he announced a world tour for 2019. Mayer began touring as a solo artist in 2001. While his early records were largely acoustic, early reviewers noted his unexpected electric \"guitar heroics\" during live performances. Mayer has toured North America, Europe and Australia with many musical groups, including Maroon 5,Counting Crows, Ben Folds, the Wallflowers, Sheryl Crow, Colbie Caillat and Train. In 2010, Mayer and Keith Urban performed at a CMT Crossroads concert a medley of their songs and a rendition of George Michael's single, \"Faith\". This performance led to Urban and Mayer teaming up again for future","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684299","text":"a \"deeply personal new album\". Mayer recounted that in 2011 he happened upon a song by the Grateful Dead while listening to Pandora, and that soon the band's music was all he would listen to. In February 2015, while guest hosting \"The Late Late Show\", Mayer invited Grateful Dead guitar player Bob Weir to join him in a studio performance. While Weir, Phil Lesh Mickey Hart, and Bill Kreutzmann (surviving members of the Grateful Dead) were preparing for their tour with Trey Anastasio, Mayer began practicing the band's catalog of songs. That August, Mayer, Weir, Kreutzmann, and Hart formed the","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684280","text":"Mayer began working with artists, including those from other genres of music. His voice was sampled on the song \"Go by rapper Common, and he appeared on Kanye West's a hidden track from the album \"Graduation\", \"Bittersweet Poetry\". The collaborations drew praise from rap heavyweights Jay-Z and Nelly. When asked about his presence in the hip hop community, Mayer said, \"It's not music out there right now. That's why, to me, hip-hop is where rock used to be.\" Around this time Mayer announced that he was \"closing up shop on acoustic sensitivity\". In the spring of 2005, Mayer formed the","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684268","text":"fascinated with the instrument. When he turned 13, his father rented one for him. A neighbor gave Mayer a Stevie Ray Vaughan cassette, which cultivated Mayer's love of blues music. According to Mayer, his fascination with Vaughan started a \"genealogical hunt\" that led him to other blues guitarists, including Buddy Guy, B.B. King, Freddie King, Albert King, Otis Rush and Lightnin' Hopkins. Mayer started taking lessons from a local guitar-shop owner, Al Ferrante, and soon became consumed. His singular focus concerned his parents, and they twice took him to see a psychiatrist, who determined him to be healthy. Mayer says","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"7407175","text":"release of \"Continuum\" such as on the televised \"Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope\" on January 15, 2005 and has since recorded other Hendrix songs such as \"The Wind Cries Mary\" and \"Wait Until Tomorrow\" in live settings. The album contains a collaboration between Mayer and 8-string guitarist Charlie Hunter on the tune \"In Repair\". The song \"Stop this Train\" was written during a time of, what Mayer calls, \"solitary refinement;\" He was in bed suffering from double kidney stones and living in a hotel while finding a new residence. The word \"Continuum\" is showcased across the center. The typography","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"11906698","text":"Standard wire gauge British Standard Wire Gauge is a set of wire sizes given by BS 3737:1964 (now withdrawn), and is generally abbreviated to SWG. It is also known as: Imperial Wire Gauge or British Standard Gauge. Use of SWG sizes has fallen greatly in popularity, but is still used as a measure of thickness in guitar strings and some electrical wire. Cross sectional area in square millimetres is now the more usual size measurement for wires used in electrical installation cables. The current British Standard for metallic materials such as wire and sheet is BS 6722:1986, which is a","title":"Standard wire gauge"},{"psg_id":"11874570","text":"of \"Free Fallin',\" originally by Tom Petty, was released as a single and met with wide critical acclaim. The songs \"No Such Thing\" and \"Bigger Than My Body\" were played on the evening but did not make it to the DVD release for unknown reasons. All sets: John Mayer Trio set: John Mayer band set: \"Guitarist\" magazine gave the album five stars, saying the disc proves that \"Mayer, 30, is the complete package as a singer, songwriter and guitarist.\" In the United States, the album debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart at number five. and has sold 258,359 copies.","title":"Where the Light Is (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"9476512","text":"of Li Xiangting. In 2016, the Japanese string maker, Marusan Hashimoto, produced what they call hybrid strings for qin. They are made like traditional silk strings but with a Tetron twisted core and for the four thicker strings having a nylon wrapping. Their main selling point is that they can be tuned to standard pitch without breaking and are more stable. Other than that, they are very similar to silk strings, especially in the sound being the closest compared to the other synthetic strings. Although most contemporary players use nylon-wrapped metal strings, some argue that nylon-wrapped metal strings cannot replace","title":"Guqin strings"},{"psg_id":"9250924","text":"World to Change\"). It also entered Billboard's Hot 100 Digital Songs Chart at #63 At the 49th Annual Grammy Awards on February 11, 2007, Mayer performed \"Gravity\" with Corinne Bailey Rae and John Legend as the end of a medley. The set began with Rae's \"Like a Star\", and continued with Legend's \"Coming Home\", before concluding with \"Gravity\". Stevie Wonder introduced the trio's performance, and each artist performed some aspect of every song through the entire medley. For Rae's \"Like a Star\", Mayer performed various backing guitar licks, while during Legend's \"Coming Home\" he performed little. For \"Gravity\", both Rae","title":"Gravity (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"7407185","text":"No Doctor\", was originally performed by Ray Charles; Mayer previously performed the song as part of his set with the John Mayer Trio. The single \"Say\" (from \"The Bucket List\" soundtrack) was also made available on the CD through an online download unlock function. The tracks were produced by Mayer's engineer Chad Franscoviak. The album was reissued on Columbia Records on April 8, 2008, with the single \"Say\" being added directly on the disc. A vinyl lp version of this reissue was also released, on two 180-gram discs. \"Continuum\" debuted on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart at #2 with 300,186","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"7407180","text":"released. The cover for the special edition features a grey background and silver text for the title, with the Columbia Records logo in black instead of white. However, the line \"Music by John Mayer\" remains the same teal color as on the regular release. The cover layout is the same. By the time of release, Mayer had performed almost all of the songs live at least once, either with a full band or alone in an acoustic set during the Hotel Cafe shows from the previous winter. On August 23, 2006, the entire \"Continuum\" album was played on Los Angeles","title":"Continuum (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"18994602","text":"Harris Mayer Harris L. Mayer (born 1921) is an American physicist known for his collaboration with Edward Teller and John von Neumann. He worked on the Manhattan Project. Mayer also worked on Project Orion. His work had to do with opacity, mostly in the context of atmospheric opacity to nuclear radiation. In late 1945, Harris Mayer was a student of Maria Goeppert-Mayer (wife of chemist Joseph Edward Mayer and neither of whom had any relation to Harris). Edward Teller invited Maria Goeppert-Mayer and two of her students (Boris Jacobsohn and Harris Mayer) to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Mayer's early","title":"Harris Mayer"},{"psg_id":"20694182","text":"application strings manager can be thought of as being to strings what revision control is to source files. Main factors and features of a strings manager include: Application strings manager An application strings manager is a software tool primarily designed to optimize the download and storage of strings files used and produced in software development. It centralizes the management of all the product strings generated and used by an organization to overcome the complexity arising from the diversity of strings types, and their position in the overall content workflow. Application strings manager is a software repository for text files, strings,","title":"Application strings manager"},{"psg_id":"1684288","text":"televised memorial service. He co-wrote \"World of Chances\" with Demi Lovato for her second album \"Here We Go Again\", released later that month. After the overwhelming success of \"Continuum\", Mayer confessed to be intimidated with beginning on a follow-up. However, he stated, \"I think it got a lot easier when I realized that no matter what I do, it's not going to be \"Continuum\", good or bad.\" On November 17, 2009, Mayer's fourth studio album, \"Battle Studies\", debuted at number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. The first single, \"Who Says\", was released on September 24, 2009 in","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"15631683","text":"musical guest on the \"Late Show with David Letterman\", playing guitar with the house band. On May 10, 2012, the Clive Davis Theater hosted \"An Evening with John Mayer\" in which Mayer discussed \"Born and Raised\" and his career. In September 2011, Mayer was forced to cancel a small run of live dates upon the discovery of a throat granuloma. In spring 2012, he was scheduled to tour North America, but was forced to cancel the tour after being informed by doctors that his throat granuloma had returned. He has said that he is to undergo surgery again, but that","title":"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"1684327","text":"Arts and the Los Angeles Mission. CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title \"Where the Light Is\" in July 2008. Mayer appeared on \"\", a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Mayer (along with Keith Urban) headline Tiger Jam 2011 in Las Vegas to help raise around $750,000 for the Tiger Woods Foundation. In January 2013, Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters who battled a wildfire in the summer of 2012 in Paradise Valley that","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684300","text":"group Dead & Company, along with Jeff Chimenti and Oteil Burbridge, and began a fall tour in the United States. The tour was well received (\"Billboard\" called it \"magical\"), and they continued to tour the US into 2016. Although Lesh has declined to join Dead & Company, Mayer also performed with Phil Lesh and Friends at Terrapin Crossroads in 2015. As a result of his touring with Dead & Company, Mayer postponed working on his next studio album until January 2016, with plans to finish it by the end of the year. On November 17, 2016, Mayer released \"Love on","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684289","text":"advance of the album, followed on October 19 by \"Heartbreak Warfare\" and \"Half of My Heart\" on June 21, 2010. The accompanying arena tour grossed 45 million. Despite the album's commercial success, critics reactions were mixed. Some reviews glowed, calling it his \"most adventurous\", others called the album \"safe\" and noted that \"Mayer the singer-songwriter and Mayer the man about town sometimes seem disconnected, like they don't even belong in the same body\". Mayer admitted to \"Rolling Stone\" that he thought \"Battle Studies\" was not his best album. Following two revealing and highly controversial magazine interviews in February 2010 with","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684287","text":"released \"\", a live concert film of Mayer's performance at the Nokia Theatre L.A. Live on December 8, 2007. The film was directed by Danny Clinch. It features an acoustic set and a set with the Trio, followed by a set with the band from the \"Continuum\" album. Australian artist Guy Sebastian invited Mayer to collaborate on three songs from his 2009 album \"Like It Like That\". Mayer also played guitar on the title track of Crosby Loggins' debut LP, \"Time to Move\". On July 7, 2009, Mayer performed an instrumental guitar version of Michael Jackson's \"Human Nature\" at Jackson's","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684284","text":"Trio received a nomination for \"Try!\". He won two: Best Pop Song with Vocal for \"Waiting on the World to Change\" and Best Pop Album for \"Continuum\". Mayer remixed an acoustic version of his single \"Waiting on the World to Change\" with vocal additions from fellow musician Ben Harper. In preparation for \"Continuum\", Mayer had booked the Village Recorder in Los Angeles to record five acoustic versions of his songs with veteran musician Robbie McIntosh. These recordings became \"The Village Sessions\", an EP released on December 12, 2006. As usual, Mayer oversaw the artwork. The initial North American \"Continuum\" tour","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684282","text":"excitement, in a \"Rolling Stone\" interview, Mayer recalled that after former Columbia Records head, Don Ienner, panned \"Continuum\"; as result, Mayer briefly considered quitting music and studying design full-time. The first single from \"Continuum\" was \"Waiting on the World to Change\", which debuted on \"The Ron and Fez Show\". The song was the third most downloaded song of the week on the iTunes Store following its release on July 11, 2006, and debuted at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Chart. On August 23, 2006, Mayer debuted the entire album on the Los Angeles radio station Star 98.7, offering","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684272","text":"Thing\", However, his only performance contribution was backing vocals on the song \"Comfortable\". Mayer and LaBruyere performed throughout Georgia and nearby states. Also, as his career coincided with the then-nascent internet music market, Mayer benefited from an online following. Mayer came to the attention of Gregg Latterman at Aware Records through an acquaintance of Mayer's, a lawyer, who sent Aware his EP. After including him in Aware Festival concerts and his songs on Aware compilations, in early 2001, Aware released Mayer's internet-only album titled, \"Room for Squares\". During this time, Aware concluded a deal with Columbia Records that gave Columbia","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684271","text":"such as Eddie's Attic. According to Cook, they experienced musical differences due to Mayer's desire to move more towards pop music. The two parted ways and Mayer embarked on a solo career. With the help of local producer and engineer Glenn Matullo, Mayer recorded the independent EP \"Inside Wants Out\". The EP includes eight songs with Mayer on lead vocals and guitars. For the opening track, \"Back To You\", a full band was enlisted, including the EP's co-producer David \"DeLa\" LaBruyere on bass guitars. Cook had co-written many of the album's songs, including its first commercial single release, \"No Such","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684267","text":"in nearby Fairfield, the middle child between older brother Carl and younger brother Ben. His father is Jewish, and Mayer has said that he relates to Judaism. As a middle school student, Mayer became close friends with future tennis star James Blake, and they often played Nintendo together after school. He attended the Center for Global Studies at Brien McMahon High School in Norwalk for his junior year (then known as the Center for Japanese Studies Abroad, a magnet program for learning Japanese). After watching Michael J. Fox's guitar performance as Marty McFly in \"Back to the Future\", Mayer became","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"9934845","text":"No Such Thing (John Mayer song) \"No Such Thing\" is the debut single of John Mayer. It was released in April 2002 as the lead single from his first album \"Room for Squares\". Like many of the songs from Mayer's early musical career, the song was co-written with Clay Cook. The song has been used in episode 15 of the first season of \"Alias\". It was Mayer's breakthrough hit, peaking at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and becoming his highest-charting song until \"Say\" hit number 12 in 2007. This song was written in about a week's time in","title":"No Such Thing (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"20057376","text":"on the Billboard country chart. It debuted at number 59 on Country Airplay and reached its peak number 57 the following week. It peaked at number 39 on Hot Country Songs. The song was covered by American a cappella group Home Free. The music video of the cover version was released on August 30, 2017. In the Blood (John Mayer song) \"In the Blood\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer. The song was released on May 1 as the third single from Mayer's seventh studio album \"The Search for Everything\", following \"Love on the Weekend\"","title":"In the Blood (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"15631687","text":"\"Billboard\" called the album \"his most consistently satisfying release yet.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the album a \"B,\" saying that the Laurel Canyon-inspired, \"ramble-tamble style suits him.\" Musical personnel Primary production personnel Featured artists Additional production personnel Additional personnel \"Born and Raised\" at Metacritic Born and Raised (John Mayer album) Born and Raised is the fifth studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on May 22, 2012 by Columbia Records. It marked yet another change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of folk and Americana, as well as influences from Bob Dylan, Neil Young, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, and","title":"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"15631677","text":"Born and Raised (John Mayer album) Born and Raised is the fifth studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on May 22, 2012 by Columbia Records. It marked yet another change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of folk and Americana, as well as influences from Bob Dylan, Neil Young, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, and Graham Nash. Its cover, as well as that of the single \"Queen of California\", was designed by David Adrian Smith. \"Born and Raised\" received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Mayer's technical skills as well as Don Was' production work. The first","title":"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"7007074","text":"Strings (Unix) In computer software, strings is a program in Unix-like operating systems that finds and prints text strings embedded in binary files such as executables. It can be used on object files and core dumps. Strings are recognized by looking for sequences of at least 4 (by default) printable characters terminating in a NUL character (that is, null-terminated strings). Some implementations provide options for determining what is recognized as a printable character, which is useful for finding non-ASCII and wide character text. Common usage includes piping its output to grep and fold or redirecting the output to a file.","title":"Strings (Unix)"},{"psg_id":"7887987","text":"unification, which later became the Standard model, and an early advocate of the use of fiber bundles in gauge theory. He was a co-author (with Gerald Jay Sussman and Jack Wisdom) of \"Structure and Interpretation of Classical Mechanics\", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001 Meinhard E. Mayer Meinhard Edwin Mayer (March 18, 1929 – December 11, 2011) was a Romanian–born American Professor Emeritus of Physics and Mathematics at the University of California, Irvine, which he joined in 1966. He was born on March 18, 1929 in Cernăuți. He experienced both the Soviet occupation of Northern Bukovina and, as a Jew, deportation","title":"Meinhard E. Mayer"},{"psg_id":"1684318","text":"Vaughan. He sought out masterbuilder, John Cruz, to help devise the design. In essence, Mayer wanted an all-black version of Stevie Ray Vaughan's \"First Wife\" Stratocaster. The guitar is heavily relic'd to specs very similar to the guitar used by Stevie Ray Vaughan. The Black1 includes a mint pickguard, custom wound pickups, gold hardware, and gold tuners from the SRV Tribute Stratocaster. It was the principal guitar on the \"Continuum\" album. It was notably used on tracks such as \"I Don't Trust Myself With Loving You\", and \"Bold as Love\". The Black1 has become a trademark to Mayer's music. While","title":"John Mayer"},{"psg_id":"13557848","text":"After being approached to contribute towards a renovation project at Madison's Capitol Theatre, Mayer offered to make a matching grant, coming through with a surprise contribution of $250,000. The main theater at what became the Madison Civic Center was named the \"Oscar Mayer Theatre\" in his honor. A later project folded the Civic Center into what became the Overture Center. Mayer attended ceremonies that renamed the theater, home of the Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra, as the \"Capitol Theater\". This project was just one of the many community and charitable organizations with which Mayer was involved. Mayer had three sons with his","title":"Oscar G. Mayer Jr."},{"psg_id":"20250687","text":"by John Hicks, except where noted. Trio + Strings Trio + Strings is an album by pianist John Hicks, recorded in 1997. The album was recorded at Mapleshade Studio, Upper Marlboro, Maryland, on September 23, 24, and 27, 1997. The compositions were by Hicks, with the exception of \"Passion Flower\". The string arrangements were by Larry Willis. \"Trio + Strings\" was released by Mapleshade Records. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" commented that it was \"Not our favourite Hicks record by any means but an accomplished and pleasing record.\" \"JazzTimes\" stated that Hicks' writing \"evokes Strayhorn [...] Evans, Ibrahim, and perhaps","title":"Trio + Strings"},{"psg_id":"9476508","text":"for all). Recently in China, production of very good quality silk strings has resumed and more players are beginning to use them. The American qin player and scholar John Thompson advocates for the use of both silk and nylon-wrapped metal strings for different styles of qin music, much like the guitar exists in both classical (nylon-string) and steel-string forms. Playing silk strings is different from playing metal-nylon one, as you need to pluck much more gently in order to avoid buzzing and the string slapping on the surface. Thus, silk strings are slightly more difficult to play. Metal-nylon strings (that","title":"Guqin strings"},{"psg_id":"13817200","text":"rock star--sexy entourage, late-night pool parties, nubile young things dancing on banquettes--is just a mask for acoustic ennui? John Mayer, that's who,\" and gave the video a \"B\". Critical reception of \"Who Says\" was mixed; though most praised the song musically, some were skeptical of Mayer's explicit reference to drug use. Crystal Bell of \"Billboard\" magazine gave a favorable review from the song, saying, \"'Who Says' balances Mayer's signature velvety tone with a more stripped-down, folk-inspired arrangement.\" She added, \"Mayer may not be speaking in grandiose terms about changing the world or marveling over a woman's beauty, but maybe that's","title":"Who Says (John Mayer song)"},{"psg_id":"20888610","text":"works on John Chrysostom. In 1979, Mayer graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Adelaide, in Adelaide, Australia. In 1991, Mayer then earned an Honours Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia where she also received a University Medal for excellence. In 1996, Mayer obtained her PhD. in Studies in Religion at the University of Queensland. Mayer began her research as a fellow for Early Christian Studies at Australian Catholic University. Since then, Mayer has spent a majority of her career aiming to create a research culture that encourages relevance to","title":"Wendy Mayer"},{"psg_id":"3548233","text":"John Medeski: With Screaming Headless Torsos: With Harry Sokal: Sulfur: With Janek Gwizdala: With Depart With Rebekka Bakken Nerve (Jojo Mayer, John Davis, Jacob Bergson): DVDs: He was featured as the cover story of the January 2008 issue of Modern Drummer magazine. Jojo Mayer was interviewed by DrummerConnection.com in May 2010, and by Linus Wyrsch on \"The Jazz Hole\" for breakthruradio.com in July 2010. Mayer is a long-time Sonor endorser who also uses Sabian cymbals, Vic Firth sticks and Evans Drumheads. He helped Sonor design the Jungle kit and snare. He has also collaborated with Sabian to create two lines","title":"Jojo Mayer"},{"psg_id":"15631681","text":"September I wasn’t talking at all. I’d have a Bluetooth keyboard, and someone would have an iPad to read what I type. I had to point to menus at restaurants. People look at me like I’m crazy.\" On October 20, 2011, Mayer updated his fans about the treatment of his throat granuloma, announcing that he \"had surgery this afternoon to remove it and am now on complete vocal rest for a month or more\", during which he plans to \"travel the country, look, and listen.\" Recovering from surgery, and after taking a road trip with friends through Middle America, Mayer","title":"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)"},{"psg_id":"20515978","text":"Billy Strings Billy Strings (born William Apostol, October 3, 1992) is an American guitarist and bluegrass musician. Billy Strings was born William Apostol on October 3, 1992 in Lansing, Michigan. His stepfather, Terry Barber, was a picker in the Michigan bluegrass scene, although he never played professionally. Barber was a heavy influence on his son, introducing him to traditional bluegrass at a young age. He got his nickname, Billy Strings, from his aunt, who saw his ability on multiple traditional bluegrass instruments. His dad introduced him to classic bluegrass like Doc Watson, Del McCoury, David Grisman, Bill Monroe, John Hartford,","title":"Billy Strings"},{"psg_id":"9926755","text":"Mercer Mayer bibliography This is a list of the works of Mercer Mayer. The following is a partial list of books that Mercer Mayer has written and/or illustrated. It also includes books and items that are related to Mercer Mayer and his creations (like coloring books, sticker books, lacing cards, toys, etc.). \"Little Critter\" is an anthropomorphic character created by Mercer Mayer. Although it's not specified what species the Little Critter is, he resembles a small and furry rodent-like creature such as a porcupine, hamster, hedgehog, capybara or guinea pig. Little Critter first appeared in the 1975 book \"Just for","title":"Mercer Mayer bibliography"},{"psg_id":"2352834","text":"desire for taste and quality.\" Mayer was also thanked for founding and developing new personalities and for bringing the Hollywood \"star system into full flower.\" Although Mayer was often not liked and even feared by many in the studio, editor Sam Marx explains that \"his reputation is far worse than it should be. He had to be strong to do his job, and he couldn't do that without making enemies.\" Director Clarence Brown compared him to newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst: Mayer never wrote or directed movies, and never pretended to tell writers what to write or art directors what","title":"Louis B. Mayer"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684324\",\n \"text\": \"of the most unique musicians in the world [...] here's John Mayer playing everyone else's licks.\\\" The comment itself drew controversy, and Mayer, for his part, said, \\\"I care about this band too much to give that life,\\\" and that \\\"I realized not long ago that I'm done debating my own merits.\\\" On his third episode of \\\"Current Mood,\\\" he revealed he had been sober for two years. He stopped drinking after having, what he says, was a six-day hangover after Drake's 30th birthday party. Mayer has never married, but has been romantically involved with Jennifer Love Hewitt, Jessica Simpson,\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407178\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"special packaging\\\" was a shiny silver bag which held the CD and the pre-order bonuses. All artwork was designed by Mayer along with Smog Design, Inc. The inside of the CD sleeve includes photographs, some taken by Mayer, such as of the studio (where Mayer's handwriting describes, \\\"*this is what my heart looks like*\\\") and a Ferris wheel where Mayer's handwriting is imposed over the top of the photograph, featuring the lyrics to his songs. There is also a photograph of Mayer with Pino Palladino and Steve Jordan (the three who comprise the John Mayer Trio) on a beach. The\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14276344\",\n \"text\": \"live gigs—featuring his son Jonathan Mayer on sitar—until John's death. The Joe Harriott-John Mayer Double Quintet composed the distinctive theme tune, \\\"Acka Raga\\\", for the early episodes of the BBC quiz show \\\"Ask the Family\\\", which was broadcast between 1967 and 1984. The theme featured Mayer on sitar. From 1989 onwards, Mayer, who lived in north London, taught composition at Birmingham Conservatoire where he introduced the BMus Indian music course in 1997. In March 2004, Mayer was hit by a car in North London and fatally injured. He was 74. John Mayer (composer) John Mayer (28 October 1929 – 9\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer (composer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684316\",\n \"text\": \"an Atlanta area code. This model was followed by the release of two Fender signature Stratocaster electric guitars, beginning in 2005. A third Stratocaster, finished in charcoal frost metallic paint with a racing stripe, was also a limited-release, with only 100 guitars made. In January 2006, Martin Guitars released the Martin OMJM John Mayer acoustic guitar. The guitar was intended to have many of the attributes of the Martin OM-28 John Mayer but with a more affordable price tag. In August 2006, Fender started manufacturing SERIES II John Mayer Stratocasters. In January 2007, Two Rock collaborated with Mayer on custom-designed\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684317\",\n \"text\": \"amps. Only 25 (all signed by Mayer himself) were made available to the public along with a 500-run John Mayer signature Fender Stratocaster in Cypress-Mica, including the limited Cypress-Mica model was the INCSvsJM gig bag on which Mayer collaborated with Incase designs. In 2006, Mayer was estimated to have more than 200 guitars in his personal collection. John Mayer's most iconic guitar is the \\\"Black1\\\". Conceived after the Heavier Things tour, Mayer went to Fender Custom Shop with the desire to build a guitar. He was inspired by guitars of famous players the likes of Rory Gallagher and Stevie Ray\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6107160\",\n \"text\": \"for Everything\\\", though it was released solely under his name as his seventh album. Prior to being released as an album, eight of the tracks were released on two EPs: \\\"\\\" and \\\"\\\". John Mayer Trio The John Mayer Trio is an American blues rock band that formed in 2005. Comprising singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer, bassist Pino Palladino and drummer Steve Jordan, the band has released one live album, \\\"Try!\\\" in 2005. Three of the songs on the album were co-written by Jordan, Mayer, and Palladino, and the album was co-produced by Mayer and Jordan. In 2005, Mayer and\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer Trio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6107152\",\n \"text\": \"John Mayer Trio The John Mayer Trio is an American blues rock band that formed in 2005. Comprising singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer, bassist Pino Palladino and drummer Steve Jordan, the band has released one live album, \\\"Try!\\\" in 2005. Three of the songs on the album were co-written by Jordan, Mayer, and Palladino, and the album was co-produced by Mayer and Jordan. In 2005, Mayer and Jordan had committed to a telethon on NBC, with bassist Willie Weeks entitled Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope to raise funds and public awareness benefiting victims in the aftermath of the tsunami\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer Trio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684333\",\n \"text\": \"discovered that seven of the $5 million in watches he purchased from the dealer contained counterfeit parts. He dropped the charges in May 2015, releasing a statement that asserted that research restored his \\\"belief that Bob Maron is an expert on Rolex watches, and confirmed that Bob Maron never sold him a counterfeit watch\\\". Mayer has won seven awards from nineteen nominations. </div> John Mayer John Clayton Mayer (; born October 16, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684315\",\n \"text\": \"early 2015 on three dates, February 4–6, after the retirement of Craig Ferguson. Mayer makes a cameo as a truck driver in the 2014 comedy horror film \\\"Zombeavers\\\". In the 2015 film \\\"Get Hard\\\", he played a version of himself who is disgusted with the \\\"monetization of the creative process.\\\" John Mayer is a guitar collector and has collaborated with elite guitar companies to design his own instruments. He owns over 200 guitars. In 2003, Martin Guitars gave Mayer his own signature model acoustic guitar called the OM-28 John Mayer. The guitar was limited to a run of only 404,\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684262\",\n \"text\": \"John Mayer John Clayton Mayer (; born October 16, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in 1997 with Clay Cook. Together, they formed a short-lived two-man band called Lo-Fi Masters. After their split, Mayer continued to play local clubs, refining his skills and gaining a following. After his appearance at the 2001 South by Southwest Festival, he was signed to Aware Records, and then Columbia Records, which released his first EP, \\\"Inside Wants Out\\\". His following two full-length albums—\\\"Room\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9217420\",\n \"text\": \"John Mayer discography The discography of American singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer consists of seven studio albums, seven live albums, three compilation albums, two video albums, four extended plays, twenty-four singles and seventeen music videos. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer moved to Atlanta, Georgia and began playing in local clubs in 1998. He released the extended play \\\"Inside Wants Out\\\" in September of the following year. \\\"Inside Wants Out\\\", as well as continued performances, brought Mayer to the attention of independent record label Aware Records. Aware later signed Mayer and released his full-length debut studio album, \\\"Room for Squares\\\", in\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9217424\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Wildfire\\\" and \\\"Who You Love\\\" ft. Katy Perry. Mayer's seventh studio album, \\\"The Search for Everything\\\", was released in April 2017. Mayer has sold 16 million albums in the United States as of January 2015. John Mayer discography The discography of American singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer consists of seven studio albums, seven live albums, three compilation albums, two video albums, four extended plays, twenty-four singles and seventeen music videos. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer moved to Atlanta, Georgia and began playing in local clubs in 1998. He released the extended play \\\"Inside Wants Out\\\" in September of the following\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8281594\",\n \"text\": \"stringing may be a good alternative to natural gut and multi-filament strings. This is especially true for those who have had tennis elbow and find natural gut string to be too costly. Metal wire, usually piano wire, was used in some historical racquets. The \\\"gauge\\\" number determines the thickness of the string. A string rated with a high gauge number is a thinner string, and vice versa. Thinner strings typically offer higher performance but break more frequently than thicker strings. Virtually all modern raquets are strung in a criss-cross horizontal-vertical pattern. Various other patterns have been used in history with\",\n \"title\": \"Strings (tennis)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684325\",\n \"text\": \"Minka Kelly, Jennifer Aniston, and Katy Perry. In 2002, Mayer created the \\\"Back to You\\\" Fund, a nonprofit organization that focuses on fundraising in the areas of health care, education, the arts and talent development. The foundation auctions exclusive John Mayer items, such as guitar picks, T-shirts and signed CDs. The auctions have been successful, with some tickets selling for more than seventeen times their face value. Mayer participated at the East Rutherford, New Jersey location of the Live Earth project, a musical rally to support awareness for climate change held July 7, 2007. Mayer performed at a number of\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684313\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"John Mayer Has a TV Show\\\", with antics including wearing a bear suit while anonymously teasing concertgoers in the parking lot outside one of his concerts. Steve Jobs invited Mayer to perform during Apple's annual keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2004 as Jobs introduced the music production software GarageBand. Mayer became a fixture of the event, including at the 2007 iPhone announcement. Volkswagen concluded a deal with instrument manufacturer First Act to include a GarageMaster electric guitar that was playable through the stereo system of six of their 2007 models; Mayer (along with Slash and\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9476507\",\n \"text\": \"thinner, whilst the \\\"jiazhong\\\" 〖加重〗 [Added Thickness] is thicker. According to the \\\"Yugu Zhai Qinpu\\\", \\\"zhongqing\\\" is the best. However, these three gauges have practical relevance as thinner strings sound better on thicker instruments and vice versa, compensating for the thickness of the instrument and thus the potential tone and volume. The Taigu brand of silk strings indicate that the \\\"zhongqing\\\" gauge is suitable for longer qins, made of Chinese fir and/or have a thicker top board whilst the \\\"jiazhong\\\" gauge is suitable for shorter qins, made of paulownia and/or have a thinner top board (the \\\"taigu\\\" gauge being suitable\",\n \"title\": \"Guqin strings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926760\",\n \"text\": \"Kellogg: Wordless flip-books featuring two stories Books written by George Mendoza that Mercer Mayer illustrated: Book by Jan Wahl that Mercer Mayer illustrated: Book by Jay Williams that Mercer Mayer illustrated: Books from John D. Fitzgerald's \\\"The Great Brain\\\" series that were originally illustrated by Mercer Mayer. Some later releases had new front covers by a different illustrator, but were still illustrated by Mercer Mayer on the inside. \\\"The Great Brain\\\" series by John D. Fitzgerald Books by Barbara Wersba that Mercer Mayer illustrated: \\\"What do You do with a Kangaroo\\\" (released on cassette, CD, and download) - read by\",\n \"title\": \"Mercer Mayer bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9250926\",\n \"text\": \"11, 2007. (The wake-up call is a tradition for NASA spaceflights since the days of Project Gemini.) The song was featured in the \\\"House\\\" episode, Cane and Able, that aired on September 12, 2006, the day \\\"Continuum\\\" was released in the United States. Gravity (John Mayer song) \\\"Gravity\\\" is a song by American singer-songwriter guitarist John Mayer and is featured on three of his releases: the 2005 live album \\\"Try!\\\" by the John Mayer Trio, his 2006 studio album \\\"Continuum\\\", and his 2008 live album \\\"\\\". In 2007, the song was released as the third single from \\\"Continuum\\\". Mayer suggested\",\n \"title\": \"Gravity (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9250922\",\n \"text\": \"Gravity (John Mayer song) \\\"Gravity\\\" is a song by American singer-songwriter guitarist John Mayer and is featured on three of his releases: the 2005 live album \\\"Try!\\\" by the John Mayer Trio, his 2006 studio album \\\"Continuum\\\", and his 2008 live album \\\"\\\". In 2007, the song was released as the third single from \\\"Continuum\\\". Mayer suggested in an interview with the magazine \\\"Performing Songwriter\\\" that \\\"Gravity\\\" was the song he was always trying to write, using the example of \\\"Come Back to Bed\\\" (from \\\"Heavier Things\\\") as being an early attempt at \\\"writing \\\"Gravity\\\"\\\". Along with \\\"Vultures\\\", the song\",\n \"title\": \"Gravity (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684312\",\n \"text\": \"a wonderful past, it is true—but in admiring what we achieved thus far, we hope you will feel encouraged to look forward to what we achieve in the future\\\". During an appearance on the Jimmy Kimmel Live show in September 2018, Mayer showed a trailer for his new Instagram Live show. The show \\\"Current Mood\\\" debuted on his IGTV account on Sunday evening on September 30. Episodes have continued to air on that schedule on a weekly basis. Guests have included Charlie Puth, Cazzie David, and musician Thundercat. In 2004, Mayer hosted a one-shot, half-hour comedy special on VH1 titled\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684279\",\n \"text\": \"singer-songwriter genres. Fame allowed him access to his early influences, and he began collaborating with blues and jazz artists. He accompanied Buddy Guy in a concert at the Irving Plaza in December 2003. He toured with jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, including a show at the Bonnaroo Music Festival. He also performed on commercial releases, namely, with Eric Clapton (\\\"Back Home\\\", Crossroads Guitar Festival), Buddy Guy (\\\"Bring 'Em In)\\\", John Scofield (\\\"That's What I Say\\\"), and B.B. King (\\\"\\\"). Although Mayer maintained his reputation as a singer-songwriter, he gained distinction as a guitarist, Following the conclusion of his \\\"Heavier Things\\\" tour,\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684332\",\n \"text\": \"the two were a couple, an assertion that neither addressed. However, Swift released a song called \\\"Dear John\\\" in 2010, which was widely believed to be about her relationship with him. In June 2012, Mayer criticized the song, saying she never contacted him and that \\\"it's abusing your talent to rub your hands together and go, 'Wait till he gets a load of this!'\\\" The song \\\"Paper Doll\\\"—the first single from Mayer's album \\\"Paradise Valley\\\"—was reportedly a response, an assertion which Mayer has neither confirmed nor denied. In March 2014, Mayer sued watch dealer Robert Maron for $656,000 when he\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684321\",\n \"text\": \"2017 at NAMM, PRS and Mayer announced J-MOD 100 signature amp. In June 2017, the Super Eagle II was revealed, limited to 120 instruments. In January 2018, Martin Guitar announced limited (45 instruments) John Mayer Signature D-45, with list price $14,999. In March 2018, Mayer's signature Silver Sky model was released by PRS, available in four colors. While \\\"Music Trade\\\" called the Silver Sky \\\"derivative,\\\" it said that all the elements were \\\"designed from the ground up\\\" and built with \\\"attention to detail.\\\" Mayer has stood out as among his peers as a guitarist. He was featured on the cover\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684308\",\n \"text\": \"and explained his decision not to take part: With the June 2004 issue of \\\"Esquire\\\", Mayer began a column called \\\"Music Lessons with John Mayer\\\". Each article featured a lesson and his views on various topics, both of personal and popular interest. In the August 2005 issue, he invited readers to create music for orphaned lyrics he had written. The winner was Tim Fagan of L.A., as announced in the following January's issue. As social media gained momentum in the 2000s, Mayer became increasingly active online, and maintained four blogs: a Myspace page, a blog at his official site, another\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684281\",\n \"text\": \"John Mayer Trio with bassist Pino Palladino and drummer Steve Jordan, both of whom he had met through studio sessions. The trio combined blues and rock music. In October 2005 they opened for the Rolling Stones and that November released a live album called \\\"Try!\\\" The band took a break in mid-2006. Mayer's third studio album, titled \\\"Continuum\\\", was released on September 12, 2006, produced by Mayer and Steve Jordan. Mayer suggested the album was intended to combine blues and pop. In that vein, two of the tracks from his Trio release \\\"Try!\\\"—\\\"Vultures\\\" and \\\"Gravity\\\"—were included on \\\"Continuum\\\". Despite his\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14276342\",\n \"text\": \"John Mayer (composer) John Mayer (28 October 1929 – 9 March 2004) was an Indian composer known primarily for his fusions of jazz with Indian music in the British-based group Indo-Jazz Fusions with the Jamaican-born saxophonist Joe Harriott.. Mayer was born in Calcutta, Bengal, British India, to an Anglo-Indian father and Tamil mother, after studying with Phillipe Sandre in Calcutta and Melhi Mehta in Bombay, he won a scholarship to London's Royal Academy of Music in 1952, where he studied comparative music and religion in eastern and western cultures. He worked as a violinist with the London Philharmonic Orchestra (1953–58)\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer (composer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684320\",\n \"text\": \"signature Stratocasters were produced in three-tone sunburst and Olympic White finishes. In 2014, John Mayer announced that he was no longer a Fender Artist. As a result, his signature line of guitars was pulled from production. In 2015, Mayer announced that he was collaborating with PRS Guitars. In March 2016, Mayer and PRS revealed their collaborative project, the Super Eagle. This was limited release from PRS's Private Stock line of instruments. Each guitar features ultra-grade woods, abalone inlay, JCF Audio preamps, and a hand-signed sticker by glass-artist David Smith. Only 100 were produced, each retailing for over $10,000. In January\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11363947\",\n \"text\": \"Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue The Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue began in December 2007. The first event was a charity concert performance held by American musician John Mayer on December 8, 2007. The performance consisted of three sets, beginning with Mayer performing solo on an acoustic guitar, followed by a performance with the John Mayer Trio, with the trio's members Steve Jordan and Pino Palladino. The third and final set of the concert featured Mayer's full touring band. The performance is set to become an annual event with a similar structure occurring every year. The concert was\",\n \"title\": \"Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8281582\",\n \"text\": \"Strings (tennis) In tennis, the strings are the part of a tennis racquet which make contact with the ball. The strings form a woven network inside the head (or \\\"hoop\\\") of the racquet. Strings have been made with a variety of materials and possess varying properties that have been measured, such as dynamic stiffness, tension retention, thickness (gauge), string texture (shape of the string), and rebound efficiency. The material used in tennis string can significantly affect a player's performance, and even health. Several materials are used to make tennis strings. They vary in terms of elasticity, durability, rebound efficiency, tension\",\n \"title\": \"Strings (tennis)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9476506\",\n \"text\": \"in a vat of liquid composed of a special mixture of natural glue (ingredients include Bletilla striata and isinglass) that binds the strands together. The strings is taken out and left to dry, before being cut into the appropriate length. The top thicker strings (i.e. strings one to four) are further wrapped in a thin silk thread, coiled around the core to make it smoother. According to ancient manuals, there are three distinctive gauges of thickness that one can make the strings. The first is \\\"taigu\\\" 〖太古〗 [Great Antiquity] which is the standard gauge, the \\\"zhongqing\\\" 〖中清〗 [Middle Clarity] is\",\n \"title\": \"Guqin strings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8281602\",\n \"text\": \"magazine, has named a Stringer of the Year. Past winners were: Strings (tennis) In tennis, the strings are the part of a tennis racquet which make contact with the ball. The strings form a woven network inside the head (or \\\"hoop\\\") of the racquet. Strings have been made with a variety of materials and possess varying properties that have been measured, such as dynamic stiffness, tension retention, thickness (gauge), string texture (shape of the string), and rebound efficiency. The material used in tennis string can significantly affect a player's performance, and even health. Several materials are used to make tennis\",\n \"title\": \"Strings (tennis)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8458684\",\n \"text\": \"Daughters (John Mayer song) \\\"Daughters\\\" is the third single from \\\"Heavier Things\\\", the 2003 studio album from blues rock singer-songwriter, John Mayer. The critically acclaimed song won numerous awards, including the 2005 Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 47th Grammy Awards. It has sold 1,007,000 copies in the US as of May 2013. Lyrically, \\\"Daughters\\\" is an admonition to fathers (and to a lesser extent mothers) to nurture their daughters in their childhood, because the relationship will affect their future relationships with men as adults. He uses his own troubled lover to illustrate his belief. Mayer has\",\n \"title\": \"Daughters (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13817199\",\n \"text\": \"Who Says (John Mayer song) \\\"Who Says\\\" is the thirteenth single released by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, and the first to be released from his fourth studio album, \\\"Battle Studies\\\". It is Mayer's first studio recorded single release since \\\"Say\\\" in 2007. On September 25, 2009, \\\"Who Says\\\" was released on John Mayer's official website. The song’s music video shows images of Mayer clubbing and dining out at night-time paired with scenes of him alone in his apartment, cleaning up and noodling on his guitar. Referencing the video, Leah Greenblatt of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" asked \\\"Who says the life of a\",\n \"title\": \"Who Says (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6107154\",\n \"text\": \"mistake: One-time Berklee College of Music student Mayer is a badass guitar player. Backed by studio aces Steve Jordan on drums and Pino Palladino on bass...his blues playing was consistently impressive.\\\" \\\"But\\\", he added, \\\"he's a bit too eager to impress.\\\" In February 2005, the trio played Mayer's single \\\"Daughters\\\" at the 47th Grammy Awards, for which Mayer went on to win the award for \\\"Best Male Vocal Performance\\\" later that night (though the Trio performed, the act was announced only as \\\"John Mayer\\\"). The Trio released \\\"Come When I Call\\\" exclusively to iTunes. While \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" said the for-download-only\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer Trio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684326\",\n \"text\": \"benefits and telethons for charity throughout his career. He has participated in benefits for the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In response to the Virginia Tech massacre, Mayer (along with Dave Matthews Band, Phil Vassar, and Nas) performed a free concert at Virginia Tech's Lane Stadium on September 6, 2007. followed by an appearance with Rob Thomas at the Annual Holiday Concert at Blythedale Children's Hospital in Valhalla that winter. On December 8, 2007, Mayer hosted the first annual Charity Revue, a tradition he has continued each year. Charities who have benefited from the concerts include Toys for Tots, Inner City\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684323\",\n \"text\": \"Baltin commented on this dichotomy, saying that May is \\\"one of the sharpest and savviest musical minds you will ever encounter,\\\" and added, \\\"While many have found reasons to dislike Mayer since the beginning of his career, he is a consummate musician's musician, an artist who has been embraced by Eric Clapton, Stevie Wonder and Buddy Guy among others.\\\" Mayer's inclusion in the Grateful Dead was not without its critics. Chris Robinson of the Chris Robinson Brotherhood said that \\\"everything that Jerry Garcia ever talked about or stood for, John Mayer is the antithesis,\\\" and that while \\\"Jerry was one\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684263\",\n \"text\": \"for Squares\\\" (2001) and \\\"Heavier Things\\\" (2003)—did well commercially, achieving multi-platinum status. In 2003, he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the single \\\"Your Body Is a Wonderland\\\". By 2005, Mayer had moved away from the acoustic music that characterized his early records, and begun performing the blues and rock music that had originally influenced him as a musician. He collaborated with blues artists such as B. B. King, Buddy Guy, and Eric Clapton. Forming the John Mayer Trio, he released a live album in 2005 called \\\"Try!\\\", and his third studio album \\\"Continuum\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5558942\",\n \"text\": \"Clarity (John Mayer song) \\\"Clarity\\\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, lushly arranged with piano and drums provided, in part, by The Roots drummer, Questlove, and brass by two time Grammy winner, Roy Hargrove. It was the second single from Mayer's 2003 album \\\"Heavier Things\\\". The song's meaning is not immediately clear. Some interpretations have characterized the song as being about coming to terms with a relationship, while others have interpreted the song as being about a person's own self-perception. At his February 28, 2007, show at Madison Square Garden, John introduced \\\"Clarity\\\" as a\",\n \"title\": \"Clarity (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9934851\",\n \"text\": \"in Europe, only reaching number 97 in the Netherlands and peaking outside the UK top 40 at number 42 in August 2003. All songs are by John Mayer unless otherwise noted. No Such Thing (John Mayer song) \\\"No Such Thing\\\" is the debut single of John Mayer. It was released in April 2002 as the lead single from his first album \\\"Room for Squares\\\". Like many of the songs from Mayer's early musical career, the song was co-written with Clay Cook. The song has been used in episode 15 of the first season of \\\"Alias\\\". It was Mayer's breakthrough hit,\",\n \"title\": \"No Such Thing (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8458686\",\n \"text\": \"On several occasions, Mayer had pushed to release the songs \\\"Come Back to Bed\\\" and \\\"Something's Missing\\\" as singles, as they were more the kind of music he was leaning towards making. However, the label decided that \\\"Daughters\\\" would be more well received by radio. In 2005, Mayer converted the song into an all-out blues song with his group John Mayer Trio on the live album, \\\"Try!\\\", stripping away the acoustic elements the song had become known for, although not similar version to the \\\"Electric Guitar Mix\\\" of the song as included on the single's re-release. The music video is\",\n \"title\": \"Daughters (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407192\",\n \"text\": \"loveliness dissipates into a sleep-inducing soft-rock haze.\\\" \\\"Stylus Magazine\\\" stated that Mayer \\\"calmly circles the same career themes with the same warmed-over, palatable guitar weavings\\\". \\\"Q\\\" magazine called it \\\"dour stuff reminiscent of a yogic Sting.\\\" On December 7, 2006, \\\"Continuum\\\" was nominated for three Grammys. Including these, Mayer earned five nominations, in total – one nomination for Best Rock Album for \\\"Try!\\\" with the John Mayer Trio and another for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for \\\"Route 66\\\" from the \\\"Cars\\\" motion picture soundtrack. The album's lead single, \\\"Waiting on the World to Change\\\", was nominated and won in\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407174\",\n \"text\": \"with time lately, constantly crunching the numbers to get some sense of where I stand in the continuum.\\\" In his column in the September 2005 issue of \\\"Esquire\\\" he confirmed the title, writing, \\\"I've never experienced anything like the recording process involved in making \\\"Continuum\\\", my third-album-to-be. The album features mainly new songs, though \\\"Gravity\\\" and \\\"Vultures\\\" are available in live versions from John Mayer Trio's \\\"Try!\\\", and \\\"\\\" is a Jimi Hendrix cover: the first Hendrix cover that Mayer has ever recorded as a studio release, although Mayer had played \\\"Bold as Love\\\" live many times prior to the\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9250923\",\n \"text\": \"is one of only two songs featured on the John Mayer Trio's debut album, \\\"Try!\\\", that carried over into the release of \\\"Continuum\\\". Alicia Keys provides background vocals at the end of the song. In a concert performed in December 2005, Mayer explained the significance and meaning of the song: \\\"Billboard\\\" called the single \\\"an easygoing, bluesy number, convincingly conjuring the spirit of his idol Buddy Guy.\\\" On February 22, 2007, \\\"Gravity\\\" entered Billboard's Hot 100 singles chart at #71;<ref name=\\\"Billboard_02/22\\\"></ref> at that time, Mayer had two singles charting on the Hot 100 (the other song was \\\"Waiting on the\",\n \"title\": \"Gravity (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8458688\",\n \"text\": \"the song himself in the 2015 buddy comedy film Get Hard. In 2005, trumpeter Rick Braun covered an instrumental version from album \\\"Yours Truly.\\\" Daughters (John Mayer song) \\\"Daughters\\\" is the third single from \\\"Heavier Things\\\", the 2003 studio album from blues rock singer-songwriter, John Mayer. The critically acclaimed song won numerous awards, including the 2005 Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 47th Grammy Awards. It has sold 1,007,000 copies in the US as of May 2013. Lyrically, \\\"Daughters\\\" is an admonition to fathers (and to a lesser extent mothers) to nurture their daughters in their childhood,\",\n \"title\": \"Daughters (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407193\",\n \"text\": \"the category for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. \\\"Continuum\\\" won the Grammy for Best Pop Vocal Album. Continuum (John Mayer album) Continuum is the third studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on September 12, 2006 by Aware and Columbia Records. Recording sessions took place from November 2005 to September 2006 at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles, Avatar Studios and Right Track/Sound on Sound in New York City, and Royal Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Produced by the singer and Steve Jordan, it marked a change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of blues and soul more heavily\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407172\",\n \"text\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album) Continuum is the third studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on September 12, 2006 by Aware and Columbia Records. Recording sessions took place from November 2005 to September 2006 at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles, Avatar Studios and Right Track/Sound on Sound in New York City, and Royal Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Produced by the singer and Steve Jordan, it marked a change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of blues and soul more heavily than in his previous work with pop rock. The album debuted at number 2 on the US\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5558944\",\n \"text\": \"This song was covered by saxophonist Najee in his album Rising Sun in 2007. Clarity (John Mayer song) \\\"Clarity\\\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, lushly arranged with piano and drums provided, in part, by The Roots drummer, Questlove, and brass by two time Grammy winner, Roy Hargrove. It was the second single from Mayer's 2003 album \\\"Heavier Things\\\". The song's meaning is not immediately clear. Some interpretations have characterized the song as being about coming to terms with a relationship, while others have interpreted the song as being about a person's own self-perception. At\",\n \"title\": \"Clarity (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9217422\",\n \"text\": \"released in September 2003. It topped the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and attained a double platinum certification from the RIAA. \\\"Heavier Things\\\" produced three singles: \\\"Bigger Than My Body\\\", \\\"Clarity\\\" and \\\"Daughters\\\". \\\"Daughters\\\" later won the award for Song of the Year at the 47th Grammy Awards. After a brief recording hiatus, during which he ventured to form the blues group John Mayer Trio, Mayer resumed his solo career and released his third studio album \\\"Continuum\\\" in September 2006. \\\"Continuum\\\" reached a peak of number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. \\\"Waiting on the World to Change\\\", the album's first single, peaked at\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6107159\",\n \"text\": \"recording sessions, and in his role as a record producer. In an interview on January 23, 2014, Mayer announced that the trio is \\\"coming back.\\\" On February 27, 2014, the trio reunited in a Late Night with Seth Meyers episode to play JJ Cale's \\\"After Midnight\\\". On January 10, 2016, John Mayer posted a photo on his Instagram feed with a caption reading \\\"In the studio, day one.\\\" The photo features the three members of the Trio together, almost two years removed from their last public performance. The trio formed the core of the studio band that recorded \\\"The Search\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer Trio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13817203\",\n \"text\": \"this is a simplistic interpretation: \\\"When I sing it, I do not think about marijuana — I think about walking around your house naked with a guitar. It's about being in control of the pleasure in your life.\\\" Who Says (John Mayer song) \\\"Who Says\\\" is the thirteenth single released by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, and the first to be released from his fourth studio album, \\\"Battle Studies\\\". It is Mayer's first studio recorded single release since \\\"Say\\\" in 2007. On September 25, 2009, \\\"Who Says\\\" was released on John Mayer's official website. The song’s music video shows images of\",\n \"title\": \"Who Says (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20057373\",\n \"text\": \"In the Blood (John Mayer song) \\\"In the Blood\\\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer. The song was released on May 1 as the third single from Mayer's seventh studio album \\\"The Search for Everything\\\", following \\\"Love on the Weekend\\\" and \\\"Still Feel Like Your Man\\\". It's Mayer's first song officially released to country radio. The song mentions Mayer's family influence. In his interview with NPR, Mayer said, \\\"It's turning around and pointing at yourself and going 'What's in there?' It's a certain time in your life where you just want to turn yourself upside\",\n \"title\": \"In the Blood (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11363949\",\n \"text\": \"to the local non-profit organizations Toys for Tots and the Los Angeles Food Bank. Concert attendees were encouraged to bring an unwrapped toy with a value of $10 or more. British singer-songwriter Adele opened up for him that night. The concert was named \\\"On His Own\\\", because Mayer performed the whole concert alone with the assistance of a drum machine and a recorder to overdub his guitar. The following songs were performed at the 2nd Annual Holiday Charity Revue on December 6, 2008 Encore Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue The Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue began in December\",\n \"title\": \"Annual John Mayer Holiday Charity Revue\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7887986\",\n \"text\": \"until his retirement. He also took sabbaticals to various institutes, including the Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques and MIT. He had a deep interest in music, and in Yiddish language and literature. He died in Newport Beach, California on December 11, 2011. He is survived by his wife Ruth, his children Elma Mayer and Niels Mayer, and his grandchildren Jonathan Mayer, Juniper Woodbury, and Moss Woodbury. His research interests range from geometric methods in gauge theory, to the application of wavelets in turbulence. He was an early contributor (1958) to the theory of vector-bosons (W and Z bosons) and electro-weak\",\n \"title\": \"Meinhard E. Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8281591\",\n \"text\": \"string when it comes to developing tennis elbow. Kevlar is often strung with another string, such as nylon), in order to combine both strings' qualities, as Kevlar by itself feels too stiff for many tennis players, especially when combined with a stiff racquet. Some advocate using a very thin gauge Kevlar for increasing comfort, but even in the thinnest gauge it is a stiff string. Another strategy to increase comfort and improve rebound efficiency is to string Kevlar at a low tension. Vectran is the penultimate string in terms of stiffness and durability. It is perhaps the least commonly used\",\n \"title\": \"Strings (tennis)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684322\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" (#1020) in February 2007, along with John Frusciante and Derek Trucks in an issue lauding the \\\"New Guitar Gods\\\", and the cover nicknamed him \\\"Slowhand, Jr.\\\", a reference to Eric Clapton. Critics, however, point to how safe his music is. Chris Richards, in review of a 2017 concert, declared \\\"John Mayer is an amazing guitar player,\\\" though he says he did so \\\"through clenched teeth,\\\" adding that the fact shouldn't absolve the guitarist of \\\"his pillow-soft songcraft, the dull sentimentality of his lyrics, or that cuckoo-racist interview he gave to Playboy back in 2010.\\\" Music writer Steve\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684314\",\n \"text\": \"Christopher Guest) were selected to endorse the campaign and was featured playing the guitar in ads. Mayer used and endorsed the BlackBerry Curve. Mayer made many appearances on talk shows and other television programs, most notably, on a \\\"Chappelle's Show\\\" comedy skit, the \\\"Late Show with David Letterman\\\" and on the final episode of \\\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\\\". Mayer appeared with Rob Dyrdek in the MTV show \\\"Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory\\\". Mayer wrote the theme song to the OWN network show \\\"Rollin' with Zach\\\", which features Zach Anner. CBS invited him to guest host \\\"The Late Late Show\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684304\",\n \"text\": \"performances, including at the 2010 CMT Music Awards. Mayer allows audio taping and non-commercial trading of those recordings at most of his live performances. Mayer often shows up at small venues unannounced (or with little advance notice) for surprise concerts—occasionally for free or without accepting the performance fee. He has made appearances throughout the Los Angeles, Atlanta and New York areas, including shows at the Laugh Factory, Eddie's Attic, and the Village Underground. After a public campaign by their senior class president, Mayer performed a surprise three-song set at the 2004 Pennsbury High School senior prom. In June 2015, Mayer\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684303\",\n \"text\": \"December 12, 2018, he announced a world tour for 2019. Mayer began touring as a solo artist in 2001. While his early records were largely acoustic, early reviewers noted his unexpected electric \\\"guitar heroics\\\" during live performances. Mayer has toured North America, Europe and Australia with many musical groups, including Maroon 5,Counting Crows, Ben Folds, the Wallflowers, Sheryl Crow, Colbie Caillat and Train. In 2010, Mayer and Keith Urban performed at a CMT Crossroads concert a medley of their songs and a rendition of George Michael's single, \\\"Faith\\\". This performance led to Urban and Mayer teaming up again for future\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684299\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"deeply personal new album\\\". Mayer recounted that in 2011 he happened upon a song by the Grateful Dead while listening to Pandora, and that soon the band's music was all he would listen to. In February 2015, while guest hosting \\\"The Late Late Show\\\", Mayer invited Grateful Dead guitar player Bob Weir to join him in a studio performance. While Weir, Phil Lesh Mickey Hart, and Bill Kreutzmann (surviving members of the Grateful Dead) were preparing for their tour with Trey Anastasio, Mayer began practicing the band's catalog of songs. That August, Mayer, Weir, Kreutzmann, and Hart formed the\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684280\",\n \"text\": \"Mayer began working with artists, including those from other genres of music. His voice was sampled on the song \\\"Go by rapper Common, and he appeared on Kanye West's a hidden track from the album \\\"Graduation\\\", \\\"Bittersweet Poetry\\\". The collaborations drew praise from rap heavyweights Jay-Z and Nelly. When asked about his presence in the hip hop community, Mayer said, \\\"It's not music out there right now. That's why, to me, hip-hop is where rock used to be.\\\" Around this time Mayer announced that he was \\\"closing up shop on acoustic sensitivity\\\". In the spring of 2005, Mayer formed the\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684268\",\n \"text\": \"fascinated with the instrument. When he turned 13, his father rented one for him. A neighbor gave Mayer a Stevie Ray Vaughan cassette, which cultivated Mayer's love of blues music. According to Mayer, his fascination with Vaughan started a \\\"genealogical hunt\\\" that led him to other blues guitarists, including Buddy Guy, B.B. King, Freddie King, Albert King, Otis Rush and Lightnin' Hopkins. Mayer started taking lessons from a local guitar-shop owner, Al Ferrante, and soon became consumed. His singular focus concerned his parents, and they twice took him to see a psychiatrist, who determined him to be healthy. Mayer says\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407175\",\n \"text\": \"release of \\\"Continuum\\\" such as on the televised \\\"Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope\\\" on January 15, 2005 and has since recorded other Hendrix songs such as \\\"The Wind Cries Mary\\\" and \\\"Wait Until Tomorrow\\\" in live settings. The album contains a collaboration between Mayer and 8-string guitarist Charlie Hunter on the tune \\\"In Repair\\\". The song \\\"Stop this Train\\\" was written during a time of, what Mayer calls, \\\"solitary refinement;\\\" He was in bed suffering from double kidney stones and living in a hotel while finding a new residence. The word \\\"Continuum\\\" is showcased across the center. The typography\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11906698\",\n \"text\": \"Standard wire gauge British Standard Wire Gauge is a set of wire sizes given by BS 3737:1964 (now withdrawn), and is generally abbreviated to SWG. It is also known as: Imperial Wire Gauge or British Standard Gauge. Use of SWG sizes has fallen greatly in popularity, but is still used as a measure of thickness in guitar strings and some electrical wire. Cross sectional area in square millimetres is now the more usual size measurement for wires used in electrical installation cables. The current British Standard for metallic materials such as wire and sheet is BS 6722:1986, which is a\",\n \"title\": \"Standard wire gauge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11874570\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Free Fallin',\\\" originally by Tom Petty, was released as a single and met with wide critical acclaim. The songs \\\"No Such Thing\\\" and \\\"Bigger Than My Body\\\" were played on the evening but did not make it to the DVD release for unknown reasons. All sets: John Mayer Trio set: John Mayer band set: \\\"Guitarist\\\" magazine gave the album five stars, saying the disc proves that \\\"Mayer, 30, is the complete package as a singer, songwriter and guitarist.\\\" In the United States, the album debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 albums chart at number five. and has sold 258,359 copies.\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Light Is (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9476512\",\n \"text\": \"of Li Xiangting. In 2016, the Japanese string maker, Marusan Hashimoto, produced what they call hybrid strings for qin. They are made like traditional silk strings but with a Tetron twisted core and for the four thicker strings having a nylon wrapping. Their main selling point is that they can be tuned to standard pitch without breaking and are more stable. Other than that, they are very similar to silk strings, especially in the sound being the closest compared to the other synthetic strings. Although most contemporary players use nylon-wrapped metal strings, some argue that nylon-wrapped metal strings cannot replace\",\n \"title\": \"Guqin strings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9250924\",\n \"text\": \"World to Change\\\"). It also entered Billboard's Hot 100 Digital Songs Chart at #63 At the 49th Annual Grammy Awards on February 11, 2007, Mayer performed \\\"Gravity\\\" with Corinne Bailey Rae and John Legend as the end of a medley. The set began with Rae's \\\"Like a Star\\\", and continued with Legend's \\\"Coming Home\\\", before concluding with \\\"Gravity\\\". Stevie Wonder introduced the trio's performance, and each artist performed some aspect of every song through the entire medley. For Rae's \\\"Like a Star\\\", Mayer performed various backing guitar licks, while during Legend's \\\"Coming Home\\\" he performed little. For \\\"Gravity\\\", both Rae\",\n \"title\": \"Gravity (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407185\",\n \"text\": \"No Doctor\\\", was originally performed by Ray Charles; Mayer previously performed the song as part of his set with the John Mayer Trio. The single \\\"Say\\\" (from \\\"The Bucket List\\\" soundtrack) was also made available on the CD through an online download unlock function. The tracks were produced by Mayer's engineer Chad Franscoviak. The album was reissued on Columbia Records on April 8, 2008, with the single \\\"Say\\\" being added directly on the disc. A vinyl lp version of this reissue was also released, on two 180-gram discs. \\\"Continuum\\\" debuted on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart at #2 with 300,186\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7407180\",\n \"text\": \"released. The cover for the special edition features a grey background and silver text for the title, with the Columbia Records logo in black instead of white. However, the line \\\"Music by John Mayer\\\" remains the same teal color as on the regular release. The cover layout is the same. By the time of release, Mayer had performed almost all of the songs live at least once, either with a full band or alone in an acoustic set during the Hotel Cafe shows from the previous winter. On August 23, 2006, the entire \\\"Continuum\\\" album was played on Los Angeles\",\n \"title\": \"Continuum (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18994602\",\n \"text\": \"Harris Mayer Harris L. Mayer (born 1921) is an American physicist known for his collaboration with Edward Teller and John von Neumann. He worked on the Manhattan Project. Mayer also worked on Project Orion. His work had to do with opacity, mostly in the context of atmospheric opacity to nuclear radiation. In late 1945, Harris Mayer was a student of Maria Goeppert-Mayer (wife of chemist Joseph Edward Mayer and neither of whom had any relation to Harris). Edward Teller invited Maria Goeppert-Mayer and two of her students (Boris Jacobsohn and Harris Mayer) to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Mayer's early\",\n \"title\": \"Harris Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20694182\",\n \"text\": \"application strings manager can be thought of as being to strings what revision control is to source files. Main factors and features of a strings manager include: Application strings manager An application strings manager is a software tool primarily designed to optimize the download and storage of strings files used and produced in software development. It centralizes the management of all the product strings generated and used by an organization to overcome the complexity arising from the diversity of strings types, and their position in the overall content workflow. Application strings manager is a software repository for text files, strings,\",\n \"title\": \"Application strings manager\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684288\",\n \"text\": \"televised memorial service. He co-wrote \\\"World of Chances\\\" with Demi Lovato for her second album \\\"Here We Go Again\\\", released later that month. After the overwhelming success of \\\"Continuum\\\", Mayer confessed to be intimidated with beginning on a follow-up. However, he stated, \\\"I think it got a lot easier when I realized that no matter what I do, it's not going to be \\\"Continuum\\\", good or bad.\\\" On November 17, 2009, Mayer's fourth studio album, \\\"Battle Studies\\\", debuted at number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 album chart. The first single, \\\"Who Says\\\", was released on September 24, 2009 in\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15631683\",\n \"text\": \"musical guest on the \\\"Late Show with David Letterman\\\", playing guitar with the house band. On May 10, 2012, the Clive Davis Theater hosted \\\"An Evening with John Mayer\\\" in which Mayer discussed \\\"Born and Raised\\\" and his career. In September 2011, Mayer was forced to cancel a small run of live dates upon the discovery of a throat granuloma. In spring 2012, he was scheduled to tour North America, but was forced to cancel the tour after being informed by doctors that his throat granuloma had returned. He has said that he is to undergo surgery again, but that\",\n \"title\": \"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684327\",\n \"text\": \"Arts and the Los Angeles Mission. CDs and DVDs of the first concert were released under the title \\\"Where the Light Is\\\" in July 2008. Mayer appeared on \\\"\\\", a celebrity initiative to support Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Mayer (along with Keith Urban) headline Tiger Jam 2011 in Las Vegas to help raise around $750,000 for the Tiger Woods Foundation. In January 2013, Mayer participated with Zac Brown in a benefit concert in Bozeman, Montana where they raised more than $100,000 for firefighters who battled a wildfire in the summer of 2012 in Paradise Valley that\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684300\",\n \"text\": \"group Dead & Company, along with Jeff Chimenti and Oteil Burbridge, and began a fall tour in the United States. The tour was well received (\\\"Billboard\\\" called it \\\"magical\\\"), and they continued to tour the US into 2016. Although Lesh has declined to join Dead & Company, Mayer also performed with Phil Lesh and Friends at Terrapin Crossroads in 2015. As a result of his touring with Dead & Company, Mayer postponed working on his next studio album until January 2016, with plans to finish it by the end of the year. On November 17, 2016, Mayer released \\\"Love on\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684289\",\n \"text\": \"advance of the album, followed on October 19 by \\\"Heartbreak Warfare\\\" and \\\"Half of My Heart\\\" on June 21, 2010. The accompanying arena tour grossed 45 million. Despite the album's commercial success, critics reactions were mixed. Some reviews glowed, calling it his \\\"most adventurous\\\", others called the album \\\"safe\\\" and noted that \\\"Mayer the singer-songwriter and Mayer the man about town sometimes seem disconnected, like they don't even belong in the same body\\\". Mayer admitted to \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" that he thought \\\"Battle Studies\\\" was not his best album. Following two revealing and highly controversial magazine interviews in February 2010 with\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684287\",\n \"text\": \"released \\\"\\\", a live concert film of Mayer's performance at the Nokia Theatre L.A. Live on December 8, 2007. The film was directed by Danny Clinch. It features an acoustic set and a set with the Trio, followed by a set with the band from the \\\"Continuum\\\" album. Australian artist Guy Sebastian invited Mayer to collaborate on three songs from his 2009 album \\\"Like It Like That\\\". Mayer also played guitar on the title track of Crosby Loggins' debut LP, \\\"Time to Move\\\". On July 7, 2009, Mayer performed an instrumental guitar version of Michael Jackson's \\\"Human Nature\\\" at Jackson's\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684284\",\n \"text\": \"Trio received a nomination for \\\"Try!\\\". He won two: Best Pop Song with Vocal for \\\"Waiting on the World to Change\\\" and Best Pop Album for \\\"Continuum\\\". Mayer remixed an acoustic version of his single \\\"Waiting on the World to Change\\\" with vocal additions from fellow musician Ben Harper. In preparation for \\\"Continuum\\\", Mayer had booked the Village Recorder in Los Angeles to record five acoustic versions of his songs with veteran musician Robbie McIntosh. These recordings became \\\"The Village Sessions\\\", an EP released on December 12, 2006. As usual, Mayer oversaw the artwork. The initial North American \\\"Continuum\\\" tour\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684282\",\n \"text\": \"excitement, in a \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" interview, Mayer recalled that after former Columbia Records head, Don Ienner, panned \\\"Continuum\\\"; as result, Mayer briefly considered quitting music and studying design full-time. The first single from \\\"Continuum\\\" was \\\"Waiting on the World to Change\\\", which debuted on \\\"The Ron and Fez Show\\\". The song was the third most downloaded song of the week on the iTunes Store following its release on July 11, 2006, and debuted at number 25 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 Chart. On August 23, 2006, Mayer debuted the entire album on the Los Angeles radio station Star 98.7, offering\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684272\",\n \"text\": \"Thing\\\", However, his only performance contribution was backing vocals on the song \\\"Comfortable\\\". Mayer and LaBruyere performed throughout Georgia and nearby states. Also, as his career coincided with the then-nascent internet music market, Mayer benefited from an online following. Mayer came to the attention of Gregg Latterman at Aware Records through an acquaintance of Mayer's, a lawyer, who sent Aware his EP. After including him in Aware Festival concerts and his songs on Aware compilations, in early 2001, Aware released Mayer's internet-only album titled, \\\"Room for Squares\\\". During this time, Aware concluded a deal with Columbia Records that gave Columbia\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684271\",\n \"text\": \"such as Eddie's Attic. According to Cook, they experienced musical differences due to Mayer's desire to move more towards pop music. The two parted ways and Mayer embarked on a solo career. With the help of local producer and engineer Glenn Matullo, Mayer recorded the independent EP \\\"Inside Wants Out\\\". The EP includes eight songs with Mayer on lead vocals and guitars. For the opening track, \\\"Back To You\\\", a full band was enlisted, including the EP's co-producer David \\\"DeLa\\\" LaBruyere on bass guitars. Cook had co-written many of the album's songs, including its first commercial single release, \\\"No Such\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684267\",\n \"text\": \"in nearby Fairfield, the middle child between older brother Carl and younger brother Ben. His father is Jewish, and Mayer has said that he relates to Judaism. As a middle school student, Mayer became close friends with future tennis star James Blake, and they often played Nintendo together after school. He attended the Center for Global Studies at Brien McMahon High School in Norwalk for his junior year (then known as the Center for Japanese Studies Abroad, a magnet program for learning Japanese). After watching Michael J. Fox's guitar performance as Marty McFly in \\\"Back to the Future\\\", Mayer became\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9934845\",\n \"text\": \"No Such Thing (John Mayer song) \\\"No Such Thing\\\" is the debut single of John Mayer. It was released in April 2002 as the lead single from his first album \\\"Room for Squares\\\". Like many of the songs from Mayer's early musical career, the song was co-written with Clay Cook. The song has been used in episode 15 of the first season of \\\"Alias\\\". It was Mayer's breakthrough hit, peaking at number 13 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and becoming his highest-charting song until \\\"Say\\\" hit number 12 in 2007. This song was written in about a week's time in\",\n \"title\": \"No Such Thing (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20057376\",\n \"text\": \"on the Billboard country chart. It debuted at number 59 on Country Airplay and reached its peak number 57 the following week. It peaked at number 39 on Hot Country Songs. The song was covered by American a cappella group Home Free. The music video of the cover version was released on August 30, 2017. In the Blood (John Mayer song) \\\"In the Blood\\\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter John Mayer. The song was released on May 1 as the third single from Mayer's seventh studio album \\\"The Search for Everything\\\", following \\\"Love on the Weekend\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"In the Blood (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15631687\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Billboard\\\" called the album \\\"his most consistently satisfying release yet.\\\" \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" gave the album a \\\"B,\\\" saying that the Laurel Canyon-inspired, \\\"ramble-tamble style suits him.\\\" Musical personnel Primary production personnel Featured artists Additional production personnel Additional personnel \\\"Born and Raised\\\" at Metacritic Born and Raised (John Mayer album) Born and Raised is the fifth studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on May 22, 2012 by Columbia Records. It marked yet another change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of folk and Americana, as well as influences from Bob Dylan, Neil Young, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, and\",\n \"title\": \"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15631677\",\n \"text\": \"Born and Raised (John Mayer album) Born and Raised is the fifth studio album by American recording artist John Mayer, released on May 22, 2012 by Columbia Records. It marked yet another change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of folk and Americana, as well as influences from Bob Dylan, Neil Young, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, and Graham Nash. Its cover, as well as that of the single \\\"Queen of California\\\", was designed by David Adrian Smith. \\\"Born and Raised\\\" received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Mayer's technical skills as well as Don Was' production work. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7007074\",\n \"text\": \"Strings (Unix) In computer software, strings is a program in Unix-like operating systems that finds and prints text strings embedded in binary files such as executables. It can be used on object files and core dumps. Strings are recognized by looking for sequences of at least 4 (by default) printable characters terminating in a NUL character (that is, null-terminated strings). Some implementations provide options for determining what is recognized as a printable character, which is useful for finding non-ASCII and wide character text. Common usage includes piping its output to grep and fold or redirecting the output to a file.\",\n \"title\": \"Strings (Unix)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7887987\",\n \"text\": \"unification, which later became the Standard model, and an early advocate of the use of fiber bundles in gauge theory. He was a co-author (with Gerald Jay Sussman and Jack Wisdom) of \\\"Structure and Interpretation of Classical Mechanics\\\", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001 Meinhard E. Mayer Meinhard Edwin Mayer (March 18, 1929 – December 11, 2011) was a Romanian–born American Professor Emeritus of Physics and Mathematics at the University of California, Irvine, which he joined in 1966. He was born on March 18, 1929 in Cernăuți. He experienced both the Soviet occupation of Northern Bukovina and, as a Jew, deportation\",\n \"title\": \"Meinhard E. Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1684318\",\n \"text\": \"Vaughan. He sought out masterbuilder, John Cruz, to help devise the design. In essence, Mayer wanted an all-black version of Stevie Ray Vaughan's \\\"First Wife\\\" Stratocaster. The guitar is heavily relic'd to specs very similar to the guitar used by Stevie Ray Vaughan. The Black1 includes a mint pickguard, custom wound pickups, gold hardware, and gold tuners from the SRV Tribute Stratocaster. It was the principal guitar on the \\\"Continuum\\\" album. It was notably used on tracks such as \\\"I Don't Trust Myself With Loving You\\\", and \\\"Bold as Love\\\". The Black1 has become a trademark to Mayer's music. While\",\n \"title\": \"John Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13557848\",\n \"text\": \"After being approached to contribute towards a renovation project at Madison's Capitol Theatre, Mayer offered to make a matching grant, coming through with a surprise contribution of $250,000. The main theater at what became the Madison Civic Center was named the \\\"Oscar Mayer Theatre\\\" in his honor. A later project folded the Civic Center into what became the Overture Center. Mayer attended ceremonies that renamed the theater, home of the Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra, as the \\\"Capitol Theater\\\". This project was just one of the many community and charitable organizations with which Mayer was involved. Mayer had three sons with his\",\n \"title\": \"Oscar G. Mayer Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20250687\",\n \"text\": \"by John Hicks, except where noted. Trio + Strings Trio + Strings is an album by pianist John Hicks, recorded in 1997. The album was recorded at Mapleshade Studio, Upper Marlboro, Maryland, on September 23, 24, and 27, 1997. The compositions were by Hicks, with the exception of \\\"Passion Flower\\\". The string arrangements were by Larry Willis. \\\"Trio + Strings\\\" was released by Mapleshade Records. \\\"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\\\" commented that it was \\\"Not our favourite Hicks record by any means but an accomplished and pleasing record.\\\" \\\"JazzTimes\\\" stated that Hicks' writing \\\"evokes Strayhorn [...] Evans, Ibrahim, and perhaps\",\n \"title\": \"Trio + Strings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9476508\",\n \"text\": \"for all). Recently in China, production of very good quality silk strings has resumed and more players are beginning to use them. The American qin player and scholar John Thompson advocates for the use of both silk and nylon-wrapped metal strings for different styles of qin music, much like the guitar exists in both classical (nylon-string) and steel-string forms. Playing silk strings is different from playing metal-nylon one, as you need to pluck much more gently in order to avoid buzzing and the string slapping on the surface. Thus, silk strings are slightly more difficult to play. Metal-nylon strings (that\",\n \"title\": \"Guqin strings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13817200\",\n \"text\": \"rock star--sexy entourage, late-night pool parties, nubile young things dancing on banquettes--is just a mask for acoustic ennui? John Mayer, that's who,\\\" and gave the video a \\\"B\\\". Critical reception of \\\"Who Says\\\" was mixed; though most praised the song musically, some were skeptical of Mayer's explicit reference to drug use. Crystal Bell of \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine gave a favorable review from the song, saying, \\\"'Who Says' balances Mayer's signature velvety tone with a more stripped-down, folk-inspired arrangement.\\\" She added, \\\"Mayer may not be speaking in grandiose terms about changing the world or marveling over a woman's beauty, but maybe that's\",\n \"title\": \"Who Says (John Mayer song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20888610\",\n \"text\": \"works on John Chrysostom. In 1979, Mayer graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Adelaide, in Adelaide, Australia. In 1991, Mayer then earned an Honours Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia where she also received a University Medal for excellence. In 1996, Mayer obtained her PhD. in Studies in Religion at the University of Queensland. Mayer began her research as a fellow for Early Christian Studies at Australian Catholic University. Since then, Mayer has spent a majority of her career aiming to create a research culture that encourages relevance to\",\n \"title\": \"Wendy Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3548233\",\n \"text\": \"John Medeski: With Screaming Headless Torsos: With Harry Sokal: Sulfur: With Janek Gwizdala: With Depart With Rebekka Bakken Nerve (Jojo Mayer, John Davis, Jacob Bergson): DVDs: He was featured as the cover story of the January 2008 issue of Modern Drummer magazine. Jojo Mayer was interviewed by DrummerConnection.com in May 2010, and by Linus Wyrsch on \\\"The Jazz Hole\\\" for breakthruradio.com in July 2010. Mayer is a long-time Sonor endorser who also uses Sabian cymbals, Vic Firth sticks and Evans Drumheads. He helped Sonor design the Jungle kit and snare. He has also collaborated with Sabian to create two lines\",\n \"title\": \"Jojo Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15631681\",\n \"text\": \"September I wasn’t talking at all. I’d have a Bluetooth keyboard, and someone would have an iPad to read what I type. I had to point to menus at restaurants. People look at me like I’m crazy.\\\" On October 20, 2011, Mayer updated his fans about the treatment of his throat granuloma, announcing that he \\\"had surgery this afternoon to remove it and am now on complete vocal rest for a month or more\\\", during which he plans to \\\"travel the country, look, and listen.\\\" Recovering from surgery, and after taking a road trip with friends through Middle America, Mayer\",\n \"title\": \"Born and Raised (John Mayer album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20515978\",\n \"text\": \"Billy Strings Billy Strings (born William Apostol, October 3, 1992) is an American guitarist and bluegrass musician. Billy Strings was born William Apostol on October 3, 1992 in Lansing, Michigan. His stepfather, Terry Barber, was a picker in the Michigan bluegrass scene, although he never played professionally. Barber was a heavy influence on his son, introducing him to traditional bluegrass at a young age. He got his nickname, Billy Strings, from his aunt, who saw his ability on multiple traditional bluegrass instruments. His dad introduced him to classic bluegrass like Doc Watson, Del McCoury, David Grisman, Bill Monroe, John Hartford,\",\n \"title\": \"Billy Strings\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926755\",\n \"text\": \"Mercer Mayer bibliography This is a list of the works of Mercer Mayer. The following is a partial list of books that Mercer Mayer has written and/or illustrated. It also includes books and items that are related to Mercer Mayer and his creations (like coloring books, sticker books, lacing cards, toys, etc.). \\\"Little Critter\\\" is an anthropomorphic character created by Mercer Mayer. Although it's not specified what species the Little Critter is, he resembles a small and furry rodent-like creature such as a porcupine, hamster, hedgehog, capybara or guinea pig. Little Critter first appeared in the 1975 book \\\"Just for\",\n \"title\": \"Mercer Mayer bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2352834\",\n \"text\": \"desire for taste and quality.\\\" Mayer was also thanked for founding and developing new personalities and for bringing the Hollywood \\\"star system into full flower.\\\" Although Mayer was often not liked and even feared by many in the studio, editor Sam Marx explains that \\\"his reputation is far worse than it should be. He had to be strong to do his job, and he couldn't do that without making enemies.\\\" Director Clarence Brown compared him to newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst: Mayer never wrote or directed movies, and never pretended to tell writers what to write or art directors what\",\n \"title\": \"Louis B. Mayer\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["blues-rock"],"string":"[\n \"blues-rock\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1294,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what did regina hall play in?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5640094","text":"Regina Hall Regina Lee Hall (born December 12, 1970) is an American film and television actress and comedian. She is perhaps best known for her lead role as Brenda Meeks in the \"Scary Movie\" film series (2000–2006). Hall, who was an English major in college and studied journalism in graduate school, envisioned a career as a journalist, but ventured into acting in her late twenties. Hall has appeared on numerous television series, most prominently in a recurring role on the comedy series \"Ally McBeal\" (2001–2002). Her other significant films include \"The Best Man\" (1999) and its sequel \"The Best Man","title":"Regina Hall"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5640094\",\n \"text\": \"Regina Hall Regina Lee Hall (born December 12, 1970) is an American film and television actress and comedian. She is perhaps best known for her lead role as Brenda Meeks in the \\\"Scary Movie\\\" film series (2000–2006). Hall, who was an English major in college and studied journalism in graduate school, envisioned a career as a journalist, but ventured into acting in her late twenties. Hall has appeared on numerous television series, most prominently in a recurring role on the comedy series \\\"Ally McBeal\\\" (2001–2002). Her other significant films include \\\"The Best Man\\\" (1999) and its sequel \\\"The Best Man\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Hall\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12889734","text":"Regina (play) Regina: Un Musical Para Una Nación Que Despierta (Regina: A musical for an awaking nation) is a musical presented in the San Rafael Theater in Mexico. The musical part of the play was composed by Antonio Calvo, with lyrics by Alex Slucki, based on the novel \"Regina\" (1987) by Antonio Velasco Piña. This play was performed for the first time on March 21, 2003. This is the very first time Lucero performed in a play. She accepted the role that was offered by Pablo Perroni, Antonio Calvo and Renato Herrera. Lucero looked the opportunity because she rejected the","title":"Regina (play)"},{"psg_id":"5640085","text":"had a role in the 2010 Danneel Harris and Arielle Kebbel film \"Mardi Gras\". From its fall 2010 debut until a series overhaul in January 2011, Regina Hall portrayed Deputy District Attorney Evelyn Price on \"\". In addition to being an actress and advocate, Regina Hall announced in November 2010 that she is now writing for ABILITY Magazine. In 2012, she portrayed Candace Hall in Steve Harvey's movie \"Think Like a Man\", a romantic comedy based on his book \"Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man\". Hall reprised her role as Candace Sparks in \"The Best Man Holiday\" in","title":"Regina Hall"},{"psg_id":"12889735","text":"role of the soap opera Amor real by the director Carla Estrada. Regina was born from the union of Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes in the 50s. She was a dakini with supernatural powers inherited by the Dalai Lama, dominated the nature (the rain, the wind, the day, the night, etc.). This was discovered by Tagdra Rimpoche, her mentor, along with the Dalai Lama, upon doing some tests with objects, where she, in a natural way, would choose the same objects that the Dalai Lama had already chosen . Regina (play) Regina: Un Musical Para Una Nación Que Despierta (Regina: A","title":"Regina (play)"},{"psg_id":"19046276","text":"Anna Regina (Wolf Hall) \"Anna Regina\" is the third episode of the BBC Two series \"Wolf Hall\". It was first broadcast on 4 February 2015. In 1531, King Henry VIII pushes his cause of marrying Anne Boleyn by proposing a bill that would make him, and not the Pope, the head of the Church in England. Thomas Cromwell's influence in the king's affairs continues to grow, but he seeks more power. \"Anna Regina\" received positive reviews. The \"Daily Telegraph\" again gave the episode 5/5. Reviewer Tim Martin wrote that \"\"Wolf Hall\" is getting better, and darker, with each episode,\" and","title":"Anna Regina (Wolf Hall)"},{"psg_id":"19046277","text":"called it a \"stellar political drama, with a thrillingly delicate feel for the weight of words.\" Anna Regina (Wolf Hall) \"Anna Regina\" is the third episode of the BBC Two series \"Wolf Hall\". It was first broadcast on 4 February 2015. In 1531, King Henry VIII pushes his cause of marrying Anne Boleyn by proposing a bill that would make him, and not the Pope, the head of the Church in England. Thomas Cromwell's influence in the king's affairs continues to grow, but he seeks more power. \"Anna Regina\" received positive reviews. The \"Daily Telegraph\" again gave the episode 5/5.","title":"Anna Regina (Wolf Hall)"},{"psg_id":"7578085","text":"up: \"What Katy Did at School\" and \"What Katy Did Next\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\"Clover\" and \"In the High Valley\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7774656","text":"Hall having opened on College Avenue, the Little Theatre operated there and in high schools \"until the Regina Performing Arts Centre opened at Angus Street and 4th Avenue in 1989.\" Productions continued in Darke Hall and local high schools until the Regina Performing Arts Centre opened at Angus Street and 4th Avenue in 1989. The Globe Theatre, was founded in 1966 as \"Saskatchewan's first professional theatre since 1927.\" and since 1981 has operated in the Prince Edward Building (old City Hall, previously the Regina Post Office), a heritage building on 11th Avenue and Scarth Street. The Regina Symphony Orchestra (Canada's","title":"Culture in Regina, Saskatchewan"},{"psg_id":"3994150","text":"the band signed a deal with new label Modernist Movement. The album \"Atlas Drugged\" was released on February 9, 2010 via Modernist Movement Recordings. Atlas Drugged was also produced by Brian Virtue. Decibel magazine referred to the band in a review of Atlas Drugged, \"Look What I Did crush on political philosophers, put Latin words in their song titles and generally get off on being a bunch of wiseasses to spazzed-out Adderall punk.\". The album title is play on Ayn Rand's 1957 novel 'Atlas Shrugged' In 2013, Look What I Did began revealing songs set to be released on their","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"11942400","text":"Retro Productions in New York City at the Spoon Theater. This production was attended and praised by A.R. Gurney and his extended family, and directed by Ric Sechrest. A professional revival was staged in Houston, Texas in 2003, directed by Kelley Williams. The Cast was as follows (2003): Charlie: (In alternating performances): Giddony Sanchez/ Shawn Anthony Anderson; Anna Trumbull: Sarah Douchez; Elsie: Jade Prudent; Grace: Elizabeth Keel; Bonny: Genieva Croley; Ted: John Ruiz. What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on","title":"What I Did Last Summer"},{"psg_id":"16229146","text":"lines for drinking water and sewage. Financial aid from the provincial government eased this process. Prior to January 1, 1951, North Regina was incorporated as a village, and was amalgamated with the City of Regina on that date. North Regina, Regina North Regina is a neighbourhood in the Northeast quadrant of the city of Regina, Saskatchewan. Postwar, the city adopted a de facto metropolitan form of government by annexing the independent village of \"North Regina\", located around the Canadian National Railway yards in the city's northwest, and what was then called the \"North Annex\"—a motley collection of houses outside the","title":"North Regina, Regina"},{"psg_id":"11942392","text":"What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on the shores of Lake Erie, the time 1945, during the final stages of World War II. Charlie, an incipiently rebellious fourteen-year-old, is summering with his mother and sister (his father is fighting in the Pacific) before going off to an expensive boarding school in the fall. Although he intended to spend the summer loafing and socializing with his friends (such as Ted), the need for spending money forces him to take a job","title":"What I Did Last Summer"},{"psg_id":"7347822","text":"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"11214851","text":"by what would eventually become Movie Central). Regina had the largest free civic wireless internet program in Canada. The Downtown, Warehouse, 13th Avenue and University regions have government-sponsored wireless internet called Saskatchewan! Connected, which is also available in Saskatoon, Prince Albert and Moose Jaw. Regina Saskatchewan! Connected was closed in September 2013 Media in Regina, Saskatchewan This is a list of media in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The \"Regina Leader\" was founded by Nicholas Flood Davin in 1883 and was the first Regina newspaper of record. Published weekly by the mercurial Davin, it came to national prominence during the trial of","title":"Media in Regina, Saskatchewan"},{"psg_id":"7578097","text":"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \"Tramp\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \"Katy\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \"Katy\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \"Katy\", which is a modern retelling of \"What Katy Did\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \"What Katy Did\" was followed by four sequels: \"What Katy Did at School\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"18937073","text":"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"16229145","text":"North Regina, Regina North Regina is a neighbourhood in the Northeast quadrant of the city of Regina, Saskatchewan. Postwar, the city adopted a de facto metropolitan form of government by annexing the independent village of \"North Regina\", located around the Canadian National Railway yards in the city's northwest, and what was then called the \"North Annex\"—a motley collection of houses outside the city's northern limits along Broad Street, but within the Rural Municipality of Sherwood, which surrounds the city. In both cases, the prime motivating factor in amalgamation was the prospect of these districts getting connected to the city's water","title":"North Regina, Regina"},{"psg_id":"7578098","text":"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"5640081","text":"graduate school changed drastically when her father died of a stroke. \"It was sudden. And I think when sudden events that are painful happen in your life, you know, they redirect your course,\" Hall reflected. \"When you’re young, you don’t grasp the gravity of life. But when you lose someone and you’re young, you do. And so I think that started me thinking about what I really wanted to do in life. And I know my father would have wanted me to finish school. So I did that.\" She began a career in the entertainment industry, starting off with a","title":"Regina Hall"},{"psg_id":"18937071","text":"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"19078112","text":"a new thirst for vengeance. Ultimately, her thirst for revenge was shelved when servants of the sinister Peter Pan kidnapped her son. Forging an alliance with her old foes, as well as Hook and Rumplestiltskin, Regina journeyed to Neverland. During the rescue mission, Regina taught Emma magic. Ultimately, their plan to rescue Henry was successful, and Pan was killed by his son Rumplestiltskin - however, not before Pan enacted the Dark Curse. Using her powers, Regina undid what she did and sent everyone back to the Enchanted Forest, all except Emma and her son. Returned to the Enchanted Forest, a","title":"Regina Mills"},{"psg_id":"16121657","text":"temporary city hall in the old post office (the \"Prince Edward Building\"), was used as a substitute from 1963 to 1975 for the city hall on 11th Avenue between Hamilton and Rose Streets, which had been closed and demolished without plans for any long-term replacement. It is most substantially used as theatre by Globe Theatre, Regina. The current City Hall does not contain or provide facilities for public social and ceremonial activities as its 1910 predecessor did, they not being available elsewhere in Regina then but now are. The current building is far more largely for office work. The city","title":"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina"},{"psg_id":"973767","text":"and the demolition of the 1906 City Hall in 1964 at a time when preservation of heritage architecture was not yet a fashionable issue. But until the demolition of downtown cinemas which doubled as live theatres the lack was not urgent, and Darke Hall on the Regina College campus of the university provided a small concert and stage venue. Annual festivals in and near Regina through the year include the Cathedral Village Arts Festival; the Craven Country Jamboree; the Regina Folk Festival; Queen City Pride; the Regina Dragon Boat Festival; and Mosaic, mounted by the Regina Multicultural Council, which earned","title":"Regina, Saskatchewan"},{"psg_id":"13579047","text":"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"13579043","text":"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"7578094","text":"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \"What Katy Did\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"5753826","text":"album, \"Definitive Collection\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \"Paper Lace\". I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"psg_id":"5753825","text":"I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"psg_id":"3994152","text":"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"8334567","text":"– 0:31 16. \"A Little Buzz\" – 2:46 17. \"Kids Didn't Change\" – 0:54 18. \"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\"","title":"What Did He Say?"},{"psg_id":"8334566","text":"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\" – 5:57 12. \"Sometimes I Laugh\" – 3:20 13. \"My Life\" – 4:45 14. \"The Sojourn of Arjuna\" – 6:29 15. \"Buzz Ntro\"","title":"What Did He Say?"},{"psg_id":"11856925","text":"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \"The Harpole Report\" and Edward","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"16918902","text":"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"11856928","text":"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"16918894","text":"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7347814","text":"What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode of \"Lost\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"3994147","text":"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"17247248","text":"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned","title":"What Katie Did (company)"},{"psg_id":"18787754","text":"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"20630614","text":"in the western United States and Canada with the San Carlo Opera Company. In 1922 she appeared in a radio production of Mozart's \"The Impresario\". She made recordings for Lyric Records, and for others under the pseudonym \"Josepha Donnelli\". Later in her career, she taught voice privately and at Sullins College, Brenau College, and Arlington Hall. In 1935 and 1937, she appeared at the Mazica Hall in Miami, Florida, giving \"operalogues\". Regina Vicarino married businessman George Vest Guyer in 1912. They had a daughter, Regina \"Mimi\" Vicarino Guyer, born in 1916. George died suddenly in 1922. Regina Vicarino died in","title":"Regina Vicarino"},{"psg_id":"5640089","text":"in \"Think Like a Man Too\". She revealed what members of the cast partied the most in the film shortly before the movie's release. \"Everyone kind of had their fun, I'm not gonna lie. We went out, we gambled. Kevin [Hart] parties. There were parties, and we all went. It was good fun\". In July 2014, it was announced Hall would star in Lifetime film, entitled \"With This Ring\", with Eve and Jill Scott. In the 2015 film \"People Place Things\", Hall had a major role as the love interest of a newly divorced man. In 2016, Hall was in","title":"Regina Hall"},{"psg_id":"5640092","text":"know what it was. Anyway, Bob had a group called the Scleroderma Research Foundation, so I donated to that and my mother even went to the doctor Bob had suggested, who happened to be over at Johns Hopkins.\" In 2010, at age 40, Hall unsuccessfully tried to become a nun after a bad break-up. Hall had previously wanted to become a nun at the age of 14. She was refused for being too old, as the cut off age is 39. In 2014, she signed as an ambassador for Elizabeth Taylor's White Diamonds. Hall has also voiced her admiration for","title":"Regina Hall"},{"psg_id":"17247247","text":"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.","title":"What Katie Did (company)"},{"psg_id":"11942399","text":"go on the roller coaster, that Charlie is too young to ride. At the end of the show, the audience finds out he is moving to Canada - for good. Although Charlie and Ted fight, the audience can feel the heart-wrenching moment between the two boys when Ted announces his move. The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Circle Repertory Company, running from February 6, 1983 to February 20, 1983. Directed by Joan Micklin Silver, the cast included Julie Bovasso as Anna Trumbul, Christine Estabrook as Elsie, and Robert Joy as Ted. \"What I Did Last Summer\"was recently produced by","title":"What I Did Last Summer"},{"psg_id":"973765","text":"and arts. At various times this has attracted notable artistic talent: the Regina Five were artists at Regina College (the University's predecessor) who gained national fame in the 1950s. The long-established MacKenzie Art Gallery once occupied cramped quarters adjacent to Darke Hall on the University of Regina College Avenue Campus; since relocated to a large building at the southwest corner of the provincial government site, at Albert Street near 23rd Avenue. Donald M. Kendrick, Bob Boyer and Joe Fafard, now with significant international reputations, have been other artists from or once in Regina. The Regina Symphony Orchestra, Canada's oldest continuously","title":"Regina, Saskatchewan"},{"psg_id":"12306941","text":"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \"What They Like, Inc.\", other sites","title":"What They Play"},{"psg_id":"973777","text":"League, play their home games at Mosaic Stadium in Regina. Formed in 1910 as the Regina Rugby Club and renamed the Regina Roughriders in 1924 and the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1950, the \"Riders\" are a community-owned team with a loyal fan support base; every game in the 2008 season was sold out; out-of-town season ticket holders often travel or more to attend home games. The team has won the Grey Cup on four occasions, in 1966, 1989, 2007 and 2013. Other sports teams in Regina include the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, the Regina Thunder of the Canadian","title":"Regina, Saskatchewan"},{"psg_id":"7263691","text":"2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \"I Saw What You Did\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was","title":"I Saw What You Did"},{"psg_id":"10149533","text":"You Know What You Did \"You Know What You Did\" is the first episode of the third season of \"The Hills\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \"You Know What You Did\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"5640087","text":"while all of the women were not, stating that Morris Chestnut was happily married while walking around \"with his shirt off!\" Hall appeared in the 2014 film \"About Last Night\", costarring Kevin Hart. She and Hart were seen as the film's highlight as they had a \"great dynamic together\" and the two were credited with having the funniest lines in the film. All of the cast was seen as having a \"perfect mix of charisma and likability\". Jessica Herndon of the \"Associated Press\" stated \"Hart and Hall are the best part of this film. They play the couple you know","title":"Regina Hall"},{"psg_id":"18787753","text":"What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \"Change\". The song reached number 22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"12306939","text":"What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \"What They Like, Inc.\", other sites featuring books, movies and music followed. The site was launched in 2007 by two former Ziff Davis members Ira Becker, executive vice-president of the Game Group, and ex-1UP.com writer and Senior vice-president of the Game Group John Davison. Davison announced his departure from Ziff in August 2007, with Becker's announcement soon following. The two","title":"What They Play"},{"psg_id":"8001773","text":"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake Sherwood Ranch in Thousand Hills, 40 miles northwest of Hollywood. In what had been a cow pasture, designer Fernando Carrere fabricated a storybook Sicilian village which added $800,000 to the production's already elevated $5.5 million budget. Captain Lionel Cash (Dick Shawn), a staff officer under General Max Bolt (Carroll O'Connor),","title":"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?"},{"psg_id":"17542106","text":"live. The film is being distributed by MVD Entertainment, and was released on DVD in November 2012. It is also available on iTunes, Hulu, and Video-on-Demand. Writing in Punk News, John Gentile said, \"The wilder songs, like 'Audiowhore' where bassist Matt Gentling just gets completely down, stomping around like a T-rex, are nearly berserk, with the band approaching a Stooges-type thrash. 'What Did You Expect?' could pass for Fugazi's wilder side. Gentling just goes nuts on the bass, which is wild. Likewise, the mid-tempo songs like \"Freezing Point\" have an inherent urgency.\" What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You","title":"What Did You Expect? (film)"},{"psg_id":"16049220","text":"What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \"The Hunter\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \"The Hunter\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"2279766","text":"Taylor Field (Regina) Taylor Field was an open-air stadium located in Regina, Saskatchewan. It was the home field of the Canadian Football League's Saskatchewan Roughriders from its initial establishment as complete stadium in 1936 until 2016, although the team was playing some of its games at the site as early as 1921. Originally designed to house baseball as well as football, the stadium was converted to a football-only facility in 1966. Taylor Field was also the home field for the University of Regina Rams, who play in U Sports' Canada West conference, the Regina Thunder, who play in the Canadian","title":"Taylor Field (Regina)"},{"psg_id":"15942924","text":"Regina Gorman Regina Gorman is a camogie player, winner of a Soaring Star award in 2010, a Nancy Murray Cup, a Leinster and an All-Ireland Junior Title with Kildare in 2010. At underage level Regina played all her camogie in the forwards but was selected to play full back for the successful 2010 championship campaign. It was in the full-back position that she received her Soaring Star award. Regina also lined out for the Irish Shinty team which defeated Scotland in October 2010. Regina has also played for Leinster in the past in the inter provincial Gael Linn competitions. She","title":"Regina Gorman"},{"psg_id":"16049221","text":"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"8714685","text":"Live: You Get What You Play For Live: You Get What You Play For is a live album by rock band REO Speedwagon, released as a double-LP in 1977 (and years later as a single CD omitting \"Gary's Guitar Solo\" and \"Little Queenie\"). It was recorded at Memorial Hall in Kansas City, Kansas, the Convention Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, Kiel Auditorium in Saint Louis, Missouri and Alex Cooley's Electric Ballroom in Atlanta, Georgia. It peaked at number #72 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1977. The song \"Ridin' the Storm Out\" reached #94 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. The album","title":"Live: You Get What You Play For"},{"psg_id":"8846630","text":"Division. The team primarily played out of Pense and Southey until the 2015-2016 season in which they now play all of their home games at the Doug Wickenheiser Arena. Regina Silver Foxes The Regina Silver Foxes currently play in the South Division of the Junior B Prairie Junior Hockey League They were also a Canadian Tier II Junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. That used to play out of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. As their league finishes attest, the Foxes didn't amount to much in the competitive SJHL, but their ending of a crippling losing streak","title":"Regina Silver Foxes"},{"psg_id":"13849726","text":"Regina Pizzeria Regina Pizzeria, also known as Pizzeria Regina, and originally called Regina Pizza, is a regional pizza chain in New England. The company was founded in 1926 by Luigi D'Auria in Boston's North End neighborhood. It has been run by the Polcari family since 1956. The chain is a part of Boston Restaurant Associates and is headquartered in Lynnfield, Massachusetts. The original location, at 11 1/2 Thacher Street in Boston's North End, is still in operation and it is the most popular of all the Regina Pizzeria locations. It has been described as what movie pizzerias strive to look","title":"Regina Pizzeria"},{"psg_id":"3250609","text":"station housing 2 Rosenbauer Panther 3000 ARFF as well as a Rosenbauer AirWolf Rescue truck in 2012. In 2012 RAA completed renovations to the existing airport fire hall. Ground transportation to/from the airport is limited to taxi and private vehicles. Regina Public Transit does not serve the airport. Traffic for Regina International Airport has mostly remained stagnant since 2013, hovering around 1,250,000 passengers annually. However, growth is expected in 2018 after experiencing three consecutive months of growth in early 2018. Regina International Airport Regina International Airport is an international airport located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, located south-west and west south-west","title":"Regina International Airport"},{"psg_id":"12233214","text":"she wanted to work with Nicks. The two were brought to Giant Records then-president James Stroud in 1995. Regina Regina released its only album in 1997. The duo's only charting single in the U.S. was \"More Than I Wanted to Know\", which peaked at No. 53 on \"Billboard\"s Hot Country Singles & Tracks. Regina Regina Regina Regina was an American country music duo formed in 1995. The duo consisted of female singers Regina Leigh and Regina Nicks, respectively natives of North Carolina and Houston, Texas. Leigh was formerly a backing vocalist in Reba McEntire's road band, while Nicks was a","title":"Regina Regina"},{"psg_id":"5640082","text":"guest appearance on Sadat X's 1996 album \"Wild Cowboys\" on the track, \"The Interview\". In 1997, Hall appeared in her first television commercial at the age of 26. Her television career initially began with a role on the soap opera \"Loving\", and guest appearances on the Fox police drama \"New York Undercover\". She had a small part in the 1999 film \"The Best Man\". She left a lasting impression on viewers with her portrayal of the character Candace \"Candy\" Sparks. Hall reflected: \"It was my very first movie. I met Sanaa Lathan on it, and we did \"Love and Basketball\"","title":"Regina Hall"},{"psg_id":"13686288","text":"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought","title":"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?"},{"psg_id":"17338140","text":"What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"18544157","text":"Darke Hall Darke Hall is a 610 seat performance hall located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The hall was named for Francis Nicholson Darke, the former mayor of Regina. Designed by architect J.H. Pontin, the hall was built in 1928 and had its inaugural concert opening on 6 January 1929. While the hall currently serves as the main performance venue for the Conservatory of Music at the University of Regina, for many years the venue was the city of Regina's main concert hall and the home of the Regina Symphony Orchestra. That changed after the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts opened","title":"Darke Hall"},{"psg_id":"17542105","text":"What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You Expect?, which made its film festival debut in June, 2012, is a live concert documentary capturing the Archers of Loaf reunion tour, directed by Gorman Bechard. Indie rock icons the Archers of Loaf reunited in 2011, and during the course of their reunion tour played two legendary concerts at Cat's Cradle in Chapel Hill, NC. Combining in-your-face concert footage along with rare interviews of the band, this film by director Gorman Bechard documents those concerts, and captures the excitement and explosive energy of what its like to see this extraordinary band perform","title":"What Did You Expect? (film)"},{"psg_id":"16121658","text":"of Regina in 2002 undertook an energy efficiency audit and environmental upgrade to the building. Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina Queen Elizabeth II Court is the city block containing Regina City Hall, a 16-storey office tower in downtown Regina, Saskatchewan. The city hall is built in the International Style. Opened in 1976, \"[t]he construction manager was Poole Construction Limited and the architect, Joseph Pettick. It cost $10.1 million.\" It replaced two previous city halls—built in 1885-86 and 1908—and a temporary one in the old post office on 11th Avenue at Cornwall Street. By the time the cornerstone was laid in","title":"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina"},{"psg_id":"8001782","text":"shelved when, during the scene where Captain Cash visits Charlie Company at their chow line, he holds out his hand and one of the GI mess orderly's ladles beans into the captain's hand. The score is by Henry Mancini. It includes \"The Swing March\" and \"In the Arms of Love\". What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake","title":"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?"},{"psg_id":"16121654","text":"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina Queen Elizabeth II Court is the city block containing Regina City Hall, a 16-storey office tower in downtown Regina, Saskatchewan. The city hall is built in the International Style. Opened in 1976, \"[t]he construction manager was Poole Construction Limited and the architect, Joseph Pettick. It cost $10.1 million.\" It replaced two previous city halls—built in 1885-86 and 1908—and a temporary one in the old post office on 11th Avenue at Cornwall Street. By the time the cornerstone was laid in 1906 for the second, the \"gingerbread city hall,\" \"[t]he wooden building which had served as","title":"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina"},{"psg_id":"5055726","text":"the Salve Regina were used as a repeating theme in the song \"Oh What a Circus\" in the musical \"Evita\", with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. The 1992 comedy film \"Sister Act\" features a performance of the hymn influenced by rock and roll and gospel music. Salve Regina The Salve Regina (; , meaning \"Hail Queen\"), also known as the Hail Holy Queen, is a Marian hymn and one of four Marian antiphons sung at different seasons within the Christian liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church. The \"Salve Regina\" is traditionally sung at Compline in","title":"Salve Regina"},{"psg_id":"12233213","text":"Regina Regina Regina Regina was an American country music duo formed in 1995. The duo consisted of female singers Regina Leigh and Regina Nicks, respectively natives of North Carolina and Houston, Texas. Leigh was formerly a backing vocalist in Reba McEntire's road band, while Nicks was a personal assistant for McEntire and a former member of Dave & Sugar. The two met through the assistance of producer Wally Wilson, who wanted to include Nicks in a female duo. Nicks felt that she was unable to find a suitable singing partner until Leigh heard one of her demos and decided that","title":"Regina Regina"},{"psg_id":"15142198","text":"July 1957 (for JHS) and 1962 (for SHS). Regina Pacis Bogor school facilities include classrooms, two libraries, Physics Laboratory (JHS and SHS), Chemistry Laboratory (SHS), Biology Laboratory (JHS and SHS), Electrical Laboratory (SHS), and Computer laboratory (Elementary, JHS, and SHS). The school also has a hall, audiovisual room, basketball field, art room, and cafeteria. Regina Pacis School Regina Pacis School (RP or Recis) is a Catholic educational institution in Indonesia. The name \"Regina Pacis\" comes from Latin which means \"Queen of Peace\", referring to the Virgin Mary. The schools are located in Jakarta and Bogor and the educational services include","title":"Regina Pacis School"},{"psg_id":"16081973","text":"1897, Brachhausen patented an automatic disc changer, and Regina established a service for installing and maintaining their coin-operated music boxes. Regina boxes were seen as strong profit drivers partially because they created a steady revenue stream, as consumers would buy new discs to play on boxes they had already purchased. For a machine that cost $500, this was a relatively novel idea. Regina shipped 100,000 music boxes between 1892 and 1921, with sales topping out over $2 million a year. The company had 325 employees, and even as Symphonion established an American branch, Regina thrived as the market leader. Competition","title":"Regina Company"},{"psg_id":"14751693","text":"Regina Calcaterra Regina M. Calcaterra (born 1966) is an American attorney and journalist for the New York Times. She is a partner at Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman and Herz and formerly served as Deputy General Counsel to the New York State Insurance Fund. Calcaterra was the plaintiff in the case \"In Re Parentage Regina M. Calcaterra\", the first case of its kind in the United States that allowed an adult child to determine their true parentage via DNA paternity testing. Calcaterra graduated from Seton Hall University School of Law in 1997. Calcaterra served as chief deputy to the Suffolk County","title":"Regina Calcaterra"},{"psg_id":"8846628","text":"Regina Silver Foxes The Regina Silver Foxes currently play in the South Division of the Junior B Prairie Junior Hockey League They were also a Canadian Tier II Junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. That used to play out of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. As their league finishes attest, the Foxes didn't amount to much in the competitive SJHL, but their ending of a crippling losing streak during the 1974-75 season was major front-page news locally, when the Foxes beat the Moose Jaw Canucks on home ice (their only win that season as it turned out).","title":"Regina Silver Foxes"},{"psg_id":"13675535","text":"of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \"perverted,\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the","title":"What They Did to Princess Paragon"},{"psg_id":"4299756","text":"Casal, of Ryan Adams and the Cardinals, later listed \"What We Did on Our Holidays\" as one of his favourite albums of all time. What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such","title":"What We Did on Our Holidays"},{"psg_id":"11463660","text":"Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for \"The Guardian\", wrote: \"The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for \"Variety\", wrote \"...it’s the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening’s best calling card...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones.\" It won Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination at the 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards and, although they did","title":"The Play What I Wrote"},{"psg_id":"20173010","text":"Aldrich Family\", was broadcast for three seasons. What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \"What a Life\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936,","title":"What a Life (play)"},{"psg_id":"20173007","text":"What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \"What a Life\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936, under the title \"Enter to Learn\". After","title":"What a Life (play)"},{"psg_id":"6014704","text":"passengers than they did in 1940. An important event in the system's history was a fire in its \"bus barn\" on January 23, 1949 that destroyed 17 trolley coaches, nine gasoline buses, five steel streetcars and nine wooden cars. On September 5, 1950 The last streetcar made its final run through the streets of Regina and the Regina Municipal Railway became the Regina Transit System. Regina Transit provided trolley bus service from 1947 to 1966 using Canada Car and Foundry Brill trolley buses. Since 1955, its preferred transit fleet has been buses because their freedom from overhead lines makes them","title":"Regina Transit"},{"psg_id":"17849612","text":"film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73% rating based on 41 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: \"Witty and well-cast, \"What We Did on Our Holiday\" injects unlikely laughs into a story dealing with dark, difficult themes.\" On Metacritic, the film has a 54 out of 100 rating, based on 14 critics. What We Did on Our Holiday What We Did on Our Holiday is a 2014 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The film, starring David Tennant, Rosamund Pike, and Billy","title":"What We Did on Our Holiday"},{"psg_id":"17218374","text":"Regina Regina (album) Regina Regina is the only album by the American country music duo Regina Regina. It was released on Giant Records on January 28, 1997. The album includes the single \"More Than I Wanted to Know\". Giving it 3 out of 5 stars, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic called the album \"an appealing set of contemporary country distinguished by Regina Nicks and Regina Leigh's pure, close harmonies, which help give weight even to the mediocre material that clutters the record.\" He thought that the single \"More Than I Wanted to Know\" was a \"highlight\". Dan Kuchar of \"Country","title":"Regina Regina (album)"},{"psg_id":"16214309","text":"Underwater Sunshine (or What We Did on Our Summer Vacation) Underwater Sunshine (Or What We Did On Our Summer Vacation) is the sixth studio album by American rock band Counting Crows, released on April 10, 2012, on Cooking Vinyl. The album is composed of cover songs, with vocalist Adam Duritz stating, \"Sometimes it's great to play someone else's music and try to make it your own. Sometimes it's great just because it's fun.\" Produced by both the band and Shawn Dealy, the album features tracks from the 1960s through to the 2010s, and includes songs written by band's early contemporaries,","title":"Underwater Sunshine (or What We Did on Our Summer Vacation)"},{"psg_id":"19078116","text":"Ones sought to trade their lives with the heroes, Regina and Emma confronted Hook, reminding him of who he was. Thusly, Hook sacrificed his life to destroy the Darkness, but unknowingly transferred it back into Rumplestiltskin. Later, Regina joined Emma on a mission to the Underworld to revive Hook. Upon her arrival in the Underworld, Cora confronted her daughter, threatening to damn Regina's father Henry for eternity if she did not leave the Underworld. However, when speaking with her father, Regina was advised not to abandon her friends. Instead, Regina confronted her mother. Though Cora attacked her former husband, Henry's","title":"Regina Mills"},{"psg_id":"10149545","text":"episode was the network's highest-rated broadcast that year. It was surpassed by \"Paris Changes Everything\", which served as the premiere for the second half of the season, on March 17, 2008; it attracted 4.8 million viewers in its original airing. In the United States, the third season was released as a four-disc DVD set on July 19, 2008. You Know What You Did \"You Know What You Did\" is the first episode of the third season of \"The Hills\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"10149544","text":"anything you'd get on \"All My Children\".\" Furthermore, Conrad's delivery of the titular line \"You know what you did!\" when speaking to Montag has been recognized as an iconic moment from the series; the staff from \"Us Weekly\" ranked the scene as the most memorable event from the program when recapping highlights from its six seasons in July 2010. In its original broadcast in the United States on August 13, 2007, \"You Know What You Did\" was watched by 3.6 million viewers. Consequently, it became the series' most-viewed episode at the time of its first airing; as August 2007, the","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"17338142","text":"1989–2003\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\" single European/UK 12\" single UK 12\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"7263683","text":"I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was based upon the 1964 novel \"Out of the Dark\" by Ursula Curtiss. The film was produced and directed by William Castle. When two mischievous teens Libby (Andi Garrett) and Kit (Sara Lane) are home alone with Libby's younger sister","title":"I Saw What You Did"},{"psg_id":"14693059","text":"bungee rope is identical to him doing the same on the cover of his newly released album \"Escapology\". Williams entrance was accompanied by \"Let Me Entertain You\", a song he often uses as the first song. As he often does, Williams dedicated his 12th song \"No Regrets\" to his former Take That bandmates Gary Barlow, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, and Howard Donald. The performance of \"Back for Good\" on the third night by Williams and Owen was not included in the main section of the DVD. What We Did Last Summer What We Did Last Summer – Robbie Williams: Live","title":"What We Did Last Summer"},{"psg_id":"10149534","text":"DiVello, Liz Gateley, Sara Mast, Andrew Perry, Jason Sands, Robyn Schnieders, Sean Travis, Michael \"Spike\" Van Briesen, and Rick Van Meter. The episode was met with generally favorable reviews from critics, who felt that the changed dynamic between Conrad and Montag was entertaining for television. It was additionally notable for Conrad's delivery of the titular line \"You know what you did!\" when speaking to Montag, which has since been recognized as an iconic moment from the series. According to Nielsen ratings, \"You Know What You Did\" was watched by 3.6 million viewers in its original airing. The episode was released","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"10674416","text":"Vivat! Vivat Regina! Vivat! Vivat Regina! is a play written by Robert Bolt. It debuted at Chichester in 1970 and later at the Piccadilly Theatre London. Principal actors were Sarah Miles and Eileen Atkins. The play was directed by Peter Dews and designed by Carl Toms. Richard Pearson also played a role. Later, the play had a successful run on Broadway in 1972. The play tells the story of two rival monarchs who never met: Scotland's Mary, Queen of Scots and her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England. The play's title is Latin for \"Long live! Long live the Queen!\",","title":"Vivat! Vivat Regina!"},{"psg_id":"16918901","text":"of the young, it is their elders who insist on wriggling away from blame. \"What Richard Did\" is an engrossing and intelligent drama that throbs in the mind for hours after the final credits\". In February 2013, the film picked up five awards at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards including the award for Best Film. Jack Reynor won for Actor Lead Film whilst Lenny Abrahamson and Malcolm Campbell picked up awards for Best Director and Script with Nathan Nugent winning for Editing Film. In May 2013, It won the Golden Tulip (best movie) at The Istanbul International Film","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"16918899","text":"Unlike Abrahamson's previous two films, the screenplay for \"What Richard Did\" was not written by Mark O'Halloran but by Malcolm Campbell. The details of the plot deviate significantly from the source novel. The director worked with the cast for a full year in advance of production while script development was ongoing, holding a series of workshops in an effort to make successive drafts more reflective of contemporary Irish youth culture. Shot on location in Dublin and Wicklow, the film was financed by the Irish Film Board and Screen Scene, and was produced by Element Pictures. At the request of Kevin","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"7263690","text":"in William Castle's egregiously low-budgeted \"I Saw What You Did\", an attempt at terror starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland.\" \"Variety\" commented, \"[The film] is a well-produced, well-acted entry in the suspense-terror field. ... [Crawford's] slightest gesture or expression ... conveys vivid emotion.\" \"I Saw What You Did\" was released by Anchor Bay Entertainment on VHS and Region 1 DVD on August 24, 1999; both releases are long out of print. On May 23, 2014, it was re-released as an exclusive DVD-R by Universal as part of its Universal Vault Series, but in a full frame presentation. On May 17,","title":"I Saw What You Did"},{"psg_id":"7578096","text":"in her bedroom, makes the best of things and waits, hoping to outgrow her injury. There is no physical therapy – instead Katy is warned to avoid too much movement lest she \"set herself back\". Cousin Helen manages to travel a little, and even goes for a hydrotherapy water cure at one point, but it is made clear that she has no hope of ever walking again. Two TV movies and a brief TV series have been based on \"What Katy Did\". The most recent film (1999) starred Alison Pill as Katy, with Megan Follows as Cousin Helen, Michael Cera","title":"What Katy Did"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12889734\",\n \"text\": \"Regina (play) Regina: Un Musical Para Una Nación Que Despierta (Regina: A musical for an awaking nation) is a musical presented in the San Rafael Theater in Mexico. The musical part of the play was composed by Antonio Calvo, with lyrics by Alex Slucki, based on the novel \\\"Regina\\\" (1987) by Antonio Velasco Piña. This play was performed for the first time on March 21, 2003. This is the very first time Lucero performed in a play. She accepted the role that was offered by Pablo Perroni, Antonio Calvo and Renato Herrera. Lucero looked the opportunity because she rejected the\",\n \"title\": \"Regina (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5640085\",\n \"text\": \"had a role in the 2010 Danneel Harris and Arielle Kebbel film \\\"Mardi Gras\\\". From its fall 2010 debut until a series overhaul in January 2011, Regina Hall portrayed Deputy District Attorney Evelyn Price on \\\"\\\". In addition to being an actress and advocate, Regina Hall announced in November 2010 that she is now writing for ABILITY Magazine. In 2012, she portrayed Candace Hall in Steve Harvey's movie \\\"Think Like a Man\\\", a romantic comedy based on his book \\\"Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man\\\". Hall reprised her role as Candace Sparks in \\\"The Best Man Holiday\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12889735\",\n \"text\": \"role of the soap opera Amor real by the director Carla Estrada. Regina was born from the union of Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes in the 50s. She was a dakini with supernatural powers inherited by the Dalai Lama, dominated the nature (the rain, the wind, the day, the night, etc.). This was discovered by Tagdra Rimpoche, her mentor, along with the Dalai Lama, upon doing some tests with objects, where she, in a natural way, would choose the same objects that the Dalai Lama had already chosen . Regina (play) Regina: Un Musical Para Una Nación Que Despierta (Regina: A\",\n \"title\": \"Regina (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19046276\",\n \"text\": \"Anna Regina (Wolf Hall) \\\"Anna Regina\\\" is the third episode of the BBC Two series \\\"Wolf Hall\\\". It was first broadcast on 4 February 2015. In 1531, King Henry VIII pushes his cause of marrying Anne Boleyn by proposing a bill that would make him, and not the Pope, the head of the Church in England. Thomas Cromwell's influence in the king's affairs continues to grow, but he seeks more power. \\\"Anna Regina\\\" received positive reviews. The \\\"Daily Telegraph\\\" again gave the episode 5/5. Reviewer Tim Martin wrote that \\\"\\\"Wolf Hall\\\" is getting better, and darker, with each episode,\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Anna Regina (Wolf Hall)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19046277\",\n \"text\": \"called it a \\\"stellar political drama, with a thrillingly delicate feel for the weight of words.\\\" Anna Regina (Wolf Hall) \\\"Anna Regina\\\" is the third episode of the BBC Two series \\\"Wolf Hall\\\". It was first broadcast on 4 February 2015. In 1531, King Henry VIII pushes his cause of marrying Anne Boleyn by proposing a bill that would make him, and not the Pope, the head of the Church in England. Thomas Cromwell's influence in the king's affairs continues to grow, but he seeks more power. \\\"Anna Regina\\\" received positive reviews. The \\\"Daily Telegraph\\\" again gave the episode 5/5.\",\n \"title\": \"Anna Regina (Wolf Hall)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7774656\",\n \"text\": \"Hall having opened on College Avenue, the Little Theatre operated there and in high schools \\\"until the Regina Performing Arts Centre opened at Angus Street and 4th Avenue in 1989.\\\" Productions continued in Darke Hall and local high schools until the Regina Performing Arts Centre opened at Angus Street and 4th Avenue in 1989. The Globe Theatre, was founded in 1966 as \\\"Saskatchewan's first professional theatre since 1927.\\\" and since 1981 has operated in the Prince Edward Building (old City Hall, previously the Regina Post Office), a heritage building on 11th Avenue and Scarth Street. The Regina Symphony Orchestra (Canada's\",\n \"title\": \"Culture in Regina, Saskatchewan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994150\",\n \"text\": \"the band signed a deal with new label Modernist Movement. The album \\\"Atlas Drugged\\\" was released on February 9, 2010 via Modernist Movement Recordings. Atlas Drugged was also produced by Brian Virtue. Decibel magazine referred to the band in a review of Atlas Drugged, \\\"Look What I Did crush on political philosophers, put Latin words in their song titles and generally get off on being a bunch of wiseasses to spazzed-out Adderall punk.\\\". The album title is play on Ayn Rand's 1957 novel 'Atlas Shrugged' In 2013, Look What I Did began revealing songs set to be released on their\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942400\",\n \"text\": \"Retro Productions in New York City at the Spoon Theater. This production was attended and praised by A.R. Gurney and his extended family, and directed by Ric Sechrest. A professional revival was staged in Houston, Texas in 2003, directed by Kelley Williams. The Cast was as follows (2003): Charlie: (In alternating performances): Giddony Sanchez/ Shawn Anthony Anderson; Anna Trumbull: Sarah Douchez; Elsie: Jade Prudent; Grace: Elizabeth Keel; Bonny: Genieva Croley; Ted: John Ruiz. What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16229146\",\n \"text\": \"lines for drinking water and sewage. Financial aid from the provincial government eased this process. Prior to January 1, 1951, North Regina was incorporated as a village, and was amalgamated with the City of Regina on that date. North Regina, Regina North Regina is a neighbourhood in the Northeast quadrant of the city of Regina, Saskatchewan. Postwar, the city adopted a de facto metropolitan form of government by annexing the independent village of \\\"North Regina\\\", located around the Canadian National Railway yards in the city's northwest, and what was then called the \\\"North Annex\\\"—a motley collection of houses outside the\",\n \"title\": \"North Regina, Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942392\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on the shores of Lake Erie, the time 1945, during the final stages of World War II. Charlie, an incipiently rebellious fourteen-year-old, is summering with his mother and sister (his father is fighting in the Pacific) before going off to an expensive boarding school in the fall. Although he intended to spend the summer loafing and socializing with his friends (such as Ted), the need for spending money forces him to take a job\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11214851\",\n \"text\": \"by what would eventually become Movie Central). Regina had the largest free civic wireless internet program in Canada. The Downtown, Warehouse, 13th Avenue and University regions have government-sponsored wireless internet called Saskatchewan! Connected, which is also available in Saskatoon, Prince Albert and Moose Jaw. Regina Saskatchewan! Connected was closed in September 2013 Media in Regina, Saskatchewan This is a list of media in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The \\\"Regina Leader\\\" was founded by Nicholas Flood Davin in 1883 and was the first Regina newspaper of record. Published weekly by the mercurial Davin, it came to national prominence during the trial of\",\n \"title\": \"Media in Regina, Saskatchewan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16229145\",\n \"text\": \"North Regina, Regina North Regina is a neighbourhood in the Northeast quadrant of the city of Regina, Saskatchewan. Postwar, the city adopted a de facto metropolitan form of government by annexing the independent village of \\\"North Regina\\\", located around the Canadian National Railway yards in the city's northwest, and what was then called the \\\"North Annex\\\"—a motley collection of houses outside the city's northern limits along Broad Street, but within the Rural Municipality of Sherwood, which surrounds the city. In both cases, the prime motivating factor in amalgamation was the prospect of these districts getting connected to the city's water\",\n \"title\": \"North Regina, Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5640081\",\n \"text\": \"graduate school changed drastically when her father died of a stroke. \\\"It was sudden. And I think when sudden events that are painful happen in your life, you know, they redirect your course,\\\" Hall reflected. \\\"When you’re young, you don’t grasp the gravity of life. But when you lose someone and you’re young, you do. And so I think that started me thinking about what I really wanted to do in life. And I know my father would have wanted me to finish school. So I did that.\\\" She began a career in the entertainment industry, starting off with a\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19078112\",\n \"text\": \"a new thirst for vengeance. Ultimately, her thirst for revenge was shelved when servants of the sinister Peter Pan kidnapped her son. Forging an alliance with her old foes, as well as Hook and Rumplestiltskin, Regina journeyed to Neverland. During the rescue mission, Regina taught Emma magic. Ultimately, their plan to rescue Henry was successful, and Pan was killed by his son Rumplestiltskin - however, not before Pan enacted the Dark Curse. Using her powers, Regina undid what she did and sent everyone back to the Enchanted Forest, all except Emma and her son. Returned to the Enchanted Forest, a\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Mills\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16121657\",\n \"text\": \"temporary city hall in the old post office (the \\\"Prince Edward Building\\\"), was used as a substitute from 1963 to 1975 for the city hall on 11th Avenue between Hamilton and Rose Streets, which had been closed and demolished without plans for any long-term replacement. It is most substantially used as theatre by Globe Theatre, Regina. The current City Hall does not contain or provide facilities for public social and ceremonial activities as its 1910 predecessor did, they not being available elsewhere in Regina then but now are. The current building is far more largely for office work. The city\",\n \"title\": \"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"973767\",\n \"text\": \"and the demolition of the 1906 City Hall in 1964 at a time when preservation of heritage architecture was not yet a fashionable issue. But until the demolition of downtown cinemas which doubled as live theatres the lack was not urgent, and Darke Hall on the Regina College campus of the university provided a small concert and stage venue. Annual festivals in and near Regina through the year include the Cathedral Village Arts Festival; the Craven Country Jamboree; the Regina Folk Festival; Queen City Pride; the Regina Dragon Boat Festival; and Mosaic, mounted by the Regina Multicultural Council, which earned\",\n \"title\": \"Regina, Saskatchewan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753826\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Definitive Collection\\\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \\\"Paper Lace\\\". I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994152\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334567\",\n \"text\": \"– 0:31 16. \\\"A Little Buzz\\\" – 2:46 17. \\\"Kids Didn't Change\\\" – 0:54 18. \\\"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\\\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334566\",\n \"text\": \"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\" – 5:57 12. \\\"Sometimes I Laugh\\\" – 3:20 13. \\\"My Life\\\" – 4:45 14. \\\"The Sojourn of Arjuna\\\" – 6:29 15. \\\"Buzz Ntro\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856925\",\n \"text\": \"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \\\"The Harpole Report\\\" and Edward\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918902\",\n \"text\": \"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856928\",\n \"text\": \"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918894\",\n \"text\": \"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347814\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode of \\\"Lost\\\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994147\",\n \"text\": \"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \\\"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\\\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17247248\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787754\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20630614\",\n \"text\": \"in the western United States and Canada with the San Carlo Opera Company. In 1922 she appeared in a radio production of Mozart's \\\"The Impresario\\\". She made recordings for Lyric Records, and for others under the pseudonym \\\"Josepha Donnelli\\\". Later in her career, she taught voice privately and at Sullins College, Brenau College, and Arlington Hall. In 1935 and 1937, she appeared at the Mazica Hall in Miami, Florida, giving \\\"operalogues\\\". Regina Vicarino married businessman George Vest Guyer in 1912. They had a daughter, Regina \\\"Mimi\\\" Vicarino Guyer, born in 1916. George died suddenly in 1922. Regina Vicarino died in\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Vicarino\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5640089\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Think Like a Man Too\\\". She revealed what members of the cast partied the most in the film shortly before the movie's release. \\\"Everyone kind of had their fun, I'm not gonna lie. We went out, we gambled. Kevin [Hart] parties. There were parties, and we all went. It was good fun\\\". In July 2014, it was announced Hall would star in Lifetime film, entitled \\\"With This Ring\\\", with Eve and Jill Scott. In the 2015 film \\\"People Place Things\\\", Hall had a major role as the love interest of a newly divorced man. In 2016, Hall was in\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5640092\",\n \"text\": \"know what it was. Anyway, Bob had a group called the Scleroderma Research Foundation, so I donated to that and my mother even went to the doctor Bob had suggested, who happened to be over at Johns Hopkins.\\\" In 2010, at age 40, Hall unsuccessfully tried to become a nun after a bad break-up. Hall had previously wanted to become a nun at the age of 14. She was refused for being too old, as the cut off age is 39. In 2014, she signed as an ambassador for Elizabeth Taylor's White Diamonds. Hall has also voiced her admiration for\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17247247\",\n \"text\": \"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11942399\",\n \"text\": \"go on the roller coaster, that Charlie is too young to ride. At the end of the show, the audience finds out he is moving to Canada - for good. Although Charlie and Ted fight, the audience can feel the heart-wrenching moment between the two boys when Ted announces his move. The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Circle Repertory Company, running from February 6, 1983 to February 20, 1983. Directed by Joan Micklin Silver, the cast included Julie Bovasso as Anna Trumbul, Christine Estabrook as Elsie, and Robert Joy as Ted. \\\"What I Did Last Summer\\\"was recently produced by\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"973765\",\n \"text\": \"and arts. At various times this has attracted notable artistic talent: the Regina Five were artists at Regina College (the University's predecessor) who gained national fame in the 1950s. The long-established MacKenzie Art Gallery once occupied cramped quarters adjacent to Darke Hall on the University of Regina College Avenue Campus; since relocated to a large building at the southwest corner of the provincial government site, at Albert Street near 23rd Avenue. Donald M. Kendrick, Bob Boyer and Joe Fafard, now with significant international reputations, have been other artists from or once in Regina. The Regina Symphony Orchestra, Canada's oldest continuously\",\n \"title\": \"Regina, Saskatchewan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306941\",\n \"text\": \"a small editorial staff of seven to play and review games based on their content, but also allowed parents to leave comments and reviews under each game describing their thoughts on the game's content and/or their child's reaction to the game. Parents could also submit an age-appropriateness rating, assigned on a scale from 1-17. What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"973777\",\n \"text\": \"League, play their home games at Mosaic Stadium in Regina. Formed in 1910 as the Regina Rugby Club and renamed the Regina Roughriders in 1924 and the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1950, the \\\"Riders\\\" are a community-owned team with a loyal fan support base; every game in the 2008 season was sold out; out-of-town season ticket holders often travel or more to attend home games. The team has won the Grey Cup on four occasions, in 1966, 1989, 2007 and 2013. Other sports teams in Regina include the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, the Regina Thunder of the Canadian\",\n \"title\": \"Regina, Saskatchewan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7263691\",\n \"text\": \"2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \\\"I Saw What You Did\\\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was\",\n \"title\": \"I Saw What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149533\",\n \"text\": \"You Know What You Did \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" is the first episode of the third season of \\\"The Hills\\\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5640087\",\n \"text\": \"while all of the women were not, stating that Morris Chestnut was happily married while walking around \\\"with his shirt off!\\\" Hall appeared in the 2014 film \\\"About Last Night\\\", costarring Kevin Hart. She and Hart were seen as the film's highlight as they had a \\\"great dynamic together\\\" and the two were credited with having the funniest lines in the film. All of the cast was seen as having a \\\"perfect mix of charisma and likability\\\". Jessica Herndon of the \\\"Associated Press\\\" stated \\\"Hart and Hall are the best part of this film. They play the couple you know\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787753\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \\\"Change\\\". The song reached number 22 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12306939\",\n \"text\": \"What They Play What They Play was a video game-centric website aimed at helping parents learn about content in video games, helping them decide what games their children should play. It was the first of several websites to launch under \\\"What They Like, Inc.\\\", other sites featuring books, movies and music followed. The site was launched in 2007 by two former Ziff Davis members Ira Becker, executive vice-president of the Game Group, and ex-1UP.com writer and Senior vice-president of the Game Group John Davison. Davison announced his departure from Ziff in August 2007, with Becker's announcement soon following. The two\",\n \"title\": \"What They Play\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8001773\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake Sherwood Ranch in Thousand Hills, 40 miles northwest of Hollywood. In what had been a cow pasture, designer Fernando Carrere fabricated a storybook Sicilian village which added $800,000 to the production's already elevated $5.5 million budget. Captain Lionel Cash (Dick Shawn), a staff officer under General Max Bolt (Carroll O'Connor),\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17542106\",\n \"text\": \"live. The film is being distributed by MVD Entertainment, and was released on DVD in November 2012. It is also available on iTunes, Hulu, and Video-on-Demand. Writing in Punk News, John Gentile said, \\\"The wilder songs, like 'Audiowhore' where bassist Matt Gentling just gets completely down, stomping around like a T-rex, are nearly berserk, with the band approaching a Stooges-type thrash. 'What Did You Expect?' could pass for Fugazi's wilder side. Gentling just goes nuts on the bass, which is wild. Likewise, the mid-tempo songs like \\\"Freezing Point\\\" have an inherent urgency.\\\" What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect? (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049220\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \\\"The Hunter\\\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \\\"The Hunter\\\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2279766\",\n \"text\": \"Taylor Field (Regina) Taylor Field was an open-air stadium located in Regina, Saskatchewan. It was the home field of the Canadian Football League's Saskatchewan Roughriders from its initial establishment as complete stadium in 1936 until 2016, although the team was playing some of its games at the site as early as 1921. Originally designed to house baseball as well as football, the stadium was converted to a football-only facility in 1966. Taylor Field was also the home field for the University of Regina Rams, who play in U Sports' Canada West conference, the Regina Thunder, who play in the Canadian\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Field (Regina)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15942924\",\n \"text\": \"Regina Gorman Regina Gorman is a camogie player, winner of a Soaring Star award in 2010, a Nancy Murray Cup, a Leinster and an All-Ireland Junior Title with Kildare in 2010. At underage level Regina played all her camogie in the forwards but was selected to play full back for the successful 2010 championship campaign. It was in the full-back position that she received her Soaring Star award. Regina also lined out for the Irish Shinty team which defeated Scotland in October 2010. Regina has also played for Leinster in the past in the inter provincial Gael Linn competitions. She\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Gorman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049221\",\n \"text\": \"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8714685\",\n \"text\": \"Live: You Get What You Play For Live: You Get What You Play For is a live album by rock band REO Speedwagon, released as a double-LP in 1977 (and years later as a single CD omitting \\\"Gary's Guitar Solo\\\" and \\\"Little Queenie\\\"). It was recorded at Memorial Hall in Kansas City, Kansas, the Convention Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, Kiel Auditorium in Saint Louis, Missouri and Alex Cooley's Electric Ballroom in Atlanta, Georgia. It peaked at number #72 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1977. The song \\\"Ridin' the Storm Out\\\" reached #94 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. The album\",\n \"title\": \"Live: You Get What You Play For\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8846630\",\n \"text\": \"Division. The team primarily played out of Pense and Southey until the 2015-2016 season in which they now play all of their home games at the Doug Wickenheiser Arena. Regina Silver Foxes The Regina Silver Foxes currently play in the South Division of the Junior B Prairie Junior Hockey League They were also a Canadian Tier II Junior \\\"A\\\" ice hockey team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. That used to play out of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. As their league finishes attest, the Foxes didn't amount to much in the competitive SJHL, but their ending of a crippling losing streak\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Silver Foxes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13849726\",\n \"text\": \"Regina Pizzeria Regina Pizzeria, also known as Pizzeria Regina, and originally called Regina Pizza, is a regional pizza chain in New England. The company was founded in 1926 by Luigi D'Auria in Boston's North End neighborhood. It has been run by the Polcari family since 1956. The chain is a part of Boston Restaurant Associates and is headquartered in Lynnfield, Massachusetts. The original location, at 11 1/2 Thacher Street in Boston's North End, is still in operation and it is the most popular of all the Regina Pizzeria locations. It has been described as what movie pizzerias strive to look\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Pizzeria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3250609\",\n \"text\": \"station housing 2 Rosenbauer Panther 3000 ARFF as well as a Rosenbauer AirWolf Rescue truck in 2012. In 2012 RAA completed renovations to the existing airport fire hall. Ground transportation to/from the airport is limited to taxi and private vehicles. Regina Public Transit does not serve the airport. Traffic for Regina International Airport has mostly remained stagnant since 2013, hovering around 1,250,000 passengers annually. However, growth is expected in 2018 after experiencing three consecutive months of growth in early 2018. Regina International Airport Regina International Airport is an international airport located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, located south-west and west south-west\",\n \"title\": \"Regina International Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12233214\",\n \"text\": \"she wanted to work with Nicks. The two were brought to Giant Records then-president James Stroud in 1995. Regina Regina released its only album in 1997. The duo's only charting single in the U.S. was \\\"More Than I Wanted to Know\\\", which peaked at No. 53 on \\\"Billboard\\\"s Hot Country Singles & Tracks. Regina Regina Regina Regina was an American country music duo formed in 1995. The duo consisted of female singers Regina Leigh and Regina Nicks, respectively natives of North Carolina and Houston, Texas. Leigh was formerly a backing vocalist in Reba McEntire's road band, while Nicks was a\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5640082\",\n \"text\": \"guest appearance on Sadat X's 1996 album \\\"Wild Cowboys\\\" on the track, \\\"The Interview\\\". In 1997, Hall appeared in her first television commercial at the age of 26. Her television career initially began with a role on the soap opera \\\"Loving\\\", and guest appearances on the Fox police drama \\\"New York Undercover\\\". She had a small part in the 1999 film \\\"The Best Man\\\". She left a lasting impression on viewers with her portrayal of the character Candace \\\"Candy\\\" Sparks. Hall reflected: \\\"It was my very first movie. I met Sanaa Lathan on it, and we did \\\"Love and Basketball\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13686288\",\n \"text\": \"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? \\\"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\\\" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, \\\"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\\\" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18544157\",\n \"text\": \"Darke Hall Darke Hall is a 610 seat performance hall located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The hall was named for Francis Nicholson Darke, the former mayor of Regina. Designed by architect J.H. Pontin, the hall was built in 1928 and had its inaugural concert opening on 6 January 1929. While the hall currently serves as the main performance venue for the Conservatory of Music at the University of Regina, for many years the venue was the city of Regina's main concert hall and the home of the Regina Symphony Orchestra. That changed after the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts opened\",\n \"title\": \"Darke Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17542105\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You Expect?, which made its film festival debut in June, 2012, is a live concert documentary capturing the Archers of Loaf reunion tour, directed by Gorman Bechard. Indie rock icons the Archers of Loaf reunited in 2011, and during the course of their reunion tour played two legendary concerts at Cat's Cradle in Chapel Hill, NC. Combining in-your-face concert footage along with rare interviews of the band, this film by director Gorman Bechard documents those concerts, and captures the excitement and explosive energy of what its like to see this extraordinary band perform\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect? (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16121658\",\n \"text\": \"of Regina in 2002 undertook an energy efficiency audit and environmental upgrade to the building. Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina Queen Elizabeth II Court is the city block containing Regina City Hall, a 16-storey office tower in downtown Regina, Saskatchewan. The city hall is built in the International Style. Opened in 1976, \\\"[t]he construction manager was Poole Construction Limited and the architect, Joseph Pettick. It cost $10.1 million.\\\" It replaced two previous city halls—built in 1885-86 and 1908—and a temporary one in the old post office on 11th Avenue at Cornwall Street. By the time the cornerstone was laid in\",\n \"title\": \"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8001782\",\n \"text\": \"shelved when, during the scene where Captain Cash visits Charlie Company at their chow line, he holds out his hand and one of the GI mess orderly's ladles beans into the captain's hand. The score is by Henry Mancini. It includes \\\"The Swing March\\\" and \\\"In the Arms of Love\\\". What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for the Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn. Filming was at Lake\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16121654\",\n \"text\": \"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina Queen Elizabeth II Court is the city block containing Regina City Hall, a 16-storey office tower in downtown Regina, Saskatchewan. The city hall is built in the International Style. Opened in 1976, \\\"[t]he construction manager was Poole Construction Limited and the architect, Joseph Pettick. It cost $10.1 million.\\\" It replaced two previous city halls—built in 1885-86 and 1908—and a temporary one in the old post office on 11th Avenue at Cornwall Street. By the time the cornerstone was laid in 1906 for the second, the \\\"gingerbread city hall,\\\" \\\"[t]he wooden building which had served as\",\n \"title\": \"Queen Elizabeth II Court, Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5055726\",\n \"text\": \"the Salve Regina were used as a repeating theme in the song \\\"Oh What a Circus\\\" in the musical \\\"Evita\\\", with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. The 1992 comedy film \\\"Sister Act\\\" features a performance of the hymn influenced by rock and roll and gospel music. Salve Regina The Salve Regina (; , meaning \\\"Hail Queen\\\"), also known as the Hail Holy Queen, is a Marian hymn and one of four Marian antiphons sung at different seasons within the Christian liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church. The \\\"Salve Regina\\\" is traditionally sung at Compline in\",\n \"title\": \"Salve Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12233213\",\n \"text\": \"Regina Regina Regina Regina was an American country music duo formed in 1995. The duo consisted of female singers Regina Leigh and Regina Nicks, respectively natives of North Carolina and Houston, Texas. Leigh was formerly a backing vocalist in Reba McEntire's road band, while Nicks was a personal assistant for McEntire and a former member of Dave & Sugar. The two met through the assistance of producer Wally Wilson, who wanted to include Nicks in a female duo. Nicks felt that she was unable to find a suitable singing partner until Leigh heard one of her demos and decided that\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Regina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15142198\",\n \"text\": \"July 1957 (for JHS) and 1962 (for SHS). Regina Pacis Bogor school facilities include classrooms, two libraries, Physics Laboratory (JHS and SHS), Chemistry Laboratory (SHS), Biology Laboratory (JHS and SHS), Electrical Laboratory (SHS), and Computer laboratory (Elementary, JHS, and SHS). The school also has a hall, audiovisual room, basketball field, art room, and cafeteria. Regina Pacis School Regina Pacis School (RP or Recis) is a Catholic educational institution in Indonesia. The name \\\"Regina Pacis\\\" comes from Latin which means \\\"Queen of Peace\\\", referring to the Virgin Mary. The schools are located in Jakarta and Bogor and the educational services include\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Pacis School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16081973\",\n \"text\": \"1897, Brachhausen patented an automatic disc changer, and Regina established a service for installing and maintaining their coin-operated music boxes. Regina boxes were seen as strong profit drivers partially because they created a steady revenue stream, as consumers would buy new discs to play on boxes they had already purchased. For a machine that cost $500, this was a relatively novel idea. Regina shipped 100,000 music boxes between 1892 and 1921, with sales topping out over $2 million a year. The company had 325 employees, and even as Symphonion established an American branch, Regina thrived as the market leader. Competition\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14751693\",\n \"text\": \"Regina Calcaterra Regina M. Calcaterra (born 1966) is an American attorney and journalist for the New York Times. She is a partner at Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman and Herz and formerly served as Deputy General Counsel to the New York State Insurance Fund. Calcaterra was the plaintiff in the case \\\"In Re Parentage Regina M. Calcaterra\\\", the first case of its kind in the United States that allowed an adult child to determine their true parentage via DNA paternity testing. Calcaterra graduated from Seton Hall University School of Law in 1997. Calcaterra served as chief deputy to the Suffolk County\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Calcaterra\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8846628\",\n \"text\": \"Regina Silver Foxes The Regina Silver Foxes currently play in the South Division of the Junior B Prairie Junior Hockey League They were also a Canadian Tier II Junior \\\"A\\\" ice hockey team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. That used to play out of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. As their league finishes attest, the Foxes didn't amount to much in the competitive SJHL, but their ending of a crippling losing streak during the 1974-75 season was major front-page news locally, when the Foxes beat the Moose Jaw Canucks on home ice (their only win that season as it turned out).\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Silver Foxes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13675535\",\n \"text\": \"of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \\\"perverted,\\\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \\\"What They Did to Princess Paragon\\\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the\",\n \"title\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4299756\",\n \"text\": \"Casal, of Ryan Adams and the Cardinals, later listed \\\"What We Did on Our Holidays\\\" as one of his favourite albums of all time. What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \\\"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\\\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did on Our Holidays\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11463660\",\n \"text\": \"Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for \\\"The Guardian\\\", wrote: \\\"The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for \\\"Variety\\\", wrote \\\"...it’s the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening’s best calling card...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones.\\\" It won Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination at the 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards and, although they did\",\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20173010\",\n \"text\": \"Aldrich Family\\\", was broadcast for three seasons. What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \\\"What a Life\\\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \\\"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\\\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936,\",\n \"title\": \"What a Life (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20173007\",\n \"text\": \"What a Life (play) What a Life is a 1938 Broadway play by Clifford Goldsmith. \\\"What a Life\\\" is set in Central High School, with action primarily occurring in the principal's office. The main character, Henry Aldrich, \\\"thinks he is dumb because his father won a Phi Beta Kappa key at college.\\\" During the play, Aldrich faces charges that he caused a disturbance in class and that he stole brass instruments from the band. He also has to deal with a student who bullies him. The play was copyrighted on July 7, 1936, under the title \\\"Enter to Learn\\\". After\",\n \"title\": \"What a Life (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6014704\",\n \"text\": \"passengers than they did in 1940. An important event in the system's history was a fire in its \\\"bus barn\\\" on January 23, 1949 that destroyed 17 trolley coaches, nine gasoline buses, five steel streetcars and nine wooden cars. On September 5, 1950 The last streetcar made its final run through the streets of Regina and the Regina Municipal Railway became the Regina Transit System. Regina Transit provided trolley bus service from 1947 to 1966 using Canada Car and Foundry Brill trolley buses. Since 1955, its preferred transit fleet has been buses because their freedom from overhead lines makes them\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Transit\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17849612\",\n \"text\": \"film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73% rating based on 41 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: \\\"Witty and well-cast, \\\"What We Did on Our Holiday\\\" injects unlikely laughs into a story dealing with dark, difficult themes.\\\" On Metacritic, the film has a 54 out of 100 rating, based on 14 critics. What We Did on Our Holiday What We Did on Our Holiday is a 2014 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The film, starring David Tennant, Rosamund Pike, and Billy\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did on Our Holiday\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17218374\",\n \"text\": \"Regina Regina (album) Regina Regina is the only album by the American country music duo Regina Regina. It was released on Giant Records on January 28, 1997. The album includes the single \\\"More Than I Wanted to Know\\\". Giving it 3 out of 5 stars, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic called the album \\\"an appealing set of contemporary country distinguished by Regina Nicks and Regina Leigh's pure, close harmonies, which help give weight even to the mediocre material that clutters the record.\\\" He thought that the single \\\"More Than I Wanted to Know\\\" was a \\\"highlight\\\". Dan Kuchar of \\\"Country\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Regina (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16214309\",\n \"text\": \"Underwater Sunshine (or What We Did on Our Summer Vacation) Underwater Sunshine (Or What We Did On Our Summer Vacation) is the sixth studio album by American rock band Counting Crows, released on April 10, 2012, on Cooking Vinyl. The album is composed of cover songs, with vocalist Adam Duritz stating, \\\"Sometimes it's great to play someone else's music and try to make it your own. Sometimes it's great just because it's fun.\\\" Produced by both the band and Shawn Dealy, the album features tracks from the 1960s through to the 2010s, and includes songs written by band's early contemporaries,\",\n \"title\": \"Underwater Sunshine (or What We Did on Our Summer Vacation)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19078116\",\n \"text\": \"Ones sought to trade their lives with the heroes, Regina and Emma confronted Hook, reminding him of who he was. Thusly, Hook sacrificed his life to destroy the Darkness, but unknowingly transferred it back into Rumplestiltskin. Later, Regina joined Emma on a mission to the Underworld to revive Hook. Upon her arrival in the Underworld, Cora confronted her daughter, threatening to damn Regina's father Henry for eternity if she did not leave the Underworld. However, when speaking with her father, Regina was advised not to abandon her friends. Instead, Regina confronted her mother. Though Cora attacked her former husband, Henry's\",\n \"title\": \"Regina Mills\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149545\",\n \"text\": \"episode was the network's highest-rated broadcast that year. It was surpassed by \\\"Paris Changes Everything\\\", which served as the premiere for the second half of the season, on March 17, 2008; it attracted 4.8 million viewers in its original airing. In the United States, the third season was released as a four-disc DVD set on July 19, 2008. You Know What You Did \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" is the first episode of the third season of \\\"The Hills\\\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149544\",\n \"text\": \"anything you'd get on \\\"All My Children\\\".\\\" Furthermore, Conrad's delivery of the titular line \\\"You know what you did!\\\" when speaking to Montag has been recognized as an iconic moment from the series; the staff from \\\"Us Weekly\\\" ranked the scene as the most memorable event from the program when recapping highlights from its six seasons in July 2010. In its original broadcast in the United States on August 13, 2007, \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" was watched by 3.6 million viewers. Consequently, it became the series' most-viewed episode at the time of its first airing; as August 2007, the\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338142\",\n \"text\": \"1989–2003\\\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\\\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\\\" single European/UK 12\\\" single UK 12\\\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7263683\",\n \"text\": \"I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was based upon the 1964 novel \\\"Out of the Dark\\\" by Ursula Curtiss. The film was produced and directed by William Castle. When two mischievous teens Libby (Andi Garrett) and Kit (Sara Lane) are home alone with Libby's younger sister\",\n \"title\": \"I Saw What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14693059\",\n \"text\": \"bungee rope is identical to him doing the same on the cover of his newly released album \\\"Escapology\\\". Williams entrance was accompanied by \\\"Let Me Entertain You\\\", a song he often uses as the first song. As he often does, Williams dedicated his 12th song \\\"No Regrets\\\" to his former Take That bandmates Gary Barlow, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, and Howard Donald. The performance of \\\"Back for Good\\\" on the third night by Williams and Owen was not included in the main section of the DVD. What We Did Last Summer What We Did Last Summer – Robbie Williams: Live\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149534\",\n \"text\": \"DiVello, Liz Gateley, Sara Mast, Andrew Perry, Jason Sands, Robyn Schnieders, Sean Travis, Michael \\\"Spike\\\" Van Briesen, and Rick Van Meter. The episode was met with generally favorable reviews from critics, who felt that the changed dynamic between Conrad and Montag was entertaining for television. It was additionally notable for Conrad's delivery of the titular line \\\"You know what you did!\\\" when speaking to Montag, which has since been recognized as an iconic moment from the series. According to Nielsen ratings, \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" was watched by 3.6 million viewers in its original airing. The episode was released\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10674416\",\n \"text\": \"Vivat! Vivat Regina! Vivat! Vivat Regina! is a play written by Robert Bolt. It debuted at Chichester in 1970 and later at the Piccadilly Theatre London. Principal actors were Sarah Miles and Eileen Atkins. The play was directed by Peter Dews and designed by Carl Toms. Richard Pearson also played a role. Later, the play had a successful run on Broadway in 1972. The play tells the story of two rival monarchs who never met: Scotland's Mary, Queen of Scots and her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England. The play's title is Latin for \\\"Long live! Long live the Queen!\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Vivat! Vivat Regina!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918901\",\n \"text\": \"of the young, it is their elders who insist on wriggling away from blame. \\\"What Richard Did\\\" is an engrossing and intelligent drama that throbs in the mind for hours after the final credits\\\". In February 2013, the film picked up five awards at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards including the award for Best Film. Jack Reynor won for Actor Lead Film whilst Lenny Abrahamson and Malcolm Campbell picked up awards for Best Director and Script with Nathan Nugent winning for Editing Film. In May 2013, It won the Golden Tulip (best movie) at The Istanbul International Film\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918899\",\n \"text\": \"Unlike Abrahamson's previous two films, the screenplay for \\\"What Richard Did\\\" was not written by Mark O'Halloran but by Malcolm Campbell. The details of the plot deviate significantly from the source novel. The director worked with the cast for a full year in advance of production while script development was ongoing, holding a series of workshops in an effort to make successive drafts more reflective of contemporary Irish youth culture. Shot on location in Dublin and Wicklow, the film was financed by the Irish Film Board and Screen Scene, and was produced by Element Pictures. At the request of Kevin\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7263690\",\n \"text\": \"in William Castle's egregiously low-budgeted \\\"I Saw What You Did\\\", an attempt at terror starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland.\\\" \\\"Variety\\\" commented, \\\"[The film] is a well-produced, well-acted entry in the suspense-terror field. ... [Crawford's] slightest gesture or expression ... conveys vivid emotion.\\\" \\\"I Saw What You Did\\\" was released by Anchor Bay Entertainment on VHS and Region 1 DVD on August 24, 1999; both releases are long out of print. On May 23, 2014, it was re-released as an exclusive DVD-R by Universal as part of its Universal Vault Series, but in a full frame presentation. On May 17,\",\n \"title\": \"I Saw What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578096\",\n \"text\": \"in her bedroom, makes the best of things and waits, hoping to outgrow her injury. There is no physical therapy – instead Katy is warned to avoid too much movement lest she \\\"set herself back\\\". Cousin Helen manages to travel a little, and even goes for a hydrotherapy water cure at one point, but it is made clear that she has no hope of ever walking again. Two TV movies and a brief TV series have been based on \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The most recent film (1999) starred Alison Pill as Katy, with Megan Follows as Cousin Helen, Michael Cera\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["scary movie","first sunday","danika","paid in full","disappearing acts","malibu's most wanted","scary movie 4","king's ransom","scary movie 3","scary movie 2"],"string":"[\n \"scary movie\",\n \"first sunday\",\n \"danika\",\n \"paid in full\",\n \"disappearing acts\",\n \"malibu's most wanted\",\n \"scary movie 4\",\n \"king's ransom\",\n \"scary movie 3\",\n \"scary movie 2\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1295,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what american penny is worth money?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"4663892","text":"Penny (Canadian coin) In Canada, a penny is a coin worth one cent, or of a dollar. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official national term of the coin is the \"one-cent piece\", but in practice the terms \"penny\" and \"cent\" predominate. Originally, \"penny\" referred to a two-cent coin. When the two-cent coin was discontinued, \"penny\" took over as the new one-cent coin's name. \"Penny\" was likely readily adopted because the previous coinage in Canada (up to 1858) was the British monetary system, where Canada used British pounds, shillings, and pence as coinage alongside U.S. decimal coins and Spanish","title":"Penny (Canadian coin)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4663892\",\n \"text\": \"Penny (Canadian coin) In Canada, a penny is a coin worth one cent, or of a dollar. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official national term of the coin is the \\\"one-cent piece\\\", but in practice the terms \\\"penny\\\" and \\\"cent\\\" predominate. Originally, \\\"penny\\\" referred to a two-cent coin. When the two-cent coin was discontinued, \\\"penny\\\" took over as the new one-cent coin's name. \\\"Penny\\\" was likely readily adopted because the previous coinage in Canada (up to 1858) was the British monetary system, where Canada used British pounds, shillings, and pence as coinage alongside U.S. decimal coins and Spanish\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (Canadian coin)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15736768","text":"games played are: It's Worth What? It's Worth What? is an American television game show that debuted July 19, 2011 on NBC. Hosted by Cedric the Entertainer, the show's primary focus is the cost and value of items. Announcer Dave Mitchell would describe each item that appears on stage. Occasionally on each show, resident licensed appraiser Stuart Whitehurst gives additional information about why an item was worth that much. The series was originally intended to air from July 12, 2011 but this was later changed to July 19. On May 13, 2012, it was announced that \"It's Worth What?\" would","title":"It's Worth What?"},{"psg_id":"15736766","text":"It's Worth What? It's Worth What? is an American television game show that debuted July 19, 2011 on NBC. Hosted by Cedric the Entertainer, the show's primary focus is the cost and value of items. Announcer Dave Mitchell would describe each item that appears on stage. Occasionally on each show, resident licensed appraiser Stuart Whitehurst gives additional information about why an item was worth that much. The series was originally intended to air from July 12, 2011 but this was later changed to July 19. On May 13, 2012, it was announced that \"It's Worth What?\" would not be renewed","title":"It's Worth What?"},{"psg_id":"18189583","text":"at number one, the album fell to number 3 in the third week on chart, with 95,000 units earned in the week ending July 16. By the end of 2015, \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\" had sold 350,000 copies domestically. Notes Sample credits Dreams Worth More Than Money Dreams Worth More Than Money is the second studio album by American rapper Meek Mill. It was released on June 29, 2015, by Maybach Music Group and Atlantic Records. It was initially scheduled for release on September 9, 2014, however, it has been delayed few times due to Meek Mill's revoking of","title":"Dreams Worth More Than Money"},{"psg_id":"18189577","text":"Dreams Worth More Than Money Dreams Worth More Than Money is the second studio album by American rapper Meek Mill. It was released on June 29, 2015, by Maybach Music Group and Atlantic Records. It was initially scheduled for release on September 9, 2014, however, it has been delayed few times due to Meek Mill's revoking of his probation on July 11, 2014, thus sentencing him to jail for 3 to 6 months. The album made its entry at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200; and sold 246,000 album-equivalent units in its first week, with 215,000 coming from traditional","title":"Dreams Worth More Than Money"},{"psg_id":"14074982","text":"Penny (British pre-decimal coin) The pre-decimal penny (1d) was a coin worth of a pound sterling. Its symbol was d, from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one pre-1707 Scottish shilling. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from the late 18th century it was minted in copper, and then after 1860 in bronze. The plural of \"penny\" is \"pence\" when referring to a quantity of money and \"pennies\" when referring to a number of coins. Thus 8d is eight pence, but \"eight","title":"Penny (British pre-decimal coin)"},{"psg_id":"4161763","text":"For What It's Worth \"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\" (often referred to as simply \"For What It's Worth\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, \"Buffalo Springfield\". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written. Although \"For What","title":"For What It's Worth"},{"psg_id":"4161771","text":"\"What's That Sound?\" For What It's Worth \"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\" (often referred to as simply \"For What It's Worth\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, \"Buffalo Springfield\". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written.","title":"For What It's Worth"},{"psg_id":"18911508","text":"across the road from Jones near Saratoga, Texas, and, after a stint in the Coast Guard, tracked Jones down after a show in Beaumont and showed him several poems he had written, instigating a songwriting partnership. Jones and Edwards would collaborate on some of George's biggest early hits, including his second #1 hit \"Tender Years.\" \"What Am I Worth\" peaked at #7 on the country singles chart. Years later, Jones would recut the song again during his tenure with the Musicor label. What Am I Worth \"What Am I Worth\" is a 1956 country music song released by George Jones,","title":"What Am I Worth"},{"psg_id":"18911507","text":"What Am I Worth \"What Am I Worth\" is a 1956 country music song released by George Jones, co-written by Jones and Darrell Edwards. The song was released on January 14, 1956 and was one of the fourteen songs included on Jones' debut album with Starday Records in 1957. \"What Am I Worth\" was written by Jones and Darrell Edwards, who had also collaborated on Jones previous single \"Why Baby Why,\" which became the singer's first national chart hit. According to Bob Allen's book \"George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend\", Edwards had grown up just","title":"What Am I Worth"},{"psg_id":"20270046","text":"year, the Inc. 500 recognized The Penny Hoarder as the No. 1 fastest-growing private media company in 2017. The magazine also ranked the digital publisher 25th fastest-growing private company overall on its list. In December 2017, Entrepreneur Magazine ranked The Penny Hoarder as the No. 72 most entrepreneurial company. The Penny Hoarder The Penny Hoarder is an American personal finance website based in St. Petersburg, Florida. Owned by Taylor Media, The Penny Hoarder publishes multimedia content about the different ways people can make and save money. Founder and CEO Kyle Taylor started the website in 2010. In 2004, Kyle Taylor","title":"The Penny Hoarder"},{"psg_id":"2716581","text":"singer and guitarist in a band called Led Penny. Penny is the co-author of three books, \"Payment Due\" (1996), \"Common Cents: A Retiring Six-Term Congressman Reveals How Congress Really Works — And What We Must Do to Fix It\" (1995), and \"The 15 Biggest Lies in Politics\" (1998). He is the lead author of \"The Road to Generational Equity\", a manifesto that political analyst John Avlon characterizes as radical centrist. Tim Penny Timothy Joseph Penny (born November 19, 1951) is an American author, musician, and former politician from Minnesota. Penny was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor member of the United States House of","title":"Tim Penny"},{"psg_id":"4161768","text":"use of the \"guitar harmonics\" technique and sound. \"For What It's Worth\" quickly became a well-known protest song. In 2006, when interviewed on Tom Kent's radio show \"Into the '70s\", Stills pointed out that many people think the song is about the Kent State shootings of 1970, even though its release predates that event by over three years. Neil Young—Stills' bandmate in both Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY)—would later write \"Ohio\" in response to the events at Kent State. CSNY included a version of \"For What It's Worth\", its lyrics modified to reflect the Kent State","title":"For What It's Worth"},{"psg_id":"15926778","text":"27, 2011, making the televised debut of \"For What It's Worth\", as well as performing her classic \"Edge of Seventeen\". She also performed the single on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" on July 28. On August 26, 2011, Nicks performed \"For What It's Worth\", \"Landslide\", and \"Rhiannon\" on \"Good Morning America\", as part of their \"Summer Concert Series\". For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song) \"For What It's Worth\" is the second single from Stevie Nicks' 2011 album \"In Your Dreams\". The song was released to radio on July 11, 2011, and debuted at No. 25 on the \"Billboard\"","title":"For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song)"},{"psg_id":"19251962","text":"For What It's Worth (game show) For What It's Worth is an antiques game show that aired on BBC One from 4 January to 26 June 2016. It is hosted by Fern Britton, recorded from the second series, in front of an audience. The game starts with three pairs of contestants, each with a picker and a quizzer; in series one they saw an array of sixteen antiques, whereas in series two twelve are laid out, of which one is \"worthless\" (£10 or less) and one is worth £2,500. These values are worked out by the guest and an independent","title":"For What It's Worth (game show)"},{"psg_id":"16669427","text":"– the spirits of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jim Morrison. The rock icons give him bad advice Quinn struggles to understand. For What It's Worth (novel) For What It’s Worth is the tenth book for children by Janet Tashjian. It is a young adult novel published by Henry Holt and Company. The title is taken from the 1967 Buffalo Springfield song of the same name. Quinn is a 14-year-old boy growing up in Laurel Canyon in 1971, the center of the Southern California music scene. He starts a band, finally gets a girlfriend, and continues to add to his","title":"For What It's Worth (novel)"},{"psg_id":"16669426","text":"For What It's Worth (novel) For What It’s Worth is the tenth book for children by Janet Tashjian. It is a young adult novel published by Henry Holt and Company. The title is taken from the 1967 Buffalo Springfield song of the same name. Quinn is a 14-year-old boy growing up in Laurel Canyon in 1971, the center of the Southern California music scene. He starts a band, finally gets a girlfriend, and continues to add to his record collection until he meets a draft dodger and his perfect world falls apart. Through his Ouija board, he contacts Club 27","title":"For What It's Worth (novel)"},{"psg_id":"13142730","text":"Evidence of Penny's affection for Sheldon is apparent in various episodes. Penny takes care of Sheldon while he is ill and lets him stay at her apartment when he is locked out of his, or if he has a bad dream or is feeling unsafe; Sheldon lent her money when she needed it and takes care of her when she dislocates her shoulder. Despite not being as well versed as the men in geek culture, Penny has shown attention to what each of her friends likes, although she still remains dismissive of them: during a Christmas episode, Penny gives Sheldon","title":"Penny (The Big Bang Theory)"},{"psg_id":"6506340","text":"Penny Plunderer The Penny Plunderer (Joe Coyne) is a fictional criminal in the DC Universe, and an adversary of Batman. He first appeared in \"World's Finest Comics\" #30 (September–October 1947). The story was written by uncredited Bill Finger; the art was credited to Bob Kane. Joe Coyne began his career selling newspapers, but he was soon caught stealing pennies. He now commits crimes which center around pennies. In \"The Penny Plunderers\", he leaves Batman and Robin in a deathtrap shaped like a giant penny, with a penny each as a token of their worth - just two cents. Batman turns","title":"Penny Plunderer"},{"psg_id":"4161769","text":"shootings, on their 1971 live album \"4 Way Street\". An all-star version of \"For What It's Worth\" with Tom Petty and others, was played at Buffalo Springfield's induction by Petty to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; Young did not attend. \"For What It's Worth\" has been covered, sampled, and referenced in numerous musical performances. Versions include those by The Staple Singers (US#66 in 1967), Rush, Cher, Oui 3, Queensrÿche (on their album \"Take Cover\"), Public Enemy and Ozzy Osbourne. Cher's 1969 cover did not make the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; AllMusic retrospectively called her version \"mature [and]","title":"For What It's Worth"},{"psg_id":"14073100","text":"someone paid for a good, how much they had to work for that money, what the money was worth, how scarce a particular good was, what role it played in someone's standard of living, what its proportion was as part of social income, and what proportion it was as part of possible social production is a difficult task. This task is made more difficult by conflicting theoretical concepts of worth. One chief problem is the competition between different fundamental conceptions of the division of social product into measurable or theorisable concepts. Marxist and political economic value, neoclassical marginalist, and other","title":"Measuring economic worth over time"},{"psg_id":"20270040","text":"The Penny Hoarder The Penny Hoarder is an American personal finance website based in St. Petersburg, Florida. Owned by Taylor Media, The Penny Hoarder publishes multimedia content about the different ways people can make and save money. Founder and CEO Kyle Taylor started the website in 2010. In 2004, Kyle Taylor was a political science major at the University of South Florida. He campaigned for Working America as a freshman, and later worked for Clean Water Action. The next year, Taylor dropped out ahead of his second semester when he was offered a promotion and opportunity to work on a","title":"The Penny Hoarder"},{"psg_id":"19251967","text":"the picker picks one item to win. The rest of the lots' values are then revealed. They are not told the value of the item they have picked unless it is the top lot or the worthless lot. They are then offered the chance to swap it with the value of another lot which may be more than the top lot's value; the value of the lot they pick is what they go home with. For What It's Worth (game show) For What It's Worth is an antiques game show that aired on BBC One from 4 January to 26","title":"For What It's Worth (game show)"},{"psg_id":"8588570","text":"Price of Progression\". For What It's Worth (EP) For What It's Worth is an EP by New Jersey hardcore punk band, Ensign. It was released in October, 2000 by Nitro Records and was the band's second release for the label following their first full-length album after leaving Indecision Records, \"Cast the First Stone\". It was recorded in June, 2000 in New York City and at the same time the band produced two further tracks which appeared on the \"Death By Stereo/Ensign Split 7\" (EP)\" on Indecision Records in December, 2000. The track, \"Cast In Shadows\" was later re-recorded and appeared","title":"For What It's Worth (EP)"},{"psg_id":"8588567","text":"For What It's Worth (EP) For What It's Worth is an EP by New Jersey hardcore punk band, Ensign. It was released in October, 2000 by Nitro Records and was the band's second release for the label following their first full-length album after leaving Indecision Records, \"Cast the First Stone\". It was recorded in June, 2000 in New York City and at the same time the band produced two further tracks which appeared on the \"Death By Stereo/Ensign Split 7\" (EP)\" on Indecision Records in December, 2000. The track, \"Cast In Shadows\" was later re-recorded and appeared on their next","title":"For What It's Worth (EP)"},{"psg_id":"7728609","text":"the Harrison YouTube channel and other media platforms. A live version of the song, recorded with Eric Clapton and his band in December 1991, is available on Harrison's 1992 album \"Live in Japan\" album. The performance was recorded at Tokyo Dome on 17 December, during the final show of the tour. Part of a concert performance of \"What Is Life\" from Harrison's 1974 North American tour with Shankar is included in Scorsese's \"George Harrison: Living in the Material World\". While challenging the commonly held view that this controversial 1974 tour was a \"disaster\", Simon Leng writes of a Fort Worth","title":"What Is Life"},{"psg_id":"20362379","text":"Penny signed a four-year deal worth $10.7 million featuring a $5.9 million signing bonus. He made his NFL debut in the Seahawks' 27–24 loss to the Denver Broncos in the season opener. He had seven carries for eight yards to go along with four receptions for 35 yards. In a Week 10 loss to the Los Angeles Rams, Penny had a breakout game with 12 carries for 108 yards and a touchdown. Penny has four siblings: Robert Jr., Elijhaa, Breonna, and Brionne. His parents are Desiree and Robert Penny. Penny's older brother Elijhaa is a fullback for the New York","title":"Rashaad Penny"},{"psg_id":"7385899","text":"one English penny. Penny Scots Penny (Scottish Gaelic: \"peighinn\", but see below) was used in Scottish parlance for money generally; for example, a \"penny-fee\" was an expression for wages, a \"penny-maister\" would be a town treasurer, and a \"penny-wedding\" was one where every guest contributed to pay for the event. Meanwhile, penny-wheep was particularly poor beer. The older Scottish Gaelic word for \"penny\" was \"peighinn\". The modern form is \"sgillinn\", literally \"shilling\", which reflects the fact that at the Union with England in 1707, the exchange rate was fixed at twelve Pounds Scots to one Pound Sterling so one shilling","title":"Penny Scots"},{"psg_id":"15841399","text":"the name of the album, Annicharico suggests that the title has a double meaning. 'Penny Ante' was the term Malcolm X used to describe small-time criminals - those not big enough to be taken seriously by criminal gangs. He describes the band's position in the music industry as analogous to 'penny ante' criminals, saying \"we scrape by and do what we can, but we think we run a pretty good hustle as it were.\" Moscow Penny Ante Moscow Penny Ante is the third studio album by American punk rock band Dead to Me, released through Fat Wreck Chords on October","title":"Moscow Penny Ante"},{"psg_id":"7385898","text":"Penny Scots Penny (Scottish Gaelic: \"peighinn\", but see below) was used in Scottish parlance for money generally; for example, a \"penny-fee\" was an expression for wages, a \"penny-maister\" would be a town treasurer, and a \"penny-wedding\" was one where every guest contributed to pay for the event. Meanwhile, penny-wheep was particularly poor beer. The older Scottish Gaelic word for \"penny\" was \"peighinn\". The modern form is \"sgillinn\", literally \"shilling\", which reflects the fact that at the Union with England in 1707, the exchange rate was fixed at twelve Pounds Scots to one Pound Sterling so one shilling Scots exchanged for","title":"Penny Scots"},{"psg_id":"6830419","text":"mentioned two examples of the half penny (not illustrated), both listed in \"Fine\" condition. These two examples have not subsequently resurfaced, and it is worth noting the sale catalog was criticized the following year in an American coin collector's magazine for its extensive typographical errors. Canadian numismatist Pierre-Napoléon Breton illustrated the penny token in his book \"Illustrated History of Coins and Tokens Relating to Canada\" (1890), placing it first among the Quebec series of tokens, and numbering it as 520 in his catalog. In this book he also mentions its origins with Sir Isaac Coffin, and says that the coins","title":"Magdalen Island penny token"},{"psg_id":"13270304","text":"U.S. via iTunes and UK via emusic on 5 May 2009. The single debuted in the UK Singles Chart at No. 97 after it was released exclusively via iTunes. It was nominated for the Kerrang! Award for Best Single. For What It's Worth (Placebo song) \"For What It's Worth\" is the first official single from Placebo's sixth studio album, \"Battle for the Sun\". It was released on 20 April 2009, in a similar fashion to \"Battle for the Sun\"; it first played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 programme, and then was made available as a digital download from iTunes","title":"For What It's Worth (Placebo song)"},{"psg_id":"13270303","text":"For What It's Worth (Placebo song) \"For What It's Worth\" is the first official single from Placebo's sixth studio album, \"Battle for the Sun\". It was released on 20 April 2009, in a similar fashion to \"Battle for the Sun\"; it first played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 programme, and then was made available as a digital download from iTunes and emusic. The single featured a cover of Nik Kershaw's \"Wouldn't It Be Good\" as the B-side. The video for the song was released on the following day, on the band's MySpace page. The single was released in the","title":"For What It's Worth (Placebo song)"},{"psg_id":"1623826","text":"Gold penny The gold penny was a medieval English coin with a value of twenty pence. Until the reign of King Henry III of England (1216–1272), any need in England for coins worth more than one penny, at the time a silver coin, was met by the use of Byzantine or Arabic gold and silver coins which circulated among merchants and traders. However, as commerce increased, so did the need for higher value coins. In 1257 Henry instructed his goldsmith, William of Gloucester, to produce a coinage of pure gold. The gold penny was introduced, with a value of twenty","title":"Gold penny"},{"psg_id":"19910977","text":"about European women. She lived in New York City from 1859 to 1861 to finalize her research and to publish what became the first publication of what jobs were open to women and what wages they might earn. Penny used a systemmatic research method to interview thousands of employers and workers. She used in-person interviews as well as mail-in survey questionnaires, ending up with 533 listings in the first version of her book: \"How women can make money married or single, in all branches of the arts and sciences, professions, trades, agricultural and mechanical pursuits\" (Philadelphia, 1862). Her unique book","title":"Virginia Penny"},{"psg_id":"4231095","text":"Worth (magazine) Worth is an American financial, wealth management and lifestyle magazine founded in 1986 and re-launched by Sandow in 2009. The magazine addresses financial, legal and lifestyle issues for high-net-worth individuals. Each issue is organized into four sections: \"Make\" focuses on making money and entrepreneurship; \"Grow\" centers on wealth management and investing; \"Live\" highlights philanthropy, lifestyle and passion investing; and \"Creator\" covers luxury products, services and experiences. \"Worth\" is mailed six times a year to individuals listed on a proprietary database of high-net-worth households in major markets, including: the New York metropolitan area, Fairfield County, the Delaware Valley, Boston,","title":"Worth (magazine)"},{"psg_id":"4163760","text":"\"Transcript\" maintained what was considered good taste, featuring coverage of literature and the theater. This paper sold for four dollars a year. The penny paper’s largest inspiration came from Charles Knight’s \"The Penny Magazine\" (1832–1845). The main purpose of this magazine was to educate and improve England’s poor, but it was also very popular with Americans. It became a very successful magazine as it attained a circulation of more than 20,000 within a year. Frederic Hudson, one of the first to write about the history of American journalism, believed the rise of the penny press to be a key factor","title":"Penny press"},{"psg_id":"1649325","text":"was, more Anglo-Saxon pennies from the decades around the first millennium have been found in Denmark than in England. In the reign of Ethelred the Unready (978–1016), some 40 million pennies were paid to the Danes, while King Canute (Knut) (1016–1035) paid off his invasion army with another 20 million pennies. This adds up to about of silver, equivalent to £250,000 at the time, and worth about £10 million in money (its purchasing power at that time may have exceeded £100 million and may have been as high as £1 billion in 2005). The penny initially weighed 20 to 22.5","title":"Penny (English coin)"},{"psg_id":"3517997","text":"Penny Arcade (performer) Penny Arcade (born Susana Carmen Ventura, July 15, 1950), is an American performance artist, actress, and playwright based in New York City. Susana Ventura was born in New Britain, Connecticut, and grew up in a working class Italian immigrant family. Her mother was abusive and her father was mentally ill. At age 13 she ran away from home and spent a summer homeless in Provincetown. She was sent to Sacred Heart Academy for Wayward Girls, a reform school, where she was released at age 16. With money stolen from a sandwich shop where she worked, she left","title":"Penny Arcade (performer)"},{"psg_id":"5352220","text":"whose face value exceeds its cost of production, i.e. the intrinsic value is lower than the extrinsic value. This means that the actual worth of a note or coin is much less than what we use it for. The cost of production of token money is less than its actual value, for example with convertible currency, collector notes, souvenirs, coupons, some retired US banknotes and per 1986 banknotes printed in regulation size and only on one side with authorization are actually worth more dollars than when issued. Token money can be useful when there is a shortage of legal tender,","title":"Token money"},{"psg_id":"3086281","text":"though it is unclear what the motive may have been. An assessment of the validity of the find by anthropologist Edmund Snow Carpenter concluded: \"Not proven\". The American Numismatic Society has stated that \"There is no reliable confirmation on the documentation of the Goddard coin, and much circumstantial evidence suggests that someone was deliberately trying to manipulate or obfuscate the situation. The Norse coin from Maine should probably be considered a hoax.\" A November 2017 paper by Norwegian numismatist Svein Gullbeck suggests that the coin is a genuine find. Maine penny The Maine penny, also referred to as the Goddard","title":"Maine penny"},{"psg_id":"14944002","text":"Carter Worth Carter Braxton Worth (born June 15, 1966) is an American financial analyst and stock market strategist. He is a seven-time member of institutional investor's All America Research Team. He was most recently voted #1 in the 2017 Institutional Investor vote, and has ranked in one of the top three positions in the past seven years. Carter is married to Andrée Jill Finkle (January 13, 2007). Worth's weekly market commentary \"Money in Motion\" is known for its utilization of the \"150-day moving average\". Worth graduated from Boston University with a degree in International Relations. Worth began his career as","title":"Carter Worth"},{"psg_id":"20270044","text":"veteran of the Tampa Bay Times (formerly called the St. Petersburg Times) before joining The Penny Hoarder editorial team in August 2016. The Penny Hoarder provides news coverage, personal stories and original reporting with a personal finance angle. There's a focus on reaching underserved readers who make less than the average household income and may feel alienated by most finance publications. The Penny Hoarder typically publishes more than 20 posts a week, with limited publishing on the weekends. Its sections include “Make Money,” “Deals,” “Food,” \"WFH,\" “Smart Money” and “Life.” In addition to written articles on the website, The Penny","title":"The Penny Hoarder"},{"psg_id":"10385240","text":"one of the rarest Australian coins, due to a very small number being minted. It is highly sought after by coin collectors, and a 1930 penny in very fine condition can be worth A$45,000 or more. Other \"hard to get\" years include 1925, 1946 and 1965. The numbers below include specimens and proof issues, where mintage for them is known. Counting these, a total of 814,788,088 (815 million) coins of the denomination were minted during its existence. Penny (Australian coin) The Australian penny was a coin of the Australian pound used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalisation in","title":"Penny (Australian coin)"},{"psg_id":"16232682","text":"it in a special ceremony. It was this feature that led to it being called \"money with a soul.\" European travelers regarded them as a curious form of primitive money, and as a result many were collected and deposited in museums. They continue to be sold on art and curio markets, as well as among numismatists to the present day. Kissi penny Kissi penny, also seen transcribed as kissy or kisi penny or known as guenze, koli, and kilindi, was an iron currency made in Sierra Leone that circulated widely in the immediate vicinity of its production among Gbandi (Bandi),","title":"Kissi penny"},{"psg_id":"4231097","text":"Tim Cook (2011) and U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman, Ben Bernanke (2010). \"Worth\" charges financial advisors $2500 per month for advertorial content to appear in each bimonthly issue. Folio Magazine’s Eddie & Ozzie Awards Worth (magazine) Worth is an American financial, wealth management and lifestyle magazine founded in 1986 and re-launched by Sandow in 2009. The magazine addresses financial, legal and lifestyle issues for high-net-worth individuals. Each issue is organized into four sections: \"Make\" focuses on making money and entrepreneurship; \"Grow\" centers on wealth management and investing; \"Live\" highlights philanthropy, lifestyle and passion investing; and \"Creator\" covers luxury products, services and","title":"Worth (magazine)"},{"psg_id":"13878619","text":"it is worth anything. This has been used when large companies trade securities amongst various entities to create fraudulent profits, and when governments such as Myanmar issue special currencies to foreign aid organizations that cannot be traded on the free market and are therefore not really worth anything. Monopoly money Monopoly money is a type of play money used in the board game \"Monopoly\". It is different from most currencies, including the American currency or British currency upon which it is based, in that it is smaller, one-sided, and comes in different colors. Many variations of \"Monopoly\" exist, with many","title":"Monopoly money"},{"psg_id":"20270041","text":"park bond campaign in Texas. Taylor spent the next several years working on different campaigns across the country. Due to the nature of the work being sporadic and short-lived, he looked for side gigs while on the campaign trail to supplement, or in some cases replace, his income. Taylor returned to Florida after a few years on the road and started accepting gigs on Craigslist. With $50,000 worth of student-loan and credit-card debt, he started The Penny Hoarder to document the different ways he was making money. In 2015, his umbrella company and media startup, Taylor Media, acqui-hired Socialexis, a","title":"The Penny Hoarder"},{"psg_id":"18189581","text":"the current distribution label for Mill's label, Maybach Music Group. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 74, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\", based on 13 reviews. Marcus Dowling of \"HipHopDX\" said, \"\"Dreams Worth More Than Money\" is a slight misfire for Meek Mill, but enough is there the we think he can eventually achieve in his music the high he’s achieved in his personal life. The album debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 246,000 equivalent album units (215,000 in pure album","title":"Dreams Worth More Than Money"},{"psg_id":"15926777","text":"For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song) \"For What It's Worth\" is the second single from Stevie Nicks' 2011 album \"In Your Dreams\". The song was released to radio on July 11, 2011, and debuted at No. 25 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart during the week of September 19, 2011. The music video for the single was released on August 24, 2011. It features Nicks, Michael Campbell, and Dave Stewart riding Nicks' tour bus in the desert. Nicks is also featured in various desert scenes in one of her trademark outfits. Nicks appeared on \"America's Got Talent\" on July","title":"For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song)"},{"psg_id":"13192570","text":"silver from the circulating dimes and quarter dollars of the United States, and most other countries did the same with their coins. The Canadian penny was mostly copper until 1996 and was removed from circulation in the fall of 2012 due to the cost of production relative to face value. In 2007 the Royal Canadian Mint produced a million dollar gold bullion coin and sold five of them. In 2015, the gold in the coins was worth more than 3.5 times the face value. Fiat money originated in 11th century China, and its use became widespread during the Yuan and","title":"Fiat money"},{"psg_id":"10550772","text":"What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money was originally developed, and why gold was chosen as the preferred commodity to use as money. The essay, \"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\" was written by Rothbard as an objective historical account with a provocative title. In contrast, \"The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar\" was an essay with an","title":"What Has Government Done to Our Money?"},{"psg_id":"18189579","text":"I’m gonna help.\" Meek Mill says that he has come to realize there is more to the music industry than wealth, a philosophy which resulted in the album's title, called \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\". In July 2014, Meek Mill released the trailer for the album. On May 10, 2015, Meek Mill released the statement the album track list has been finalized. Eleven new teasers were posted to his instagram page. On Nicki Minaj's official website, she stated that they were filming a music video for his second single from the album, called \"All Eyes on You\". The track features","title":"Dreams Worth More Than Money"},{"psg_id":"1623829","text":"and all knowledge of its prior existence was forgotten. However, in the 1700s, documentation came to light indicating that it had been minted. Inevitably, a few coins escaped the melt—perhaps being lost. Now, a handful of the gold pennies have come to light—possibly eight in all. Gold penny The gold penny was a medieval English coin with a value of twenty pence. Until the reign of King Henry III of England (1216–1272), any need in England for coins worth more than one penny, at the time a silver coin, was met by the use of Byzantine or Arabic gold and","title":"Gold penny"},{"psg_id":"14944005","text":"$159.39 by March 23, 2018. Carter Worth Carter Braxton Worth (born June 15, 1966) is an American financial analyst and stock market strategist. He is a seven-time member of institutional investor's All America Research Team. He was most recently voted #1 in the 2017 Institutional Investor vote, and has ranked in one of the top three positions in the past seven years. Carter is married to Andrée Jill Finkle (January 13, 2007). Worth's weekly market commentary \"Money in Motion\" is known for its utilization of the \"150-day moving average\". Worth graduated from Boston University with a degree in International Relations.","title":"Carter Worth"},{"psg_id":"5553547","text":"to have been the most widely viewed religious series in the history of television. Prior to \"Life Is Worth Living\", Sheen had appeared on the radio program \"The Catholic Hour\" from 1928 to 1952. With his hypnotic gaze, disarming smile, and dramatic delivery, Sheen was deemed a natural for television. Airing opposite NBC's highly popular Milton Berle show on Tuesday nights, Sheen was the only person to give \"Mr. Television\", also known as \"Uncle Miltie\", a run for his money. Sheen drew as many as 10 million viewers each week. Sheen and Berle enjoyed a friendly rivalry. Berle is reported","title":"Life Is Worth Living"},{"psg_id":"6886396","text":"Life Is Worth Losing Life Is Worth Losing is the 18th album and thirteenth HBO special by American comedian George Carlin. It was recorded simultaneously with the live broadcast of the HBO special of the same title, his 13th HBO stand-up comedy special, and was his final special recorded from the Beacon Theater. It is the first project Carlin had undertaken since completing drug rehabilitation in 2005. Early on in the program, Carlin proudly announces that he was 341 days sober at the time of the recording, and that 2006 would be his 50th year in show business. A DVD","title":"Life Is Worth Losing"},{"psg_id":"18780198","text":"It also screened at the 4th Okinawa International Movie Festival in 2012. Penny Pinchers Penny Pinchers (; lit. \"Penny-Pinching Romance\" or \"Saving Up for Romance\") is a 2011 South Korean romantic comedy film written and directed Kim Jung-hwan, starring Han Ye-seul and Song Joong-ki. Kim received a Best New Director nomination at the 48th Baeksang Arts Awards in 2012. Chun Ji-woong is an unemployed college graduate who continually fails job interviews and lives off an allowance from his mother, who runs a small restaurant in the countryside. Ji-woong is an eternal optimist, but having no money is cramping his dating","title":"Penny Pinchers"},{"psg_id":"18780195","text":"Penny Pinchers Penny Pinchers (; lit. \"Penny-Pinching Romance\" or \"Saving Up for Romance\") is a 2011 South Korean romantic comedy film written and directed Kim Jung-hwan, starring Han Ye-seul and Song Joong-ki. Kim received a Best New Director nomination at the 48th Baeksang Arts Awards in 2012. Chun Ji-woong is an unemployed college graduate who continually fails job interviews and lives off an allowance from his mother, who runs a small restaurant in the countryside. Ji-woong is an eternal optimist, but having no money is cramping his dating life when he can't even afford to buy a pack of condoms.","title":"Penny Pinchers"},{"psg_id":"6886397","text":"of the show was released on February 27, 2007 by MPI Home Video. The album was nominated for Best Comedy Album for the 49th Annual Grammy Awards making it his seventh album to be nominated for a Grammy award since 1966. It lost to Lewis Black's The Carnegie Hall Performance. Life Is Worth Losing Life Is Worth Losing is the 18th album and thirteenth HBO special by American comedian George Carlin. It was recorded simultaneously with the live broadcast of the HBO special of the same title, his 13th HBO stand-up comedy special, and was his final special recorded from","title":"Life Is Worth Losing"},{"psg_id":"5553553","text":"title, composer, or orchestra performing the song. Although Kreisler did record a version of this classical composition, it was arranged at a faster tempo and was therefore not the version used for the series. Life Is Worth Living Life is Worth Living is an inspirational American television series which ran on the DuMont Television Network from February 12, 1952, to April 26, 1955, then on ABC until 1957, featuring the Venerable Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen. (Similar series, also featuring Sheen, followed in 1958–61 and 1961–68.) Hosted by Bishop (later Archbishop) Fulton J. Sheen, the series consisted of Sheen speaking to","title":"Life Is Worth Living"},{"psg_id":"5553545","text":"Life Is Worth Living Life is Worth Living is an inspirational American television series which ran on the DuMont Television Network from February 12, 1952, to April 26, 1955, then on ABC until 1957, featuring the Venerable Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen. (Similar series, also featuring Sheen, followed in 1958–61 and 1961–68.) Hosted by Bishop (later Archbishop) Fulton J. Sheen, the series consisted of Sheen speaking to the camera and discussing moral issues of the day, often using blackboard drawings and lists to help explain the topic. When the blackboard was filled he would move to another part of the set,","title":"Life Is Worth Living"},{"psg_id":"5037587","text":"about Worth. Worth flatly denied that he had anything to do with various crimes, saying that the last robbery had been a stupid act he had committed out of a need for money. All the other accusations, including those by British and American police, were mere hearsay. He claimed that his wealth came out of legal gambling. In the end, Worth was sentenced to seven years for robbery and was sent to Leuven prison. During Worth's first year in jail, Shinburn hired other inmates to beat Worth up. Later, Worth heard that Johnny Curtin, who was supposed to have taken","title":"Adam Worth"},{"psg_id":"4161767","text":"here, for what it's worth, if you want it.\" Another producer, Charlie Greene, claims that Stills first said the above line to him, but credits Ahmet Ertegun with giving the single the parenthetical subtitle \"Stop, Hey What's That Sound\" in order that the song would be more easily recognized. The song was recorded on December 5, 1966 at Columbia Studios, Hollywood. Tom Dowd claims he mixed the song at Atlantic's studio in New York, though this has been disputed. Dowd did take part in the production of Cher's version of the song in 1969. The song is distinguished with the","title":"For What It's Worth"},{"psg_id":"1264583","text":"time of Henry II, but the weight and value of the silver penny steadily declined from 1300 onwards. In 1257, Henry III minted a gold penny which had the nominal value of 1 shilling eightpence (i.e., 20 d.). At first, the coin proved unpopular because it was overvalued for its weight; by 1265 it was so undervalued—the bullion value of its gold being worth 2 shillings (i.e., 24 d.) by then—that the coins still in circulation were almost entirely melted down for the value of their gold. Only eight gold pennies are known to survive. It was not until the","title":"Penny"},{"psg_id":"13400003","text":"Penny Princess Penny Princess is a 1952 British Technicolor comedy written and directed by Val Guest for his own production company, Conquest Productions. The film stars his future wife Yolande Donlan, who was Guest's production company partner, and features Reginald Beckwith, the other partner in Conquest Productions. Dirk Bogarde plays the leading man. \"Penny Princess\" was filmed in Catalonia, the first British production to be filmed in Spain. The fictional European microstate of Lampidorra has \"no taxes, no quotas, no tariffs, no forms to fill in\". Its two thousand residents make their money from the national (and legal) profession of","title":"Penny Princess"},{"psg_id":"13723992","text":"was fired on June 7, 2009 over a scandal involving failing to open more than $5.5 million worth of contracts to competitive bids. Ballem's partner, Olympic medalist Marion Lay, was a major backer of the Vancouver Olympics. Penny Ballem Penny Janet Drury Ballem, was the city manager for the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from 2008 to 2015 and served as a member of the VANOC board of directors, corporate director for Bentall Capital G.P. Ltd., as well as a senior adviser to RPO Management Consultants. She is a physician and clinical professor at the University of British Columbia","title":"Penny Ballem"},{"psg_id":"1420319","text":"is more than the face value of the coin. After reaching a peak cost of 2.41 cents in 2011 due to the significant rise in global metal demand and prices, recently the cost has declined to 1.83 cents for 2013. In the 2014 fiscal year, the cost to produce a penny declined even further to 1.70 cents. When copper reached a record high in February 2011, the melt value of a 95% copper penny was more than three times its face value. As of January 21, 2014, a pre-1982 penny contained 2.20325 cents' worth of copper and zinc, making it","title":"Penny (United States coin)"},{"psg_id":"20112815","text":"was signed to the practice squad the next day. On September 19, 2018, Penny was signed by the New York Giants off the Cardinals' practice squad. Penny is the older brother of Seattle Seahawks running back Rashaad Penny. Elijhaa Penny Elijhaa Penny (born August 17, 1993) is an American football fullback for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals after going undrafted in the 2016 NFL Draft. He played college football at Idaho and Cerritos College. Penny attended and played high school football at Norwalk High School. Penny played in","title":"Elijhaa Penny"},{"psg_id":"15841398","text":"Moscow Penny Ante Moscow Penny Ante is the third studio album by American punk rock band Dead to Me, released through Fat Wreck Chords on October 25, 2011. In an interview before the album's release, band member, Tyson Annicharico, stated his pride in the album. He suggested that this pride came from the band's musical variety. He believes that the band cannot be \"pigeon-holed\" into one genre but was able to experiment musically. A review on R5 Productions supported this view, commenting, \"as usual, it’s nothing less than the exact opposite of what you’d expect from Dead To Me.\" On","title":"Moscow Penny Ante"},{"psg_id":"13575851","text":"Penny Wolin Penny Wolin (born June 5, 1953), also known as Penny Diane Wolin and Penny Wolin-Semple, is an American portrait photographer and a visual anthropologist. She has exhibited solo at the Smithsonian Institution and is the recipient of two grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and one grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. Her work is held in the permanent collections of such institutions as the Layton Art Collection at the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Santa Barbara Museum of Art, the New York Public Library and the American Art Museum, administered by the Smithsonian Institution.","title":"Penny Wolin"},{"psg_id":"20589750","text":"implementing the plan by the chief.\" Since 2017, he also stars in his own reality series \"Penny Ahee\" on Mzansi Magic, which was commissioned after a successful appearance as a judge on \"Clash of the Choirs\". Penny Penny has one wife and 18 children. Penny Penny Giyani Kulani (born in Limpopo in 1962), better known by his stage name Penny Penny is a South African musician and politician, known affectionately as the \"Shangaan Disco King\" for the musical style he helped popularise. He was the youngest of 68 children from a local doctor with 25 wives. His family was poor,","title":"Penny Penny"},{"psg_id":"17290307","text":"American. The expansion Philadelphia KiXX selected Penny in the Territorial Round of the NPSL Amateur Draft as the first player they signed. In the spring of 1997, Penny moved to the Hershey Wildcats of the USISL A-League. While playing, he also pursued a graduate degree in education at Pennsylvania State University. Since his retirement from playing, Penny is a full professor and teaches at West Chester University College of Education. Penny is married and they have three boys together. Chris Penny Chris Penny is an English retired footballer who played professionally in the USL A-League and National Professional Soccer League.","title":"Chris Penny"},{"psg_id":"10385238","text":"Penny (Australian coin) The Australian penny was a coin of the Australian pound used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalisation in 1966. It was worth one-twelfth of an Australian shilling and 1/240 of an Australian pound. The coin was equivalent in its dimensions, composition and value to the British penny, as the two currencies were fixed at par. The coin was first introduced in 1911, and stopped being minted in 1965, with the introduction of decimalisation. When decimalisation happened on 14 February 1966, the coin value was equal to 0.8333¢. The obverse of the coin featured the reigning","title":"Penny (Australian coin)"},{"psg_id":"6314729","text":"2016, he declared in an interview: \"I think the whole idea of the helicopter money is downright devastating. For this is nothing more than a declaration of bankruptcy of the monetary policy\" Richard Koo makes a similar argument when saying \"if such envelopes arrived day after day, the entire country would quickly fall into a panic as people lose all sense of what their currency is worth.\" This clashes with the argument that people would not spend much of the money they receive (and therefore helicopter money cannot be inflationary). Several prominent economist such as central banker Raghuram Rajan are","title":"Helicopter money"},{"psg_id":"8826842","text":"\"Give Me Money\" / \"Sour Suite\". Side One: \"Hound Dog\" / \"She Does\" / \"Turn To Me\" / \"Caledonian Mission\" / \"Currency\" / \"Your Way To Tell Me Go\". Side Two: \"Celebrity Ball\" / \"Baby You're Not To Blame\" / \"I Want You\" / \"Take Me Back\" / \"Genevieve\" / \"Give Me Money\". Plastic Penny Plastic Penny was an English 1960s pop band, formed in November 1967 before splitting up in August 1969. The group had one hit single, early in 1968, with the song \"Everything I Am\". Most of the members went on to greater fame with other bands","title":"Plastic Penny"},{"psg_id":"4473777","text":"and has lyrics that are almost entirely rewritten. Money (That's What I Want) \"Money (That's What I Want)\" is a song written by Tamla founder Berry Gordy and Janie Bradford that became the first hit record for Gordy's Motown enterprise. The song was recorded in 1959 by Barrett Strong for the Tamla label, distributed nationally on Anna Records. It went on to be covered by many artists, including the Beatles in 1963 and the Flying Lizards in 1979. The song was originally recorded by Barrett Strong and released on Tamla in August 1959. Anna Records was operated by Gwen Gordy,","title":"Money (That's What I Want)"},{"psg_id":"4473769","text":"Money (That's What I Want) \"Money (That's What I Want)\" is a song written by Tamla founder Berry Gordy and Janie Bradford that became the first hit record for Gordy's Motown enterprise. The song was recorded in 1959 by Barrett Strong for the Tamla label, distributed nationally on Anna Records. It went on to be covered by many artists, including the Beatles in 1963 and the Flying Lizards in 1979. The song was originally recorded by Barrett Strong and released on Tamla in August 1959. Anna Records was operated by Gwen Gordy, Anna Gordy and Roquel \"Billy\" Davis. Gwen and","title":"Money (That's What I Want)"},{"psg_id":"4151169","text":"on an axle mounted through a steel-bolstered wooden handle. Penny knife The penny knife dates from the 18th century and was a very basic utility knife, originally with a fixed blade. It received the name \"penny knife\" for what it reportedly cost in England and America during the late 18th century: one penny. The famous \"Fuller's Penny Knife\" helped build the reputation of Sheffield, England, cutlers in the pre-industrial era of the early 18th century. The \"penny knife\" would later evolve into a very simple, mass-produced pocketknife with a folding blade, which pivoted freely in and out of the handle","title":"Penny knife"},{"psg_id":"4151167","text":"Penny knife The penny knife dates from the 18th century and was a very basic utility knife, originally with a fixed blade. It received the name \"penny knife\" for what it reportedly cost in England and America during the late 18th century: one penny. The famous \"Fuller's Penny Knife\" helped build the reputation of Sheffield, England, cutlers in the pre-industrial era of the early 18th century. The \"penny knife\" would later evolve into a very simple, mass-produced pocketknife with a folding blade, which pivoted freely in and out of the handle without a backspring or other device to hold it","title":"Penny knife"},{"psg_id":"13055151","text":"Greg Penny Greg Penny (born October 12, 1955 in Hollywood, California) is an American record producer, recording engineer, mixing engineer, musician, songwriter and artist best known for his work as a producer for Elton John and k.d. lang. He is currently the president of Flower Records and partner at Siwa Productions, Tokyo. The son of pop singer Sue Thompson and country musician Hank Penny, Penny was familiar with recording studios from a young age. In 1989, Penny recorded, mixed and produced k.d. lang's Grammy-winning album \"Absolute Torch and Twang\". Penny and k.d. lang collaborated again in 1992 with \"Ingénue\", which","title":"Greg Penny"},{"psg_id":"13204917","text":"moments, between the perception and recognition of what is seen, are precisely visualized through the meditative way in which Worth uses his camera.\" Worth is the creator of several collections. Don Worth Don Worth (June 2, 1924 – March 18, 2009) was an American photographer. His childhood on an Iowa farm inspired an abiding love of exotic horticulture, which later became the primary focus of his photography. He attended Juilliard as well as the Manhattan School of Music, receiving a graduate degree in piano and composition in 1951. During college, he began photographing and eventually became Ansel Adams' first full-time","title":"Don Worth"},{"psg_id":"4294572","text":"what they grew up skating.\" During the early 2000s, Penny reappeared in Flip's videos, \"Sorry\", \"Really Sorry\" and \"Extremely Sorry\". As of 2013, Penny is sponsored by: In a 2012 interview, Penny identified the five skateboarders that have been the most influential throughout his career: Daewon Song, Rodney Mullen, Danny Way, Chad Muska and Steve Caballero. He also acknowledged contemporary influences, such as Quim Cardona, Paulo Diaz and Sean Sheffey—\"People that are slightly interesting; make it more fun; make it more enjoyable; more original skateboarders; stylish skateboarders\". Professional skateboarder Chad Muska, has explained his experience of skateboarding with Tom Penny","title":"Tom Penny"},{"psg_id":"4889076","text":"known for making 10 pound notes that feature Princess Diana's portrait in place of the Queen, while \"Bank of England\" is replaced by \"Banksy of England\". The artist's original intent was to throw them off a building, but after some of the notes were dropped at a festival he discovered that they could pass for legal tender and changed his mind. As of 2012, Banksy is still in possession of all one hundred million pounds' worth of the currency. In 2006, American artist Jack Daws hired metalsmiths to make a mold of a 1970 U.S. penny and cast it in","title":"Counterfeit money"},{"psg_id":"10550781","text":"readjustment called recessions. Rothbard states that many European governments went bankrupt due to World War I, and how they left the gold standard in order to try to solve their financial issues. He also argues that this strategy was partially responsible for World War II, and led to economic problems throughout the world. What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money","title":"What Has Government Done to Our Money?"},{"psg_id":"4874594","text":"Joe Penny Joseph Edward Penny Jr. (born 24 June 1956) is an Italian/English-born American actor best known for his roles as Nick Ryder on the detective series \"Riptide\" from 1984 to 1986, and as Jake Styles in the CBS television series \"Jake and the Fatman\" from 1987 to 1992. Penny was born in Uxbridge, London to an American father, Joseph Edward Penny, Sr., and an Italian mother. He was brought up in Marietta, Georgia. After his parents divorced, he moved to California with his mother. He attended Marina High School in Huntington Beach, California, where he played football and basketball.","title":"Joe Penny"},{"psg_id":"13055153","text":"mix of Elton John's \"Honky Château\". He is the president of Flower Records, producing records by Twin Trip and Poperetta. Greg Penny Greg Penny (born October 12, 1955 in Hollywood, California) is an American record producer, recording engineer, mixing engineer, musician, songwriter and artist best known for his work as a producer for Elton John and k.d. lang. He is currently the president of Flower Records and partner at Siwa Productions, Tokyo. The son of pop singer Sue Thompson and country musician Hank Penny, Penny was familiar with recording studios from a young age. In 1989, Penny recorded, mixed and","title":"Greg Penny"},{"psg_id":"17727286","text":"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight \"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight\" is a song by American alternative rock band Switchfoot, released on September 17, 2013 on the band's \"Fading West EP\". The song serves as one of two lead singles (alongside \"Who We Are\") from Switchfoot's ninth studio album \"Fading West\", which was released on January 14, 2014. A music video for \"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight\" was released on October 1, 2013. It consists of scenes shot for the band's rock documentary film \"Fading West\", directed by Matt Katsolis. They were filmed during Switchfoot's 2012 World Tour,","title":"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight"},{"psg_id":"14075005","text":"relates to coins minted with that particular mint mark. \"H\" refers to the Heaton Mint, and \"KN\" to the King's Norton Mint, both of which were contracted to mint supplemental pennies on occasion. From 1825 to 1970 a total of 3,629,384,952 pennies were minted. Penny (British pre-decimal coin) The pre-decimal penny (1d) was a coin worth of a pound sterling. Its symbol was d, from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one pre-1707 Scottish shilling. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from","title":"Penny (British pre-decimal coin)"},{"psg_id":"19196299","text":"Steve Penny Stephen D. Penny, Jr. (born 1964) is an American businessman and sports administrator. Penny was President and CEO of USA Gymnastics from April 4, 2005 to March 16, 2017, and is a key figure in the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal. Penny joined USA Gymnastics in March 1999 as the Senior Vice President, overseeing a variety of areas focused on business development. Within a few years, his responsibilities grew to oversee the marketing, sponsorship, event operations, television and communications, including the management of the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Anaheim, California. Penny began his career in sports","title":"Steve Penny"},{"psg_id":"19196294","text":"Steve Penny Stephen D. Penny, Jr. (born 1964) is an American businessman and sports administrator. Penny was President and CEO of USA Gymnastics from April 4, 2005 to March 16, 2017, and is a key figure in the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal. Penny joined USA Gymnastics in March 1999 as the Senior Vice President, overseeing a variety of areas focused on business development. Within a few years, his responsibilities grew to oversee the marketing, sponsorship, event operations, television and communications, including the management of the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Anaheim, California. Penny began his career in sports","title":"Steve Penny"},{"psg_id":"9724837","text":"The album also peaked at number 45 on the Top Album Sales \"Billboard\" chart, and stayed on the chart for six weeks. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"All Money Is Legal\". Sample credits Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"All Money Is Legal\" and AllMusic: All Money Is Legal All Money Is Legal, also known as A.M.I.L.: (All Money Is Legal), is the debut studio album by American rapper Amil. It was released on August 29, 2000, through Roc-A-Fella, Columbia, and Sony Music. Rapper Jay-Z and music executive Damon Dash served as its executive producers with Amil.","title":"All Money Is Legal"},{"psg_id":"4161770","text":"forceful\". David Cassidy recorded an extended live version for his 1974 album \"Cassidy Live!\" (Bell Records, UK #9; recorded live in Great Britain in May 1974). The track features extensive and complex lead-guitar solos by Cassidy himself. The hip-hop group Public Enemy sampled \"For What It's Worth\" on their 1998 song \"He Got Game\", which also featured Stephen Stills. Oui 3 adapted the song for their 1993 debut single of the same name, which reached number 26 in the UK chart. In 2017, Haley Reinhart released a cover of the song as the third single from her third studio album,","title":"For What It's Worth"},{"psg_id":"4161766","text":"police) gathered to protest against the curfew's enforcement. Although the rallies began peacefully, trouble eventually broke out. The unrest continued the next night, and periodically throughout the rest of November and December, forcing some clubs to shut down within weeks. It was against the background of these civil disturbances that Stills recorded \"For What It's Worth\" on December 5, 1966. Stills said in an interview that the name of the song came about when he presented it to the record company executive Ahmet Ertegun (who signed Buffalo Springfield to the Atlantic Records-owned ATCO label). Stills said: \"I have this song","title":"For What It's Worth"},{"psg_id":"20589746","text":"Penny Penny Giyani Kulani (born in Limpopo in 1962), better known by his stage name Penny Penny is a South African musician and politician, known affectionately as the \"Shangaan Disco King\" for the musical style he helped popularise. He was the youngest of 68 children from a local doctor with 25 wives. His family was poor, meaning he received no education, but he soon became known for his dancing and was nicknamed Penny. Aged 19, he worked on a West Driefontein goldmine near Carletonville, and soon left to escape the region's poor working conditions, although he did win several breakdancing","title":"Penny Penny"},{"psg_id":"6660420","text":"list, but he rejoined the Dodgers on April 24, 2005, and proceeded to have a solid season. On June 12, 2005, Penny signed a three-year contract extension worth a guaranteed $25 million and a team option for the 2009 season. Penny was named by Houston Astros manager Phil Garner as the National League's starting pitcher in the 2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. He hurled two innings, allowing one home run to Vladimir Guerrero, striking out the side (Ichiro Suzuki, Derek Jeter, and David Ortiz) in the first inning, and receiving a no-decision. On September 23, 2006, against the Arizona","title":"Brad Penny"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15736768\",\n \"text\": \"games played are: It's Worth What? It's Worth What? is an American television game show that debuted July 19, 2011 on NBC. Hosted by Cedric the Entertainer, the show's primary focus is the cost and value of items. Announcer Dave Mitchell would describe each item that appears on stage. Occasionally on each show, resident licensed appraiser Stuart Whitehurst gives additional information about why an item was worth that much. The series was originally intended to air from July 12, 2011 but this was later changed to July 19. On May 13, 2012, it was announced that \\\"It's Worth What?\\\" would\",\n \"title\": \"It's Worth What?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15736766\",\n \"text\": \"It's Worth What? It's Worth What? is an American television game show that debuted July 19, 2011 on NBC. Hosted by Cedric the Entertainer, the show's primary focus is the cost and value of items. Announcer Dave Mitchell would describe each item that appears on stage. Occasionally on each show, resident licensed appraiser Stuart Whitehurst gives additional information about why an item was worth that much. The series was originally intended to air from July 12, 2011 but this was later changed to July 19. On May 13, 2012, it was announced that \\\"It's Worth What?\\\" would not be renewed\",\n \"title\": \"It's Worth What?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18189583\",\n \"text\": \"at number one, the album fell to number 3 in the third week on chart, with 95,000 units earned in the week ending July 16. By the end of 2015, \\\"Dreams Worth More Than Money\\\" had sold 350,000 copies domestically. Notes Sample credits Dreams Worth More Than Money Dreams Worth More Than Money is the second studio album by American rapper Meek Mill. It was released on June 29, 2015, by Maybach Music Group and Atlantic Records. It was initially scheduled for release on September 9, 2014, however, it has been delayed few times due to Meek Mill's revoking of\",\n \"title\": \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18189577\",\n \"text\": \"Dreams Worth More Than Money Dreams Worth More Than Money is the second studio album by American rapper Meek Mill. It was released on June 29, 2015, by Maybach Music Group and Atlantic Records. It was initially scheduled for release on September 9, 2014, however, it has been delayed few times due to Meek Mill's revoking of his probation on July 11, 2014, thus sentencing him to jail for 3 to 6 months. The album made its entry at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200; and sold 246,000 album-equivalent units in its first week, with 215,000 coming from traditional\",\n \"title\": \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14074982\",\n \"text\": \"Penny (British pre-decimal coin) The pre-decimal penny (1d) was a coin worth of a pound sterling. Its symbol was d, from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one pre-1707 Scottish shilling. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from the late 18th century it was minted in copper, and then after 1860 in bronze. The plural of \\\"penny\\\" is \\\"pence\\\" when referring to a quantity of money and \\\"pennies\\\" when referring to a number of coins. Thus 8d is eight pence, but \\\"eight\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (British pre-decimal coin)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4161763\",\n \"text\": \"For What It's Worth \\\"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\\\" (often referred to as simply \\\"For What It's Worth\\\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, \\\"Buffalo Springfield\\\". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written. Although \\\"For What\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4161771\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"What's That Sound?\\\" For What It's Worth \\\"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)\\\" (often referred to as simply \\\"For What It's Worth\\\") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, \\\"Buffalo Springfield\\\". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written.\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18911508\",\n \"text\": \"across the road from Jones near Saratoga, Texas, and, after a stint in the Coast Guard, tracked Jones down after a show in Beaumont and showed him several poems he had written, instigating a songwriting partnership. Jones and Edwards would collaborate on some of George's biggest early hits, including his second #1 hit \\\"Tender Years.\\\" \\\"What Am I Worth\\\" peaked at #7 on the country singles chart. Years later, Jones would recut the song again during his tenure with the Musicor label. What Am I Worth \\\"What Am I Worth\\\" is a 1956 country music song released by George Jones,\",\n \"title\": \"What Am I Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18911507\",\n \"text\": \"What Am I Worth \\\"What Am I Worth\\\" is a 1956 country music song released by George Jones, co-written by Jones and Darrell Edwards. The song was released on January 14, 1956 and was one of the fourteen songs included on Jones' debut album with Starday Records in 1957. \\\"What Am I Worth\\\" was written by Jones and Darrell Edwards, who had also collaborated on Jones previous single \\\"Why Baby Why,\\\" which became the singer's first national chart hit. According to Bob Allen's book \\\"George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend\\\", Edwards had grown up just\",\n \"title\": \"What Am I Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20270046\",\n \"text\": \"year, the Inc. 500 recognized The Penny Hoarder as the No. 1 fastest-growing private media company in 2017. The magazine also ranked the digital publisher 25th fastest-growing private company overall on its list. In December 2017, Entrepreneur Magazine ranked The Penny Hoarder as the No. 72 most entrepreneurial company. The Penny Hoarder The Penny Hoarder is an American personal finance website based in St. Petersburg, Florida. Owned by Taylor Media, The Penny Hoarder publishes multimedia content about the different ways people can make and save money. Founder and CEO Kyle Taylor started the website in 2010. In 2004, Kyle Taylor\",\n \"title\": \"The Penny Hoarder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2716581\",\n \"text\": \"singer and guitarist in a band called Led Penny. Penny is the co-author of three books, \\\"Payment Due\\\" (1996), \\\"Common Cents: A Retiring Six-Term Congressman Reveals How Congress Really Works — And What We Must Do to Fix It\\\" (1995), and \\\"The 15 Biggest Lies in Politics\\\" (1998). He is the lead author of \\\"The Road to Generational Equity\\\", a manifesto that political analyst John Avlon characterizes as radical centrist. Tim Penny Timothy Joseph Penny (born November 19, 1951) is an American author, musician, and former politician from Minnesota. Penny was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor member of the United States House of\",\n \"title\": \"Tim Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4161768\",\n \"text\": \"use of the \\\"guitar harmonics\\\" technique and sound. \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" quickly became a well-known protest song. In 2006, when interviewed on Tom Kent's radio show \\\"Into the '70s\\\", Stills pointed out that many people think the song is about the Kent State shootings of 1970, even though its release predates that event by over three years. Neil Young—Stills' bandmate in both Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY)—would later write \\\"Ohio\\\" in response to the events at Kent State. CSNY included a version of \\\"For What It's Worth\\\", its lyrics modified to reflect the Kent State\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15926778\",\n \"text\": \"27, 2011, making the televised debut of \\\"For What It's Worth\\\", as well as performing her classic \\\"Edge of Seventeen\\\". She also performed the single on \\\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\\\" on July 28. On August 26, 2011, Nicks performed \\\"For What It's Worth\\\", \\\"Landslide\\\", and \\\"Rhiannon\\\" on \\\"Good Morning America\\\", as part of their \\\"Summer Concert Series\\\". For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song) \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" is the second single from Stevie Nicks' 2011 album \\\"In Your Dreams\\\". The song was released to radio on July 11, 2011, and debuted at No. 25 on the \\\"Billboard\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19251962\",\n \"text\": \"For What It's Worth (game show) For What It's Worth is an antiques game show that aired on BBC One from 4 January to 26 June 2016. It is hosted by Fern Britton, recorded from the second series, in front of an audience. The game starts with three pairs of contestants, each with a picker and a quizzer; in series one they saw an array of sixteen antiques, whereas in series two twelve are laid out, of which one is \\\"worthless\\\" (£10 or less) and one is worth £2,500. These values are worked out by the guest and an independent\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (game show)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16669427\",\n \"text\": \"– the spirits of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jim Morrison. The rock icons give him bad advice Quinn struggles to understand. For What It's Worth (novel) For What It’s Worth is the tenth book for children by Janet Tashjian. It is a young adult novel published by Henry Holt and Company. The title is taken from the 1967 Buffalo Springfield song of the same name. Quinn is a 14-year-old boy growing up in Laurel Canyon in 1971, the center of the Southern California music scene. He starts a band, finally gets a girlfriend, and continues to add to his\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16669426\",\n \"text\": \"For What It's Worth (novel) For What It’s Worth is the tenth book for children by Janet Tashjian. It is a young adult novel published by Henry Holt and Company. The title is taken from the 1967 Buffalo Springfield song of the same name. Quinn is a 14-year-old boy growing up in Laurel Canyon in 1971, the center of the Southern California music scene. He starts a band, finally gets a girlfriend, and continues to add to his record collection until he meets a draft dodger and his perfect world falls apart. Through his Ouija board, he contacts Club 27\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13142730\",\n \"text\": \"Evidence of Penny's affection for Sheldon is apparent in various episodes. Penny takes care of Sheldon while he is ill and lets him stay at her apartment when he is locked out of his, or if he has a bad dream or is feeling unsafe; Sheldon lent her money when she needed it and takes care of her when she dislocates her shoulder. Despite not being as well versed as the men in geek culture, Penny has shown attention to what each of her friends likes, although she still remains dismissive of them: during a Christmas episode, Penny gives Sheldon\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (The Big Bang Theory)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6506340\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Plunderer The Penny Plunderer (Joe Coyne) is a fictional criminal in the DC Universe, and an adversary of Batman. He first appeared in \\\"World's Finest Comics\\\" #30 (September–October 1947). The story was written by uncredited Bill Finger; the art was credited to Bob Kane. Joe Coyne began his career selling newspapers, but he was soon caught stealing pennies. He now commits crimes which center around pennies. In \\\"The Penny Plunderers\\\", he leaves Batman and Robin in a deathtrap shaped like a giant penny, with a penny each as a token of their worth - just two cents. Batman turns\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Plunderer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4161769\",\n \"text\": \"shootings, on their 1971 live album \\\"4 Way Street\\\". An all-star version of \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" with Tom Petty and others, was played at Buffalo Springfield's induction by Petty to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; Young did not attend. \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" has been covered, sampled, and referenced in numerous musical performances. Versions include those by The Staple Singers (US#66 in 1967), Rush, Cher, Oui 3, Queensrÿche (on their album \\\"Take Cover\\\"), Public Enemy and Ozzy Osbourne. Cher's 1969 cover did not make the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100; AllMusic retrospectively called her version \\\"mature [and]\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14073100\",\n \"text\": \"someone paid for a good, how much they had to work for that money, what the money was worth, how scarce a particular good was, what role it played in someone's standard of living, what its proportion was as part of social income, and what proportion it was as part of possible social production is a difficult task. This task is made more difficult by conflicting theoretical concepts of worth. One chief problem is the competition between different fundamental conceptions of the division of social product into measurable or theorisable concepts. Marxist and political economic value, neoclassical marginalist, and other\",\n \"title\": \"Measuring economic worth over time\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20270040\",\n \"text\": \"The Penny Hoarder The Penny Hoarder is an American personal finance website based in St. Petersburg, Florida. Owned by Taylor Media, The Penny Hoarder publishes multimedia content about the different ways people can make and save money. Founder and CEO Kyle Taylor started the website in 2010. In 2004, Kyle Taylor was a political science major at the University of South Florida. He campaigned for Working America as a freshman, and later worked for Clean Water Action. The next year, Taylor dropped out ahead of his second semester when he was offered a promotion and opportunity to work on a\",\n \"title\": \"The Penny Hoarder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19251967\",\n \"text\": \"the picker picks one item to win. The rest of the lots' values are then revealed. They are not told the value of the item they have picked unless it is the top lot or the worthless lot. They are then offered the chance to swap it with the value of another lot which may be more than the top lot's value; the value of the lot they pick is what they go home with. For What It's Worth (game show) For What It's Worth is an antiques game show that aired on BBC One from 4 January to 26\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (game show)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8588570\",\n \"text\": \"Price of Progression\\\". For What It's Worth (EP) For What It's Worth is an EP by New Jersey hardcore punk band, Ensign. It was released in October, 2000 by Nitro Records and was the band's second release for the label following their first full-length album after leaving Indecision Records, \\\"Cast the First Stone\\\". It was recorded in June, 2000 in New York City and at the same time the band produced two further tracks which appeared on the \\\"Death By Stereo/Ensign Split 7\\\" (EP)\\\" on Indecision Records in December, 2000. The track, \\\"Cast In Shadows\\\" was later re-recorded and appeared\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (EP)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8588567\",\n \"text\": \"For What It's Worth (EP) For What It's Worth is an EP by New Jersey hardcore punk band, Ensign. It was released in October, 2000 by Nitro Records and was the band's second release for the label following their first full-length album after leaving Indecision Records, \\\"Cast the First Stone\\\". It was recorded in June, 2000 in New York City and at the same time the band produced two further tracks which appeared on the \\\"Death By Stereo/Ensign Split 7\\\" (EP)\\\" on Indecision Records in December, 2000. The track, \\\"Cast In Shadows\\\" was later re-recorded and appeared on their next\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (EP)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7728609\",\n \"text\": \"the Harrison YouTube channel and other media platforms. A live version of the song, recorded with Eric Clapton and his band in December 1991, is available on Harrison's 1992 album \\\"Live in Japan\\\" album. The performance was recorded at Tokyo Dome on 17 December, during the final show of the tour. Part of a concert performance of \\\"What Is Life\\\" from Harrison's 1974 North American tour with Shankar is included in Scorsese's \\\"George Harrison: Living in the Material World\\\". While challenging the commonly held view that this controversial 1974 tour was a \\\"disaster\\\", Simon Leng writes of a Fort Worth\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Life\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20362379\",\n \"text\": \"Penny signed a four-year deal worth $10.7 million featuring a $5.9 million signing bonus. He made his NFL debut in the Seahawks' 27–24 loss to the Denver Broncos in the season opener. He had seven carries for eight yards to go along with four receptions for 35 yards. In a Week 10 loss to the Los Angeles Rams, Penny had a breakout game with 12 carries for 108 yards and a touchdown. Penny has four siblings: Robert Jr., Elijhaa, Breonna, and Brionne. His parents are Desiree and Robert Penny. Penny's older brother Elijhaa is a fullback for the New York\",\n \"title\": \"Rashaad Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7385899\",\n \"text\": \"one English penny. Penny Scots Penny (Scottish Gaelic: \\\"peighinn\\\", but see below) was used in Scottish parlance for money generally; for example, a \\\"penny-fee\\\" was an expression for wages, a \\\"penny-maister\\\" would be a town treasurer, and a \\\"penny-wedding\\\" was one where every guest contributed to pay for the event. Meanwhile, penny-wheep was particularly poor beer. The older Scottish Gaelic word for \\\"penny\\\" was \\\"peighinn\\\". The modern form is \\\"sgillinn\\\", literally \\\"shilling\\\", which reflects the fact that at the Union with England in 1707, the exchange rate was fixed at twelve Pounds Scots to one Pound Sterling so one shilling\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Scots\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15841399\",\n \"text\": \"the name of the album, Annicharico suggests that the title has a double meaning. 'Penny Ante' was the term Malcolm X used to describe small-time criminals - those not big enough to be taken seriously by criminal gangs. He describes the band's position in the music industry as analogous to 'penny ante' criminals, saying \\\"we scrape by and do what we can, but we think we run a pretty good hustle as it were.\\\" Moscow Penny Ante Moscow Penny Ante is the third studio album by American punk rock band Dead to Me, released through Fat Wreck Chords on October\",\n \"title\": \"Moscow Penny Ante\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7385898\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Scots Penny (Scottish Gaelic: \\\"peighinn\\\", but see below) was used in Scottish parlance for money generally; for example, a \\\"penny-fee\\\" was an expression for wages, a \\\"penny-maister\\\" would be a town treasurer, and a \\\"penny-wedding\\\" was one where every guest contributed to pay for the event. Meanwhile, penny-wheep was particularly poor beer. The older Scottish Gaelic word for \\\"penny\\\" was \\\"peighinn\\\". The modern form is \\\"sgillinn\\\", literally \\\"shilling\\\", which reflects the fact that at the Union with England in 1707, the exchange rate was fixed at twelve Pounds Scots to one Pound Sterling so one shilling Scots exchanged for\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Scots\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6830419\",\n \"text\": \"mentioned two examples of the half penny (not illustrated), both listed in \\\"Fine\\\" condition. These two examples have not subsequently resurfaced, and it is worth noting the sale catalog was criticized the following year in an American coin collector's magazine for its extensive typographical errors. Canadian numismatist Pierre-Napoléon Breton illustrated the penny token in his book \\\"Illustrated History of Coins and Tokens Relating to Canada\\\" (1890), placing it first among the Quebec series of tokens, and numbering it as 520 in his catalog. In this book he also mentions its origins with Sir Isaac Coffin, and says that the coins\",\n \"title\": \"Magdalen Island penny token\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13270304\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. via iTunes and UK via emusic on 5 May 2009. The single debuted in the UK Singles Chart at No. 97 after it was released exclusively via iTunes. It was nominated for the Kerrang! Award for Best Single. For What It's Worth (Placebo song) \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" is the first official single from Placebo's sixth studio album, \\\"Battle for the Sun\\\". It was released on 20 April 2009, in a similar fashion to \\\"Battle for the Sun\\\"; it first played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 programme, and then was made available as a digital download from iTunes\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (Placebo song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13270303\",\n \"text\": \"For What It's Worth (Placebo song) \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" is the first official single from Placebo's sixth studio album, \\\"Battle for the Sun\\\". It was released on 20 April 2009, in a similar fashion to \\\"Battle for the Sun\\\"; it first played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 programme, and then was made available as a digital download from iTunes and emusic. The single featured a cover of Nik Kershaw's \\\"Wouldn't It Be Good\\\" as the B-side. The video for the song was released on the following day, on the band's MySpace page. The single was released in the\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (Placebo song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1623826\",\n \"text\": \"Gold penny The gold penny was a medieval English coin with a value of twenty pence. Until the reign of King Henry III of England (1216–1272), any need in England for coins worth more than one penny, at the time a silver coin, was met by the use of Byzantine or Arabic gold and silver coins which circulated among merchants and traders. However, as commerce increased, so did the need for higher value coins. In 1257 Henry instructed his goldsmith, William of Gloucester, to produce a coinage of pure gold. The gold penny was introduced, with a value of twenty\",\n \"title\": \"Gold penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19910977\",\n \"text\": \"about European women. She lived in New York City from 1859 to 1861 to finalize her research and to publish what became the first publication of what jobs were open to women and what wages they might earn. Penny used a systemmatic research method to interview thousands of employers and workers. She used in-person interviews as well as mail-in survey questionnaires, ending up with 533 listings in the first version of her book: \\\"How women can make money married or single, in all branches of the arts and sciences, professions, trades, agricultural and mechanical pursuits\\\" (Philadelphia, 1862). Her unique book\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4231095\",\n \"text\": \"Worth (magazine) Worth is an American financial, wealth management and lifestyle magazine founded in 1986 and re-launched by Sandow in 2009. The magazine addresses financial, legal and lifestyle issues for high-net-worth individuals. Each issue is organized into four sections: \\\"Make\\\" focuses on making money and entrepreneurship; \\\"Grow\\\" centers on wealth management and investing; \\\"Live\\\" highlights philanthropy, lifestyle and passion investing; and \\\"Creator\\\" covers luxury products, services and experiences. \\\"Worth\\\" is mailed six times a year to individuals listed on a proprietary database of high-net-worth households in major markets, including: the New York metropolitan area, Fairfield County, the Delaware Valley, Boston,\",\n \"title\": \"Worth (magazine)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4163760\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Transcript\\\" maintained what was considered good taste, featuring coverage of literature and the theater. This paper sold for four dollars a year. The penny paper’s largest inspiration came from Charles Knight’s \\\"The Penny Magazine\\\" (1832–1845). The main purpose of this magazine was to educate and improve England’s poor, but it was also very popular with Americans. It became a very successful magazine as it attained a circulation of more than 20,000 within a year. Frederic Hudson, one of the first to write about the history of American journalism, believed the rise of the penny press to be a key factor\",\n \"title\": \"Penny press\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1649325\",\n \"text\": \"was, more Anglo-Saxon pennies from the decades around the first millennium have been found in Denmark than in England. In the reign of Ethelred the Unready (978–1016), some 40 million pennies were paid to the Danes, while King Canute (Knut) (1016–1035) paid off his invasion army with another 20 million pennies. This adds up to about of silver, equivalent to £250,000 at the time, and worth about £10 million in money (its purchasing power at that time may have exceeded £100 million and may have been as high as £1 billion in 2005). The penny initially weighed 20 to 22.5\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (English coin)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3517997\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Arcade (performer) Penny Arcade (born Susana Carmen Ventura, July 15, 1950), is an American performance artist, actress, and playwright based in New York City. Susana Ventura was born in New Britain, Connecticut, and grew up in a working class Italian immigrant family. Her mother was abusive and her father was mentally ill. At age 13 she ran away from home and spent a summer homeless in Provincetown. She was sent to Sacred Heart Academy for Wayward Girls, a reform school, where she was released at age 16. With money stolen from a sandwich shop where she worked, she left\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Arcade (performer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5352220\",\n \"text\": \"whose face value exceeds its cost of production, i.e. the intrinsic value is lower than the extrinsic value. This means that the actual worth of a note or coin is much less than what we use it for. The cost of production of token money is less than its actual value, for example with convertible currency, collector notes, souvenirs, coupons, some retired US banknotes and per 1986 banknotes printed in regulation size and only on one side with authorization are actually worth more dollars than when issued. Token money can be useful when there is a shortage of legal tender,\",\n \"title\": \"Token money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3086281\",\n \"text\": \"though it is unclear what the motive may have been. An assessment of the validity of the find by anthropologist Edmund Snow Carpenter concluded: \\\"Not proven\\\". The American Numismatic Society has stated that \\\"There is no reliable confirmation on the documentation of the Goddard coin, and much circumstantial evidence suggests that someone was deliberately trying to manipulate or obfuscate the situation. The Norse coin from Maine should probably be considered a hoax.\\\" A November 2017 paper by Norwegian numismatist Svein Gullbeck suggests that the coin is a genuine find. Maine penny The Maine penny, also referred to as the Goddard\",\n \"title\": \"Maine penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14944002\",\n \"text\": \"Carter Worth Carter Braxton Worth (born June 15, 1966) is an American financial analyst and stock market strategist. He is a seven-time member of institutional investor's All America Research Team. He was most recently voted #1 in the 2017 Institutional Investor vote, and has ranked in one of the top three positions in the past seven years. Carter is married to Andrée Jill Finkle (January 13, 2007). Worth's weekly market commentary \\\"Money in Motion\\\" is known for its utilization of the \\\"150-day moving average\\\". Worth graduated from Boston University with a degree in International Relations. Worth began his career as\",\n \"title\": \"Carter Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20270044\",\n \"text\": \"veteran of the Tampa Bay Times (formerly called the St. Petersburg Times) before joining The Penny Hoarder editorial team in August 2016. The Penny Hoarder provides news coverage, personal stories and original reporting with a personal finance angle. There's a focus on reaching underserved readers who make less than the average household income and may feel alienated by most finance publications. The Penny Hoarder typically publishes more than 20 posts a week, with limited publishing on the weekends. Its sections include “Make Money,” “Deals,” “Food,” \\\"WFH,\\\" “Smart Money” and “Life.” In addition to written articles on the website, The Penny\",\n \"title\": \"The Penny Hoarder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10385240\",\n \"text\": \"one of the rarest Australian coins, due to a very small number being minted. It is highly sought after by coin collectors, and a 1930 penny in very fine condition can be worth A$45,000 or more. Other \\\"hard to get\\\" years include 1925, 1946 and 1965. The numbers below include specimens and proof issues, where mintage for them is known. Counting these, a total of 814,788,088 (815 million) coins of the denomination were minted during its existence. Penny (Australian coin) The Australian penny was a coin of the Australian pound used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalisation in\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (Australian coin)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16232682\",\n \"text\": \"it in a special ceremony. It was this feature that led to it being called \\\"money with a soul.\\\" European travelers regarded them as a curious form of primitive money, and as a result many were collected and deposited in museums. They continue to be sold on art and curio markets, as well as among numismatists to the present day. Kissi penny Kissi penny, also seen transcribed as kissy or kisi penny or known as guenze, koli, and kilindi, was an iron currency made in Sierra Leone that circulated widely in the immediate vicinity of its production among Gbandi (Bandi),\",\n \"title\": \"Kissi penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4231097\",\n \"text\": \"Tim Cook (2011) and U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman, Ben Bernanke (2010). \\\"Worth\\\" charges financial advisors $2500 per month for advertorial content to appear in each bimonthly issue. Folio Magazine’s Eddie & Ozzie Awards Worth (magazine) Worth is an American financial, wealth management and lifestyle magazine founded in 1986 and re-launched by Sandow in 2009. The magazine addresses financial, legal and lifestyle issues for high-net-worth individuals. Each issue is organized into four sections: \\\"Make\\\" focuses on making money and entrepreneurship; \\\"Grow\\\" centers on wealth management and investing; \\\"Live\\\" highlights philanthropy, lifestyle and passion investing; and \\\"Creator\\\" covers luxury products, services and\",\n \"title\": \"Worth (magazine)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13878619\",\n \"text\": \"it is worth anything. This has been used when large companies trade securities amongst various entities to create fraudulent profits, and when governments such as Myanmar issue special currencies to foreign aid organizations that cannot be traded on the free market and are therefore not really worth anything. Monopoly money Monopoly money is a type of play money used in the board game \\\"Monopoly\\\". It is different from most currencies, including the American currency or British currency upon which it is based, in that it is smaller, one-sided, and comes in different colors. Many variations of \\\"Monopoly\\\" exist, with many\",\n \"title\": \"Monopoly money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20270041\",\n \"text\": \"park bond campaign in Texas. Taylor spent the next several years working on different campaigns across the country. Due to the nature of the work being sporadic and short-lived, he looked for side gigs while on the campaign trail to supplement, or in some cases replace, his income. Taylor returned to Florida after a few years on the road and started accepting gigs on Craigslist. With $50,000 worth of student-loan and credit-card debt, he started The Penny Hoarder to document the different ways he was making money. In 2015, his umbrella company and media startup, Taylor Media, acqui-hired Socialexis, a\",\n \"title\": \"The Penny Hoarder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18189581\",\n \"text\": \"the current distribution label for Mill's label, Maybach Music Group. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 74, which indicates \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\", based on 13 reviews. Marcus Dowling of \\\"HipHopDX\\\" said, \\\"\\\"Dreams Worth More Than Money\\\" is a slight misfire for Meek Mill, but enough is there the we think he can eventually achieve in his music the high he’s achieved in his personal life. The album debuted at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, selling 246,000 equivalent album units (215,000 in pure album\",\n \"title\": \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15926777\",\n \"text\": \"For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song) \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" is the second single from Stevie Nicks' 2011 album \\\"In Your Dreams\\\". The song was released to radio on July 11, 2011, and debuted at No. 25 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Adult Contemporary chart during the week of September 19, 2011. The music video for the single was released on August 24, 2011. It features Nicks, Michael Campbell, and Dave Stewart riding Nicks' tour bus in the desert. Nicks is also featured in various desert scenes in one of her trademark outfits. Nicks appeared on \\\"America's Got Talent\\\" on July\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13192570\",\n \"text\": \"silver from the circulating dimes and quarter dollars of the United States, and most other countries did the same with their coins. The Canadian penny was mostly copper until 1996 and was removed from circulation in the fall of 2012 due to the cost of production relative to face value. In 2007 the Royal Canadian Mint produced a million dollar gold bullion coin and sold five of them. In 2015, the gold in the coins was worth more than 3.5 times the face value. Fiat money originated in 11th century China, and its use became widespread during the Yuan and\",\n \"title\": \"Fiat money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10550772\",\n \"text\": \"What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money was originally developed, and why gold was chosen as the preferred commodity to use as money. The essay, \\\"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\\\" was written by Rothbard as an objective historical account with a provocative title. In contrast, \\\"The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar\\\" was an essay with an\",\n \"title\": \"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18189579\",\n \"text\": \"I’m gonna help.\\\" Meek Mill says that he has come to realize there is more to the music industry than wealth, a philosophy which resulted in the album's title, called \\\"Dreams Worth More Than Money\\\". In July 2014, Meek Mill released the trailer for the album. On May 10, 2015, Meek Mill released the statement the album track list has been finalized. Eleven new teasers were posted to his instagram page. On Nicki Minaj's official website, she stated that they were filming a music video for his second single from the album, called \\\"All Eyes on You\\\". The track features\",\n \"title\": \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1623829\",\n \"text\": \"and all knowledge of its prior existence was forgotten. However, in the 1700s, documentation came to light indicating that it had been minted. Inevitably, a few coins escaped the melt—perhaps being lost. Now, a handful of the gold pennies have come to light—possibly eight in all. Gold penny The gold penny was a medieval English coin with a value of twenty pence. Until the reign of King Henry III of England (1216–1272), any need in England for coins worth more than one penny, at the time a silver coin, was met by the use of Byzantine or Arabic gold and\",\n \"title\": \"Gold penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14944005\",\n \"text\": \"$159.39 by March 23, 2018. Carter Worth Carter Braxton Worth (born June 15, 1966) is an American financial analyst and stock market strategist. He is a seven-time member of institutional investor's All America Research Team. He was most recently voted #1 in the 2017 Institutional Investor vote, and has ranked in one of the top three positions in the past seven years. Carter is married to Andrée Jill Finkle (January 13, 2007). Worth's weekly market commentary \\\"Money in Motion\\\" is known for its utilization of the \\\"150-day moving average\\\". Worth graduated from Boston University with a degree in International Relations.\",\n \"title\": \"Carter Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5553547\",\n \"text\": \"to have been the most widely viewed religious series in the history of television. Prior to \\\"Life Is Worth Living\\\", Sheen had appeared on the radio program \\\"The Catholic Hour\\\" from 1928 to 1952. With his hypnotic gaze, disarming smile, and dramatic delivery, Sheen was deemed a natural for television. Airing opposite NBC's highly popular Milton Berle show on Tuesday nights, Sheen was the only person to give \\\"Mr. Television\\\", also known as \\\"Uncle Miltie\\\", a run for his money. Sheen drew as many as 10 million viewers each week. Sheen and Berle enjoyed a friendly rivalry. Berle is reported\",\n \"title\": \"Life Is Worth Living\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6886396\",\n \"text\": \"Life Is Worth Losing Life Is Worth Losing is the 18th album and thirteenth HBO special by American comedian George Carlin. It was recorded simultaneously with the live broadcast of the HBO special of the same title, his 13th HBO stand-up comedy special, and was his final special recorded from the Beacon Theater. It is the first project Carlin had undertaken since completing drug rehabilitation in 2005. Early on in the program, Carlin proudly announces that he was 341 days sober at the time of the recording, and that 2006 would be his 50th year in show business. A DVD\",\n \"title\": \"Life Is Worth Losing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18780198\",\n \"text\": \"It also screened at the 4th Okinawa International Movie Festival in 2012. Penny Pinchers Penny Pinchers (; lit. \\\"Penny-Pinching Romance\\\" or \\\"Saving Up for Romance\\\") is a 2011 South Korean romantic comedy film written and directed Kim Jung-hwan, starring Han Ye-seul and Song Joong-ki. Kim received a Best New Director nomination at the 48th Baeksang Arts Awards in 2012. Chun Ji-woong is an unemployed college graduate who continually fails job interviews and lives off an allowance from his mother, who runs a small restaurant in the countryside. Ji-woong is an eternal optimist, but having no money is cramping his dating\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Pinchers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18780195\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Pinchers Penny Pinchers (; lit. \\\"Penny-Pinching Romance\\\" or \\\"Saving Up for Romance\\\") is a 2011 South Korean romantic comedy film written and directed Kim Jung-hwan, starring Han Ye-seul and Song Joong-ki. Kim received a Best New Director nomination at the 48th Baeksang Arts Awards in 2012. Chun Ji-woong is an unemployed college graduate who continually fails job interviews and lives off an allowance from his mother, who runs a small restaurant in the countryside. Ji-woong is an eternal optimist, but having no money is cramping his dating life when he can't even afford to buy a pack of condoms.\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Pinchers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6886397\",\n \"text\": \"of the show was released on February 27, 2007 by MPI Home Video. The album was nominated for Best Comedy Album for the 49th Annual Grammy Awards making it his seventh album to be nominated for a Grammy award since 1966. It lost to Lewis Black's The Carnegie Hall Performance. Life Is Worth Losing Life Is Worth Losing is the 18th album and thirteenth HBO special by American comedian George Carlin. It was recorded simultaneously with the live broadcast of the HBO special of the same title, his 13th HBO stand-up comedy special, and was his final special recorded from\",\n \"title\": \"Life Is Worth Losing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5553553\",\n \"text\": \"title, composer, or orchestra performing the song. Although Kreisler did record a version of this classical composition, it was arranged at a faster tempo and was therefore not the version used for the series. Life Is Worth Living Life is Worth Living is an inspirational American television series which ran on the DuMont Television Network from February 12, 1952, to April 26, 1955, then on ABC until 1957, featuring the Venerable Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen. (Similar series, also featuring Sheen, followed in 1958–61 and 1961–68.) Hosted by Bishop (later Archbishop) Fulton J. Sheen, the series consisted of Sheen speaking to\",\n \"title\": \"Life Is Worth Living\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5553545\",\n \"text\": \"Life Is Worth Living Life is Worth Living is an inspirational American television series which ran on the DuMont Television Network from February 12, 1952, to April 26, 1955, then on ABC until 1957, featuring the Venerable Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen. (Similar series, also featuring Sheen, followed in 1958–61 and 1961–68.) Hosted by Bishop (later Archbishop) Fulton J. Sheen, the series consisted of Sheen speaking to the camera and discussing moral issues of the day, often using blackboard drawings and lists to help explain the topic. When the blackboard was filled he would move to another part of the set,\",\n \"title\": \"Life Is Worth Living\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5037587\",\n \"text\": \"about Worth. Worth flatly denied that he had anything to do with various crimes, saying that the last robbery had been a stupid act he had committed out of a need for money. All the other accusations, including those by British and American police, were mere hearsay. He claimed that his wealth came out of legal gambling. In the end, Worth was sentenced to seven years for robbery and was sent to Leuven prison. During Worth's first year in jail, Shinburn hired other inmates to beat Worth up. Later, Worth heard that Johnny Curtin, who was supposed to have taken\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4161767\",\n \"text\": \"here, for what it's worth, if you want it.\\\" Another producer, Charlie Greene, claims that Stills first said the above line to him, but credits Ahmet Ertegun with giving the single the parenthetical subtitle \\\"Stop, Hey What's That Sound\\\" in order that the song would be more easily recognized. The song was recorded on December 5, 1966 at Columbia Studios, Hollywood. Tom Dowd claims he mixed the song at Atlantic's studio in New York, though this has been disputed. Dowd did take part in the production of Cher's version of the song in 1969. The song is distinguished with the\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1264583\",\n \"text\": \"time of Henry II, but the weight and value of the silver penny steadily declined from 1300 onwards. In 1257, Henry III minted a gold penny which had the nominal value of 1 shilling eightpence (i.e., 20 d.). At first, the coin proved unpopular because it was overvalued for its weight; by 1265 it was so undervalued—the bullion value of its gold being worth 2 shillings (i.e., 24 d.) by then—that the coins still in circulation were almost entirely melted down for the value of their gold. Only eight gold pennies are known to survive. It was not until the\",\n \"title\": \"Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13400003\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Princess Penny Princess is a 1952 British Technicolor comedy written and directed by Val Guest for his own production company, Conquest Productions. The film stars his future wife Yolande Donlan, who was Guest's production company partner, and features Reginald Beckwith, the other partner in Conquest Productions. Dirk Bogarde plays the leading man. \\\"Penny Princess\\\" was filmed in Catalonia, the first British production to be filmed in Spain. The fictional European microstate of Lampidorra has \\\"no taxes, no quotas, no tariffs, no forms to fill in\\\". Its two thousand residents make their money from the national (and legal) profession of\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13723992\",\n \"text\": \"was fired on June 7, 2009 over a scandal involving failing to open more than $5.5 million worth of contracts to competitive bids. Ballem's partner, Olympic medalist Marion Lay, was a major backer of the Vancouver Olympics. Penny Ballem Penny Janet Drury Ballem, was the city manager for the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from 2008 to 2015 and served as a member of the VANOC board of directors, corporate director for Bentall Capital G.P. Ltd., as well as a senior adviser to RPO Management Consultants. She is a physician and clinical professor at the University of British Columbia\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Ballem\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1420319\",\n \"text\": \"is more than the face value of the coin. After reaching a peak cost of 2.41 cents in 2011 due to the significant rise in global metal demand and prices, recently the cost has declined to 1.83 cents for 2013. In the 2014 fiscal year, the cost to produce a penny declined even further to 1.70 cents. When copper reached a record high in February 2011, the melt value of a 95% copper penny was more than three times its face value. As of January 21, 2014, a pre-1982 penny contained 2.20325 cents' worth of copper and zinc, making it\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (United States coin)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20112815\",\n \"text\": \"was signed to the practice squad the next day. On September 19, 2018, Penny was signed by the New York Giants off the Cardinals' practice squad. Penny is the older brother of Seattle Seahawks running back Rashaad Penny. Elijhaa Penny Elijhaa Penny (born August 17, 1993) is an American football fullback for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals after going undrafted in the 2016 NFL Draft. He played college football at Idaho and Cerritos College. Penny attended and played high school football at Norwalk High School. Penny played in\",\n \"title\": \"Elijhaa Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15841398\",\n \"text\": \"Moscow Penny Ante Moscow Penny Ante is the third studio album by American punk rock band Dead to Me, released through Fat Wreck Chords on October 25, 2011. In an interview before the album's release, band member, Tyson Annicharico, stated his pride in the album. He suggested that this pride came from the band's musical variety. He believes that the band cannot be \\\"pigeon-holed\\\" into one genre but was able to experiment musically. A review on R5 Productions supported this view, commenting, \\\"as usual, it’s nothing less than the exact opposite of what you’d expect from Dead To Me.\\\" On\",\n \"title\": \"Moscow Penny Ante\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13575851\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Wolin Penny Wolin (born June 5, 1953), also known as Penny Diane Wolin and Penny Wolin-Semple, is an American portrait photographer and a visual anthropologist. She has exhibited solo at the Smithsonian Institution and is the recipient of two grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and one grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. Her work is held in the permanent collections of such institutions as the Layton Art Collection at the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Santa Barbara Museum of Art, the New York Public Library and the American Art Museum, administered by the Smithsonian Institution.\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Wolin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20589750\",\n \"text\": \"implementing the plan by the chief.\\\" Since 2017, he also stars in his own reality series \\\"Penny Ahee\\\" on Mzansi Magic, which was commissioned after a successful appearance as a judge on \\\"Clash of the Choirs\\\". Penny Penny has one wife and 18 children. Penny Penny Giyani Kulani (born in Limpopo in 1962), better known by his stage name Penny Penny is a South African musician and politician, known affectionately as the \\\"Shangaan Disco King\\\" for the musical style he helped popularise. He was the youngest of 68 children from a local doctor with 25 wives. His family was poor,\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17290307\",\n \"text\": \"American. The expansion Philadelphia KiXX selected Penny in the Territorial Round of the NPSL Amateur Draft as the first player they signed. In the spring of 1997, Penny moved to the Hershey Wildcats of the USISL A-League. While playing, he also pursued a graduate degree in education at Pennsylvania State University. Since his retirement from playing, Penny is a full professor and teaches at West Chester University College of Education. Penny is married and they have three boys together. Chris Penny Chris Penny is an English retired footballer who played professionally in the USL A-League and National Professional Soccer League.\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10385238\",\n \"text\": \"Penny (Australian coin) The Australian penny was a coin of the Australian pound used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalisation in 1966. It was worth one-twelfth of an Australian shilling and 1/240 of an Australian pound. The coin was equivalent in its dimensions, composition and value to the British penny, as the two currencies were fixed at par. The coin was first introduced in 1911, and stopped being minted in 1965, with the introduction of decimalisation. When decimalisation happened on 14 February 1966, the coin value was equal to 0.8333¢. The obverse of the coin featured the reigning\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (Australian coin)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6314729\",\n \"text\": \"2016, he declared in an interview: \\\"I think the whole idea of the helicopter money is downright devastating. For this is nothing more than a declaration of bankruptcy of the monetary policy\\\" Richard Koo makes a similar argument when saying \\\"if such envelopes arrived day after day, the entire country would quickly fall into a panic as people lose all sense of what their currency is worth.\\\" This clashes with the argument that people would not spend much of the money they receive (and therefore helicopter money cannot be inflationary). Several prominent economist such as central banker Raghuram Rajan are\",\n \"title\": \"Helicopter money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8826842\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Give Me Money\\\" / \\\"Sour Suite\\\". Side One: \\\"Hound Dog\\\" / \\\"She Does\\\" / \\\"Turn To Me\\\" / \\\"Caledonian Mission\\\" / \\\"Currency\\\" / \\\"Your Way To Tell Me Go\\\". Side Two: \\\"Celebrity Ball\\\" / \\\"Baby You're Not To Blame\\\" / \\\"I Want You\\\" / \\\"Take Me Back\\\" / \\\"Genevieve\\\" / \\\"Give Me Money\\\". Plastic Penny Plastic Penny was an English 1960s pop band, formed in November 1967 before splitting up in August 1969. The group had one hit single, early in 1968, with the song \\\"Everything I Am\\\". Most of the members went on to greater fame with other bands\",\n \"title\": \"Plastic Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4473777\",\n \"text\": \"and has lyrics that are almost entirely rewritten. Money (That's What I Want) \\\"Money (That's What I Want)\\\" is a song written by Tamla founder Berry Gordy and Janie Bradford that became the first hit record for Gordy's Motown enterprise. The song was recorded in 1959 by Barrett Strong for the Tamla label, distributed nationally on Anna Records. It went on to be covered by many artists, including the Beatles in 1963 and the Flying Lizards in 1979. The song was originally recorded by Barrett Strong and released on Tamla in August 1959. Anna Records was operated by Gwen Gordy,\",\n \"title\": \"Money (That's What I Want)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4473769\",\n \"text\": \"Money (That's What I Want) \\\"Money (That's What I Want)\\\" is a song written by Tamla founder Berry Gordy and Janie Bradford that became the first hit record for Gordy's Motown enterprise. The song was recorded in 1959 by Barrett Strong for the Tamla label, distributed nationally on Anna Records. It went on to be covered by many artists, including the Beatles in 1963 and the Flying Lizards in 1979. The song was originally recorded by Barrett Strong and released on Tamla in August 1959. Anna Records was operated by Gwen Gordy, Anna Gordy and Roquel \\\"Billy\\\" Davis. Gwen and\",\n \"title\": \"Money (That's What I Want)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4151169\",\n \"text\": \"on an axle mounted through a steel-bolstered wooden handle. Penny knife The penny knife dates from the 18th century and was a very basic utility knife, originally with a fixed blade. It received the name \\\"penny knife\\\" for what it reportedly cost in England and America during the late 18th century: one penny. The famous \\\"Fuller's Penny Knife\\\" helped build the reputation of Sheffield, England, cutlers in the pre-industrial era of the early 18th century. The \\\"penny knife\\\" would later evolve into a very simple, mass-produced pocketknife with a folding blade, which pivoted freely in and out of the handle\",\n \"title\": \"Penny knife\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4151167\",\n \"text\": \"Penny knife The penny knife dates from the 18th century and was a very basic utility knife, originally with a fixed blade. It received the name \\\"penny knife\\\" for what it reportedly cost in England and America during the late 18th century: one penny. The famous \\\"Fuller's Penny Knife\\\" helped build the reputation of Sheffield, England, cutlers in the pre-industrial era of the early 18th century. The \\\"penny knife\\\" would later evolve into a very simple, mass-produced pocketknife with a folding blade, which pivoted freely in and out of the handle without a backspring or other device to hold it\",\n \"title\": \"Penny knife\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13055151\",\n \"text\": \"Greg Penny Greg Penny (born October 12, 1955 in Hollywood, California) is an American record producer, recording engineer, mixing engineer, musician, songwriter and artist best known for his work as a producer for Elton John and k.d. lang. He is currently the president of Flower Records and partner at Siwa Productions, Tokyo. The son of pop singer Sue Thompson and country musician Hank Penny, Penny was familiar with recording studios from a young age. In 1989, Penny recorded, mixed and produced k.d. lang's Grammy-winning album \\\"Absolute Torch and Twang\\\". Penny and k.d. lang collaborated again in 1992 with \\\"Ingénue\\\", which\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13204917\",\n \"text\": \"moments, between the perception and recognition of what is seen, are precisely visualized through the meditative way in which Worth uses his camera.\\\" Worth is the creator of several collections. Don Worth Don Worth (June 2, 1924 – March 18, 2009) was an American photographer. His childhood on an Iowa farm inspired an abiding love of exotic horticulture, which later became the primary focus of his photography. He attended Juilliard as well as the Manhattan School of Music, receiving a graduate degree in piano and composition in 1951. During college, he began photographing and eventually became Ansel Adams' first full-time\",\n \"title\": \"Don Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4294572\",\n \"text\": \"what they grew up skating.\\\" During the early 2000s, Penny reappeared in Flip's videos, \\\"Sorry\\\", \\\"Really Sorry\\\" and \\\"Extremely Sorry\\\". As of 2013, Penny is sponsored by: In a 2012 interview, Penny identified the five skateboarders that have been the most influential throughout his career: Daewon Song, Rodney Mullen, Danny Way, Chad Muska and Steve Caballero. He also acknowledged contemporary influences, such as Quim Cardona, Paulo Diaz and Sean Sheffey—\\\"People that are slightly interesting; make it more fun; make it more enjoyable; more original skateboarders; stylish skateboarders\\\". Professional skateboarder Chad Muska, has explained his experience of skateboarding with Tom Penny\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4889076\",\n \"text\": \"known for making 10 pound notes that feature Princess Diana's portrait in place of the Queen, while \\\"Bank of England\\\" is replaced by \\\"Banksy of England\\\". The artist's original intent was to throw them off a building, but after some of the notes were dropped at a festival he discovered that they could pass for legal tender and changed his mind. As of 2012, Banksy is still in possession of all one hundred million pounds' worth of the currency. In 2006, American artist Jack Daws hired metalsmiths to make a mold of a 1970 U.S. penny and cast it in\",\n \"title\": \"Counterfeit money\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10550781\",\n \"text\": \"readjustment called recessions. Rothbard states that many European governments went bankrupt due to World War I, and how they left the gold standard in order to try to solve their financial issues. He also argues that this strategy was partially responsible for World War II, and led to economic problems throughout the world. What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money\",\n \"title\": \"What Has Government Done to Our Money?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4874594\",\n \"text\": \"Joe Penny Joseph Edward Penny Jr. (born 24 June 1956) is an Italian/English-born American actor best known for his roles as Nick Ryder on the detective series \\\"Riptide\\\" from 1984 to 1986, and as Jake Styles in the CBS television series \\\"Jake and the Fatman\\\" from 1987 to 1992. Penny was born in Uxbridge, London to an American father, Joseph Edward Penny, Sr., and an Italian mother. He was brought up in Marietta, Georgia. After his parents divorced, he moved to California with his mother. He attended Marina High School in Huntington Beach, California, where he played football and basketball.\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13055153\",\n \"text\": \"mix of Elton John's \\\"Honky Château\\\". He is the president of Flower Records, producing records by Twin Trip and Poperetta. Greg Penny Greg Penny (born October 12, 1955 in Hollywood, California) is an American record producer, recording engineer, mixing engineer, musician, songwriter and artist best known for his work as a producer for Elton John and k.d. lang. He is currently the president of Flower Records and partner at Siwa Productions, Tokyo. The son of pop singer Sue Thompson and country musician Hank Penny, Penny was familiar with recording studios from a young age. In 1989, Penny recorded, mixed and\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17727286\",\n \"text\": \"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight \\\"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight\\\" is a song by American alternative rock band Switchfoot, released on September 17, 2013 on the band's \\\"Fading West EP\\\". The song serves as one of two lead singles (alongside \\\"Who We Are\\\") from Switchfoot's ninth studio album \\\"Fading West\\\", which was released on January 14, 2014. A music video for \\\"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight\\\" was released on October 1, 2013. It consists of scenes shot for the band's rock documentary film \\\"Fading West\\\", directed by Matt Katsolis. They were filmed during Switchfoot's 2012 World Tour,\",\n \"title\": \"Love Alone Is Worth the Fight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14075005\",\n \"text\": \"relates to coins minted with that particular mint mark. \\\"H\\\" refers to the Heaton Mint, and \\\"KN\\\" to the King's Norton Mint, both of which were contracted to mint supplemental pennies on occasion. From 1825 to 1970 a total of 3,629,384,952 pennies were minted. Penny (British pre-decimal coin) The pre-decimal penny (1d) was a coin worth of a pound sterling. Its symbol was d, from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one pre-1707 Scottish shilling. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from\",\n \"title\": \"Penny (British pre-decimal coin)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19196299\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Penny Stephen D. Penny, Jr. (born 1964) is an American businessman and sports administrator. Penny was President and CEO of USA Gymnastics from April 4, 2005 to March 16, 2017, and is a key figure in the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal. Penny joined USA Gymnastics in March 1999 as the Senior Vice President, overseeing a variety of areas focused on business development. Within a few years, his responsibilities grew to oversee the marketing, sponsorship, event operations, television and communications, including the management of the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Anaheim, California. Penny began his career in sports\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19196294\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Penny Stephen D. Penny, Jr. (born 1964) is an American businessman and sports administrator. Penny was President and CEO of USA Gymnastics from April 4, 2005 to March 16, 2017, and is a key figure in the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal. Penny joined USA Gymnastics in March 1999 as the Senior Vice President, overseeing a variety of areas focused on business development. Within a few years, his responsibilities grew to oversee the marketing, sponsorship, event operations, television and communications, including the management of the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Anaheim, California. Penny began his career in sports\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9724837\",\n \"text\": \"The album also peaked at number 45 on the Top Album Sales \\\"Billboard\\\" chart, and stayed on the chart for six weeks. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"All Money Is Legal\\\". Sample credits Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"All Money Is Legal\\\" and AllMusic: All Money Is Legal All Money Is Legal, also known as A.M.I.L.: (All Money Is Legal), is the debut studio album by American rapper Amil. It was released on August 29, 2000, through Roc-A-Fella, Columbia, and Sony Music. Rapper Jay-Z and music executive Damon Dash served as its executive producers with Amil.\",\n \"title\": \"All Money Is Legal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4161770\",\n \"text\": \"forceful\\\". David Cassidy recorded an extended live version for his 1974 album \\\"Cassidy Live!\\\" (Bell Records, UK #9; recorded live in Great Britain in May 1974). The track features extensive and complex lead-guitar solos by Cassidy himself. The hip-hop group Public Enemy sampled \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" on their 1998 song \\\"He Got Game\\\", which also featured Stephen Stills. Oui 3 adapted the song for their 1993 debut single of the same name, which reached number 26 in the UK chart. In 2017, Haley Reinhart released a cover of the song as the third single from her third studio album,\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4161766\",\n \"text\": \"police) gathered to protest against the curfew's enforcement. Although the rallies began peacefully, trouble eventually broke out. The unrest continued the next night, and periodically throughout the rest of November and December, forcing some clubs to shut down within weeks. It was against the background of these civil disturbances that Stills recorded \\\"For What It's Worth\\\" on December 5, 1966. Stills said in an interview that the name of the song came about when he presented it to the record company executive Ahmet Ertegun (who signed Buffalo Springfield to the Atlantic Records-owned ATCO label). Stills said: \\\"I have this song\",\n \"title\": \"For What It's Worth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20589746\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Penny Giyani Kulani (born in Limpopo in 1962), better known by his stage name Penny Penny is a South African musician and politician, known affectionately as the \\\"Shangaan Disco King\\\" for the musical style he helped popularise. He was the youngest of 68 children from a local doctor with 25 wives. His family was poor, meaning he received no education, but he soon became known for his dancing and was nicknamed Penny. Aged 19, he worked on a West Driefontein goldmine near Carletonville, and soon left to escape the region's poor working conditions, although he did win several breakdancing\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Penny\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6660420\",\n \"text\": \"list, but he rejoined the Dodgers on April 24, 2005, and proceeded to have a solid season. On June 12, 2005, Penny signed a three-year contract extension worth a guaranteed $25 million and a team option for the 2009 season. Penny was named by Houston Astros manager Phil Garner as the National League's starting pitcher in the 2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. He hurled two innings, allowing one home run to Vladimir Guerrero, striking out the side (Ichiro Suzuki, Derek Jeter, and David Ortiz) in the first inning, and receiving a no-decision. On September 23, 2006, against the Arizona\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Penny\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["cent"],"string":"[\n \"cent\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1296,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what book did jacob riis wrote?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"801596","text":"with lantern slides, made little money for the pair, but they both greatly increased the number of people exposed to what Riis had to say and also enabled him to meet people who had the power to affect change, notably Charles Henry Parkhurst and an editor of \"Scribner's Magazine\", who invited him to submit an illustrated article. An eighteen-page article by Riis, \"How the Other Half Lives\", appeared in the Christmas 1889 edition of \"Scribner's Magazine\". It included nineteen of his photographs rendered as line drawings. Its publication brought an invitation to expand the material into an entire book. Riis,","title":"Jacob Riis"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801596\",\n \"text\": \"with lantern slides, made little money for the pair, but they both greatly increased the number of people exposed to what Riis had to say and also enabled him to meet people who had the power to affect change, notably Charles Henry Parkhurst and an editor of \\\"Scribner's Magazine\\\", who invited him to submit an illustrated article. An eighteen-page article by Riis, \\\"How the Other Half Lives\\\", appeared in the Christmas 1889 edition of \\\"Scribner's Magazine\\\". It included nineteen of his photographs rendered as line drawings. Its publication brought an invitation to expand the material into an entire book. Riis,\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"801607","text":"the park and led the public in giving him three cheers of \"Hooray, Jacob Riis!\" Other parks also were created, and Riis was popularly credited with them as well. Riis wrote his autobiography, \"The Making of an American\", in 1901. His daughter, Clara C. Riis, married Dr. William Clarence Fiske. His son, John Riis (1882–1946), served in Gifford Pinchot's new United States Forest Service from 1907 to 1913 as a ranger and forest supervisor on national forests in Utah, California and Oregon. He chronicled his time in the Forest Service in his 1937 book, \"Ranger Trails\". Another son, Edward V.","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801605","text":"Riis for life, later remarking, \"\"Jacob Riis, whom I am tempted to call the best American I ever knew, although he was already a young man when he came hither from Denmark\".\" After Roosevelt became president, he wrote a tribute to Riis that started: For his part, Riis wrote a campaign biography of Roosevelt that praised him. A particularly important effort by Riis was his exposure of the condition of New York's water supply. His five-column story \"Some Things We Drink\", in the 21 August 1891 edition of the New York \"Evening Sun\", included six photographs (later lost). Riis wrote:","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684049","text":"Jacob Riis Park Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park or Jacob Riis State Park, is a seaside park at the southwestern end of the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, adjacent to the east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach. Originally a city-run park under the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is currently part of the Jamaica Bay Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, and is managed by the National Park Service","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684129","text":"Park parking lot is a pay-to-park facility during summer months. The park was featured in a Cracker Jack commercial in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the boardwalk and the Wise clock shown. Jacob Riis Park Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park or Jacob Riis State Park, is a seaside park at the southwestern end of the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, adjacent to the east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach. Originally a city-run","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"801614","text":"also criticized for his depiction of African Americans. He was said to portray them as falsely happy with their lives in the \"slums\" of New York City. This criticism didn't come until much later after Riis had died. His writing was overlooked because his photography was so revolutionary in his early books. Riis is honored together with Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on July 2. Jacob Riis Jacob August Riis (; May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) was a Danish-American social reformer, \"muckraking\" journalist and social","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801571","text":"very early adoption of flash in photography. While living in New York, Riis experienced poverty and became a police reporter writing about the quality of life in the slums. He attempted to alleviate the bad living conditions of poor people by exposing their living conditions to the middle and upper classes. Born in Ribe, Denmark, Jacob Riis was the third of the 15 children (one of whom, an orphaned niece, was fostered) of Niels Edward Riis, a schoolteacher and writer for the local Ribe newspaper, and Carolina Riis (\"née\" Bendsine Lundholm), a homemaker. Among the 15, only Jacob, one sister,","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801599","text":"which somehow appropriated Riis's own photographs. \"Children of the Poor\" (1892) was a sequel in which Riis wrote of particular children that he had encountered. \"The Making of an American\" (1901), an autobiography, follows Riis's early life in Denmark and his struggles as an immigrant in the United States. The book also describes how Riis became a reporter and how his work in immigrant enclaves kindled his desire for social reforms. Riis organized his autobiography chronologically, but each chapter illustrates a broader theme that America is a land of opportunity for those who are bold enough to take chances on","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801608","text":"Riis, was appointed US Director of Public Information in Copenhagen toward the end of World War I; he is known to have spoken publicly against antisemitism. A third son, Roger Williams Riis (1894–1953), was also a reporter and activist. In 1905, Jacob Riis's wife Elisabeth became ill and died. Riis remarried in 1907, and with his new wife, Mary Phillips, relocated to a farm in Barre, Massachusetts. Riis died at the farm on May 26, 1914. His second wife lived until 1967, continuing work on the farm, working on Wall Street and teaching classes at Columbia University. Riis's grave is","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801589","text":"them. Working night-shift duty in the immigrant communities of Manhattan's Lower East Side, Riis developed a tersely melodramatic writing style and he became one of the earliest reformist journalists. Riis had for some time been wondering how to show the squalor of which he wrote more vividly than his words could express. He tried sketching, but was incompetent at this. Camera lenses of the 1880s were slow as was the emulsion of photographic plates; photography thus did not seem to be of any use for reporting about conditions of life in dark interiors. In early 1887, however, Riis was startled","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801585","text":"write about both the rich and live in impoverished immigrant communities. He did his job well and was able to become editor of a weekly newspaper, the \"News.\" However, this newspaper, the periodical of a political group, soon became bankrupt. Simultaneously, and unusually, Riis got a letter from home which related that both his older brothers, an aunt, and Elisabeth Gjørtz's fiancé had died. Riis wrote to Elisabeth to propose, and with $75 of his savings and promissory notes, he bought the \"News\" company. Riis worked hard at his newspaper and soon paid his debts. Newly independent, he was able","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684077","text":"the Rockaways, and the possibility of Riis Park out-competing privately owned beaches and resorts leading to declines in property values. In 1936, Moses released what would be the final plan for Jacob Riis Park, designed by Clarke, Loyd, and Parks Department architect Aymar Embury II. Under this plan, the mall was relocated to the western end of the property, with a design similar to that of Orchard Beach in the Bronx which was being built at the same time. The parking area design was altered from two square lots in the 1934 plan, into the current large curved and asymmetrical","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684097","text":"numerous improvements were performed on the bathhouse, with plans to repave the central courtyard. By July 2006, however, the repairs had not been finished. However, a new bust depicting Jacob Riis had been installed at the Central Mall that April. In late October 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the New York City area, particularly effecting the Rockaway Peninsula. At Riis Park, sand was pushed north from the beach onto the back beach areas. The bathhouse was flooded and damaged. However, structures like the Wise Clock and the new Jacob Riis bust were generally unscathed. During the recovery effort, the large parking","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684068","text":"York City Subway. One of the new routes in the plan involved recapturing the New York, Woodhaven and Rockaway Railroad, which by this time became the Rockaway Beach Branch of the Long Island Rail Road, and extending it as a subway line west from Rockaway Park to Jacob Riis Park. The extension of the line to the park was never constructed. After the remainder of Riis Park was relinquished by the Navy, in fall 1930 Queens Parks Commissioner Albert C. Benninger proposed the construction of a bathing pavilion at Jacob Riis Park. Benninger had been inspired by the design of","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"801573","text":"they cleaned it. The tenants took the money and obliged; when he told his mother, she went to help. Though his father had hoped that Jacob would have a literary career, Jacob wanted to be a carpenter. When he was 16, he became fond of Elisabeth Gjørtz, the 12-year-old adopted daughter of the owner of the company for which he worked as an apprentice carpenter. The father disapproved of the boy's blundering attentions, and Riis was forced to complete his carpentry apprenticeship in Copenhagen. Riis returned to Ribe in 1868 at age 19. Discouraged by poor job availability in the","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801570","text":"Jacob Riis Jacob August Riis (; May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) was a Danish-American social reformer, \"muckraking\" journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. He endorsed the implementation of \"model tenements\" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller. Additionally, as one of the most famous proponents of the newly practicable casual photography, he is considered one of the fathers of photography due to his","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684079","text":"In order to fund the park and several others around the city, Moses asked the New York City Board of Estimate for $3.6 million of funding in 1936. The funds would go to Jacob Riis Park, Fort Tryon Park, Pelham Bay Park, and the two Marine Parks. These funds, which Moses requested from the Board of Estimate annually for several years afterward, ended up doing little to fund each of the parks, with the exception of Jacob Riis Park, which would be completed with $3.5 million in funding. The Board of Estimate money went toward the Marine Parkway Bridge, one","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684051","text":"getaway for New York City residents comparable to Jones Beach State Park on Long Island. The park was built along with the Marine Parkway Bridge and the Belt Parkway in nearby Brooklyn, which provided access to the park. After a period of decline, in 1974 Jacob Riis Park was transferred to the control of the National Park Service. The Jacob Riis Park Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It features an extensive sand beach along the Atlantic Ocean coastline and several historic Art Deco structures, including a bathhouse built in 1932 and reconfigured","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684087","text":"toilet and bathhouse facilities, although further renovations occurred during this time. The park was damaged by the Ash Wednesday Storm in March 1962. Riis Park also experienced increased crime: an 18-year-old was fatally stabbed at the beach in May 1962, and the bust of Jacob Riis at the Central Mall was stolen in June 1964. The park's disrepair ended up endangering park visitors; in August 1965, eighty people swimming at Riis Park and Rockaway Beach were treated for stings from Portuguese man o' war hydrozoans, a taxonomic class similar to jellyfish. In addition to vandalism, there were increasing arrests for","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684081","text":"Cross Bay Boulevard. The upgraded Jacob Riis Park was initially set to open along with Orchard Beach on June 19, 1937, but the openings were pushed back due to unfinished work. Both beaches were opened on June 25, 1937. Work on the parking lot and bathhouse were completed at this time. The Marine Parkway Bridge was opened July 3, 1937, after which the ferry service to Riis Park was discontinued. With the opening of the bridge, Green Bus Lines created a new route, the Q35, operating across the bridge between Riis Park and the Flatbush−Nostrand Avenues station in Brooklyn. In","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684050","text":"(NPS). Plans emerged for a coastal park located in the Rockaways in the early 20th century, with the property acquired by the city in 1912. Initially called Seaside Park and later Telawana Park, the park was named in 1914 for social journalist Jacob Riis, who advocated for the creation of the park. During World War I, the site was used as the Rockaway Naval Air Station, one of the first naval air stations in the United States. Riis Park was largely constructed between 1936 and 1937 by New York City Parks Commissioner Robert Moses, who envisioned Riis Park as a","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"801572","text":"and the foster sister survived into the twentieth century. Riis was influenced by his father, whose school Riis delighted in disrupting. His father persuaded him to read (and improve his English via) Charles Dickens's magazine \"All the Year Round\" and the novels of James Fenimore Cooper. Jacob had a happy childhood, but the experienced tragedy at the age of eleven when his brother Theodore, a year younger, drowned. He never forgot his mother's grief. At age eleven or twelve, he donated all the money he had and gave it to a poor Ribe family living in a squalid house if","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801587","text":"he used a \"magic lantern\" projector to advertise in Brooklyn, projecting either onto a sheet hung between two trees or onto a screen behind a window. The novelty was a success, and Riis and a friend relocated to upstate New York and Pennsylvania as itinerant advertisers. However, this enterprise ended when the pair became involved in an armed dispute between striking railroad workers and the police. Riis quickly returned to New York City. A neighbor of Riis, who was the city editor of the \"New-York Tribune\", recommended Riis for a short-term contract. Riis did well and was offered the job","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684053","text":"muckraker journalist and photographer who documented the plight of the poor and working class. What is now the site of Jacob Riis Park on the western Rockaway Peninsula was under water as recently as the early 19th century. The peninsula was gradually expanded westward by the natural accretion of sand from tidal action. By 1878, the peninsula extended as far as the current western boundaries of the park. The peninsula reached its current extents by the turn of the 20th century. During the War of 1812, the United States Army erected a blockhouse west of the future park site, on","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"801604","text":"somehow. Upon his 1895 appointment to the presidency of the Board of Commissioners of the New York City Police Department, Roosevelt asked Riis to show him nighttime police work. During their first tour, the pair found that nine out of ten patrolmen were missing. Riis wrote about this for the next day's newspaper, and for the rest of Roosevelt's term the force was more attentive. Roosevelt closed the police-managed lodging rooms in which Riis had suffered during his first years in New York. After reading the exposés, Roosevelt was so deeply affected by Riis's sense of justice that he befriended","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684100","text":"project was supported by the district manager of Queens Community Board 14. Two Queens congressmen also supported the pipeline, as did Anthony Weiner before his resignation. The pipeline was opposed by local environmental groups, who felt it would disturb a nearby artificial reef. Grimm was subsequently found to have received campaign money from both Williams and National Grid. Shortly after Hurricane Sandy, on November 7, 2012, the Rockaway Lateral Pipeline bill was signed into law. The pipeline was put in service by May 2015. Jacob Riis Park is located at the west end of the Rockaway Peninsula, between Fort Tilden","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684114","text":"retail space at its eastern end, and a patio area in front of it. Like the bathhouse, the mall buildings were painted gray upon opening in 1937. A bandstand was originally located in between the two buildings in the center of the plaza, but was removed in 1954. A bronze bust of Jacob Riis had been installed adjacent to the western mall building in 1940, donated by Riis' son Roger. The bust rested on a granite pedestal constructed by the Parks Department with money from the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, the highway agency also controlled by Robert Moses. After","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684099","text":"proposals to reuse the entry pavilion and bathhouse. On July 21, 2011, Staten Island Congressman Michael G. Grimm introduced H.R. 2606, the New York City Natural Gas Supply Enhancement Act, to the U.S. Congress. As proposed in the bill, a natural gas pipeline called the Rockaway Delivery Lateral Project, proposed by Williams Companies, would connect to an existing offshore pipeline and running south-to-north through the sites of Jacob Riis Park and Floyd Bennett Field. The pipeline would run through the golf course of Riis Park, then connect to a new along Flatbush Avenue to be constructed by National Grid. The","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684088","text":"drug-related offenses on the beach.In 1972, the National Park Service established the Gateway National Recreation Area around Jamaica Bay. Jacob Riis Park was ceded to the NPS two years later, on March 4, 1974. Upon takeover, focus was put on Riis Park due to it being the most heavily visited part of the Gateway Area. Under NPS' purview, several renovations occurred, including the installation of new roofing on the bathhouse and mall buildings, and the restoration of the Wise Clock which had been taken out of operation. The NPS also began to crack down on nude bathing on the beach.","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684082","text":"addition, the Brooklyn Bus Corporation extended their B2 bus route to Riis Park. Due to increasing bus traffic, the Parks Department and the Brooklyn Bus Corporation constructed an enclosed bus shelter with turnstiles to expedite passenger boarding. On Friday August 6, 1937, the park began holding weekly fireworks shows. The park's pitch and putt golf course was opened on May 14, 1938. The Belt Parkway system was opened in June 1940, connecting to the Marine Parkway Bridge. A lighted softball field just west of the bathhouse was created in summer 1940. A bust of Jacob Riis at the western mall","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684060","text":"March 21, 1912 via condemnation, with the city paying around $1.3 million for the site. Around this time, the park was renamed Telawana Park. On March 25, 1913, the tract was transferred to the New York City Parks Department. The site for the hospital at the east end of the beach was transferred from the Parks Department on April 24, 1913. After Riis died in May 1914, former United States President Theodore Roosevelt advocated for the renaming of the park to Jacob Riis Park. The name change was approved on January 4, 1915. Neponsit Beach Hospital for Children opened on","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684056","text":"1900, the property that would later would become Riis Park was acquired by Edward P. Hatch as part of two lots totaling in size. The first plot, the \"Hatch Tract,\" was while the second \"Bell Harbor tract\" was . The land consisted predominantly of marshland and meadows yet to be developed. From 1902 to 1903, the City of New York initially attempted to create a seaside beach park in Staten Island. In 1904, the city planned to build an oceanside park in the western Rockaways near Rockaway Point (Breezy Point), supported by Jacob Riis' Association for Improving the Condition of","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"801593","text":"by the flash. Riis's first team soon tired of the late hours, and Riis had to find other help. Both his assistants were lazy and one was dishonest, selling plates for which Riis had paid. Riis sued him in court successfully. Nagle suggested that Riis should become self-sufficient, so in January 1888 Riis paid $25 for a 4×5 box camera, plate holders, a tripod and equipment for developing and printing. He took the equipment to the potter's field cemetery on Hart Island to practice, making two exposures. The result was seriously overexposed but successful. For some three years, Riis combined","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801578","text":"on waking, he walked to Fordham College where a Catholic priest served him breakfast. After a brief period of farm working and odd jobs at Mount Vernon, New York, Riis returned to New York, where he read in the newspaper New York \"Sun\" that the newspaper was recruiting soldiers for the war. Riis rushed there to enlist, but the editor (whom he later realized was Charles Anderson Dana) claimed or affected ignorance but offered the famished Riis a dollar for breakfast; Riis indignantly refused. Riis was destitute, at one time sleeping on a tombstone and surviving on windfall apples. Still,","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"13613052","text":"Riis Houses Jacob Riis Houses are a public housing project in the East Village, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The project is located between Avenue D and the Franklin D Roosevelt Drive, spanning two superblocks from 6th Street to 13th Street. The project consists of nineteen buildings, between six and 14 stories each, containing 1,191 apartment units. The project is named for photographer Jacob Riis, who exposed the living conditions of tenement-dwellers on the Lower East Side. Many lived in the neighborhoods which were destroyed through urban renewal to build the Houses. The Riis","title":"Riis Houses"},{"psg_id":"801584","text":"Points neighborhood. He was sitting outside the Cooper Union one day when the principal of the school where he had earlier learned telegraphy happened to notice him. He said that if Riis had nothing better to do, then the New York News Association was looking for a trainee. After one more night and a hurried wash in a horse trough, Riis went for an interview. Despite his disheveled appearance, he was sent for a test assignment: to observe and write about a luncheon at the Astor House. Riis covered the event competently and got the job. Riis was able to","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801583","text":"to sell in Pennsylvania had cheated him in the same manner. He again had little money, and while bedridden with a fever learned from a letter that Elisabeth, the former object of his affection, was engaged to a cavalry officer. Riis then returned to New York by selling flatirons along the way. Riis noticed an advertisement by a Long Island newspaper for an editor, applied for and was appointed city editor. He quickly realized why the job had been available: the editor in chief was dishonest and indebted. Riis left in two weeks. Again unemployed, Riis returned to the Five","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684123","text":"course. There are also open grass areas for picnicking and grilling. One of these areas between the bathhouse and mall was previously a lighted softball field. The crescent-shaped plot of land east of the parking lot, in size, is undeveloped and consists of open grass and trees. Baseball fields were formerly present on the southern portion of this site. The beaches at Jacob Riis Park consists of 14 bays numbered east-to-west on the Atlantic coast. The main beach occupies the western half of the park, or Bays 6 through 14, at the mouth of the Central Mall. Bays 1 through","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684067","text":"the west end of the park. From 1926 to 1927, the beach protection system was expanded to the western section of the park, with additional groins installed. From 1927 to 1929, Washington Avenue was widened and paved, with a sidewalk added to both Washington Avenue and the ferry transverse road. Other minor improvements to the park took place at this time. In July 1929, an existing 1,000-car parking lot was enlarged. By this time, the patronage of Jacob Riis Park was increasing. Meanwhile, in 1929 the New York City Board of Transportation released a major expansion plan for the New","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684059","text":"philanthropic groups. Following the death of Hatch in 1908, the Hatch tract was acquired first by the West Rockaway Land Company. It was then sold to the Neponsit Realty Company, which was developing the Neponsit neighborhood. Now valued between $850,000 and $1.05 million, the Neponsit Company offered to sell the site for $1.5 million. Meanwhile, the New York Parks and Playgrounds Association campaigned for the city to purchase land for a park in western Rockaway. The Parks Association created a Seaside Park Committee, with the social reformer Jacob Riis as its chairman. The tract was acquired by the city on","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684052","text":"in 1937. Today, the park's sand, surf, and seaside recreation areas and famous Art Deco bathhouse make it a popular summer destination. Facilities available in season include a pitch and putt golf course and food concessions. The park was originally known as Seaside Park. It was later renamed Telawana Park after Culluloo Telewana, who was believed to be the last surviving member of the Rockaway Lenape tribe until his death in 1818. A monument to Telawana is located in Woodsburgh, Long Island, east of Far Rockaway. In 1914, the park was renamed for Jacob Riis, a famous New York City","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"20761689","text":"Andreas Riis, travelled through Akwamu, Shai, Kroboland, Akim Abuakwa, and Cape Coast and around New Year, arrived in the Ashanti capital, Kumasi where he spent two weeks and wrote observations on the traditional society there and the what he perceived as the unfavourable and grim prospects for mission work. Riis' poor health condition, the rough terrain and the high mortality of European missionaries, sometimes reaching eighty percent, coupled with the failure of the missionary work compelled the Basel Missionary Society to abandon the work and recall Riis in 1839. For nearly eight years Riis had been unable to take credit","title":"Andreas Riis"},{"psg_id":"801609","text":"marked by an unmarked granite boulder in Riverside Cemetery, in Barre, Massachusetts. Riis's concern for the poor and destitute often caused people to assume he disliked the rich. However, Riis showed no sign of discomfort among the affluent, often asking them for their support. Although seldom involved with party politics, Riis was sufficiently disgusted by the corruption of Tammany Hall to change from being an endorser of the Democratic Party to endorse the Republican Party. The period just before the Spanish–American War was difficult for Riis. He was approached by liberals who suspected that protests of alleged Spanish mistreatment of","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801606","text":"The story resulted in the purchase by New York City of areas around the New Croton Reservoir, and may well have saved New Yorkers from an epidemic of cholera. Riis tried hard to have the slums around Five Points demolished and replaced with a park. His writings resulted in the Drexel Committee investigation of unsafe tenements; this resulted in the Small Park Act of 1887. Riis was not invited to the eventual opening of the park on 15 June 1897, but went all the same, together with Lincoln Steffens. In the last speech, the street cleaning commissioner credited Riis for","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801595","text":"liked the photographs but not the writing, and would find another writer, Riis was despondent about magazine publication and instead thought of speaking directly to the public. This was not easy. The obvious venue would be a church, but several churches—including Riis's own—demurred, fearing either that the talks would offend the churchgoers' sensibilities or that they would offend rich and powerful landlords. However, Adolph Schauffler (of the City Mission Society) and Josiah Strong arranged to sponsor Riis's lecture at the Broadway Tabernacle church. Lacking money, Riis partnered with W. L. Craig, a Health Department clerk. Riis and Craig's lectures, illustrated","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801581","text":"and stowing away on freight trains, Riis eventually reached Philadelphia, where he appealed to the Danish Consul, Ferdinand Myhlertz, for help and was cared for two weeks by the Consul and his wife. Myhlertz sent Riis, now dressed properly in a suit, to the home of an old classmate in Jamestown. Riis worked as a carpenter in Scandinavian communities in the western part of the state, also working a variety of other jobs. He achieved sufficient financial stability to find the time to experiment as a writer, in both Danish and English, although his attempt to get a job at","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"2361050","text":"repeatedly stated that \"I have never tested positive,\" a statement that falls short of an outright denial. At the end of April 2007, former Riis' soigneur Jeff d'Hont wrote a book about the doping practices of Riis and other riders during his time in the cycling business. On 21 May 2007, Riis' former Telekom teammate Bert Dietz admitted that he had used doping during his Telekom-time. This prompted other former teammates, Christian Henn and Udo Bölts, and two former team doctors, to admit their involvement in doping. On 24 May, three other teammates Rolf Aldag, Erik Zabel and Brian Holm","title":"Bjarne Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684128","text":"operates the Rockaway Ferry route from Pier 11/Wall Street to Beach 108th Street in Rockaway Park. A free shuttle bus travels from the ferry terminal, stopping at Beach 149th Street, the Riis Park bathhouse, and Beach 169th Street. Highway access to Riis Park is provided by the Belt Parkway, which runs along the south shore of Brooklyn and Queens. The Belt Parkway connects to the Marine Parkway Bridge via its Flatbush Avenue exit in Marine Park, Brooklyn. Cross Bay Boulevard provides access from central Queens and Broad Channel, leading to both Beach Channel Drive and Rockaway Beach Boulevard. The Riis","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684074","text":"of the previous operation of the park, including the contracting of an outside firm to operate concessions and services, leading to deteriorating conditions in the park. Moses proceeded to cancel nearly all outside contracts, forming the Riis Management Corporation to run other services. Improvements to the other park structures were also completed as projects under the Works Progress Administration (WPA). From 1934 to 1935, Riis Park was the only facility run by the Parks Department to generate revenue. On August 6, 1934, Moses released his plan for Riis Park, designed by Gilmore D. Clarke, Julius Burgevin, W. Earle Andrews, and","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684054","text":"what was then an island. It was demolished in 1818. In 1880, the New York, Woodhaven & Rockaway Railroad opened a railroad line between mainland Queens and the Rockaways, with a terminal in Rockaway Park. In 1879 with the railroad under construction, several New York businessmen formed the Rockaway Beach Improvement Company and drafted plans to create a landscaped park and amusement area in the western Rockaways. This development would include hotels and a horse racing track. At the approximate location of modern Riis Park would be a pavilion for beach-goers. The company purchased of land between what are now","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"801612","text":"quick to judge and condemn those who failed to assimilate, and he did not refrain from expressing his contempt.\" Gurock (1981) says Riis was insensitive to the needs and fears of East European Jewish immigrants who flooded into New York at this time. Economist Thomas Sowell (2001) argues that immigrants during Riis's time were typically willing to live in cramped, unpleasant circumstances as a deliberate short-term strategy that allowed them to save more than half their earnings to help family members come to America, with every intention of relocating to more comfortable lodgings eventually. Many tenement renters physically resisted the","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801613","text":"well-intentioned relocation efforts of reformers like Riis, states Sowell, because other lodgings were too costly to allow for the high rate of savings possible in the tenements. Moreover, according to Sowell, Riis's own personal experiences were the rule rather than the exception during his era: like most immigrants and low-income persons, he lived in the tenements only temporarily before gradually earning more income and relocating to different lodgings. Riis's depictions of various ethnic groups can be harsh. In Riis's books, according to some historians, \"The Jews are nervous and inquisitive, the Orientals are sinister, the Italians are unsanitary.\" Riis was","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801611","text":"of their perceived natural flaws; often prejudices that may well have been informed by scientific racism. Riis's sincerity for social reform has seldom been questioned, but critics have questioned his right to interfere with the lives and choices of others. His audience comprised middle-class reformers, and critics say that he had no love for the traditional lifestyles of the people he portrayed. Stange (1989) argues that Riis \"recoiled from workers and working-class culture\" and appealed primarily to the anxieties and fears of his middle-class audience. Swienty (2008) says, \"Riis was quite impatient with most of his fellow immigrants; he was","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801592","text":"It Lives and Dies in New York.' to give at church and Sunday school exhibitions, and the like.\" The article was illustrated by twelve line drawings based on the photographs. Riis and his photographers were among the first Americans to use flash photography. Pistol lamps were dangerous and looked threatening, and would soon be replaced by another method for which Riis lit magnesium powder on a frying pan. The process involved removing the lens cap, igniting the flash powder and replacing the lens cap; the time is taken to ignite the flash powder sometimes allowed a visible image blurring created","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801586","text":"to target the politicians who had previously been his employers. Meanwhile, he received a provisional acceptance from Elisabeth, who asked him to come to Denmark for her, saying \"We will strive together for all that is noble and good\". Conveniently, the politicians offered to buy back the newspaper for five times the price Riis had paid; he was thus able to arrive in Denmark with a substantial amount of money. After some months in Denmark, the newly married couple arrived in New York. Riis worked briefly as editor of a south Brooklyn newspaper, the \"Brooklyn News.\" To supplement his income,","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801582","text":"a Buffalo, New York newspaper was unsuccessful, and magazines rejected his submissions. Riis was in much demand as a carpenter, a major reason being the low prices he charged. However, his employers exploited his efficiency and low prices, and Riis returned to New York City. He was most successful as a salesman, particularly of flatirons and fluting irons, becoming promoted to the sales representative of them for Illinois. However, in Chicago he was cheated of both his money and his stock and had to return to an earlier base in Pittsburgh. There he found that his subordinates he had left","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801579","text":"he found work at a brickyard at Little Washington in New Jersey, and was there for six weeks until he heard that a group of volunteers was going to the war. Thereupon he left for New York. On arrival, Riis found that the rumor was true but that he had arrived too late. He pleaded with the French consul, who expelled him. He made various other attempts to enlist, none successful. As autumn began, Riis was destitute, without a job. He survived on scavenged food and handouts from Delmonico's Restaurant and slept in public areas or in a foul-smelling police","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801575","text":"Company), a friend of the family since his rescue from a shipwreck at Ribe. Riis disembarked in New York on June 5, on that day spending half of the $40 his friends had given him on a revolver for defense against human or animal predators. When Riis arrived in New York City, he was one of a large number of migrants and immigrants, seeking prosperity in a more industrialized environment, who came to urban areas during the years after the American Civil War. Twenty-four million people relocated to urban areas, causing their population to increase eightfold. The demographics of American","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801574","text":"region and Gjørtz's disfavor of his marriage proposal, Riis decided to emigrate to the United States. Riis immigrated to America in 1870, when he was 21 years old, seeking employment as a carpenter. He first traveled in a small boat from Copenhagen to Glasgow, where on May 18 he boarded the steamer \"Iowa\", traveling in steerage. He carried $40 donated by friends (he had paid $50 for the passage himself); a gold locket with a strand of Elisabeth's hair, presented by her mother; and letters of introduction to the Danish Consul, Mr. Goodall (later president of the American Bank Note","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"13613053","text":"Houses were completed January 17, 1949, according to plans of principal architects Walker & Gillette. The buildings are managed by the New York City Housing Authority. On March 6, 2012 the computer hacker Hector Xavier Monsegur known as Sabu was revealed to be a resident of the Riis Houses. He lived in Apartment 6F at 90 Avenue D. Riis Houses Jacob Riis Houses are a public housing project in the East Village, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The project is located between Avenue D and the Franklin D Roosevelt Drive, spanning two superblocks from","title":"Riis Houses"},{"psg_id":"20761675","text":"He applied to the Basel Mission Seminary in Basel, Switzerland. In his application essay, he noted, \"\"for some time, I pursued in the carelessness of youth and when my conscience spoke, I tried to quieten it by saying: 'there is yet ample time for the conversion, I want first to enjoy the pleasures of this world.' But I could not find any rest until I had surrendered my whole life to the dear Saviour.\"\" In 1827, Andreas Christian Matthiesson, a Lutheran minister wrote a recommendation letter for Riis for his admission to the seminary. Although, Riis did not have much","title":"Andreas Riis"},{"psg_id":"8684091","text":"area had originated in Fresh Kills Landfill or the city sewer system. In the 1980s during summer months on weekends, the and bus routes were extended south of their normal terminus at Kings Plaza in Brooklyn to Riis Park, with a federal subsidy funding the extension. The park's historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. Nude bathing was banned at the beach in 1983, although it continued to persist unlawfully afterwards. In May 1988, the National Park Service planned to put the Riis Park bathhouse and mall buildings up for lease, along with other","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684086","text":"a nursing home called the Neponsit Home for the Aged. Meanwhile, the remaining of the property were turned over to the Parks Department to expand Riis Park, adding of beach. The plan was approved by New York City Board of Estimate in February 1959. A field with two baseball diamonds was created adjacent to the west of the former hospital in 1961, with a comfort station and concession stand erected at the southwest corner of the field. By the 1960s, Riis Park was in a state of disrepair, which included debris on the beach, and lack of maintenance of the","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684080","text":"of Moses's projects to connect Riis Park to the rest of the city, while the park itself was nearly entirely built with WPA money. Work on enlarging the beach began on April 1, 1936. To increase the size of the beach from 8 to 24 acres, around of sand were dredged from Jamaica Bay. The topography of the beach was leveled, with numerous dunes eliminated. The parking lot was partially opened in June 1936 with a 6,000-car capacity. On June 15, 1936, Green Bus Lines started the Q21B bus route, operating from Brooklyn and mainland Queens to Riis Park via","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684070","text":"began on November 23, 1931. The bathhouse was opened on August 6, 1932. At the time, it was only 60 percent completed. Additional work was completed in May 1933, including lockers, the restaurant, and the solarium. The solarium was expected to be the largest in the world at the time. A seawall running in front of the bathhouse along the beach and parking facilities for 5,000 cars were also completed by 1933. At this time, Riis Park received 25,000 daily visitors during summer months. While the bathhouse was being constructed, several plans were evaluated for developing Riis Park. Carl Pilat's","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"8684066","text":"to facilities in Valley Stream, Long Island, North Beach Airport (now LaGuardia Airport), and later Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn directly across from Riis Park. The base was vacated by June 1930, and demolition of the base was ordered in October 1930. On October 17, 1925, a ferry service was opened between Barren Island, Brooklyn (later Floyd Bennett Field airport) and Riis Park. In 1926, a short macadam transverse road was created between Washington Avenue and the ferry terminal. The road was later paved with concrete, and expanded from wide to wide. A small concession stand was also constructed at","title":"Jacob Riis Park"},{"psg_id":"9165956","text":"Povl Riis Povl Riis (1925-2017) was a Danish gastroenterologist. Riis was born on 28 December 1925. In 1956 he used, for the first time, amniocentesis to make an antenatal diagnose of genetic disease. Riis also served as chair of National Research Ethics Committee of Denmark, from its creation in 1979, until 1998. He wrote the second version of the Helsinki Declaration of Human Research in 1975 with Prof. Bloomquist (Sweden) and Prof. Engers (Norway). He is also a founding member of Vancouver Group of Medical Editors. Riis received his M.D. from the University of Copenhagen in 1952 and DM Sci","title":"Povl Riis"},{"psg_id":"20761716","text":"on 15 January 1877 at the age of 79. Christian Riis married Christine Ingeborg Geerdsen on 2 June 1820 in Løgumkloster. The couple had six children: Another nephew of Andreas Riis was Hans Nicolai Riis (27 January 1822 - 14 July 1890) who arrived in Akropong as a missionary in 1845. In 1850, he returned to Europe as a result of ill-health. Hans Riis lived in Basel from 1850 to 1858. He moved to the United States, where he lived from 1858 to 1869. He became a parish priest in Reisby in Nordslesvig. H. N. Riis published a grammar book","title":"Andreas Riis"},{"psg_id":"13579047","text":"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"13579043","text":"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"2361059","text":"deal worth €1 million per year. Tinkov had previously criticised Riis and Contador for their performances during 2013 via social media. In March 2015 the team confirmed that Riis had been removed from active duty due to differences between Riis and Tinkov. Media reports had initially indicated that Riis had been suspended when he did not appear at the 2015 Milan–San Remo as planned, and that this was due to a disappointing start to the season for the team. On 29 March, it was announced that Riis had been released by the team. News reports cited the \"tumultuous relationship\" and","title":"Bjarne Riis"},{"psg_id":"9165958","text":"Cooperative Board for Medical Science from 1970 to 1972; of the Danish National Sciences Ethical Committee for Medicine from 1979–98; and of the Age Forum from 1996. He died on 2 January 2017. Povl Riis Povl Riis (1925-2017) was a Danish gastroenterologist. Riis was born on 28 December 1925. In 1956 he used, for the first time, amniocentesis to make an antenatal diagnose of genetic disease. Riis also served as chair of National Research Ethics Committee of Denmark, from its creation in 1979, until 1998. He wrote the second version of the Helsinki Declaration of Human Research in 1975 with","title":"Povl Riis"},{"psg_id":"20761719","text":"the expansion of economic opportunities for the native people of the Gold Coast through commerce and industry in the arts and crafts over an ninety-year period, between 1828 and 1918. The \"Presbyterian Book Depot\" in Kumasi was named \"A-Riis Company Limited\" in his honour. A 1958 scholarly piece authored by the Swiss German church historian and theologian, Hans Werner Debrunner, on Riis' life dubbed him, albeit in hagiographic and hyperbolic terms, as the \"\"Moses of the Ghana Presbyterian Church\"\". Andreas Riis Andreas Riis (12 January 1804 – 13 January 1854) was a Danish minister and pioneer missionary who is widely","title":"Andreas Riis"},{"psg_id":"6426547","text":"in Ottawa. Nelson Riis Nelson Andrew Riis (born January 10, 1942) is a Canadian businessman and former politician and New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP). A geographer and teacher by profession, Riis taught in public schools and at the post-secondary level. He taught at what is presently known as Thompson Rivers University, and served as chair of social sciences for ten years. He served as an alderman in Kamloops, British Columbia from 1973 to 1978, and as a school trustee from 1978 until 1980. He was director of the Thompson-Nicola Regional District. Riis was very active in Kamloops","title":"Nelson Riis"},{"psg_id":"6426542","text":"Nelson Riis Nelson Andrew Riis (born January 10, 1942) is a Canadian businessman and former politician and New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP). A geographer and teacher by profession, Riis taught in public schools and at the post-secondary level. He taught at what is presently known as Thompson Rivers University, and served as chair of social sciences for ten years. He served as an alderman in Kamloops, British Columbia from 1973 to 1978, and as a school trustee from 1978 until 1980. He was director of the Thompson-Nicola Regional District. Riis was very active in Kamloops and surrounding","title":"Nelson Riis"},{"psg_id":"7578097","text":"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \"Tramp\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \"Katy\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \"Katy\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \"Katy\", which is a modern retelling of \"What Katy Did\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \"What Katy Did\" was followed by four sequels: \"What Katy Did at School\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"20761682","text":"isolated woody hilly countryside in Akropong – Akuapem where the climate is much cooler and had a more conducive environment for evangelisation to due to a lack of acculturation in comparison to coastal towns. Riis also wanted to master the Twi language. As the Basel Mission was a separate non-political, international entity, Riis did not want to be viewed as colonial agent of the Danes. The Danish colonial government did not take kindly to the decision by Riis to relocate to Akropong. The Danish authorities viewed the relocation as an intrusion on colonial control on the coast and a rejection","title":"Andreas Riis"},{"psg_id":"7578098","text":"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"20284032","text":"Stella Asling-Riis Stella Eugenie Asling-Riis (October 4, 1869 — 1957) was a Canadian writer and a clubwoman in New York City. Histella Eugenia Asling was born at Simcoe, Ontario, the daughter of Charles Wesley Asling and Mary Isabella Morrow Asling. She attended Parkdale Collegiate Institute in Toronto. An early example of short fiction by Stella Asling, \"To History Unknown,\" appeared in \"The Canadian Magazine\" in 1893. Asling-Riis wrote a serialized epistolary tale, \"The Adventures of Elisa\" (1912), for \"The American Scandinavian Magazine\". Historical novels by Stella Asling-Riis included \"Crowned at Elim\" (1903), \"The Great Fresh Sea\" (1931) and \"Star Over","title":"Stella Asling-Riis"},{"psg_id":"20761687","text":"cuboid stone buildings. The locals named him \"\"Osiadan\"\", meaning \"builder\" in the Akan language. Riis ate local foods and spoke Akuapem Twi just like the people of Akropong. Riis lived like the locals at the time, spending weeks in the forest, sleeping on palm branches and feeding on peppersoup, snails and wormfish by some accounts. He also enjoyed the locally brewed beer, \"Pito\" and freshly tapped palm wine, often whiling away the night in the palm wine tapper's hut with his friends. In his role as an amateur naturalist and experimental ethnologist, Andreas Riis wrote several ethnographic and cartographic extracts","title":"Andreas Riis"},{"psg_id":"20761717","text":"and glossary in the Twi language in 1853. Andreas Riis died on 13 January 1854 at the relatively young age of 50 in Naksby near Grimstad, Norway. Other historical sources list an alternate date of death as 20 January 1854. His remains were buried in the former Norwegian municipality of Fjære, which now forms a part of Grimstad. In October 1854, Riis' obituary was published in the tenth issue of the Basel Mission's bulletin, \"Der Evangelische Heidenbote\". Framed as a tragic character and what Jon Miller called a \"\"strategic deviant\"\", Riis' complex legacy is connected to his personal traits: charisma,","title":"Andreas Riis"},{"psg_id":"801602","text":"like Topsy, it grew.\" Other newspapers, such as the \"New York Tribune\", published kinder reviews. Two years later, another reviewer reported that Riis's story was widely reprinted and dubbed him as one of the \"best-known authors and ... one of the most popular lecturers in the United States.\" The value of Riis's autobiography lies in the description of his origins as a social reformer. His early experiences in Ribe gave Riis a yardstick with which to measure tenement dwellers' quality of life. The account of the development of his powers of observation through his experiences as a poor immigrant lent","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801594","text":"his own photographs with others commissioned of professionals, donations by amateurs and purchased lantern slides, all of which formed the basis for his photographic archive. Because so much of the work was done at night, he was able to photograph the worst elements of the New York slums, the dark streets, tenement apartments, and \"stale-beer\" dives, and documented the hardships faced by the poor and criminal, especially in the vicinity of notorious Mulberry Street. Riis accumulated a supply of photography and attempted to submit illustrated essays to magazines. But when an editor at \"Harper's New Monthly\" Magazine said that he","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801591","text":"more photographer friends, Henry Piffard and Richard Hoe Lawrence, and the four of them began to photograph the slums. Their first report was published in the New York newspaper \"The Sun\" on February 12, 1888; it was an unsigned article by Riis which described its author as \"an energetic gentleman, who combines in his person, though not in practice, the two dignities of deacon in a Long Island church and a police reporter in New York\". The \"pictures of Gotham's crime and misery by night and day\" are described as \"a foundation for a lecture called 'The Other Half: How","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801590","text":"to read that \"a way had been discovered to take pictures by flashlight. The darkest corner might be photographed that way.\" The German innovation, by Adolf Miethe and Johannes Gaedicke, flash powder was a mixture of magnesium with potassium chlorate and some antimony sulfide for added stability; the powder was used in a pistol-like device that fired cartridges. This was the introduction of flash photography. Recognizing the potential of the flash, Riis informed a friend, Dr. John Nagle, chief of the Bureau of Vital Statistics in the City Health Department who was also a keen amateur photographer. Nagle found two","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801588","text":"of police reporter. He was based in a press office across from police headquarters on Mulberry Street. \"Nicknamed 'Death's Thoroughfare'\", Riis's biographer Alexander Alland writes, \"It was here, where the street crooks its elbow at the Five Points, that the streets and numerous alleys radiated in all directions, forming the foul core of the New York slums.\" During these stints as a police reporter, Riis worked the most crime-ridden and impoverished slums of the city. Through his own experiences in the poorhouses, and witnessing the conditions of the poor in the city slums, he decided to make a difference for","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801580","text":"lodging-house. At one time Riis's only companion was a stray dog. One morning he awoke in a lodging-house to find that his gold locket (with its strand of Elisabeth's hair) had been stolen. He complained to the sergeant, who became enraged and expelled him. Riis was devastated. The story became a favorite of Riis's. One of his personal victories, he later confessed, was not using his eventual fame to ruin the career of the offending officer. Disgusted, he left New York, buying a passage on a ferry with the silk handkerchief that was his last possession. By doing odd jobs","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"801576","text":"urban areas became significantly more heterogeneous as many immigrants arrived, creating ethnic enclaves often more populous than many of the cities of their homelands. \"In the 1880s 334,000 people were crammed into a single square mile of the Lower East Side, making it the most densely populated place on earth. They were packed into filthy, disease-ridden tenements, 10 or 15 to a room, and the well-off knew nothing about them and cared less.\" After five days, during which he used almost all his money, Riis found work as a carpenter at Brady's Bend Iron Works on the Allegheny River above","title":"Jacob Riis"},{"psg_id":"430813","text":"Book of Jacob The Book of Jacob: The Brother of Nephi, usually referred to as the Book of Jacob, is the third of fifteen books in the Book of Mormon. According to the text, it was written by the ancient prophet Jacob. The purpose of the book, in his own words, is to persuade all men to \"come unto Christ\" (Jacob 1:7). While this book contains some history of the Nephites, including the death of Nephi, it is mainly a record of Jacob's preachings to his people. Chapter 5 contains the Parable of the Olive Tree, a lengthy allegory of","title":"Book of Jacob"},{"psg_id":"430821","text":"could make his last sermon. He confessed Christ, and said he had been deceived by the devil, and retracted everything he said about Jacob. He said he feared that he had committed the unpardonable sin, which is lying to God. Then he died. When Jacob finished writing on the plates he bequeathed them to his son Enos. Book of Jacob The Book of Jacob: The Brother of Nephi, usually referred to as the Book of Jacob, is the third of fifteen books in the Book of Mormon. According to the text, it was written by the ancient prophet Jacob. The","title":"Book of Jacob"},{"psg_id":"7578085","text":"up: \"What Katy Did at School\" and \"What Katy Did Next\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\"Clover\" and \"In the High Valley\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"11463660","text":"Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for \"The Guardian\", wrote: \"The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for \"Variety\", wrote \"...it’s the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening’s best calling card...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones.\" It won Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination at the 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards and, although they did","title":"The Play What I Wrote"},{"psg_id":"15807114","text":"What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series focuses on Australian writers talking about their work. They are interviewed and presented by Dr. Tess Brady. The first series broadcast on ABC TV 1 in February 2010. The second series broadcast from mid October 2010. Joanna Murray-Smith discusses the power of words in Nightfall Joanna Murray-Smith explores love, identity and belonging in Honour Louis Nowra talks about shedding the misconceptions of childhood in Radiance Louis Nowra discusses art and claims it should not be relevant in Cosi Hannie Rayson explores family","title":"What I Wrote"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801607\",\n \"text\": \"the park and led the public in giving him three cheers of \\\"Hooray, Jacob Riis!\\\" Other parks also were created, and Riis was popularly credited with them as well. Riis wrote his autobiography, \\\"The Making of an American\\\", in 1901. His daughter, Clara C. Riis, married Dr. William Clarence Fiske. His son, John Riis (1882–1946), served in Gifford Pinchot's new United States Forest Service from 1907 to 1913 as a ranger and forest supervisor on national forests in Utah, California and Oregon. He chronicled his time in the Forest Service in his 1937 book, \\\"Ranger Trails\\\". Another son, Edward V.\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801605\",\n \"text\": \"Riis for life, later remarking, \\\"\\\"Jacob Riis, whom I am tempted to call the best American I ever knew, although he was already a young man when he came hither from Denmark\\\".\\\" After Roosevelt became president, he wrote a tribute to Riis that started: For his part, Riis wrote a campaign biography of Roosevelt that praised him. A particularly important effort by Riis was his exposure of the condition of New York's water supply. His five-column story \\\"Some Things We Drink\\\", in the 21 August 1891 edition of the New York \\\"Evening Sun\\\", included six photographs (later lost). Riis wrote:\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684049\",\n \"text\": \"Jacob Riis Park Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park or Jacob Riis State Park, is a seaside park at the southwestern end of the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, adjacent to the east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach. Originally a city-run park under the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is currently part of the Jamaica Bay Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, and is managed by the National Park Service\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684129\",\n \"text\": \"Park parking lot is a pay-to-park facility during summer months. The park was featured in a Cracker Jack commercial in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the boardwalk and the Wise clock shown. Jacob Riis Park Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park or Jacob Riis State Park, is a seaside park at the southwestern end of the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, adjacent to the east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach. Originally a city-run\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801614\",\n \"text\": \"also criticized for his depiction of African Americans. He was said to portray them as falsely happy with their lives in the \\\"slums\\\" of New York City. This criticism didn't come until much later after Riis had died. His writing was overlooked because his photography was so revolutionary in his early books. Riis is honored together with Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on July 2. Jacob Riis Jacob August Riis (; May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) was a Danish-American social reformer, \\\"muckraking\\\" journalist and social\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801571\",\n \"text\": \"very early adoption of flash in photography. While living in New York, Riis experienced poverty and became a police reporter writing about the quality of life in the slums. He attempted to alleviate the bad living conditions of poor people by exposing their living conditions to the middle and upper classes. Born in Ribe, Denmark, Jacob Riis was the third of the 15 children (one of whom, an orphaned niece, was fostered) of Niels Edward Riis, a schoolteacher and writer for the local Ribe newspaper, and Carolina Riis (\\\"née\\\" Bendsine Lundholm), a homemaker. Among the 15, only Jacob, one sister,\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801599\",\n \"text\": \"which somehow appropriated Riis's own photographs. \\\"Children of the Poor\\\" (1892) was a sequel in which Riis wrote of particular children that he had encountered. \\\"The Making of an American\\\" (1901), an autobiography, follows Riis's early life in Denmark and his struggles as an immigrant in the United States. The book also describes how Riis became a reporter and how his work in immigrant enclaves kindled his desire for social reforms. Riis organized his autobiography chronologically, but each chapter illustrates a broader theme that America is a land of opportunity for those who are bold enough to take chances on\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801608\",\n \"text\": \"Riis, was appointed US Director of Public Information in Copenhagen toward the end of World War I; he is known to have spoken publicly against antisemitism. A third son, Roger Williams Riis (1894–1953), was also a reporter and activist. In 1905, Jacob Riis's wife Elisabeth became ill and died. Riis remarried in 1907, and with his new wife, Mary Phillips, relocated to a farm in Barre, Massachusetts. Riis died at the farm on May 26, 1914. His second wife lived until 1967, continuing work on the farm, working on Wall Street and teaching classes at Columbia University. Riis's grave is\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801589\",\n \"text\": \"them. Working night-shift duty in the immigrant communities of Manhattan's Lower East Side, Riis developed a tersely melodramatic writing style and he became one of the earliest reformist journalists. Riis had for some time been wondering how to show the squalor of which he wrote more vividly than his words could express. He tried sketching, but was incompetent at this. Camera lenses of the 1880s were slow as was the emulsion of photographic plates; photography thus did not seem to be of any use for reporting about conditions of life in dark interiors. In early 1887, however, Riis was startled\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801585\",\n \"text\": \"write about both the rich and live in impoverished immigrant communities. He did his job well and was able to become editor of a weekly newspaper, the \\\"News.\\\" However, this newspaper, the periodical of a political group, soon became bankrupt. Simultaneously, and unusually, Riis got a letter from home which related that both his older brothers, an aunt, and Elisabeth Gjørtz's fiancé had died. Riis wrote to Elisabeth to propose, and with $75 of his savings and promissory notes, he bought the \\\"News\\\" company. Riis worked hard at his newspaper and soon paid his debts. Newly independent, he was able\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684077\",\n \"text\": \"the Rockaways, and the possibility of Riis Park out-competing privately owned beaches and resorts leading to declines in property values. In 1936, Moses released what would be the final plan for Jacob Riis Park, designed by Clarke, Loyd, and Parks Department architect Aymar Embury II. Under this plan, the mall was relocated to the western end of the property, with a design similar to that of Orchard Beach in the Bronx which was being built at the same time. The parking area design was altered from two square lots in the 1934 plan, into the current large curved and asymmetrical\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684097\",\n \"text\": \"numerous improvements were performed on the bathhouse, with plans to repave the central courtyard. By July 2006, however, the repairs had not been finished. However, a new bust depicting Jacob Riis had been installed at the Central Mall that April. In late October 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the New York City area, particularly effecting the Rockaway Peninsula. At Riis Park, sand was pushed north from the beach onto the back beach areas. The bathhouse was flooded and damaged. However, structures like the Wise Clock and the new Jacob Riis bust were generally unscathed. During the recovery effort, the large parking\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684068\",\n \"text\": \"York City Subway. One of the new routes in the plan involved recapturing the New York, Woodhaven and Rockaway Railroad, which by this time became the Rockaway Beach Branch of the Long Island Rail Road, and extending it as a subway line west from Rockaway Park to Jacob Riis Park. The extension of the line to the park was never constructed. After the remainder of Riis Park was relinquished by the Navy, in fall 1930 Queens Parks Commissioner Albert C. Benninger proposed the construction of a bathing pavilion at Jacob Riis Park. Benninger had been inspired by the design of\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801573\",\n \"text\": \"they cleaned it. The tenants took the money and obliged; when he told his mother, she went to help. Though his father had hoped that Jacob would have a literary career, Jacob wanted to be a carpenter. When he was 16, he became fond of Elisabeth Gjørtz, the 12-year-old adopted daughter of the owner of the company for which he worked as an apprentice carpenter. The father disapproved of the boy's blundering attentions, and Riis was forced to complete his carpentry apprenticeship in Copenhagen. Riis returned to Ribe in 1868 at age 19. Discouraged by poor job availability in the\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801570\",\n \"text\": \"Jacob Riis Jacob August Riis (; May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) was a Danish-American social reformer, \\\"muckraking\\\" journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. He endorsed the implementation of \\\"model tenements\\\" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller. Additionally, as one of the most famous proponents of the newly practicable casual photography, he is considered one of the fathers of photography due to his\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684079\",\n \"text\": \"In order to fund the park and several others around the city, Moses asked the New York City Board of Estimate for $3.6 million of funding in 1936. The funds would go to Jacob Riis Park, Fort Tryon Park, Pelham Bay Park, and the two Marine Parks. These funds, which Moses requested from the Board of Estimate annually for several years afterward, ended up doing little to fund each of the parks, with the exception of Jacob Riis Park, which would be completed with $3.5 million in funding. The Board of Estimate money went toward the Marine Parkway Bridge, one\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684051\",\n \"text\": \"getaway for New York City residents comparable to Jones Beach State Park on Long Island. The park was built along with the Marine Parkway Bridge and the Belt Parkway in nearby Brooklyn, which provided access to the park. After a period of decline, in 1974 Jacob Riis Park was transferred to the control of the National Park Service. The Jacob Riis Park Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It features an extensive sand beach along the Atlantic Ocean coastline and several historic Art Deco structures, including a bathhouse built in 1932 and reconfigured\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684087\",\n \"text\": \"toilet and bathhouse facilities, although further renovations occurred during this time. The park was damaged by the Ash Wednesday Storm in March 1962. Riis Park also experienced increased crime: an 18-year-old was fatally stabbed at the beach in May 1962, and the bust of Jacob Riis at the Central Mall was stolen in June 1964. The park's disrepair ended up endangering park visitors; in August 1965, eighty people swimming at Riis Park and Rockaway Beach were treated for stings from Portuguese man o' war hydrozoans, a taxonomic class similar to jellyfish. In addition to vandalism, there were increasing arrests for\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684081\",\n \"text\": \"Cross Bay Boulevard. The upgraded Jacob Riis Park was initially set to open along with Orchard Beach on June 19, 1937, but the openings were pushed back due to unfinished work. Both beaches were opened on June 25, 1937. Work on the parking lot and bathhouse were completed at this time. The Marine Parkway Bridge was opened July 3, 1937, after which the ferry service to Riis Park was discontinued. With the opening of the bridge, Green Bus Lines created a new route, the Q35, operating across the bridge between Riis Park and the Flatbush−Nostrand Avenues station in Brooklyn. In\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684050\",\n \"text\": \"(NPS). Plans emerged for a coastal park located in the Rockaways in the early 20th century, with the property acquired by the city in 1912. Initially called Seaside Park and later Telawana Park, the park was named in 1914 for social journalist Jacob Riis, who advocated for the creation of the park. During World War I, the site was used as the Rockaway Naval Air Station, one of the first naval air stations in the United States. Riis Park was largely constructed between 1936 and 1937 by New York City Parks Commissioner Robert Moses, who envisioned Riis Park as a\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801572\",\n \"text\": \"and the foster sister survived into the twentieth century. Riis was influenced by his father, whose school Riis delighted in disrupting. His father persuaded him to read (and improve his English via) Charles Dickens's magazine \\\"All the Year Round\\\" and the novels of James Fenimore Cooper. Jacob had a happy childhood, but the experienced tragedy at the age of eleven when his brother Theodore, a year younger, drowned. He never forgot his mother's grief. At age eleven or twelve, he donated all the money he had and gave it to a poor Ribe family living in a squalid house if\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801587\",\n \"text\": \"he used a \\\"magic lantern\\\" projector to advertise in Brooklyn, projecting either onto a sheet hung between two trees or onto a screen behind a window. The novelty was a success, and Riis and a friend relocated to upstate New York and Pennsylvania as itinerant advertisers. However, this enterprise ended when the pair became involved in an armed dispute between striking railroad workers and the police. Riis quickly returned to New York City. A neighbor of Riis, who was the city editor of the \\\"New-York Tribune\\\", recommended Riis for a short-term contract. Riis did well and was offered the job\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684053\",\n \"text\": \"muckraker journalist and photographer who documented the plight of the poor and working class. What is now the site of Jacob Riis Park on the western Rockaway Peninsula was under water as recently as the early 19th century. The peninsula was gradually expanded westward by the natural accretion of sand from tidal action. By 1878, the peninsula extended as far as the current western boundaries of the park. The peninsula reached its current extents by the turn of the 20th century. During the War of 1812, the United States Army erected a blockhouse west of the future park site, on\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801604\",\n \"text\": \"somehow. Upon his 1895 appointment to the presidency of the Board of Commissioners of the New York City Police Department, Roosevelt asked Riis to show him nighttime police work. During their first tour, the pair found that nine out of ten patrolmen were missing. Riis wrote about this for the next day's newspaper, and for the rest of Roosevelt's term the force was more attentive. Roosevelt closed the police-managed lodging rooms in which Riis had suffered during his first years in New York. After reading the exposés, Roosevelt was so deeply affected by Riis's sense of justice that he befriended\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684100\",\n \"text\": \"project was supported by the district manager of Queens Community Board 14. Two Queens congressmen also supported the pipeline, as did Anthony Weiner before his resignation. The pipeline was opposed by local environmental groups, who felt it would disturb a nearby artificial reef. Grimm was subsequently found to have received campaign money from both Williams and National Grid. Shortly after Hurricane Sandy, on November 7, 2012, the Rockaway Lateral Pipeline bill was signed into law. The pipeline was put in service by May 2015. Jacob Riis Park is located at the west end of the Rockaway Peninsula, between Fort Tilden\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684114\",\n \"text\": \"retail space at its eastern end, and a patio area in front of it. Like the bathhouse, the mall buildings were painted gray upon opening in 1937. A bandstand was originally located in between the two buildings in the center of the plaza, but was removed in 1954. A bronze bust of Jacob Riis had been installed adjacent to the western mall building in 1940, donated by Riis' son Roger. The bust rested on a granite pedestal constructed by the Parks Department with money from the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, the highway agency also controlled by Robert Moses. After\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684099\",\n \"text\": \"proposals to reuse the entry pavilion and bathhouse. On July 21, 2011, Staten Island Congressman Michael G. Grimm introduced H.R. 2606, the New York City Natural Gas Supply Enhancement Act, to the U.S. Congress. As proposed in the bill, a natural gas pipeline called the Rockaway Delivery Lateral Project, proposed by Williams Companies, would connect to an existing offshore pipeline and running south-to-north through the sites of Jacob Riis Park and Floyd Bennett Field. The pipeline would run through the golf course of Riis Park, then connect to a new along Flatbush Avenue to be constructed by National Grid. The\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684088\",\n \"text\": \"drug-related offenses on the beach.In 1972, the National Park Service established the Gateway National Recreation Area around Jamaica Bay. Jacob Riis Park was ceded to the NPS two years later, on March 4, 1974. Upon takeover, focus was put on Riis Park due to it being the most heavily visited part of the Gateway Area. Under NPS' purview, several renovations occurred, including the installation of new roofing on the bathhouse and mall buildings, and the restoration of the Wise Clock which had been taken out of operation. The NPS also began to crack down on nude bathing on the beach.\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684082\",\n \"text\": \"addition, the Brooklyn Bus Corporation extended their B2 bus route to Riis Park. Due to increasing bus traffic, the Parks Department and the Brooklyn Bus Corporation constructed an enclosed bus shelter with turnstiles to expedite passenger boarding. On Friday August 6, 1937, the park began holding weekly fireworks shows. The park's pitch and putt golf course was opened on May 14, 1938. The Belt Parkway system was opened in June 1940, connecting to the Marine Parkway Bridge. A lighted softball field just west of the bathhouse was created in summer 1940. A bust of Jacob Riis at the western mall\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684060\",\n \"text\": \"March 21, 1912 via condemnation, with the city paying around $1.3 million for the site. Around this time, the park was renamed Telawana Park. On March 25, 1913, the tract was transferred to the New York City Parks Department. The site for the hospital at the east end of the beach was transferred from the Parks Department on April 24, 1913. After Riis died in May 1914, former United States President Theodore Roosevelt advocated for the renaming of the park to Jacob Riis Park. The name change was approved on January 4, 1915. Neponsit Beach Hospital for Children opened on\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684056\",\n \"text\": \"1900, the property that would later would become Riis Park was acquired by Edward P. Hatch as part of two lots totaling in size. The first plot, the \\\"Hatch Tract,\\\" was while the second \\\"Bell Harbor tract\\\" was . The land consisted predominantly of marshland and meadows yet to be developed. From 1902 to 1903, the City of New York initially attempted to create a seaside beach park in Staten Island. In 1904, the city planned to build an oceanside park in the western Rockaways near Rockaway Point (Breezy Point), supported by Jacob Riis' Association for Improving the Condition of\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801593\",\n \"text\": \"by the flash. Riis's first team soon tired of the late hours, and Riis had to find other help. Both his assistants were lazy and one was dishonest, selling plates for which Riis had paid. Riis sued him in court successfully. Nagle suggested that Riis should become self-sufficient, so in January 1888 Riis paid $25 for a 4×5 box camera, plate holders, a tripod and equipment for developing and printing. He took the equipment to the potter's field cemetery on Hart Island to practice, making two exposures. The result was seriously overexposed but successful. For some three years, Riis combined\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801578\",\n \"text\": \"on waking, he walked to Fordham College where a Catholic priest served him breakfast. After a brief period of farm working and odd jobs at Mount Vernon, New York, Riis returned to New York, where he read in the newspaper New York \\\"Sun\\\" that the newspaper was recruiting soldiers for the war. Riis rushed there to enlist, but the editor (whom he later realized was Charles Anderson Dana) claimed or affected ignorance but offered the famished Riis a dollar for breakfast; Riis indignantly refused. Riis was destitute, at one time sleeping on a tombstone and surviving on windfall apples. Still,\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13613052\",\n \"text\": \"Riis Houses Jacob Riis Houses are a public housing project in the East Village, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The project is located between Avenue D and the Franklin D Roosevelt Drive, spanning two superblocks from 6th Street to 13th Street. The project consists of nineteen buildings, between six and 14 stories each, containing 1,191 apartment units. The project is named for photographer Jacob Riis, who exposed the living conditions of tenement-dwellers on the Lower East Side. Many lived in the neighborhoods which were destroyed through urban renewal to build the Houses. The Riis\",\n \"title\": \"Riis Houses\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801584\",\n \"text\": \"Points neighborhood. He was sitting outside the Cooper Union one day when the principal of the school where he had earlier learned telegraphy happened to notice him. He said that if Riis had nothing better to do, then the New York News Association was looking for a trainee. After one more night and a hurried wash in a horse trough, Riis went for an interview. Despite his disheveled appearance, he was sent for a test assignment: to observe and write about a luncheon at the Astor House. Riis covered the event competently and got the job. Riis was able to\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801583\",\n \"text\": \"to sell in Pennsylvania had cheated him in the same manner. He again had little money, and while bedridden with a fever learned from a letter that Elisabeth, the former object of his affection, was engaged to a cavalry officer. Riis then returned to New York by selling flatirons along the way. Riis noticed an advertisement by a Long Island newspaper for an editor, applied for and was appointed city editor. He quickly realized why the job had been available: the editor in chief was dishonest and indebted. Riis left in two weeks. Again unemployed, Riis returned to the Five\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684123\",\n \"text\": \"course. There are also open grass areas for picnicking and grilling. One of these areas between the bathhouse and mall was previously a lighted softball field. The crescent-shaped plot of land east of the parking lot, in size, is undeveloped and consists of open grass and trees. Baseball fields were formerly present on the southern portion of this site. The beaches at Jacob Riis Park consists of 14 bays numbered east-to-west on the Atlantic coast. The main beach occupies the western half of the park, or Bays 6 through 14, at the mouth of the Central Mall. Bays 1 through\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684067\",\n \"text\": \"the west end of the park. From 1926 to 1927, the beach protection system was expanded to the western section of the park, with additional groins installed. From 1927 to 1929, Washington Avenue was widened and paved, with a sidewalk added to both Washington Avenue and the ferry transverse road. Other minor improvements to the park took place at this time. In July 1929, an existing 1,000-car parking lot was enlarged. By this time, the patronage of Jacob Riis Park was increasing. Meanwhile, in 1929 the New York City Board of Transportation released a major expansion plan for the New\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684059\",\n \"text\": \"philanthropic groups. Following the death of Hatch in 1908, the Hatch tract was acquired first by the West Rockaway Land Company. It was then sold to the Neponsit Realty Company, which was developing the Neponsit neighborhood. Now valued between $850,000 and $1.05 million, the Neponsit Company offered to sell the site for $1.5 million. Meanwhile, the New York Parks and Playgrounds Association campaigned for the city to purchase land for a park in western Rockaway. The Parks Association created a Seaside Park Committee, with the social reformer Jacob Riis as its chairman. The tract was acquired by the city on\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684052\",\n \"text\": \"in 1937. Today, the park's sand, surf, and seaside recreation areas and famous Art Deco bathhouse make it a popular summer destination. Facilities available in season include a pitch and putt golf course and food concessions. The park was originally known as Seaside Park. It was later renamed Telawana Park after Culluloo Telewana, who was believed to be the last surviving member of the Rockaway Lenape tribe until his death in 1818. A monument to Telawana is located in Woodsburgh, Long Island, east of Far Rockaway. In 1914, the park was renamed for Jacob Riis, a famous New York City\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20761689\",\n \"text\": \"Andreas Riis, travelled through Akwamu, Shai, Kroboland, Akim Abuakwa, and Cape Coast and around New Year, arrived in the Ashanti capital, Kumasi where he spent two weeks and wrote observations on the traditional society there and the what he perceived as the unfavourable and grim prospects for mission work. Riis' poor health condition, the rough terrain and the high mortality of European missionaries, sometimes reaching eighty percent, coupled with the failure of the missionary work compelled the Basel Missionary Society to abandon the work and recall Riis in 1839. For nearly eight years Riis had been unable to take credit\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801609\",\n \"text\": \"marked by an unmarked granite boulder in Riverside Cemetery, in Barre, Massachusetts. Riis's concern for the poor and destitute often caused people to assume he disliked the rich. However, Riis showed no sign of discomfort among the affluent, often asking them for their support. Although seldom involved with party politics, Riis was sufficiently disgusted by the corruption of Tammany Hall to change from being an endorser of the Democratic Party to endorse the Republican Party. The period just before the Spanish–American War was difficult for Riis. He was approached by liberals who suspected that protests of alleged Spanish mistreatment of\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801606\",\n \"text\": \"The story resulted in the purchase by New York City of areas around the New Croton Reservoir, and may well have saved New Yorkers from an epidemic of cholera. Riis tried hard to have the slums around Five Points demolished and replaced with a park. His writings resulted in the Drexel Committee investigation of unsafe tenements; this resulted in the Small Park Act of 1887. Riis was not invited to the eventual opening of the park on 15 June 1897, but went all the same, together with Lincoln Steffens. In the last speech, the street cleaning commissioner credited Riis for\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801595\",\n \"text\": \"liked the photographs but not the writing, and would find another writer, Riis was despondent about magazine publication and instead thought of speaking directly to the public. This was not easy. The obvious venue would be a church, but several churches—including Riis's own—demurred, fearing either that the talks would offend the churchgoers' sensibilities or that they would offend rich and powerful landlords. However, Adolph Schauffler (of the City Mission Society) and Josiah Strong arranged to sponsor Riis's lecture at the Broadway Tabernacle church. Lacking money, Riis partnered with W. L. Craig, a Health Department clerk. Riis and Craig's lectures, illustrated\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801581\",\n \"text\": \"and stowing away on freight trains, Riis eventually reached Philadelphia, where he appealed to the Danish Consul, Ferdinand Myhlertz, for help and was cared for two weeks by the Consul and his wife. Myhlertz sent Riis, now dressed properly in a suit, to the home of an old classmate in Jamestown. Riis worked as a carpenter in Scandinavian communities in the western part of the state, also working a variety of other jobs. He achieved sufficient financial stability to find the time to experiment as a writer, in both Danish and English, although his attempt to get a job at\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2361050\",\n \"text\": \"repeatedly stated that \\\"I have never tested positive,\\\" a statement that falls short of an outright denial. At the end of April 2007, former Riis' soigneur Jeff d'Hont wrote a book about the doping practices of Riis and other riders during his time in the cycling business. On 21 May 2007, Riis' former Telekom teammate Bert Dietz admitted that he had used doping during his Telekom-time. This prompted other former teammates, Christian Henn and Udo Bölts, and two former team doctors, to admit their involvement in doping. On 24 May, three other teammates Rolf Aldag, Erik Zabel and Brian Holm\",\n \"title\": \"Bjarne Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684128\",\n \"text\": \"operates the Rockaway Ferry route from Pier 11/Wall Street to Beach 108th Street in Rockaway Park. A free shuttle bus travels from the ferry terminal, stopping at Beach 149th Street, the Riis Park bathhouse, and Beach 169th Street. Highway access to Riis Park is provided by the Belt Parkway, which runs along the south shore of Brooklyn and Queens. The Belt Parkway connects to the Marine Parkway Bridge via its Flatbush Avenue exit in Marine Park, Brooklyn. Cross Bay Boulevard provides access from central Queens and Broad Channel, leading to both Beach Channel Drive and Rockaway Beach Boulevard. The Riis\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684074\",\n \"text\": \"of the previous operation of the park, including the contracting of an outside firm to operate concessions and services, leading to deteriorating conditions in the park. Moses proceeded to cancel nearly all outside contracts, forming the Riis Management Corporation to run other services. Improvements to the other park structures were also completed as projects under the Works Progress Administration (WPA). From 1934 to 1935, Riis Park was the only facility run by the Parks Department to generate revenue. On August 6, 1934, Moses released his plan for Riis Park, designed by Gilmore D. Clarke, Julius Burgevin, W. Earle Andrews, and\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684054\",\n \"text\": \"what was then an island. It was demolished in 1818. In 1880, the New York, Woodhaven & Rockaway Railroad opened a railroad line between mainland Queens and the Rockaways, with a terminal in Rockaway Park. In 1879 with the railroad under construction, several New York businessmen formed the Rockaway Beach Improvement Company and drafted plans to create a landscaped park and amusement area in the western Rockaways. This development would include hotels and a horse racing track. At the approximate location of modern Riis Park would be a pavilion for beach-goers. The company purchased of land between what are now\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801612\",\n \"text\": \"quick to judge and condemn those who failed to assimilate, and he did not refrain from expressing his contempt.\\\" Gurock (1981) says Riis was insensitive to the needs and fears of East European Jewish immigrants who flooded into New York at this time. Economist Thomas Sowell (2001) argues that immigrants during Riis's time were typically willing to live in cramped, unpleasant circumstances as a deliberate short-term strategy that allowed them to save more than half their earnings to help family members come to America, with every intention of relocating to more comfortable lodgings eventually. Many tenement renters physically resisted the\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801613\",\n \"text\": \"well-intentioned relocation efforts of reformers like Riis, states Sowell, because other lodgings were too costly to allow for the high rate of savings possible in the tenements. Moreover, according to Sowell, Riis's own personal experiences were the rule rather than the exception during his era: like most immigrants and low-income persons, he lived in the tenements only temporarily before gradually earning more income and relocating to different lodgings. Riis's depictions of various ethnic groups can be harsh. In Riis's books, according to some historians, \\\"The Jews are nervous and inquisitive, the Orientals are sinister, the Italians are unsanitary.\\\" Riis was\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801611\",\n \"text\": \"of their perceived natural flaws; often prejudices that may well have been informed by scientific racism. Riis's sincerity for social reform has seldom been questioned, but critics have questioned his right to interfere with the lives and choices of others. His audience comprised middle-class reformers, and critics say that he had no love for the traditional lifestyles of the people he portrayed. Stange (1989) argues that Riis \\\"recoiled from workers and working-class culture\\\" and appealed primarily to the anxieties and fears of his middle-class audience. Swienty (2008) says, \\\"Riis was quite impatient with most of his fellow immigrants; he was\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801592\",\n \"text\": \"It Lives and Dies in New York.' to give at church and Sunday school exhibitions, and the like.\\\" The article was illustrated by twelve line drawings based on the photographs. Riis and his photographers were among the first Americans to use flash photography. Pistol lamps were dangerous and looked threatening, and would soon be replaced by another method for which Riis lit magnesium powder on a frying pan. The process involved removing the lens cap, igniting the flash powder and replacing the lens cap; the time is taken to ignite the flash powder sometimes allowed a visible image blurring created\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801586\",\n \"text\": \"to target the politicians who had previously been his employers. Meanwhile, he received a provisional acceptance from Elisabeth, who asked him to come to Denmark for her, saying \\\"We will strive together for all that is noble and good\\\". Conveniently, the politicians offered to buy back the newspaper for five times the price Riis had paid; he was thus able to arrive in Denmark with a substantial amount of money. After some months in Denmark, the newly married couple arrived in New York. Riis worked briefly as editor of a south Brooklyn newspaper, the \\\"Brooklyn News.\\\" To supplement his income,\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801582\",\n \"text\": \"a Buffalo, New York newspaper was unsuccessful, and magazines rejected his submissions. Riis was in much demand as a carpenter, a major reason being the low prices he charged. However, his employers exploited his efficiency and low prices, and Riis returned to New York City. He was most successful as a salesman, particularly of flatirons and fluting irons, becoming promoted to the sales representative of them for Illinois. However, in Chicago he was cheated of both his money and his stock and had to return to an earlier base in Pittsburgh. There he found that his subordinates he had left\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801579\",\n \"text\": \"he found work at a brickyard at Little Washington in New Jersey, and was there for six weeks until he heard that a group of volunteers was going to the war. Thereupon he left for New York. On arrival, Riis found that the rumor was true but that he had arrived too late. He pleaded with the French consul, who expelled him. He made various other attempts to enlist, none successful. As autumn began, Riis was destitute, without a job. He survived on scavenged food and handouts from Delmonico's Restaurant and slept in public areas or in a foul-smelling police\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801575\",\n \"text\": \"Company), a friend of the family since his rescue from a shipwreck at Ribe. Riis disembarked in New York on June 5, on that day spending half of the $40 his friends had given him on a revolver for defense against human or animal predators. When Riis arrived in New York City, he was one of a large number of migrants and immigrants, seeking prosperity in a more industrialized environment, who came to urban areas during the years after the American Civil War. Twenty-four million people relocated to urban areas, causing their population to increase eightfold. The demographics of American\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801574\",\n \"text\": \"region and Gjørtz's disfavor of his marriage proposal, Riis decided to emigrate to the United States. Riis immigrated to America in 1870, when he was 21 years old, seeking employment as a carpenter. He first traveled in a small boat from Copenhagen to Glasgow, where on May 18 he boarded the steamer \\\"Iowa\\\", traveling in steerage. He carried $40 donated by friends (he had paid $50 for the passage himself); a gold locket with a strand of Elisabeth's hair, presented by her mother; and letters of introduction to the Danish Consul, Mr. Goodall (later president of the American Bank Note\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13613053\",\n \"text\": \"Houses were completed January 17, 1949, according to plans of principal architects Walker & Gillette. The buildings are managed by the New York City Housing Authority. On March 6, 2012 the computer hacker Hector Xavier Monsegur known as Sabu was revealed to be a resident of the Riis Houses. He lived in Apartment 6F at 90 Avenue D. Riis Houses Jacob Riis Houses are a public housing project in the East Village, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The project is located between Avenue D and the Franklin D Roosevelt Drive, spanning two superblocks from\",\n \"title\": \"Riis Houses\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20761675\",\n \"text\": \"He applied to the Basel Mission Seminary in Basel, Switzerland. In his application essay, he noted, \\\"\\\"for some time, I pursued in the carelessness of youth and when my conscience spoke, I tried to quieten it by saying: 'there is yet ample time for the conversion, I want first to enjoy the pleasures of this world.' But I could not find any rest until I had surrendered my whole life to the dear Saviour.\\\"\\\" In 1827, Andreas Christian Matthiesson, a Lutheran minister wrote a recommendation letter for Riis for his admission to the seminary. Although, Riis did not have much\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684091\",\n \"text\": \"area had originated in Fresh Kills Landfill or the city sewer system. In the 1980s during summer months on weekends, the and bus routes were extended south of their normal terminus at Kings Plaza in Brooklyn to Riis Park, with a federal subsidy funding the extension. The park's historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. Nude bathing was banned at the beach in 1983, although it continued to persist unlawfully afterwards. In May 1988, the National Park Service planned to put the Riis Park bathhouse and mall buildings up for lease, along with other\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684086\",\n \"text\": \"a nursing home called the Neponsit Home for the Aged. Meanwhile, the remaining of the property were turned over to the Parks Department to expand Riis Park, adding of beach. The plan was approved by New York City Board of Estimate in February 1959. A field with two baseball diamonds was created adjacent to the west of the former hospital in 1961, with a comfort station and concession stand erected at the southwest corner of the field. By the 1960s, Riis Park was in a state of disrepair, which included debris on the beach, and lack of maintenance of the\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684080\",\n \"text\": \"of Moses's projects to connect Riis Park to the rest of the city, while the park itself was nearly entirely built with WPA money. Work on enlarging the beach began on April 1, 1936. To increase the size of the beach from 8 to 24 acres, around of sand were dredged from Jamaica Bay. The topography of the beach was leveled, with numerous dunes eliminated. The parking lot was partially opened in June 1936 with a 6,000-car capacity. On June 15, 1936, Green Bus Lines started the Q21B bus route, operating from Brooklyn and mainland Queens to Riis Park via\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684070\",\n \"text\": \"began on November 23, 1931. The bathhouse was opened on August 6, 1932. At the time, it was only 60 percent completed. Additional work was completed in May 1933, including lockers, the restaurant, and the solarium. The solarium was expected to be the largest in the world at the time. A seawall running in front of the bathhouse along the beach and parking facilities for 5,000 cars were also completed by 1933. At this time, Riis Park received 25,000 daily visitors during summer months. While the bathhouse was being constructed, several plans were evaluated for developing Riis Park. Carl Pilat's\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8684066\",\n \"text\": \"to facilities in Valley Stream, Long Island, North Beach Airport (now LaGuardia Airport), and later Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn directly across from Riis Park. The base was vacated by June 1930, and demolition of the base was ordered in October 1930. On October 17, 1925, a ferry service was opened between Barren Island, Brooklyn (later Floyd Bennett Field airport) and Riis Park. In 1926, a short macadam transverse road was created between Washington Avenue and the ferry terminal. The road was later paved with concrete, and expanded from wide to wide. A small concession stand was also constructed at\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9165956\",\n \"text\": \"Povl Riis Povl Riis (1925-2017) was a Danish gastroenterologist. Riis was born on 28 December 1925. In 1956 he used, for the first time, amniocentesis to make an antenatal diagnose of genetic disease. Riis also served as chair of National Research Ethics Committee of Denmark, from its creation in 1979, until 1998. He wrote the second version of the Helsinki Declaration of Human Research in 1975 with Prof. Bloomquist (Sweden) and Prof. Engers (Norway). He is also a founding member of Vancouver Group of Medical Editors. Riis received his M.D. from the University of Copenhagen in 1952 and DM Sci\",\n \"title\": \"Povl Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20761716\",\n \"text\": \"on 15 January 1877 at the age of 79. Christian Riis married Christine Ingeborg Geerdsen on 2 June 1820 in Løgumkloster. The couple had six children: Another nephew of Andreas Riis was Hans Nicolai Riis (27 January 1822 - 14 July 1890) who arrived in Akropong as a missionary in 1845. In 1850, he returned to Europe as a result of ill-health. Hans Riis lived in Basel from 1850 to 1858. He moved to the United States, where he lived from 1858 to 1869. He became a parish priest in Reisby in Nordslesvig. H. N. Riis published a grammar book\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2361059\",\n \"text\": \"deal worth €1 million per year. Tinkov had previously criticised Riis and Contador for their performances during 2013 via social media. In March 2015 the team confirmed that Riis had been removed from active duty due to differences between Riis and Tinkov. Media reports had initially indicated that Riis had been suspended when he did not appear at the 2015 Milan–San Remo as planned, and that this was due to a disappointing start to the season for the team. On 29 March, it was announced that Riis had been released by the team. News reports cited the \\\"tumultuous relationship\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Bjarne Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9165958\",\n \"text\": \"Cooperative Board for Medical Science from 1970 to 1972; of the Danish National Sciences Ethical Committee for Medicine from 1979–98; and of the Age Forum from 1996. He died on 2 January 2017. Povl Riis Povl Riis (1925-2017) was a Danish gastroenterologist. Riis was born on 28 December 1925. In 1956 he used, for the first time, amniocentesis to make an antenatal diagnose of genetic disease. Riis also served as chair of National Research Ethics Committee of Denmark, from its creation in 1979, until 1998. He wrote the second version of the Helsinki Declaration of Human Research in 1975 with\",\n \"title\": \"Povl Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20761719\",\n \"text\": \"the expansion of economic opportunities for the native people of the Gold Coast through commerce and industry in the arts and crafts over an ninety-year period, between 1828 and 1918. The \\\"Presbyterian Book Depot\\\" in Kumasi was named \\\"A-Riis Company Limited\\\" in his honour. A 1958 scholarly piece authored by the Swiss German church historian and theologian, Hans Werner Debrunner, on Riis' life dubbed him, albeit in hagiographic and hyperbolic terms, as the \\\"\\\"Moses of the Ghana Presbyterian Church\\\"\\\". Andreas Riis Andreas Riis (12 January 1804 – 13 January 1854) was a Danish minister and pioneer missionary who is widely\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6426547\",\n \"text\": \"in Ottawa. Nelson Riis Nelson Andrew Riis (born January 10, 1942) is a Canadian businessman and former politician and New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP). A geographer and teacher by profession, Riis taught in public schools and at the post-secondary level. He taught at what is presently known as Thompson Rivers University, and served as chair of social sciences for ten years. He served as an alderman in Kamloops, British Columbia from 1973 to 1978, and as a school trustee from 1978 until 1980. He was director of the Thompson-Nicola Regional District. Riis was very active in Kamloops\",\n \"title\": \"Nelson Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6426542\",\n \"text\": \"Nelson Riis Nelson Andrew Riis (born January 10, 1942) is a Canadian businessman and former politician and New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP). A geographer and teacher by profession, Riis taught in public schools and at the post-secondary level. He taught at what is presently known as Thompson Rivers University, and served as chair of social sciences for ten years. He served as an alderman in Kamloops, British Columbia from 1973 to 1978, and as a school trustee from 1978 until 1980. He was director of the Thompson-Nicola Regional District. Riis was very active in Kamloops and surrounding\",\n \"title\": \"Nelson Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20761682\",\n \"text\": \"isolated woody hilly countryside in Akropong – Akuapem where the climate is much cooler and had a more conducive environment for evangelisation to due to a lack of acculturation in comparison to coastal towns. Riis also wanted to master the Twi language. As the Basel Mission was a separate non-political, international entity, Riis did not want to be viewed as colonial agent of the Danes. The Danish colonial government did not take kindly to the decision by Riis to relocate to Akropong. The Danish authorities viewed the relocation as an intrusion on colonial control on the coast and a rejection\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20284032\",\n \"text\": \"Stella Asling-Riis Stella Eugenie Asling-Riis (October 4, 1869 — 1957) was a Canadian writer and a clubwoman in New York City. Histella Eugenia Asling was born at Simcoe, Ontario, the daughter of Charles Wesley Asling and Mary Isabella Morrow Asling. She attended Parkdale Collegiate Institute in Toronto. An early example of short fiction by Stella Asling, \\\"To History Unknown,\\\" appeared in \\\"The Canadian Magazine\\\" in 1893. Asling-Riis wrote a serialized epistolary tale, \\\"The Adventures of Elisa\\\" (1912), for \\\"The American Scandinavian Magazine\\\". Historical novels by Stella Asling-Riis included \\\"Crowned at Elim\\\" (1903), \\\"The Great Fresh Sea\\\" (1931) and \\\"Star Over\",\n \"title\": \"Stella Asling-Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20761687\",\n \"text\": \"cuboid stone buildings. The locals named him \\\"\\\"Osiadan\\\"\\\", meaning \\\"builder\\\" in the Akan language. Riis ate local foods and spoke Akuapem Twi just like the people of Akropong. Riis lived like the locals at the time, spending weeks in the forest, sleeping on palm branches and feeding on peppersoup, snails and wormfish by some accounts. He also enjoyed the locally brewed beer, \\\"Pito\\\" and freshly tapped palm wine, often whiling away the night in the palm wine tapper's hut with his friends. In his role as an amateur naturalist and experimental ethnologist, Andreas Riis wrote several ethnographic and cartographic extracts\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20761717\",\n \"text\": \"and glossary in the Twi language in 1853. Andreas Riis died on 13 January 1854 at the relatively young age of 50 in Naksby near Grimstad, Norway. Other historical sources list an alternate date of death as 20 January 1854. His remains were buried in the former Norwegian municipality of Fjære, which now forms a part of Grimstad. In October 1854, Riis' obituary was published in the tenth issue of the Basel Mission's bulletin, \\\"Der Evangelische Heidenbote\\\". Framed as a tragic character and what Jon Miller called a \\\"\\\"strategic deviant\\\"\\\", Riis' complex legacy is connected to his personal traits: charisma,\",\n \"title\": \"Andreas Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801602\",\n \"text\": \"like Topsy, it grew.\\\" Other newspapers, such as the \\\"New York Tribune\\\", published kinder reviews. Two years later, another reviewer reported that Riis's story was widely reprinted and dubbed him as one of the \\\"best-known authors and ... one of the most popular lecturers in the United States.\\\" The value of Riis's autobiography lies in the description of his origins as a social reformer. His early experiences in Ribe gave Riis a yardstick with which to measure tenement dwellers' quality of life. The account of the development of his powers of observation through his experiences as a poor immigrant lent\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801594\",\n \"text\": \"his own photographs with others commissioned of professionals, donations by amateurs and purchased lantern slides, all of which formed the basis for his photographic archive. Because so much of the work was done at night, he was able to photograph the worst elements of the New York slums, the dark streets, tenement apartments, and \\\"stale-beer\\\" dives, and documented the hardships faced by the poor and criminal, especially in the vicinity of notorious Mulberry Street. Riis accumulated a supply of photography and attempted to submit illustrated essays to magazines. But when an editor at \\\"Harper's New Monthly\\\" Magazine said that he\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801591\",\n \"text\": \"more photographer friends, Henry Piffard and Richard Hoe Lawrence, and the four of them began to photograph the slums. Their first report was published in the New York newspaper \\\"The Sun\\\" on February 12, 1888; it was an unsigned article by Riis which described its author as \\\"an energetic gentleman, who combines in his person, though not in practice, the two dignities of deacon in a Long Island church and a police reporter in New York\\\". The \\\"pictures of Gotham's crime and misery by night and day\\\" are described as \\\"a foundation for a lecture called 'The Other Half: How\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801590\",\n \"text\": \"to read that \\\"a way had been discovered to take pictures by flashlight. The darkest corner might be photographed that way.\\\" The German innovation, by Adolf Miethe and Johannes Gaedicke, flash powder was a mixture of magnesium with potassium chlorate and some antimony sulfide for added stability; the powder was used in a pistol-like device that fired cartridges. This was the introduction of flash photography. Recognizing the potential of the flash, Riis informed a friend, Dr. John Nagle, chief of the Bureau of Vital Statistics in the City Health Department who was also a keen amateur photographer. Nagle found two\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801588\",\n \"text\": \"of police reporter. He was based in a press office across from police headquarters on Mulberry Street. \\\"Nicknamed 'Death's Thoroughfare'\\\", Riis's biographer Alexander Alland writes, \\\"It was here, where the street crooks its elbow at the Five Points, that the streets and numerous alleys radiated in all directions, forming the foul core of the New York slums.\\\" During these stints as a police reporter, Riis worked the most crime-ridden and impoverished slums of the city. Through his own experiences in the poorhouses, and witnessing the conditions of the poor in the city slums, he decided to make a difference for\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801580\",\n \"text\": \"lodging-house. At one time Riis's only companion was a stray dog. One morning he awoke in a lodging-house to find that his gold locket (with its strand of Elisabeth's hair) had been stolen. He complained to the sergeant, who became enraged and expelled him. Riis was devastated. The story became a favorite of Riis's. One of his personal victories, he later confessed, was not using his eventual fame to ruin the career of the offending officer. Disgusted, he left New York, buying a passage on a ferry with the silk handkerchief that was his last possession. By doing odd jobs\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"801576\",\n \"text\": \"urban areas became significantly more heterogeneous as many immigrants arrived, creating ethnic enclaves often more populous than many of the cities of their homelands. \\\"In the 1880s 334,000 people were crammed into a single square mile of the Lower East Side, making it the most densely populated place on earth. They were packed into filthy, disease-ridden tenements, 10 or 15 to a room, and the well-off knew nothing about them and cared less.\\\" After five days, during which he used almost all his money, Riis found work as a carpenter at Brady's Bend Iron Works on the Allegheny River above\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Riis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"430813\",\n \"text\": \"Book of Jacob The Book of Jacob: The Brother of Nephi, usually referred to as the Book of Jacob, is the third of fifteen books in the Book of Mormon. According to the text, it was written by the ancient prophet Jacob. The purpose of the book, in his own words, is to persuade all men to \\\"come unto Christ\\\" (Jacob 1:7). While this book contains some history of the Nephites, including the death of Nephi, it is mainly a record of Jacob's preachings to his people. Chapter 5 contains the Parable of the Olive Tree, a lengthy allegory of\",\n \"title\": \"Book of Jacob\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"430821\",\n \"text\": \"could make his last sermon. He confessed Christ, and said he had been deceived by the devil, and retracted everything he said about Jacob. He said he feared that he had committed the unpardonable sin, which is lying to God. Then he died. When Jacob finished writing on the plates he bequeathed them to his son Enos. Book of Jacob The Book of Jacob: The Brother of Nephi, usually referred to as the Book of Jacob, is the third of fifteen books in the Book of Mormon. According to the text, it was written by the ancient prophet Jacob. The\",\n \"title\": \"Book of Jacob\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11463660\",\n \"text\": \"Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for \\\"The Guardian\\\", wrote: \\\"The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for \\\"Variety\\\", wrote \\\"...it’s the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening’s best calling card...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones.\\\" It won Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination at the 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards and, although they did\",\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15807114\",\n \"text\": \"What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series focuses on Australian writers talking about their work. They are interviewed and presented by Dr. Tess Brady. The first series broadcast on ABC TV 1 in February 2010. The second series broadcast from mid October 2010. Joanna Murray-Smith discusses the power of words in Nightfall Joanna Murray-Smith explores love, identity and belonging in Honour Louis Nowra talks about shedding the misconceptions of childhood in Radiance Louis Nowra discusses art and claims it should not be relevant in Cosi Hannie Rayson explores family\",\n \"title\": \"What I Wrote\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["how the other half lives"],"string":"[\n \"how the other half lives\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1297,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what airport is close to scottsdale arizona?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"4558846","text":"missions upon request. Scottsdale Airport Scottsdale Airport is north of downtown Scottsdale, in Maricopa County, Arizona. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Scottsdale Airport is SDL to the FAA and SCF to the IATA (which assigned SDL to Midlanda Airport in Sundsvall, Sweden). Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,798 passenger boardings (or \"enplanements\") in calendar year 2005 and 266 enplanements in 2006. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007–2011 called Scottsdale a \"reliever airport\". It is one of the busiest single-runway facilities in the nation,","title":"Scottsdale Airport"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4558846\",\n \"text\": \"missions upon request. Scottsdale Airport Scottsdale Airport is north of downtown Scottsdale, in Maricopa County, Arizona. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Scottsdale Airport is SDL to the FAA and SCF to the IATA (which assigned SDL to Midlanda Airport in Sundsvall, Sweden). Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,798 passenger boardings (or \\\"enplanements\\\") in calendar year 2005 and 266 enplanements in 2006. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007–2011 called Scottsdale a \\\"reliever airport\\\". It is one of the busiest single-runway facilities in the nation,\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Airport\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1006184","text":"and four branches within the Scottsdale Public Library System. State Route 101 – locally known as Loop 101 – provides convenient Metropolitan Phoenix Freeways access. The city is home to Scottsdale Municipal Airport , a single-runway airport located in North Scottsdale. While the airport serves some tour and commuter flights, the plurality of aircraft operations are corporate and transient general aviation traffic. Commercial air travel is served by Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix and Phoenix Mesa Gateway Airport in Mesa. Public bus service for Scottsdale and the Phoenix Metropolitan Area is provided by Valley Metro. The city of","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006187","text":"early as 1913 but was never built; Scottsdale is the largest American city that has never had a rail line. Scottsdale, Arizona Scottsdale (; ) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, part of the Greater Phoenix Area. Named Scottsdale in 1894 after founder Winfield Scott and incorporated in 1951 with a population of 2,000, the 2015 population of the city is estimated to be 236,839 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. \"The New York Times\" described downtown Scottsdale as \"a desert version of Miami's South Beach\" and as having \"plenty of late night","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006170","text":"Old Town district of Downtown Scottsdale, the Scottsdale Civic Center Mall is home to the two-theater Scottsdale Center for the Performing Arts, the Scottsdale Historical Museum, as well as the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art. SMoCA is the only permanent museum dedicated solely to the contemporary arts in the state of Arizona. Also located in Old Town, Western Spirit: Scottsdale's Museum of the West opened in January 2015, featuring historical and cultural exhibits from 19 states of the American West, including Arizona. Taliesin West, famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright's winter home and school from 1937 until 1959, is now one","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006125","text":"Scottsdale, Arizona Scottsdale (; ) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, part of the Greater Phoenix Area. Named Scottsdale in 1894 after founder Winfield Scott and incorporated in 1951 with a population of 2,000, the 2015 population of the city is estimated to be 236,839 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. \"The New York Times\" described downtown Scottsdale as \"a desert version of Miami's South Beach\" and as having \"plenty of late night partying and a buzzing hotel scene.\" Its slogan is \"The West's Most Western Town.\" Scottsdale, 31 miles long and 11.4","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006175","text":"listed in the National Register of Historic Places with a short description of the same. The city is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants, who practice at Scottsdale Stadium in Downtown Scottsdale. Scottsdale Stadium also hosts the Scottsdale Scorpions, a minor league baseball team in the Arizona Fall League. In February 2011 the Colorado Rockies and Arizona Diamondbacks began sharing a new spring training facility, Salt River Fields at Talking Stick, located on the city's eastern border with the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. Though none play specifically in the city of Scottsdale, all of the \"Big","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006183","text":"are Horizon High School and Pinnacle High School. The primary institution of higher education in the city is Scottsdale Community College, which opened in 1970 on the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Reservation. In 1999, the school opened a second campus in the Scottsdale Airpark allowing it to serve the business community and north Scottsdale. Other institutions of higher education with locations in Scottsdale include the Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, University of Phoenix, Gateway Seminary, and the Scottsdale Culinary Institute. Many students at nearby Arizona State University in Tempe live in Scottsdale and commute. Scottsdale has a main branch","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"17814146","text":"largest health care delivery system in Arizona, United States. Abrazo Health Care is located in Phoenix, Arizona. In 2013, Vanguard was acquired by Tenet Healthcare. Below are some accreditations given to the hospital by notable organisations. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before","title":"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona"},{"psg_id":"17814145","text":"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before being spun off as part of Triad Hospitals in 1999. In 2001, Vanguard Health Systems purchased Paradise Valley Hospital from Triad. In 2003, Vanguard established Abrazo Health Care as its Arizona subsidiary. Abrazo is the second","title":"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006174","text":"Arizona at Indian Bend were deconstructed following the opening of Casino Arizona at Talking Stick Resort. The casino is adjoined to the newly constructed 15-story Talking Stick Resort & Spa, which features the Talking Stick golf course, a 36-hole golf course designed by Ben Crenshaw and Bill Coore. Today, the two casinos collectively have over 2,000 slot machines and 100 table games. There are numerous properties in the city of Scottsdale which are considered to be historical and have been included either in the National Register of Historic Places or the Scottsdale Historic Register. The gallery contains images of properties","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006146","text":"price is $291,500, compared to $667,450 in North Scottsdale. A portion of McDowell Road in South Scottsdale used to be known as \"Motor Mile,\" having at one time 31 dealerships represented along the street. The strip, at one time, generated over $10 million in sale tax revenue each year and was one of the most profitable auto-miles in the United States. In recent years, many of these dealerships have left the city, including 6 in 2008 alone. South Scottsdale is the home to a new research center for Arizona State University, known as \"SkySong\", a collaboration between the university, local","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006154","text":"Christian faith(s) – including Protestant and Roman Catholic – the city's high population growth over the years has resulted in a more diverse population. Most notably, greater numbers of Eastern Orthodox and Jews have been added to the population. Though smaller in number, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist communities also exist within the city of Scottsdale. There is also a small population of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), as is common throughout Phoenix, Arizona, and the Western United States. The first church founded in Scottsdale was the First Baptist Church of Scottsdale, which was built","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006186","text":"including Arizona State University's main campus, and the downtown Tempe, or Mill Avenue, area. Between December 2007 and 2009, Scottsdale was a member of the board of Valley Metro Rail line which connects the neighboring cities of Phoenix, Tempe and Mesa. There was a study in 2001, and some discussion since, of extending the light rail line into Scottsdale. The city's Transportation Master Plan identifies Scottsdale Road as the city's high-capacity corridor, which could be light rail, modern streetcar service, or bus rapid-transit (BRT). A street railway interurban line was proposed to connect Scottsdale with Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa as","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006167","text":"of New York City), including popular department store line fashion designers and some higher end ones during the month of November. In what is considered to be the longest continually running festival of its kind in the nation , the Scottsdale Culinary Festival is held annually during April. Though many of its individual events are held citywide, they concentrate in the downtown area. Entirely, it is estimated that the week-long festival draws over 40,000 people. The most heavily attended such event is the festival's Great Arizona Picnic, an outdoor fair-like showcase of both well-known local and national chefs and restaurants.","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"18500714","text":"and in 1994 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona) The Little Red Schoolhouse is a former school building located in Scottsdale, Arizona. It was originally known as the Scottsdale Grammar School and is now home to the Scottsdale Historical Museum. The Little Red Schoolhouse was built in 1909 to replace an earlier one-room frame schoolhouse that was built in 1896. The new schoolhouse is a two-classroom structure built of red brick at a cost of $4,500. In addition to the two large classrooms, there is an entrance hall, two small rooms","title":"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"18500712","text":"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona) The Little Red Schoolhouse is a former school building located in Scottsdale, Arizona. It was originally known as the Scottsdale Grammar School and is now home to the Scottsdale Historical Museum. The Little Red Schoolhouse was built in 1909 to replace an earlier one-room frame schoolhouse that was built in 1896. The new schoolhouse is a two-classroom structure built of red brick at a cost of $4,500. In addition to the two large classrooms, there is an entrance hall, two small rooms for storage, and a full-sized basement that was used as a church and","title":"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"1006130","text":"were educated and had an appreciation for cultural activities. The town's name was changed to Scottsdale in 1894, after its founder. In 1896, these settlers established the Scottsdale Public School system, and opened the first schoolhouse, which was followed by the opening of the first general store by J. L. Davis, which also housed the first post office for Scottsdale in 1897. In the early 1900s the community supported an artists and writers culture, culminating in the opening of the region's first resort in 1909, the Ingleside Inn, located just south of the Arizona Canal and west of the Crosscut","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006148","text":"named because it is in close proximity to the east-west running Shea Boulevard. The houses in this region were generally built during the 1970s. Real estate in the Shea Corridor (Central Scottsdale) has increased during the 1990s, and overall, the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale real estate market saw the largest gain in house prices in the nation during the mid-2000s with a 38.4% increase in value. There are a number of communities in this central region of Scottsdale that remain among the most highly desired residential areas in the metropolitan area, including Gainey Ranch and McCormick Ranch. A large portion of Scottsdale Road","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006171","text":"of the most popular tourist attractions in Arizona. The complex is located in the northeast fringe of the city, at the base of the McDowell Mountains. Scottsdale is home to a variety of high-end nightclubs, restaurants, hotels, lounges and bars. This is evident by the growing number of style-conscious hotels that have opened up throughout Downtown Scottsdale which equally cater to the nightlife crowds. Most notably, the Morgan Hotel Group's all-white Mondrian Hotel (which went out of business), the FireSky Resort & Spa, the independent mid-century Hotel Valley Ho and the W Hotel. The majority of nightlife is concentrated in","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006155","text":"by Scott and his family. The church has named a small non-profit coffee shop on the corner of their campus after Scott, called Winfield's. Congregation Beth Israel, the oldest Reform Judaism congregation in the Phoenix metropolitan area is located in Scottsdale, and is the largest congregation in Arizona. In North Scottsdale, there is the Jewish Community Center of Phoenix and the New Shul. The community center was originally located in central Phoenix, it had eventually outgrown the location and was looking to relocate and build a more expansive campus. In 2009, a new Armenian Apostolic church was built in the","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006149","text":"in the Shea Corridor has been dubbed the \"Resort Corridor\" for the high number of resorts locating on the street. The second Ritz Carlton in the Phoenix metropolitan area will be constructed along this corridor. North Scottsdale is currently the most actively developed area of Scottsdale as it was historically the least built up. This portion of the city also claims many of the most expensive houses in Arizona, with many exceeding $5 million in value. The city's borders are rapidly expanding to the east and west in this area, containing the McDowell Mountain range. Much of the residential boom","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006132","text":"the Granite Reef and Roosevelt dams (in 1908 and 1911, respectively), Scottsdale's population experienced a boom, growing steadily during those years. Scottsdale became a small market town providing services for families involved in the agricultural industry. During the First World War Scottsdale and its environs supported a large cotton farming industry, which was due to the creation of Long Staple Egyptian Cotton, developed by the US Department of Agriculture. Although cotton is still grown in southern Arizona, Scottsdale's cotton boom ended with the loss of government contracts at the end of the war. In 1920, a second resort was opened","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006173","text":"permanent casino in the Scottsdale area, \"Casino Arizona\", at Loop 101 and McKellips Road. The success of Casino Arizona led to the construction of a second location, \"Casino Arizona at Indian Bend\", in a temporary facility less than north. The passage of Proposition 202 in November 2002 redefined casino gaming in Arizona, permitting \"Vegas-style\" blackjack and poker, expanded number of slot machines and wider food and beverage service options. Both casinos underwent significant expansions following the passage of Proposition 202, with Casino Arizona at Indian Bend more than doubling in size. In 2010, the temporary tent facilities hosting the Casino","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006126","text":"miles wide at its widest point, shares boundaries with many other municipalities and entities. On the west, Scottsdale is bordered by Phoenix, Paradise Valley and unincorporated Maricopa County land. Carefree is located along the western boundary, as well as sharing Scottsdale's northern boundary with the Tonto National Forest. To the south Scottsdale is bordered by Tempe. The southern boundary is also occupied by the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which extends along the eastern boundary, which also borders Fountain Hills, the McDowell Mountain Regional Park and more unincorporated Maricopa County land. The area which would include what would become Scottsdale","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006131","text":"Canal (Indian School Road at about 64th Street) in what is today Scottsdale. Also in 1909, Cavalliere's Blacksmith Shop opened in downtown Scottsdale, and the original schoolhouse was replaced by the much more expansive Little Red Schoolhouse, which remains standing to this day. While not in its original building, Cavalliere's has been in continuance operation since that time. In 1912, both the Phoenix Street Railway Company and a competitor, the Salt River Valley Electric Railway Company, proposed building streetcar lines to Scottsdale but due to an economic downturn, neither was built. Between 1908 and 1933, due to the construction of","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"12234099","text":"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona) Congregation Beth Israel () is a Jewish congregation located at 10460 North 56th Street in Scottsdale, Arizona. Formally incorporated in 1920, it affiliated with the Reform Judaism in 1935. Abraham Lincoln Krohn was rabbi of Beth Israel from 1938 to 1953, and during his tenure the congregation grew from under 100 to almost 600 member families. He was succeeded by Albert Plotkin, who served for almost 40 years. Beth Israel's original building in Downtown Phoenix, constructed in 1921–1922, is listed on both the city's historic property register and the National Register of Historic Places. After","title":"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"8107882","text":"Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona) Horizon High School is a public high school in Scottsdale, Arizona in the Paradise Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1980. The current principal is Linda Ihnat. About 2,200 students are enrolled in the school. In 1978 the Paradise Valley Unified School District commissioned the Architecture Firm of Michael and Kemper Goodwin Ltd. to design the new 6 building campus. Construction began the following year and was undertaken by the Del E. Webb Corporation and was nearly completed when the school opened in August 1980. The school's Auditorium was constructed in 1983.","title":"Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"8107883","text":"Additional new classroom buildings were constructed in 2003 and 2008. The Horizon High School Choir has about 400 students in the program. The different choirs include Concert Choirs, Women’s Choirs, Men’s Choir, Women's Elite, Town Criers and two Show Choirs (Show Divas and Step On Stage). Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona) Horizon High School is a public high school in Scottsdale, Arizona in the Paradise Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1980. The current principal is Linda Ihnat. About 2,200 students are enrolled in the school. In 1978 the Paradise Valley Unified School District commissioned the Architecture","title":"Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"1006133","text":"on 12 acres of the property owned by the artist Jessie Benton Evans. Called the Jokake Inn, meaning \"mud house,\" the structure still stands on the grounds of the world-famous Phoenician Resort. The Depression years saw an influx of artists and architects to Scottsdale, which included, in 1937, the internationally renowned Frank Lloyd Wright. In 1937, Wright and his wife purchased 600 desert acres at the foot of the McDowell Mountains and established what is now known as Taliesin West, his winter home and his architectural firm's Southwestern headquarters. Scottsdale and the rest of Phoenix have seen an everlasting influence","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006185","text":"Scottsdale runs a network of local neighborhood circulators, labeled the \"Scottsdale Trolley.\" Using trolley-replica buses, the public service is free to riders. There are currently two circulating \"routes,\" known individually as the Downtown Trolley and the Neighborhood Trolley. These connect at the Loloma Station transit center in downtown Scottsdale. The Downtown Trolley circulates through downtown Scottsdale, and the Neighborhood Trolley circulates from downtown Scottsdale to neighborhoods throughout South Scottsdale, connecting with the city of Tempe's own free public circulator, the Tempe Orbit at Roosevelt and Scottsdale Road. From there, riders can transfer onto the Tempe Orbit, and travel to Tempe,","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"5165414","text":"Scottsdale Stadium Scottsdale Stadium is a baseball field located in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States. The stadium was built in 1992 and holds 12,000 people. It is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants. Scottsdale was the home of the Phoenix Firebirds of the Pacific Coast League from 1992 until 1997, when the team moved to Fresno, California, and became the Grizzlies, in order to make room for the National League's Arizona Diamondbacks, who began play in 1998 and the Arizona Centennials of the Freedom Pro Baseball League in 2012. Scottsdale also hosted the Valley Vipers of the independent","title":"Scottsdale Stadium"},{"psg_id":"1006163","text":"2005, the city's annual Scottsdale Arts Festival was ranked the number-one such event in the US by \"American Style Magazine\". The highest concentrations of galleries, studios and museums that are open to the public can be found in Downtown Scottsdale. Its Scottsdale Arts District can be segmented into three distinct districts. The largest is the Scottsdale Main Street Arts District, home to the largest and most diverse collection of styles and genres, the more contemporary Marshall Way Arts District, and the more touristy and western-themed Old Town district, which has the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art. The very popular Scottsdale","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006145","text":"in five years and groundwater cleanup completed in 30 years. The city also developed a robot arm garbage truck, replacing crews who dumped cans into a train of open trailers pulled by a truck, with a single operator sitting in an air conditioned cab. The city is loosely divided into four areas: South Scottsdale (McKellips Road north to Thomas Road), Old Town (Downtown) Scottsdale, Central Scottsdale (also known as the \"Shea Corridor,\" extending from Camelback Road north to Shea Boulevard), and North Scottsdale. South Scottsdale has for many years been the working class region of Scottsdale. The median resale home","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006136","text":"in 1951, growing from 2,000 to 10,000 residents during the 1950s. This growth necessitated development into the flood plain known as the Indian Bend Wash. Flood plains throughout history have been enticing locations for development due to their flatness, ease of building and inexpensiveness. This is even more temptation in a desert environment, when flooding so rarely happens. As Scottsdale expanded, the Indian Bend Wash virtually bisected the city in half north to south. In the late 1950s, the problem became more and more pronounced, until in 1959 the Maricopa County Flood Control District (MCFCD) was formed by the Arizona","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"14480794","text":"Basis Scottsdale Basis Scottsdale is a charter school operated by Basis Schools in Scottsdale, Arizona. Charter schools in Arizona are not required to hire teachers who meet state teaching certification requirements. Basis teachers make less than the average for public school teachers in the state, although Basis.ed contends that with bonuses, compensation is competitive. Nevertheless, academic standards at Basis Scottsdale are high. Basis Scottsdale requires graduating students to take seven AP-level courses and sit for six AP exams. As a publicly funded school, Basis Scottsdale is not selective. In 2017, however, the wait list numbered a thousand. The school does","title":"Basis Scottsdale"},{"psg_id":"1006181","text":"entire city. A city manager is responsible for the executive leadership of the city staff, as well as implementing council policies, developing programs and budgets to respond to council goals, and ensuring that citizens receive effective and efficient city services. The city manager also serves as the city treasurer. The current mayor is Republican Jim Lane. The distinctive Scottsdale City Hall was designed by architect Bennie Gonzales in 1968, and was designed with an interior kiva for community meetings. Public education in Scottsdale is provided for by both the Scottsdale Unified School District (SUSD), which serves most of Scottsdale, most","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006168","text":"It is held on the lawn of the Scottsdale Civic Center Mall. The annual Scottsdale International Film Festival concentrates on the use of film to foster of the world's cultures, lifestyles, religions, and ethnicities. Scottsdale is home to more than 125 professional art galleries and studios, one of the highest per-capita anywhere in the nation. The city has quickly become a center for art in the United States. According to the Scottsdale Convention & Visitor's Bureau and \"American Style Magazine\", the city has become one of the country's largest art markets, usually only sharing ranks with New York City, New","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"13127427","text":"FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic. Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation's busiest general aviation airport. The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed","title":"Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006165","text":"show also features over 300 vendors and exhibitions, and over 25 demonstrations and shows. Perhaps the most famous present-day \"cowboy\" event is the Scottsdale Jaycees Parada del Sol, an annual month-long event that has been held in Scottsdale since 1954. Originally named The Sunshine Festival, the PRCA Rodeo was added in 1956. Cowboys and cowgirls from across the nation converge in Scottsdale to participate in this cultural and historical event. The event begins each year with the \"Parada del Sol Parade\", the world's largest horse-drawn parade with over 150 entries in any given year. Since 1971, Scottsdale has been home","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006161","text":"centers. The most notable regional centers include the Kierland Commons in North Scottsdale, and the Scottsdale Fashion Square in Downtown Scottsdale, a major destination for high-end retailers. These shopping centers (and others) in Scottsdale claim dozens of marquee brands that are unique to both Phoenix and the Southwestern region. As of 2016, the Scottsdale Fashion Square was ranked in the top 25 most visited malls in the country by \"Travel + Leisure\" magazine. It has consistently been one of the most profitable malls in the United States, being ranked in 2016 as the second highest sales per square foot mall","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"5165416","text":"of the top attended venues in Arizona's Cactus League. The Scottsdale Charros organize and promote San Francisco spring training in the city. The stadium is also host of the Scottsdale Scorpions in the Arizona Fall League, and hosts the Fall League's championship game at the end of November. During the summer the stadium is home the Arizona League Giants of the Arizona League. The stadium is also available to rent and hosts numerous parties, events and meetings throughout the year. The stadium was built on the site of the old Scottsdale Stadium, built in 1956, which also hosted the Giants","title":"Scottsdale Stadium"},{"psg_id":"3315947","text":"Scottsdale Community College Scottsdale Community College, is located on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community in Scottsdale, a suburb/rural area of Phoenix, Arizona. Scottsdale Community College is a two-year college located on the eastern boundary of the city of Scottsdale, Arizona, on 160 acres (650,000 m) of land belonging to the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. The lease was taken out in 1970 and will expire in 2069. The school is part of the Maricopa County Community College District. Scottsdale Community College opened in the fall of 1969 and moved to its present location in the fall of 1970 with","title":"Scottsdale Community College"},{"psg_id":"19106317","text":"health care delivery system in Arizona, United States. Abrazo Health Care is located in Phoenix, Arizona. In 2013, Vanguard was acquired by Tenet Healthcare. Below are some accreditations given to the hospital by notable organisations. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before being spun","title":"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus"},{"psg_id":"1006150","text":"in North Scottsdale is driven by available land to build coupled with the fast growth of \"Scottsdale Airpark\", the second largest employment center in the Phoenix metropolitan, and estimated to become the largest by 2010. The Scottsdale Airpark, home to over 55,000 employees, 2,600 businesses and of office space is expected to continue growing by over 3,000 employees per year. Many important companies are headquartered or have regional headquarters in the park, including Acronis, AXA, GE Capital, DHL, Discount Tire Company, Fidelity Investments, JDA Software, GoDaddy.com, The Vanguard Group, And Quicken Loans. Scottsdale's climate is arid. Winters are mild to","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006156","text":"city, representing the larger numbers of Armenians in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. The tourism industry is Scottsdale's primary employer, accounting for 39% of the city's workforce. In 2005, Scottsdale attracted over 7.5 million visitors to the city, providing an economic impact of over $3.1 billion. The city of Scottsdale by itself is home to more than 70 resorts and hotels, boasting over 15,000 hotel rooms. This large hospitality market primarily caters to a higher-end, white-collar demographic. The city of Scottsdale is tied with Atlanta for fourth, after New York City, Las Vegas, and Chicago respectively, as having the most AAA","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006143","text":"reaches of the Sonoran Desert. Scottsdale, 31 miles long and 11.4 miles wide at its widest point, shares boundaries with many other municipalities and entities. On the west, Scottsdale is bordered by Phoenix, Paradise Valley, and unincorporated Maricopa County land. Carefree is located along the eastern boundary, as well as sharing Scottsdale's northern boundary with the Tonto National Forest. To the south Scottsdale is bordered by Tempe. The southern boundary is also occupied by the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which extends along the eastern boundary, which also borders Fountain Hills, the McDowell Mountain Regional Park and more unincorporated Maricopa","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006177","text":"the Tournament Players Club (or \"TPC\") in North Scottsdale. The TPC is adjacent to the large Fairmont Scottsdale Resort. It is the largest-attended stop of the annual PGA Tour, attracting well over 500,000 people to the 4-day event alone. Hiking, rock climbing and other similar outdoor activities are enormously popular throughout the Phoenix-area, in large part to the immediate accessibility of mountain areas within or very near the city limits. Citizens flock ritually to local favorite Camelback Mountain, located in the eastern section of Phoenix, just adjacent to Scottsdale, as well as the McDowell Mountains in the McDowell Sonoran Preserve,","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006166","text":"to the Barrett-Jackson Auto Show. Due to the success of this week-long event held every January, the organizers behind it have more recently inaugurated similar but smaller shows in Palm Beach, Florida and Las Vegas, Nevada. Now held at the expansive West World exhibition complex in North Scottsdale, the event is an auto enthusiast's and collector's spectacle. The show is known for featuring both exotic, luxury automobiles and historic vehicles which have been expertly restored to mint condition. Since 2007, Scottsdale has been hosting low and high fashion shows in the annual Scottsdale Fashion Week (not quite comparable to those","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006179","text":"WestWorld. In all, the city is home to more than 200 area courses offering layouts that range from the rolling green fairways of traditional courses, to desert golf designs. In 2006, the Robb Report cited Scottsdale as, \"America's Best Place to Live for Golf.\" The Boulders Resort & Golden Spa and Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North were selected in 2005 as the second and fourth best golf resorts in the nation by \"Travel + Leisure Golf\" magazine. Other golf courses in the area include FireRock, Troon North, The Phoenician, and Silverleaf, and Desert Mountain. Scottsdale National Golf Club","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006172","text":"Downtown Scottsdale, between Camelback and Osborn roads. This is the most active and popular nightlife destination in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Similar to well-known nightclub districts in other major cities, much like Atlanta's Buckhead district and Miami's South Beach, most of Downtown Scottsdale's major bars and clubs are generally located within walking distance. Crowds of over 40,000-strong are known to congregate to this area. Southeast Scottsdale borders the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. For several years, the \"Scottsdale Pavilions\", a major outdoor shopping center, marked the only commercial property operating on tribal lands. In 1998, the tribe opened the first","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006157","text":"Five-Diamond hotels and resorts in the United States. In 2015, AAA bestowed four such properties in Scottsdale with the highest honor: The Phoenician, The Canyon Suites, Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North, and the Fairmont Princess Resort and Spa. As of 2016, Scottsdale has the highest number of destination spas per capita of any city in the United States. The region's year-round warm weather and abundant sunshine is a major factor in Scottsdale's tourism appeal. In particular, during the winter, thousands of wealthy tourists from the midwest, the northeast, and as far away as Canada (known locally as \"snowbirds\"),","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"12234121","text":"who graduated as a cantor from the Hebrew Union College in 1997, had previously served as cantor of Congregation Beth Israel in Austin, Texas. Plotkin died in February 2010. , Beth Israel was the oldest congregation in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The senior rabbi was Stephen Kahn, the associate rabbi was Rony Keller, and the cantor was Jaime Shpall. The congregation also owned and operated Camp Daisy and Harry Stein, a Jewish overnight camp in Prescott National Forest near Prescott, Arizona, the only Jewish camp in the area. Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona) Congregation Beth Israel () is a Jewish","title":"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"15338300","text":"team played its games in Surprise, Arizona due to renovations of Scottsdale Stadium. The team returned to Scottsdale Stadium the following year only to be named the Grand Canyon Scorpions. The team would change their name back to the Scottsdale Scorpions in the 2007 season. They would win the championship in 2010, the first time in fourteen years. They also won the championship in 2015. The Stenson Award was created in 2004 by the Arizona Fall League, in memory of Dernell Stenson, a Scorpions outfielder (Cincinnati Reds), who was killed in a carjacking on November 5, 2003. Scottsdale Scorpions The","title":"Scottsdale Scorpions"},{"psg_id":"9914758","text":"Scottsdale Gun Club The Scottsdale Gun Club (SGC) is an indoor shooting range located in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. The facility is the largest public indoor shooting range in the United States, with 32 total lanes. The building's architect was Arrington Watkins of Phoenix, Arizona and the Club is recognized by the National Association of Shooting Ranges as a 'Five Star Facility'. The building includes three eight lane public shooting bays, a tactical bay, and a tactical shoot house. The Scottsdale Gun Club opened for business in May 2004. Conceived by Terry Schmidt, Nadine Little and Mark Hanish, the $8.2 million","title":"Scottsdale Gun Club"},{"psg_id":"15338299","text":"Scottsdale Scorpions The Scottsdale Scorpions are a baseball team that plays in the East Division of the Arizona Fall League located in Scottsdale, Arizona. They play their home games at Scottsdale Stadium. In the fall of 1994, the team gained worldwide media attention, when Michael Jordan joined the Scorpions after playing his first minor league baseball season with the Double-A Birmingham Barons in Birmingham, Alabama. The Scorpions won their first championship in 1996 against the Mesa Saguaros. The Scorpions would make the championship game in 2002, 2004, and 2005 but would fail to win it. For the 2005 season, the","title":"Scottsdale Scorpions"},{"psg_id":"8592203","text":"one alternative school. The Scottsdale Unified School District is converting Mohave and Supai middle schools to 6th-8th grades in the near future. The original Scottsdale High School operated from 1922 until 1983. Scottsdale Unified School District The Scottsdale Unified School District (SUSD) is a school district with its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. The district serves most of Scottsdale, most of Paradise Valley, a portion of Phoenix, and a portion of Tempe. Its 22 schools earning the state's highest rating, Excelling. All SUSD schools are rated as Performing, Performing Plus, Highly Performing or Excelling by the Arizona Department of Education. In","title":"Scottsdale Unified School District"},{"psg_id":"1006135","text":"Thomas Roads in what today is Papago Park. In 1950, the town continued to grow as Motorola became the first of many technology companies to build a plant in Scottsdale. They would follow with a second plant in 1956. With a population of approximately 2,000, the city was incorporated on June 25, 1951. The city appointed its first mayor, Malcolm White, and adopted the motto \"The West's Most Western Town.\" The seal, depicting a mounted cowboy surrounded by a 64-pointed starburst, was designed by Mrs. Gene Brown Pennington. The town began a period of rapid population growth after its incorporation","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"19106316","text":"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before being spun off as part of Triad Hospitals in 1999. In 2001, Vanguard Health Systems purchased Paradise Valley Hospital from Triad. In 2003, Vanguard established Abrazo Health Care as its Arizona subsidiary. Abrazo is the second largest","title":"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus"},{"psg_id":"1006128","text":"to be the direct descendants of the Hohokam people. Before European settlement, Scottsdale was a Pima village known as Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ, meaning \"rotting hay.\" Some Pima remained in their original homes well into the 20th century. For example, until the late 1960s, there was a still-occupied traditional dwelling on the southeast corner of Indian Bend Road and Hayden Road. Currently, those Pima who live within Scottsdale reside in newer homes rather than traditional dwellings. Many Pima and Maricopa people continue to reside on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which borders Scottsdale directly to the south and east. In the","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006140","text":"much of the eastern boundary of Scottsdale and was owned by Fowler and Anne McCormick. Fowler's paternal grandfather was Cyrus McCormick, the inventor of the grain reaper, and his maternal grandfather was John D. Rockefeller. When Anne died in 1970, the property was sold to Kaiser-Aetna for $12.1 million. This started a series of large-scale, master planned communities within the borders of Scottsdale, some of which included Scottsdale Ranch (1978), Gainey Ranch (1980), McDowell Mountain Ranch (1992), Desert Mountain (1986), and DC Ranch (1990s). In 1975, the \"east Shea\" section, bordering Fountain Hills, was annexed by the city, expanding its","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006142","text":"McDowell Sonoran Preserve will be nearly one-third of Scottsdale's land area, equal in size to Bryce Canyon National Park. From its official incorporation in 1951 with a population of 2,000, the city of Scottsdale has grown to a 2010 Census count of 217,385. It is now the state's sixth-largest city. Scottsdale is commonly defined by its high quality of life, and in 1993 was one of several cities to receive a \"Most Livable City\" award from the United States Conference of Mayors. The city is located in the Salt River Valley, or the \"Valley of the Sun,\" in the northern","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006144","text":"County land. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.12%) is water. From the 1950s through the 1970s, several large manufacturing companies in the Scottsdale and Tempe areas used the solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) in their manufacturing and operating processes. In 1981, TCE began to show up in two Scottsdale drinking wells, and in 1983, the Indian Bend Wash superfund site was listed on the Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List. Physical construction of environmental remediation systems was completed by 2006, with soil cleanup expected to be completed","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"4558843","text":"War II came to an end. So well did civilian contractors complete their initial assignment, that by August 4, 1944, only 40 of the original 64 primary schools were still in operation. At the closing of Thunderbird #2, only 15 remained opened to complete the task of primary training. After the war, Arizona State Teachers College (now Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona), acquired the airport in order to implement its own aviation program. Distance from the college campus and cost of operating an aviation program soon convinced the college to abandon its plans. The Arizona Conference of Seventh-day Adventists","title":"Scottsdale Airport"},{"psg_id":"9968791","text":"support. Scottsdale Public Library The Scottsdale Public Library is the public library system for Scottsdale, Arizona, and is owned and operated by the City of Scottsdale. In 2013 the library system serves Scottsdale’s 226,900 residents as well as residents of Maricopa County and numerous visitors to the city from around the world. The library’s collection contains over 800,000 items (including books, magazines, DVDs, CDs, audio books and more). The library circulates around 2.5 million items per year. As Scottsdale's population continues to increase, the mission of the Scottsdale Public Library System remains more steadfast than ever: “The Scottsdale Public Library","title":"Scottsdale Public Library"},{"psg_id":"9968787","text":"Scottsdale Public Library The Scottsdale Public Library is the public library system for Scottsdale, Arizona, and is owned and operated by the City of Scottsdale. In 2013 the library system serves Scottsdale’s 226,900 residents as well as residents of Maricopa County and numerous visitors to the city from around the world. The library’s collection contains over 800,000 items (including books, magazines, DVDs, CDs, audio books and more). The library circulates around 2.5 million items per year. As Scottsdale's population continues to increase, the mission of the Scottsdale Public Library System remains more steadfast than ever: “The Scottsdale Public Library provides","title":"Scottsdale Public Library"},{"psg_id":"1006147","text":"business, and global companies. The development has attracted the research and development arms of a number of international corporations. Old Town Scottsdale is an area with many streets, old fashion stores, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and art galleries. It contains the major nightlife for the area and is a major art center of metro Phoenix. Scottsdale's main cultural district is also in this area, which includes the high-end Scottsdale Fashion Square Mall, one of the twenty largest malls in the United States. The district has currently seen a revival, with new condominiums and hotels under construction. The Shea Corridor is so","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"3801699","text":"Scottsdale Fashion Square Scottsdale Fashion Square is an upscale, super-regional luxury shopping mall located in the downtown area of Scottsdale, Arizona. It is the largest shopping mall in Arizona with approximately 2 million square feet (180,000 m²) of retail space, and is among the top 30 largest malls in the country. It has consistently been one of the most profitable malls in the United States, being ranked in 2016 as the second highest sales per square foot mall in the country, and as of 2016, it was ranked in the top 25 most visited malls in the country by \"Travel","title":"Scottsdale Fashion Square"},{"psg_id":"1006160","text":"combined central areas of Midtown and Downtown Phoenix, with an estimated 65,000 employees. Among the companies headquartered in Scottsdale are APL, Cold Stone Creamery, Dial, Discount Tire, Discovery Land Company, Fender, Go Daddy, JDA Software, Kahala, Kona Grill, Magellan Health, Paradise Bakery & Café, P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Rural Metro, Axon, and United Blood Services. According to the City's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: The city is home to corporate retail outlets, as well as independent boutiques. There are many shopping areas within the city of Scottsdale, ranging from small districts to large","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"8592200","text":"Scottsdale Unified School District The Scottsdale Unified School District (SUSD) is a school district with its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. The district serves most of Scottsdale, most of Paradise Valley, a portion of Phoenix, and a portion of Tempe. Its 22 schools earning the state's highest rating, Excelling. All SUSD schools are rated as Performing, Performing Plus, Highly Performing or Excelling by the Arizona Department of Education. In 2011, SUSD was \"moving toward making Algebra I available to all eighth-graders\". The Scottsdale Unified School District was founded in 1896 by Major Winfield Scott, also the founder of the city of","title":"Scottsdale Unified School District"},{"psg_id":"1006153","text":"median age was 42 years. According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $70,533, and the median income for a family was $92,289. The per capita income for the city was $49,158. About 3.4% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over. Scottsdale is home to a large number of churches, chapels, temples, synagogues, mosques and other places of religious worship. Though the majority of Scottsdale residents consider themselves of, or practicing of, the","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"5165417","text":"as well as the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs and Oakland A's. The ballpark was constructed in less than a year to avoid having the Giants play their spring games at another location. In March 2006, the stadium hosted three games from Pool B of the World Baseball Classic. Scottsdale Stadium Scottsdale Stadium is a baseball field located in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States. The stadium was built in 1992 and holds 12,000 people. It is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants. Scottsdale was the home of the Phoenix Firebirds of the Pacific Coast League from","title":"Scottsdale Stadium"},{"psg_id":"1006162","text":"in the country, The center is anchored by Nordstrom, Macy's, Neiman Marcus, and Dillard's. One Scottsdale, a collaboration between Macerich and DMB Associates, aims to be the next luxury retail center for the Phoenix-area. In a three-mile (5 km) radius, the center sees an average household income of $110,292, and its zone has more households earning over $100,000 than several famous retail destinations, including Bal Harbour, Naples, Aspen, and The Hamptons. Palmeraie, a , outdoor mixed-use project planned for the SWC of Indian Bend and Scottsdale Rds, has already received commitments from Hermès, Yves Saint Laurent, and John Varvatos. In","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"8592201","text":"Scottsdale. The first classes were taught by Alza Blount, who, for health reasons, moved to Arizona from Illinois with her husband George and their three children. Classes were held in their adobe home, which was just south of what is now Civic Center Plaza and Second Street. Alza Blount was paid $40 a month to teach the 8-10 students from the seven families who resided in Scottsdale at that time. The district's first bond election was held May 1, 1909, with all 13 citizens voting \"yes\". The amount of the bond, $5,000, was used to build the district's first school,","title":"Scottsdale Unified School District"},{"psg_id":"1006182","text":"of the town of Paradise Valley, as well as parts of Tempe and east Phoenix, and the Paradise Valley Unified School District (PVUSD), which serves northeast Phoenix and North Scottsdale. SUSD serves 25,668 students in 33 schools and employs 3,862, including 1,551 teachers. SUSD's 33 schools include five high schools: Arcadia High School, Coronado High School, Chaparral High School, Desert Mountain High School, and Saguaro High School. PVUSD is the 7th largest school district in the state, with approximately 30,000 students and 3,800 employees. It contains 47 schools, including 7 high schools. The high schools which serve portions of Scottsdale","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"9619557","text":"Scottsdale Christian Academy Scottsdale Christian Academy (SCA) is a K-12, private, non-denominational Christian school in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is accredited by AdvancEd and the Association of Christian Schools International. Over 98% of Scottsdale Christian Academy graduates attend college immediately after graduation, and its graduation rate is 100%. All the school's K-12 teachers are fully degreed and certified through ACSI and/or the state. SCA is AdvancEd and ACSI (Association of Christian Schools International) accredited through 2020. Scottsdale Christian Academy was founded by Scottsdale Bible Church in 1968, with an enrollment of only 47 students in first through fourth grade.","title":"Scottsdale Christian Academy"},{"psg_id":"4369760","text":"Arizona Falls. Scottsdale's Waterfront Project is aimed at revitalizing an area along the Arizona Canal just west of Scottsdale Road. The City of Scottsdale and the Scottsdale Public Art board engaged the architect Paolo Soleri who designed a bridge over the Arizona Canal in Downtown Scottsdale. The suspension bridge has two steel-clad, 64-foot pylons create a light beam on the walking surface to mark solar events. The bridge will direct pedestrians, bicyclists, and horse riders moving north and south along the Arizona Canal system. Arizona Canal The Arizona Canal is a major canal in central Maricopa County that led to","title":"Arizona Canal"},{"psg_id":"3315951","text":"The college also hosts NAU-Scottsdale, which offers several undergraduate programs, as well as the SCC2NAU program. SCC2NAU is a joint admission program between Scottsdale Community College and Northern Arizona University. Programs available: Scottsdale Community College offers associate degrees, as well as Certificates of Completion. SCC also offers several degree options for university transfer, including: The college has also garnered local and national press for offering the first accredited DJ and Turntablism classes at a publicly funded college in the Music Department. A DJ degree and Certificate of Completion is offered. 2. http://library-answers.scottsdalecc.edu/a.php?qid=1485 (history of the Artichoke) Scottsdale Community College Scottsdale","title":"Scottsdale Community College"},{"psg_id":"19010450","text":"Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show The Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show is the world's largest Arabian horse show, held annually in Scottsdale, Arizona. Beginning in 1955, the show has grown from 50 horses and a dozen trainers/owners to more than 2200 horses and over 1300 owners. Called the \"Super Bowl of the Arabian World\", it represents the first leg in the Arabian Triple Crown, the other two major competitions being the Canadian and U.S. National Arabian Championships. In addition to the competition, the show acts as a fundraiser for the Arabian Horse Association of Arizona, which has donated millions of dollars to","title":"Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show"},{"psg_id":"1006169","text":"York and Santa Fe, New Mexico in terms of commerce generated as a direct result of art sales and purchasing. Its galleries and studios are most famous for their western and Native American themed art, though a growing devotion to the contemporary arts has taken hold over the past couple of decades – an element most visible by the large number of modern art galleries which have opened along the Marshall Way Arts District, and the opening of the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art (also referred to as SMoCA) in 1999. Both are located in Downtown Scottsdale. Located in the","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"12668429","text":"by Randy Heckenkemper, and completed in 2007. This course replaced the original Weiskopf and Morrish designed Desert Course. TPC Scottsdale TPC Scottsdale is a 36-hole golf complex in the southwestern United States, located in Scottsdale, Arizona, northeast of Phoenix. Opened in 1986, the resort is part of the Tournament Players Club network of golf courses operated by the PGA Tour. The Stadium Course has been home to the tour's annual Phoenix Open since 1987. Tom Weiskopf and Jay Morrish were commissioned by the PGA Tour to build a course to host the Phoenix Open starting in 1987. The Stadium Course","title":"TPC Scottsdale"},{"psg_id":"12668427","text":"TPC Scottsdale TPC Scottsdale is a 36-hole golf complex in the southwestern United States, located in Scottsdale, Arizona, northeast of Phoenix. Opened in 1986, the resort is part of the Tournament Players Club network of golf courses operated by the PGA Tour. The Stadium Course has been home to the tour's annual Phoenix Open since 1987. Tom Weiskopf and Jay Morrish were commissioned by the PGA Tour to build a course to host the Phoenix Open starting in 1987. The Stadium Course was the result, at an approximate average elevation of above sea level. The par-3 16th hole on the","title":"TPC Scottsdale"},{"psg_id":"4558839","text":"operations in 2004. The airport averages about 10,000 passengers a year. The airport offers clearance, ground and tower services from 1300Z to 0400Z (6 am to 9 pm local time) daily. Neighbors’ complaints about aircraft noise around the airport increased beginning in 2004, peaking in 2005 with over 15,000 complaints being logged. It is unlikely that the airport would close, due to federal grant assurances, and its tremendous economic impact. During World War II the airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces Army Air Forces Training Command as \"Thunderbird Field #2\" on June 22, 1942, as a","title":"Scottsdale Airport"},{"psg_id":"5165415","text":"Western Baseball League in 2000, the only season of that team's existence. Arizona United SC of the United Soccer League played at Scottsdale in 2015. The stadium underwent a $23.1 million renovation in 2006. In return, the San Francisco Giants agreed to play at the stadium for an additional 20 years, through 2025, with an option to extend the lease to 2035. Funding for the project included: Key renovations to Scottsdale Stadium included: Key renovations to Indian School Park included: The Giants hold their major league and minor league training operation at the two facilities. Scottsdale Stadium is consistently one","title":"Scottsdale Stadium"},{"psg_id":"3801700","text":"+ Leisure\" magazine. The mall is located on the northwest corner of Scottsdale Road and Camelback Road in Scottsdale, Arizona, and has been owned by Westcor, a subsidiary of Macerich, since 2002. During the 1930s and 1940s, the land which would become the Scottsdale Fashion Square was too far from the established Scottsdale and Phoenix business areas to be considered valuable. A Ryan-Evans drug store was the only retail establishment on the site. During the 1940s the 40 acre site was purchased by Harry Lenart. In the 1950s he began to plan for a small shopping center. In 1959, the","title":"Scottsdale Fashion Square"},{"psg_id":"18500713","text":"a community center in the early years. The schoolhouse was later used as the Scottsdale City Hall and Justice Court, the Scottsdale Public Library and then the Scottsdale Chamber of Commerce. The Scottsdale Historical Society was established in 1969 to save the Little Red Schoolhouse from being demolished for the development of the Scottsdale Mall. Over the next several years, the school was restored to its original condition and now includes a classroom exhibit meant to appear as it did in 1910. In November 1991, the Scottsdale Historical Society opened the building to the public as a local history museum","title":"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"12234116","text":"In 1997, the congregation moved to its current location at 10460 North 56th Street and Shea Boulevard. The building had a main sanctuary that seated 500, and a chapel that seated 300. The Torah ark was decorated with \"fused glass surrounded by colored glass\". Tabaknek left to join Temple Shalom in Succasunna, New Jersey in 2000, and was replaced by Andrew Meyer as cantor and Michael Sokol as \"cantorial soloist\". Meyer had previously served for five years as spiritual leader of Temple Beth Emeth in Scottsdale, Arizona. Sokol, who grew up in Phoenix and had his Bar Mitzvah at Beth","title":"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"11492716","text":"laboratories. The SkyBridge facility is an expansion of the Camelback Main Campus. It is located in Old Town Scottsdale, Arizona, minutes away from the main campus. The facilities at SkyBridge Campus include: Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Scottsdale Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts- Scottsdale formerly Scottsdale Culinary Institute (SCI) is a career-focused school in Arizona specializing in culinary and hospitality education. Elizabeth Sherman Leite started Scottsdale Culinary Institute in 1986. The College is owned by Career Education Corporation under a licensing agreement with Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. The Institute is located in a former country","title":"Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Scottsdale"},{"psg_id":"9619559","text":"in a certain choice of colors. Skirts may be plaid or plain colors, but cannot be more than 4″ above the knee. The students may wear college or school sponsored t-shirts on Fridays. Scottsdale Christian Academy Scottsdale Christian Academy (SCA) is a K-12, private, non-denominational Christian school in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is accredited by AdvancEd and the Association of Christian Schools International. Over 98% of Scottsdale Christian Academy graduates attend college immediately after graduation, and its graduation rate is 100%. All the school's K-12 teachers are fully degreed and certified through ACSI and/or the state. SCA is AdvancEd","title":"Scottsdale Christian Academy"},{"psg_id":"10388424","text":"in terms of aircraft movements, and regularly in the top 15 for passengers. Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale. In May 2006, voters in Tucson approved a Regional Transportation Plan (a comprehensive bus transit/streetcar/roadway improvement program), and its funding via a new half-cent sales tax increment. The centerpiece of the plan is a light rail streetcar system (possibly similar to the Portland Streetcar in Oregon) that will travel through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with the Rio Nuevo master plan area on the","title":"Transportation in Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006180","text":"is a private golf club in the McDowell Mountain Range, the course itself is a par 72 on . In the past, it has received awards from Golf Digest and Golfweek. It hosts a 18-hole course as well as a nine-hole course called \"The Bad Little Nine.\" The club also hosts the \"Wild West Invitational,\" a tournament including a final round where competitors must contend with loud distractions. It has also been mentioned as a possible location for future PGA Championships. Scottsdale is governed by a mayor and city council, all of whom are elected \"at large\" to represent the","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"5481474","text":"Kingman Airport (Arizona) Kingman Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located northeast of the central business district of Kingman, a city in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. As per the Federal Aviation Administration, this airport had 897 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2010, 878 in 2011, and 924 in 2012. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2013–2017 categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility (the \"commercial service\" category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year). The Kingman Airport was built as a World War II United States Army Air Forces training field. Between 1942 and 1945 the","title":"Kingman Airport (Arizona)"},{"psg_id":"1006129","text":"early to mid 1880s, U.S. Army Chaplain Winfield Scott visited the Salt River Valley and was impressed with the region and its potential for agriculture. Returning in 1888 with his wife, Helen, he purchased 640 acres for $3.50 ($ as of 2015) an acre for a stretch of land where downtown Scottsdale is now located. Winfield and his brother, George Washington Scott, became the first residents of the town, which was then known as Orangedale due to the large citrus groves planted by the Scott brothers. Many of the community's original settlers, recruited by Scott from the East and Midwest,","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"},{"psg_id":"1006164","text":"Artwalk is held weekly, every Thursday evening. Scottsdale's affluent culture has been depicted by shows such as MTV's \"My Super Sweet 16\", which filmed an episode in the area in 2006, and by the short-lived CBS reality show \"Tuesday Night Book Club.\" \"The West's most western town\" prides itself in its rich Western history, preserving while heavily promoting its plethora of \"western\" activities and events. The Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show has taken place since 1955. Today, the show attracts thousands of visitors and tourists, to see nearly 2000 purebred Arabian and Half-Arabian horses competing for various prizes and recognition. The","title":"Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006184\",\n \"text\": \"and four branches within the Scottsdale Public Library System. State Route 101 – locally known as Loop 101 – provides convenient Metropolitan Phoenix Freeways access. The city is home to Scottsdale Municipal Airport , a single-runway airport located in North Scottsdale. While the airport serves some tour and commuter flights, the plurality of aircraft operations are corporate and transient general aviation traffic. Commercial air travel is served by Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix and Phoenix Mesa Gateway Airport in Mesa. Public bus service for Scottsdale and the Phoenix Metropolitan Area is provided by Valley Metro. The city of\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006187\",\n \"text\": \"early as 1913 but was never built; Scottsdale is the largest American city that has never had a rail line. Scottsdale, Arizona Scottsdale (; ) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, part of the Greater Phoenix Area. Named Scottsdale in 1894 after founder Winfield Scott and incorporated in 1951 with a population of 2,000, the 2015 population of the city is estimated to be 236,839 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. \\\"The New York Times\\\" described downtown Scottsdale as \\\"a desert version of Miami's South Beach\\\" and as having \\\"plenty of late night\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006170\",\n \"text\": \"Old Town district of Downtown Scottsdale, the Scottsdale Civic Center Mall is home to the two-theater Scottsdale Center for the Performing Arts, the Scottsdale Historical Museum, as well as the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art. SMoCA is the only permanent museum dedicated solely to the contemporary arts in the state of Arizona. Also located in Old Town, Western Spirit: Scottsdale's Museum of the West opened in January 2015, featuring historical and cultural exhibits from 19 states of the American West, including Arizona. Taliesin West, famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright's winter home and school from 1937 until 1959, is now one\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006125\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona Scottsdale (; ) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, part of the Greater Phoenix Area. Named Scottsdale in 1894 after founder Winfield Scott and incorporated in 1951 with a population of 2,000, the 2015 population of the city is estimated to be 236,839 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. \\\"The New York Times\\\" described downtown Scottsdale as \\\"a desert version of Miami's South Beach\\\" and as having \\\"plenty of late night partying and a buzzing hotel scene.\\\" Its slogan is \\\"The West's Most Western Town.\\\" Scottsdale, 31 miles long and 11.4\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006175\",\n \"text\": \"listed in the National Register of Historic Places with a short description of the same. The city is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants, who practice at Scottsdale Stadium in Downtown Scottsdale. Scottsdale Stadium also hosts the Scottsdale Scorpions, a minor league baseball team in the Arizona Fall League. In February 2011 the Colorado Rockies and Arizona Diamondbacks began sharing a new spring training facility, Salt River Fields at Talking Stick, located on the city's eastern border with the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. Though none play specifically in the city of Scottsdale, all of the \\\"Big\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006183\",\n \"text\": \"are Horizon High School and Pinnacle High School. The primary institution of higher education in the city is Scottsdale Community College, which opened in 1970 on the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Reservation. In 1999, the school opened a second campus in the Scottsdale Airpark allowing it to serve the business community and north Scottsdale. Other institutions of higher education with locations in Scottsdale include the Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, University of Phoenix, Gateway Seminary, and the Scottsdale Culinary Institute. Many students at nearby Arizona State University in Tempe live in Scottsdale and commute. Scottsdale has a main branch\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17814146\",\n \"text\": \"largest health care delivery system in Arizona, United States. Abrazo Health Care is located in Phoenix, Arizona. In 2013, Vanguard was acquired by Tenet Healthcare. Below are some accreditations given to the hospital by notable organisations. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before\",\n \"title\": \"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17814145\",\n \"text\": \"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before being spun off as part of Triad Hospitals in 1999. In 2001, Vanguard Health Systems purchased Paradise Valley Hospital from Triad. In 2003, Vanguard established Abrazo Health Care as its Arizona subsidiary. Abrazo is the second\",\n \"title\": \"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006174\",\n \"text\": \"Arizona at Indian Bend were deconstructed following the opening of Casino Arizona at Talking Stick Resort. The casino is adjoined to the newly constructed 15-story Talking Stick Resort & Spa, which features the Talking Stick golf course, a 36-hole golf course designed by Ben Crenshaw and Bill Coore. Today, the two casinos collectively have over 2,000 slot machines and 100 table games. There are numerous properties in the city of Scottsdale which are considered to be historical and have been included either in the National Register of Historic Places or the Scottsdale Historic Register. The gallery contains images of properties\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006146\",\n \"text\": \"price is $291,500, compared to $667,450 in North Scottsdale. A portion of McDowell Road in South Scottsdale used to be known as \\\"Motor Mile,\\\" having at one time 31 dealerships represented along the street. The strip, at one time, generated over $10 million in sale tax revenue each year and was one of the most profitable auto-miles in the United States. In recent years, many of these dealerships have left the city, including 6 in 2008 alone. South Scottsdale is the home to a new research center for Arizona State University, known as \\\"SkySong\\\", a collaboration between the university, local\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006154\",\n \"text\": \"Christian faith(s) – including Protestant and Roman Catholic – the city's high population growth over the years has resulted in a more diverse population. Most notably, greater numbers of Eastern Orthodox and Jews have been added to the population. Though smaller in number, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist communities also exist within the city of Scottsdale. There is also a small population of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), as is common throughout Phoenix, Arizona, and the Western United States. The first church founded in Scottsdale was the First Baptist Church of Scottsdale, which was built\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006186\",\n \"text\": \"including Arizona State University's main campus, and the downtown Tempe, or Mill Avenue, area. Between December 2007 and 2009, Scottsdale was a member of the board of Valley Metro Rail line which connects the neighboring cities of Phoenix, Tempe and Mesa. There was a study in 2001, and some discussion since, of extending the light rail line into Scottsdale. The city's Transportation Master Plan identifies Scottsdale Road as the city's high-capacity corridor, which could be light rail, modern streetcar service, or bus rapid-transit (BRT). A street railway interurban line was proposed to connect Scottsdale with Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa as\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006167\",\n \"text\": \"of New York City), including popular department store line fashion designers and some higher end ones during the month of November. In what is considered to be the longest continually running festival of its kind in the nation , the Scottsdale Culinary Festival is held annually during April. Though many of its individual events are held citywide, they concentrate in the downtown area. Entirely, it is estimated that the week-long festival draws over 40,000 people. The most heavily attended such event is the festival's Great Arizona Picnic, an outdoor fair-like showcase of both well-known local and national chefs and restaurants.\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18500714\",\n \"text\": \"and in 1994 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona) The Little Red Schoolhouse is a former school building located in Scottsdale, Arizona. It was originally known as the Scottsdale Grammar School and is now home to the Scottsdale Historical Museum. The Little Red Schoolhouse was built in 1909 to replace an earlier one-room frame schoolhouse that was built in 1896. The new schoolhouse is a two-classroom structure built of red brick at a cost of $4,500. In addition to the two large classrooms, there is an entrance hall, two small rooms\",\n \"title\": \"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18500712\",\n \"text\": \"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona) The Little Red Schoolhouse is a former school building located in Scottsdale, Arizona. It was originally known as the Scottsdale Grammar School and is now home to the Scottsdale Historical Museum. The Little Red Schoolhouse was built in 1909 to replace an earlier one-room frame schoolhouse that was built in 1896. The new schoolhouse is a two-classroom structure built of red brick at a cost of $4,500. In addition to the two large classrooms, there is an entrance hall, two small rooms for storage, and a full-sized basement that was used as a church and\",\n \"title\": \"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006130\",\n \"text\": \"were educated and had an appreciation for cultural activities. The town's name was changed to Scottsdale in 1894, after its founder. In 1896, these settlers established the Scottsdale Public School system, and opened the first schoolhouse, which was followed by the opening of the first general store by J. L. Davis, which also housed the first post office for Scottsdale in 1897. In the early 1900s the community supported an artists and writers culture, culminating in the opening of the region's first resort in 1909, the Ingleside Inn, located just south of the Arizona Canal and west of the Crosscut\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006148\",\n \"text\": \"named because it is in close proximity to the east-west running Shea Boulevard. The houses in this region were generally built during the 1970s. Real estate in the Shea Corridor (Central Scottsdale) has increased during the 1990s, and overall, the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale real estate market saw the largest gain in house prices in the nation during the mid-2000s with a 38.4% increase in value. There are a number of communities in this central region of Scottsdale that remain among the most highly desired residential areas in the metropolitan area, including Gainey Ranch and McCormick Ranch. A large portion of Scottsdale Road\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006171\",\n \"text\": \"of the most popular tourist attractions in Arizona. The complex is located in the northeast fringe of the city, at the base of the McDowell Mountains. Scottsdale is home to a variety of high-end nightclubs, restaurants, hotels, lounges and bars. This is evident by the growing number of style-conscious hotels that have opened up throughout Downtown Scottsdale which equally cater to the nightlife crowds. Most notably, the Morgan Hotel Group's all-white Mondrian Hotel (which went out of business), the FireSky Resort & Spa, the independent mid-century Hotel Valley Ho and the W Hotel. The majority of nightlife is concentrated in\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006155\",\n \"text\": \"by Scott and his family. The church has named a small non-profit coffee shop on the corner of their campus after Scott, called Winfield's. Congregation Beth Israel, the oldest Reform Judaism congregation in the Phoenix metropolitan area is located in Scottsdale, and is the largest congregation in Arizona. In North Scottsdale, there is the Jewish Community Center of Phoenix and the New Shul. The community center was originally located in central Phoenix, it had eventually outgrown the location and was looking to relocate and build a more expansive campus. In 2009, a new Armenian Apostolic church was built in the\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006149\",\n \"text\": \"in the Shea Corridor has been dubbed the \\\"Resort Corridor\\\" for the high number of resorts locating on the street. The second Ritz Carlton in the Phoenix metropolitan area will be constructed along this corridor. North Scottsdale is currently the most actively developed area of Scottsdale as it was historically the least built up. This portion of the city also claims many of the most expensive houses in Arizona, with many exceeding $5 million in value. The city's borders are rapidly expanding to the east and west in this area, containing the McDowell Mountain range. Much of the residential boom\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006132\",\n \"text\": \"the Granite Reef and Roosevelt dams (in 1908 and 1911, respectively), Scottsdale's population experienced a boom, growing steadily during those years. Scottsdale became a small market town providing services for families involved in the agricultural industry. During the First World War Scottsdale and its environs supported a large cotton farming industry, which was due to the creation of Long Staple Egyptian Cotton, developed by the US Department of Agriculture. Although cotton is still grown in southern Arizona, Scottsdale's cotton boom ended with the loss of government contracts at the end of the war. In 1920, a second resort was opened\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006173\",\n \"text\": \"permanent casino in the Scottsdale area, \\\"Casino Arizona\\\", at Loop 101 and McKellips Road. The success of Casino Arizona led to the construction of a second location, \\\"Casino Arizona at Indian Bend\\\", in a temporary facility less than north. The passage of Proposition 202 in November 2002 redefined casino gaming in Arizona, permitting \\\"Vegas-style\\\" blackjack and poker, expanded number of slot machines and wider food and beverage service options. Both casinos underwent significant expansions following the passage of Proposition 202, with Casino Arizona at Indian Bend more than doubling in size. In 2010, the temporary tent facilities hosting the Casino\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006126\",\n \"text\": \"miles wide at its widest point, shares boundaries with many other municipalities and entities. On the west, Scottsdale is bordered by Phoenix, Paradise Valley and unincorporated Maricopa County land. Carefree is located along the western boundary, as well as sharing Scottsdale's northern boundary with the Tonto National Forest. To the south Scottsdale is bordered by Tempe. The southern boundary is also occupied by the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which extends along the eastern boundary, which also borders Fountain Hills, the McDowell Mountain Regional Park and more unincorporated Maricopa County land. The area which would include what would become Scottsdale\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006131\",\n \"text\": \"Canal (Indian School Road at about 64th Street) in what is today Scottsdale. Also in 1909, Cavalliere's Blacksmith Shop opened in downtown Scottsdale, and the original schoolhouse was replaced by the much more expansive Little Red Schoolhouse, which remains standing to this day. While not in its original building, Cavalliere's has been in continuance operation since that time. In 1912, both the Phoenix Street Railway Company and a competitor, the Salt River Valley Electric Railway Company, proposed building streetcar lines to Scottsdale but due to an economic downturn, neither was built. Between 1908 and 1933, due to the construction of\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12234099\",\n \"text\": \"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona) Congregation Beth Israel () is a Jewish congregation located at 10460 North 56th Street in Scottsdale, Arizona. Formally incorporated in 1920, it affiliated with the Reform Judaism in 1935. Abraham Lincoln Krohn was rabbi of Beth Israel from 1938 to 1953, and during his tenure the congregation grew from under 100 to almost 600 member families. He was succeeded by Albert Plotkin, who served for almost 40 years. Beth Israel's original building in Downtown Phoenix, constructed in 1921–1922, is listed on both the city's historic property register and the National Register of Historic Places. After\",\n \"title\": \"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8107882\",\n \"text\": \"Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona) Horizon High School is a public high school in Scottsdale, Arizona in the Paradise Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1980. The current principal is Linda Ihnat. About 2,200 students are enrolled in the school. In 1978 the Paradise Valley Unified School District commissioned the Architecture Firm of Michael and Kemper Goodwin Ltd. to design the new 6 building campus. Construction began the following year and was undertaken by the Del E. Webb Corporation and was nearly completed when the school opened in August 1980. The school's Auditorium was constructed in 1983.\",\n \"title\": \"Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8107883\",\n \"text\": \"Additional new classroom buildings were constructed in 2003 and 2008. The Horizon High School Choir has about 400 students in the program. The different choirs include Concert Choirs, Women’s Choirs, Men’s Choir, Women's Elite, Town Criers and two Show Choirs (Show Divas and Step On Stage). Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona) Horizon High School is a public high school in Scottsdale, Arizona in the Paradise Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1980. The current principal is Linda Ihnat. About 2,200 students are enrolled in the school. In 1978 the Paradise Valley Unified School District commissioned the Architecture\",\n \"title\": \"Horizon High School (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006133\",\n \"text\": \"on 12 acres of the property owned by the artist Jessie Benton Evans. Called the Jokake Inn, meaning \\\"mud house,\\\" the structure still stands on the grounds of the world-famous Phoenician Resort. The Depression years saw an influx of artists and architects to Scottsdale, which included, in 1937, the internationally renowned Frank Lloyd Wright. In 1937, Wright and his wife purchased 600 desert acres at the foot of the McDowell Mountains and established what is now known as Taliesin West, his winter home and his architectural firm's Southwestern headquarters. Scottsdale and the rest of Phoenix have seen an everlasting influence\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006185\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale runs a network of local neighborhood circulators, labeled the \\\"Scottsdale Trolley.\\\" Using trolley-replica buses, the public service is free to riders. There are currently two circulating \\\"routes,\\\" known individually as the Downtown Trolley and the Neighborhood Trolley. These connect at the Loloma Station transit center in downtown Scottsdale. The Downtown Trolley circulates through downtown Scottsdale, and the Neighborhood Trolley circulates from downtown Scottsdale to neighborhoods throughout South Scottsdale, connecting with the city of Tempe's own free public circulator, the Tempe Orbit at Roosevelt and Scottsdale Road. From there, riders can transfer onto the Tempe Orbit, and travel to Tempe,\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5165414\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Stadium Scottsdale Stadium is a baseball field located in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States. The stadium was built in 1992 and holds 12,000 people. It is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants. Scottsdale was the home of the Phoenix Firebirds of the Pacific Coast League from 1992 until 1997, when the team moved to Fresno, California, and became the Grizzlies, in order to make room for the National League's Arizona Diamondbacks, who began play in 1998 and the Arizona Centennials of the Freedom Pro Baseball League in 2012. Scottsdale also hosted the Valley Vipers of the independent\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006163\",\n \"text\": \"2005, the city's annual Scottsdale Arts Festival was ranked the number-one such event in the US by \\\"American Style Magazine\\\". The highest concentrations of galleries, studios and museums that are open to the public can be found in Downtown Scottsdale. Its Scottsdale Arts District can be segmented into three distinct districts. The largest is the Scottsdale Main Street Arts District, home to the largest and most diverse collection of styles and genres, the more contemporary Marshall Way Arts District, and the more touristy and western-themed Old Town district, which has the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art. The very popular Scottsdale\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006145\",\n \"text\": \"in five years and groundwater cleanup completed in 30 years. The city also developed a robot arm garbage truck, replacing crews who dumped cans into a train of open trailers pulled by a truck, with a single operator sitting in an air conditioned cab. The city is loosely divided into four areas: South Scottsdale (McKellips Road north to Thomas Road), Old Town (Downtown) Scottsdale, Central Scottsdale (also known as the \\\"Shea Corridor,\\\" extending from Camelback Road north to Shea Boulevard), and North Scottsdale. South Scottsdale has for many years been the working class region of Scottsdale. The median resale home\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006136\",\n \"text\": \"in 1951, growing from 2,000 to 10,000 residents during the 1950s. This growth necessitated development into the flood plain known as the Indian Bend Wash. Flood plains throughout history have been enticing locations for development due to their flatness, ease of building and inexpensiveness. This is even more temptation in a desert environment, when flooding so rarely happens. As Scottsdale expanded, the Indian Bend Wash virtually bisected the city in half north to south. In the late 1950s, the problem became more and more pronounced, until in 1959 the Maricopa County Flood Control District (MCFCD) was formed by the Arizona\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14480794\",\n \"text\": \"Basis Scottsdale Basis Scottsdale is a charter school operated by Basis Schools in Scottsdale, Arizona. Charter schools in Arizona are not required to hire teachers who meet state teaching certification requirements. Basis teachers make less than the average for public school teachers in the state, although Basis.ed contends that with bonuses, compensation is competitive. Nevertheless, academic standards at Basis Scottsdale are high. Basis Scottsdale requires graduating students to take seven AP-level courses and sit for six AP exams. As a publicly funded school, Basis Scottsdale is not selective. In 2017, however, the wait list numbered a thousand. The school does\",\n \"title\": \"Basis Scottsdale\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006181\",\n \"text\": \"entire city. A city manager is responsible for the executive leadership of the city staff, as well as implementing council policies, developing programs and budgets to respond to council goals, and ensuring that citizens receive effective and efficient city services. The city manager also serves as the city treasurer. The current mayor is Republican Jim Lane. The distinctive Scottsdale City Hall was designed by architect Bennie Gonzales in 1968, and was designed with an interior kiva for community meetings. Public education in Scottsdale is provided for by both the Scottsdale Unified School District (SUSD), which serves most of Scottsdale, most\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006168\",\n \"text\": \"It is held on the lawn of the Scottsdale Civic Center Mall. The annual Scottsdale International Film Festival concentrates on the use of film to foster of the world's cultures, lifestyles, religions, and ethnicities. Scottsdale is home to more than 125 professional art galleries and studios, one of the highest per-capita anywhere in the nation. The city has quickly become a center for art in the United States. According to the Scottsdale Convention & Visitor's Bureau and \\\"American Style Magazine\\\", the city has become one of the country's largest art markets, usually only sharing ranks with New York City, New\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13127427\",\n \"text\": \"FAA: GCN), a small, but busy, single-runway facility providing tourist flights, mostly from Las Vegas. Phoenix Sky Harbor is currently 7th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements, and 17th for passenger traffic. Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale, and Deer Valley Airport (IATA: DVT, ICAO: KDVT, FAA: DVT) home to two flight training academies and the nation's busiest general aviation airport. The state capital of Arizona is Phoenix. The original Capitol building, with its distinctive copper dome, was dedicated in 1901 (construction was completed\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006165\",\n \"text\": \"show also features over 300 vendors and exhibitions, and over 25 demonstrations and shows. Perhaps the most famous present-day \\\"cowboy\\\" event is the Scottsdale Jaycees Parada del Sol, an annual month-long event that has been held in Scottsdale since 1954. Originally named The Sunshine Festival, the PRCA Rodeo was added in 1956. Cowboys and cowgirls from across the nation converge in Scottsdale to participate in this cultural and historical event. The event begins each year with the \\\"Parada del Sol Parade\\\", the world's largest horse-drawn parade with over 150 entries in any given year. Since 1971, Scottsdale has been home\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006161\",\n \"text\": \"centers. The most notable regional centers include the Kierland Commons in North Scottsdale, and the Scottsdale Fashion Square in Downtown Scottsdale, a major destination for high-end retailers. These shopping centers (and others) in Scottsdale claim dozens of marquee brands that are unique to both Phoenix and the Southwestern region. As of 2016, the Scottsdale Fashion Square was ranked in the top 25 most visited malls in the country by \\\"Travel + Leisure\\\" magazine. It has consistently been one of the most profitable malls in the United States, being ranked in 2016 as the second highest sales per square foot mall\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5165416\",\n \"text\": \"of the top attended venues in Arizona's Cactus League. The Scottsdale Charros organize and promote San Francisco spring training in the city. The stadium is also host of the Scottsdale Scorpions in the Arizona Fall League, and hosts the Fall League's championship game at the end of November. During the summer the stadium is home the Arizona League Giants of the Arizona League. The stadium is also available to rent and hosts numerous parties, events and meetings throughout the year. The stadium was built on the site of the old Scottsdale Stadium, built in 1956, which also hosted the Giants\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3315947\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Community College Scottsdale Community College, is located on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community in Scottsdale, a suburb/rural area of Phoenix, Arizona. Scottsdale Community College is a two-year college located on the eastern boundary of the city of Scottsdale, Arizona, on 160 acres (650,000 m) of land belonging to the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. The lease was taken out in 1970 and will expire in 2069. The school is part of the Maricopa County Community College District. Scottsdale Community College opened in the fall of 1969 and moved to its present location in the fall of 1970 with\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Community College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19106317\",\n \"text\": \"health care delivery system in Arizona, United States. Abrazo Health Care is located in Phoenix, Arizona. In 2013, Vanguard was acquired by Tenet Healthcare. Below are some accreditations given to the hospital by notable organisations. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before being spun\",\n \"title\": \"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006150\",\n \"text\": \"in North Scottsdale is driven by available land to build coupled with the fast growth of \\\"Scottsdale Airpark\\\", the second largest employment center in the Phoenix metropolitan, and estimated to become the largest by 2010. The Scottsdale Airpark, home to over 55,000 employees, 2,600 businesses and of office space is expected to continue growing by over 3,000 employees per year. Many important companies are headquartered or have regional headquarters in the park, including Acronis, AXA, GE Capital, DHL, Discount Tire Company, Fidelity Investments, JDA Software, GoDaddy.com, The Vanguard Group, And Quicken Loans. Scottsdale's climate is arid. Winters are mild to\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006156\",\n \"text\": \"city, representing the larger numbers of Armenians in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. The tourism industry is Scottsdale's primary employer, accounting for 39% of the city's workforce. In 2005, Scottsdale attracted over 7.5 million visitors to the city, providing an economic impact of over $3.1 billion. The city of Scottsdale by itself is home to more than 70 resorts and hotels, boasting over 15,000 hotel rooms. This large hospitality market primarily caters to a higher-end, white-collar demographic. The city of Scottsdale is tied with Atlanta for fourth, after New York City, Las Vegas, and Chicago respectively, as having the most AAA\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006143\",\n \"text\": \"reaches of the Sonoran Desert. Scottsdale, 31 miles long and 11.4 miles wide at its widest point, shares boundaries with many other municipalities and entities. On the west, Scottsdale is bordered by Phoenix, Paradise Valley, and unincorporated Maricopa County land. Carefree is located along the eastern boundary, as well as sharing Scottsdale's northern boundary with the Tonto National Forest. To the south Scottsdale is bordered by Tempe. The southern boundary is also occupied by the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which extends along the eastern boundary, which also borders Fountain Hills, the McDowell Mountain Regional Park and more unincorporated Maricopa\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006177\",\n \"text\": \"the Tournament Players Club (or \\\"TPC\\\") in North Scottsdale. The TPC is adjacent to the large Fairmont Scottsdale Resort. It is the largest-attended stop of the annual PGA Tour, attracting well over 500,000 people to the 4-day event alone. Hiking, rock climbing and other similar outdoor activities are enormously popular throughout the Phoenix-area, in large part to the immediate accessibility of mountain areas within or very near the city limits. Citizens flock ritually to local favorite Camelback Mountain, located in the eastern section of Phoenix, just adjacent to Scottsdale, as well as the McDowell Mountains in the McDowell Sonoran Preserve,\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006166\",\n \"text\": \"to the Barrett-Jackson Auto Show. Due to the success of this week-long event held every January, the organizers behind it have more recently inaugurated similar but smaller shows in Palm Beach, Florida and Las Vegas, Nevada. Now held at the expansive West World exhibition complex in North Scottsdale, the event is an auto enthusiast's and collector's spectacle. The show is known for featuring both exotic, luxury automobiles and historic vehicles which have been expertly restored to mint condition. Since 2007, Scottsdale has been hosting low and high fashion shows in the annual Scottsdale Fashion Week (not quite comparable to those\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006179\",\n \"text\": \"WestWorld. In all, the city is home to more than 200 area courses offering layouts that range from the rolling green fairways of traditional courses, to desert golf designs. In 2006, the Robb Report cited Scottsdale as, \\\"America's Best Place to Live for Golf.\\\" The Boulders Resort & Golden Spa and Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North were selected in 2005 as the second and fourth best golf resorts in the nation by \\\"Travel + Leisure Golf\\\" magazine. Other golf courses in the area include FireRock, Troon North, The Phoenician, and Silverleaf, and Desert Mountain. Scottsdale National Golf Club\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006172\",\n \"text\": \"Downtown Scottsdale, between Camelback and Osborn roads. This is the most active and popular nightlife destination in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Similar to well-known nightclub districts in other major cities, much like Atlanta's Buckhead district and Miami's South Beach, most of Downtown Scottsdale's major bars and clubs are generally located within walking distance. Crowds of over 40,000-strong are known to congregate to this area. Southeast Scottsdale borders the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. For several years, the \\\"Scottsdale Pavilions\\\", a major outdoor shopping center, marked the only commercial property operating on tribal lands. In 1998, the tribe opened the first\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006157\",\n \"text\": \"Five-Diamond hotels and resorts in the United States. In 2015, AAA bestowed four such properties in Scottsdale with the highest honor: The Phoenician, The Canyon Suites, Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North, and the Fairmont Princess Resort and Spa. As of 2016, Scottsdale has the highest number of destination spas per capita of any city in the United States. The region's year-round warm weather and abundant sunshine is a major factor in Scottsdale's tourism appeal. In particular, during the winter, thousands of wealthy tourists from the midwest, the northeast, and as far away as Canada (known locally as \\\"snowbirds\\\"),\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12234121\",\n \"text\": \"who graduated as a cantor from the Hebrew Union College in 1997, had previously served as cantor of Congregation Beth Israel in Austin, Texas. Plotkin died in February 2010. , Beth Israel was the oldest congregation in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The senior rabbi was Stephen Kahn, the associate rabbi was Rony Keller, and the cantor was Jaime Shpall. The congregation also owned and operated Camp Daisy and Harry Stein, a Jewish overnight camp in Prescott National Forest near Prescott, Arizona, the only Jewish camp in the area. Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona) Congregation Beth Israel () is a Jewish\",\n \"title\": \"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15338300\",\n \"text\": \"team played its games in Surprise, Arizona due to renovations of Scottsdale Stadium. The team returned to Scottsdale Stadium the following year only to be named the Grand Canyon Scorpions. The team would change their name back to the Scottsdale Scorpions in the 2007 season. They would win the championship in 2010, the first time in fourteen years. They also won the championship in 2015. The Stenson Award was created in 2004 by the Arizona Fall League, in memory of Dernell Stenson, a Scorpions outfielder (Cincinnati Reds), who was killed in a carjacking on November 5, 2003. Scottsdale Scorpions The\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Scorpions\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9914758\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Gun Club The Scottsdale Gun Club (SGC) is an indoor shooting range located in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. The facility is the largest public indoor shooting range in the United States, with 32 total lanes. The building's architect was Arrington Watkins of Phoenix, Arizona and the Club is recognized by the National Association of Shooting Ranges as a 'Five Star Facility'. The building includes three eight lane public shooting bays, a tactical bay, and a tactical shoot house. The Scottsdale Gun Club opened for business in May 2004. Conceived by Terry Schmidt, Nadine Little and Mark Hanish, the $8.2 million\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Gun Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15338299\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Scorpions The Scottsdale Scorpions are a baseball team that plays in the East Division of the Arizona Fall League located in Scottsdale, Arizona. They play their home games at Scottsdale Stadium. In the fall of 1994, the team gained worldwide media attention, when Michael Jordan joined the Scorpions after playing his first minor league baseball season with the Double-A Birmingham Barons in Birmingham, Alabama. The Scorpions won their first championship in 1996 against the Mesa Saguaros. The Scorpions would make the championship game in 2002, 2004, and 2005 but would fail to win it. For the 2005 season, the\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Scorpions\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8592203\",\n \"text\": \"one alternative school. The Scottsdale Unified School District is converting Mohave and Supai middle schools to 6th-8th grades in the near future. The original Scottsdale High School operated from 1922 until 1983. Scottsdale Unified School District The Scottsdale Unified School District (SUSD) is a school district with its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. The district serves most of Scottsdale, most of Paradise Valley, a portion of Phoenix, and a portion of Tempe. Its 22 schools earning the state's highest rating, Excelling. All SUSD schools are rated as Performing, Performing Plus, Highly Performing or Excelling by the Arizona Department of Education. In\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Unified School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006135\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Roads in what today is Papago Park. In 1950, the town continued to grow as Motorola became the first of many technology companies to build a plant in Scottsdale. They would follow with a second plant in 1956. With a population of approximately 2,000, the city was incorporated on June 25, 1951. The city appointed its first mayor, Malcolm White, and adopted the motto \\\"The West's Most Western Town.\\\" The seal, depicting a mounted cowboy surrounded by a 64-pointed starburst, was designed by Mrs. Gene Brown Pennington. The town began a period of rapid population growth after its incorporation\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19106316\",\n \"text\": \"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus Abrazo Scottsdale Campus (formerly Paradise Valley Hospital) is an acute care hospital located in Phoenix, Arizona, in the United States. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus offers orthopedic services, sports medicines, rehabilitation services, diagnostic imaging, surgical weight loss procedures, women's health services, da Vinci Surgical System, and 24-hour emergency care. Abrazo Scottsdale Campus opened in 1983. It was formerly part of Columbia/HCA, before being spun off as part of Triad Hospitals in 1999. In 2001, Vanguard Health Systems purchased Paradise Valley Hospital from Triad. In 2003, Vanguard established Abrazo Health Care as its Arizona subsidiary. Abrazo is the second largest\",\n \"title\": \"Abrazo Scottsdale Campus\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006128\",\n \"text\": \"to be the direct descendants of the Hohokam people. Before European settlement, Scottsdale was a Pima village known as Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ, meaning \\\"rotting hay.\\\" Some Pima remained in their original homes well into the 20th century. For example, until the late 1960s, there was a still-occupied traditional dwelling on the southeast corner of Indian Bend Road and Hayden Road. Currently, those Pima who live within Scottsdale reside in newer homes rather than traditional dwellings. Many Pima and Maricopa people continue to reside on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which borders Scottsdale directly to the south and east. In the\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006140\",\n \"text\": \"much of the eastern boundary of Scottsdale and was owned by Fowler and Anne McCormick. Fowler's paternal grandfather was Cyrus McCormick, the inventor of the grain reaper, and his maternal grandfather was John D. Rockefeller. When Anne died in 1970, the property was sold to Kaiser-Aetna for $12.1 million. This started a series of large-scale, master planned communities within the borders of Scottsdale, some of which included Scottsdale Ranch (1978), Gainey Ranch (1980), McDowell Mountain Ranch (1992), Desert Mountain (1986), and DC Ranch (1990s). In 1975, the \\\"east Shea\\\" section, bordering Fountain Hills, was annexed by the city, expanding its\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006142\",\n \"text\": \"McDowell Sonoran Preserve will be nearly one-third of Scottsdale's land area, equal in size to Bryce Canyon National Park. From its official incorporation in 1951 with a population of 2,000, the city of Scottsdale has grown to a 2010 Census count of 217,385. It is now the state's sixth-largest city. Scottsdale is commonly defined by its high quality of life, and in 1993 was one of several cities to receive a \\\"Most Livable City\\\" award from the United States Conference of Mayors. The city is located in the Salt River Valley, or the \\\"Valley of the Sun,\\\" in the northern\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006144\",\n \"text\": \"County land. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.12%) is water. From the 1950s through the 1970s, several large manufacturing companies in the Scottsdale and Tempe areas used the solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) in their manufacturing and operating processes. In 1981, TCE began to show up in two Scottsdale drinking wells, and in 1983, the Indian Bend Wash superfund site was listed on the Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List. Physical construction of environmental remediation systems was completed by 2006, with soil cleanup expected to be completed\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4558843\",\n \"text\": \"War II came to an end. So well did civilian contractors complete their initial assignment, that by August 4, 1944, only 40 of the original 64 primary schools were still in operation. At the closing of Thunderbird #2, only 15 remained opened to complete the task of primary training. After the war, Arizona State Teachers College (now Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona), acquired the airport in order to implement its own aviation program. Distance from the college campus and cost of operating an aviation program soon convinced the college to abandon its plans. The Arizona Conference of Seventh-day Adventists\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9968791\",\n \"text\": \"support. Scottsdale Public Library The Scottsdale Public Library is the public library system for Scottsdale, Arizona, and is owned and operated by the City of Scottsdale. In 2013 the library system serves Scottsdale’s 226,900 residents as well as residents of Maricopa County and numerous visitors to the city from around the world. The library’s collection contains over 800,000 items (including books, magazines, DVDs, CDs, audio books and more). The library circulates around 2.5 million items per year. As Scottsdale's population continues to increase, the mission of the Scottsdale Public Library System remains more steadfast than ever: “The Scottsdale Public Library\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Public Library\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9968787\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Public Library The Scottsdale Public Library is the public library system for Scottsdale, Arizona, and is owned and operated by the City of Scottsdale. In 2013 the library system serves Scottsdale’s 226,900 residents as well as residents of Maricopa County and numerous visitors to the city from around the world. The library’s collection contains over 800,000 items (including books, magazines, DVDs, CDs, audio books and more). The library circulates around 2.5 million items per year. As Scottsdale's population continues to increase, the mission of the Scottsdale Public Library System remains more steadfast than ever: “The Scottsdale Public Library provides\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Public Library\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006147\",\n \"text\": \"business, and global companies. The development has attracted the research and development arms of a number of international corporations. Old Town Scottsdale is an area with many streets, old fashion stores, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and art galleries. It contains the major nightlife for the area and is a major art center of metro Phoenix. Scottsdale's main cultural district is also in this area, which includes the high-end Scottsdale Fashion Square Mall, one of the twenty largest malls in the United States. The district has currently seen a revival, with new condominiums and hotels under construction. The Shea Corridor is so\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3801699\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Fashion Square Scottsdale Fashion Square is an upscale, super-regional luxury shopping mall located in the downtown area of Scottsdale, Arizona. It is the largest shopping mall in Arizona with approximately 2 million square feet (180,000 m²) of retail space, and is among the top 30 largest malls in the country. It has consistently been one of the most profitable malls in the United States, being ranked in 2016 as the second highest sales per square foot mall in the country, and as of 2016, it was ranked in the top 25 most visited malls in the country by \\\"Travel\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Fashion Square\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006160\",\n \"text\": \"combined central areas of Midtown and Downtown Phoenix, with an estimated 65,000 employees. Among the companies headquartered in Scottsdale are APL, Cold Stone Creamery, Dial, Discount Tire, Discovery Land Company, Fender, Go Daddy, JDA Software, Kahala, Kona Grill, Magellan Health, Paradise Bakery & Café, P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Rural Metro, Axon, and United Blood Services. According to the City's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: The city is home to corporate retail outlets, as well as independent boutiques. There are many shopping areas within the city of Scottsdale, ranging from small districts to large\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8592200\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Unified School District The Scottsdale Unified School District (SUSD) is a school district with its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. The district serves most of Scottsdale, most of Paradise Valley, a portion of Phoenix, and a portion of Tempe. Its 22 schools earning the state's highest rating, Excelling. All SUSD schools are rated as Performing, Performing Plus, Highly Performing or Excelling by the Arizona Department of Education. In 2011, SUSD was \\\"moving toward making Algebra I available to all eighth-graders\\\". The Scottsdale Unified School District was founded in 1896 by Major Winfield Scott, also the founder of the city of\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Unified School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006153\",\n \"text\": \"median age was 42 years. According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $70,533, and the median income for a family was $92,289. The per capita income for the city was $49,158. About 3.4% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over. Scottsdale is home to a large number of churches, chapels, temples, synagogues, mosques and other places of religious worship. Though the majority of Scottsdale residents consider themselves of, or practicing of, the\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5165417\",\n \"text\": \"as well as the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs and Oakland A's. The ballpark was constructed in less than a year to avoid having the Giants play their spring games at another location. In March 2006, the stadium hosted three games from Pool B of the World Baseball Classic. Scottsdale Stadium Scottsdale Stadium is a baseball field located in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States. The stadium was built in 1992 and holds 12,000 people. It is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants. Scottsdale was the home of the Phoenix Firebirds of the Pacific Coast League from\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006162\",\n \"text\": \"in the country, The center is anchored by Nordstrom, Macy's, Neiman Marcus, and Dillard's. One Scottsdale, a collaboration between Macerich and DMB Associates, aims to be the next luxury retail center for the Phoenix-area. In a three-mile (5 km) radius, the center sees an average household income of $110,292, and its zone has more households earning over $100,000 than several famous retail destinations, including Bal Harbour, Naples, Aspen, and The Hamptons. Palmeraie, a , outdoor mixed-use project planned for the SWC of Indian Bend and Scottsdale Rds, has already received commitments from Hermès, Yves Saint Laurent, and John Varvatos. In\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8592201\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale. The first classes were taught by Alza Blount, who, for health reasons, moved to Arizona from Illinois with her husband George and their three children. Classes were held in their adobe home, which was just south of what is now Civic Center Plaza and Second Street. Alza Blount was paid $40 a month to teach the 8-10 students from the seven families who resided in Scottsdale at that time. The district's first bond election was held May 1, 1909, with all 13 citizens voting \\\"yes\\\". The amount of the bond, $5,000, was used to build the district's first school,\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Unified School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006182\",\n \"text\": \"of the town of Paradise Valley, as well as parts of Tempe and east Phoenix, and the Paradise Valley Unified School District (PVUSD), which serves northeast Phoenix and North Scottsdale. SUSD serves 25,668 students in 33 schools and employs 3,862, including 1,551 teachers. SUSD's 33 schools include five high schools: Arcadia High School, Coronado High School, Chaparral High School, Desert Mountain High School, and Saguaro High School. PVUSD is the 7th largest school district in the state, with approximately 30,000 students and 3,800 employees. It contains 47 schools, including 7 high schools. The high schools which serve portions of Scottsdale\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9619557\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Christian Academy Scottsdale Christian Academy (SCA) is a K-12, private, non-denominational Christian school in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is accredited by AdvancEd and the Association of Christian Schools International. Over 98% of Scottsdale Christian Academy graduates attend college immediately after graduation, and its graduation rate is 100%. All the school's K-12 teachers are fully degreed and certified through ACSI and/or the state. SCA is AdvancEd and ACSI (Association of Christian Schools International) accredited through 2020. Scottsdale Christian Academy was founded by Scottsdale Bible Church in 1968, with an enrollment of only 47 students in first through fourth grade.\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Christian Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4369760\",\n \"text\": \"Arizona Falls. Scottsdale's Waterfront Project is aimed at revitalizing an area along the Arizona Canal just west of Scottsdale Road. The City of Scottsdale and the Scottsdale Public Art board engaged the architect Paolo Soleri who designed a bridge over the Arizona Canal in Downtown Scottsdale. The suspension bridge has two steel-clad, 64-foot pylons create a light beam on the walking surface to mark solar events. The bridge will direct pedestrians, bicyclists, and horse riders moving north and south along the Arizona Canal system. Arizona Canal The Arizona Canal is a major canal in central Maricopa County that led to\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona Canal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3315951\",\n \"text\": \"The college also hosts NAU-Scottsdale, which offers several undergraduate programs, as well as the SCC2NAU program. SCC2NAU is a joint admission program between Scottsdale Community College and Northern Arizona University. Programs available: Scottsdale Community College offers associate degrees, as well as Certificates of Completion. SCC also offers several degree options for university transfer, including: The college has also garnered local and national press for offering the first accredited DJ and Turntablism classes at a publicly funded college in the Music Department. A DJ degree and Certificate of Completion is offered. 2. http://library-answers.scottsdalecc.edu/a.php?qid=1485 (history of the Artichoke) Scottsdale Community College Scottsdale\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Community College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19010450\",\n \"text\": \"Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show The Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show is the world's largest Arabian horse show, held annually in Scottsdale, Arizona. Beginning in 1955, the show has grown from 50 horses and a dozen trainers/owners to more than 2200 horses and over 1300 owners. Called the \\\"Super Bowl of the Arabian World\\\", it represents the first leg in the Arabian Triple Crown, the other two major competitions being the Canadian and U.S. National Arabian Championships. In addition to the competition, the show acts as a fundraiser for the Arabian Horse Association of Arizona, which has donated millions of dollars to\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006169\",\n \"text\": \"York and Santa Fe, New Mexico in terms of commerce generated as a direct result of art sales and purchasing. Its galleries and studios are most famous for their western and Native American themed art, though a growing devotion to the contemporary arts has taken hold over the past couple of decades – an element most visible by the large number of modern art galleries which have opened along the Marshall Way Arts District, and the opening of the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art (also referred to as SMoCA) in 1999. Both are located in Downtown Scottsdale. Located in the\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12668429\",\n \"text\": \"by Randy Heckenkemper, and completed in 2007. This course replaced the original Weiskopf and Morrish designed Desert Course. TPC Scottsdale TPC Scottsdale is a 36-hole golf complex in the southwestern United States, located in Scottsdale, Arizona, northeast of Phoenix. Opened in 1986, the resort is part of the Tournament Players Club network of golf courses operated by the PGA Tour. The Stadium Course has been home to the tour's annual Phoenix Open since 1987. Tom Weiskopf and Jay Morrish were commissioned by the PGA Tour to build a course to host the Phoenix Open starting in 1987. The Stadium Course\",\n \"title\": \"TPC Scottsdale\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12668427\",\n \"text\": \"TPC Scottsdale TPC Scottsdale is a 36-hole golf complex in the southwestern United States, located in Scottsdale, Arizona, northeast of Phoenix. Opened in 1986, the resort is part of the Tournament Players Club network of golf courses operated by the PGA Tour. The Stadium Course has been home to the tour's annual Phoenix Open since 1987. Tom Weiskopf and Jay Morrish were commissioned by the PGA Tour to build a course to host the Phoenix Open starting in 1987. The Stadium Course was the result, at an approximate average elevation of above sea level. The par-3 16th hole on the\",\n \"title\": \"TPC Scottsdale\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4558839\",\n \"text\": \"operations in 2004. The airport averages about 10,000 passengers a year. The airport offers clearance, ground and tower services from 1300Z to 0400Z (6 am to 9 pm local time) daily. Neighbors’ complaints about aircraft noise around the airport increased beginning in 2004, peaking in 2005 with over 15,000 complaints being logged. It is unlikely that the airport would close, due to federal grant assurances, and its tremendous economic impact. During World War II the airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces Army Air Forces Training Command as \\\"Thunderbird Field #2\\\" on June 22, 1942, as a\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5165415\",\n \"text\": \"Western Baseball League in 2000, the only season of that team's existence. Arizona United SC of the United Soccer League played at Scottsdale in 2015. The stadium underwent a $23.1 million renovation in 2006. In return, the San Francisco Giants agreed to play at the stadium for an additional 20 years, through 2025, with an option to extend the lease to 2035. Funding for the project included: Key renovations to Scottsdale Stadium included: Key renovations to Indian School Park included: The Giants hold their major league and minor league training operation at the two facilities. Scottsdale Stadium is consistently one\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3801700\",\n \"text\": \"+ Leisure\\\" magazine. The mall is located on the northwest corner of Scottsdale Road and Camelback Road in Scottsdale, Arizona, and has been owned by Westcor, a subsidiary of Macerich, since 2002. During the 1930s and 1940s, the land which would become the Scottsdale Fashion Square was too far from the established Scottsdale and Phoenix business areas to be considered valuable. A Ryan-Evans drug store was the only retail establishment on the site. During the 1940s the 40 acre site was purchased by Harry Lenart. In the 1950s he began to plan for a small shopping center. In 1959, the\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Fashion Square\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18500713\",\n \"text\": \"a community center in the early years. The schoolhouse was later used as the Scottsdale City Hall and Justice Court, the Scottsdale Public Library and then the Scottsdale Chamber of Commerce. The Scottsdale Historical Society was established in 1969 to save the Little Red Schoolhouse from being demolished for the development of the Scottsdale Mall. Over the next several years, the school was restored to its original condition and now includes a classroom exhibit meant to appear as it did in 1910. In November 1991, the Scottsdale Historical Society opened the building to the public as a local history museum\",\n \"title\": \"Little Red Schoolhouse (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12234116\",\n \"text\": \"In 1997, the congregation moved to its current location at 10460 North 56th Street and Shea Boulevard. The building had a main sanctuary that seated 500, and a chapel that seated 300. The Torah ark was decorated with \\\"fused glass surrounded by colored glass\\\". Tabaknek left to join Temple Shalom in Succasunna, New Jersey in 2000, and was replaced by Andrew Meyer as cantor and Michael Sokol as \\\"cantorial soloist\\\". Meyer had previously served for five years as spiritual leader of Temple Beth Emeth in Scottsdale, Arizona. Sokol, who grew up in Phoenix and had his Bar Mitzvah at Beth\",\n \"title\": \"Congregation Beth Israel (Scottsdale, Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11492716\",\n \"text\": \"laboratories. The SkyBridge facility is an expansion of the Camelback Main Campus. It is located in Old Town Scottsdale, Arizona, minutes away from the main campus. The facilities at SkyBridge Campus include: Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Scottsdale Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts- Scottsdale formerly Scottsdale Culinary Institute (SCI) is a career-focused school in Arizona specializing in culinary and hospitality education. Elizabeth Sherman Leite started Scottsdale Culinary Institute in 1986. The College is owned by Career Education Corporation under a licensing agreement with Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. The Institute is located in a former country\",\n \"title\": \"Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Scottsdale\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9619559\",\n \"text\": \"in a certain choice of colors. Skirts may be plaid or plain colors, but cannot be more than 4″ above the knee. The students may wear college or school sponsored t-shirts on Fridays. Scottsdale Christian Academy Scottsdale Christian Academy (SCA) is a K-12, private, non-denominational Christian school in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is accredited by AdvancEd and the Association of Christian Schools International. Over 98% of Scottsdale Christian Academy graduates attend college immediately after graduation, and its graduation rate is 100%. All the school's K-12 teachers are fully degreed and certified through ACSI and/or the state. SCA is AdvancEd\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale Christian Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10388424\",\n \"text\": \"in terms of aircraft movements, and regularly in the top 15 for passengers. Other significant airports without regularly scheduled commercial flights include Scottsdale Municipal Airport (IATA: SCF, ICAO: KSDL) in Scottsdale. In May 2006, voters in Tucson approved a Regional Transportation Plan (a comprehensive bus transit/streetcar/roadway improvement program), and its funding via a new half-cent sales tax increment. The centerpiece of the plan is a light rail streetcar system (possibly similar to the Portland Streetcar in Oregon) that will travel through the downtown area, connecting the main University of Arizona campus with the Rio Nuevo master plan area on the\",\n \"title\": \"Transportation in Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006180\",\n \"text\": \"is a private golf club in the McDowell Mountain Range, the course itself is a par 72 on . In the past, it has received awards from Golf Digest and Golfweek. It hosts a 18-hole course as well as a nine-hole course called \\\"The Bad Little Nine.\\\" The club also hosts the \\\"Wild West Invitational,\\\" a tournament including a final round where competitors must contend with loud distractions. It has also been mentioned as a possible location for future PGA Championships. Scottsdale is governed by a mayor and city council, all of whom are elected \\\"at large\\\" to represent the\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5481474\",\n \"text\": \"Kingman Airport (Arizona) Kingman Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located northeast of the central business district of Kingman, a city in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. As per the Federal Aviation Administration, this airport had 897 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2010, 878 in 2011, and 924 in 2012. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2013–2017 categorized it as a \\\"general aviation\\\" facility (the \\\"commercial service\\\" category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year). The Kingman Airport was built as a World War II United States Army Air Forces training field. Between 1942 and 1945 the\",\n \"title\": \"Kingman Airport (Arizona)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006129\",\n \"text\": \"early to mid 1880s, U.S. Army Chaplain Winfield Scott visited the Salt River Valley and was impressed with the region and its potential for agriculture. Returning in 1888 with his wife, Helen, he purchased 640 acres for $3.50 ($ as of 2015) an acre for a stretch of land where downtown Scottsdale is now located. Winfield and his brother, George Washington Scott, became the first residents of the town, which was then known as Orangedale due to the large citrus groves planted by the Scott brothers. Many of the community's original settlers, recruited by Scott from the East and Midwest,\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1006164\",\n \"text\": \"Artwalk is held weekly, every Thursday evening. Scottsdale's affluent culture has been depicted by shows such as MTV's \\\"My Super Sweet 16\\\", which filmed an episode in the area in 2006, and by the short-lived CBS reality show \\\"Tuesday Night Book Club.\\\" \\\"The West's most western town\\\" prides itself in its rich Western history, preserving while heavily promoting its plethora of \\\"western\\\" activities and events. The Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show has taken place since 1955. Today, the show attracts thousands of visitors and tourists, to see nearly 2000 purebred Arabian and Half-Arabian horses competing for various prizes and recognition. The\",\n \"title\": \"Scottsdale, Arizona\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["scottsdale airport"],"string":"[\n \"scottsdale airport\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1298,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays noah bennet?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9074180","text":"Noah Bennet Noah Bennet, also known as the man in horn-rimmed glasses (a.k.a. HRG) or simply Mr. Bennet, is a character from the NBC drama \"Heroes\" played by Jack Coleman. The role was initially recurring, but became regular as of the 11th episode. His first name was not revealed until \"How to Stop an Exploding Man\", the first-season finale. Along with his adoptive daughter Claire, Noah is the most frequently seen character in the series, and returned for the 2015-16 miniseries \"Heroes Reborn\". At first glance, Noah Bennet appears to be an ordinary businessman who works at the Primatech Paper","title":"Noah Bennet"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074180\",\n \"text\": \"Noah Bennet Noah Bennet, also known as the man in horn-rimmed glasses (a.k.a. HRG) or simply Mr. Bennet, is a character from the NBC drama \\\"Heroes\\\" played by Jack Coleman. The role was initially recurring, but became regular as of the 11th episode. His first name was not revealed until \\\"How to Stop an Exploding Man\\\", the first-season finale. Along with his adoptive daughter Claire, Noah is the most frequently seen character in the series, and returned for the 2015-16 miniseries \\\"Heroes Reborn\\\". At first glance, Noah Bennet appears to be an ordinary businessman who works at the Primatech Paper\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9074207","text":"the paper factory. Thompson asks Bennet when Claire should be showing up at the factory. It is at that moment that Bennet realizes he's too attached to Claire. The graphic novel \"Family Man\" reveals that, at this point, Noah Bennet decides that he must do what he can to save Claire and \"bring down the people [he] work[s] for.\" Having noticed that he is being followed by someone from The Company, Noah Bennet drives to a cybercafé and sends a message to Hana asking for help, which she agrees to do. The episode ends with Noah Bennet taking Claire to","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074195","text":"York. Eden relays information about Mohinder, Isaac Mendez (\"the precog\") and the message \"save the cheerleader, save the world.\" Bennet is disturbed by the last part, but regains his composure. Bennet tells Eden to prevent Mohinder from leaving New York and to \"bring in the precog.\" After Hank and Lisa exit the Bennet home, Noah Bennet follows the two outside and thanks them for their service. At this point his wife, Sandra, lets slip to Claire that they'd had problems finding her parents in the past and that she was surprised that Noah Bennet managed to do it now. Bennet","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074206","text":"by Sprague and Parkman, who are in search of answers. Noah Bennet has revelations about his company during this situation, showing that he initially came to work for \"The Company\" under the supervision of a man named Thompson, and partnered with Claude. He is eventually ordered to kill Claude, because Claude apparently was hiding \"one of them\" from The Company. During the confrontation with Sprague, Thompson comes through the back door and shoots Ted, who goes into an uncontrolled radioactive state. Noah Bennet and Matt escape the house, while Claire tranquilizes Sprague. After this, Matt and Ted are taken to","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074240","text":"men have cut them off. Noah apologizes and then tasers Mohinder. When Peter Petrelli arrives at his apartment, Nathan is waiting for him. After he and Peter talk, Nathan smiles and asks for a hug, and Noah tasers Peter from behind. At the end of the episode, Noah is revealed to be the co-pilot of the cargo plane. In \"Trust and Blood\", Noah survives the crash of the plane like almost everyone else. He is retrieved by Danko and his soldiers. Bennet chases after the captured heroes and finds Claire and Peter running together. Bennet quickly grabs Claire but wants","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074189","text":"his operatives. At about the same time, he is contacted by Chandra Suresh, who has found Claire's picture on her high school's web site after identifying her as having potential powers. After Chandra leaves, Bennet orders Eden McCain to become a neighbor of Chandra Suresh and remove Claire's name from Chandra's list of superpowered humans. Noah Bennet first appears in \"Genesis\", the first episode. He is found in the apartment of Chandra Suresh in Madras, India. Chandra's son Mohinder enters the apartment, but leaves quickly after realizing Bennet is there as well. Bennet seems to notice Mohinder, and later follows","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074187","text":"to calm him so there are fewer incidents, suggesting to Noah to look at the waitress working at the restaurant, who turns out to be Sandra. Soon after, the two meet and then get married; they spend their honeymoon in West Berlin, Germany where Noah acts as informant for Thompson's assignment (\"From the Files of Primatech, Part 5: 1988\"). In \"Company Man\", a flashback episode, it is revealed that Noah Bennet's former partner years ago was Claude, with whom he rescued Claire from the fire her biological mother caused by pyrokinesis. However, because Claude was hiding \"one of them\", Bennet","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074218","text":"to shoot. Parkman wakes up, ending the standoff. Bennet asks Molly to locate Sylar, which she does - he's nearby. He later finds Peter after he passed out from nearly exploding, thanks him for saving Claire and agrees to kill him if it comes to that. He also reveals his first name, telling Peter to \"Call me Noah.\" In the climax of \"How to Stop an Exploding Man,\" Peter, Noah, and Matt confront Sylar in the plaza. Bennet is immediately thrown against a wall, rendering him incapable of stopping Peter if he explodes. Four months after the incidents in New","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074275","text":"and tells them that he's proud of them before dying. Noah Bennet is initially introduced as \"the man in the horn-rimmed glasses,\" based on his distinctive eyewear. The glasses Coleman wears in most scenes are actually browline, not horn-rimmed, but none of the characters seem aware of the distinction. In the third episode, \"One Giant Leap\", his name was confirmed as \"Mr. Bennet\" and he has been occasionally referred to as such since. Still, \"Horn-Rimmed Glasses\" (or a variant of it) is the more often used name by the characters, albeit indirectly. For example, characters who don't know him personally","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074267","text":"front of all the news cameras. Bennet is a central character in the 2015-16 miniseries \"Heroes Reborn\", first seen in the web series Dark Matters, living as a car salesman four years after Claire's public reveal. He is tracked down by Quentin Frady, who has been researching Primatech and Renautas following the Odessa disaster and his sister's abduction. It is revealed that Bennet was present in Odessa on June 13 when the Evo Summit was bombed. Noah was there to meet Claire, whom he believes to have died in the attack. Since then, he has been living under the identity","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074188","text":"was forced to kill him. However, Claude later turned out to be alive—he had used his powers to become invisible when Bennet shot him, disappearing from view. In \"Company Man\", an episode that takes place over 16 years before \"Genesis\", Kaito Nakamura arranges for Noah to adopt Claire as an assignment and Bennet later allows them to plant the catalyst of the genetic modification formula— a formula that can grant superpowers to any and all who are injected with it— into Claire's body. In Six Months Ago, he turns the wanted criminal and mind controller Eden McCain into one of","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074249","text":"thereby allowing Sylar to assume Nathan's life posthumously. After disbanding Building 26's personnel, the money is reallocated on \"Nathan\" and Noah's advice by the President into a new supervisory branch. When asked what to call this branch, Noah suggests, \"The Company.\" In the wake of the events from \"An Invisible Thread\", \"Orientation and Jump, Push, Fall\" shows that Noah Bennet has begun to revive the Company under the auspices of the United States government, but with a slow start. Tracy Strauss is still unaccounted for and appears to be murdering anyone who had a hand in her incarceration. Despite her","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074252","text":"compass in the safe deposit box, though Peter gains the upper hand and forces a retreat. Afterwards, Bennet holds onto the compass halfheartedly, feeling that it is a dead end. After being attacked later for the compass and barely surviving it, Noah calls Tracy both to talk about her new adjustments and for her company. The two share a meal together that Peter left behind to console Noah. In \"Acceptance\", after a visiting Claire imparts some sage advice, Noah begins to realize that he wants to return to doing what he's good at, namely investigating superhumans. Then, Tracy seeks Noah","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074242","text":"mom is revealed to think Claire just spent 2 days looking to college brochures. Bennet in the meantime stays behind looking for the fugitives. When having another shot to take down both Tracy Strauss and Peter, Bennet again chooses not to shoot down Peter and allowing him to escape. After arresting Tracy, Nathan even thanks Bennet for it. In \"Building 26\" Claire reveals to her mother Sandra that Noah has been hunting down individuals with powers, and Sandra forces him to move out. He tells Claire that he will be around, and expresses a desire to be more honest with","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074208","text":"the same bridge on which he shot Claude so many years ago. The Haitian shows up, and Bennet instructs the Haitian to shoot him in the stomach, then \"Go deep\" and wipe anything out of his memory that could lead \"them\" to Claire. The Haitian follows the order, then takes Claire away to protect her, as instructed. In \"Parasite\", Bennet is questioned by Thompson; he claims that the last thing he remembers is driving home Sandra from the hospital. Later, before Noah Bennet is about to leave on business, Sandra tells him that she is only pretending to have had","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074184","text":"Furthermore, he has worked for and against The Company and for and against Mr. Linderman. These factors cloud his true allegiances. His one allegiance that is clear, however, is that to his daughter, Claire; his son, Lyle; and his wife, Sandra. Bennet loves his daughter profusely, but is also overprotective of her. This sometimes leads him to use his authority and associates in unsavory ways. Past, present and future events all indicate that Bennet has lied about Claire's biological origins multiple times. According to his driving license, his previous address is 9 Juniper Lane, Odessa, Texas. Noah Bennet speaks Japanese","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074268","text":"of Ted Barnes and has attempted to move on with his life. Once confronted by Quentin, he begins to question what really happened at the summit and resumes his old identity to investigate. He follows a clue to an ophthalmology clinic in Dallas run by the Haitian. The Haitian returns to Noah his trademark glasses just before attempting to kill him. The two struggle before Bennet shoots him, killing him. Bennet then decides to team up with Quentin to discover the truth behind the summit. The two travel to Primatech to recover Noah's old files in hopes of reuniting with","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074236","text":"focusing on Sylar rather than rushing to the hospital. When Claire reveals that she had died in the hospital, Noah realizes something awful: if Claire's powers are back, then so are Sylar's. Indeed, Sylar and Elle, newly empowered, have made it to the Bennet household and are holding Sandra and Lyle hostage. Sylar telekinetically disarms Noah, pins him to the wall, and begins to strangle him with his powers. Claire desperately swears to go with Sylar in exchange for leaving her family alone, but Sylar is unsatisfied with that and begins to cut into Noah's neck, clearly intent on decapitating","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074220","text":"death of Kaito Nakamura, and intends to locate the other seven. At the end of the episode, Noah is reunited with the Haitian; the accompanying graphic novel shows that Mohinder directed the Haitian to Bennet. In \"Kindred\", Mohinder finds the last of the eight paintings, this one depicting Noah's death. He is lying on the ground with a bullet hole through the left lens of his glasses. A girl resembling Claire is in the background, apparently being held by someone. In \"Fight or Flight\", Noah and the Haitian travel to Odessa, Ukraine, to find the remaining paintings. While there, he","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074192","text":"and then tells the Haitian to \"go deep\" with Matt, who is last heard screaming. That morning, back at the Bennet house, Bennet finds that a distraught Claire has just come home. Bennet assumes from Claire's bare, mud-covered feet that she was out all night. Bennet has to get to work, but states that they'll talk later. He is then seen monitoring Nathan Petrelli, who has just had a one-night stand with Niki/Jessica Sanders. Bennet tells the Haitian to kidnap \"just the one\" (Nathan). In the next episode, \"Hiros\", Bennet and the Haitian attempt to force Nathan into a car,","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074191","text":"adoption agency and look for her biological parents. After a happy Claire leaves the room, Bennet is seen watching a video tape of Claire demonstrating her healing abilities. In \"Collision\", Bennet is first seen standing over Matt Parkman, who is strapped to a gurney. Bennet calmly converses with Matt, advising him to relax. Bennet also checks the readout of a machine used to gauge when Parkman is trying to read Bennet's mind. Bennet explains that the Haitian is blocking Matt's powers. Nevertheless, Matt is able to pull the name \"Claire\" from Bennet's mind. Bennet is impressed by Matt's growing ability,","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074212","text":"them work together to escape. Over breakfast at the Burnt Toast Diner, Bennet reveals that the only way to stop Thompson is to get to New York City to destroy the tracking device that tracks heroes tagged with the neck tattoo, and he produces bus tickets to take them there. When Matt asks if Mr. Linderman is in New York, Bennet seems surprised by Matt's knowledge of the name. Matt guesses correctly that Bennet was \"middle management\" and is somewhat incredulous that Bennet seems not to know who was signing his paychecks all those years. Bennet tells Matt to forget","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074210","text":"then transforms back into Candice, and other members of the Company, including Thompson, enter the room behind her. In \".07%\", Bennet is now in the custody of Primatech, in a solitary cell. His will to protect Claire is challenged by Candice, who shapeshifts into Claire's form; Bennet recognizes the ruse right away and tells her and Thompson that he does not know where Claire is and will never give her up to them. Thompson threatens to kill Bennet, but Bennet notes that if they really wanted him dead, they'd have killed him by now. Thompson tells Bennet that he is","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074205","text":"and the Haitian manage to track down Peter and Claude. They fire Tasers at Claude, but Peter unexpectedly utilizes his powers to stop the electrodes and fly away from them. Bennet is then called by Claire, who tells him that Sandra has collapsed for unknown reasons. Bennet heads back home, and is confronted by Claire in the hospital, where she reveals that she remembers everything that the Haitian was supposed to erase. Afterwards, the Bennet family returns home, where they are confronted by Ted Sprague and Matt Parkman. The episode \"Company Man\" begins with the hostage-taking of the Bennet family","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074204","text":"Bennet then turns around to find Sylar calmly standing in front of him. Sylar asks about Claire, then states his intentions to kill her. After telekinetically throwing Bennet against a wall and playing with the lights, Sylar leaves Bennet trapped in the cell. Later, at the Bennet home, he and the Haitian narrowly save Sandra from Sylar. Although Sylar escapes, Bennet is confident he will catch the killer. After the Haitian wipes Sandra's memories yet again, Bennet is called by Isaac Mendez. Mendez is revealed to be working with Bennet, as he relays information about Peter Petrelli. In \"Unexpected\", Bennet","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074251","text":"As she leaves, she hears Danko being attacked by an unknown assailant, Edgar, from the carnival, only to be attacked herself. Afterwards, she calls Bennet who discovers a key the assailant was after on Danko's body. Throughout these events, Bennet also tries to help Claire adjust to her new life in college while managing his own divorce from Sandra. Bennet calls Peter Petrelli to help him check out the safe deposit box that it opens, which Peter agrees to for the opportunity to gain the attacker's power of super speed. They are attacked only once they find a single, antique","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074217","text":"system, where both are surprised to find it's a young girl — though only Matt is completely surprised: Bennet claims he knew it was a person, just not a little girl — whom Matt had previously rescued from Sylar, and who thought of Matt as \"my hero.\" Matt protests killing her, but Bennet says it must be done in order to save the others. The two continue to argue until Matt is suddenly knocked out by Mohinder from behind. The episode ends with Mohinder pointing a gun on Bennet while the latter points his gun on Molly, both men threatening","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074211","text":"merely waiting on orders to do so. Realizing that the only hope of stopping Thompson and his superiors will be to escape from Primatech, Bennet telepathically gives instructions to Matt Parkman, who is also being held prisoner, on how to break out of his cell. Matt is then told to fetch Sprague from his cell so that Sprague can generate an EMP to shut down the power at Primatech, which will then allow them to break Bennet out of his cell. Matt is reluctant to go along with the plan, and Sprague doesn't trust Bennet, but eventually the three of","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074203","text":"home, Bennet finds Claire and Zach are \"working on a school project\" together, according to Claire. Claire also acts as if she'd rather not spend time with Zach. Bennet, however, tells her that she had been friends and encourages her to see if they might not find something in common. After Zach and she go upstairs, Bennet gets a call from Hank. Hank states that Sylar has died, which Bennet replies is \"less than ideal.\" Bennet then tells Hank to prepare Sylar \"for shipping.\" Back at Sylar's cell, Bennet finds the body of a dead Hank where Sylar should be.","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074201","text":"Claire's memories or whether he has already done so. In \"Godsend\", Bennet believes Claire's memory has been erased. Claire acts as if it has, as well. However, Bennet and Claire are slowly drifting apart. At Primatech Paper, the FBI investigates the building as well as Bennet and his associates. Though they find nothing, Officer Parkman knows Bennet's up to something and has realized that Bennet kidnapped him. Bennet is unfazed, however, and simply tells Matt \"good luck\" in regards to his vendetta. Next, Bennet shows up at the apartment of Mohinder Suresh in New York. Mohinder is defensive, recalling Bennet's","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074223","text":"entire collection and Noah returns home. West has dropped by without notice that same morning and made breakfast for Claire. As Noah walks into the house, West sees Noah and remembers who he is. West runs outside and abruptly flies away without being seen by Noah. Having left behind a newspaper detailing the incident with the drunk cheerleader, it ends up in hand of Noah, who sees it as a threat to the family. He confronts Claire and tells her she is putting the life of their family in danger. Furthermore, he tells her and the family to pack their","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074216","text":"four go up in the elevator together, with Bennet telling them where to find Linderman. Bennet and Parkman then get off at the floor where the tracking system is, only to find Thompson waiting for them. Parkman saves Bennet from getting shot, only to have Bennet leave him defenseless against Thompson. Thompson then comes up behind Parkman, puts a gun to his head, and asks him, \"What am I thinking now, Parkman?\" Bennet comes from the side and says, \"Your last thought.\" killing Thompson with two point blank gunshots to the head. The two then proceed to find the tracking","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074202","text":"past actions. However, Bennet means him no harm, and even mentions Eden. Soon, he makes a proposition. Bennet tells Mohinder that together they could make a difference, and asks Mohinder to join him. Mohinder says he isn't interested, but Bennet leaves his card anyway. Bennet returns to Sylar's holding area in \"The Fix\". There, he finds Hank telling him that Sylar's vital signs are highly irregular and he may be dying. Bennet tells Hank to keep him alive, referencing orders from his superiors to that effect. Furthermore, he states that Sylar will \"die on [Bennet's] terms,\" not his own. At","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074199","text":"silent about her powers because she is in danger from others like him. Bennet later meets with Sylar, confined in a prison cell, and tells him that the cell is keeping his powers suppressed. Sylar taunts Bennet telling him that Bennet is just like him. In their next confrontation Bennet turns the taunt back at Sylar telling him how they plan to study him to determine what makes him \"tick.\" Sylar boasts that he would escape and kill Claire, taking her healing abilities. Eden suggests using her powers to persuade Sylar to kill himself, but Bennet declines (though briefly tempted),","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074190","text":"him to New York. There, Bennet is one of Mohinder's afternoon passengers during his job as a taxicab driver. Bennet begins pleasantly referencing his travels, and stating that he'll be happy to see his family again. The conversation turns as he mentions personal facts about Mohinder, ultimately resulting in Mohinder fleeing his own cab. Finally, Bennet comes home to Odessa and greets his family. The next morning in \"Don't Look Back\", Claire states her desire to meet her biological parents. Bennet is reluctant, but doesn't outright say \"no.\" After Claire gets home from school, Bennet says he'll start contacting the","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074239","text":"Noah escape, which he does. After Claire \"kills\" Sylar, she escapes with Noah and Angela just as Meredith finally loses control of her ability and unleashes a massive explosion. Afterwards, Noah comforts a tearful Claire as they watch Primatech burn to the ground. In \"A Clear and Present Danger\", Noah is seen to be working with Nathan Petrelli. When Mohinder Suresh is running away from Homeland Security, Noah arrives in a SUV and rescues him. As they escape, Noah asks him who he's been in contact with. They get to the exit only to discover that the hunter and his","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074183","text":"who has the power to turn invisible; and a romantic couple composed of Hank, a doctor with unknown abilities and his significant other, Lisa, who also has unknown abilities. Rains is the first person to question Bennet's actions and those of The Company. Bennet is charged with executing Rains for his insubordination on moral grounds, but Rains escapes by literally disappearing into thin air. Bennet's true agenda and overall affiliation are mysterious. In response to Matt Parkman's inquiries as to whether he works for the FBI or the CIA, Bennet said he doesn't work for \"any organization that has initials.\"","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074269","text":"Molly Walker. After rescuing Hiro Nakamura in \"Game Over\", Noah has Hiro take him back to the Evo Summit to save Claire and stop the bombing. After watching his past self be taken away by Erica Kravid, Noah is found by Angela Petrelli who informs him that Claire has been rushed to the hospital and is in surgery. While Hiro attempts to stop the bomb, Noah rushes to the hospital with Angela only to learn that Claire has died giving birth to twins. Noah says a tearful goodbye to Claire who doesn't revive for some reason. Hiro appears to him","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074245","text":"flight, he demands to know if Noah knew about it. In \"Turn and Face the Strange\", Noah is accosted by Sandra in his hotel room, where she forces divorce papers on him and tells him she doesn't love him anymore. Noah discovers that she isn't really \"Sandra,\" but Sylar pretending to be her, as \"Sandra's\" signature on the papers is different from all of her other signatures. Discovering this, Noah confronts who he believes to be Sylar masquerading as Sandra in his hotel room, only to discover that it's the real Sandra, who is now scared to death of him","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074194","text":"is going through 'a confusing time', telling that he knows of her powers. He tells the boy that he is being given a chance to start over in life and Bennet then tells the Haitian to \"hollow him out\" and \"take everything\" (erase all of Brody's memories, including that of his own name). Finally, in \"Better Halves\", Bennet has set up a meeting between Claire and his two associates, Hank and Lisa. Bennet presents the two as Claire's biological parents. While carefully watching the two with his wife Sandra, Bennet receives a call from Eden McCain, his spy in New","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074214","text":"need radio isotopes or tracers to find you; it just knows where you are. Unbeknownst to Bennet, the Walker tracker system is later revealed to be Molly Walker, who has the ability to mentally find anyone in the world, just by thinking about them. The three arrive at Kirby Plaza, where Micah Sanders and Molly Walker are located. Claire sees the trio coming, and father and daughter reunite. Peter then notices his hands beginning to glow. Bennet realizes that Peter is absorbing Ted's power, and Peter and Claire look at each other worriedly. After Peter controls himself, the group splits","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074209","text":"her mind wiped, as he told her to do; and that he had told her everything about what he really did, who he works for, and what happened to Claire. She gives him a note that he left for himself, warning him not to look for Claire because she is with friends. Then, Bennet and Candice travel to New York to \"clean up\" Isaac's mess. Upon his return home, Bennet tells Sandra that they both have to pretend that they have no idea what has happened, and that Primatech has to be stopped for good to ensure Claire's safety. \"Sandra\"","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074266","text":"try to get everyone to safety. Thanks to Peter battling Samuel, Noah and Claire have enough time to locate Hiro and Ando and have them teleport all of the carnies away. Noah stays behind to finish the job and arrives after Peter defeats the powerless Samuel who collapses in despair at everyone's abandonment of him. Noah has him arrested and covers up the incident with the help of Lauren until Claire climbs the Ferris Wheel to expose her powers to the world which he tells Lauren is breaking his heart. Noah watches as Claire jumps off the Ferris Wheel in","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074255","text":"Tracy. They come across his dead body that night and lament their failure. Tracy tells Noah to never call her again, and both agree to go their separate ways. In \"Once Upon a Time in Texas\", 3 years ago, during the time he worked for Primatech Paper as the events of Volume One \"Genesis\" unfold (\"Seven Minutes to Midnight\"), Noah is shown to share a special bond with fellow company agent Lauren Gilmore, who was his confidante when Noah cannot tell his family about what his job really entails, especially Isaac's paintings involving Claire. Noah and Lauren share a kiss","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074263","text":"had a pregnant wife until she was killed by a man with telekinetic powers during a robbery which sent Noah after him looking for revenge. He also becomes a lot less honest. When he finds a man with powers, Noah demands the location of the killer's location which the man doesn't know and attacks him. Noah is forced to kill the man, the first time he ever killed anyone and this brings him to the attention of the Company who recruits him. In order to curb his more violent tendencies towards specials, they have him marry Sandra who is a","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074241","text":"to shoot Peter, but Claire manages to convince Bennet to let Peter run. Bennet takes Claire back to Nathan. However, after a brief interrogation, Claire gets rescued by Daphne and she gets reunited with Hiro, Ando, Mohinder and Matt. Though Danko's soldiers quickly find Claire and her friends and shoot Daphne. Matt then uses his powers to take over the soldiers and have them kill themselves. Danko wants to shoot Matt, but Claire takes the bullets for him and gets arrested instead while the others flee. Nathan and Bennet finally convince Claire to return home to Costa Verde, where her","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074196","text":"asks Isaac, whom Eden \"persuaded\" to come with her, to help him to prevent Claire from being murdered by Sylar at her homecoming game the next night. Bennet has collected three previous paintings Isaac created depicting a terrified Claire close-up, running up the bleachers in a football stadium, and lying dead on the ground with the top of her skull removed. When Isaac is unable to paint without the use of heroin and resists taking the drug, Bennet orders Eden to use her powers to make Isaac believe he wants to use the drug. Bennet becomes frustrated after Isaac is","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074193","text":"but he escapes by flying away. Bennet is then seen at Texas hospital visiting Claire. Claire explains that Brody is a rapist and attempted to force himself on her. After speaking to one of his victims, Claire was motivated to do something. She only wanted to \"scare\" Brody, but as he sat in the passenger seat and said he wouldn't stop raping girls, she ultimately crashed his car intentionally. Claire begs her father not to tell anyone, and Bennet merely says he'll take care of it. Bennet then appears in Brody's room, followed by the Haitian. He says that she","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074262","text":"becomes upset with him and realizes that Sylar killed Nathan and Noah transformed Sylar into Nathan. Noah admits that he did the wrong thing and that he thought he did it to keep Sylar detained and Nathan alive at the same time but Claire is angry and tells him she needs some to time to grieve, without being reminded of the truth. In \"The Wall,\" in order to turn Claire against her father, Samuel has Damien use his powers to project Noah's memories in the House of Mirrors. It's shown that Noah started out as a too-honest used-car salesman who","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074244","text":"it is implied that he is working with her against Danko. Their precise goals are unclear. In \"Shades of Gray\", Nathan fires Danko as his second-in-command and appoints Noah to the position. Noah takes a call from Claire, who is asking how he managed to live a two-faced life for all this time, but Noah simply tells her he is the worst person to ask, and because she doesn't know which path to take, he doesn't know either. He later warns Angela that Danko is coming for her, but Angela says she is prepared. When Danko witnesses Nathan's ability of","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"8831350","text":"underage drinking to her, but slips up and calls her \"Miss Bennet,\" tipping her off to who he really is. Claire dashes home and discovers the painting that sent Noah into a paranoid frenzy (Noah's death) before she is abducted. After they take her blood, Bob, Mohinder, and Claire meet Noah, West, and Elle for a hostage exchange: Claire for Elle. As Claire and West fly away, Elle zaps them down. Noah shoots Elle, but is shot by Mohinder, devastating Claire, who breaks the news to Sandra and Lyle. In \"Truth & Consequences\" a heartbroken and devastated Claire, who does","title":"Claire Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074265","text":"While Claire tries to convince the carnies of the truth, Noah tries to find Samuel, but is caught by Edgar. Once he clarifies that he is there to stop Samuel and not to hurt anyone else, Edgar, who also wants to stop Samuel, teams up with him to do so. The two arrive in time to back up Claire's allegations that Samuel killed Joseph and was responsible for the death of Lydia and what he plans to do. When a brainwashed Eli backs them up, the carnies believe them and abandon Samuel who starts his earthquake while Noah and Claire","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074227","text":"from his cell so that he can help in the apprehension of Sylar during the attack on the Level 5 facility. After Elle inadvertently knocks out Sylar and causes a breakdown of the complex security system, Noah---fearing the worst after seeing Sylar demonstrate Claire's ability---places Sylar in a cell and makes his own escape. Later, when Noah visits the house and sees Claire alive but traumatized, he explains that he cannot stay as he has to recapture the superhumans who escaped during Sylar's attack, stating \"\"They're villains, Claire, and I'm one of the only people on the planet who knows","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074274","text":"their conduit, they can stop it, but it will be fatal to him. Noah tells Tommy to take him to the present where he takes Malina's hand. Though Tommy protests, Noah tells him that this is his destiny and Tommy takes his hand. With the power boost from Tommy, Malina fires a blast of energy into the sky through Noah, causing him great pain but successfully shielding the planet from the H.E.L.E. and saving the world. After the future is changed, Tommy and Malina find Noah sitting on the ground, near death. Noah looks at his grandchildren one last time","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074273","text":"him and Malina to stop the H.E.L.E., they need a third person to act as a conduit for their power, someone willing to sacrifice themselves to save the world. Tommy goes back in time two days and saves Noah's life, transporting him seven years into the past to when Angela tested the twins powers. Noah watches as Angela states that there was a third faceless person in her vision and seems to look right at Noah. Tommy explains to Noah that after failing to stop the H.E.L.E. \"a thousand times\", he realized Noah was the key: if Noah acts as","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074272","text":"son Nathan after Nathan Petrelli while Noah names Claire's daughter Malina after his own mother. After Angela, Hiro and the children are gone, Noah realizes that Erica is in the hospital and goes after her to kill her. His past self, having escaped with the help of Caspar Abraham, spots Noah and chases him down. In \"11:53 to Odessa\", Noah tries to get Malina to Odessa to stop the H.E.L.E. but during a massive storm, a car is flung right at him. Noah suddenly disappears leaving behind only his broken glasses. In \"Project Reborn\", Tommy learns that in order for","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074260","text":"immediately opposed to. After Claire cuts herself and Doug faints, she and Noah discuss the clippings on Noah's wall; Noah insists Samuel and the carnival are dangerous and shows her the compass. Gretchen then appears, and tells Claire she was invited by Noah as Claire was feeling bad those days. Once everyone is leaving, Noah assures Claire she has many options, unknowing she later takes this advice to visit the carnival. Before leaving, Lauren asks Noah to go out and watch a movie some day. In \"The Fifth Stage\", Lauren appears at Noah's apartment ready to go out in their","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"8831355","text":"away, leaving her by herself on the hill. At home, Noah Bennet, greatly relieved to see her still alive, shows Claire some files on several of the Company's escaped villains, stating his knowledge of their abilities and capabilities. When Claire inquires about the possibility of being attacked by any of these villains at home, Noah tells her he had thought about that idea and then reveals that he and Sandra Bennet had called in Meredith Gordon (last seen in Season 1's \"Run!\") to protect the family in Noah's absence. In \"One of Us, One of Them,\" Claire enlists Meredith to","title":"Claire Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074250","text":"attempt on his life, which Bennet survived with the help of Emile Danko, he refuses to start hunting down superhumans as a vigilante, preferring instead to try and start the new Company under better pretenses. While eating in the restaurant underneath his apartment, Tracy Strauss approaches him, apparently to taunt him of his impending death. However, Bennet offers her a unique opportunity to simply walk away; if she does, he pledges to get Danko off her trail—permanently. After recruiting The Haitian to erase Danko's memories, Tracy shows up to kill him, only to find that Danko no longer remembers her.","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074215","text":"in two, with Peter, Claire, and Sprague going to a remote town in Nebraska, and Parkman and Bennet continuing with their mission to destroy the tracking system. Bennet knows where they need to go, but he needs Parkman's powers to allow them access. Matt confronts a security guard and convinces him that they know each other and had spoken outside of work the previous night. Upon revealing an embarrassing secret of the guard's, the man lets them in without hesitation. While waiting for the elevator, they bump into Jessica and D.L., with Jessica surprised to see Matt still alive. The","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074213","text":"about Linderman and that it is more important that they get to New York and destroy the tracker. Sprague casts the deciding vote to go to New York City, and Matt reluctantly agrees to join them on their destination. After escaping from Primatech Paper with Sprague and Parkman, the three of them head for New York to destroy the tracking system and the company. In \"The Hard Part\", Bennet, Parkman and Sprague steal a car and head for New York. Bennet reveals that the Company has a new tracking system called the Walker system. He reveals that this system doesn't","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074200","text":"as he takes orders from someone higher up. Bennet later takes Claire to the police station, where she is interviewed about Jackie's murder. Officer Parkman is unable to read the thoughts of Claire or her father, since the Haitian is hiding behind a nearby corner. Afterwards, Bennet orders the Haitian to wipe the memories of his son and Claire's friend, Zach. When Claire finds out that the two of them have lost all memory of her powers she rings her father in a panic. It is left open whether it is only then that he orders the Haitian to wipe","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074198","text":"Bennet soon discovers that the victim was not Claire; rather, it was Jackie Wilcox, one of Claire's fellow cheerleaders. A relatively relieved Bennet soon reunites with his daughter and insists they go home while the police handle things. Claire says that she has something to tell her father regarding her uncanny survival. In the episode \"Fallout\", Claire's father reveals that he knew about her powers long before she was aware of them. He acknowledges doing things he was not proud of to keep her safe, and tells Claire that Sylar had been taken care of, but that she must keep","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074197","text":"unable to paint something that makes sense to him. When Eden protests his actions, Bennet shows her a series of photographs depicting Sylar's dead victims—all with their brains removed from their heads—and says he is determined to save his daughter from such a fate. He orders Eden to go to the homecoming game and look for Sylar and grounds Claire to prevent her from being killed. Bennet discovers later, however, that Claire snuck out and worriedly runs to the school to find her. When he arrives, he is too late to stop Sylar from attacking the cheerleader in the pictures.","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074231","text":"he did, and Claire tells him of Canfield's true colors. He assures her that he would not put someone in Level 5 who didn't belong there, and Claire tells him about Canfield's whereabouts. When they find Canfield, Noah attempts to force him to kill Sylar in exchange for his freedom, clearly convinced that Sylar cannot be redeemed, but Canfield instead opens up a vortex and sucks himself in, preferring death to becoming a monster. Noah and Sylar take Claire home, and the former assures her that he only does these things to protect her. When Claire, Meredith, and Sandra take","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074261","text":"date, but Noah noticed Claire took the compass and must be heading to the \"Sullivan Bros. Carnival\", so Lauren decides to help him using her CIA contacts. Later that night, Eli shows up at the place looking for the Primatech files, surrounding Lauren and Noah with clones; both attack the clones and hide in the bathroom to arm themselves. Once out again, they notice Eli and clones are gone, and they took the files with them. In \"Upon This Rock\", Noah is seen at Nathan's funeral. In \"Let It Bleed\", Noah offers to take Claire to Nathan's wake but she","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074258","text":"he found Samuel Sullivan with her. Getting protective, he handcuffs Samuel, but Becky comes in taking down Claire and Noah. Samuel takes Noah's taser and shocks Becky stating he knows she is messed up. Noah tries to attack him, pushing Claire away. After Samuel and Becky are gone, Noah apologizes to Claire, and then leaves. Once at his apartment, he looks at several files labeled to being Samuel's including the mysterious sinkhole that destroyed a manor (\"Ink\"). In \"Brother's Keeper\", Noah gets home to find Claire and Tracy sharing a quality moment, and notices a frozen foot at the coffee","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074257","text":"have been mind-wiped and argues with Noah about what he is able to do with people around her, fearing they will erased Gretchen's memory as well. Once Claire and the Haitian go to check on Gretchen, Noah is out to find Becky at her room, and despite her being invisible, he states he knows how to deal with her because he once had an invisible partner (\"Claude\"). Becky confesses why she attacked Claire; Noah killed her father while she was a kid during a bag & tag mission. Noah misses her when two girls enter the room. Back to Claire,","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074256","text":"at Lauren's motel room while wrapped in a romantic moment, however Noah stops the kiss, feeling that he is cheating on Sandra, and he and Lauren apologize for letting it get out of hand. Once back at the headquarters, Lauren gives him an envelope, in which he finds a note from her telling she got the Haitian mind-wiped any memory of her crush on Noah, so they could work together without any concern, and then writes a note to Noah to let him know this. In \"Shadowboxing\", Noah appears at Becky's sorority house with the Haitian. Claire notices her friends","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074254","text":"his own power is to understand people with abilities. Peter leaves once he mimicked Jeremy's healing touch, but Noah stays to assure Jeremy will get the help he needs, mainly because Noah feels he let Jeremy down in the past. In \"Strange Attractors\", despite Noah's effort to cover up Jeremy's parents death, the local sheriff holds him, so Noah enlists Tracy Strauss to help Jeremy start over. Once Jeremy is out, the townspeople believe Jeremy is guilty of charge, and frightened by them Jeremy accidentally kills a man, so he is taken by the police again, away from Noah and","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074253","text":"advice as well, and he gives her the same message Claire told him: return to the basics to understand where to go from there. In \"Tabula Rasa\", Peter comes to Noah looking for a healer to save Hiro's life; Noah drops the name of Jeremy Greer, a past target of a bag & tag mission, so both teleport to \"Cainan, GA\". After finding Jeremy's power change from heal to kill when he got angry at his parents, killing them, Noah helps him conquering his fear of killing anyone else, and then he is able to heal Peter; Noah states that","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074243","text":"the family. He is later shown at a bar, where he is drugged and kidnapped by Peter Petrelli, Matt Parkman, and Mohinder Suresh. In \"Cold Wars\" Noah is being interrogated by Matt Parkman, Mohinder Suresh, and Peter Petrelli. Matt Parkman manages to pluck out memories at the expense of Noah being in pain, learning about the operation hunting people with abilities, this is also where we lurn Noah is colorblind. Noah is rescued by Danko's men, and tells Danko that he will henceforth cooperate with Danko's more heavy-handed approach to their job. However, he later meets with Angela Petrelli, where","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074237","text":"him. Fortunately, Hiro Nakamura arrives, teleports Sylar and Elle away, and then time-travels with Claire back to the day when his father first assigned Noah to protect her. When Claire is returned to the present by Arthur Petrelli, she, Noah, Meredith, and Angela are trapped in Primatech when Sylar initiates the lockdown mode. Noah sends three escaped Level 5 inmates (Echo DeMille, Eric Doyle, and Danny Pine) after Sylar as bait, promising freedom to the first one to kill Sylar. However, Echo and Danny are killed by Sylar, and Doyle is incapacitated. Soon afterwards, Noah is led into a trap","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074229","text":"are FBI agents so they can get through. Noah manages to free the hostages, but is then taken hostage himself. Just as Knox and Jesse Murphy (now free of Peter's influence) are about to start beating him up, Sylar enters and stops them both with his telekinesis, also neutralizing Jesse's power. Noah reminds him of the \"plan\", and Sylar replies \"You just said that to make sure I didn't.\" Soon afterwards, Sylar loses control, locks Noah out of the bank, and kills Jesse for his power, allowing Knox to escape. Back at Level 5, Noah mentions to the Haitian that","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074226","text":"During the episode, with Noah still in the hands of The Company, Bob visits the Bennets' home with an urn telling them that it contains Noah's ashes. In \"Powerless\", Noah returns to his family, clearly shocking them all as he is allegedly dead. He tells them that he was brought back using Claire's blood, and that he made a deal with The Company which will allow his family to lead a normal life with one condition; he must stay with the Company. Noah then leaves his family. In \"The Butterfly Effect\", Noah is imprisoned by the Company. Elle releases him","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074222","text":"trying to use the Haitian to cover his tracks, will alert the Company, he instead opts to kill his mentor, making the affair appear to be a simple home invasion. In \"Out of Time\", Noah and Suresh attempt to make sense of the paintings Noah and the Haitian have just found. The one in question is a painting of Suresh holding a Company-issue gun that has just been fired. Noah takes pictures of the paintings in an effort to send them to Suresh, but Suresh refuses stating his life may be in danger. Afterwards, Noah and the Haitian burn the","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074186","text":"their home resulting in Kate's death. Before wanting to find the killer, Noah develops signs of psychotic depression and paranoia before he spends the next year mapping and tracking people with abilities. After encountering one of the people he is tracking, Noah demands that he tell him where he can find Richard, but is attacked and is forced to kill him in self-defence. Soon after, Noah is approached by Eric Thompson Sr. with an offer to join Primatech and assistance in finding Richard. After two years and several deaths on his cases Noah is encouraged by Thompson to get married","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"8831323","text":"Claire Bennet Claire Bennet is a fictional character in the NBC psychological thriller science fiction drama series \"Heroes\". She is portrayed by Hayden Panettiere and first appeared on television in the pilot episode of the series, \"Genesis\" on September 25, 2006. She is a high school cheerleader with the power of rapid cellular regeneration. Claire appears in more episodes than any other character (72, plus a 73rd through stock footage). In \"Heroes Reborn\", she dies while giving birth to Malina and Nathan. Claire Bennet was born to Nathan Petrelli and Meredith Gordon, two people possessing abilities. Noah Bennet and his","title":"Claire Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074182","text":"and will do anything to protect them, particularly his adopted daughter Claire, and puts their safety above all else. He is also known as \"Glasses Man\". Bennet has had a number of associates, most notably a mysterious man most commonly known as \"The Haitian,\" who has the power to prevent other heroes from exercising their powers in his presence, as well as to remove select memories from people's minds. Bennet's other known associates have been Eden McCain, a woman with the power of mind control who kills herself to keep Sylar from gaining her ability; Claude Rains, Bennet's first partner","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074271","text":"hold the key to saving the world. Noah realizes he had his memory wiped to protect Claire's children from Erica Kravid and decides that the safest place for them is in the past where they can grow up and prepare for their destiny. When they reach the correct time, Erica will be looking for toddlers, not teenagers. Hiro reluctantly agrees to take Angela back to 1999 to fulfill Noah's request while Noah intends to erase all security footage of the babies. Before Hiro and Angela leave, Noah and Angela name the babies as Claire never got to: Angela names Claire's","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074264","text":"waitress at a restaurant where he and Thompson eat together. Though Claire is horrified by the origin of her parents marriage, Noah assures her he really did love Sandra despite their arranged marriage and her opinion of Noah doesn't change for the worse, so Samuel locks them in a trailer together and buries them underground in order to force Claire to witness his death while she survives due to her powers. In \"Brave New World,\" after being rescued from near-death by Tracy Strauss, Noah, Claire and Lauren travel to the Carnival to stop Samuel's plan to kill thousands of people.","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074259","text":"table. Both girls state nothing happened. In \"Thanksgiving\", Noah invites Claire to his first Thanksgiving dinner so he won't be alone with Sandra and her new boyfriend. At the grocery store, he runs into Lauren Gilmore, whom he jokingly admits to be \"stalking\"; she then helps Noah shopping. Once Claire arrives at Noah's apartment, Claire notices Lauren, referring to her as Noah's date, which he refutes; once Sandra and Doug arrive, Sandra mistakes Lauren for a maid; after correction, Sandra believes Lauren to be Noah's date too. During dinner, Claire confesses her decision to drop out college, which Noah is","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074247","text":"relocation project. After finding and losing Alice again, he is seen together with Claire and the Petrelli family eating at a diner, when Angela decide they should form a new company; minutes later, they witness another Nathan at a live press conference, and Noah recognize him as Sylar. Followed in \"I Am Sylar\", as Nathan leaves the diner and Peter follows him, Noah, Claire and Angela decide to leave too, only to be intercepted in the road by Danko's agents. In \"An Invisible Thread\", Noah is captured by the agents operating Building 26 shortly before Danko is framed for murdering","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074233","text":"begins looking for the catalyst needed to perfect Mohinder's genetic modification formula, which is assumed to be Claire, Noah goes into hiding with her at the now-abandoned Canfield house and begins to teach her how to fight, but the father-daughter duo are soon attacked by Sylar and Elle. As their (and everyone else's) powers are negated due to a solar eclipse, Noah is more than a match for them, even dislocating Sylar's arm, but is ultimately forced to retreat when Claire takes a bullet from Elle that was meant for him. Angered and worried, Noah takes her home where he","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074232","text":"down the puppet man Eric Doyle, they call Noah to take him in. Noah is impressed that Claire was able to help take out a very dangerous man, but Claire brushes him off, still angry with him about the Canfield incident and his partnership with Sylar. Noah then asks Meredith to accompany him as a partner. Following a phone call from Nathan Petrelli in \"Eris Quod Sum\", he and Meredith travel to Mohinder Suresh's laboratory in the loft of Isaac Mendez, where he advises Nathan and Tracy Strauss to get checked out by the Company. In \"The Eclipse\", when Pinehearst","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074228","text":"how to stop them,\"\" and even showing her some info on the escapees. Before leaving, Noah tells her that he's enlisted Claire's biological mom, the pyrokinetic Meredith Gordon, to help protect the family. Going back to the Company to bring the escapees in, Noah, on orders from new CEO Angela Petrelli, is partnered with Sylar, much to his chagrin. When they arrive at the bank where a group of escapees are causing trouble, Noah orders Sylar to stay out of his way and let him handle the escapees, but Sylar uses his sharp tongue to convince the police that they","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074225","text":"He then prepares to execute Bob, citing that Claire will never be free so long as the Company survives. But Mohinder shoots Noah, mimicking Isaac's painting exactly, and Noah is struck in the left eye and dies. While his family believes him to be dead, the episode ends with Noah in a Company facility, strapped to a gurney and being given a transfusion of Claire's blood; his destroyed eye subsequently regenerates and he returns to life. In \"Truth & Consequences\", Mohinder tells him that he was revived with Claire's blood and that Claire is at home, thinking he is dead.","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074224","text":"things, and they are leaving immediately. Claire then calls her father out, stating that he was not being honest about his \"trip\" he took for \"management training\". Claire defiantly tells her father that she is not moving anywhere else and walks out of the room. In \"Cautionary Tales\", Bob, Elle, and Mohinder arrive in Costa Verde to take Claire. Though they are eventually successful, Noah manages to capture Elle. Noah brokers a trade with Bob, getting his daughter back in exchange for Bob's. When Elle breaks free and tries to kill West and Claire, Noah shoots her in the arm.","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"8831419","text":"a confidant in Claire because of their abilities and how hard it is to trust people in the outside world, causing Claire to feel a pang of guilt, presumably over Gretchen. Noah returns home and after noticing Claire's severed frozen foot on the coffee table asks the women how their day was. In \"Thanksgiving\", Noah Bennet hosts a Thanksgiving dinner at his apartment, which Claire attends, along with Sandra and her new boyfriend Doug, who bring with them Mr. Muggles and Doug's dog Ms. Lovegood; and Lauren Gilmore, Noah's ex-Company partner and ex-flame. Over Thanksgiving dinner, everyone goes around the","title":"Claire Bennet"},{"psg_id":"8831403","text":"they take their placement test for an advanced algebra class. Claire wakes from a nightmare in which one of Emile Danko's former agents tranquilizes her in the middle of the test and walks out, stating that \"This class isn't for me.\" As Annie catches a visiting Noah Bennet up on how his daughter is handling college, Claire and Noah have a heart-to-heart about who they want to be; she tells him that she doesn't want to be anybody but herself. Annie invites Claire to a mixer that night, where Claire meets up with Gretchen. Annie challenges Claire to a round","title":"Claire Bennet"},{"psg_id":"8831397","text":"a vehicle coming to a stop near their digging site. Noah Bennet gets out of the vehicle and joins his adoptive daughter and her biological family as Angela plans to reveal the truth. In \"1961,\" Angela is finally revealing to Claire, Noah, and her sons Nathan and Peter the secrets that have haunted her for over 4 decades. When a violent storm suddenly hits Coyote Sands, Angela goes out to face her demons. When Claire ventures outside seconds later, the storm has subsided, and Angela is nowhere in sight. After reconciling with each other, Noah and Claire, along with Nathan,","title":"Claire Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074238","text":"by Sylar, who locks him in a cell with Meredith, who has been injected with adrenaline, her ability becoming increasingly uncontrollable, and leaves him with a handgun with one bullet. Sylar tells him that he will have to choose between killing Meredith to save himself and explaining her death to Claire, or doing nothing and being burnt to death. However, Claire arrives at that moment, and Meredith, as per Noah's orders, superheats the bulletproof glass of the cell to weaken it, and then Noah shoots the glass to no avail. Claire then bodily throws herself through the window to help","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074270","text":"afterwards and informs him that he can't stop the bomb, there are too many variables and any attempt to stop it results in a worse future. As Hiro and Noah prepare to return to their own time, Phoebe Frady unleashes a massive wave of darkness that drains Hiro's powers shortly before Harris bombs the summit. Returning to Claire's children, Angela informs Noah that the Earth's magnetic poles will soon reverse and solar flares will wipe out all life on Earth. Erica Kravid only intends to save those she wants and Angela has foreseen that one or both of Claire's children","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074248","text":"several of his soldiers by Sylar. While captured, the two share a brief discussion about forming a partnership, which is ultimately short-lived. Once the two are freed from their cell by Hiro Nakamura, Danko waits for Noah to reveal what he knows about Sylar's plans and attempts to tranquilize him. Saved by Hiro, Noah intercepts Claire and Peter shortly after their encounter with Sylar and assists in convincing the Secret Service to help Peter save the President. Later, once Sylar is defeated, he works with Angela Petrelli and Matt Parkman to bring Nathan's personality to the forefront of Sylar's mind,","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074235","text":"for them, Noah receives a call from Sandra in which she informs him that Claire is hospitalized. Instead of immediately rushing to the hospital, Noah follows a trail of Elle's blood to a local grocery store. After luring him into a back room, Sylar jumps him from behind, but he is once again outmatched without his powers against Noah's fighting skills. Ultimately, after tossing the ultimate insult (\"\"Poor Gabriel. You always wanted to be special. Now look at you; you're nobody.\"\"), he slits Sylar's throat with a box cutter. When he returns home, Claire is understandably angered with him for","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074230","text":"he only plans to be partnered with Sylar long enough to ascertain a weakness, to which then he'll kill him. When he chastises Sylar for the death of Jesse, he merely states that \"rehabilitation doesn't happen overnight.\" Later on, he and Sylar arrive at the home of Stephen Canfield and discover Claire there, having already attempted to capture him, only to find out that he is not truly evil. After Canfield opens up a vortex, which Claire, Noah, and Sylar barely avoid getting sucked into, and escapes, Noah orders Sylar to shut up after he attempts to apologize for what","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074221","text":"receives a call from Mohinder explaining that Molly Walker has fallen into a catatonic state and he wishes to take her to the Company for observation. Noah is unable to talk him out of it, though he warns that they'll have Mohinder as soon as he relinquishes that which he cares about. In \"The Line\", Noah tracks down his old mentor, Ivan. He has the Haitian remove precious memories (marriage day, kids being born, etc.) from the old man one by one until Ivan succumbs and reveals where the paintings are. Knowing that his method of interrogation, as well as","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074219","text":"York, the Bennets have gone into hiding, having moved to Costa Verde, California, and assumed the last name of \"Butler.\" Noah takes a subordinate job at a copy store called Copy Kingdom, and makes it very clear that he won't stand for his younger superior's bullying management style. Despite going into hiding, he is still working to take down \"the Company\" with the help of Mohinder Suresh. In \"Lizards\", Noah tells his wife about a series of eight paintings done by the late Isaac Mendez, each depicting the death of a single person. He possesses the first, which predicts the","title":"Noah Bennet"},{"psg_id":"9074246","text":"and orders him out of the room. After being branded insane by Danko and his men, Noah is forced to run for his life and leave the operation. He is next seen driving up to Coyote Sands, meeting up with Claire and the Petrelli family. In \"1961\", he is seen digging graves in \"Coyote Sands\" alongside with Claire, Peter and Nathan by orders of Angela, due to her dreams about finding her sister. When the sandstorm hits the place, he is out looking for Claire and then is taken down by Mohinder, who later explains his father's involving in the","title":"Noah Bennet"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074207\",\n \"text\": \"the paper factory. Thompson asks Bennet when Claire should be showing up at the factory. It is at that moment that Bennet realizes he's too attached to Claire. The graphic novel \\\"Family Man\\\" reveals that, at this point, Noah Bennet decides that he must do what he can to save Claire and \\\"bring down the people [he] work[s] for.\\\" Having noticed that he is being followed by someone from The Company, Noah Bennet drives to a cybercafé and sends a message to Hana asking for help, which she agrees to do. The episode ends with Noah Bennet taking Claire to\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074195\",\n \"text\": \"York. Eden relays information about Mohinder, Isaac Mendez (\\\"the precog\\\") and the message \\\"save the cheerleader, save the world.\\\" Bennet is disturbed by the last part, but regains his composure. Bennet tells Eden to prevent Mohinder from leaving New York and to \\\"bring in the precog.\\\" After Hank and Lisa exit the Bennet home, Noah Bennet follows the two outside and thanks them for their service. At this point his wife, Sandra, lets slip to Claire that they'd had problems finding her parents in the past and that she was surprised that Noah Bennet managed to do it now. Bennet\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074206\",\n \"text\": \"by Sprague and Parkman, who are in search of answers. Noah Bennet has revelations about his company during this situation, showing that he initially came to work for \\\"The Company\\\" under the supervision of a man named Thompson, and partnered with Claude. He is eventually ordered to kill Claude, because Claude apparently was hiding \\\"one of them\\\" from The Company. During the confrontation with Sprague, Thompson comes through the back door and shoots Ted, who goes into an uncontrolled radioactive state. Noah Bennet and Matt escape the house, while Claire tranquilizes Sprague. After this, Matt and Ted are taken to\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074240\",\n \"text\": \"men have cut them off. Noah apologizes and then tasers Mohinder. When Peter Petrelli arrives at his apartment, Nathan is waiting for him. After he and Peter talk, Nathan smiles and asks for a hug, and Noah tasers Peter from behind. At the end of the episode, Noah is revealed to be the co-pilot of the cargo plane. In \\\"Trust and Blood\\\", Noah survives the crash of the plane like almost everyone else. He is retrieved by Danko and his soldiers. Bennet chases after the captured heroes and finds Claire and Peter running together. Bennet quickly grabs Claire but wants\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074189\",\n \"text\": \"his operatives. At about the same time, he is contacted by Chandra Suresh, who has found Claire's picture on her high school's web site after identifying her as having potential powers. After Chandra leaves, Bennet orders Eden McCain to become a neighbor of Chandra Suresh and remove Claire's name from Chandra's list of superpowered humans. Noah Bennet first appears in \\\"Genesis\\\", the first episode. He is found in the apartment of Chandra Suresh in Madras, India. Chandra's son Mohinder enters the apartment, but leaves quickly after realizing Bennet is there as well. Bennet seems to notice Mohinder, and later follows\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074187\",\n \"text\": \"to calm him so there are fewer incidents, suggesting to Noah to look at the waitress working at the restaurant, who turns out to be Sandra. Soon after, the two meet and then get married; they spend their honeymoon in West Berlin, Germany where Noah acts as informant for Thompson's assignment (\\\"From the Files of Primatech, Part 5: 1988\\\"). In \\\"Company Man\\\", a flashback episode, it is revealed that Noah Bennet's former partner years ago was Claude, with whom he rescued Claire from the fire her biological mother caused by pyrokinesis. However, because Claude was hiding \\\"one of them\\\", Bennet\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074218\",\n \"text\": \"to shoot. Parkman wakes up, ending the standoff. Bennet asks Molly to locate Sylar, which she does - he's nearby. He later finds Peter after he passed out from nearly exploding, thanks him for saving Claire and agrees to kill him if it comes to that. He also reveals his first name, telling Peter to \\\"Call me Noah.\\\" In the climax of \\\"How to Stop an Exploding Man,\\\" Peter, Noah, and Matt confront Sylar in the plaza. Bennet is immediately thrown against a wall, rendering him incapable of stopping Peter if he explodes. Four months after the incidents in New\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074275\",\n \"text\": \"and tells them that he's proud of them before dying. Noah Bennet is initially introduced as \\\"the man in the horn-rimmed glasses,\\\" based on his distinctive eyewear. The glasses Coleman wears in most scenes are actually browline, not horn-rimmed, but none of the characters seem aware of the distinction. In the third episode, \\\"One Giant Leap\\\", his name was confirmed as \\\"Mr. Bennet\\\" and he has been occasionally referred to as such since. Still, \\\"Horn-Rimmed Glasses\\\" (or a variant of it) is the more often used name by the characters, albeit indirectly. For example, characters who don't know him personally\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074267\",\n \"text\": \"front of all the news cameras. Bennet is a central character in the 2015-16 miniseries \\\"Heroes Reborn\\\", first seen in the web series Dark Matters, living as a car salesman four years after Claire's public reveal. He is tracked down by Quentin Frady, who has been researching Primatech and Renautas following the Odessa disaster and his sister's abduction. It is revealed that Bennet was present in Odessa on June 13 when the Evo Summit was bombed. Noah was there to meet Claire, whom he believes to have died in the attack. Since then, he has been living under the identity\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074188\",\n \"text\": \"was forced to kill him. However, Claude later turned out to be alive—he had used his powers to become invisible when Bennet shot him, disappearing from view. In \\\"Company Man\\\", an episode that takes place over 16 years before \\\"Genesis\\\", Kaito Nakamura arranges for Noah to adopt Claire as an assignment and Bennet later allows them to plant the catalyst of the genetic modification formula— a formula that can grant superpowers to any and all who are injected with it— into Claire's body. In Six Months Ago, he turns the wanted criminal and mind controller Eden McCain into one of\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074249\",\n \"text\": \"thereby allowing Sylar to assume Nathan's life posthumously. After disbanding Building 26's personnel, the money is reallocated on \\\"Nathan\\\" and Noah's advice by the President into a new supervisory branch. When asked what to call this branch, Noah suggests, \\\"The Company.\\\" In the wake of the events from \\\"An Invisible Thread\\\", \\\"Orientation and Jump, Push, Fall\\\" shows that Noah Bennet has begun to revive the Company under the auspices of the United States government, but with a slow start. Tracy Strauss is still unaccounted for and appears to be murdering anyone who had a hand in her incarceration. Despite her\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074252\",\n \"text\": \"compass in the safe deposit box, though Peter gains the upper hand and forces a retreat. Afterwards, Bennet holds onto the compass halfheartedly, feeling that it is a dead end. After being attacked later for the compass and barely surviving it, Noah calls Tracy both to talk about her new adjustments and for her company. The two share a meal together that Peter left behind to console Noah. In \\\"Acceptance\\\", after a visiting Claire imparts some sage advice, Noah begins to realize that he wants to return to doing what he's good at, namely investigating superhumans. Then, Tracy seeks Noah\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074242\",\n \"text\": \"mom is revealed to think Claire just spent 2 days looking to college brochures. Bennet in the meantime stays behind looking for the fugitives. When having another shot to take down both Tracy Strauss and Peter, Bennet again chooses not to shoot down Peter and allowing him to escape. After arresting Tracy, Nathan even thanks Bennet for it. In \\\"Building 26\\\" Claire reveals to her mother Sandra that Noah has been hunting down individuals with powers, and Sandra forces him to move out. He tells Claire that he will be around, and expresses a desire to be more honest with\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074208\",\n \"text\": \"the same bridge on which he shot Claude so many years ago. The Haitian shows up, and Bennet instructs the Haitian to shoot him in the stomach, then \\\"Go deep\\\" and wipe anything out of his memory that could lead \\\"them\\\" to Claire. The Haitian follows the order, then takes Claire away to protect her, as instructed. In \\\"Parasite\\\", Bennet is questioned by Thompson; he claims that the last thing he remembers is driving home Sandra from the hospital. Later, before Noah Bennet is about to leave on business, Sandra tells him that she is only pretending to have had\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074184\",\n \"text\": \"Furthermore, he has worked for and against The Company and for and against Mr. Linderman. These factors cloud his true allegiances. His one allegiance that is clear, however, is that to his daughter, Claire; his son, Lyle; and his wife, Sandra. Bennet loves his daughter profusely, but is also overprotective of her. This sometimes leads him to use his authority and associates in unsavory ways. Past, present and future events all indicate that Bennet has lied about Claire's biological origins multiple times. According to his driving license, his previous address is 9 Juniper Lane, Odessa, Texas. Noah Bennet speaks Japanese\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074268\",\n \"text\": \"of Ted Barnes and has attempted to move on with his life. Once confronted by Quentin, he begins to question what really happened at the summit and resumes his old identity to investigate. He follows a clue to an ophthalmology clinic in Dallas run by the Haitian. The Haitian returns to Noah his trademark glasses just before attempting to kill him. The two struggle before Bennet shoots him, killing him. Bennet then decides to team up with Quentin to discover the truth behind the summit. The two travel to Primatech to recover Noah's old files in hopes of reuniting with\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074236\",\n \"text\": \"focusing on Sylar rather than rushing to the hospital. When Claire reveals that she had died in the hospital, Noah realizes something awful: if Claire's powers are back, then so are Sylar's. Indeed, Sylar and Elle, newly empowered, have made it to the Bennet household and are holding Sandra and Lyle hostage. Sylar telekinetically disarms Noah, pins him to the wall, and begins to strangle him with his powers. Claire desperately swears to go with Sylar in exchange for leaving her family alone, but Sylar is unsatisfied with that and begins to cut into Noah's neck, clearly intent on decapitating\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074220\",\n \"text\": \"death of Kaito Nakamura, and intends to locate the other seven. At the end of the episode, Noah is reunited with the Haitian; the accompanying graphic novel shows that Mohinder directed the Haitian to Bennet. In \\\"Kindred\\\", Mohinder finds the last of the eight paintings, this one depicting Noah's death. He is lying on the ground with a bullet hole through the left lens of his glasses. A girl resembling Claire is in the background, apparently being held by someone. In \\\"Fight or Flight\\\", Noah and the Haitian travel to Odessa, Ukraine, to find the remaining paintings. While there, he\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074192\",\n \"text\": \"and then tells the Haitian to \\\"go deep\\\" with Matt, who is last heard screaming. That morning, back at the Bennet house, Bennet finds that a distraught Claire has just come home. Bennet assumes from Claire's bare, mud-covered feet that she was out all night. Bennet has to get to work, but states that they'll talk later. He is then seen monitoring Nathan Petrelli, who has just had a one-night stand with Niki/Jessica Sanders. Bennet tells the Haitian to kidnap \\\"just the one\\\" (Nathan). In the next episode, \\\"Hiros\\\", Bennet and the Haitian attempt to force Nathan into a car,\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074191\",\n \"text\": \"adoption agency and look for her biological parents. After a happy Claire leaves the room, Bennet is seen watching a video tape of Claire demonstrating her healing abilities. In \\\"Collision\\\", Bennet is first seen standing over Matt Parkman, who is strapped to a gurney. Bennet calmly converses with Matt, advising him to relax. Bennet also checks the readout of a machine used to gauge when Parkman is trying to read Bennet's mind. Bennet explains that the Haitian is blocking Matt's powers. Nevertheless, Matt is able to pull the name \\\"Claire\\\" from Bennet's mind. Bennet is impressed by Matt's growing ability,\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074212\",\n \"text\": \"them work together to escape. Over breakfast at the Burnt Toast Diner, Bennet reveals that the only way to stop Thompson is to get to New York City to destroy the tracking device that tracks heroes tagged with the neck tattoo, and he produces bus tickets to take them there. When Matt asks if Mr. Linderman is in New York, Bennet seems surprised by Matt's knowledge of the name. Matt guesses correctly that Bennet was \\\"middle management\\\" and is somewhat incredulous that Bennet seems not to know who was signing his paychecks all those years. Bennet tells Matt to forget\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074210\",\n \"text\": \"then transforms back into Candice, and other members of the Company, including Thompson, enter the room behind her. In \\\".07%\\\", Bennet is now in the custody of Primatech, in a solitary cell. His will to protect Claire is challenged by Candice, who shapeshifts into Claire's form; Bennet recognizes the ruse right away and tells her and Thompson that he does not know where Claire is and will never give her up to them. Thompson threatens to kill Bennet, but Bennet notes that if they really wanted him dead, they'd have killed him by now. Thompson tells Bennet that he is\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074205\",\n \"text\": \"and the Haitian manage to track down Peter and Claude. They fire Tasers at Claude, but Peter unexpectedly utilizes his powers to stop the electrodes and fly away from them. Bennet is then called by Claire, who tells him that Sandra has collapsed for unknown reasons. Bennet heads back home, and is confronted by Claire in the hospital, where she reveals that she remembers everything that the Haitian was supposed to erase. Afterwards, the Bennet family returns home, where they are confronted by Ted Sprague and Matt Parkman. The episode \\\"Company Man\\\" begins with the hostage-taking of the Bennet family\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074204\",\n \"text\": \"Bennet then turns around to find Sylar calmly standing in front of him. Sylar asks about Claire, then states his intentions to kill her. After telekinetically throwing Bennet against a wall and playing with the lights, Sylar leaves Bennet trapped in the cell. Later, at the Bennet home, he and the Haitian narrowly save Sandra from Sylar. Although Sylar escapes, Bennet is confident he will catch the killer. After the Haitian wipes Sandra's memories yet again, Bennet is called by Isaac Mendez. Mendez is revealed to be working with Bennet, as he relays information about Peter Petrelli. In \\\"Unexpected\\\", Bennet\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074251\",\n \"text\": \"As she leaves, she hears Danko being attacked by an unknown assailant, Edgar, from the carnival, only to be attacked herself. Afterwards, she calls Bennet who discovers a key the assailant was after on Danko's body. Throughout these events, Bennet also tries to help Claire adjust to her new life in college while managing his own divorce from Sandra. Bennet calls Peter Petrelli to help him check out the safe deposit box that it opens, which Peter agrees to for the opportunity to gain the attacker's power of super speed. They are attacked only once they find a single, antique\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074217\",\n \"text\": \"system, where both are surprised to find it's a young girl — though only Matt is completely surprised: Bennet claims he knew it was a person, just not a little girl — whom Matt had previously rescued from Sylar, and who thought of Matt as \\\"my hero.\\\" Matt protests killing her, but Bennet says it must be done in order to save the others. The two continue to argue until Matt is suddenly knocked out by Mohinder from behind. The episode ends with Mohinder pointing a gun on Bennet while the latter points his gun on Molly, both men threatening\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074211\",\n \"text\": \"merely waiting on orders to do so. Realizing that the only hope of stopping Thompson and his superiors will be to escape from Primatech, Bennet telepathically gives instructions to Matt Parkman, who is also being held prisoner, on how to break out of his cell. Matt is then told to fetch Sprague from his cell so that Sprague can generate an EMP to shut down the power at Primatech, which will then allow them to break Bennet out of his cell. Matt is reluctant to go along with the plan, and Sprague doesn't trust Bennet, but eventually the three of\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074203\",\n \"text\": \"home, Bennet finds Claire and Zach are \\\"working on a school project\\\" together, according to Claire. Claire also acts as if she'd rather not spend time with Zach. Bennet, however, tells her that she had been friends and encourages her to see if they might not find something in common. After Zach and she go upstairs, Bennet gets a call from Hank. Hank states that Sylar has died, which Bennet replies is \\\"less than ideal.\\\" Bennet then tells Hank to prepare Sylar \\\"for shipping.\\\" Back at Sylar's cell, Bennet finds the body of a dead Hank where Sylar should be.\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074201\",\n \"text\": \"Claire's memories or whether he has already done so. In \\\"Godsend\\\", Bennet believes Claire's memory has been erased. Claire acts as if it has, as well. However, Bennet and Claire are slowly drifting apart. At Primatech Paper, the FBI investigates the building as well as Bennet and his associates. Though they find nothing, Officer Parkman knows Bennet's up to something and has realized that Bennet kidnapped him. Bennet is unfazed, however, and simply tells Matt \\\"good luck\\\" in regards to his vendetta. Next, Bennet shows up at the apartment of Mohinder Suresh in New York. Mohinder is defensive, recalling Bennet's\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074223\",\n \"text\": \"entire collection and Noah returns home. West has dropped by without notice that same morning and made breakfast for Claire. As Noah walks into the house, West sees Noah and remembers who he is. West runs outside and abruptly flies away without being seen by Noah. Having left behind a newspaper detailing the incident with the drunk cheerleader, it ends up in hand of Noah, who sees it as a threat to the family. He confronts Claire and tells her she is putting the life of their family in danger. Furthermore, he tells her and the family to pack their\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074216\",\n \"text\": \"four go up in the elevator together, with Bennet telling them where to find Linderman. Bennet and Parkman then get off at the floor where the tracking system is, only to find Thompson waiting for them. Parkman saves Bennet from getting shot, only to have Bennet leave him defenseless against Thompson. Thompson then comes up behind Parkman, puts a gun to his head, and asks him, \\\"What am I thinking now, Parkman?\\\" Bennet comes from the side and says, \\\"Your last thought.\\\" killing Thompson with two point blank gunshots to the head. The two then proceed to find the tracking\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074202\",\n \"text\": \"past actions. However, Bennet means him no harm, and even mentions Eden. Soon, he makes a proposition. Bennet tells Mohinder that together they could make a difference, and asks Mohinder to join him. Mohinder says he isn't interested, but Bennet leaves his card anyway. Bennet returns to Sylar's holding area in \\\"The Fix\\\". There, he finds Hank telling him that Sylar's vital signs are highly irregular and he may be dying. Bennet tells Hank to keep him alive, referencing orders from his superiors to that effect. Furthermore, he states that Sylar will \\\"die on [Bennet's] terms,\\\" not his own. At\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074199\",\n \"text\": \"silent about her powers because she is in danger from others like him. Bennet later meets with Sylar, confined in a prison cell, and tells him that the cell is keeping his powers suppressed. Sylar taunts Bennet telling him that Bennet is just like him. In their next confrontation Bennet turns the taunt back at Sylar telling him how they plan to study him to determine what makes him \\\"tick.\\\" Sylar boasts that he would escape and kill Claire, taking her healing abilities. Eden suggests using her powers to persuade Sylar to kill himself, but Bennet declines (though briefly tempted),\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074190\",\n \"text\": \"him to New York. There, Bennet is one of Mohinder's afternoon passengers during his job as a taxicab driver. Bennet begins pleasantly referencing his travels, and stating that he'll be happy to see his family again. The conversation turns as he mentions personal facts about Mohinder, ultimately resulting in Mohinder fleeing his own cab. Finally, Bennet comes home to Odessa and greets his family. The next morning in \\\"Don't Look Back\\\", Claire states her desire to meet her biological parents. Bennet is reluctant, but doesn't outright say \\\"no.\\\" After Claire gets home from school, Bennet says he'll start contacting the\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074239\",\n \"text\": \"Noah escape, which he does. After Claire \\\"kills\\\" Sylar, she escapes with Noah and Angela just as Meredith finally loses control of her ability and unleashes a massive explosion. Afterwards, Noah comforts a tearful Claire as they watch Primatech burn to the ground. In \\\"A Clear and Present Danger\\\", Noah is seen to be working with Nathan Petrelli. When Mohinder Suresh is running away from Homeland Security, Noah arrives in a SUV and rescues him. As they escape, Noah asks him who he's been in contact with. They get to the exit only to discover that the hunter and his\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074183\",\n \"text\": \"who has the power to turn invisible; and a romantic couple composed of Hank, a doctor with unknown abilities and his significant other, Lisa, who also has unknown abilities. Rains is the first person to question Bennet's actions and those of The Company. Bennet is charged with executing Rains for his insubordination on moral grounds, but Rains escapes by literally disappearing into thin air. Bennet's true agenda and overall affiliation are mysterious. In response to Matt Parkman's inquiries as to whether he works for the FBI or the CIA, Bennet said he doesn't work for \\\"any organization that has initials.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074269\",\n \"text\": \"Molly Walker. After rescuing Hiro Nakamura in \\\"Game Over\\\", Noah has Hiro take him back to the Evo Summit to save Claire and stop the bombing. After watching his past self be taken away by Erica Kravid, Noah is found by Angela Petrelli who informs him that Claire has been rushed to the hospital and is in surgery. While Hiro attempts to stop the bomb, Noah rushes to the hospital with Angela only to learn that Claire has died giving birth to twins. Noah says a tearful goodbye to Claire who doesn't revive for some reason. Hiro appears to him\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074245\",\n \"text\": \"flight, he demands to know if Noah knew about it. In \\\"Turn and Face the Strange\\\", Noah is accosted by Sandra in his hotel room, where she forces divorce papers on him and tells him she doesn't love him anymore. Noah discovers that she isn't really \\\"Sandra,\\\" but Sylar pretending to be her, as \\\"Sandra's\\\" signature on the papers is different from all of her other signatures. Discovering this, Noah confronts who he believes to be Sylar masquerading as Sandra in his hotel room, only to discover that it's the real Sandra, who is now scared to death of him\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074194\",\n \"text\": \"is going through 'a confusing time', telling that he knows of her powers. He tells the boy that he is being given a chance to start over in life and Bennet then tells the Haitian to \\\"hollow him out\\\" and \\\"take everything\\\" (erase all of Brody's memories, including that of his own name). Finally, in \\\"Better Halves\\\", Bennet has set up a meeting between Claire and his two associates, Hank and Lisa. Bennet presents the two as Claire's biological parents. While carefully watching the two with his wife Sandra, Bennet receives a call from Eden McCain, his spy in New\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074214\",\n \"text\": \"need radio isotopes or tracers to find you; it just knows where you are. Unbeknownst to Bennet, the Walker tracker system is later revealed to be Molly Walker, who has the ability to mentally find anyone in the world, just by thinking about them. The three arrive at Kirby Plaza, where Micah Sanders and Molly Walker are located. Claire sees the trio coming, and father and daughter reunite. Peter then notices his hands beginning to glow. Bennet realizes that Peter is absorbing Ted's power, and Peter and Claire look at each other worriedly. After Peter controls himself, the group splits\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074209\",\n \"text\": \"her mind wiped, as he told her to do; and that he had told her everything about what he really did, who he works for, and what happened to Claire. She gives him a note that he left for himself, warning him not to look for Claire because she is with friends. Then, Bennet and Candice travel to New York to \\\"clean up\\\" Isaac's mess. Upon his return home, Bennet tells Sandra that they both have to pretend that they have no idea what has happened, and that Primatech has to be stopped for good to ensure Claire's safety. \\\"Sandra\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074266\",\n \"text\": \"try to get everyone to safety. Thanks to Peter battling Samuel, Noah and Claire have enough time to locate Hiro and Ando and have them teleport all of the carnies away. Noah stays behind to finish the job and arrives after Peter defeats the powerless Samuel who collapses in despair at everyone's abandonment of him. Noah has him arrested and covers up the incident with the help of Lauren until Claire climbs the Ferris Wheel to expose her powers to the world which he tells Lauren is breaking his heart. Noah watches as Claire jumps off the Ferris Wheel in\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074255\",\n \"text\": \"Tracy. They come across his dead body that night and lament their failure. Tracy tells Noah to never call her again, and both agree to go their separate ways. In \\\"Once Upon a Time in Texas\\\", 3 years ago, during the time he worked for Primatech Paper as the events of Volume One \\\"Genesis\\\" unfold (\\\"Seven Minutes to Midnight\\\"), Noah is shown to share a special bond with fellow company agent Lauren Gilmore, who was his confidante when Noah cannot tell his family about what his job really entails, especially Isaac's paintings involving Claire. Noah and Lauren share a kiss\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074263\",\n \"text\": \"had a pregnant wife until she was killed by a man with telekinetic powers during a robbery which sent Noah after him looking for revenge. He also becomes a lot less honest. When he finds a man with powers, Noah demands the location of the killer's location which the man doesn't know and attacks him. Noah is forced to kill the man, the first time he ever killed anyone and this brings him to the attention of the Company who recruits him. In order to curb his more violent tendencies towards specials, they have him marry Sandra who is a\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074241\",\n \"text\": \"to shoot Peter, but Claire manages to convince Bennet to let Peter run. Bennet takes Claire back to Nathan. However, after a brief interrogation, Claire gets rescued by Daphne and she gets reunited with Hiro, Ando, Mohinder and Matt. Though Danko's soldiers quickly find Claire and her friends and shoot Daphne. Matt then uses his powers to take over the soldiers and have them kill themselves. Danko wants to shoot Matt, but Claire takes the bullets for him and gets arrested instead while the others flee. Nathan and Bennet finally convince Claire to return home to Costa Verde, where her\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074196\",\n \"text\": \"asks Isaac, whom Eden \\\"persuaded\\\" to come with her, to help him to prevent Claire from being murdered by Sylar at her homecoming game the next night. Bennet has collected three previous paintings Isaac created depicting a terrified Claire close-up, running up the bleachers in a football stadium, and lying dead on the ground with the top of her skull removed. When Isaac is unable to paint without the use of heroin and resists taking the drug, Bennet orders Eden to use her powers to make Isaac believe he wants to use the drug. Bennet becomes frustrated after Isaac is\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074193\",\n \"text\": \"but he escapes by flying away. Bennet is then seen at Texas hospital visiting Claire. Claire explains that Brody is a rapist and attempted to force himself on her. After speaking to one of his victims, Claire was motivated to do something. She only wanted to \\\"scare\\\" Brody, but as he sat in the passenger seat and said he wouldn't stop raping girls, she ultimately crashed his car intentionally. Claire begs her father not to tell anyone, and Bennet merely says he'll take care of it. Bennet then appears in Brody's room, followed by the Haitian. He says that she\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074262\",\n \"text\": \"becomes upset with him and realizes that Sylar killed Nathan and Noah transformed Sylar into Nathan. Noah admits that he did the wrong thing and that he thought he did it to keep Sylar detained and Nathan alive at the same time but Claire is angry and tells him she needs some to time to grieve, without being reminded of the truth. In \\\"The Wall,\\\" in order to turn Claire against her father, Samuel has Damien use his powers to project Noah's memories in the House of Mirrors. It's shown that Noah started out as a too-honest used-car salesman who\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074244\",\n \"text\": \"it is implied that he is working with her against Danko. Their precise goals are unclear. In \\\"Shades of Gray\\\", Nathan fires Danko as his second-in-command and appoints Noah to the position. Noah takes a call from Claire, who is asking how he managed to live a two-faced life for all this time, but Noah simply tells her he is the worst person to ask, and because she doesn't know which path to take, he doesn't know either. He later warns Angela that Danko is coming for her, but Angela says she is prepared. When Danko witnesses Nathan's ability of\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8831350\",\n \"text\": \"underage drinking to her, but slips up and calls her \\\"Miss Bennet,\\\" tipping her off to who he really is. Claire dashes home and discovers the painting that sent Noah into a paranoid frenzy (Noah's death) before she is abducted. After they take her blood, Bob, Mohinder, and Claire meet Noah, West, and Elle for a hostage exchange: Claire for Elle. As Claire and West fly away, Elle zaps them down. Noah shoots Elle, but is shot by Mohinder, devastating Claire, who breaks the news to Sandra and Lyle. In \\\"Truth & Consequences\\\" a heartbroken and devastated Claire, who does\",\n \"title\": \"Claire Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074265\",\n \"text\": \"While Claire tries to convince the carnies of the truth, Noah tries to find Samuel, but is caught by Edgar. Once he clarifies that he is there to stop Samuel and not to hurt anyone else, Edgar, who also wants to stop Samuel, teams up with him to do so. The two arrive in time to back up Claire's allegations that Samuel killed Joseph and was responsible for the death of Lydia and what he plans to do. When a brainwashed Eli backs them up, the carnies believe them and abandon Samuel who starts his earthquake while Noah and Claire\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074227\",\n \"text\": \"from his cell so that he can help in the apprehension of Sylar during the attack on the Level 5 facility. After Elle inadvertently knocks out Sylar and causes a breakdown of the complex security system, Noah---fearing the worst after seeing Sylar demonstrate Claire's ability---places Sylar in a cell and makes his own escape. Later, when Noah visits the house and sees Claire alive but traumatized, he explains that he cannot stay as he has to recapture the superhumans who escaped during Sylar's attack, stating \\\"\\\"They're villains, Claire, and I'm one of the only people on the planet who knows\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074274\",\n \"text\": \"their conduit, they can stop it, but it will be fatal to him. Noah tells Tommy to take him to the present where he takes Malina's hand. Though Tommy protests, Noah tells him that this is his destiny and Tommy takes his hand. With the power boost from Tommy, Malina fires a blast of energy into the sky through Noah, causing him great pain but successfully shielding the planet from the H.E.L.E. and saving the world. After the future is changed, Tommy and Malina find Noah sitting on the ground, near death. Noah looks at his grandchildren one last time\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074273\",\n \"text\": \"him and Malina to stop the H.E.L.E., they need a third person to act as a conduit for their power, someone willing to sacrifice themselves to save the world. Tommy goes back in time two days and saves Noah's life, transporting him seven years into the past to when Angela tested the twins powers. Noah watches as Angela states that there was a third faceless person in her vision and seems to look right at Noah. Tommy explains to Noah that after failing to stop the H.E.L.E. \\\"a thousand times\\\", he realized Noah was the key: if Noah acts as\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074272\",\n \"text\": \"son Nathan after Nathan Petrelli while Noah names Claire's daughter Malina after his own mother. After Angela, Hiro and the children are gone, Noah realizes that Erica is in the hospital and goes after her to kill her. His past self, having escaped with the help of Caspar Abraham, spots Noah and chases him down. In \\\"11:53 to Odessa\\\", Noah tries to get Malina to Odessa to stop the H.E.L.E. but during a massive storm, a car is flung right at him. Noah suddenly disappears leaving behind only his broken glasses. In \\\"Project Reborn\\\", Tommy learns that in order for\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074260\",\n \"text\": \"immediately opposed to. After Claire cuts herself and Doug faints, she and Noah discuss the clippings on Noah's wall; Noah insists Samuel and the carnival are dangerous and shows her the compass. Gretchen then appears, and tells Claire she was invited by Noah as Claire was feeling bad those days. Once everyone is leaving, Noah assures Claire she has many options, unknowing she later takes this advice to visit the carnival. Before leaving, Lauren asks Noah to go out and watch a movie some day. In \\\"The Fifth Stage\\\", Lauren appears at Noah's apartment ready to go out in their\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8831355\",\n \"text\": \"away, leaving her by herself on the hill. At home, Noah Bennet, greatly relieved to see her still alive, shows Claire some files on several of the Company's escaped villains, stating his knowledge of their abilities and capabilities. When Claire inquires about the possibility of being attacked by any of these villains at home, Noah tells her he had thought about that idea and then reveals that he and Sandra Bennet had called in Meredith Gordon (last seen in Season 1's \\\"Run!\\\") to protect the family in Noah's absence. In \\\"One of Us, One of Them,\\\" Claire enlists Meredith to\",\n \"title\": \"Claire Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074250\",\n \"text\": \"attempt on his life, which Bennet survived with the help of Emile Danko, he refuses to start hunting down superhumans as a vigilante, preferring instead to try and start the new Company under better pretenses. While eating in the restaurant underneath his apartment, Tracy Strauss approaches him, apparently to taunt him of his impending death. However, Bennet offers her a unique opportunity to simply walk away; if she does, he pledges to get Danko off her trail—permanently. After recruiting The Haitian to erase Danko's memories, Tracy shows up to kill him, only to find that Danko no longer remembers her.\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074215\",\n \"text\": \"in two, with Peter, Claire, and Sprague going to a remote town in Nebraska, and Parkman and Bennet continuing with their mission to destroy the tracking system. Bennet knows where they need to go, but he needs Parkman's powers to allow them access. Matt confronts a security guard and convinces him that they know each other and had spoken outside of work the previous night. Upon revealing an embarrassing secret of the guard's, the man lets them in without hesitation. While waiting for the elevator, they bump into Jessica and D.L., with Jessica surprised to see Matt still alive. The\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074213\",\n \"text\": \"about Linderman and that it is more important that they get to New York and destroy the tracker. Sprague casts the deciding vote to go to New York City, and Matt reluctantly agrees to join them on their destination. After escaping from Primatech Paper with Sprague and Parkman, the three of them head for New York to destroy the tracking system and the company. In \\\"The Hard Part\\\", Bennet, Parkman and Sprague steal a car and head for New York. Bennet reveals that the Company has a new tracking system called the Walker system. He reveals that this system doesn't\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074200\",\n \"text\": \"as he takes orders from someone higher up. Bennet later takes Claire to the police station, where she is interviewed about Jackie's murder. Officer Parkman is unable to read the thoughts of Claire or her father, since the Haitian is hiding behind a nearby corner. Afterwards, Bennet orders the Haitian to wipe the memories of his son and Claire's friend, Zach. When Claire finds out that the two of them have lost all memory of her powers she rings her father in a panic. It is left open whether it is only then that he orders the Haitian to wipe\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074198\",\n \"text\": \"Bennet soon discovers that the victim was not Claire; rather, it was Jackie Wilcox, one of Claire's fellow cheerleaders. A relatively relieved Bennet soon reunites with his daughter and insists they go home while the police handle things. Claire says that she has something to tell her father regarding her uncanny survival. In the episode \\\"Fallout\\\", Claire's father reveals that he knew about her powers long before she was aware of them. He acknowledges doing things he was not proud of to keep her safe, and tells Claire that Sylar had been taken care of, but that she must keep\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074197\",\n \"text\": \"unable to paint something that makes sense to him. When Eden protests his actions, Bennet shows her a series of photographs depicting Sylar's dead victims—all with their brains removed from their heads—and says he is determined to save his daughter from such a fate. He orders Eden to go to the homecoming game and look for Sylar and grounds Claire to prevent her from being killed. Bennet discovers later, however, that Claire snuck out and worriedly runs to the school to find her. When he arrives, he is too late to stop Sylar from attacking the cheerleader in the pictures.\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074231\",\n \"text\": \"he did, and Claire tells him of Canfield's true colors. He assures her that he would not put someone in Level 5 who didn't belong there, and Claire tells him about Canfield's whereabouts. When they find Canfield, Noah attempts to force him to kill Sylar in exchange for his freedom, clearly convinced that Sylar cannot be redeemed, but Canfield instead opens up a vortex and sucks himself in, preferring death to becoming a monster. Noah and Sylar take Claire home, and the former assures her that he only does these things to protect her. When Claire, Meredith, and Sandra take\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074261\",\n \"text\": \"date, but Noah noticed Claire took the compass and must be heading to the \\\"Sullivan Bros. Carnival\\\", so Lauren decides to help him using her CIA contacts. Later that night, Eli shows up at the place looking for the Primatech files, surrounding Lauren and Noah with clones; both attack the clones and hide in the bathroom to arm themselves. Once out again, they notice Eli and clones are gone, and they took the files with them. In \\\"Upon This Rock\\\", Noah is seen at Nathan's funeral. In \\\"Let It Bleed\\\", Noah offers to take Claire to Nathan's wake but she\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074258\",\n \"text\": \"he found Samuel Sullivan with her. Getting protective, he handcuffs Samuel, but Becky comes in taking down Claire and Noah. Samuel takes Noah's taser and shocks Becky stating he knows she is messed up. Noah tries to attack him, pushing Claire away. After Samuel and Becky are gone, Noah apologizes to Claire, and then leaves. Once at his apartment, he looks at several files labeled to being Samuel's including the mysterious sinkhole that destroyed a manor (\\\"Ink\\\"). In \\\"Brother's Keeper\\\", Noah gets home to find Claire and Tracy sharing a quality moment, and notices a frozen foot at the coffee\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074257\",\n \"text\": \"have been mind-wiped and argues with Noah about what he is able to do with people around her, fearing they will erased Gretchen's memory as well. Once Claire and the Haitian go to check on Gretchen, Noah is out to find Becky at her room, and despite her being invisible, he states he knows how to deal with her because he once had an invisible partner (\\\"Claude\\\"). Becky confesses why she attacked Claire; Noah killed her father while she was a kid during a bag & tag mission. Noah misses her when two girls enter the room. Back to Claire,\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074256\",\n \"text\": \"at Lauren's motel room while wrapped in a romantic moment, however Noah stops the kiss, feeling that he is cheating on Sandra, and he and Lauren apologize for letting it get out of hand. Once back at the headquarters, Lauren gives him an envelope, in which he finds a note from her telling she got the Haitian mind-wiped any memory of her crush on Noah, so they could work together without any concern, and then writes a note to Noah to let him know this. In \\\"Shadowboxing\\\", Noah appears at Becky's sorority house with the Haitian. Claire notices her friends\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074254\",\n \"text\": \"his own power is to understand people with abilities. Peter leaves once he mimicked Jeremy's healing touch, but Noah stays to assure Jeremy will get the help he needs, mainly because Noah feels he let Jeremy down in the past. In \\\"Strange Attractors\\\", despite Noah's effort to cover up Jeremy's parents death, the local sheriff holds him, so Noah enlists Tracy Strauss to help Jeremy start over. Once Jeremy is out, the townspeople believe Jeremy is guilty of charge, and frightened by them Jeremy accidentally kills a man, so he is taken by the police again, away from Noah and\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074253\",\n \"text\": \"advice as well, and he gives her the same message Claire told him: return to the basics to understand where to go from there. In \\\"Tabula Rasa\\\", Peter comes to Noah looking for a healer to save Hiro's life; Noah drops the name of Jeremy Greer, a past target of a bag & tag mission, so both teleport to \\\"Cainan, GA\\\". After finding Jeremy's power change from heal to kill when he got angry at his parents, killing them, Noah helps him conquering his fear of killing anyone else, and then he is able to heal Peter; Noah states that\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074243\",\n \"text\": \"the family. He is later shown at a bar, where he is drugged and kidnapped by Peter Petrelli, Matt Parkman, and Mohinder Suresh. In \\\"Cold Wars\\\" Noah is being interrogated by Matt Parkman, Mohinder Suresh, and Peter Petrelli. Matt Parkman manages to pluck out memories at the expense of Noah being in pain, learning about the operation hunting people with abilities, this is also where we lurn Noah is colorblind. Noah is rescued by Danko's men, and tells Danko that he will henceforth cooperate with Danko's more heavy-handed approach to their job. However, he later meets with Angela Petrelli, where\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074237\",\n \"text\": \"him. Fortunately, Hiro Nakamura arrives, teleports Sylar and Elle away, and then time-travels with Claire back to the day when his father first assigned Noah to protect her. When Claire is returned to the present by Arthur Petrelli, she, Noah, Meredith, and Angela are trapped in Primatech when Sylar initiates the lockdown mode. Noah sends three escaped Level 5 inmates (Echo DeMille, Eric Doyle, and Danny Pine) after Sylar as bait, promising freedom to the first one to kill Sylar. However, Echo and Danny are killed by Sylar, and Doyle is incapacitated. Soon afterwards, Noah is led into a trap\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074229\",\n \"text\": \"are FBI agents so they can get through. Noah manages to free the hostages, but is then taken hostage himself. Just as Knox and Jesse Murphy (now free of Peter's influence) are about to start beating him up, Sylar enters and stops them both with his telekinesis, also neutralizing Jesse's power. Noah reminds him of the \\\"plan\\\", and Sylar replies \\\"You just said that to make sure I didn't.\\\" Soon afterwards, Sylar loses control, locks Noah out of the bank, and kills Jesse for his power, allowing Knox to escape. Back at Level 5, Noah mentions to the Haitian that\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074226\",\n \"text\": \"During the episode, with Noah still in the hands of The Company, Bob visits the Bennets' home with an urn telling them that it contains Noah's ashes. In \\\"Powerless\\\", Noah returns to his family, clearly shocking them all as he is allegedly dead. He tells them that he was brought back using Claire's blood, and that he made a deal with The Company which will allow his family to lead a normal life with one condition; he must stay with the Company. Noah then leaves his family. In \\\"The Butterfly Effect\\\", Noah is imprisoned by the Company. Elle releases him\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074222\",\n \"text\": \"trying to use the Haitian to cover his tracks, will alert the Company, he instead opts to kill his mentor, making the affair appear to be a simple home invasion. In \\\"Out of Time\\\", Noah and Suresh attempt to make sense of the paintings Noah and the Haitian have just found. The one in question is a painting of Suresh holding a Company-issue gun that has just been fired. Noah takes pictures of the paintings in an effort to send them to Suresh, but Suresh refuses stating his life may be in danger. Afterwards, Noah and the Haitian burn the\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074186\",\n \"text\": \"their home resulting in Kate's death. Before wanting to find the killer, Noah develops signs of psychotic depression and paranoia before he spends the next year mapping and tracking people with abilities. After encountering one of the people he is tracking, Noah demands that he tell him where he can find Richard, but is attacked and is forced to kill him in self-defence. Soon after, Noah is approached by Eric Thompson Sr. with an offer to join Primatech and assistance in finding Richard. After two years and several deaths on his cases Noah is encouraged by Thompson to get married\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8831323\",\n \"text\": \"Claire Bennet Claire Bennet is a fictional character in the NBC psychological thriller science fiction drama series \\\"Heroes\\\". She is portrayed by Hayden Panettiere and first appeared on television in the pilot episode of the series, \\\"Genesis\\\" on September 25, 2006. She is a high school cheerleader with the power of rapid cellular regeneration. Claire appears in more episodes than any other character (72, plus a 73rd through stock footage). In \\\"Heroes Reborn\\\", she dies while giving birth to Malina and Nathan. Claire Bennet was born to Nathan Petrelli and Meredith Gordon, two people possessing abilities. Noah Bennet and his\",\n \"title\": \"Claire Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074182\",\n \"text\": \"and will do anything to protect them, particularly his adopted daughter Claire, and puts their safety above all else. He is also known as \\\"Glasses Man\\\". Bennet has had a number of associates, most notably a mysterious man most commonly known as \\\"The Haitian,\\\" who has the power to prevent other heroes from exercising their powers in his presence, as well as to remove select memories from people's minds. Bennet's other known associates have been Eden McCain, a woman with the power of mind control who kills herself to keep Sylar from gaining her ability; Claude Rains, Bennet's first partner\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074271\",\n \"text\": \"hold the key to saving the world. Noah realizes he had his memory wiped to protect Claire's children from Erica Kravid and decides that the safest place for them is in the past where they can grow up and prepare for their destiny. When they reach the correct time, Erica will be looking for toddlers, not teenagers. Hiro reluctantly agrees to take Angela back to 1999 to fulfill Noah's request while Noah intends to erase all security footage of the babies. Before Hiro and Angela leave, Noah and Angela name the babies as Claire never got to: Angela names Claire's\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074264\",\n \"text\": \"waitress at a restaurant where he and Thompson eat together. Though Claire is horrified by the origin of her parents marriage, Noah assures her he really did love Sandra despite their arranged marriage and her opinion of Noah doesn't change for the worse, so Samuel locks them in a trailer together and buries them underground in order to force Claire to witness his death while she survives due to her powers. In \\\"Brave New World,\\\" after being rescued from near-death by Tracy Strauss, Noah, Claire and Lauren travel to the Carnival to stop Samuel's plan to kill thousands of people.\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074259\",\n \"text\": \"table. Both girls state nothing happened. In \\\"Thanksgiving\\\", Noah invites Claire to his first Thanksgiving dinner so he won't be alone with Sandra and her new boyfriend. At the grocery store, he runs into Lauren Gilmore, whom he jokingly admits to be \\\"stalking\\\"; she then helps Noah shopping. Once Claire arrives at Noah's apartment, Claire notices Lauren, referring to her as Noah's date, which he refutes; once Sandra and Doug arrive, Sandra mistakes Lauren for a maid; after correction, Sandra believes Lauren to be Noah's date too. During dinner, Claire confesses her decision to drop out college, which Noah is\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074247\",\n \"text\": \"relocation project. After finding and losing Alice again, he is seen together with Claire and the Petrelli family eating at a diner, when Angela decide they should form a new company; minutes later, they witness another Nathan at a live press conference, and Noah recognize him as Sylar. Followed in \\\"I Am Sylar\\\", as Nathan leaves the diner and Peter follows him, Noah, Claire and Angela decide to leave too, only to be intercepted in the road by Danko's agents. In \\\"An Invisible Thread\\\", Noah is captured by the agents operating Building 26 shortly before Danko is framed for murdering\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074233\",\n \"text\": \"begins looking for the catalyst needed to perfect Mohinder's genetic modification formula, which is assumed to be Claire, Noah goes into hiding with her at the now-abandoned Canfield house and begins to teach her how to fight, but the father-daughter duo are soon attacked by Sylar and Elle. As their (and everyone else's) powers are negated due to a solar eclipse, Noah is more than a match for them, even dislocating Sylar's arm, but is ultimately forced to retreat when Claire takes a bullet from Elle that was meant for him. Angered and worried, Noah takes her home where he\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074232\",\n \"text\": \"down the puppet man Eric Doyle, they call Noah to take him in. Noah is impressed that Claire was able to help take out a very dangerous man, but Claire brushes him off, still angry with him about the Canfield incident and his partnership with Sylar. Noah then asks Meredith to accompany him as a partner. Following a phone call from Nathan Petrelli in \\\"Eris Quod Sum\\\", he and Meredith travel to Mohinder Suresh's laboratory in the loft of Isaac Mendez, where he advises Nathan and Tracy Strauss to get checked out by the Company. In \\\"The Eclipse\\\", when Pinehearst\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074228\",\n \"text\": \"how to stop them,\\\"\\\" and even showing her some info on the escapees. Before leaving, Noah tells her that he's enlisted Claire's biological mom, the pyrokinetic Meredith Gordon, to help protect the family. Going back to the Company to bring the escapees in, Noah, on orders from new CEO Angela Petrelli, is partnered with Sylar, much to his chagrin. When they arrive at the bank where a group of escapees are causing trouble, Noah orders Sylar to stay out of his way and let him handle the escapees, but Sylar uses his sharp tongue to convince the police that they\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074225\",\n \"text\": \"He then prepares to execute Bob, citing that Claire will never be free so long as the Company survives. But Mohinder shoots Noah, mimicking Isaac's painting exactly, and Noah is struck in the left eye and dies. While his family believes him to be dead, the episode ends with Noah in a Company facility, strapped to a gurney and being given a transfusion of Claire's blood; his destroyed eye subsequently regenerates and he returns to life. In \\\"Truth & Consequences\\\", Mohinder tells him that he was revived with Claire's blood and that Claire is at home, thinking he is dead.\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074224\",\n \"text\": \"things, and they are leaving immediately. Claire then calls her father out, stating that he was not being honest about his \\\"trip\\\" he took for \\\"management training\\\". Claire defiantly tells her father that she is not moving anywhere else and walks out of the room. In \\\"Cautionary Tales\\\", Bob, Elle, and Mohinder arrive in Costa Verde to take Claire. Though they are eventually successful, Noah manages to capture Elle. Noah brokers a trade with Bob, getting his daughter back in exchange for Bob's. When Elle breaks free and tries to kill West and Claire, Noah shoots her in the arm.\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8831419\",\n \"text\": \"a confidant in Claire because of their abilities and how hard it is to trust people in the outside world, causing Claire to feel a pang of guilt, presumably over Gretchen. Noah returns home and after noticing Claire's severed frozen foot on the coffee table asks the women how their day was. In \\\"Thanksgiving\\\", Noah Bennet hosts a Thanksgiving dinner at his apartment, which Claire attends, along with Sandra and her new boyfriend Doug, who bring with them Mr. Muggles and Doug's dog Ms. Lovegood; and Lauren Gilmore, Noah's ex-Company partner and ex-flame. Over Thanksgiving dinner, everyone goes around the\",\n \"title\": \"Claire Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8831403\",\n \"text\": \"they take their placement test for an advanced algebra class. Claire wakes from a nightmare in which one of Emile Danko's former agents tranquilizes her in the middle of the test and walks out, stating that \\\"This class isn't for me.\\\" As Annie catches a visiting Noah Bennet up on how his daughter is handling college, Claire and Noah have a heart-to-heart about who they want to be; she tells him that she doesn't want to be anybody but herself. Annie invites Claire to a mixer that night, where Claire meets up with Gretchen. Annie challenges Claire to a round\",\n \"title\": \"Claire Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8831397\",\n \"text\": \"a vehicle coming to a stop near their digging site. Noah Bennet gets out of the vehicle and joins his adoptive daughter and her biological family as Angela plans to reveal the truth. In \\\"1961,\\\" Angela is finally revealing to Claire, Noah, and her sons Nathan and Peter the secrets that have haunted her for over 4 decades. When a violent storm suddenly hits Coyote Sands, Angela goes out to face her demons. When Claire ventures outside seconds later, the storm has subsided, and Angela is nowhere in sight. After reconciling with each other, Noah and Claire, along with Nathan,\",\n \"title\": \"Claire Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074238\",\n \"text\": \"by Sylar, who locks him in a cell with Meredith, who has been injected with adrenaline, her ability becoming increasingly uncontrollable, and leaves him with a handgun with one bullet. Sylar tells him that he will have to choose between killing Meredith to save himself and explaining her death to Claire, or doing nothing and being burnt to death. However, Claire arrives at that moment, and Meredith, as per Noah's orders, superheats the bulletproof glass of the cell to weaken it, and then Noah shoots the glass to no avail. Claire then bodily throws herself through the window to help\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074270\",\n \"text\": \"afterwards and informs him that he can't stop the bomb, there are too many variables and any attempt to stop it results in a worse future. As Hiro and Noah prepare to return to their own time, Phoebe Frady unleashes a massive wave of darkness that drains Hiro's powers shortly before Harris bombs the summit. Returning to Claire's children, Angela informs Noah that the Earth's magnetic poles will soon reverse and solar flares will wipe out all life on Earth. Erica Kravid only intends to save those she wants and Angela has foreseen that one or both of Claire's children\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074248\",\n \"text\": \"several of his soldiers by Sylar. While captured, the two share a brief discussion about forming a partnership, which is ultimately short-lived. Once the two are freed from their cell by Hiro Nakamura, Danko waits for Noah to reveal what he knows about Sylar's plans and attempts to tranquilize him. Saved by Hiro, Noah intercepts Claire and Peter shortly after their encounter with Sylar and assists in convincing the Secret Service to help Peter save the President. Later, once Sylar is defeated, he works with Angela Petrelli and Matt Parkman to bring Nathan's personality to the forefront of Sylar's mind,\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074235\",\n \"text\": \"for them, Noah receives a call from Sandra in which she informs him that Claire is hospitalized. Instead of immediately rushing to the hospital, Noah follows a trail of Elle's blood to a local grocery store. After luring him into a back room, Sylar jumps him from behind, but he is once again outmatched without his powers against Noah's fighting skills. Ultimately, after tossing the ultimate insult (\\\"\\\"Poor Gabriel. You always wanted to be special. Now look at you; you're nobody.\\\"\\\"), he slits Sylar's throat with a box cutter. When he returns home, Claire is understandably angered with him for\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074230\",\n \"text\": \"he only plans to be partnered with Sylar long enough to ascertain a weakness, to which then he'll kill him. When he chastises Sylar for the death of Jesse, he merely states that \\\"rehabilitation doesn't happen overnight.\\\" Later on, he and Sylar arrive at the home of Stephen Canfield and discover Claire there, having already attempted to capture him, only to find out that he is not truly evil. After Canfield opens up a vortex, which Claire, Noah, and Sylar barely avoid getting sucked into, and escapes, Noah orders Sylar to shut up after he attempts to apologize for what\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074221\",\n \"text\": \"receives a call from Mohinder explaining that Molly Walker has fallen into a catatonic state and he wishes to take her to the Company for observation. Noah is unable to talk him out of it, though he warns that they'll have Mohinder as soon as he relinquishes that which he cares about. In \\\"The Line\\\", Noah tracks down his old mentor, Ivan. He has the Haitian remove precious memories (marriage day, kids being born, etc.) from the old man one by one until Ivan succumbs and reveals where the paintings are. Knowing that his method of interrogation, as well as\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074219\",\n \"text\": \"York, the Bennets have gone into hiding, having moved to Costa Verde, California, and assumed the last name of \\\"Butler.\\\" Noah takes a subordinate job at a copy store called Copy Kingdom, and makes it very clear that he won't stand for his younger superior's bullying management style. Despite going into hiding, he is still working to take down \\\"the Company\\\" with the help of Mohinder Suresh. In \\\"Lizards\\\", Noah tells his wife about a series of eight paintings done by the late Isaac Mendez, each depicting the death of a single person. He possesses the first, which predicts the\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9074246\",\n \"text\": \"and orders him out of the room. After being branded insane by Danko and his men, Noah is forced to run for his life and leave the operation. He is next seen driving up to Coyote Sands, meeting up with Claire and the Petrelli family. In \\\"1961\\\", he is seen digging graves in \\\"Coyote Sands\\\" alongside with Claire, Peter and Nathan by orders of Angela, due to her dreams about finding her sister. When the sandstorm hits the place, he is out looking for Claire and then is taken down by Mohinder, who later explains his father's involving in the\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Bennet\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["jack coleman"],"string":"[\n \"jack coleman\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1299,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when did the italian fascists came to power?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2099133","text":"both young and old. Both units fought alongside Nazi and \"Schutzstaffel\" (SS) counterparts in an extensive anti partisan war. The Black Brigades committed many atrocities in their fight against the Italian resistance movement and political enemies. On 15 August 1944, the GNR became a part of the Army. Many RSI ministers did not live past the end of World War II. While the RSI supported Nazi Germany, it allowed the Italian Fascist movement to build a completely totalitarian state. During the preceding twenty years of Fascist association with the Savoy monarchy of the Kingdom of Italy, the Fascists had been","title":"Italian Social Republic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2099133\",\n \"text\": \"both young and old. Both units fought alongside Nazi and \\\"Schutzstaffel\\\" (SS) counterparts in an extensive anti partisan war. The Black Brigades committed many atrocities in their fight against the Italian resistance movement and political enemies. On 15 August 1944, the GNR became a part of the Army. Many RSI ministers did not live past the end of World War II. While the RSI supported Nazi Germany, it allowed the Italian Fascist movement to build a completely totalitarian state. During the preceding twenty years of Fascist association with the Savoy monarchy of the Kingdom of Italy, the Fascists had been\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Social Republic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"7808415","text":"Fascists publicly identified King Victor Emmanuel II – the first King of a reunited Italy who had initiated the \"Risorgimento\" – along with other historic Italian figures such as Gaius Marius, Julius Caesar, Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi and others, for being within a tradition of dictatorship in Italy that the Fascists declared that they emulated. However, this compromise with the monarchy did not yield a cordial relationship between the King and Mussolini. Although Mussolini had formally accepted the monarchy, he pursued and largely achieved reducing the power of the King to that of a figurehead.","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"1150181","text":"by police statistics of the early 20th century in Boston and New York City which show that Italian immigrants had an arrest rate no greater than that of other major immigrant groups, a very small minority brought a very different custom. This criminal element preyed on the immigrants of the Little Italies, using intimidation and threats to extract protection money from the wealthier immigrants and shop owners, and were also involved in a multitude of other illegal activities. When the Fascists came to power in Italy, they made the destruction of the Mafia in Sicily a high priority. Hundreds fled","title":"Italian Americans"},{"psg_id":"7808413","text":"Fascist government in public ceremonies rose the national tricolour flag along with a Fascist black flag. However, years later and after Mussolini was forced from power by the King in 1943 only to be rescued by German forces, the Italian Social Republic founded by Mussolini and the Fascists did incorporate the fasces on the state's war flag, which was a variant of the Italian tricolour national flag. The issue of the rule of monarchy or republic in Italy was an issue that changed several times through the development of Italian Fascism, as initially Italian Fascism was republican and denounced the","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"13344444","text":"circus. While adapting to her new life, she finds herself challenged, and in the end, happy with her new life. When the Circus Came to Town When the Circus Came to Town is a 1981 American made-for-television drama film directed by Boris Sagal and starring Elizabeth Montgomery, Christopher Plummer, and Eileen Brennan. It originally aired on CBS as a \"Movie of the Week\" on January 20, 1981. \"When the Circus Came to Town\" chronicles the life of Mary Flynn (Montgomery), a woman nearing middle age living in a small town. When the circus comes through town, she realizes nothing will","title":"When the Circus Came to Town"},{"psg_id":"13344443","text":"When the Circus Came to Town When the Circus Came to Town is a 1981 American made-for-television drama film directed by Boris Sagal and starring Elizabeth Montgomery, Christopher Plummer, and Eileen Brennan. It originally aired on CBS as a \"Movie of the Week\" on January 20, 1981. \"When the Circus Came to Town\" chronicles the life of Mary Flynn (Montgomery), a woman nearing middle age living in a small town. When the circus comes through town, she realizes nothing will ever change unless she does something different, so she leaves her boring sheltered life to run away and join the","title":"When the Circus Came to Town"},{"psg_id":"14571441","text":"on \"fascism in motion.\" A major example of such fluidity in Italian fascism occurred when Benito Mussolini, once a leading member of the Italian Socialist Party, turned sharply to the political Right after his national \"syndicalist\" Fascio suffered a huge defeat in the Italian elections of 1919. Soucy is also critical of definitions of fascism that require fascists—in order to be considered fascists—to behave before they came to power in as \"totalitarian\" a fashion as they had after they came to power (both Mussolini and Hitler had once been electoral politicians). For Soucy, too many historians have attempted to white-wash","title":"Robert Soucy"},{"psg_id":"7808353","text":"Italian Empire as a \"Third Rome\", identifying ancient Rome as the \"First Rome\" and Renaissance-era Italy as the \"Second Rome\". Italian Fascism has emulated ancient Rome and Mussolini in particular emulated ancient Roman leaders, such as Julius Caesar as a model for the Fascists' rise to power and Augustus as a model for empire-building. Italian Fascism has directly promoted imperialism, such as within the \"Doctrine of Fascism\" (1932), ghostwritten by Giovanni Gentile on behalf of Mussolini: Fascism emphasized the need for the restoration of the Mazzinian \"Risorgimento\" tradition that pursued the unification of Italy, that the Fascists claimed had been","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"17110748","text":"to set up in the city as a result. Despite its close association with elements of the Conservative Party, the British Fascists did occasionally put up candidates in local elections. In 1924 two of its candidates in the municipal elections in Stamford, Lincolnshire, Arnold Leese and Henry Simpson, managed to secure election to the local council. Simpson would retain his seat in 1927 although by that stage both he and Leese had broken from the British Fascists. The British Fascists began to take on a more prominent role in the run-up to the General Strike of 1926, as it became","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"17110738","text":"British Fascists The British Fascists were the first political organisation in the United Kingdom to claim the label of fascist. While the group had more in common with conservatism for much of its existence, it nonetheless was the first to self-describe as fascist in Britain. William Joyce, Neil Francis Hawkins, Maxwell Knight and Arnold Leese were amongst those to have passed through the movement as members and activists. They were formed in 1923 by Rotha Lintorn-Orman in the aftermath of Benito Mussolini's March on Rome, and originally operated under the Italian-sounding name British Fascisti. Despite their name the group had","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"17110746","text":"a call for a reduction in income tax so that the well-off could hire more servants and so reduce unemployment. The group changed its name from British Fascisti to British Fascists in 1924 in an attempt to distance itself from the Italian associations, although this move helped to bring about a split in the group with a more ideologically fascist group, the National Fascisti, going its own way. The group's patriotism had been questioned because of the Italian spelling of the name, while accusations were also made that it was in the pay of the Italian government. Placing emphasis on","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"17110758","text":"Fascists' membership had plummeted with only a hardcore of members left. Various schemes were floated in an attempt to reinvigorate the movement although none succeeded. Archibald Whitmore announced a plan to turn the British Fascists into an Ulster loyalist group and successor to the Ulster Volunteers although, after claiming that he was preparing to begin recruitment in Northern Ireland, nothing came of this. The scheme had been led by Mrs D. G. Harnett, a close friend of Lintorn-Orman, who hoped the BF could profit from the emergence of prominent Irish republican Éamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"287111","text":"power in Italy, the National Fascist Party, under the leadership of the charismatic Benito Mussolini. The Fascists, like the Nazis, promoted a national rebirth of their country, as they opposed communism and liberalism; appealed to the working-class; opposed the Treaty of Versailles; and advocated the territorial expansion of their country. The Italian Fascists used a straight-armed Roman salute and wore black-shirted uniforms. Hitler was inspired by Mussolini and the Fascists, borrowing their use of the straight-armed salute as a Nazi salute. When the Fascists came to power in 1922 in Italy through their coup attempt called the \"March on Rome\",","title":"Nazi Party"},{"psg_id":"7983392","text":"the late 19th and early 20th centuries received land grants from the Mexican government. When Benito Mussolini came to power, thousands of Italian families left Italy for Mexico. In the state of Aguascalientes there is a large population of Mexicans of Italian descent, the result of the French incursion and the creation of the Second Mexican Empire. The regions with the greatest populations of Mexican Italians are Mexico City, Monterrey, Puebla, and Veracruz. Although Italo-Mexicans claim an Italian ethnic identity, they generally note that they are Mexican as well. In 1995, there were an estimated 30,000 Mexicans descended from Italian","title":"Italian immigration to Mexico"},{"psg_id":"5574078","text":"Socialists and the rising Fascists instigators of political violence on opposite sides. In this chaotic situation, the Liberals founded the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) in 1922, which immediately joined an alliance led by Fascists and formed with them a joint list for the 1924 general election, transforming the Fascists from a small political force into an absolute-majority party. The PLI was banned by Benito Mussolini in 1925, while many old Liberal politicians were given prestigious, but not influential, political posts, such as seats in the Senate, which was stripped of any real power by Fascist reforms. The PLI was re-founded","title":"Italian Liberal Party"},{"psg_id":"6489793","text":"Volata Volata (\"flow\") is a code of football developed and promoted by Italian fascists for a brief period during the late 1920s and early 1930s, in an attempt to displace sports with non-Italian origins, such as association football (soccer) and rugby union. Association football was popular in Italy when the fascists came to power in 1921. Rugby union was a new and relatively minor sport, but also growing in popularity. Although the fascists idealized association football for its contribution to physical fitness, it was also seen at the time as an \"English game\" (because the rules had been codified by","title":"Volata"},{"psg_id":"6071848","text":"When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town () is a 1955 Norwegian children's book written and illustrated by Thorbjørn Egner, which tells the story of Kardemomme by (Cardamom Town). It is considered as one of the most important Norwegian children's books. The book includes many songs which are connected to the story. The story is well adapted for playing as a theatre act with musical elements. The book is about the peaceful town of Kardemomme and the people there, as well as the only characters which stir up serious trouble. They are the","title":"When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town"},{"psg_id":"17281162","text":"When Ali Came to Ireland When Ali Came to Ireland is a 2012 Irish documentary film directed by Ross Whitaker. It tells the story of how Killorglin-born circus strongman and publican, Michael \"Butty\" Sugrue, put up £300,000 and persuaded Muhammad Ali to make his first visit to Ireland to fight against Alvin Lewis in Croke Park on 19 July 1972. Ali went to Ireland with an entourage on 11 July 1972 to spend time training for the fight. While there, he was interviewed for RTÉ Television by Cathal O'Shannon and was taught the rudiments of hurling by Eddie Keher. Ali","title":"When Ali Came to Ireland"},{"psg_id":"17281160","text":"When Ali Came to Ireland When Ali Came to Ireland is a 2012 Irish documentary film directed by Ross Whitaker. It tells the story of how Killorglin-born circus strongman and publican, Michael \"Butty\" Sugrue, put up £300,000 and persuaded Muhammad Ali to make his first visit to Ireland to fight against Alvin Lewis in Croke Park on 19 July 1972. Ali went to Ireland with an entourage on 11 July 1972 to spend time training for the fight. While there, he was interviewed for RTÉ Television by Cathal O'Shannon and was taught the rudiments of hurling by Eddie Keher. Ali","title":"When Ali Came to Ireland"},{"psg_id":"1505520","text":"1940, the BUF was banned outright by the government and Mosley, along with 740 other fascists, was interned for much of the Second World War. After the war, Mosley made several unsuccessful attempts to return to politics, notably in the Union Movement. Mosley, known to his followers as The Leader, modelled his leadership style on Benito Mussolini and the BUF on Mussolini's National Fascist Party in Italy, the uniform chosen for members was a black fencing jacket, its colour in honour of the Italian Fascists' uniforms and its cut a nod to Mosley's proficiency at the sport. The uniform earned","title":"British Union of Fascists"},{"psg_id":"17110760","text":"stance. Plans for a merger with the IFL did not get off the ground and plans for a merger with Graham Seton Hutchison's National Workers Party were also abandoned when it became clear that, far from having the 20,000 members in Mansfield alone that Seton Hutchison claimed, the party was little more than a one-man show. In a bid to reverse its decline the party adopted a strongly anti-semitic platform. Thurlow notes: 'it was noticeable that the BF became increasingly anti-semitic in its death throes.' In 1933 Lord and Lady Downe, as representatives of the British Fascists, entertained Nazi German","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"11047864","text":"Fascist Party, or PNF, achieved this through sanctifying politics, “integrating the masses into the nation through the use of faith based rituals and symbols centered on a new fascist religion.” The Italian Fascists also claimed a monopoly over the representation of “Italianness”; an Italian national was defined by his participation in the PNF. As a result, the liberal nationalist ideal which incorporated all Italians into the state; despite religion, ethnicity or ideology, was swept away by the totalitarian state ideal. Only Fascists were considered \"True Italians\" and only these individuals were granted a \"Complete Citizenship.\" Those who did not swear","title":"History of Italian citizenship"},{"psg_id":"7801422","text":"When the Whales Came When the Whales Came is a 1989 British film, based on the 1985 children's book \"Why the Whales Came\" written by Michael Morpurgo. The film is set on the fictional British island of Scylla, while the location of the book is explicitly identified as Bryher, one of the Isles of Scilly. Two children named Gracie Jenkins and Daniel Pender are best friends living on the island of Bryher. They enjoy sailing wooden boats that they make off the numerous beaches, but the tide carries their favorite one across to a forbidden bay. This is the home","title":"When the Whales Came"},{"psg_id":"7808349","text":"subsequent Italian neo-fascist movements. Italian Fascism was rooted in Italian nationalism, national syndicalism, revolutionary nationalism, and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed necessary for a nation to assert its superiority and strength and to avoid succumbing to decay. Italian Fascists also claimed that modern Italy is the heir to ancient Rome and its legacy and historically supported the creation of an Italian Empire to provide \"spazio vitale\" (\"living space\") for colonization by Italian settlers and to establish control over the Mediterranean Sea. Italian Fascism promoted a corporatist economic system whereby employer and employee syndicates","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"3427288","text":"claimed that Dalmatia was a land of Italian culture whose Italians, including those of Italianized South Slavic descent, had been driven out of Dalmatia and into exile in Italy, and supported the return of Italians of Dalmatian heritage. Mussolini identified Dalmatia as having strong Italian cultural roots for centuries via the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice. The Fascists especially focused their claims based on the Venetian cultural heritage of Dalmatia, claiming that Venetian rule had been beneficial for all Dalmatians and had been accepted by the Dalmatian population. The Fascists were outraged after World War I, when the","title":"Italian irredentism"},{"psg_id":"17008719","text":"which at first saw the Jews as Italians—just like the Italian Jews—began to consider them as indigenous Muslims. In 1934, after the fascists' rise to power, Italo Balbo was appointed as the governor-general of Italian Libya. He developed the “Italian colony” and, like many fascists, saw it as symbol of Italy’s returning to the greatness of the Roman Empire—the last time that Italy controlled Libya. During his term in office, the process of modernizing Jewish communities accelerated, and Jews took part in government establishments. Balbo respected the Jewish tradition so long as it did not prevent the progress he brought","title":"Jews of Libya during the Holocaust"},{"psg_id":"7801432","text":"The curse is lifted by the islanders and Gracie, Jack and Clem return home celebrating their experiences. When the Whales Came When the Whales Came is a 1989 British film, based on the 1985 children's book \"Why the Whales Came\" written by Michael Morpurgo. The film is set on the fictional British island of Scylla, while the location of the book is explicitly identified as Bryher, one of the Isles of Scilly. Two children named Gracie Jenkins and Daniel Pender are best friends living on the island of Bryher. They enjoy sailing wooden boats that they make off the numerous","title":"When the Whales Came"},{"psg_id":"7808412","text":"and the exercise of power. Other traditional symbols of ancient Rome used by the Fascists included the she-wolf of Rome. The fasces and the she-wolf symbolized the shared Roman heritage of all the regions that constituted the Italian nation. In 1926, the fasces was adopted by the Fascist government of Italy as a symbol of the state. In that year, the Fascist government attempted to have the Italian national flag redesigned to incorporate the fasces on it. However, this attempt to incorporate the fasces on the flag was stopped by strong opposition to the proposal by Italian monarchists. Afterwards, the","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"6071850","text":"of a theme park in Kristiansand Zoo in 1991. Thorbjørn Egner lived to see the theme park under construction, but not to see it completed. Law of Cardamom () is the only law in Cardamom Town. The law is simple and liberal: Some of the songs from the book/play were issued on the EP album \"Kardemommeviser\" in 1955. The 1975 album \"Folk og røvere i Kardemomme by\" (with Egner playing the \"Jonathan\" character) was awarded the Spellemann award. The book was made into a film in 1988, directed by Bente Erichsen. When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town When the","title":"When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town"},{"psg_id":"8388730","text":"was shot in the cities of Austin and Granger in Texas. When Zachary Beaver Came to Town When Zachary Beaver Came to Town is a 2003 comedy-drama film starring Jonathan Lipnicki and Cody Linley. It was adapted from a National Book Award-winning children's novel of the same name by Kimberly Willis Holt. One summer in the small, sleepy town of Granger, Texas, Toby Wilson's life changes. Toby (Jonathan Lipnicki) is a boy who lives with his parents, but his mother runs off to Nashville to try to become a singer. Later, he and his best friend Cal McKnight (Cody Linley)","title":"When Zachary Beaver Came to Town"},{"psg_id":"8388726","text":"When Zachary Beaver Came to Town When Zachary Beaver Came to Town is a 2003 comedy-drama film starring Jonathan Lipnicki and Cody Linley. It was adapted from a National Book Award-winning children's novel of the same name by Kimberly Willis Holt. One summer in the small, sleepy town of Granger, Texas, Toby Wilson's life changes. Toby (Jonathan Lipnicki) is a boy who lives with his parents, but his mother runs off to Nashville to try to become a singer. Later, he and his best friend Cal McKnight (Cody Linley) meet a fat sideshow freak named Zachary Beaver (Sasha Neulinger), who","title":"When Zachary Beaver Came to Town"},{"psg_id":"12586858","text":"areas. Furthermore, the Italians employed many Eritreans in public service (in particular in the police and public works departments) and oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa. In a region marked by cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity, a succession of Italian governors maintained a notable degree of unity and public order. The Italians also built many major infrastructural projects in Eritrea, including the Asmara-Massawa Cableway and the Eritrean Railway. Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. Mussolini established the Italian Empire in May 1936. The fascists","title":"Italian Eritreans"},{"psg_id":"17110753","text":"King should salute them from the balcony but the requests were rejected and the parade did not take place. The progress towards fascism did not however come quick enough for Arnold Leese who in 1928 split from the group, which he denounced as \"conservatism with knobs on\" to establish his own Imperial Fascist League (IFL), a much more hard-line group that emphasised anti-Semitism. Before long however the British Fascists began to advocate a more authoritarian government in which the monarch would take a leading role in government as well as advocating the establishment of a Benito Mussolini style corporate state,","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"10477597","text":"mother how he would think about her and home, but then get angry that she didn't love or want him. Then he explains that now he knows she did love him and want him. He then tells his mother that he is home, and the two cry in each other's arms and sing their bedtime song together. In the end, it is revealed that Gail and Andrew returned home to Eddie and EJ to build a healthier life together and that Ted was tried for kidnapping and abusing Andrew, found guilty, and was imprisoned. When Andrew Came Home When Andrew","title":"When Andrew Came Home"},{"psg_id":"12853103","text":"Albanian civil government. From April 1939, Albanian foreign affairs, customs, as well as natural resources came under direct control of Italy. All petroleum resources in Albania went through Agip, Italy's state petroleum company. The puppet Albanian Fascist Party became the ruling party of the country and the local Fascists, like prime minister Shefqet Verlaci, allowed Italian citizens to settle in Albania and to own land so that they could gradually transform it into Italian soil. Verlaci (who had distant Italian roots) approved the possible administrative union of Albania and Italy, because he wanted Italian support for the union of Kosovo,","title":"Italian colonists in Albania"},{"psg_id":"6437902","text":"Italy and the severe internal tensions within the country, which led to the rise of fascism, led 614,000 immigrants away in 1920, half of them going to the United States. When the fascists came to power in 1922, there was a general slowdown in the flow of emigrants from Italy, eventually. However, during the first five years of fascist rule, 1,500,000 people left Italy. By then, the nature of the emigrants had changed; there was, for example, a marked increase in the rise of relatives outside the working age moving to be with their families, who had already left Italy.","title":"Italian diaspora"},{"psg_id":"17281161","text":"won the Lewis fight with a technical knockout in the 11th round, and Sugrue lost a lot of money bankrolling it. The documentary was first broadcast on RTÉ One on 1 January 2013. Ali returned to Ireland twice in later years. He took part in the opening ceremony of the Special Olympics in Dublin in 2003, and he visited the birthplace of his great grandfather, Abe Grady, in Ennis in 2009, where he was made an Honorary Freeman of the town. \"When Ali Came to Ireland\" won the \"Best Sports Programme\" award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards.","title":"When Ali Came to Ireland"},{"psg_id":"17110762","text":"called in a £500 loan. This effectively brought the British Fascists to a conclusion; Rotha Lintorn-Orman died the following year. British Fascists The British Fascists were the first political organisation in the United Kingdom to claim the label of fascist. While the group had more in common with conservatism for much of its existence, it nonetheless was the first to self-describe as fascist in Britain. William Joyce, Neil Francis Hawkins, Maxwell Knight and Arnold Leese were amongst those to have passed through the movement as members and activists. They were formed in 1923 by Rotha Lintorn-Orman in the aftermath of","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"3427289","text":"agreement between Italy and the Entente Allies in the Treaty of London of 1915 to have Dalmatia join Italy was revoked in 1919. To the west of Italy, the Fascists claimed that the territories of Corsica, Nice and Savoy held by France were Italian lands. The Fascist regime produced literature on Corsica was that presented evidence of the \"italianità\" of the island. The Fascist regime produced literature on Nice that justified that Nice was an Italian land based on historic, ethnic and linguistic grounds. The Fascists quoted Medieval Italian scholar Petrarch who said: \"The border of Italy is the Var;","title":"Italian irredentism"},{"psg_id":"7808359","text":"who indicated that France would oppose Italian unification unless France was given Nice and Savoy that were held by Piedmont Sardinia, as France did not want a powerful state having control of all the passages of the Alps. As a result, Piedmont-Sardinia was pressured to concede Nice and Savoy to France in exchange for France accepting the unification of Italy. The Fascist regime produced literature on Corsica that presented evidence of the \"italianità\" of the island. The Fascist regime produced literature on Nice that justified that Nice was an Italian land based on historic, ethnic and linguistic grounds. The Fascists","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"17110757","text":"then Labour MP as a dangerous socialist. As a consequence Francis Hawkins broke away and took much of the male membership of the group with him with the New Party becoming the British Union of Fascists (BUF) soon afterwards. Relations with the BUF were as a result frosty for the remainder of the group's life and, although Mosley dismissed the British Fascists as \"three old ladies and a couple of office boys\", in 1933 a BUF fighting squad wrecked the group's London offices after British Fascists members had heckled the BUF headquarters. By this stage in their development the British","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"3553822","text":"to the part they took in the Italian Campaign against the Axis) or as the Italian Civil War (when referring specifically to the conflict with Italian Fascists). The modern Italian Republic was declared to be founded on the struggle of the resistance. Armed resistance to the German occupation following the armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces of 3 September 1943 began with Italian regular forces: the Italian Armed Forces and the Carabinieri military police. The period's best-known battle broke out in Rome the day the armistice was announced. Regio Esercito units such as the Sassari Division, the Granatieri di","title":"Italian resistance movement"},{"psg_id":"725565","text":"monarchy from the socialists. He decided to include Fascists on his electoral list for 1921 elections. In the elections, the Fascists did not make large gains, but Giolitti's government failed to gather a large enough coalition to govern and offered the Fascists placements in his government. The Fascists rejected Giolitti's offers and joined with socialists in bringing down his government. In October 1922, Mussolini took advantage of a general strike to announce his demands to the Italian government to give the Fascist Party political power or face a coup. With no immediate response, a group of 30,000 Fascists began a","title":"History of Italy"},{"psg_id":"10207138","text":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\" is a 1978 song recorded by singer Marvin Gaye for his \"Here, My Dear\" album, following his 1976 divorce when he was ordered to give half the takings of his next album to ex-wife Anna Gaye. In the album, he \"poured his emotions into songs agonisingly documenting their relationship's rise and fall.\" The song was a six-minute-long opus that has been considered the centerpiece of the \"Here, My Dear\" album. As if offering confessional testimony to","title":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You"},{"psg_id":"7808411","text":"meant that when it granted women the right to vote in 1925 it was limited purely to voting in local elections. Italian Fascism believed that the success of Italian nationalism required a clear sense of a shared past amongst the Italian people along with a commitment to a modernized Italy. In a famous speech in 1926, Mussolini called for Fascist art that was \"traditionalist and at the same time modern, that looks to the past and at the same time to the future\". Traditional symbols of Roman civilization were utilized by the Fascists, particularly the fasces that symbolized unity, authority","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"1505518","text":"and these high-profile resignations resulted in membership dropping to below 8,000 by the end of 1935 and, ultimately, Mosley shifted the party's focus back to mainstream politics. The party continued to clash with anti-fascists, most famously at the Battle of Cable Street in October 1936, when organised anti-fascists prevented the BUF from marching through Cable Street. However, the party later staged other marches through the East End without incident, albeit not on Cable Street itself. BUF support for Edward VIII and the peace campaign to prevent a second World War saw membership and public support rise once more. The government","title":"British Union of Fascists"},{"psg_id":"14407822","text":"on the world stage, most Italians in Canada did not harbour any ill will against Canada and few remained committed followers of the fascist ideology. Prior to June 10, 1940, the RCMP began systematic surveillance of Italian Canadian fascists following Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia in October 1935 and in 1938 published a 60-page report detailing fascist activity in Canada. Newspaper accounts of the day, such as the \"Ottawa Citizen\", tell that the status of \"enemy alien\" was immediately placed on non-resident Italians older than 16 years of age, and on Italian Canadians who became British subjects after September 1929. The","title":"Italian Canadian internment"},{"psg_id":"7808354","text":"left incomplete and abandoned in the Giolittian-era Italy. Fascism sought the incorporation of claimed \"unredeemed\" territories to Italy. To the east of Italy, the Fascists claimed that Dalmatia was a land of Italian culture whose Italians, including those of Italianized South Slavic descent, had been driven out of Dalmatia and into exile in Italy, and supported the return of Italians of Dalmatian heritage. Mussolini identified Dalmatia as having strong Italian cultural roots for centuries via the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice. The Fascists especially focused their claims based on the Venetian cultural heritage of Dalmatia, claiming that Venetian","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"14368054","text":"1930, when it was suspended because British authorities assumed that a free and fair election would not be possible following a clash between the governing Constitutional Party and the Church and the latter's subsequent imposition of mortal sin on voters of the party and its allies. And the second time in 1934, when the Constitution was revoked over the Government's budgetary vote for the teaching of Italian in elementary schools. The Fascists invested heavily in promoting Italian culture in Malta. They were making overtures to a minority who not only loved Italy's language but also saw Malta as a geographical","title":"Italian Maltese"},{"psg_id":"17110750","text":"nature and its reliance on funding from Rotha Lintorn-Orman (who had garnered a reputation for high living) and so excluded them as a group from the OMS. As a result, a further split occurred, as a number of members, calling themselves Loyalists and led by former BF President Brigadier-General Blakeney, did just that. In the event the British Fascists formed their own Q Divisions which took on much of the same work as the OMS during the strike, albeit without having any official government recognition. The strike severely damaged the party as it failed to precipitate the \"Bolshevik Revolution\" that","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"8971826","text":"This machine kills fascists \"This Machine Kills Fascists\" is a message that Woody Guthrie placed on his guitar in 1941, which inspired many subsequent artists. Soon after moving into a small fourth-floor walk-up apartment in Manhattan, Guthrie wrote the war song \"Talking Hitler's Head Off Blues\". This was printed in the \"Daily Worker\" newspaper: then \"In a fit of patriotism and faith in the impact of the song, he painted on his guitar THIS MACHINE KILLS FASCISTS.\" In Guthrie's opposition to fascism, he conceptualized the ideology \"as a form of economic exploitation similar to slavery,\" straightforwardly denouncing the fascists -","title":"This machine kills fascists"},{"psg_id":"7801427","text":"the Birdman to teach him to carve, and soon begins to become expert. One day the Birdman tells the children about a large amount of valuable timber which has washed up on one of the island's shores. The islanders all gather to collect and hide this timber before the coastal authorities arrive and try to claim it for themselves. While searching the island they ask to see in Gracie's attic, where they find nothing except the carved sea bird that the Birdman gave Gracie. Jack asks where it came from and Gracie insists that Daniel made it. When Daniel shows","title":"When the Whales Came"},{"psg_id":"10307674","text":"his car in Brooklyn, When I Came Home reveals a failing system and the veteran's struggle to survive after returning from war. The film reports that as of March 2006, 500 Iraq War veterans are homeless. In addition to Noel, Paul Rieckhoff the Executive Director and Founder of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America (IAVA), makes several appearances in the film. Rachel Maddow and Chuck D, talk radio hosts of the Air America Radio network, also make a brief appearances in the film. When I Came Home When I Came Home is a 2006 documentary directed by Dan Lohaus about","title":"When I Came Home"},{"psg_id":"1505521","text":"them the nickname \"Blackshirts\", which they readily accepted for themselves. The BUF was anti-communist, protectionist, technocratic, and proposed replacing parliamentary democracy with executives elected to represent specific industries, trades or other professional interest groups—a system similar to the corporatism of the Italian fascists. Britain was to remain a democracy, although the House of Lords was to be replaced with a Senate consisting of \"notables\" from all spheres of public life appointed by the King on the advice of the fascist Prime Minister and the House of Commons was to be renamed the \"Chamber of Corporations\" and would consist of occupationally","title":"British Union of Fascists"},{"psg_id":"7883448","text":"When William Came When William Came: A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns is a novel written by the British author Saki (the pseudonym of Hector Hugh Munro) and published in November 1913. It is set several years in what was then the future, after a war between Germany and Great Britain in which the former won. The \"William\" of the book's title is Kaiser Wilhelm II of the House of Hohenzollern. The book chronicles life in London under German occupation and the changes that come with a foreign army's invasion and triumph. Like Robert Erskine Childers's novel \"The Riddle","title":"When William Came"},{"psg_id":"7883450","text":"systems of law - Yeovil's wife informs him that she must register his presence with the police and later he is fined on the spot for walking on the grass in Hyde Park. In another episode, he finds himself unintentionally but unavoidably fraternising with one of the invaders. It has been collected in: It has been reprinted with When William Came When William Came: A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns is a novel written by the British author Saki (the pseudonym of Hector Hugh Munro) and published in November 1913. It is set several years in what was then","title":"When William Came"},{"psg_id":"9492575","text":"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock market. Unfortunately matters are complicated when a financial adviser named Charles Tully is murdered in a car park late at night and","title":"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?"},{"psg_id":"7839306","text":"of East Germany. In recent years, concern mounted as to the amount of vandalism and graffiti inflicted on the monument. In 2004, a German company agreed to sponsor the maintenance of the monument. In 2005, the memorial was defaced with neo-Nazi slogans. The monument is frequently used for skateboarding. Memorial to Polish Soldiers and German Anti-Fascists The Memorial to Polish Soldiers and German Anti-Fascists (; ) is a war memorial in Berlin, dedicated in 1972. Built by the German Democratic Republic during the division of Germany, it is today the principal German monument to the Polish soldiers who died in","title":"Memorial to Polish Soldiers and German Anti-Fascists"},{"psg_id":"9829397","text":"asked \"the Italian people to fight against the German invaders and against their fascists lackeys\". In late November, the Communists established task forces called \"distaccamenti d'assalto Garibaldi\" which later would become \"brigades\" and \"divisions\" whose leadership was entrusted to Luigi Longo, under the political direction of Pietro Secchia and Giancarlo Pajetta, Chief of Staff. The first operational order dated 25 November ordered the partisans to: Shortly after the Armistice, the Italian Communist Party, the \"Gruppi di Azione Patriottica\" (\"Patriotic Action Groups\") or simply \"GAP\", established small cells whose main purpose was to unleash urban terror through bomb attacks against fascists,","title":"Italian Civil War"},{"psg_id":"17110749","text":"clear that their propaganda predicting such an outcome was about to come true. They were, however, not permitted to join the Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies (OMS), a group established by the government and chaired by Lord Hardinge to mobilise a non-striking workforce in the event of general strike, without first relinquishing any explicit attachment to fascism, as the government insisted this group remain non-ideological. The structure of the OMS was actually based on that of the British Fascists, but the government was unwilling to rely on the British Fascists because of what they saw as the group's unorthodox","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"14003795","text":"Four people died when fire was opened on the protesters. The Fascists invested heavily in promoting Italian culture in Malta. They were making overtures to a minority who not only loved Italy's language but also saw Malta as a geographical extension of the Italian mainland. Malta was described as \"the extreme end of Italian soil\" (Senator Caruana Gatto who represented the nobility in the Maltese in 1923). The battle, however, was still being fought in largely cultural terms, as the \"Language Question\" on the role of Italian in education. This led to the revoking (the second) of the Maltese Constitution","title":"Italian irredentism in Malta"},{"psg_id":"17110752","text":"group also became ravaged by factionalism, with one group following Lady Downe and the old ways of the British Fascists and another centred around James Strachey Barnes and Sir Harold Elsdale Goad advocating full commitment to a proper fascist ideology. Having been hit hard by the split from the General Strike the British Fascists attempted to move gradually towards a more defined fascism, starting in 1927 by adopting a blue shirt and beret uniform in the style of similar movements in Europe. That same year they attempted to organise a Remembrance Day parade past Buckingham Palace where they requested the","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"14003796","text":"in 1934 over the Government's budgetary vote for the teaching of Italian in elementary schools. Italian was eventually dropped from official language status in Malta in 1934, its place being taken by Maltese. Italian ceased to be taught at all levels of education and the language of instruction at the University of Malta and the Law Courts. In 1935 there were manifestations against all these decisions, promoted by the Maltese fascists: the Nationalist Party declared that most of the Maltese population was supporting directly or indirectly the Italian Maltese's struggle. But when Italy entered the war on the side of","title":"Italian irredentism in Malta"},{"psg_id":"7808360","text":"quoted Medieval Italian scholar Petrarch who said: \"The border of Italy is the Var; consequently Nice is a part of Italy\". The Fascists quoted Italian national hero Giuseppe Garibaldi who said: \"Corsica and Nice must not belong to France; there will come the day when an Italy mindful of its true worth will reclaim its provinces now so shamefully languishing under foreign domination\". Mussolini initially pursued promoting annexation of Corsica through political and diplomatic means, believing that Corsica could be annexed to Italy through first encouraging the existing autonomist tendencies in Corsica and then independence of Corsica from France, that","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"9492580","text":"of several TV series of the 1970 era under the title Retro-Action 1 - The cool age of TV in High Definition. When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock","title":"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?"},{"psg_id":"7808419","text":"state we want to establish will be national and social in the highest sense of the word; that is, it will be Fascist, thus returning to our origins\". The Fascists at this point did not denounce the House of Savoy in the entirety of its history and credited Victor Emmanuel II for his rejection of \"scornfully dishonourable pacts\" and denounced Victor Emmanuel III for betraying Victor Emmanuel II by entering a dishonourable pact with the Allies. The relationship between Italian Fascism and the Catholic Church was mixed, as originally was highly anti-clerical and hostile to Catholicism, though from the mid","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"10143288","text":"Minister. Vërlaci controlled the day-to-day activities of the Italian protectorate. On 3 December 1941, Shefqet Vërlaci was replaced as Prime Minister and Head of Government by Mustafa Merlika-Kruja. The country's natural resources too came under direct control of Italy. All petroleum resources in Albania went through Agip, Italy's state petroleum company. Albania was important culturally and historically to the nationalist aims of the Italian Fascists, as the territory of Albania had long been part of the Roman Empire, even prior to the annexation of northern Italy by the Romans. Later, during the High Middle Ages some coastal areas (like Durazzo)","title":"Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)"},{"psg_id":"10477584","text":"When Andrew Came Home When Andrew Came Home or Taming Andrew (as released in the UK) is a 2000 American drama television film, based on a true story and directed by Artie Mandelberg. On the Fourth of July, Gail is forced by the courts to hand over her five-year-old son, Andrew, to his father Ted for the weekend. Ted arrives with his young girlfriend, Pattie, and seems jealous over the relationship Gail's boyfriend, Eddie, has with Andrew. Despite her maternal instinct, Gail gives her son to her ex-husband, who promises to return him on time as he always does. When","title":"When Andrew Came Home"},{"psg_id":"9539890","text":"American Fascists American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America is a non-fiction book by American Pulitzer Prize journalist Chris Hedges, published in January 2007. Hedges is a former seminary student with a master's degree in divinity from Harvard Divinity School and was a long-time foreign correspondent for \"The New York Times\". \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote of the book: Francine Prose of O, The Oprah Magazine wrote: Rick Perlstein of \"The New York Times\" writes: Joe Bailey of the \"Oregon Daily Emerald\" wrote that Hedges: Some critics have asked, \"Where is all this violence Hedges warns us about\"? In","title":"American Fascists"},{"psg_id":"1505510","text":"British Union of Fascists The British Union of Fascists, or BUF, was a fascist political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley. It changed its name to the British Union of Fascists and National Socialists in 1936 and, in 1937, to British Union. It was finally disbanded in 1940, after it was proscribed by the British government following the start of the Second World War. The BUF emerged in 1932 from the British far-right, following the electoral defeat of its antecedent, the New Party, in the 1931 general election. The BUF's foundation was initially met with","title":"British Union of Fascists"},{"psg_id":"1505526","text":"of operation the BUF attracted prominent members and supporters. These included: British Union of Fascists The British Union of Fascists, or BUF, was a fascist political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley. It changed its name to the British Union of Fascists and National Socialists in 1936 and, in 1937, to British Union. It was finally disbanded in 1940, after it was proscribed by the British government following the start of the Second World War. The BUF emerged in 1932 from the British far-right, following the electoral defeat of its antecedent, the New Party, in","title":"British Union of Fascists"},{"psg_id":"2926636","text":"Canadian Union of Fascists The Canadian Fascist Party was a fascist political party based in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in the 1930s. The formative core of the party was a splinter group from the Canadian Nationalist Party that found the principles of corporativism to be more important than the largely racial motivations of the Nationalist Party. This disposition is highlighted in one official statement that \"anti-semitism was a symptom of Germany not of Fascism\". The party was founded as the British Empire Union of Fascists and was affiliated with the British Union of Fascists. It later became known","title":"Canadian Union of Fascists"},{"psg_id":"9539891","text":"this CSPAN2 BookTV video, Hedges in the Q&A session, after his 27-minute formal presentation, discusses what is the structural violence wreaked since the emergence of corporate-statism two generations ago. American Fascists American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America is a non-fiction book by American Pulitzer Prize journalist Chris Hedges, published in January 2007. Hedges is a former seminary student with a master's degree in divinity from Harvard Divinity School and was a long-time foreign correspondent for \"The New York Times\". \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote of the book: Francine Prose of O, The Oprah Magazine wrote: Rick Perlstein of","title":"American Fascists"},{"psg_id":"6985859","text":"When Captain Dumont joins his Chaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the German commander with a great smile. The movie received a great success in France reaching the third best selling movie in 1974. Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to? Now Where Did the 7th Company Get To? () is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux. The film portraya the adventures of three French soldiers lost somewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France. During the Battle of France, while German forces are spreading across the country,","title":"Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?"},{"psg_id":"8971830","text":"the killing of fascists by Soviet sniper Lyudmila Pavlichenko in his song \"Miss Pavlichenko\" which includes the lines, \"You lift up your sight and down comes a hun, and more than three hundred nazidogs fell by your gun.\" This machine kills fascists \"This Machine Kills Fascists\" is a message that Woody Guthrie placed on his guitar in 1941, which inspired many subsequent artists. Soon after moving into a small fourth-floor walk-up apartment in Manhattan, Guthrie wrote the war song \"Talking Hitler's Head Off Blues\". This was printed in the \"Daily Worker\" newspaper: then \"In a fit of patriotism and faith","title":"This machine kills fascists"},{"psg_id":"17110756","text":"their attempts to form a distinctly British version of Fascism, and instead adopted the full programme of Mussolini and his National Fascist Party. The already weakened group split further in 1932 over the issue of a merger with Oswald Mosley's New Party. The proposal was accepted by Neil Francis Hawkins of the Headquarters Committee and his allies Lieutenant-Colonel H.W. Johnson and E.G. Mandeville Roe although the female leadership turned the proposal down due to objections over serving under Mosley. Indeed, the British Fascists had protested against public meetings being addressed by Mosley as early as 1927 when they denounced the","title":"British Fascists"},{"psg_id":"10307673","text":"When I Came Home When I Came Home is a 2006 documentary directed by Dan Lohaus about homeless veterans in the United States - from those who served in Vietnam to those returning from the Iraq War. The film won the \"New York Loves Film Best Documentary\" Award at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival. The film looks at the challenges faced by returning combat veterans and the battle many must fight against the Veterans Administration for the benefits promised to them. Through the story of Herold Noel, an Iraq War veteran suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and living out of","title":"When I Came Home"},{"psg_id":"7808358","text":"Albania with Italian settlers from the Italian Peninsula to gradually transform it into an Italian land. The Fascist regime claimed the Ionian Islands as Italian territory on the basis that the islands had belonged to the Venetian Republic from the mid-14th until the late 18th century. To the west of Italy, the Fascists claimed that the territories of Corsica, Nice and Savoy held by France were Italian lands. During the period of Italian unification in 1860 to 1861, Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was leading the unification effort, faced opposition from French Emperor Napoleon III","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"10802423","text":"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? is a book by biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever detailing his response to the claims of minimalists to the historicity and value of the Hebrew Bible. Dever's book is a response to recent trends in biblical scholarship and biblical archaeology which question whether the bible can be used as a reliable tool for interpreting history. The book begins with Dever's explanation of the \"minimalist\" position, which holds that the bible is a product of","title":"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?"},{"psg_id":"10207141","text":"hid\"..\"If you loved me with all of your heart/You'd never take a million dollars to part\". He would use the instrumental of this song as both an instrumental track (with several Gaye ad-libs) and as the reprise of the album to end it. The song served as the template for Daryl Hall's song \"Stop Loving Me, Stop Loving You,\" from his 1993 solo album, \"Soul Alone.\" After being played the song by a friend and thinking it was an unreleased bootleg, Hall reworked the tune as a standard-structured R&B/pop song. When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop","title":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You"},{"psg_id":"7808397","text":"of Jewish identity in Italy as a result of conflicting national loyalties amongst Zionist Jews by saying: The Fascists at this time were not wholly opposed to Zionism, but took an instrumental approach to it as they were hostile to it when it caused conflict in Italy with the country's Catholic community and when such Zionists were seen as associated with British interests, though they were favourable to Zionists who opposed the British and sought Italy's support as their protector. In the early 1930s, Mussolini held discussions with Zionist leadership figures over proposals to encourage the emigration of Italian Jews","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"10207140","text":"how optimistic he seemed, he always reflected back on his marriage to Anna and how at one point, she called the cops on him for a domestic dispute. The title is not spoken until the final verse, when Marvin croons in his trademark falsetto about where did the love go in their relationship. Written and produced solely by the artist himself, the song was unusual for having no distinct melody, no bridge and no distinct chorus and for its length. However, it did have near melodic consistencies, such as \"Memories of the things we did/Some we're proud of, some we","title":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You"},{"psg_id":"9829393","text":"Italian Civil War The Italian Civil War (Italian: \"La guerra civile\") is the period between September 8, 1943 (the date of the armistice of Cassibile), and May 2, 1945 (the date of the surrender of German forces in Italy) in which the Italian Resistance and the Italian Co-Belligerent Army joined the allies fighting Axis forces including continuing Italian Fascists Italian Social Republic. Claudio Pavone's book \"Una guerra civile. Saggio storico sulla moralità della Resistenza\" (\"A Civil War. Historical Essay On the Morality Of the Resistance\"), published in 1991, led the term \"Italian Civil War\" to become a widespread term used","title":"Italian Civil War"},{"psg_id":"19736805","text":"associations based in Massachusetts, including in Lawrence, Lowell, and Worcester. The Boston fascists had their own Italian-language newspaper, \"Giovinezza\" (Youth). In the thirties, pro-fascist radio commentator Ubaldo Guidi, who broadcast on WCOP in Boston, was a local favorite. In 1942, when restrictions on nonnaturalized Italians were lifted, Louis Lyons of \"The Boston Globe\" reported: Mussolini, whose picture used to hang in the kitchen in a great proportion of Italian homes in the North End, has lost face everywhere ... But the symbol, next to the service flag, now most common in Italian kitchens is a red, white and blue bunting","title":"History of Italian Americans in Boston"},{"psg_id":"10950371","text":"Italy had seized the chance to occupy the southern half of Albania, to avoid it being captured by the Austro-Hungarians. That success did not last long, as Albanian resistance during the subsequent Vlora War and post-war domestic problems forced Italy to pull out in 1920. The desire to compensate for this failure would be one of Mussolini's major motives in invading Albania. Albania was important culturally and historically to the nationalist aims of the Italian Fascists, as the territory of Albania had long been part of the Roman Empire, even prior to the annexation of northern Italy by the Romans.","title":"Italian invasion of Albania"},{"psg_id":"5502117","text":"other illegal activities as well. When the Fascists came to power in Italy, they made the destruction of the Mafia in Sicily a high priority. Hundreds fled to the U.S. in the 1920s and 1930s to avoid prosecution. When the United States enacted Prohibition in 1920, the restrictions proved to be an economic windfall for those in the Italian-American community already involved in illegal activities, and those who had fled from Sicily. They smuggled liquor into the country, wholesaled and sold it through a network of outlets and speakeasies. While other ethnic groups were also deeply involved in these illegal","title":"Anti-Italianism"},{"psg_id":"7808394","text":"the Fascists' March on Rome in 1922. In the early 1920s, Mussolini was cautious on topics of Italian Jewish financiers that arose from time to time from antisemitic elements in the Fascist movement, while he regarded them as untrustworthy he believed that he could draw them to his side. In 1932, Mussolini made his private attitude about Jews known to the Austrian ambassador when discussing the issue by saying: \"I have no love for the Jews, but they have great influence everywhere. It is better to leave them alone. Hitler's antisemitism has already brought him more enemies than is necessary\".","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"7808438","text":"could not control Italy, the Fascist Revolutionary Party (\"Partito Fascista Rivoluzionario\", PFR) leader Mussolini took matters in hand, combating those issues with the Blackshirts, paramilitary squads of First World War veterans and ex socialists when Prime Ministers such as Giovanni Giolitti allowed the Fascists taking the law in hand. The violence between socialists and the mostly self-organized squadristi militias, especially in the countryside, had increased so dramatically that Mussolini was pressured to call a truce to bring about “reconciliation with the Socialists”. Signed in early August 1921, Mussolini and the Italian Socialist Party (PNF) agreed to the Pact of Pacification,","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"11047875","text":"be considered a threat to the development of national consciousness. As a result of this the first eighty or ninety years of Italian history characterizes non-Italian speaking minorities as intruders in the national domain; who were to be given no official existence. This is significant once it is considered that the Italian state began its life in 1861 without a common language. Most of the population could not speak, what is today considered, Italian. Out of a population of 35 million at least 31 million were not included in the, not-so, common language. When the fascist regime came to power","title":"History of Italian citizenship"},{"psg_id":"7808428","text":"of the five men arrested, Amerigo Dumini, also known as \"Il Sicario del Duce\" (\"The Leader's Assassin\"), was sentenced to five years' imprisonment, but served only eleven months and was freed under amnesty from King Victor Emmanuel III. Moreover, when the King supported Prime Minister Mussolini the socialists quit Parliament in protest, leaving the Fascists to govern unopposed. In that time, assassination was not yet the \"modus operandi\" norm and the Italian Fascist \"Duce\" usually disposed of opponents in the Imperial Roman way: political arrest punished with island banishment. After the First World War (1914–1918), despite the Kingdom of Italy","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"7808355","text":"rule had been beneficial for all Dalmatians and had been accepted by the Dalmatian population. The Fascists were outraged after World War I, when the agreement between Italy and the Entente Allies in the Treaty of London of 1915 to have Dalmatia join Italy was revoked in 1919. The Fascist regime supported annexation of Yugoslavia's region of Slovenia into Italy that already held a portion of the Slovene population, whereby Slovenia would become an Italian province, resulting in a quarter of Slovene ethnic territory and approximately 327,000 out of total population of 1.3 million Slovenes being subjected to forced Italianization.","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"3427290","text":"consequently Nice is a part of Italy\". The Fascists quoted Italian national hero Giuseppe Garibaldi, a native of Nizza (Nice) himself, who said: \"Corsica and Nice must not belong to France; there will come the day when an Italy mindful of its true worth will reclaim its provinces now so shamefully languishing under foreign domination\". Mussolini initially pursued promoting annexation of Corsica through political and diplomatic means, believing that Corsica could be annexed to Italy through Italy first encouraging the existing autonomist tendencies in Corsica and then independence of Corsica from France, that would be followed by annexation of Corsica","title":"Italian irredentism"},{"psg_id":"7808437","text":"\"Arditi\" were soldiers who were specifically trained for a life of violence and wore unique blackshirt uniforms and fezzes. The \"Arditi\" formed a national organization in November 1918, the \"Associazione fra gli Arditi d'Italia\", which by mid-1919 had about twenty thousand young men within it. Mussolini appealed to the \"Arditi\" and the Fascists' \"Squadristi\", developed after the war, were based upon the \"Arditi\". The First World War (1914–1918) inflated Italy's economy with great debts, unemployment (aggravated by thousands of demobilised soldiers), social discontent featuring strikes, organised crime and anarchist, socialist and communist insurrections. When the elected Italian Liberal Party Government","title":"Italian Fascism"},{"psg_id":"725566","text":"long trek across Italy to Rome (the March on Rome), claiming that Fascists were intending to restore law and order. The Fascists demanded Prime Minister Luigi Facta's resignation and that Mussolini be named to the post. Although the Italian Army was far better armed than the Fascist militias, the liberal system and King Victor Emmanuel III were facing a deeper political crisis. The King was forced to choose which of the two rival movements in Italy would form the government: Mussolini's Fascists, or the marxist Italian Socialist Party. He selected the Fascists. Upon taking power, Mussolini formed a coalition with","title":"History of Italy"},{"psg_id":"11134466","text":"Italian irredentism in Nice Italian irredentism in Nice was the political movement supporting the annexation of the County of Nice to the Kingdom of Italy. The term was coined by Italian Irredentists. According to some Italian nationalists and fascists like Ermanno Amicucci, Italian- and Ligurian-speaking populations of the County of Nice () formed the majority of the county's population until the mid-19th century. However, French nationalists and linguists argue that both Occitan and Ligurian languages were spoken in the County of Nice. During the Italian unification, in 1860, the House of Savoy allowed the Second French Empire to annex Nice","title":"Italian irredentism in Nice"},{"psg_id":"10802427","text":"up the argument of the book, stating that there was an ancient Israel, that the bible was written from a genuine historical core, and that archaeology can identify this core and prevent Israel from being \"written out of history\". The book received mixed reviews. Conservative scholars commended Dever for his critique on minimalism but were disappointed by his failure to defend the historicity of the bible prior to the age of David and Solomon. Others chided his inability to distance himself from his obsessions: What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical","title":"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?"},{"psg_id":"11134481","text":"few of them still speak the original Niçard language of \"Nissa La Bella\". Italian irredentism in Nice Italian irredentism in Nice was the political movement supporting the annexation of the County of Nice to the Kingdom of Italy. The term was coined by Italian Irredentists. According to some Italian nationalists and fascists like Ermanno Amicucci, Italian- and Ligurian-speaking populations of the County of Nice () formed the majority of the county's population until the mid-19th century. However, French nationalists and linguists argue that both Occitan and Ligurian languages were spoken in the County of Nice. During the Italian unification, in","title":"Italian irredentism in Nice"},{"psg_id":"6665080","text":"of Zahumlje and Raška was abolished and its territory added to this eparchy. In 1938. Metropolitan Gavrilo Dožić of Montenegro was elected Serbian Patriarch. During the Second World War, and after the Communists came to power in 1945, the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral suffered persecution at the hands of the new regime. Communists killed 105 priests and thousands of patriotic Serbs. Fifteen other priests were killed by fascists. The Metropolitan of Montenegro, Joanikije (Lipovac), was executed by communists in 1945 for having collaborated with occupying Italian and German forces and with the Serbian Chetniks. The new regime","title":"Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808415\",\n \"text\": \"Fascists publicly identified King Victor Emmanuel II – the first King of a reunited Italy who had initiated the \\\"Risorgimento\\\" – along with other historic Italian figures such as Gaius Marius, Julius Caesar, Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi and others, for being within a tradition of dictatorship in Italy that the Fascists declared that they emulated. However, this compromise with the monarchy did not yield a cordial relationship between the King and Mussolini. Although Mussolini had formally accepted the monarchy, he pursued and largely achieved reducing the power of the King to that of a figurehead.\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1150181\",\n \"text\": \"by police statistics of the early 20th century in Boston and New York City which show that Italian immigrants had an arrest rate no greater than that of other major immigrant groups, a very small minority brought a very different custom. This criminal element preyed on the immigrants of the Little Italies, using intimidation and threats to extract protection money from the wealthier immigrants and shop owners, and were also involved in a multitude of other illegal activities. When the Fascists came to power in Italy, they made the destruction of the Mafia in Sicily a high priority. Hundreds fled\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Americans\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808413\",\n \"text\": \"Fascist government in public ceremonies rose the national tricolour flag along with a Fascist black flag. However, years later and after Mussolini was forced from power by the King in 1943 only to be rescued by German forces, the Italian Social Republic founded by Mussolini and the Fascists did incorporate the fasces on the state's war flag, which was a variant of the Italian tricolour national flag. The issue of the rule of monarchy or republic in Italy was an issue that changed several times through the development of Italian Fascism, as initially Italian Fascism was republican and denounced the\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13344444\",\n \"text\": \"circus. While adapting to her new life, she finds herself challenged, and in the end, happy with her new life. When the Circus Came to Town When the Circus Came to Town is a 1981 American made-for-television drama film directed by Boris Sagal and starring Elizabeth Montgomery, Christopher Plummer, and Eileen Brennan. It originally aired on CBS as a \\\"Movie of the Week\\\" on January 20, 1981. \\\"When the Circus Came to Town\\\" chronicles the life of Mary Flynn (Montgomery), a woman nearing middle age living in a small town. When the circus comes through town, she realizes nothing will\",\n \"title\": \"When the Circus Came to Town\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13344443\",\n \"text\": \"When the Circus Came to Town When the Circus Came to Town is a 1981 American made-for-television drama film directed by Boris Sagal and starring Elizabeth Montgomery, Christopher Plummer, and Eileen Brennan. It originally aired on CBS as a \\\"Movie of the Week\\\" on January 20, 1981. \\\"When the Circus Came to Town\\\" chronicles the life of Mary Flynn (Montgomery), a woman nearing middle age living in a small town. When the circus comes through town, she realizes nothing will ever change unless she does something different, so she leaves her boring sheltered life to run away and join the\",\n \"title\": \"When the Circus Came to Town\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14571441\",\n \"text\": \"on \\\"fascism in motion.\\\" A major example of such fluidity in Italian fascism occurred when Benito Mussolini, once a leading member of the Italian Socialist Party, turned sharply to the political Right after his national \\\"syndicalist\\\" Fascio suffered a huge defeat in the Italian elections of 1919. Soucy is also critical of definitions of fascism that require fascists—in order to be considered fascists—to behave before they came to power in as \\\"totalitarian\\\" a fashion as they had after they came to power (both Mussolini and Hitler had once been electoral politicians). For Soucy, too many historians have attempted to white-wash\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Soucy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808353\",\n \"text\": \"Italian Empire as a \\\"Third Rome\\\", identifying ancient Rome as the \\\"First Rome\\\" and Renaissance-era Italy as the \\\"Second Rome\\\". Italian Fascism has emulated ancient Rome and Mussolini in particular emulated ancient Roman leaders, such as Julius Caesar as a model for the Fascists' rise to power and Augustus as a model for empire-building. Italian Fascism has directly promoted imperialism, such as within the \\\"Doctrine of Fascism\\\" (1932), ghostwritten by Giovanni Gentile on behalf of Mussolini: Fascism emphasized the need for the restoration of the Mazzinian \\\"Risorgimento\\\" tradition that pursued the unification of Italy, that the Fascists claimed had been\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110748\",\n \"text\": \"to set up in the city as a result. Despite its close association with elements of the Conservative Party, the British Fascists did occasionally put up candidates in local elections. In 1924 two of its candidates in the municipal elections in Stamford, Lincolnshire, Arnold Leese and Henry Simpson, managed to secure election to the local council. Simpson would retain his seat in 1927 although by that stage both he and Leese had broken from the British Fascists. The British Fascists began to take on a more prominent role in the run-up to the General Strike of 1926, as it became\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110738\",\n \"text\": \"British Fascists The British Fascists were the first political organisation in the United Kingdom to claim the label of fascist. While the group had more in common with conservatism for much of its existence, it nonetheless was the first to self-describe as fascist in Britain. William Joyce, Neil Francis Hawkins, Maxwell Knight and Arnold Leese were amongst those to have passed through the movement as members and activists. They were formed in 1923 by Rotha Lintorn-Orman in the aftermath of Benito Mussolini's March on Rome, and originally operated under the Italian-sounding name British Fascisti. Despite their name the group had\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110746\",\n \"text\": \"a call for a reduction in income tax so that the well-off could hire more servants and so reduce unemployment. The group changed its name from British Fascisti to British Fascists in 1924 in an attempt to distance itself from the Italian associations, although this move helped to bring about a split in the group with a more ideologically fascist group, the National Fascisti, going its own way. The group's patriotism had been questioned because of the Italian spelling of the name, while accusations were also made that it was in the pay of the Italian government. Placing emphasis on\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110758\",\n \"text\": \"Fascists' membership had plummeted with only a hardcore of members left. Various schemes were floated in an attempt to reinvigorate the movement although none succeeded. Archibald Whitmore announced a plan to turn the British Fascists into an Ulster loyalist group and successor to the Ulster Volunteers although, after claiming that he was preparing to begin recruitment in Northern Ireland, nothing came of this. The scheme had been led by Mrs D. G. Harnett, a close friend of Lintorn-Orman, who hoped the BF could profit from the emergence of prominent Irish republican Éamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"287111\",\n \"text\": \"power in Italy, the National Fascist Party, under the leadership of the charismatic Benito Mussolini. The Fascists, like the Nazis, promoted a national rebirth of their country, as they opposed communism and liberalism; appealed to the working-class; opposed the Treaty of Versailles; and advocated the territorial expansion of their country. The Italian Fascists used a straight-armed Roman salute and wore black-shirted uniforms. Hitler was inspired by Mussolini and the Fascists, borrowing their use of the straight-armed salute as a Nazi salute. When the Fascists came to power in 1922 in Italy through their coup attempt called the \\\"March on Rome\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Nazi Party\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7983392\",\n \"text\": \"the late 19th and early 20th centuries received land grants from the Mexican government. When Benito Mussolini came to power, thousands of Italian families left Italy for Mexico. In the state of Aguascalientes there is a large population of Mexicans of Italian descent, the result of the French incursion and the creation of the Second Mexican Empire. The regions with the greatest populations of Mexican Italians are Mexico City, Monterrey, Puebla, and Veracruz. Although Italo-Mexicans claim an Italian ethnic identity, they generally note that they are Mexican as well. In 1995, there were an estimated 30,000 Mexicans descended from Italian\",\n \"title\": \"Italian immigration to Mexico\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5574078\",\n \"text\": \"Socialists and the rising Fascists instigators of political violence on opposite sides. In this chaotic situation, the Liberals founded the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) in 1922, which immediately joined an alliance led by Fascists and formed with them a joint list for the 1924 general election, transforming the Fascists from a small political force into an absolute-majority party. The PLI was banned by Benito Mussolini in 1925, while many old Liberal politicians were given prestigious, but not influential, political posts, such as seats in the Senate, which was stripped of any real power by Fascist reforms. The PLI was re-founded\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Liberal Party\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6489793\",\n \"text\": \"Volata Volata (\\\"flow\\\") is a code of football developed and promoted by Italian fascists for a brief period during the late 1920s and early 1930s, in an attempt to displace sports with non-Italian origins, such as association football (soccer) and rugby union. Association football was popular in Italy when the fascists came to power in 1921. Rugby union was a new and relatively minor sport, but also growing in popularity. Although the fascists idealized association football for its contribution to physical fitness, it was also seen at the time as an \\\"English game\\\" (because the rules had been codified by\",\n \"title\": \"Volata\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6071848\",\n \"text\": \"When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town () is a 1955 Norwegian children's book written and illustrated by Thorbjørn Egner, which tells the story of Kardemomme by (Cardamom Town). It is considered as one of the most important Norwegian children's books. The book includes many songs which are connected to the story. The story is well adapted for playing as a theatre act with musical elements. The book is about the peaceful town of Kardemomme and the people there, as well as the only characters which stir up serious trouble. They are the\",\n \"title\": \"When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17281162\",\n \"text\": \"When Ali Came to Ireland When Ali Came to Ireland is a 2012 Irish documentary film directed by Ross Whitaker. It tells the story of how Killorglin-born circus strongman and publican, Michael \\\"Butty\\\" Sugrue, put up £300,000 and persuaded Muhammad Ali to make his first visit to Ireland to fight against Alvin Lewis in Croke Park on 19 July 1972. Ali went to Ireland with an entourage on 11 July 1972 to spend time training for the fight. While there, he was interviewed for RTÉ Television by Cathal O'Shannon and was taught the rudiments of hurling by Eddie Keher. Ali\",\n \"title\": \"When Ali Came to Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17281160\",\n \"text\": \"When Ali Came to Ireland When Ali Came to Ireland is a 2012 Irish documentary film directed by Ross Whitaker. It tells the story of how Killorglin-born circus strongman and publican, Michael \\\"Butty\\\" Sugrue, put up £300,000 and persuaded Muhammad Ali to make his first visit to Ireland to fight against Alvin Lewis in Croke Park on 19 July 1972. Ali went to Ireland with an entourage on 11 July 1972 to spend time training for the fight. While there, he was interviewed for RTÉ Television by Cathal O'Shannon and was taught the rudiments of hurling by Eddie Keher. Ali\",\n \"title\": \"When Ali Came to Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1505520\",\n \"text\": \"1940, the BUF was banned outright by the government and Mosley, along with 740 other fascists, was interned for much of the Second World War. After the war, Mosley made several unsuccessful attempts to return to politics, notably in the Union Movement. Mosley, known to his followers as The Leader, modelled his leadership style on Benito Mussolini and the BUF on Mussolini's National Fascist Party in Italy, the uniform chosen for members was a black fencing jacket, its colour in honour of the Italian Fascists' uniforms and its cut a nod to Mosley's proficiency at the sport. The uniform earned\",\n \"title\": \"British Union of Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110760\",\n \"text\": \"stance. Plans for a merger with the IFL did not get off the ground and plans for a merger with Graham Seton Hutchison's National Workers Party were also abandoned when it became clear that, far from having the 20,000 members in Mansfield alone that Seton Hutchison claimed, the party was little more than a one-man show. In a bid to reverse its decline the party adopted a strongly anti-semitic platform. Thurlow notes: 'it was noticeable that the BF became increasingly anti-semitic in its death throes.' In 1933 Lord and Lady Downe, as representatives of the British Fascists, entertained Nazi German\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11047864\",\n \"text\": \"Fascist Party, or PNF, achieved this through sanctifying politics, “integrating the masses into the nation through the use of faith based rituals and symbols centered on a new fascist religion.” The Italian Fascists also claimed a monopoly over the representation of “Italianness”; an Italian national was defined by his participation in the PNF. As a result, the liberal nationalist ideal which incorporated all Italians into the state; despite religion, ethnicity or ideology, was swept away by the totalitarian state ideal. Only Fascists were considered \\\"True Italians\\\" and only these individuals were granted a \\\"Complete Citizenship.\\\" Those who did not swear\",\n \"title\": \"History of Italian citizenship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7801422\",\n \"text\": \"When the Whales Came When the Whales Came is a 1989 British film, based on the 1985 children's book \\\"Why the Whales Came\\\" written by Michael Morpurgo. The film is set on the fictional British island of Scylla, while the location of the book is explicitly identified as Bryher, one of the Isles of Scilly. Two children named Gracie Jenkins and Daniel Pender are best friends living on the island of Bryher. They enjoy sailing wooden boats that they make off the numerous beaches, but the tide carries their favorite one across to a forbidden bay. This is the home\",\n \"title\": \"When the Whales Came\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808349\",\n \"text\": \"subsequent Italian neo-fascist movements. Italian Fascism was rooted in Italian nationalism, national syndicalism, revolutionary nationalism, and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed necessary for a nation to assert its superiority and strength and to avoid succumbing to decay. Italian Fascists also claimed that modern Italy is the heir to ancient Rome and its legacy and historically supported the creation of an Italian Empire to provide \\\"spazio vitale\\\" (\\\"living space\\\") for colonization by Italian settlers and to establish control over the Mediterranean Sea. Italian Fascism promoted a corporatist economic system whereby employer and employee syndicates\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3427288\",\n \"text\": \"claimed that Dalmatia was a land of Italian culture whose Italians, including those of Italianized South Slavic descent, had been driven out of Dalmatia and into exile in Italy, and supported the return of Italians of Dalmatian heritage. Mussolini identified Dalmatia as having strong Italian cultural roots for centuries via the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice. The Fascists especially focused their claims based on the Venetian cultural heritage of Dalmatia, claiming that Venetian rule had been beneficial for all Dalmatians and had been accepted by the Dalmatian population. The Fascists were outraged after World War I, when the\",\n \"title\": \"Italian irredentism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17008719\",\n \"text\": \"which at first saw the Jews as Italians—just like the Italian Jews—began to consider them as indigenous Muslims. In 1934, after the fascists' rise to power, Italo Balbo was appointed as the governor-general of Italian Libya. He developed the “Italian colony” and, like many fascists, saw it as symbol of Italy’s returning to the greatness of the Roman Empire—the last time that Italy controlled Libya. During his term in office, the process of modernizing Jewish communities accelerated, and Jews took part in government establishments. Balbo respected the Jewish tradition so long as it did not prevent the progress he brought\",\n \"title\": \"Jews of Libya during the Holocaust\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7801432\",\n \"text\": \"The curse is lifted by the islanders and Gracie, Jack and Clem return home celebrating their experiences. When the Whales Came When the Whales Came is a 1989 British film, based on the 1985 children's book \\\"Why the Whales Came\\\" written by Michael Morpurgo. The film is set on the fictional British island of Scylla, while the location of the book is explicitly identified as Bryher, one of the Isles of Scilly. Two children named Gracie Jenkins and Daniel Pender are best friends living on the island of Bryher. They enjoy sailing wooden boats that they make off the numerous\",\n \"title\": \"When the Whales Came\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808412\",\n \"text\": \"and the exercise of power. Other traditional symbols of ancient Rome used by the Fascists included the she-wolf of Rome. The fasces and the she-wolf symbolized the shared Roman heritage of all the regions that constituted the Italian nation. In 1926, the fasces was adopted by the Fascist government of Italy as a symbol of the state. In that year, the Fascist government attempted to have the Italian national flag redesigned to incorporate the fasces on it. However, this attempt to incorporate the fasces on the flag was stopped by strong opposition to the proposal by Italian monarchists. Afterwards, the\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6071850\",\n \"text\": \"of a theme park in Kristiansand Zoo in 1991. Thorbjørn Egner lived to see the theme park under construction, but not to see it completed. Law of Cardamom () is the only law in Cardamom Town. The law is simple and liberal: Some of the songs from the book/play were issued on the EP album \\\"Kardemommeviser\\\" in 1955. The 1975 album \\\"Folk og røvere i Kardemomme by\\\" (with Egner playing the \\\"Jonathan\\\" character) was awarded the Spellemann award. The book was made into a film in 1988, directed by Bente Erichsen. When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town When the\",\n \"title\": \"When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8388730\",\n \"text\": \"was shot in the cities of Austin and Granger in Texas. When Zachary Beaver Came to Town When Zachary Beaver Came to Town is a 2003 comedy-drama film starring Jonathan Lipnicki and Cody Linley. It was adapted from a National Book Award-winning children's novel of the same name by Kimberly Willis Holt. One summer in the small, sleepy town of Granger, Texas, Toby Wilson's life changes. Toby (Jonathan Lipnicki) is a boy who lives with his parents, but his mother runs off to Nashville to try to become a singer. Later, he and his best friend Cal McKnight (Cody Linley)\",\n \"title\": \"When Zachary Beaver Came to Town\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8388726\",\n \"text\": \"When Zachary Beaver Came to Town When Zachary Beaver Came to Town is a 2003 comedy-drama film starring Jonathan Lipnicki and Cody Linley. It was adapted from a National Book Award-winning children's novel of the same name by Kimberly Willis Holt. One summer in the small, sleepy town of Granger, Texas, Toby Wilson's life changes. Toby (Jonathan Lipnicki) is a boy who lives with his parents, but his mother runs off to Nashville to try to become a singer. Later, he and his best friend Cal McKnight (Cody Linley) meet a fat sideshow freak named Zachary Beaver (Sasha Neulinger), who\",\n \"title\": \"When Zachary Beaver Came to Town\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12586858\",\n \"text\": \"areas. Furthermore, the Italians employed many Eritreans in public service (in particular in the police and public works departments) and oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa. In a region marked by cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity, a succession of Italian governors maintained a notable degree of unity and public order. The Italians also built many major infrastructural projects in Eritrea, including the Asmara-Massawa Cableway and the Eritrean Railway. Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. Mussolini established the Italian Empire in May 1936. The fascists\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Eritreans\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110753\",\n \"text\": \"King should salute them from the balcony but the requests were rejected and the parade did not take place. The progress towards fascism did not however come quick enough for Arnold Leese who in 1928 split from the group, which he denounced as \\\"conservatism with knobs on\\\" to establish his own Imperial Fascist League (IFL), a much more hard-line group that emphasised anti-Semitism. Before long however the British Fascists began to advocate a more authoritarian government in which the monarch would take a leading role in government as well as advocating the establishment of a Benito Mussolini style corporate state,\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10477597\",\n \"text\": \"mother how he would think about her and home, but then get angry that she didn't love or want him. Then he explains that now he knows she did love him and want him. He then tells his mother that he is home, and the two cry in each other's arms and sing their bedtime song together. In the end, it is revealed that Gail and Andrew returned home to Eddie and EJ to build a healthier life together and that Ted was tried for kidnapping and abusing Andrew, found guilty, and was imprisoned. When Andrew Came Home When Andrew\",\n \"title\": \"When Andrew Came Home\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12853103\",\n \"text\": \"Albanian civil government. From April 1939, Albanian foreign affairs, customs, as well as natural resources came under direct control of Italy. All petroleum resources in Albania went through Agip, Italy's state petroleum company. The puppet Albanian Fascist Party became the ruling party of the country and the local Fascists, like prime minister Shefqet Verlaci, allowed Italian citizens to settle in Albania and to own land so that they could gradually transform it into Italian soil. Verlaci (who had distant Italian roots) approved the possible administrative union of Albania and Italy, because he wanted Italian support for the union of Kosovo,\",\n \"title\": \"Italian colonists in Albania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6437902\",\n \"text\": \"Italy and the severe internal tensions within the country, which led to the rise of fascism, led 614,000 immigrants away in 1920, half of them going to the United States. When the fascists came to power in 1922, there was a general slowdown in the flow of emigrants from Italy, eventually. However, during the first five years of fascist rule, 1,500,000 people left Italy. By then, the nature of the emigrants had changed; there was, for example, a marked increase in the rise of relatives outside the working age moving to be with their families, who had already left Italy.\",\n \"title\": \"Italian diaspora\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17281161\",\n \"text\": \"won the Lewis fight with a technical knockout in the 11th round, and Sugrue lost a lot of money bankrolling it. The documentary was first broadcast on RTÉ One on 1 January 2013. Ali returned to Ireland twice in later years. He took part in the opening ceremony of the Special Olympics in Dublin in 2003, and he visited the birthplace of his great grandfather, Abe Grady, in Ennis in 2009, where he was made an Honorary Freeman of the town. \\\"When Ali Came to Ireland\\\" won the \\\"Best Sports Programme\\\" award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards.\",\n \"title\": \"When Ali Came to Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110762\",\n \"text\": \"called in a £500 loan. This effectively brought the British Fascists to a conclusion; Rotha Lintorn-Orman died the following year. British Fascists The British Fascists were the first political organisation in the United Kingdom to claim the label of fascist. While the group had more in common with conservatism for much of its existence, it nonetheless was the first to self-describe as fascist in Britain. William Joyce, Neil Francis Hawkins, Maxwell Knight and Arnold Leese were amongst those to have passed through the movement as members and activists. They were formed in 1923 by Rotha Lintorn-Orman in the aftermath of\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3427289\",\n \"text\": \"agreement between Italy and the Entente Allies in the Treaty of London of 1915 to have Dalmatia join Italy was revoked in 1919. To the west of Italy, the Fascists claimed that the territories of Corsica, Nice and Savoy held by France were Italian lands. The Fascist regime produced literature on Corsica was that presented evidence of the \\\"italianità\\\" of the island. The Fascist regime produced literature on Nice that justified that Nice was an Italian land based on historic, ethnic and linguistic grounds. The Fascists quoted Medieval Italian scholar Petrarch who said: \\\"The border of Italy is the Var;\",\n \"title\": \"Italian irredentism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808359\",\n \"text\": \"who indicated that France would oppose Italian unification unless France was given Nice and Savoy that were held by Piedmont Sardinia, as France did not want a powerful state having control of all the passages of the Alps. As a result, Piedmont-Sardinia was pressured to concede Nice and Savoy to France in exchange for France accepting the unification of Italy. The Fascist regime produced literature on Corsica that presented evidence of the \\\"italianità\\\" of the island. The Fascist regime produced literature on Nice that justified that Nice was an Italian land based on historic, ethnic and linguistic grounds. The Fascists\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110757\",\n \"text\": \"then Labour MP as a dangerous socialist. As a consequence Francis Hawkins broke away and took much of the male membership of the group with him with the New Party becoming the British Union of Fascists (BUF) soon afterwards. Relations with the BUF were as a result frosty for the remainder of the group's life and, although Mosley dismissed the British Fascists as \\\"three old ladies and a couple of office boys\\\", in 1933 a BUF fighting squad wrecked the group's London offices after British Fascists members had heckled the BUF headquarters. By this stage in their development the British\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3553822\",\n \"text\": \"to the part they took in the Italian Campaign against the Axis) or as the Italian Civil War (when referring specifically to the conflict with Italian Fascists). The modern Italian Republic was declared to be founded on the struggle of the resistance. Armed resistance to the German occupation following the armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces of 3 September 1943 began with Italian regular forces: the Italian Armed Forces and the Carabinieri military police. The period's best-known battle broke out in Rome the day the armistice was announced. Regio Esercito units such as the Sassari Division, the Granatieri di\",\n \"title\": \"Italian resistance movement\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"725565\",\n \"text\": \"monarchy from the socialists. He decided to include Fascists on his electoral list for 1921 elections. In the elections, the Fascists did not make large gains, but Giolitti's government failed to gather a large enough coalition to govern and offered the Fascists placements in his government. The Fascists rejected Giolitti's offers and joined with socialists in bringing down his government. In October 1922, Mussolini took advantage of a general strike to announce his demands to the Italian government to give the Fascist Party political power or face a coup. With no immediate response, a group of 30,000 Fascists began a\",\n \"title\": \"History of Italy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10207138\",\n \"text\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You \\\"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\\\" is a 1978 song recorded by singer Marvin Gaye for his \\\"Here, My Dear\\\" album, following his 1976 divorce when he was ordered to give half the takings of his next album to ex-wife Anna Gaye. In the album, he \\\"poured his emotions into songs agonisingly documenting their relationship's rise and fall.\\\" The song was a six-minute-long opus that has been considered the centerpiece of the \\\"Here, My Dear\\\" album. As if offering confessional testimony to\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808411\",\n \"text\": \"meant that when it granted women the right to vote in 1925 it was limited purely to voting in local elections. Italian Fascism believed that the success of Italian nationalism required a clear sense of a shared past amongst the Italian people along with a commitment to a modernized Italy. In a famous speech in 1926, Mussolini called for Fascist art that was \\\"traditionalist and at the same time modern, that looks to the past and at the same time to the future\\\". Traditional symbols of Roman civilization were utilized by the Fascists, particularly the fasces that symbolized unity, authority\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1505518\",\n \"text\": \"and these high-profile resignations resulted in membership dropping to below 8,000 by the end of 1935 and, ultimately, Mosley shifted the party's focus back to mainstream politics. The party continued to clash with anti-fascists, most famously at the Battle of Cable Street in October 1936, when organised anti-fascists prevented the BUF from marching through Cable Street. However, the party later staged other marches through the East End without incident, albeit not on Cable Street itself. BUF support for Edward VIII and the peace campaign to prevent a second World War saw membership and public support rise once more. The government\",\n \"title\": \"British Union of Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14407822\",\n \"text\": \"on the world stage, most Italians in Canada did not harbour any ill will against Canada and few remained committed followers of the fascist ideology. Prior to June 10, 1940, the RCMP began systematic surveillance of Italian Canadian fascists following Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia in October 1935 and in 1938 published a 60-page report detailing fascist activity in Canada. Newspaper accounts of the day, such as the \\\"Ottawa Citizen\\\", tell that the status of \\\"enemy alien\\\" was immediately placed on non-resident Italians older than 16 years of age, and on Italian Canadians who became British subjects after September 1929. The\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Canadian internment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808354\",\n \"text\": \"left incomplete and abandoned in the Giolittian-era Italy. Fascism sought the incorporation of claimed \\\"unredeemed\\\" territories to Italy. To the east of Italy, the Fascists claimed that Dalmatia was a land of Italian culture whose Italians, including those of Italianized South Slavic descent, had been driven out of Dalmatia and into exile in Italy, and supported the return of Italians of Dalmatian heritage. Mussolini identified Dalmatia as having strong Italian cultural roots for centuries via the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice. The Fascists especially focused their claims based on the Venetian cultural heritage of Dalmatia, claiming that Venetian\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14368054\",\n \"text\": \"1930, when it was suspended because British authorities assumed that a free and fair election would not be possible following a clash between the governing Constitutional Party and the Church and the latter's subsequent imposition of mortal sin on voters of the party and its allies. And the second time in 1934, when the Constitution was revoked over the Government's budgetary vote for the teaching of Italian in elementary schools. The Fascists invested heavily in promoting Italian culture in Malta. They were making overtures to a minority who not only loved Italy's language but also saw Malta as a geographical\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Maltese\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110750\",\n \"text\": \"nature and its reliance on funding from Rotha Lintorn-Orman (who had garnered a reputation for high living) and so excluded them as a group from the OMS. As a result, a further split occurred, as a number of members, calling themselves Loyalists and led by former BF President Brigadier-General Blakeney, did just that. In the event the British Fascists formed their own Q Divisions which took on much of the same work as the OMS during the strike, albeit without having any official government recognition. The strike severely damaged the party as it failed to precipitate the \\\"Bolshevik Revolution\\\" that\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8971826\",\n \"text\": \"This machine kills fascists \\\"This Machine Kills Fascists\\\" is a message that Woody Guthrie placed on his guitar in 1941, which inspired many subsequent artists. Soon after moving into a small fourth-floor walk-up apartment in Manhattan, Guthrie wrote the war song \\\"Talking Hitler's Head Off Blues\\\". This was printed in the \\\"Daily Worker\\\" newspaper: then \\\"In a fit of patriotism and faith in the impact of the song, he painted on his guitar THIS MACHINE KILLS FASCISTS.\\\" In Guthrie's opposition to fascism, he conceptualized the ideology \\\"as a form of economic exploitation similar to slavery,\\\" straightforwardly denouncing the fascists -\",\n \"title\": \"This machine kills fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7801427\",\n \"text\": \"the Birdman to teach him to carve, and soon begins to become expert. One day the Birdman tells the children about a large amount of valuable timber which has washed up on one of the island's shores. The islanders all gather to collect and hide this timber before the coastal authorities arrive and try to claim it for themselves. While searching the island they ask to see in Gracie's attic, where they find nothing except the carved sea bird that the Birdman gave Gracie. Jack asks where it came from and Gracie insists that Daniel made it. When Daniel shows\",\n \"title\": \"When the Whales Came\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10307674\",\n \"text\": \"his car in Brooklyn, When I Came Home reveals a failing system and the veteran's struggle to survive after returning from war. The film reports that as of March 2006, 500 Iraq War veterans are homeless. In addition to Noel, Paul Rieckhoff the Executive Director and Founder of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America (IAVA), makes several appearances in the film. Rachel Maddow and Chuck D, talk radio hosts of the Air America Radio network, also make a brief appearances in the film. When I Came Home When I Came Home is a 2006 documentary directed by Dan Lohaus about\",\n \"title\": \"When I Came Home\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1505521\",\n \"text\": \"them the nickname \\\"Blackshirts\\\", which they readily accepted for themselves. The BUF was anti-communist, protectionist, technocratic, and proposed replacing parliamentary democracy with executives elected to represent specific industries, trades or other professional interest groups—a system similar to the corporatism of the Italian fascists. Britain was to remain a democracy, although the House of Lords was to be replaced with a Senate consisting of \\\"notables\\\" from all spheres of public life appointed by the King on the advice of the fascist Prime Minister and the House of Commons was to be renamed the \\\"Chamber of Corporations\\\" and would consist of occupationally\",\n \"title\": \"British Union of Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7883448\",\n \"text\": \"When William Came When William Came: A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns is a novel written by the British author Saki (the pseudonym of Hector Hugh Munro) and published in November 1913. It is set several years in what was then the future, after a war between Germany and Great Britain in which the former won. The \\\"William\\\" of the book's title is Kaiser Wilhelm II of the House of Hohenzollern. The book chronicles life in London under German occupation and the changes that come with a foreign army's invasion and triumph. Like Robert Erskine Childers's novel \\\"The Riddle\",\n \"title\": \"When William Came\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7883450\",\n \"text\": \"systems of law - Yeovil's wife informs him that she must register his presence with the police and later he is fined on the spot for walking on the grass in Hyde Park. In another episode, he finds himself unintentionally but unavoidably fraternising with one of the invaders. It has been collected in: It has been reprinted with When William Came When William Came: A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns is a novel written by the British author Saki (the pseudonym of Hector Hugh Munro) and published in November 1913. It is set several years in what was then\",\n \"title\": \"When William Came\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9492575\",\n \"text\": \"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \\\"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\\\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock market. Unfortunately matters are complicated when a financial adviser named Charles Tully is murdered in a car park late at night and\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7839306\",\n \"text\": \"of East Germany. In recent years, concern mounted as to the amount of vandalism and graffiti inflicted on the monument. In 2004, a German company agreed to sponsor the maintenance of the monument. In 2005, the memorial was defaced with neo-Nazi slogans. The monument is frequently used for skateboarding. Memorial to Polish Soldiers and German Anti-Fascists The Memorial to Polish Soldiers and German Anti-Fascists (; ) is a war memorial in Berlin, dedicated in 1972. Built by the German Democratic Republic during the division of Germany, it is today the principal German monument to the Polish soldiers who died in\",\n \"title\": \"Memorial to Polish Soldiers and German Anti-Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9829397\",\n \"text\": \"asked \\\"the Italian people to fight against the German invaders and against their fascists lackeys\\\". In late November, the Communists established task forces called \\\"distaccamenti d'assalto Garibaldi\\\" which later would become \\\"brigades\\\" and \\\"divisions\\\" whose leadership was entrusted to Luigi Longo, under the political direction of Pietro Secchia and Giancarlo Pajetta, Chief of Staff. The first operational order dated 25 November ordered the partisans to: Shortly after the Armistice, the Italian Communist Party, the \\\"Gruppi di Azione Patriottica\\\" (\\\"Patriotic Action Groups\\\") or simply \\\"GAP\\\", established small cells whose main purpose was to unleash urban terror through bomb attacks against fascists,\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110749\",\n \"text\": \"clear that their propaganda predicting such an outcome was about to come true. They were, however, not permitted to join the Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies (OMS), a group established by the government and chaired by Lord Hardinge to mobilise a non-striking workforce in the event of general strike, without first relinquishing any explicit attachment to fascism, as the government insisted this group remain non-ideological. The structure of the OMS was actually based on that of the British Fascists, but the government was unwilling to rely on the British Fascists because of what they saw as the group's unorthodox\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14003795\",\n \"text\": \"Four people died when fire was opened on the protesters. The Fascists invested heavily in promoting Italian culture in Malta. They were making overtures to a minority who not only loved Italy's language but also saw Malta as a geographical extension of the Italian mainland. Malta was described as \\\"the extreme end of Italian soil\\\" (Senator Caruana Gatto who represented the nobility in the Maltese in 1923). The battle, however, was still being fought in largely cultural terms, as the \\\"Language Question\\\" on the role of Italian in education. This led to the revoking (the second) of the Maltese Constitution\",\n \"title\": \"Italian irredentism in Malta\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110752\",\n \"text\": \"group also became ravaged by factionalism, with one group following Lady Downe and the old ways of the British Fascists and another centred around James Strachey Barnes and Sir Harold Elsdale Goad advocating full commitment to a proper fascist ideology. Having been hit hard by the split from the General Strike the British Fascists attempted to move gradually towards a more defined fascism, starting in 1927 by adopting a blue shirt and beret uniform in the style of similar movements in Europe. That same year they attempted to organise a Remembrance Day parade past Buckingham Palace where they requested the\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14003796\",\n \"text\": \"in 1934 over the Government's budgetary vote for the teaching of Italian in elementary schools. Italian was eventually dropped from official language status in Malta in 1934, its place being taken by Maltese. Italian ceased to be taught at all levels of education and the language of instruction at the University of Malta and the Law Courts. In 1935 there were manifestations against all these decisions, promoted by the Maltese fascists: the Nationalist Party declared that most of the Maltese population was supporting directly or indirectly the Italian Maltese's struggle. But when Italy entered the war on the side of\",\n \"title\": \"Italian irredentism in Malta\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808360\",\n \"text\": \"quoted Medieval Italian scholar Petrarch who said: \\\"The border of Italy is the Var; consequently Nice is a part of Italy\\\". The Fascists quoted Italian national hero Giuseppe Garibaldi who said: \\\"Corsica and Nice must not belong to France; there will come the day when an Italy mindful of its true worth will reclaim its provinces now so shamefully languishing under foreign domination\\\". Mussolini initially pursued promoting annexation of Corsica through political and diplomatic means, believing that Corsica could be annexed to Italy through first encouraging the existing autonomist tendencies in Corsica and then independence of Corsica from France, that\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9492580\",\n \"text\": \"of several TV series of the 1970 era under the title Retro-Action 1 - The cool age of TV in High Definition. When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \\\"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\\\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808419\",\n \"text\": \"state we want to establish will be national and social in the highest sense of the word; that is, it will be Fascist, thus returning to our origins\\\". The Fascists at this point did not denounce the House of Savoy in the entirety of its history and credited Victor Emmanuel II for his rejection of \\\"scornfully dishonourable pacts\\\" and denounced Victor Emmanuel III for betraying Victor Emmanuel II by entering a dishonourable pact with the Allies. The relationship between Italian Fascism and the Catholic Church was mixed, as originally was highly anti-clerical and hostile to Catholicism, though from the mid\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10143288\",\n \"text\": \"Minister. Vërlaci controlled the day-to-day activities of the Italian protectorate. On 3 December 1941, Shefqet Vërlaci was replaced as Prime Minister and Head of Government by Mustafa Merlika-Kruja. The country's natural resources too came under direct control of Italy. All petroleum resources in Albania went through Agip, Italy's state petroleum company. Albania was important culturally and historically to the nationalist aims of the Italian Fascists, as the territory of Albania had long been part of the Roman Empire, even prior to the annexation of northern Italy by the Romans. Later, during the High Middle Ages some coastal areas (like Durazzo)\",\n \"title\": \"Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10477584\",\n \"text\": \"When Andrew Came Home When Andrew Came Home or Taming Andrew (as released in the UK) is a 2000 American drama television film, based on a true story and directed by Artie Mandelberg. On the Fourth of July, Gail is forced by the courts to hand over her five-year-old son, Andrew, to his father Ted for the weekend. Ted arrives with his young girlfriend, Pattie, and seems jealous over the relationship Gail's boyfriend, Eddie, has with Andrew. Despite her maternal instinct, Gail gives her son to her ex-husband, who promises to return him on time as he always does. When\",\n \"title\": \"When Andrew Came Home\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9539890\",\n \"text\": \"American Fascists American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America is a non-fiction book by American Pulitzer Prize journalist Chris Hedges, published in January 2007. Hedges is a former seminary student with a master's degree in divinity from Harvard Divinity School and was a long-time foreign correspondent for \\\"The New York Times\\\". \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote of the book: Francine Prose of O, The Oprah Magazine wrote: Rick Perlstein of \\\"The New York Times\\\" writes: Joe Bailey of the \\\"Oregon Daily Emerald\\\" wrote that Hedges: Some critics have asked, \\\"Where is all this violence Hedges warns us about\\\"? In\",\n \"title\": \"American Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1505510\",\n \"text\": \"British Union of Fascists The British Union of Fascists, or BUF, was a fascist political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley. It changed its name to the British Union of Fascists and National Socialists in 1936 and, in 1937, to British Union. It was finally disbanded in 1940, after it was proscribed by the British government following the start of the Second World War. The BUF emerged in 1932 from the British far-right, following the electoral defeat of its antecedent, the New Party, in the 1931 general election. The BUF's foundation was initially met with\",\n \"title\": \"British Union of Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1505526\",\n \"text\": \"of operation the BUF attracted prominent members and supporters. These included: British Union of Fascists The British Union of Fascists, or BUF, was a fascist political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley. It changed its name to the British Union of Fascists and National Socialists in 1936 and, in 1937, to British Union. It was finally disbanded in 1940, after it was proscribed by the British government following the start of the Second World War. The BUF emerged in 1932 from the British far-right, following the electoral defeat of its antecedent, the New Party, in\",\n \"title\": \"British Union of Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2926636\",\n \"text\": \"Canadian Union of Fascists The Canadian Fascist Party was a fascist political party based in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in the 1930s. The formative core of the party was a splinter group from the Canadian Nationalist Party that found the principles of corporativism to be more important than the largely racial motivations of the Nationalist Party. This disposition is highlighted in one official statement that \\\"anti-semitism was a symptom of Germany not of Fascism\\\". The party was founded as the British Empire Union of Fascists and was affiliated with the British Union of Fascists. It later became known\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian Union of Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9539891\",\n \"text\": \"this CSPAN2 BookTV video, Hedges in the Q&A session, after his 27-minute formal presentation, discusses what is the structural violence wreaked since the emergence of corporate-statism two generations ago. American Fascists American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America is a non-fiction book by American Pulitzer Prize journalist Chris Hedges, published in January 2007. Hedges is a former seminary student with a master's degree in divinity from Harvard Divinity School and was a long-time foreign correspondent for \\\"The New York Times\\\". \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote of the book: Francine Prose of O, The Oprah Magazine wrote: Rick Perlstein of\",\n \"title\": \"American Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6985859\",\n \"text\": \"When Captain Dumont joins his Chaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the German commander with a great smile. The movie received a great success in France reaching the third best selling movie in 1974. Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to? Now Where Did the 7th Company Get To? () is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux. The film portraya the adventures of three French soldiers lost somewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France. During the Battle of France, while German forces are spreading across the country,\",\n \"title\": \"Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8971830\",\n \"text\": \"the killing of fascists by Soviet sniper Lyudmila Pavlichenko in his song \\\"Miss Pavlichenko\\\" which includes the lines, \\\"You lift up your sight and down comes a hun, and more than three hundred nazidogs fell by your gun.\\\" This machine kills fascists \\\"This Machine Kills Fascists\\\" is a message that Woody Guthrie placed on his guitar in 1941, which inspired many subsequent artists. Soon after moving into a small fourth-floor walk-up apartment in Manhattan, Guthrie wrote the war song \\\"Talking Hitler's Head Off Blues\\\". This was printed in the \\\"Daily Worker\\\" newspaper: then \\\"In a fit of patriotism and faith\",\n \"title\": \"This machine kills fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17110756\",\n \"text\": \"their attempts to form a distinctly British version of Fascism, and instead adopted the full programme of Mussolini and his National Fascist Party. The already weakened group split further in 1932 over the issue of a merger with Oswald Mosley's New Party. The proposal was accepted by Neil Francis Hawkins of the Headquarters Committee and his allies Lieutenant-Colonel H.W. Johnson and E.G. Mandeville Roe although the female leadership turned the proposal down due to objections over serving under Mosley. Indeed, the British Fascists had protested against public meetings being addressed by Mosley as early as 1927 when they denounced the\",\n \"title\": \"British Fascists\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10307673\",\n \"text\": \"When I Came Home When I Came Home is a 2006 documentary directed by Dan Lohaus about homeless veterans in the United States - from those who served in Vietnam to those returning from the Iraq War. The film won the \\\"New York Loves Film Best Documentary\\\" Award at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival. The film looks at the challenges faced by returning combat veterans and the battle many must fight against the Veterans Administration for the benefits promised to them. Through the story of Herold Noel, an Iraq War veteran suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and living out of\",\n \"title\": \"When I Came Home\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808358\",\n \"text\": \"Albania with Italian settlers from the Italian Peninsula to gradually transform it into an Italian land. The Fascist regime claimed the Ionian Islands as Italian territory on the basis that the islands had belonged to the Venetian Republic from the mid-14th until the late 18th century. To the west of Italy, the Fascists claimed that the territories of Corsica, Nice and Savoy held by France were Italian lands. During the period of Italian unification in 1860 to 1861, Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was leading the unification effort, faced opposition from French Emperor Napoleon III\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10802423\",\n \"text\": \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? is a book by biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever detailing his response to the claims of minimalists to the historicity and value of the Hebrew Bible. Dever's book is a response to recent trends in biblical scholarship and biblical archaeology which question whether the bible can be used as a reliable tool for interpreting history. The book begins with Dever's explanation of the \\\"minimalist\\\" position, which holds that the bible is a product of\",\n \"title\": \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10207141\",\n \"text\": \"hid\\\"..\\\"If you loved me with all of your heart/You'd never take a million dollars to part\\\". He would use the instrumental of this song as both an instrumental track (with several Gaye ad-libs) and as the reprise of the album to end it. The song served as the template for Daryl Hall's song \\\"Stop Loving Me, Stop Loving You,\\\" from his 1993 solo album, \\\"Soul Alone.\\\" After being played the song by a friend and thinking it was an unreleased bootleg, Hall reworked the tune as a standard-structured R&B/pop song. When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808397\",\n \"text\": \"of Jewish identity in Italy as a result of conflicting national loyalties amongst Zionist Jews by saying: The Fascists at this time were not wholly opposed to Zionism, but took an instrumental approach to it as they were hostile to it when it caused conflict in Italy with the country's Catholic community and when such Zionists were seen as associated with British interests, though they were favourable to Zionists who opposed the British and sought Italy's support as their protector. In the early 1930s, Mussolini held discussions with Zionist leadership figures over proposals to encourage the emigration of Italian Jews\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10207140\",\n \"text\": \"how optimistic he seemed, he always reflected back on his marriage to Anna and how at one point, she called the cops on him for a domestic dispute. The title is not spoken until the final verse, when Marvin croons in his trademark falsetto about where did the love go in their relationship. Written and produced solely by the artist himself, the song was unusual for having no distinct melody, no bridge and no distinct chorus and for its length. However, it did have near melodic consistencies, such as \\\"Memories of the things we did/Some we're proud of, some we\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9829393\",\n \"text\": \"Italian Civil War The Italian Civil War (Italian: \\\"La guerra civile\\\") is the period between September 8, 1943 (the date of the armistice of Cassibile), and May 2, 1945 (the date of the surrender of German forces in Italy) in which the Italian Resistance and the Italian Co-Belligerent Army joined the allies fighting Axis forces including continuing Italian Fascists Italian Social Republic. Claudio Pavone's book \\\"Una guerra civile. Saggio storico sulla moralità della Resistenza\\\" (\\\"A Civil War. Historical Essay On the Morality Of the Resistance\\\"), published in 1991, led the term \\\"Italian Civil War\\\" to become a widespread term used\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19736805\",\n \"text\": \"associations based in Massachusetts, including in Lawrence, Lowell, and Worcester. The Boston fascists had their own Italian-language newspaper, \\\"Giovinezza\\\" (Youth). In the thirties, pro-fascist radio commentator Ubaldo Guidi, who broadcast on WCOP in Boston, was a local favorite. In 1942, when restrictions on nonnaturalized Italians were lifted, Louis Lyons of \\\"The Boston Globe\\\" reported: Mussolini, whose picture used to hang in the kitchen in a great proportion of Italian homes in the North End, has lost face everywhere ... But the symbol, next to the service flag, now most common in Italian kitchens is a red, white and blue bunting\",\n \"title\": \"History of Italian Americans in Boston\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10950371\",\n \"text\": \"Italy had seized the chance to occupy the southern half of Albania, to avoid it being captured by the Austro-Hungarians. That success did not last long, as Albanian resistance during the subsequent Vlora War and post-war domestic problems forced Italy to pull out in 1920. The desire to compensate for this failure would be one of Mussolini's major motives in invading Albania. Albania was important culturally and historically to the nationalist aims of the Italian Fascists, as the territory of Albania had long been part of the Roman Empire, even prior to the annexation of northern Italy by the Romans.\",\n \"title\": \"Italian invasion of Albania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5502117\",\n \"text\": \"other illegal activities as well. When the Fascists came to power in Italy, they made the destruction of the Mafia in Sicily a high priority. Hundreds fled to the U.S. in the 1920s and 1930s to avoid prosecution. When the United States enacted Prohibition in 1920, the restrictions proved to be an economic windfall for those in the Italian-American community already involved in illegal activities, and those who had fled from Sicily. They smuggled liquor into the country, wholesaled and sold it through a network of outlets and speakeasies. While other ethnic groups were also deeply involved in these illegal\",\n \"title\": \"Anti-Italianism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808394\",\n \"text\": \"the Fascists' March on Rome in 1922. In the early 1920s, Mussolini was cautious on topics of Italian Jewish financiers that arose from time to time from antisemitic elements in the Fascist movement, while he regarded them as untrustworthy he believed that he could draw them to his side. In 1932, Mussolini made his private attitude about Jews known to the Austrian ambassador when discussing the issue by saying: \\\"I have no love for the Jews, but they have great influence everywhere. It is better to leave them alone. Hitler's antisemitism has already brought him more enemies than is necessary\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808438\",\n \"text\": \"could not control Italy, the Fascist Revolutionary Party (\\\"Partito Fascista Rivoluzionario\\\", PFR) leader Mussolini took matters in hand, combating those issues with the Blackshirts, paramilitary squads of First World War veterans and ex socialists when Prime Ministers such as Giovanni Giolitti allowed the Fascists taking the law in hand. The violence between socialists and the mostly self-organized squadristi militias, especially in the countryside, had increased so dramatically that Mussolini was pressured to call a truce to bring about “reconciliation with the Socialists”. Signed in early August 1921, Mussolini and the Italian Socialist Party (PNF) agreed to the Pact of Pacification,\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11047875\",\n \"text\": \"be considered a threat to the development of national consciousness. As a result of this the first eighty or ninety years of Italian history characterizes non-Italian speaking minorities as intruders in the national domain; who were to be given no official existence. This is significant once it is considered that the Italian state began its life in 1861 without a common language. Most of the population could not speak, what is today considered, Italian. Out of a population of 35 million at least 31 million were not included in the, not-so, common language. When the fascist regime came to power\",\n \"title\": \"History of Italian citizenship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808428\",\n \"text\": \"of the five men arrested, Amerigo Dumini, also known as \\\"Il Sicario del Duce\\\" (\\\"The Leader's Assassin\\\"), was sentenced to five years' imprisonment, but served only eleven months and was freed under amnesty from King Victor Emmanuel III. Moreover, when the King supported Prime Minister Mussolini the socialists quit Parliament in protest, leaving the Fascists to govern unopposed. In that time, assassination was not yet the \\\"modus operandi\\\" norm and the Italian Fascist \\\"Duce\\\" usually disposed of opponents in the Imperial Roman way: political arrest punished with island banishment. After the First World War (1914–1918), despite the Kingdom of Italy\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808355\",\n \"text\": \"rule had been beneficial for all Dalmatians and had been accepted by the Dalmatian population. The Fascists were outraged after World War I, when the agreement between Italy and the Entente Allies in the Treaty of London of 1915 to have Dalmatia join Italy was revoked in 1919. The Fascist regime supported annexation of Yugoslavia's region of Slovenia into Italy that already held a portion of the Slovene population, whereby Slovenia would become an Italian province, resulting in a quarter of Slovene ethnic territory and approximately 327,000 out of total population of 1.3 million Slovenes being subjected to forced Italianization.\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3427290\",\n \"text\": \"consequently Nice is a part of Italy\\\". The Fascists quoted Italian national hero Giuseppe Garibaldi, a native of Nizza (Nice) himself, who said: \\\"Corsica and Nice must not belong to France; there will come the day when an Italy mindful of its true worth will reclaim its provinces now so shamefully languishing under foreign domination\\\". Mussolini initially pursued promoting annexation of Corsica through political and diplomatic means, believing that Corsica could be annexed to Italy through Italy first encouraging the existing autonomist tendencies in Corsica and then independence of Corsica from France, that would be followed by annexation of Corsica\",\n \"title\": \"Italian irredentism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7808437\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Arditi\\\" were soldiers who were specifically trained for a life of violence and wore unique blackshirt uniforms and fezzes. The \\\"Arditi\\\" formed a national organization in November 1918, the \\\"Associazione fra gli Arditi d'Italia\\\", which by mid-1919 had about twenty thousand young men within it. Mussolini appealed to the \\\"Arditi\\\" and the Fascists' \\\"Squadristi\\\", developed after the war, were based upon the \\\"Arditi\\\". The First World War (1914–1918) inflated Italy's economy with great debts, unemployment (aggravated by thousands of demobilised soldiers), social discontent featuring strikes, organised crime and anarchist, socialist and communist insurrections. When the elected Italian Liberal Party Government\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Fascism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"725566\",\n \"text\": \"long trek across Italy to Rome (the March on Rome), claiming that Fascists were intending to restore law and order. The Fascists demanded Prime Minister Luigi Facta's resignation and that Mussolini be named to the post. Although the Italian Army was far better armed than the Fascist militias, the liberal system and King Victor Emmanuel III were facing a deeper political crisis. The King was forced to choose which of the two rival movements in Italy would form the government: Mussolini's Fascists, or the marxist Italian Socialist Party. He selected the Fascists. Upon taking power, Mussolini formed a coalition with\",\n \"title\": \"History of Italy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11134466\",\n \"text\": \"Italian irredentism in Nice Italian irredentism in Nice was the political movement supporting the annexation of the County of Nice to the Kingdom of Italy. The term was coined by Italian Irredentists. According to some Italian nationalists and fascists like Ermanno Amicucci, Italian- and Ligurian-speaking populations of the County of Nice () formed the majority of the county's population until the mid-19th century. However, French nationalists and linguists argue that both Occitan and Ligurian languages were spoken in the County of Nice. During the Italian unification, in 1860, the House of Savoy allowed the Second French Empire to annex Nice\",\n \"title\": \"Italian irredentism in Nice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10802427\",\n \"text\": \"up the argument of the book, stating that there was an ancient Israel, that the bible was written from a genuine historical core, and that archaeology can identify this core and prevent Israel from being \\\"written out of history\\\". The book received mixed reviews. Conservative scholars commended Dever for his critique on minimalism but were disappointed by his failure to defend the historicity of the bible prior to the age of David and Solomon. Others chided his inability to distance himself from his obsessions: What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical\",\n \"title\": \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11134481\",\n \"text\": \"few of them still speak the original Niçard language of \\\"Nissa La Bella\\\". Italian irredentism in Nice Italian irredentism in Nice was the political movement supporting the annexation of the County of Nice to the Kingdom of Italy. The term was coined by Italian Irredentists. According to some Italian nationalists and fascists like Ermanno Amicucci, Italian- and Ligurian-speaking populations of the County of Nice () formed the majority of the county's population until the mid-19th century. However, French nationalists and linguists argue that both Occitan and Ligurian languages were spoken in the County of Nice. During the Italian unification, in\",\n \"title\": \"Italian irredentism in Nice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6665080\",\n \"text\": \"of Zahumlje and Raška was abolished and its territory added to this eparchy. In 1938. Metropolitan Gavrilo Dožić of Montenegro was elected Serbian Patriarch. During the Second World War, and after the Communists came to power in 1945, the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral suffered persecution at the hands of the new regime. Communists killed 105 priests and thousands of patriotic Serbs. Fifteen other priests were killed by fascists. The Metropolitan of Montenegro, Joanikije (Lipovac), was executed by communists in 1945 for having collaborated with occupying Italian and German forces and with the Serbian Chetniks. The new regime\",\n \"title\": \"Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["world war ii"],"string":"[\n \"world war ii\"\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":12,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":2457,"offset":1200,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImtpZCI6IjVHZDBvd0g5MTM2eDZjc1FvbE1zcktNWUZoRVFoUm5PVVVybEpjOUhaUEEifQ.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc4NjE5OTc4OCwianRpIjoiZmRlZjdkMTEtN2YyMS00OGRiLTk2ZDAtMTkwZTdlYTQzOTU1Iiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3ZzZWFyY2gvd2VicSIsImV4cCI6MTc4NjIwMzM4OCwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9odWdnaW5nZmFjZS5jbyJ9.rsnagATXRlYUFGTnAoNbjPTqvEpq6LWpqh1lfWtDy8q7Nhb7JWEds7fIR53bT_zaMLJQxhA6s9cRO1EN_no3DQ","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":2457,"numBytesParquet":78323682},{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":278,"numBytesParquet":8786475},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":2032,"numBytesParquet":124921}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
question stringlengths 16 81 | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
what is molly ringwald in? | [
{
"psg_id": "880638",
"text": "Molly Ringwald Molly Kathleen Ringwald (born February 18, 1968) is an American actress, singer, and author. She was cast in her first major role as Molly in the NBC sitcom \"The Facts of Life\" (1979–80) after a casting director saw her playing an orphan in a stage production ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "880655",
"text": "\"I didn't want to give the wrong message to teenagers. I sort of felt a certain responsibility – I mean, I was a very, very famous teenager and I thought a lot of teenagers were looking up to me and emulating me, and I really didn't want to make a movie that said in any way t... | [
"office killer",
"the breakfast club",
"sixteen candles",
"fresh horses",
"strike it rich",
"betsy's wedding",
"pretty in pink",
"spacehunter: adventures in the forbidden zone",
"the stand",
"tempest"
] |
what movies has scarlett johansson played in? | [
{
"psg_id": "12858361",
"text": "in \"Manny & Lo\" (1996) alongside Aleksa Palladino and her brother, Hunter. Her performance received positive reviews: one written for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" noted, \"[the film] grows on you, largely because of the charm of ... Scarlett Johansson,\" while critic Mi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12858353",
"text": "Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress and singer. Johansson is the world's highest-paid actress, has made multiple appearances in the \"Forbes\" Celebrity 100, and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She aspired ... | [
"girl with a pearl earring",
"fall",
"a good woman",
"a love song for bobby long",
"don jon's addiction",
"eight legged freaks",
"ghost world",
"captain america: the winter soldier",
"an american rhapsody"
] |
where did david duke go to college? | [
{
"psg_id": "2604987",
"text": "was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Alice Maxine (Crick) and David Hedger Duke. As the son of an engineer for Shell Oil Company, Duke frequently moved with his family around the world. They lived a short time in the Netherlands before settling in Louisiana. In the late 1960s, Duk... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11939648",
"text": "Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \"Where Did They Go\" was Peggy Lee's first al... | [
"interregional academy of personnel management",
"louisiana state university"
] |
where does bradley cooper live now? | [
{
"psg_id": "2293314",
"text": "Man\", which inspired him to be an actor. Cooper says that his parents were initially apprehensive of his career choice, but they eventually changed their perceptions when they saw Cooper play the part of Joseph Merrick in an excerpt from the play \"The Elephant Man\". While ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8734376",
"text": "1994. Dion is also performing \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\" in her current Las Vegas residency show, \"Celine\". On 13 May 1992, \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\" received an ASCAP Pop Award for the most-performed ASCAP song during the 1991 survey year (1 October 1990 – 30 ... | [
"philadelphia"
] |
what country did vasco da gama come from? | [
{
"psg_id": "558331",
"text": "after his arrival. As per royal instructions, da Gama was succeeded as governor of India by one the captains who had come with him, Henrique de Menezes (no relation to Duarte). Da Gama's sons Estêvão and Paulo immediately lost their posts and joined the returning fleet of earl... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "558336",
"text": "is named after him, as is the crater Vasco da Gama on the Moon. There are three football clubs in Brazil (including Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama) and Vasco Sports Club in Goa that were also named after him. There exists a church in Kochi, Kerala called Vasco da Gama Church, a... | [
"portugal"
] |
what country do they speak farsi? | [
{
"psg_id": "3873799",
"text": "morning. Farsi Island Farsi Island ( \"jazīreye fârsī\") is a tiny, barren Iranian island in the Persian Gulf. There is an IRGC Navy base on this island. The island has an area of about and is restricted from the public. The center of Farsi Island is located at latitude 27° 5... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5665719",
"text": "Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way o... | [
"canada",
"afghanistan",
"iran",
"oman",
"uzbekistan",
"bahrain",
"iraq",
"tajikistan"
] |
where does luke skywalker live in star wars? | [
{
"psg_id": "644653",
"text": "film \"Star Wars\" (later dubbed \"Episode IV – A New Hope\"), the character represents the hero archetype of \"the young man, called to adventure, the hero going out facing the trials and ordeals, and coming back after his victory with a boon for the community\". Luke Skywalk... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7690808",
"text": "Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker is the original title of the novelization of the 1977 film \"Star Wars\". Ghostwritten by Alan Dean Foster, but credited to George Lucas, it was first published on November 12, 1... | [
"tatooine"
] |
what basketball team does kris humphrey play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "5647545",
"text": "Kris Humphries Kristopher Nathan Humphries (born February 6, 1985) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also played in the NBA for the Utah Jazz, Toronto Raptors, Dallas Maveri... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19431736",
"text": "in order to provide a better environment for his basketball career. He played with adoptive brother Nate Britt in an AAU team coached by Britt's father. The two were opponents in the 2016 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Game, as Britt played for the Tar Heels. ... | [
"brooklyn nets"
] |
what is time zone in hawaii? | [
{
"psg_id": "2799804",
"text": "Polynesia uses UTC−10 for its major cities. The Cook Islands also use the same time. These areas do not use DST. \"Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone\" is a U.S. term and for that reason the Polynesian areas are not considered to be a part of the Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone. Hawaii–Aleu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5210736",
"text": "clocks ahead yet another hour on October 30, 1983 to adopt Alaska Standard Time (the former Yukon Standard Time), effectively changing their standard time zone by two hours. Most of the Aleutian Islands moved from the Bering Time Zone (UTC-11) to the Hawaii-Aleutian Standard ... | [
"hawaii–aleutian time zone"
] |
what are two countries in south america? | [
{
"psg_id": "11812623",
"text": "Poverty in South America Poverty in South America is high in most countries. All of the countries in South America are greatly affected by poverty to some extent. From 1999 to 2010, poverty dropped from 43.8% to 31.8%. The countries that have the highest rates are Bolivia, C... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17419154",
"text": "and it was the first time since 1970 when North America and Central America had played in separate championships. In South America, Uruguay won maximum times, and in Central America, it was Mexico. Both tournaments were aware, despite the clear separation between the two con... | [
"carrasco",
"chacaltaya",
"chile",
"pampas",
"amazon basin",
"french guiana",
"peru",
"guyana",
"paraguay",
"bolivia"
] |
where did kobe bryant attend high school? | [
{
"psg_id": "1833135",
"text": "the most seasons playing with one franchise for an entire career and is widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball players of all time. Bryant is the first guard in NBA history to play at least 20 seasons. The son of former NBA player Joe Bryant, Kobe Bryant enjoyed a ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1833250",
"text": "The music video of the single also features Bryant. The song was also used by Sprite in its 2011 marketing campaign in China. In 2009, rapper Lil Wayne titled a song \"Kobe Bryant\". Similarly, in 2010, the rapper Sho Baraka released a song called \"Kobe Bryant On'em\", which... | [
"lower merion high school"
] |
what did doctor kevorkian do? | [
{
"psg_id": "1639621",
"text": "Jack Kevorkian Jack Kevorkian (; May 26, 1928 – June 3, 2011) was an American pathologist and euthanasia proponent. He is best known for publicly championing a terminal patient's right to die via physician-assisted suicide; he claimed to have assisted at least 130 patients to... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16049221",
"text": "Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was release... | [
"physician",
"pathologist"
] |
where is chowchilla located? | [
{
"psg_id": "1011716",
"text": "Chowchilla, California Chowchilla is a city in Madera County, California. The city's population was 18,720 at the 2010 United States Census, up from 11,127 at the 2000 U.S. Census. Chowchilla is located northwest of Madera, at an elevation of 240 feet (73 m). It is a principa... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7738940",
"text": "several small, unnamed streams on the south side of Chowchilla Mountain, in the Sierra National Forest. It flows roughly south past the locality of Harris Ranch, receiving Oliver Creek and several other small, unnamed tributaries along the way. It converges with the West Fork... | [
"united states of america",
"california",
"madera county"
] |
what country is vatican city in? | [
{
"psg_id": "12923844",
"text": "closed telephone dialing plan. The telecommunications provider of Vatican City is the Vatican Telephone Service (part of the Governorate’s Department of Telecommunications since 2002). Telephone numbers in Vatican City Telephone numbers in Vatican City are integrated into th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9215097",
"text": "Transport in Vatican City The transportation system in Vatican City, a country 1.05 km long and 0.85 km wide, is a small transportation system with no airports or highways. There is no public transport in the country. A heliport and a short railway is used for special occasio... | [
"rome"
] |
who played princess leia's mother in star wars? | [
{
"psg_id": "612801",
"text": "with the smuggler, Han Solo. In \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983), Leia leads the operation to rescue Han from the crime lord Jabba the Hutt, and is revealed to be Vader's daughter and the twin sister of Luke Skywalker. The prequel film \"\" (2005) establishes that the twins' moth... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19307207",
"text": "Star Wars: Princess Leia Star Wars: Princess Leia is a five-issue \"Star Wars\" comic book limited series, centered on Princess Leia immediately following the events of the 1977 film \"Star Wars\". In the story, Leia and Rebel pilot Evaan Verlainem attempt to rescue the surv... | [
"padmé amidala"
] |
where is the warmest weather in the united states in december? | [
{
"psg_id": "1677613",
"text": "Jews moved to Florida, especially to Miami, Miami Beach, and nearby cities. They found familiar foods and better weather, and founded more open, less tradition-bound communities, where greater materialism and more leisure-oriented, less disciplined Judaism developed. Many rel... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17239256",
"text": "Blue Is the Warmest Colour Blue Is the Warmest Colour (; ), known as Blue Is the Warmest Color in the United States, is a 2013 French romance film co-written, co-produced, and directed by Abdellatif Kechiche, and starring Léa Seydoux and Adèle Exarchopoulos. The film follows... | [
"florida"
] |
where donald trump went to college? | [
{
"psg_id": "19966921",
"text": "wife Ivana lived in an apartment on Manhattan's Fifth Avenue, which was decorated with beige velvet sofas and goatskin tables. According to family friend Nikki Haskell, Donald and Ivana lived in Olympic Tower prior to moving to 800 Fifth Avenue Trump had a residence at Trump... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19897803",
"text": "Top Doctors for Cancer. He has also received a Lifetime Achievement Award in Medicine/Business from Medaille College, and a Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Johns Hopkins University Alumni Association. Donald L. Trump Donald Lynn \"Skip\" Trump (born July 31, 1945) is an... | [
"the kew-forest school",
"university of pennsylvania",
"fordham university",
"wharton school of the university of pennsylvania",
"new york military academy"
] |
what did duke ellington do? | [
{
"psg_id": "15195306",
"text": "Duke Ellington Circle Duke Ellington Circle is a traffic circle located at the Northeast corner of Central Park at the foot of Fifth Avenue and of 110th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The traffic circle is named for the jazz musician Duke Ellington. Former... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9112354",
"text": "jazz\" and cited it as a template for his 1990 album \"Alone with Three Giants\". \"When you think of great artists paying homage to great artists, that one recording let me know what I had to do.\" Thelonious Monk Plays Duke Ellington Thelonious Monk Plays Duke Ellington is ... | [
"musician"
] |
from which university did president obama receive his bachelor's degree? | [
{
"psg_id": "15185086",
"text": "John S. Kyser John Schenebly Kyser (September 8, 1900 – July 14, 1975) was an American historian and geographer who served as the president of Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana, from 1954-1966. Kyser was born in El Paso, a small city in Woodford County... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16721779",
"text": "student life, student housing, and graduate opportunities for university leavers through the \"Lifestyle\", \"Student Housing\", \"Survival Guide\" and \"After Uni\" sections. The creator of \"What Degree? Which University?\" is David Handley, who is also the founding direct... | [
"university of chicago"
] |
what year did yankees win their first world series? | [
{
"psg_id": "8998685",
"text": "Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award. The Yankees finished first for the third consecutive year, and faced the Giants again in the 1923 World Series. Giants outfielder Casey Stengel hit game-winning home runs in two of the first three games of the World Series, but Ruth's three h... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4169528",
"text": "Lloyd to make quick work of the two lefties, which he did. Neither team threatened in the ninth and the Yankees got their much needed win. Cone won his first World Series decision in three tries; he had previously recorded two no-decisions in the 1992 World Series. Glavine lo... | [
"1923 world series"
] |
where was obama born? | [
{
"psg_id": "2826745",
"text": "was mostly of English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss, and Welsh ancestry. His father, Barack Obama Sr. (1936–1982), was a Luo Kenyan man from Nyang'oma Kogelo. Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, whe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5509496",
"text": "Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer, university administrator, and writer who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th U.S. President, Barack Obama, and was the first ... | [
"hawaii"
] |
where was tommy emmanuel born? | [
{
"psg_id": "5131622",
"text": "the Australian Roll of Renown. One of six children, Emmanuel was born in Muswellbrook, New South Wales, Australia, in 1955. He received his first guitar in 1959 at age four and was taught by his mother to accompany her playing lap steel guitar. At the age of six in 1961, he h... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5131621",
"text": "Tommy Emmanuel William Thomas Emmanuel AM (born 31 May 1955) is an Australian guitarist, songwriter, and singer, best known for his complex fingerstyle technique, energetic performances, and the use of percussive effects on the guitar. Although originally a session player in ... | [
"muswellbrook"
] |
what techniques did frida kahlo use in her paintings? | [
{
"psg_id": "1409016",
"text": "Surrealism\" exhibition. In 1943, she was included in the \"Mexican Art Today\" exhibition at the Philadelphia Museum of Art and \"Women Artists\" at Peggy Guggenheim's The Art of This Century gallery in New York. Kahlo gained more appreciation for her art in Mexico as well. ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1408970",
"text": "Frida Kahlo Frida Kahlo de Rivera (; born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón; 6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954) was a Mexican artist who painted many portraits, self-portraits and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, ... | [
"surrealism"
] |
what type of government does israel? | [
{
"psg_id": "817350",
"text": "Israeli system of government The Israeli system of government is based on parliamentary democracy. The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government and leader of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the Knes... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15156163",
"text": "more than half of Israelis believe \"the whole world is against us\", and three quarters of Israelis believe \"that no matter what Israel does or how far it goes towards resolving the conflict with the Palestinians, the world will continue to criticize Israel\". As a result,... | [
"parliamentary system",
"democracy"
] |
what political experience did abraham lincoln have? | [
{
"psg_id": "15423",
"text": "Other Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest wa... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18189111",
"text": "legacy, specifically in the line: \"Abraham Lincoln, we owe it to you, to protect this great country today\". This idea of indebtedness is also reflected in the illustration on the cover of the sheet music; Schwartz comments that the United States is portrayed as Columbia, a... | [
"united states representative",
"president of the united states",
"member of illinois house of representatives"
] |
what did shawnee smith star in? | [
{
"psg_id": "7263691",
"text": "2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \"I Saw What You Did\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2955702",
"text": "Shawnee The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what ... | [
"the grudge 3",
"saw iv",
"summer school",
"saw ii",
"saw iii",
"the island",
"saw",
"the blob",
"who's harry crumb?"
] |
what division is cincinnati bengals in? | [
{
"psg_id": "16977094",
"text": "2013 Cincinnati Bengals season The 2013 Cincinnati Bengals season was the franchise's 44th season in the National Football League, the 46th overall, and the 11th under head coach Marvin Lewis. The Bengals improved on their 10–6 regular season record from 2012 and clinched th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11796429",
"text": "postseason for the third time in just eight years of existence, but 1975 would be the last time that the Bengals would do so until 1981. Despite the Bengals great record, they were only 3-3 in division play, losing twice to the eventual champion Steelers, and losing on the r... | [
"afc north"
] |
what countries include western europe? | [
{
"psg_id": "461497",
"text": "Atlantic Current. Western European languages mostly fall within two Indo-European language families: the Romance languages, descended from the Latin of the Roman Empire; and the Germanic languages, whose ancestor language (Proto-Germanic) came from southern Scandinavia. Romanc... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "461490",
"text": "and United Kingdom. Eastern Europe, meanwhile is formed by countries with dominant Eastern Orthodox churches, including Greece, Belarus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine for instance. The schism is the break of communion and theology between what are now the East... | [
"kingdom of great britain",
"french first republic",
"austria",
"luxembourg",
"british isles",
"liechtenstein",
"western roman empire",
"west germany",
"monaco",
"switzerland"
] |
what is the legislature of missouri called? | [
{
"psg_id": "1560679",
"text": "Government of Missouri The government of the U.S. state of Missouri is organized into the state government and local government, including county government, and city and municipal government. The fourth and last Constitution of Missouri, the state constitution, was adopted i... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4434716",
"text": "What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's mo... | [
"missouri general assembly"
] |
what did harriet beecher stowe do as an abolitionist? | [
{
"psg_id": "1420391",
"text": "Tom's Cabin\". Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author. She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family, and is best known for her novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" (1852), which depi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1420383",
"text": "life Harriet was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Harriet Beecher Stowe died on July 1, 1896, at age eighty-five in Hartford, Connecticut. She is buried in the historic cemetery at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. Multiple landmarks are dedicated to the memory o... | [
"novelist",
"writer",
"author"
] |
in which province is pretoria? | [
{
"psg_id": "337133",
"text": "proposed name change has not occurred and now seems unlikely to happen. Pretoria is twinned with: Pretoria Pretoria () is a city in the northern part of Gauteng province in South Africa. It straddles the Apies River and has spread eastwards into the foothills of the Magaliesbe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "337083",
"text": "capital and Bloemfontein served as the judicial capital. Between 1910 and 1994, the city was also the capital of the province of Transvaal. (As the capital of the ZAR, Pretoria had superseded Potchefstroom in that role.) On 14 October 1931, Pretoria achieved official city stat... | [
"gauteng"
] |
what college did jerry rice attend? | [
{
"psg_id": "6775120",
"text": "Rice–Totten Stadium Rice–Totten Stadium is a 10,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Itta Bena, Mississippi, United States. It is home to the Mississippi Valley State University Delta Devils college football team. The stadium is named after former MVSU football players Jerry Ric... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2416829",
"text": "in 2010 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006. Jerry Lee Rice was born in Starkville, Mississippi, and grew up in the small town of Crawford, Mississippi, as the son of a brick mason. He attended B. L. Moor High School in Oktoc, Mississippi. According to his autobiogr... | [
"mississippi valley state university"
] |
who is liz lemon marrying on 30 rock? | [
{
"psg_id": "14264050",
"text": "6, 2010, episode \"The Moms\". Hooks is eleven years older than Krakowski. Some television commentators have noted that Hooks's appearance on \"30 Rock\" was her first acting job since appearing in the 2004 comedy movie \"Jiminy Glick in Lalawood\". The episode opens with Li... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9294202",
"text": "last name since she knew the character would often be called by it. Among the child actors who portrayed Liz in flashbacks to her youth was Fey's own daughter, Alice Richmond, in \"Mazel Tov, Dummies!\". Liz Lemon Elizabeth Miervaldis Lemon is the main character of the Americ... | [
"jack donaghy"
] |
where was the battle of appomattox located? | [
{
"psg_id": "4559669",
"text": "1964, and the Appomattox Centennial commemorative stamp in 1965. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved of the battlefield. Battle of Appomattox Court House The Battle of Appomattox Court House (Virginia... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6921663",
"text": "partners have acquired and preserved of the battlefield. Battle of Appomattox Station The Battle of Appomattox Station was fought between a Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the James, Army of the Shenandoah) cavalry division under the command of Brigadier General (Bre... | [
"appomattox court house"
] |
what country did john cabot sail for? | [
{
"psg_id": "5385488",
"text": "John Cabot University John Cabot University is a small American liberal arts university in the Trastevere district (\"rione\") of Rome, Italy. It is named for the Venetian explorer Giovanni Caboto better known by the English form of his name, John Cabot. it has more than 1,00... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11861057",
"text": "If the lands Cabot had discovered lay west of the meridian laid down in the Treaty of Tordesillas, or if he intended to sail further west, Columbus would probably have believed that these voyages challenged his monopoly rights for westward exploration. In addition to these l... | [
"italy"
] |
when did mt st helens first erupt? | [
{
"psg_id": "8344074",
"text": "St. Helens (film) St. Helens, alternatively titled St. Helens, Killer Volcano, is a 1981 made-for-cable HBO television film directed by Ernest Pintoff and starring David Huffman, Art Carney, Cassie Yates, and Albert Salmi. The film centers on the events leading up to the cata... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13445783",
"text": "YouTube featuring band members before making any of their music public. Their official debut appearance was July 31, 2008 at Seattle's Neumos, where their self released EP \"Weepy\" was available for the first time. Mt. St. Helens Vietnam Band signed with Dead Oceans in the ... | [
"1980 eruption of mount st. helens"
] |
what time zone is fresno ca? | [
{
"psg_id": "2799754",
"text": "early November) is being observed. In Mexico, the corresponding time zone is known as the \"Zona Noroeste\" (Northwest Zone) and observes the same daylight saving schedule as the U.S. and Canada. The largest city in the Pacific Time Zone is Los Angeles; the city's metropolita... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "841772",
"text": "designated Fresno County as the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The United States Census Bureau ranked the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 56th most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. The Office of Manageme... | [
"pacific time zone"
] |
who was the governor of missouri in 1996? | [
{
"psg_id": "1501755",
"text": "campaign advisor. At his death, Lieutenant Governor Roger B. Wilson assumed the governorship; Mel Carnahan's widow, Jean Carnahan, became the unofficial Democratic Party replacement against Ashcroft. Despite being deceased, Mel Carnahan ultimately defeated Ashcroft in the Nov... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11683441",
"text": "1996 United States presidential election in Missouri The 1996 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 5, 1996, as part of the 1996 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who v... | [
"mel carnahan"
] |
who played carl fredricksen in up? | [
{
"psg_id": "10367905",
"text": "Pixar's films: \"Up\", \"The Incredibles\", \"Cars\", \"Ratatouille\", and \"Toy Story\". Up (2009 film) Up is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama buddy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film centers on... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13365720",
"text": "Wii and published by E Frontier on December 3, 2009, \"Famitsu\" gave it a score of all four sixes for the DS version, and three sevens and one six for the Wii version. Up (video game) Up is a video game based on the Pixar film of the same name, released on May 26, 2009. The... | [
"ed asner"
] |
where did robert pattinson go to acting school? | [
{
"psg_id": "13708680",
"text": "in London. His father, Richard, imported vintage cars from the United States, and his mother, Clare (\"née\" Charlton), worked for a modelling agency. Pattinson has two elder sisters, Victoria and singer Elizabeth \"Lizzy\" Pattinson. Growing up in Barnes, London, he attende... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7922660",
"text": "Sir Robert Pattinson Academy Sir Robert Pattinson Academy (formerly Robert Pattinson School) is a secondary school on the northeast side of Moor Lane in North Hykeham, Lincolnshire, England. The Academy has approximately 1,281 students and is a Language College specialist sch... | [
"the harrodian school"
] |
what language does the country italy speak? | [
{
"psg_id": "193076",
"text": "official language of administration and education during the colonial period but fell out of use after government, educational and economic infrastructure were destroyed in the Somali Civil War. Although over 17 million Americans are of Italian descent, only a little over one ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10945154",
"text": "other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best ... | [
"italian language"
] |
who won the super bowl xliv 2010? | [
{
"psg_id": "4450372",
"text": "Super Bowl XLIV Super Bowl XLIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champions New Orleans Saints and the American Football Conference (AFC) champions Indianapolis Colts to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2009... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4450419",
"text": "John Randle, and Emmitt Smith – were named the day before. The Saints won the coin toss, marking the 13th straight Super Bowl the NFC won the toss (the Cardinals won the toss in Super Bowl XLIII but elected to defer to the second half, giving the Steelers the ball to open the... | [
"new orleans saints"
] |
what do the colors on mali's flag represent? | [
{
"psg_id": "2615415",
"text": "Flag of Mali The national flag of Mali (French: \"Drapeau du Mali\") is a tricolour with three equal vertical stripes. From the hoist (the place where the flagpole meets the flag) the colours are green, gold, and red, the pan-African colours. The flag of Mali is almost identi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20447409",
"text": "distance. With Moore again in the saddle he produced his customary front-running display before drawing away from his opponents in the final furlong and winning by six lengths from Landshark. On 30 September at Newmarket, U S Navy Flag, ridden by Heffernan, was one of twelve... | [
"flag of mali"
] |
when does school start in los angeles california 2011? | [
{
"psg_id": "485687",
"text": "in since 1932. In March 1881, the California State Legislature authorized the creation of a southern branch of the California State Normal School (now San José State University) in downtown Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. The Lo... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9719917",
"text": "and findings that in certain cases urban phenomena in Los Angeles do not match those of other American cities. Los Angeles School The Los Angeles School of Urbanism is an academic movement which emerged during the mid-1980s, loosely based at UCLA and the University of Souther... | [
"august"
] |
what years did the yankees win the championship? | [
{
"psg_id": "8998696",
"text": "these performances, the Yankees had a 102-win season and won the AL pennant, before defeating the Giants in the 1936 World Series, four games to two. After a second consecutive 102-win regular season and AL championship in the 1937 season, the Yankees again defeated the Giant... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8998752",
"text": "series to claim the AL championship. New York's pennant placed them in the 2000 World Series against the cross-town Mets, the first Subway Series in 44 years. With a four games to one victory, the Yankees gained their third successive title. As of 2017, the 2000 Yankees are t... | [
"1941 world series",
"1939 world series",
"1932 world series",
"1928 world series",
"1936 world series",
"1923 world series",
"1927 world series",
"1937 world series",
"1938 world series",
"1943 world series"
] |
what did samuel de champlain? | [
{
"psg_id": "507538",
"text": "Champlain's remains supplies a key plot-line in the crime writer Louise Penny's 2010 novel, \"Bury Your Dead\". Many sites and landmarks have been named to honour Champlain, who remains, to this day, a prominent historical figure in many parts of Acadia, Ontario, Quebec, New Y... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "507518",
"text": "be consummated two years later. Champlain sought permission from her parents to consummate the marriage before that: \"Many of those who entered into such relationships, such as Samuel de Champlain (d. 1635), the first governor of French Canada, agreed that they would not have... | [
"soldier",
"sailor",
"navigator"
] |
what language did the miwok indians speak? | [
{
"psg_id": "8968581",
"text": "Southern Sierra Miwok language is nearly extinct with only a few speakers existing today. However, as of 2012, an active revitalization program is underway. The name \"Miwok\" comes from the Sierra Miwok word \"miwwik\" meaning \"people\" or \"Indians\". It was originally use... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5614821",
"text": "land in Amador County in trust. In 2015, two court cases were settled in favor of the Ione Band of Miwok Indians allowing the 228.04-acre transfer to proceed. The Miwok people lived peacefully for thousand of years throughout large portions of Northern and Central California.... | [
"utian languages"
] |
who was audrey hepburn's husbands? | [
{
"psg_id": "626973",
"text": "of 20 January 1993, Hepburn died in her sleep at home. After her death, Gregory Peck went on camera and tearfully recited her favourite poem, \"Unending Love\" by Rabindranath Tagore. Funeral services were held at the village church of Tolochenaz on 24 January 1993. Maurice Ei... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "626917",
"text": "Audrey Hepburn Audrey Hepburn (born Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 4 May 192920 January 1993) was a British actress, model, dancer and humanitarian. Recognised as a film and fashion icon, Hepburn was active during Hollywood's Golden Age. She was ranked by the American Film Institute ... | [
"robert wolders",
"andrea dotti",
"mel ferrer"
] |
what did robert koch do? | [
{
"psg_id": "173532",
"text": "later that same year, he married actress Hedwig Freiberg (1872–1945). On 9 April 1910, Koch suffered a heart attack and never made a complete recovery. On 27 May, three days after giving a lecture on his tuberculosis research at the Prussian Academy of Sciences, Koch died in B... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16049221",
"text": "Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was release... | [
"physician"
] |
who does cristiano ronaldo play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "20951830",
"text": "Transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. Cristiano Ronaldo was transferred from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. on 10 July 2018. Worth €100 million, the transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by a... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3048867",
"text": "describing them as an \"intentional defamation campaign\" with parts significantly \"altered and/or completely fabricated\", a claim which \"Der Spiegel\" categorically refuted. Sporting CP Manchester United Real Madrid Portugal Notes Citations Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ron... | [
"real madrid c.f."
] |
what currency is best to take to dominican republic? | [
{
"psg_id": "105482",
"text": "Azúcar, CEA), Grupo Vicini, and Central Romana Corporation. According to the 2016 Global Slavery Index, an estimated 104,800 people are enslaved in the modern day Dominican Republic, or 1.00% of the population. Some slaves in the Dominican Republic are held on sugar plantation... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4395405",
"text": "however. The main Dominican parties campaign in Puerto Rico during presidential elections and raise important amounts of funds from the Dominican residents. Dominicans in Puerto Rico send millions of dollars per month to their relatives in the Dominican Republic, and are thus... | [
"dominican peso"
] |
who's betty white? | [
{
"psg_id": "2463449",
"text": "of the book. Betty White Betty Marion White Ludden (born January 17, 1922), known professionally as Betty White, is an American actress and comedian, with the longest television career of any entertainer. Regarded as a pioneer of television, she was one of the first women to ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2463428",
"text": "2010 Super Bowl XLIV. The ad went viral, and won the top spot on the USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter. Following the success of the Snickers advertisement, a grassroots campaign on Facebook called \"Betty White to Host SNL (Please)\" began in January 2010. The group was approach... | [
"singer",
"television producer",
"author",
"actor",
"tv personality",
"comedian"
] |
what has been discovered on mars so far? | [
{
"psg_id": "4970485",
"text": "Rover missions, the positional uncertainty of Airy-0 corresponded to roughly a 20-second uncertainty in realizing AMT. In order to refine the location of the prime meridian, it has been proposed that it be based on a specification that the Viking Lander 1 is located at 47.951... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "706268",
"text": "So Far, So Good... So What! So Far, So Good... So What! (stylized as so far, so good... so what !) is the third studio album by the American thrash metal band Megadeth, released on January 19, 1988 by Capitol Records. It is the band's only album recorded with drummer Chuck Beh... | [
"acidalia colles",
"aganippe fossa",
"acheron fossae",
"alba patera",
"adirondack",
"aeolis mensae",
"airy-0",
"airy",
"aeolis quadrangle",
"acidalia planitia"
] |
who is lleyton hewitt? | [
{
"psg_id": "237658",
"text": "the amount of tax he would otherwise have had to pay, Hewitt relocated his family for the European and North American season to their home in the Old Fort Bay estate, in Nassau, Bahamas. Hewitt has a nickname, 'Rusty', which was given to him by Darren Cahill who at the time th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "237656",
"text": "VCORE 95 D, using a grip size of 4 3/8 (L3). Since mid-2011, he began alternating between Yonex, Nike, Adidas, Asics and Fila shoes. Hewitt is a keen supporter of Australian rules football, having played the game earlier in his career, and is currently the joint No. 1 ticket h... | [
"tennis player"
] |
what movies did quentin tarantino star in? | [
{
"psg_id": "339066",
"text": "segment of \"The Man from Hollywood\", a tribute to the \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\" episode \"Man From the South\". Tarantino later played the role of the Groom in the music video \"Dance Me to the End of Love\" by Leonard Cohen. Later in 1995, he hosted a \"Saturday Night L... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "339115",
"text": "frequent collaborators include Uma Thurman, whom Tarantino has described as his \"muse\", James Parks, Tim Roth and Zoë Bell. Editor Sally Menke, who worked on all Tarantino films until her death in 2010, was described by Tarantino in 2007 as \"hands down my number one collabo... | [
"grindhouse",
"the cutting edge: the magic of movie editing",
"sukiyaki western django",
"full tilt boogie",
"z channel: a magnificent obsession",
"baadasssss cinema",
"desperado",
"four rooms",
"from dusk till dawn",
"dead on: the life and cinema of george a. romero"
] |
what language does the new zealand speak? | [
{
"psg_id": "8555979",
"text": "Languages of New Zealand English is the predominant language and a \"de facto\" official language of New Zealand. Almost the entire population speak it either as native speakers or proficiently as a second language. The New Zealand English dialect is most similar to Australia... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8555984",
"text": "identified as Māori. No adult Māori alive in New Zealand today does not also speak English. New Zealand Sign Language, the main language of the deaf community in New Zealand, has been an official language by statute since 2006, by virtue of the New Zealand Sign Language Act 2... | [
"esperanto language",
"english language",
"māori language",
"samoan language",
"tongan language",
"standard mandarin",
"fijian language"
] |
what kind of cancer killed larry hagman have? | [
{
"psg_id": "2142644",
"text": "family war between Christopher and John Ross III. In 1973, his stepfather Richard Halliday died, and Hagman reconciled with his mother, Mary Martin, soon after. The two were close until her death from colon cancer in 1990. In 1954, Hagman married Swedish-born Maj Axelsson (bo... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2142642",
"text": "Martin And Her Son Larry, with orchestra by Mitch Miller. It was released in Australia as a 78 rpm single, catalogue number DO-3409. In 1980, Hagman recorded a single called \"Ballad of the Good Luck Charm\". During the 1980s, Hagman was featured in a national televised Schli... | [
"head and neck cancer",
"cancer",
"leukemia"
] |
what kind of drugs does charlie sheen do? | [
{
"psg_id": "1965114",
"text": "On May 20, 1998, Sheen suffered a stroke after overdosing while using cocaine and was hospitalized. Sheen was found in his seaside home by a friend, after which paramedics had to give emergency life-saving treatment and rushed him to Las Robles hospital. He was described as b... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1965125",
"text": "important role in the failure of the marriage. Richards said in an interview in 2008, \"When I vaccinated Sam, he accused me of poisoning her. And I knew when he said that that the marriage wasn't going to work.\" Charlie Sheen Carlos Irwin Estévez (born September 3, 1965), k... | [
"cocaine"
] |
who is clint eastwood dating? | [
{
"psg_id": "5670543",
"text": "alongside her stepson, Scott Eastwood. Eastwood joined The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts Board of Trustees and is a past chair. She met actor-director Clint Eastwood in 1992, when she interviewed him for KSBW-TV. As Clint Eastwood recalled in 2007, They ma... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11531655",
"text": "of the UK Independent Chart. Clint Eastwood (musician) Clint Eastwood (born Robert Brammer) is a Jamaican reggae deejay, who recorded as a solo artist in the late 1970s and early 1980s before teaming up with UK deejay General Saint as the duo Clint Eastwood & General Saint. ... | [
"dina eastwood"
] |
what county is sacramento located in? | [
{
"psg_id": "540484",
"text": "also owns Sacramento Mather Airport in Rancho Cordova and Sacramento Executive Airport, both of which are general aviation airports. There are also privately owned public use airports located in Elk Grove and Rio Linda. The Sacramento County Department of Transportation (SACDO... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11658468",
"text": "in 1846–47 while attempting to make it to California on a poorly organized trip. Douglas County, is the only county in Nevada in the Greater Sacramento area and is the only non-Californian county to be located in a California metropolitan region. The addition of Douglas Coun... | [
"sacramento county"
] |
what country was the treaty of versailles written? | [
{
"psg_id": "13669506",
"text": "part of the Diplomatic Revolution, which realigned the alliance systems of the major powers of Europe in the run-up to the war. It was ostensibly defensive, but British agents suspected that there were secret clauses that were more wide-ranging than the document actually pub... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11077608",
"text": "Little Treaty of Versailles Little Treaty of Versailles or the Polish Minority Treaty was one of the bilateral Minority Treaties signed between minor powers and the League of Nations in the aftermath of the First World War. The Polish treaty was signed on 28 June 1919, the s... | [
"france"
] |
what is st mary mascot? | [
{
"psg_id": "17081585",
"text": "reference to St. Peter Canisius, who Canisius College is named for. Canisius' golden griffin has been called one of the most unusual of all NCAA mascots. In 2010, after the College of William & Mary adopted the Griffin as their new school mascot, Petey \"wrote\" a satirical ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10195732",
"text": "Mount St. Mary is accredited by the Arkansas Non-public Accreditation Association and has been accredited by AdvancED (formerly North Central Association) since 1930. Student publications for journalism students include \"The Mercian Times\" (yearbook) and \"The Mount\" (new... | [
"griffin"
] |
who was irving berlin and what did he do? | [
{
"psg_id": "586973",
"text": "Story of Irving Berlin\", was being written by Alexander Woollcott. In a letter to Woollcott, Jerome Kern offered what one writer said \"may be the last word\" on the significance of Irving Berlin: Irving Berlin has no \"place\" in American music—he \"is\" American music. Emot... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "586965",
"text": "of which Berlin was a founder, said, \"What to me is fascinating about this unique genius is that he touched so many people in so many age groups over so many years. He sounded our deepest feelings—happiness, sadness, celebration, loneliness.\" Ginger Rogers, who danced to Ber... | [
"songwriter",
"lyricist",
"composer"
] |
who shot j lennon? | [
{
"psg_id": "11221515",
"text": "words said by Chapman that evening. After being asked, \"Do you know what you've done?\" Chapman calmly replied, \"Yes, I just shot John Lennon\". The Cranberries performed the song live on \"Late Night with David Letterman\" in 1995. Another live-session of the song is avai... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10869967",
"text": "president of the former until 2017 and the latter until 1995. Lennon serves on the Executive Board of the Norman Mailer Center and the Norman Mailer Society. He is also the Chair of the Editorial Board of \"The Mailer Review.\" Lennon has been married to Donna Pedro Lennon, ... | [
"mark david chapman"
] |
what happened during william henry harrison presidency? | [
{
"psg_id": "8675275",
"text": "William Henry Harrison High School (West Lafayette, Indiana) \"For schools with a similar name, see Harrison High School (disambiguation).\" William Henry Harrison High School (HHS) is a four-year public high school in Tippecanoe County, Indiana near West Lafayette. It was es... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12940831",
"text": "Inauguration of William Henry Harrison The inauguration of William Henry Harrison as the ninth President of the United States was held on Thursday, March 4, 1841, on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration marked the commencement o... | [
"battle of tippecanoe"
] |
where is the denver broncos stadium located? | [
{
"psg_id": "106534",
"text": "Denver Broncos The Denver Broncos are a professional American football franchise based in Denver, Colorado. The Broncos compete as a member club of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC) West division. They began play in 1960 as a charter membe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20454034",
"text": "2001–2010. For the foreseeable future, the official name, which was approved by the Metropolitan Football Stadium District board, will be known as Broncos Stadium at Mile High. 2018 Denver Broncos season The 2018 season is the Denver Broncos' 49th in the National Football Le... | [
"sports authority field at mile high"
] |
where did sir ernest shackleton live? | [
{
"psg_id": "702581",
"text": "Ernest Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (; 15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was a British polar explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Born in Kilk... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8275303",
"text": "year, returning in May/June. After annual refit/drydock, \"Ernest Shackleton\" is chartered out for commercial use in the northern summer. RRS Ernest Shackleton RRS \"Ernest Shackleton\" is a Royal Research Ship operated by the British Antarctic Survey. She is primarily a log... | [
"county kildare"
] |
what type of music is scott joplin? | [
{
"psg_id": "15512876",
"text": "Scott Joplin: Piano Rags Scott Joplin: Piano Rags is a 1970 ragtime piano album, consisting of compositions by Scott Joplin played by Joshua Rifkin, on the Nonesuch Records label. The original album's cover states the name as Piano Rags by Scott Joplin, as contrasting the al... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "404353",
"text": "Schonberg, music critic at \"The New York Times\", having just heard the Rifkin album, wrote a featured Sunday edition article entitled \"Scholars, Get Busy on Scott Joplin!\" Schonberg's call to action has been described as the catalyst for classical music scholars, the sort ... | [
"piano",
"jazz piano"
] |
who does leia think her father is? | [
{
"psg_id": "20686811",
"text": "Star Wars: Leia, Princess of Alderaan Star Wars: Leia, Princess of Alderaan is a \"Star Wars\" novel by Claudia Gray, published by Disney Lucasfilm Press on September 1, 2017 as part of the publishing initiative. It chronicles the teen years of Princess Leia before the event... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14363661",
"text": "your average documentary.\" There have been more mixed reviews, one magazine saying that the film has “revelatory moments” but also provides too restrictive a definition of “artist” and at times was “clumsily” composed. \"The New York Times\" called the film an answer to the... | [
"bail organa"
] |
who is president of france? | [
{
"psg_id": "335666",
"text": "to. He was succeeded by Nicolas Sarkozy on 16 May 2007. Following a further change, the constitutional law on the modernisation of the institutions of the Fifth Republic, 2008, a President cannot serve more than two consecutive terms. François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac are... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "335663",
"text": "proto-canon of the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. The current President of France is Emmanuel Macron, who succeeded François Hollande on 14 May 2017. The presidency of France was first publicly proposed during the July Revolution of 1830, when it was offered to the Marq... | [
"nicolas sarkozy"
] |
who did alf's voice? | [
{
"psg_id": "9879121",
"text": "Project ALF Project: ALF (also known as Project: ALF, Part 2) is a 1996 American made-for-television science fiction film directed by Dick Lowry which serves as a sequel to the final episode \"Consider Me Gone\" of the 1986–1990 sitcom \"ALF\". It was broadcast in the U.S. by... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1832062",
"text": "with ALF\", \"Melmac Rock\", and \"Take Me, ALF, to the Ballgame\". Tommi Piper, the actor who dubbed ALF's voice for German audiences, spent twelve weeks in the German pop charts in 1989. The single featured Amélie Sandmann (as the voice of Rhonda) and was called \"Hallo ALF... | [
"paul fusco"
] |
what was theodore roosevelt's political party? | [
{
"psg_id": "4438798",
"text": "established parties. The platform asserted that To that end, the platform called for The book \"The Promise of American Life\", written in 1909 by Herbert Croly, influenced Theodore Roosevelt. New Nationalism was in direct contrast with Woodrow Wilson's policy of The New Free... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13706423",
"text": "Political positions of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) was the 26th President of the United States (1901–1909) and also served as Governor of New York and Vice President. He is known for becoming a leading spokesman for his version of progressivism after 18... | [
"republican party",
"progressive party"
] |
where ulysses s grant go to school? | [
{
"psg_id": "433976",
"text": "son, Grant appeared to be an agnostic. He inherited some of Hannah's Methodist piety and quiet nature. Grant was largely apolitical before the war but wrote, \"If I had ever had any political sympathies they would have been with the Whigs. I was raised in that school.\" Grant'... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6174799",
"text": "father-in-law. His cousin was Ulysses S. Grant IV, the son of Ulysses S. Grant, Jr. Source: \"U.S. Army Register\", 1946. Ulysses S. Grant III Ulysses Simpson Grant III (July 4, 1881August 29, 1968) was a United States Army officer and planner. He was the son of Frederick Den... | [
"united states military academy"
] |
where is kia cars made? | [
{
"psg_id": "1644604",
"text": "cars, the Kia Soul, during a five-day visit to South Korea. The Kia Soul drew bigger attention than two other vehicles used by the Pope, their Kia Carnival and Hyundai's Santa Fe, because it appeared in the high-profile welcoming ceremony of his arrival at the Seoul Airport o... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4939623",
"text": "Kia Optima The Kia Optima is a 4-door mid-size car manufactured by Kia Motors since 2000 and marketed globally through various nameplates. First generation cars were mostly marketed as the Optima, although the Kia Magentis name was used in Europe and Canada when sales began t... | [
"seoul"
] |
what magazine did edgar allan poe work for? | [
{
"psg_id": "118151",
"text": "made little money from it and it received mixed reviews. Poe left \"Burton's\" after about a year and found a position as assistant at \"Graham's Magazine\". In June 1840, Poe published a prospectus announcing his intentions to start his own journal called \"The Stylus\". Orig... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13993221",
"text": "of \"The Raven\" in 1845, though it was not a financial success. The publishing industry at the time was a difficult career choice and much of Poe's work was written using themes specifically catered for mass market tastes. This list of collections refers only to those print... | [
"the stylus",
"graham's magazine",
"broadway journal",
"burton's magazine"
] |
where are sunbeam appliances made? | [
{
"psg_id": "5185376",
"text": "Group in 2005, K2 in 2007, and Mapa Spontex in 2009. More recently, Jarden purchased Aero International and Quickie Manufacturing. In September 2011, Jarden Corp. was predicted to be a good bet for low risk earnings growth. As of 2015, Sunbeam batteries were made in China and... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5185370",
"text": "sprinkler line of the 1950s and 1960s. Meanwhile, Sunbeam continued to expand outside of Chicago. By the end of the 1970s, as the leading American manufacturer of small appliances, Sunbeam enjoyed about $1.3 billion in annual sales and employed nearly 30,000 people worldwide.... | [
"canada",
"united states of america"
] |
what happened after anne frank died? | [
{
"psg_id": "3416017",
"text": "1944, she kept a diary she had received as a birthday present, and wrote in it regularly. Following their arrest, the Franks were transported to concentration camps. In October or November 1944, Anne and her sister, Margot, were transferred from Auschwitz to Bergen-Belsen con... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12594976",
"text": "Searching for Anne Frank Anne Frank: Letters from Amsterdam to Iowa is a book about Anne Frank and her pen pal, Juanita Wagner. It is written by Susan Goldman Rubin. In 1939, a ten-year-old girl named Juanita Wagner was the pen pal of Anne Frank and she only sent two letters... | [
"perished",
"typhus"
] |
who plays batman in 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "10338607",
"text": "of a recent divorce from Lois Lane. Clark and Bruce are close friends, and Clark is Bruce's best man. After the Joker kills Elizabeth on their honeymoon, Bruce swears revenge, while Clark tries to hold him back. Bruce blames Clark for her death, and the two go against one an... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5296662",
"text": "take on the Joker feels incredibly authentic.\" Goldstein later ranked \"The Man Who Laughs\" #23 on a list of the 25 best Batman graphic novels. Don MacPherson of The Fourth Rail felt that \"The Man Who Laughs\" \"rob[s] the Joker of some of his mystery\" but said that Bruba... | [
"christian bale"
] |
what county is stockton ca located in? | [
{
"psg_id": "962403",
"text": "Stockton, California Stockton is a city in and the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California. Stockton was founded by Captain Charles Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses. The city is named after Robe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6959633",
"text": "Stockton railway station (County Durham) Stockton railway station serves the town of Stockton-on-Tees, within the borough of Stockton-on-Tees and the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. The railway station is located on the Durham Coast Line and is operated by Northe... | [
"san joaquin county"
] |
what did ronnie radke do? | [
{
"psg_id": "15604363",
"text": "Jacoby Shaddix, Danny Worsnop, and Craig Mabbitt. Ronald Joseph Radke was born on December 15, 1983, in St. Rose Hospital, in Las Vegas, Nevada, one of three children born to Russell Radke, the others being his brothers, Anthony James Radke (1980-2013) and Matthew Radke. Rad... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15604378",
"text": "Though it was determined that Radke had contact with Boswell, police found no evidence that Radke or his entourage had assaulted Boswell as she'd claimed they did and an eyewitness reported that she was visibly intoxicated upon exiting Radke's vehicle. Radke subsequently bro... | [
"guitar",
"lead vocalist",
"keyboard"
] |
what form of government does czech republic have? | [
{
"psg_id": "63758",
"text": "1990 World Men's Handball Championship; home venue of ex-KHL's HC Lev Praha) and Stadion Evžena Rošického (1978 European Athletics Championships). Government News Statistics Trade Travel Czech Republic The Czech Republic (; ), also known by its short-form name, Czechia (; ), is... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11215766",
"text": "Government of the Czech Republic The Government of the Czech Republic () exercises executive power in the Czech Republic. The members of the government are the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (Chairman of the Government), the deputy ministers and other ministers. It has... | [
"parliamentary republic"
] |
who is the leader of syria now? | [
{
"psg_id": "4511755",
"text": "Elections in Syria Elections in Syria gives information on election and election results in Syria. A civil war has been going on in Syria since 2011 following a period of demonstrations and unrest in 2011, which was part of the international wave of protest known as the Arab ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9347271",
"text": "Kill Me\". \"Black Helicopters\" was the only charting single from the album, peaking at #46 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. Futurama The C.I.A Is Trying to Kill Me Drug Music If You Got Love Rock Stars Say Goodbye to Yesterday Black Helicopters Strange Universe Cult Leader It'... | [
"bashar al-assad"
] |
what was eli whitney education? | [
{
"psg_id": "122631",
"text": "devices, drawings of which are in his collected papers, were effective but were never manufactured for use of others due to his heirs' reluctance to trade in \"indelicate\" items. The Eli Whitney Students Program, Yale University's admissions program for non-traditional studen... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "122612",
"text": "the newly formed United States Army. He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825. Whitney was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, on December 8, 1765, the eldest child of Eli Whitney Sr., a prosperous farmer, and his wife Elizabeth Fay, also of Westborough. ... | [
"yale university",
"yale college"
] |
what movies has renee zellweger been in? | [
{
"psg_id": "1648470",
"text": "Victoria, London. Her performance as Bridget received praise from critics with Stephen Holden of \"The New York Times\" commenting, \"Ms. Zellweger accomplishes the small miracle of making Bridget both entirely endearing and utterly real.\" This role won her a second Golden G... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1648463",
"text": "Killers\") to be as fresh as it should be\". The part earned her an Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance. Zellweger subsequently relocated to Los Angeles, a move she had postponed several; times because she believed she lacked the talent and experience to be a ... | [
"bridget jones's diary"
] |
what other writers influenced charles dickens? | [
{
"psg_id": "12458038",
"text": "Cedric Charles Dickens Cedric David Charles Dickens (24 September 1916 – 11 February 2006) was an English author and businessman, and the last surviving great-grandson of Charles Dickens and steward of his literary legacy. Cedric \"Ceddy\" Dickens was the son of Philip \"Pip... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "72847",
"text": "that the Victorian public confronted issues of social justice that had commonly been ignored. It has been argued that his technique of flooding his narratives with an 'unruly superfluity of material' that, in the gradual dénouement, yields up an unsuspected order, influenced th... | [
"tobias smollett",
"washington irving",
"miguel de cervantes",
"william wordsworth",
"honoré de balzac",
"henry fielding",
"victor hugo",
"sheridan le fanu",
"william shakespeare",
"laurence sterne"
] |
where jay z was raised? | [
{
"psg_id": "1411079",
"text": "Adnis Reeves, abandoned the family, Shawn and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter. Reeves would later meet and reconcile with Jay-Z before dying in 2003. Jay-Z claims in his lyrics that in 1982 at age 12, he shot his older brother in the shoulder for... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1411148",
"text": "presidential election, Jay-Z and Beyoncé supported presidential candidate Hillary Clinton at her rally in Cleveland. Clinton praised Jay-Z for addressing racism, oppression, and the criminal justice system. Jay-Z Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969) known professionally... | [
"brooklyn"
] |
where did the assyrian empire start? | [
{
"psg_id": "20689282",
"text": "riders to rest the system provided unprecedented communication speed, which was not surpassed in the Middle East until the introduction of the telegraph. The efficiency of the system contributed to the Neo-Assyrian Empire's dominance in the Middle East and to maintaining coh... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10865411",
"text": "Assyrian pantheon in Mesopotamian religion, worshipped mainly in Upper Mesopotamia which constituted old Assyria. Ashur was a deified form of the city of Assur, which dates from c. 2600 BC and was the capital city of the Old Assyrian Empire. During the various periods of Ass... | [
"middle east"
] |
what currency does the dominican republic? | [
{
"psg_id": "105707",
"text": "China 13.9%, Mexico 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2017) Debt - external: $29.69 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $76.99 million (2005) Currency: Dominican peso Exchange rates: Dominican pesos per US dollar - 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (200... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13066740",
"text": "\"Sugarball,\" \"Nothing typifies the new direction of Dominican baseball as much as the baseball academy, an institution rooted in the increased presence and benevolent paternalism of North American baseball interests in the country.\" The first baseball academy in the Domi... | [
"dominican peso"
] |
what is daniel radcliffe name in the woman in black? | [
{
"psg_id": "14793010",
"text": "Daniel Radcliffe was announced as the actor playing the part of Arthur Kipps on 19 July 2010. Two months later, it was announced that \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2\" co-star Ciarán Hinds would join Radcliffe along with Janet McTeer as Mr and Mrs Daily respect... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4872924",
"text": "The Woman in Black The Woman in Black is a 1983 horror novel by Susan Hill, written in the style of a traditional Gothic novel. The plot concerns a mysterious spectre that haunts a small English town, heralding the death of children. A television film based on the story, also... | [
"arthur kipps"
] |
what money do they use in thailand? | [
{
"psg_id": "15463658",
"text": "History of Thai money The evolution of money in Thailand used as a medium of exchange and to make payment before the adoption of Thai baht coins and banknotes currently in use, included designs and forms which have been found over various period of time. For Thai people, mon... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7657272",
"text": "Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\" is a... | [
"thai baht"
] |
where does avril lavigne live now? | [
{
"psg_id": "1436382",
"text": "made her screen acting debut in \"Fast Food Nation\" (2006). In 2008, Lavigne introduced her clothing line, Abbey Dawn, and in 2009, she released her first perfume, Black Star, which was followed by Forbidden Rose in 2010, and Wild Rose in 2011. Lavigne has been married twice... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5967836",
"text": "live audio CD. All of the songs are live recordings apart from the song \"Why\", which is a B-side of \"Complicated\". DVD Avril Lavigne: My World Avril Lavigne: My World is the first Live album/DVD released by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The DVD consists of six... | [
"belleville",
"greater napanee"
] |
who plays stewie griffin's voice family guy? | [
{
"psg_id": "2816144",
"text": "Furious\" franchise as follows. This is exactly how writer Cherry Chevapravatdumrong ranks the franchise. In the season 16 episode \"Send in Stewie, Please\", it is revealed that Stewie's English accent is fake and that he actually has an American Boston accent. Stewie's voic... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2816160",
"text": "on the story. MacFarlane also states that these rules can be broken for the sake of comedy, so this could change from one episode to another. In \"Inside \"Family Guy\"\", Peter apologizes to the family, to which Stewie comments: \"Oh that's nice of you to say\". Peter replie... | [
"seth macfarlane"
] |
where did paul rudd go to high school? | [
{
"psg_id": "3201145",
"text": "and his mother's family's surname was originally \"Goldstein\". Rudd had a Bar Mitzvah service. Growing up, he loved reading British comics, \"The Beano\" and \"The Dandy\", which his uncle in the U.K. would send to him. When he was ten, Rudd's family moved to Lenexa, Kansas.... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16600748",
"text": "Paul Rudd (DJ) Paul Rudd (born 15 September 1979), also known professionally as DJ Paul Rudd, is an English House Music DJ, songwriter, record producer, recording artist, label owner and remixer. Starting as a radio DJ during the 1990s, he went on to DJ at venues around the ... | [
"shawnee mission west high school"
] |
what gauge strings john mayer? | [
{
"psg_id": "11874568",
"text": "Where the Light Is (John Mayer album) Where the Light Is: John Mayer Live in Los Angeles, commonly referred to as Where the Light Is, is a live album and concert film by American blues-rock musician John Mayer. Released on July 1, 2008, the album documents Mayer's performanc... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1684324",
"text": "of the most unique musicians in the world [...] here's John Mayer playing everyone else's licks.\" The comment itself drew controversy, and Mayer, for his part, said, \"I care about this band too much to give that life,\" and that \"I realized not long ago that I'm done debat... | [
"blues-rock"
] |
what did regina hall play in? | [
{
"psg_id": "5640094",
"text": "Regina Hall Regina Lee Hall (born December 12, 1970) is an American film and television actress and comedian. She is perhaps best known for her lead role as Brenda Meeks in the \"Scary Movie\" film series (2000–2006). Hall, who was an English major in college and studied jour... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12889734",
"text": "Regina (play) Regina: Un Musical Para Una Nación Que Despierta (Regina: A musical for an awaking nation) is a musical presented in the San Rafael Theater in Mexico. The musical part of the play was composed by Antonio Calvo, with lyrics by Alex Slucki, based on the novel \"R... | [
"scary movie",
"first sunday",
"danika",
"paid in full",
"disappearing acts",
"malibu's most wanted",
"scary movie 4",
"king's ransom",
"scary movie 3",
"scary movie 2"
] |
what american penny is worth money? | [
{
"psg_id": "4663892",
"text": "Penny (Canadian coin) In Canada, a penny is a coin worth one cent, or of a dollar. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official national term of the coin is the \"one-cent piece\", but in practice the terms \"penny\" and \"cent\" predominate. Originally, \"penny\" refer... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15736768",
"text": "games played are: It's Worth What? It's Worth What? is an American television game show that debuted July 19, 2011 on NBC. Hosted by Cedric the Entertainer, the show's primary focus is the cost and value of items. Announcer Dave Mitchell would describe each item that appears... | [
"cent"
] |
what book did jacob riis wrote? | [
{
"psg_id": "801596",
"text": "with lantern slides, made little money for the pair, but they both greatly increased the number of people exposed to what Riis had to say and also enabled him to meet people who had the power to affect change, notably Charles Henry Parkhurst and an editor of \"Scribner's Magaz... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "801607",
"text": "the park and led the public in giving him three cheers of \"Hooray, Jacob Riis!\" Other parks also were created, and Riis was popularly credited with them as well. Riis wrote his autobiography, \"The Making of an American\", in 1901. His daughter, Clara C. Riis, married Dr. Wi... | [
"how the other half lives"
] |
what airport is close to scottsdale arizona? | [
{
"psg_id": "4558846",
"text": "missions upon request. Scottsdale Airport Scottsdale Airport is north of downtown Scottsdale, in Maricopa County, Arizona. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Scottsdale Airport is SDL to the FAA and SCF to the IATA (whic... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1006184",
"text": "and four branches within the Scottsdale Public Library System. State Route 101 – locally known as Loop 101 – provides convenient Metropolitan Phoenix Freeways access. The city is home to Scottsdale Municipal Airport , a single-runway airport located in North Scottsdale. While... | [
"scottsdale airport"
] |
who plays noah bennet? | [
{
"psg_id": "9074180",
"text": "Noah Bennet Noah Bennet, also known as the man in horn-rimmed glasses (a.k.a. HRG) or simply Mr. Bennet, is a character from the NBC drama \"Heroes\" played by Jack Coleman. The role was initially recurring, but became regular as of the 11th episode. His first name was not re... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9074207",
"text": "the paper factory. Thompson asks Bennet when Claire should be showing up at the factory. It is at that moment that Bennet realizes he's too attached to Claire. The graphic novel \"Family Man\" reveals that, at this point, Noah Bennet decides that he must do what he can to sav... | [
"jack coleman"
] |
when did the italian fascists came to power? | [
{
"psg_id": "2099133",
"text": "both young and old. Both units fought alongside Nazi and \"Schutzstaffel\" (SS) counterparts in an extensive anti partisan war. The Black Brigades committed many atrocities in their fight against the Italian resistance movement and political enemies. On 15 August 1944, the GN... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7808415",
"text": "Fascists publicly identified King Victor Emmanuel II – the first King of a reunited Italy who had initiated the \"Risorgimento\" – along with other historic Italian figures such as Gaius Marius, Julius Caesar, Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Giuseppe Garibal... | [
"world war ii"
] |
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